Wikipedia ffwiki https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_ja%C9%93%C9%93orgo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4735 177559 177130 2026-06-30T16:28:15Z MOIBARDE 10068 add links and references 177559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mallam Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://gazettes.africa/akn/ng/officialGazette/government-gazette/1982-10-01/50/eng@1982-10-01|title=Nigeria Government Gazette dated 1982-10-01 number 50|date=1982-10-01|language=en}}</ref> (9 [[lewru]] bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 [[lewru]] abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to [[Kano]]. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla [[Naajeeriya]]. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (''commons'') e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Bennett|first=Eric|editor-first1=Henry Louis|editor-first2=Kwame Anthony|editor-last1=Gates|editor-last2=Appiah|title=Kano, Alhaji Aminu|date=2010|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Africa|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-2167|access-date=2024-05-23|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-533770-9|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Reynolds|first=Jonathan T.|editor-first1=Emmanuel K.|editor-first2=Henry Louis|editor-last1=Akyeampong|editor-last2=Gates|chapter=Kano, Muhammad Aminu|date=2011-01-01|title=Dictionary of African Biography|chapter-url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1016|access-date=2024-05-23|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":31">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Eltantawi|first=Sarah|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1m3p0h2|title=Shari'ah on Trial: Northern Nigeria's Islamic Revolution|date=2017|publisher=University of California Press|edition=1|pages=29|doi=10.1525/j.ctt1m3p0h2}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Uwechue|first=Raph|title=Makers of Modern Africa (Second ed.)|publisher=Africa Books Limited|year=1991|isbn=0903274183|location=United Kingdom|pages=323–324}}</ref> Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule [[lislaam]] e nuunɗal renndo.<ref name=":312">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref> O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] les laamu [[Yakubu Gowon]]. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder [[Afrik]], ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.<ref name=":314">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":145">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref> Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.<ref name=":313">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam: Aminu Kano|publisher=Brill Reference Online|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|edition=3rd|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref> ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam: Aminu Kano|publisher=Brill Reference Online|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|edition=3rd|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e [[Lislaam]], baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali [[Kano]]. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, [[Usman dan Fodio]], sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji , waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde [[Kano]].<ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 274 <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to ''Emir'' [[Kano]] e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195382075_3|title=Dictionary of African biography|date=2012|publisher=Oxford; New York : Oxford University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|editor-last=Akyeampong|editor-first=Emmanuel K.|pages=290|editor-last2=Jr.|editor-first2=Henry Louis Gates}}</ref><ref name=":43">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref><ref name=":142">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.<ref name=":143">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 100 <ref>{{Citation|last=Gwadabe|first=Maude Rabi'u|title=Tarihin Malam Aminu Kano|date=25 December 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhsV76d9kco|access-date=2024-01-03|publisher=[[Media Trust|Aminiya Trust]]|language=ha}}</ref> Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,<ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref> o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.<ref name=":62">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 41–43 <ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Jack|first=Homer A.|date=1959|title=Malam Aminu Kano: A Profile|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4184021|journal=Africa Today|volume=6|issue=4|pages=6–10|jstor=4184021|issn=0001-9887}}</ref>: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 276 <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] e oon sahaa.<ref name=":144">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal [[Kano]] (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, [[Kano]]), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi<ref name=":22">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hempstone|first=Smith|url=http://archive.org/details/newafrica0000hemp|title=The new Africa|date=1961|publisher=London, Faber and Faber|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 276 [<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 243 == Golle jannginde == Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]] e hitaande 1940, Aminu suɓii ko janngude ko fayti e sariya, wonaa rewde laawol banndiraaɓe makko ɓurɓe suɓaade jannginde. Ndeeɗoo suɓngo heewaani sabu ñaawirɗe sharia, ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede e ñaawirɗe paralel to [[Kano]] e nder juulɓe, njaɓaani awokaaji. Yanti heen, nafoore makko e janngude safaara to Angalteer, haɗi mo yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'' e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yaba ''Higher College'', ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko to [[Lagos]] to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fotde duuɓi seeɗa. Kono, sabu jiiɓru almudɓe jokki, gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'' saliima jaɓde Aminu, ganndiraaɗo ardaade seppooji almudɓe. Aminu kadi etinooma naatde e konu e polis kono o saliima e ɗiɗo fof nde tawnoo omo yahra e duuɓi 5, ko ina tolnoo e 100 meeteer, ina famɗi no feewi. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, heewɓe ina njokki e wasiyaade mo yo o jokku golle jannginde kono ko jannginoowo makko ganndal, hono Doktoor R. E. Miller, addani mo ƴettude jannginde e nder golle makko.<ref name=":16">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 60 <ref name=":52">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tate|first=Carolyn|date=1983|title=Review of Old Gods and Young Heroes: The Pearlman Collection of Maya Ceramics|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3335865|journal=African Arts|volume=16|issue=2|pages=86–88|doi=10.2307/3335865|jstor=3335865|issn=0001-9933|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":63">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100 ko hujja Miller Ƴeew, miɗo wasiyoo ma nde naatataa e suudu janngirdu. Hare nde ina jokki, e Almaañnaaɓe ina njahra yeeso e kala fannu, ɗum wonaa huunde nde Hitler waawataa heɓtude leydi Nijeer e nder sahaa gooto. E nder ɗuum, aɗa sokli suuɗnde karallaagal, hol nokku ɓurɗo jannginde ? Ko wonaa cfuum, mi 6eydoto maa tan ko jannginoowo-e-heblo ganndal—gooto e gilli maa mawcfi, wonaa noon?<ref name=":17">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 61 <ref name=":64">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100 E nder jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu halfinaama gure keewɗe ngam waɗde golle janngingol. E hitaande makko ɗiɗmere, o waɗii lebbi joy gooto e maɓɓe fof to [[Bauchi]] e Zaria e lebbi ɗiɗi goɗɗi "njillu duɗe to bannge worgo". Ko e hitaande makko sakkitiinde e heblo makko e hitaande 1942, miijooji makko politik radikaluuji ɓuuɓɗi peeñi. O fuɗɗii winndude e jaayɗe e jaayndeeji seeɗa gonɗi e oon sahaa, ko wayi no ''Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo'' e ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, o ƴelliti nafoore mawnde e politik. Ko e ndee hitaande kadi o winndi deftere makko wiyeteende ‘[[Kano]] les martolin otokaraasi native’, nde o winndi e laamu ''native''.<ref name=":147">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 277 <ref name=":19">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 69–70 Hakkunde joofnirde dumunna makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]], o hawri e [[Sa'adu Zungur]], potnooɗo "waɗde batte e miijo Aminu no feewi".<ref name=":146">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 72 <ref name=":44">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 329 Zungur, ɓurɗo Aminu mawnude e ardiiɗo politik radikal e nder Duɗal Pharma . Aminu ina heewi yeewtidde juutnde e Zungur, ina heewi yillaade galle makko caggal jaŋde. Anndugol maɓɓe fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1935 nde Zungur yilliima [[Kano]], o acci heen miijo duumotoongo e Aminu e miijooji makko radikal e yahrude yeeso. Aminu jokki jokkondirde e Zungur haa ɓe kawri e Zaria.<ref name=":18">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 72 === Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu ummiima [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]], o ƴetti golle jannginoowo tokooso to duɗal hakkundeewal [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]].<ref name=":53">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref> Gollodiiɓe makko e duɗal ngal ko [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] e Yahaya Gusau. Jokkondiral Aminu e Balewa, mo ɓaawo man laati hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] tan, fuɗɗi wakkati ɓe ɗon janngina haa Bauchi. Ko e oon sahaa Balewa rokki mo innde ‘Molotov’, innde Vyacheslav Molotov, hooreejo dowla Sowiyetik. Zungur kadi ummiima [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] e oon sahaa, caggal nde o arti wuro makko sabu rafi ɓuuɓɗo mo o heɓi to Zaria.<ref name=":54">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref>: 84–85 Aminu ina teddiniree no feewi e nder almuɓɓe duɗal ngal. Ɓe keewi hawrude ko e galle makko caggal waktuuji jaŋde ngam yeewtidde e golle goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde. O yuɓɓinta sahaa e sahaa fof pijirlooji e kollirɗe ngam almuɓɓe, sahaa e sahaa fof omo huutoroo golle [[Abubakar Imam|Abubakar Imaam]]. Ngam ɓeydude heen jaŋde makko, o waɗii almuɓɓe makko jime e jimɗi. O woniino kadi e nder renndooji janngooɓe ceertuɗi ko wayi no dingiral, jeewte, e ganndal.<ref name=":110">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 85–86 Jokkondiral makko e almuɓɓe e miijooji makko cemmbinɗi, addani mo waasde yiɗde njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal e jannginooɓe woɗɓe. Heen sahaa gooto, fedde almudɓe ndee fof waɗii seppo sabu geɗe bayɗe no ŋakkeende uniformeeji e kaɓirɗe, ŋakkeende kaalis poos, e ŋakkeende nguura. Almuudo gooto mo yalti, suka hooreejo mo woni miñi Balewa, woni kaaloowo maɓɓe. Almuɓɓe mawɓe ɓee, ina jeyaa e maɓɓe [[Sule Katagum]], ina ardoo almuɓɓe woɗɓe ɓee feewde [[Maiduguri]]. Emir [[Bauchi]] e jannginooɓe heewɓe nanngi ɓe, ina njiɗi haaldude, kono almuɓɓe ɓee ina cemmbina haaldude e Aminu tan. Caggal ɗuum, Aminu ari e Yahya Gusau, o « holliti ɓe wonde wullitaango maɓɓe maa heɓ weeyo no haanirta nii » o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ngartu e cuuɗi maɓɓe. Caggal wiɗto wullitaango ngoo, ngo laaɓtinaama, ɗum addani lomtinande hooreejo duɗal ngal Balewa, "mo feewni bonanndeeji gonɗi ko adii ɗii".<ref name=":111">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 86 === Dental ɓamtaare mawngal Bauchi === E hitaande 1943, Aminu, e wondude e Zungur, Balewa e Gusau, sosi Dental Moƴƴingol [[Bauchi]] (BGIU), ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte ngam ñiŋde politik koloñaal Angalteer e laamu ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref name=":65">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Awa|first=Eme O.|title=Federal Government in Nigeria|publisher=University of California Press|year=1964|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|pages=99}}</ref> 100 tawi Zungur ina joginoo batte nannduɗe e Zanguria, ina gasa tawa ko fedde nde yuɓɓini ɗum e hitaande 1943 Dental ɓamtaare mawnde e nder diiwanuuji worgo (NPGIU).<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Aminu e Zungur mbinndi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe ngam haɓaade politik ‘''directed labour''’ Angalteer, mo ɓe njiyri ko no mbaydi njulaagu mbaylaandi. Nde Angalteer ɗaɓɓi nguura, tinndinoore, e soldateeɓe heewɓe ngam wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, laamuuji koloñaal en mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamuuji leydi ndii ngam ‘’dartina’’ keewal nguura e doole yimɓe. Biritaniya huutoriima no feewi doole kisal ɗe ndarnaaka e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] ngam wallitde konu mum caggal musiibaaji konu mum to Fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo e hitaande 1942.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ekoko|first=A. E.|date=1982|title=Conscript Labour and Tin Mining in Nigeria During the Second World War|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857118|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=11|issue=3/4|pages=66–85|jstor=41857118|issn=0018-2540}}</ref> Gooto e binndanɗe Aminu ɗe siynaaka, ko mawɗo diiwaan oo, hono A J Knott, e nder ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo janngi ɗum, o rewi heen haa BGIU. Ndee yiytunde addani dental ngal fusde, lomtinaa ngal e fedde yeewtere [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] (BDC) walla ''Majalisar Tadi'' ta [[Bauchi]], nde laamuuji koloñaal toppitii. BDC sosaa ko no lowre sankitiinde ngam jeewte udditiiɗe, tawa ina hawra e ‘kala miijooji’.<ref name=":112">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 89 <ref name=":66">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 89 <ref name=":72">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":73">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref>: 423 === Bauchi Yeewtere Cirkel === BDC waɗii jeewte yontere kala, ina noddira yimɓe heewɓe ko wayi no ardiiɓe departemaaji, njuɓɓudi laamu, yeeyooɓe e jannginooɓe. Limre tawtoraaɓe ɓee ɓurii Limre Dental Bauchi ''General Improvement Union'' (BGIU) ɓennungal ngal, ngal dañii moƳƳere ɓurnde welde e rokkude kuulal laamu nguu. Aminu, hono binndoowo, ko kañum halfinaa neldude noddaango e suɓaade toɓɓe ɗe yeewtetee. Ɗeen toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ko ɓamtaare faggudu, demokaraasi, safaara, hare e diine. Nde toɓɓere ndee woni ndimaagu jaayndeeji, Aminu e Zungur teeŋtinii luural e nder politik Angalteer, ɓe mbiyi wonde bannge gooto ɓe ndartinii e ɓe ñaawii e nder keeri daande tan ko jeyaaɓe e amiir en, bannge goɗɗo oo, ɓe cemmbinii e yeeso yimɓe fof miijo e eɓɓoore jeytaare.<ref name=":113">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 89 E nder yeewtere jowitiinde e njiimaandi ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, o wiyi wonde « ndi wuuri ko e faandaare nde ndi fotnoo waɗde » e wonde ndi « njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal ɓurndi huutoraade ndi aduna o meeɗaa anndude ».<ref name=":114">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 90 <ref name=":67">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100: 100: 100 [12]: 100 100: 100: 90 [12]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 e Capha emiraaji mum mbayliima wonti njuɓɓudi ndi Shehu Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo ɗum oo, anniyaaki. Aminu wi'i limngal kaliifa'en ɗon mari haaje tuugaago dow nafuuda naa dow jibinannde, nden boo laamu otokaraasi ɗon luura bee janngirde Annabi Lislaama Muhammadu e Shehu. Balewa, nde tawnoo ko kañum ɓuri Aminu ɓuuɓde, ina daranii no feewi njuɓɓudi laamu ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, ina wiya wonde jogaade sariya e deeƴre ina foti wonde huunde himmunde ngam tabitinde tuugnorgal ɗo peeje yiɗaaɗe mbaawi waɗeede e dow mum. Zungur, leeso e nder jonnde ndee, e jaabtaade Balewa, winndi hujjaaji mum e nder ɓataake mo Aminu yettini e dingiral yeewtere ndee e nder jonnde aroore ndee. E nder ndeeɗoo ɓataake, o semmbini hujjaaji Aminu ɗii, o ɓeydi heen seeɗa e hujjaaji makko.[10]: 90 O wiyi Balewa yo ƴeewto no o dañiri "miijo bonngo" ngam daɗndude laamu nguu, o ɓeydi heen : Suɓagol elite gutter mum [Native Authority] waɗaaka e dow hakkille walla e mbaawka, kono ko e salaade tan yiɗde ɓiyleydi laaɓtundi. Terɗe fedde laamuyankoore ina njogii wellitaare desperadoes ngam njulaagu, alaa ko ŋakki so wonaa kala ko dañi.[10]: 90 E nder batu goɗɗo, Aminu naamndii Ofisee Knott : « Hol ko woni njoɓdi amiir ? Knott jaabtii wonde ɗum fawii ko e tolno golle makko e teddeendi golle makko. Ndeen Aminu hollitii wonde hay so tawii ina famɗi doosɗe e golle so yerondiraama e Emir Bauchi, Lamido Adamawa ina heɓa njoɓdi ɓurndi heewde. Caggal ngool mbayliigu, batu nguu joofi ko ɗoon e ɗoon. Ɓooytaani, Knott habri wonde BDC ina joofna, o wiyi wonde jeewte ɗee ina ‘njippii e laawol’.[10]: 91 [22]: 423 === Nokku renndo Bauchi === Ngam lomtaade BDC, Aminu e Zungur cosi fedde politik woɗnde, hono nokku renndo Bauchi. Puɗɗagol fotde 20 tergal, batu maɓɓe gadano waɗi ko to defterdu Native Authority, sara galle amiir. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, tawi ina wondi e polis, Balewa ɓadtiima ɓe e ɗaɓɓaande amiir oo, wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ndartu sabu « denndaangal senndikaaji (juɓɓule) ina kaɗaa ». Zungur ndeen wiyi mo yo o haalan amiir oo wonde ɓe njahataa fusde. Caggal nde Balewa yahi, ɓe pelliti yettinde ɓataake to mawɗo politik ngam humpitaade ko waɗi koo, ɓe mbiyi amiir oo ina tooña hakkeeji maɓɓe.[10]: 91–92 Balɗe tati caggal ɗuum, terɗe fedde ndee noddaama ngam jokkondirde e amiir oo. Amiir oo salii yamirde yo ɓe ndartu, o wiyi o haɗii ɓe tan huutoraade « masiŋaaji binndol e gollorɗe defterdu Native Authority ». Hay so Balewa wulliima wonde o yettinii konngol ngol o rokkaa ngol no haanirta nii, Zungur ina heppi huutoraade ngalɗoo luural, haala kaa jokkaani haa jooni, fedde ndee jaɓii kuulal ngal amiir oo ƴetti ngal. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, mawɗo gooto ina wiyee Mallam Waziri, rokki ɓe huutoraade suudu makko ndu alaa ɗo haaɗi ngam waɗde batuuji, so tawii ko kamɓe njuɓɓini ɗum. Ɓe kawri kaalis maɓɓe ɓe ndarni ɗum.[10]: 93 Ɓooytaani, laamu Angalteer rokki Aminu gooto e bursiiji jeeɗiɗi ngam janngude to Angalteer fuɗɗoraade lewru suwee 1946, ko o... jaɓaama.[8]: 276 [10]: 97 [14] [23]: 154 === Londres === E nder duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde to Londres, Aminu naatii e golle yimɓe hono Harold Laski, George Bernard Shaw, e Karl Mannheim, ɓe janngirɗe mum en ngoni « iwdi miijooji Aminu keewɗi e renndo aadee moƴƴo ». O jokkondiri e yimɓe e pelle keewɗe bannge nano to Londres, ina jeyaa heen lannda Sosiyaalist Labour, Fedde Sosiyaalist janngooɓe, e Sosiyaalist sukaaɓe, o hawri e sehilaaɓe e won e terɗe parlemaa bannge nano e "ardiiɓe toowɓe" pelle kominist kadi.[39]25 ko ɗum addani ardiiɓe politik gollotooɓe e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Aneurin Bevan e Fenner Brockway Caggal nde o feeñnini ɗeen miijooji e batte, Aminu etinooma hawrude e filosofiiji politik adanɗi rewooɓe Farayse e Amerik e sosiyaalisma Shavian Fabian e janngirɗe Usman dan Fodio, tawi fof ko e les njiimaandi miijooji radikal Sa’adu Zungur. O seedtii kadi ñalngu nguu e nder hareeji jeytaare leydi Indiya e leydi Pakistaan ​​rewrude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Aminu, e wondude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe e leyɗeele koloniiji Biritaan en ceertuɗe, jaɓɓiima Ali Jinnah e Jawaharlal Nehru, ardiiɓe dille jeytaare Pakistaan ​​e Inndo, e nder njillu maɓɓe to Londres e hitaande 1947. Ɗee geɗe ina gasa tawa ko ɗe addani mo yiɗde sifaa hare Gandhi.[10]:02]1 E nder jaŋde makko, Aminu jannginii e duɗe leslese nokku oo, o waɗii jonte e nder ladde Galles, o woniino koɗo fedde Young Farmers’ Club. Ngam yoɓde njillu makko ngu o fotnoo waɗde e nder laddeeji Angalteer, o ƴetti golle firo ɗemngal Hausa e nder sosiyetee jaayndeeji Angalteer (BBC). Ko o sikkaano, o noddaama ngam wonde nulaaɗo to Jamboree Boy Scout winndereejo to Rosny, addani mo yahde Orop e njoɓdi ustaandi. Ko adii nde o yahata Farayse, denndaangal fedde « boy scout » yilliima galle laamorɗo Buckingham. Aminu ɗon hulna yi'ugo laamiiɗo e laamiiɗo debbo ɗon yewta e ɗon hawta bee sukaaɓe ɓen ko ɗum feerootiri masin bee no laamu lesdi Biritaniya ɗon mari haaje haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndee luural addi mo miijo, o firti ɗum ko maande ŋakkere laamu koloñaal jogorngu arde.[10]: 102–103 [14] === Fedde jannginooɓe worgo === E lewru marse 1948,[27] nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Londres, Aminu sosi Fedde Wellitaare Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange (caggal ɗuum Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange), fedde adannde e nder diiwaan hee e senngo gollotooɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer,[8]: 276 [28][29]: along the otherers from Sali 169 [30]: 66 Senngo ngo ina jokki e haalde ko fayti e geɗe bayɗe no hakkeeji e wellitaare jannginooɓe, ceergal hakkunde diine e wellitaare jannginooɓe e Fuɗnaange e bus moƴƴo sy jannginooɓe nder Duɗe Misiyon Kirista'en ngam nastugo nder kawtal.[10]: 101-102 [12]: 91 [31]: 258 Senngo ngoo mawnii no feewi, ina joginoo fotde 200 tergal e lewru mum adanndu[32] e 25 cazeele e nder hitaande mum adannde, caggal mum ina jogii batte e nder pelle ngenndiije diiwaan oo, garnooze caggal mum.[29]: 41 te [33]: 356 jokki golle e nder worgo Naajeeriya haa is kawtal bee kawtal jannginooɓe Naajeeriya, kawtal jannginooɓe ɓurdungal mawnugo nder fombina Naajeeriya, nder hitaande 1972.[34]: 260 === Hoto ngartu e Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko e hitaande 1948, Aminu arti Bauchi ngam fuɗɗaade golle makko janngingol to duɗal hakkundeewal Bauchi. Lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum o artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi.[10]: 110 E nder oon sahaa, Sir John MacPherson, guwerneer keso toɗɗaaɗo leydi Najeriya, ina jokki e waɗde njillu e nder diiwaan hee. O fotnoo ko njillu e gure mawɗe Fuɗnaange, kono o yaltini Bauchi. Aminu e Zungur cikkatnoo ko ndeeɗoo feere ko huunde nde Guwerneer oo e wasiyaaji mum mbaɗi ngam haɗde haɓaade radikal en wuro ngoo e doggol ɗaɓɓaande mum en e wullitaango mum en. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ɓadtii Emir Bauchi, ɓe kolliti mo peeje laamu nguu ngam haɗde domen makko, ɓe mbiyi ko sabu baasal duɗe Bauchi, laabi e faggudu. Ɓe keɓii faamnude mo yo ɓe njaɓ yuɓɓinde seppo mawngo ngam salaade ko Guwerneer oo waɗi koo. Ndee ɗoo hiirde mawnde, nde woni ko adii fof e nder Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, hawri ko e ujunere neɗɗo.[10]: 110–111 Aminu, e oon sahaa ko jannginoowo tokooso haa jooni, noddaama to Kaduna ngam hawritde e A J Knott (ofisiyee diiwaan yuɓɓinnooɗo BDC e hitaande 1943), jooni ko hooreejo laamu nguu, e Sir MacPherson. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, guwerneer oo, e wiyde Aminu, ina wiyee : A hollitii wonde aɗa sikki min njiɗi ko jogaade Fuɗnaange caggal, Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange peccii—aɗa yiɗi min njaha mbele leydi maa ina heɓa jeytaare. Aan ko a gorko ummoriiɗo e galle Kano teeŋtuɗo, suka, keewɗo ruuhu, kono aɗa foti anndude wonde min njiɗaa haɗde waylooji e haɗde leydi ndii yahrude yeeso.[10]: 115 Knott jokki e humpitaade Aminu wonde ɓe ngoni ko e waɗde hakkillaaji maɓɓe e ƴattooje makko e laamu nguu, o wiyi "min njiɗii no feewi worɓe hono maa, ardiiɓe leydi maa". Ɓe ndokki mo darnde nde addanta mo ƴeewtaade e tawtoreede "taƴre kaalis laamu" walla hay so tawii ko gardiiɗo jaaynde Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo. Caggal nde o arti Bauchi, Aminu, caggal nde o ƴeewtindii ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande, o yeewtidi e Zungur e woɗɓe, o wiyi wonde ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande ko etaade laamu nguu ustude golle maɓɓe daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee. Ndeen noon, Aminu salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, o humpitii Knott e MacPherson wonde o ɓuri yiɗde ko heddaade e jannginoowo.[12]: 101 O salii kadi caggal ɗuum golle jannginoowo e ɗemngal Hausa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford.[10]: 115–119 Kono, lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum, e nder golle maɓɓe jokkuɗe ngam sarde radikal en Bauchi, laamu Angalteer artiri Aminu to Maru to Sokoto, toɗɗii mo hooreejo duɗal jannginooɓe kesal mahaaɗo.[10]: 116 [35]: 72 === Sokotoo === Sokoto wonnoo ko laamorgo Kalifaandi Sokoto e teeminannde 19ɓiire, sosaa ko e jihaadi Usmaan dan Fodio. Kalifaajo man ɗon mari ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya nden ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder amiir'en ɗon mari haaje hokkugo Sultan Sokoto.[36] Caggal nde Angalteer koloni dowla oo e nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, Sokoto wonti diiwaan, darnde Sultan ustii ; amiiruuji keddiiɗi ɗii njaabtiima laamu Angalteer, nattii jaabtaade Sultan. Kono tan, nde jokki e wonde nokku ɗo laamu aadaaji e diineeji ngoni e nder diiwaan hee. Ndeen noon, nde hiisaama ko taƴre ɓurnde ɓuuɓde e Fuɗnaange ɓuuɓnde no feewi.[10]: 118 Maru (jooni ko Maru, diiwaan Zamfara), wuro e nder diiwaan hee, ina joginoo 8 256 neɗɗo e hitaande 1964.[37] Ina laaɓi wonde yahdu Aminu e Maru wonaa tan ngam woɗɗinde mo e Zungur kono kadi ngam seerndude mo e haɗde mo golle makko. Nde o ari, o etiima sosde dingiral yeewtere kono yimɓe jannguɓe ina pamɗi e sara makko kadi wuro mawngo ɓurngo ɓadaade Maru ina woɗɗi 35 kiloomeeteer, "dow laabi kulɓiniiɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi". Sultan oo, hono Siddiq Abubakar III, ina ƴeewndotoo mo kadi, hono no Aminu yiytiri ɗum caggal ɗuum nii. O anndi mawɗo mo o hokkata sadakaaji wakkati fuu, o ɗonno ƴama Sultan nder asaweeje ɗuuɗɗe nder jooɗorde maako haa Maru.[10]: 118–120 E nder dumunna mo o woni e Maru oo fof, Aminu tawi ko e nder hareeji ɗi o meeɗaa waɗde e Sultan. Fuɗɗorii ko nde Aminu riiwti Yan Labari, walla ƴoƴɓe Sultan, caggal nde o ari. Caggal mum, o neldi ɓataake wullitaango feewde e laamuuji Angalteer, o wiyi wonde kaalis potɗo huutoreede ngam remooɓe ɓee, ɓe leydi mum en huutortee ngam waɗde duɗal ngal, yettaaki ɓe.[12]: 101 Luural goɗngal ummii ko nde Aminu e Abubakar Gumi, gollodiiɗo Grander ca Aminust mo worgo Nijeer e al later Feere Qadiriyya-Tijaniyya nder diiwal ngal nde ɓe haɗi almudɓe maɓɓe yahdugo juulde Jumaare ngam haala wuutugo imaam. E wiyde ɗiɗo ɓee, liimam Maru ina waɗa tayammum, ko huunde nde rewnaaka so ndiyam potɗam wuɗde ina famɗi, hay so tawii noon ndiyam ina ŋakki e Maru. Komisiyoŋ wiɗto mo Sultan oo sosi, yaltinii Gumi, o wiyi Sultan oo yo o waɗ heen hoore makko e nder Maru ngam dartinde golle tayammum. Ko fayti e wasiyaaji komisiyoŋ oo, Sultan salii ɗooftaade ɗum, salii riiwtude Limaam oo.[10]: 120–127 [38] Oon sahaa, Aminu ina renndini jokkondire moƴƴe e Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna Sokoto, joginooɗo luural e Sultan. Nde ñaawirde Sultan ñaawi Bello sabu mum bonnude njoɓdi jangali (‘joɓdi jawdi’) e hitaande 1943, Aminu rokki feccere mawnde e njoɓdi jannginoowo Bauchi mum e kaalis defansiyoŋ Bello. Nde Aminu woni jooni e Maru, Bello yi’i mo ko no sehil potɗo haɓtaade Sultan. Bello ina heewi yillaade Aminu to Maru, e nder njillu Aminu to Sokoto ngam waɗde batu doosgal leydi, o jooɗii ko e galle Bello. E nder ooɗoo sahaa, Sultan oo noddii Aminu noddaango keeriiɗo, ina gasa tawa ina ɗaɓɓa nanondiral. O ɗaɓɓiri batu 2ɓo subaka, kono nde o anndi Aminu haalanii Bello ndee noddaango, Sultan oo mettini heen no feewi, o woppi batu nguu.[10]: 124–125 === Koolol yimɓe Fuɗnaange === Sabu nafooje senngo jannginooɓe Aminu, worɓe jannguɓe woɗɓe teskinaaɓe e nder diiwaan hee ɓadtiima mo ko fayti e sosde fedde nanndunde e ndee. E nder darorɗe hitaande 1948, pelle ceertuɗe to Zaria, Kaduna e Bauchi kawri ngam sosde Jam’iyyar Mutanen Arewa walla Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC). E lewru suwee 1949, batu udditgol fedde ndee yuɓɓinaama to otel Green’s to Kaduna, fotde 500 neɗɗo tawtoraama. Terɗe sosɗe ɗee ko Dr. R. A. B. Dikko, Yahaya Gusau, Abubakar Imam (rewtinoowo Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo), Yuusuf Maitama Sule, Aliyu Mai Bornu, Aminu Kano, Isa Wali (ɓiɗɗo mawniiko Aminu) e Sa’adu Zungur, mo wonnoo koolaaɗo kuuɓal fedde NC Ca Naajeeriya wakkati.[10]: 111 [33]: 358 [39]: 75 E batu mum gadano e lewru desaambar 1949, ardiiɓe kongres oo, hono Dikko e Gusau, kollitii wonde kongres oo yiɗaa foolde laamu koloñaal e aristokraasi, tee : Jam'iyyar anniyaaki ƴettude laamu laamɓe men Natural; ko wonaa ɗuum koo, ko yiɗde amen tiiɗnde ɓeydude ngalɗoo laamu kala nde waawi wonde e kala ɗo waawi wonde. Eɗen njiɗi wallude laamɓe men Natural e nder golle mum en no haanirta nii...Eɗen njiɗi wallude ɓe e yaynaade Talakawa [yimɓe ɓooyɓe].[33]: 358 [39]: 75 Ofisee diiwaan gooto, gardinooɗo Hoɗɓe Kano, jeertinii tawtoraaɓe ɓee wonde ɓe mbaawataa addude peeje ɗe ɓe njiɗi tan so ɓe njaltii "seese e hakkille" e wonde "neɗɗo ina foti janngude yahde hade mum dogde". Aminu jaabiima e naamnaade mo yo o humpit mawɓe makko wonde : So en njahii koyɗe en njahrataa ko, en ndogat. Kadi so en njippiima, en ƴettat koye men, en ndoga kadi. Kono maande, min njahataa e koyɗe. Aɗa waawi wiyde min njaha e gelooɗi, walla puccu, kono hay min njuppataa e oto mo min njaha e laana ndiwoowa. Kadi Biritaan en ina poti haɗde en suɓaade laabi men yah-ngartaa, hay so tawii noon ko yaawi.[10]: 121–122 [12]: 93 Laamɓe Fuɗnaange heewɓe, ko wayi no Sultan, Amir Kano e Amir Zaria, njaɓii ngool jikku ‘harmless’ e ‘deferential’ kongres oo. Kono tan, terɗe tokoose hono Maitama, Aminu, e Zungur ina cikkatnoo wonde kongres oo ina yaaji no feewi e emiiruuji ɗii e laamuuji Angalteer ɗii fof, ina teeŋtina haaju mum e peewnugol politik to Fuɗnaange. E joofnirde e lewru ut 1950, won e terɗe NPC radikal en to Kano sosi Dental Jamiyar Neman Sawaba, lannda politik gadano bayyinaango e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer.[12]: 94 NEPU ina joginoo semmbe e Zungur, radikal en peeñɗi Fedde.[33]: 359 Ɓe njoginoo ballal Aminu, mo waawaano naatde e lannda ka e oon sahaa nde tawnoo omo gollina laamu haa jooni, o waawaano naatde e lannda politik e peeñcu.[10]: 123 [12]: 94 === Deƴƴere === Aminu rokki ɓataake mum deƴƴere ñalnde 16 oktoobar 1950, o ummii Maru haa laaɓi ñalnde 4 noowammbar e ndeen hitaande. Sheek Usmaan Bida, mo Aminu wonnoo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, e Sule Katagum, Wazirin Katagum, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe cikki ko o doole ngam woppude laamu. Kanko Aminu, o miijotonoo ko ndeeɗoo feere gila e lewru abriil ndeen hitaande. Nde cukko hooreejo jaŋde to bannge worgo jeertini mo wonde o toɗɗaaka so o jokkii e golle makko politik, Aminu winndi e nder deftere makko, "Ko noon ne kadi, ko ɗuum woni caɗeele makko. Miin ko mi woppu golle haa hitaande aroore."[10]: 129 Winndannde nde Aminu winndi, ina hollita sabaabu mum deƴƴere, yaltinaa e jaaynde wiyeteende Daily Comet ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1950 : Mi woppii golle sabu mi saliima goongɗinde wonde ndii leydi ko kasoo e nder laamuuji Angalteer-Fulani—mi woppii golle sabu miɗo wondi e miijo wonde laamuuji ngenndiiji ɗii ... ina njogii yaakaare no feewi e safrude caɗeele men jaŋde, renndo, faggudu, politik walla hay diine—My hared stay in England and my all above... jojjanɗe aadee ɗe aduna o haɓata e fasisma—mi hulɓinaama laabi ɗiɗi e ƴiye ɗe ngalaa yurmeende... tawi ko saraaji ɗii fof ina njuɓɓina fenaande, laamu bonngu, bluff politik, maccuɗaagu les garb goɗɗo, nepotism ɓuuɓɗo, tippudi, baasal...retention mo alaa ko nafata e faggudu canmedkei e...exploration faggudu muñan ɗee geɗe sabu uurngol mum en bonngol...miɗo hebli noddireede kala innde. Noddu am koyɗol walla noddu am rewolison; noddu am kulɓiniiɗo walla kala ko oo laamu imperiyaalisma yiɗi. Mi yi’i annoore e dow ŋoral toowngal, miɗo anniya yahde e nder taarik mum timmuɗo, tawa ko miin tan walla e kala jiɗɗo yahdude e am. E ɓeeɗoo suppitooɓe leñol men, mbiɗo wiya ɗum nii: Look Out! Afrik ko mawɗo ɗaaniiɗo nattii! O woni tan ko e diwde e ŋoral...?"[10]: 129-130 [26]: 243 [25]: 541 == Golle politik == === Ko adii jeytaare (1950—1959) === Nepotism, baasal e nder njuumri mum, ñawu, maccungaagu e les njiimaandi goɗɗo, tooñannge e majjere nde alaa hersa, ina keewi no feewi no waynoo ko adii gargol imperiyaalisma e nder teeminannde 19ɓiire. Ƴellitaare walla toɗɗagol worɓe ɓe nganndaa janngude, sukaaɓe walla ɓaleeɓe, e jappeere laamu toownde ko heewi ko ngam aksidaa jibinannde tan walla ngam « ɓadtaade naafigaagal » wonaa tan ngam ittude ɓesngu nguu hakkillaaji mum en e eɓɓooji mum en kono kadi ko seede hollirde wonde ndeeɗoo otokaraasi yuɓɓo ko replica native premedilam to the British momtude. — E nder ƴeewndo Aminu e hitaande 1953, Dr. Walter Miller winndi "Mbele en ŋakkiraama e nder leydi Najeriya?"[40] Caggal nde o woppi laamu, Aminu arti Kano, o naati e lannda « Northern Elements Progressive Union » (NEPU) e dow laawol.[12]: 101 Paandaale lannda ka cifaaɗe ɗee ina njeyaa heen « ndimaagu talakawa » (yimɓe) rewrude e « peewnugol politik e nder laamuuji otokaraasi hannde ɗii ». E nder batu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaandeejo Kongres Leƴƴi Fuɗnaange (NPC) e lewru desaambar 1950, kuulal NEPU, ngal Aminu winndi, noddii nde NPC bayyinaa wonde "lannda politik ngenndiyaŋke laaɓtuɗo".[12]: 95 It became political up to party, It became political up to party demokaraasi leydi ndii.[9]: 359–360 Kono tan, amiiruuji doole e "won e ofiseeji njuɓɓudi" ina njiyri NPC ko fedde jogiinde miijooji radikal kulɓiniiɗi. Kuutoragol terɗe terɗe moƳƳere e konservatiif ummii, e kulol wonde NPC, so yiytaama no radikal nii, ina waawi haɓaade ngam wonde lannda ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange. Terɗe NPC keewɗe ina ndartini yaltude e fedde nde so tawii terɗe NEPU ɗee njaltinaaka.[12]: 95–96 Shehu Shagari, hono hooreejo fedde NPC nde sukaaɓe Sokoto, hokkaama yamiroore ngam salaade kala ɗaɓɓaande Aminu e Zungur ngam heɓde darnde ardorde e nder batu Jos NPC mo hitaande 1950. Shagari, e laawol mum feewde batu nguu, hawri e Aminu e Zungur e nder oto, humpitii ɓe ndeeɗoo yamiroore. O wiyi wonde Aminu, nde nani ɗum, o hirjinii mo « huutoraade mandat mo ndokkaa-mi oo » o hollitii mo kadi jokkude sehilaagal maɓɓe e teddungal maɓɓe.[30]: 68–69 [41]: 25 Ko ɗum waɗi, NEPC, ƴettuɗo hoore mum, yalti e N lannda.[10]: 140-141 [41]: 25-33 Aminu tawtoraama daawal wooteeji gadani e wooteeji parlemaa gadani e lewru suwee 1951 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji to bannge worgo. Lannda makko, NEPU, heɓi nafoore e 12 e nder 26 jooɗorɗe dokkaaɗe ngam wuro Kano, ɓuri lanndaaji tati keddiiɗi ɗii, ina heen ardiiɓe njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii, tawi ko kam en fof njogii jooɗorɗe jeegom.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 kanndidaaji cakkitiiɗi ɗi kolees to gese suudu sarɗiiji rewrude e woote sirlu. Ɗeeɗoo koleesuuji, tawi ina mbaɗi pelle tokoose, heen gooto fof waɗii teemedde keewɗe woote walla ko ɓuri ɗum.[12]: 29 Hay so tawii NEPU ina joginoo nafoore e daawal gadanal ngal, Aminu ina famɗi no feewi e golle woote cakkitiiɗe ɗee, heɓi 16 woote e nder 68 woote, tee hay gooto e NEPU secuɓe e nder 68 woote Asammbele, wonnoo ko kolees woote wonande suudu sarɗiiji. Terɗe NEPU nayi, puɗɗiiɗe heɓde nafoore e daawal hakkundeewal, tawi ina kaɓa e kanndidaaji ɗi ɓe keɓi ko adii ɗuum, ummoriiɗi e laamu leydi ndii e nder daawal gadanal ngal.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 Sabu batte wooteeji ɗii, ko ɗum woni ko Biritaannaaɓe njiyri wonde laamu Biritaannaaɓe e laamu nguu njuɓɓudi woote ɓurndi welde e laamu ngenndi,[12]: 30 [14][42]: 78–79 e "ko heewi e terɗe cuɓaaɗe ɗee ngonti daraniiɓe nafooje mum". wonde Aminu dañii woote ɗee nde tawnoo "ina waawi ittude heen mettere e nder njuɓɓudi Aminu" e wonde "[Fuɗnaange Nijeer] ina haani denndaangal worɓe waawɓe mooftude, e mbaawka Aminu alaa ko waawi naamneede".[43]: 225 Seppo mawngo "15,000 NExtayer souls [PU] yuɓɓinaa keeɓal. Lannda kaa yuɓɓinii wooteeji njuɓɓudi ngam hollitde wonde wooteeji toowɗi ina mbaawi waɗeede e nder njuɓɓudi. NEPU dañii dañde kaalis keewɗo ngam neldude Aminu to Angalteer « ngam ñaawde haala mum en yeeso Parlemaa Angalteer e yimɓe fof ». E ballal Thomas Hodgkin e John Collins, Aminu dañii hawrude e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji, depiteeji Fabian, e jaagorgal leydi Angalteer. Laamu Native Authority jaabtii ɗum e ƴattaade e uddude terɗe NEPU e nder Kano, teeŋti noon e ƴattaade Gambo Sawaba, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe, gardiiɗo fedde rewɓe NEPU. NPC, hannde woni lannda politik ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange, huutoriima kadi ‘fedde jom en hakkillaaji en’, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko Yan Mahaukata (‘yimɓe majjuɓe’) walla Jam’iyyar Mahaukata (‘Lanndaaji majjuɓe’), ngam ustude terɗe lanndaaji politik goɗɗi to Kano, haa teeŋti noon e terɗe NEPU. Gaagaa sosde fedde wiyeteende Positive Action Wing (PAW) ngam haɓaade ɗeen bonanndeeji, won terɗe parlemaa Angalteer, ko wayi no Fenner Brockway, mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamu koloñaal ngam haɗde golle bonɗe ɗee. PAW fusi haa jooni e hitaande 1954 nde wonnoo ko kañum ɓuri Yan Mahaukata doolnude. Sabu darnde makko toownde e nder lannda kaa, Aminu ina reeni no feewi e fitinaaji ɓalli ɗi terɗe NEPU keddiiɗe ɗee mbaɗata.[48]: 137 Kono Aminu ina joginoo nanngugol keewngol e juuɗe laamu leydi ndii. Teskaama e nder kampaañ woote fedde ndee e hitaande 1954, o ñaawaa laabi ɗiɗi. Arano oo, ko ngam fiyde lefol NEPU e dow oto makko to wuro Kano—golle ɗe aadaaji mum en mbaɗata ko Emir Kano e hoɗɓe e leydi Angalteer. Ɗiɗaɓere, ngam yaltinde binndanɗe ɗe o tuumaa ko ‘anniya fenaande’, ɗum addani mo balɗe tati kasoo wonande gadano oo, e njoɓdi £50 wonande ɗiɗaɓo oo.[12]: 364 [49]: 91 E nder haala goɗɗa, o tuumaama e bidsee, fedde Kamairu e fedde mallasi. Tuumeede ndee ina tuugnii e miijo wonde ɓoornaade butoŋ Sawaba mo terɗe NEPU mbaɗi oo, ko huunde nde wonaa lislaam, tee NEPU ina tuumaa ina gollondira e Kerecee’en ngam haɓaade ardiiɓe diineeji Fuɗnaange. E wondude e wasiyaaji makko Danladi e Lawan Dambazau, Aminu feeñii e yeeso diiso Emir to Kano ngam ƴeewtaade ɗeen tuume. E fawaade e teddeendi tuume ɗee, kanko e wasiyaaji cifaaɗi ɗii « mbaɗii wujjude neɗɗo jogorɗo maayde (rites cakkitiiɗi) ». E nder batu nguu, Aminu hollitii wonde diiso amiir oo wonaa renndo jeewte, yeewtere ndee ina foti waɗeede heen seeɗa, caggal ɗuum haalanee amiir oo. Ɗum nanondiraama, batu ɗiɗaɓo yuɓɓinaama. E nder ndee ɗoo kawral ɗiɗaɓal, Aminu wiyi wonde kawtal NEPU e Kawtal ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC) wonaa ko luutndii janngirɗe lislaam sabu hay Muhammadu meeɗii waɗde kawtal defannde e yahuud en saraaji Madiina. O wiyi kadi ko ɓooyaani koo, kanko Emir Kano, o jokkondirii e inɗeele Igbo Kerecee'en ngam golloraade Juulirde mawnde Kano e kitaale 1950. To bannge butoŋ Sawaba, Aminu naamndii so tawii kadi ko ɗum huunde nde wonaa lislaam nde won e amiiruuji ɓoornii medal « Ordre britannique de Saint-George ». Haa jooni nanondiral waɗii, terɗe NEPU ina mbaawi ɓoornaade tan ko baaji lannda e nder seppooji mawɗi.[10]: 149–151 Aminu suɓaama hooreejo NEPU e batu tataɓo hitaande 1953, o lomtii Abba Maikwaru. Hitaande fawtii heen, lannda ka waɗi kawtal e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e leydi Kameruun (NCNC) mo Nnamdi Azikiwe. E nder wooteeji diiwaan 1956, Aminu ina haɓa e diiwaan Kano Fuɗnaange. O fooli woote ɗe Ahmadu Dantata, gooto nder Naajeeriya'en ɓurduɓe alɗugo, ronooɓe laamu filu Dantata.[9]: 333 Suɓol ngol, ngol waɗaama dow ko laarani suɓol worɓe yoɓooɓe ceede, ngol timmini bee Dantata heɓugo woote 2,119 dow Aminu 776. [12]: 328 haa 329 [50]. Suɓol mawngol leydi Naajeeriya ngol hitaande 1959 waɗii huunde mawnde, sibu ko ngol woni wooteeji gadani ɗi wooteeji laaɓtuɗi mbaɗata e kala diiwaan. Aminu, gonɗo e les njiimaandi NEPU-NCNC, kadi ƴaañii e wooteeji Kano Fuɗnaange, o heɓi 60,4% e wooteeji ɗii, o heɓi jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii.[12]: 374 [35]: 370 E nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o toɗɗaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii Hooreejo Goomu Alliance ngam geɗe caggal leydi e ina wiyee o saliima toɗɗagol jaagorde nde tawnoo o miijii ko <nowiki>''</nowiki>ina fotnoo<nowiki>''</nowiki> jaɓde jappeere "jogiinde teddungal e doole" tawi fotde 2 000 neɗɗo ina ngondi e lannda makko e nder... kasoo.[10]: 187 [12]: 374 [51]: 630 === Republiik gadano (1960-1966) === Ƴeew kadi: Republiik Najeriya gadano Ko o depitee, Aminu ƴetti hakkille mum e geɗe ngenndiije e winndereyankooje jowitiiɗe e leydi Najeriya keso ndi, tawi omo jokki e faandaare makko mawnde, hono rimɗinde talakawa. E nder suudu nduu, o hollitii laabi keewɗi ngam wallitde e yaawnude golle leydi ndii ngam haɓaade koloñaal. To bannge politik caggal leydi Nijeer, Aminu ko daraniiɗo pan-Afrik, o wiyi wonde Nijeer ina foti wonde "base hare ngam haɓaade njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe".[52] O tiiɗnii e tiiɗnaare ngam Naajeeriya ɓeyda ballal mum e golle haɓaade apartaayd e nder Afrik worgo, o hirjinii kadi jokkude golle Naajeeriya ngam artirde "jam e ndimaagu e nder leydi Konngo".[10]: 188 [53][54][55] Toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya (ONU) Balewa, gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo makko ummoriiɗo Bauchi, Aminu ina famɗi radikal so en ƴeewtindiima golle makko nokkuyankooje. E nder laamu makko to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, haa teeŋti noon e geɗe winndereyankooje, o jokkondirii e « ƴellitaare e ƴellitaare jeertinaande ». Ko o pan-Afriknaajo cemmbinɗo, o daraniima darnde nde aldaa e paltoor ngam Nijeer, o goongɗini sabaabu ‘dipolomasi mo aldaa e paltoor’.[10]: 189–191 [56]: 29–31 E nder laamu Aminu e nder suudu sarɗiiji to Lagos, njuɓɓudi NEPU ɓeydiima saɗtude. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1961, Joseph Tarka, hooreejo fedde wiyeteende “Congrès du Moyen Belt” (UMBC), ƴetti konngol ngam waɗde nanondiral hakkunde NEPU e lannda mum ngam sosde fedde tiiɗnde ngam haɓaade NPC to Fuɗnaange. Kono sarɗi oo ko yo NEPU wallit faandaare UMBC sosde dowla keeriiɗo mo Middle Belt. So tawii Aminu yiyii nafooje potɗe heɓde e kawtal ngal, o saliima sabu jokkondiral UMBC e fedde Action Group (AG). O firti eɓɓaande ndee ko eɓɓoore nde AG waɗi ngam taƴde jokkondiral NCNC e NEPU, luulndo maɓɓe ɓurngo mawnude to bannge worgo. Hay so tawii won terɗe NEPU ina luulndii ɗum, eɓɓaande UMBC ndee heɓiino weltaare, tee jaɓgol Aminu ngol ina jokkondiri e ñiŋooje. Ko NEPU waɗi e wooteeji 1961 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, ɗo ɓe keɓi jooɗorde wootere tan, ɓeydi heen ŋakkeende kisal nder lannda kaa.[10]: 196 [12]: 421 [57]: 183 de6poer Laamu diiwaan oo ko Emir Kano. Aminu tuumi Ahmadu Bello, hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, hooreejo NPC, woni ɓaawo limngal limngal. O renndini postooji e propagandeeji ƴettuɗi ko nanndi e luural daartol hakkunde Sokoto e Kano. Sanusi lomtii ko Muhammadu Inuwa mawɗo, jokkondirɗo e Aminu. Waɗooɓe Sanusi mbaɗi lannda yimɓe Kano (KPP), ngam yiɗde gartugol makko walla ɓiyiiko Ado Sanusi ƴetta laamu. KPP hawri e NEPU, hay so tawii noon alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa artirde Sanusi. NPC, ngam etaade hisnude ballal to Kano, noddii ballal mum yo salmin Emir keso oo. Caggal nde wallidiiɓe NEPU ndartinaa e batu nguu, ɓe njuɓɓini batu ɓurngu mawnude ñalnde heen, tawi ko 35 000 neɗɗo tawtoraama, ɗo Amir jaɓɓii ɓe no moƴƴi. Inuwa maayi ñalnde heen caggal ndeeɗoo kawral, Bello, ngam haɗde jiiɓru ɓeydaade, toɗɗii Ado Bayero, miñiiko Sanusi, ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Senegaal, ngam lomtaade mo. Deƴƴere Sanusi ndee waɗii batte keewɗe e ballal NEPU to Kano, ɓeydi kadi jiiɓru hakkunde Kano e Sokoto, haa teeŋti noon e nder banndiraaɓe suufiyankooɓe Tijanniyya e Qadriyya. Hay so tawii Aminu heddiima e kala banndiraagal suufiyanke, o faami nafoore maɓɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o huutorii luural ngal ngam yahrude yeeso nafooje NEPU. E nder kampaañiji wooteeji Fedde nde 1964, Aminu yilliima Sheek Ibrahim Niass, hooreejo Tijanni mawɗo, to Kaolack ko ɗum waɗi fotooje Aminu ina keɓa barkeeji e Sheek ina cirƴa to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya: 182, 10: 200-206, 57: 290, 170-183 === 1964 Woote kuuɓtodinɗe === Ƴeew kadi: Fiilde hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1964 Caggal nde UMBC joofni jokkondiral mum e Fedde Golle, NEPU e UMBC cosi Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare worgo (NPF), tawi faandaare mum ko « feccude diiwaan worgo gooto, ngam rokkude daande laaɓtunde pelle ɓurɗe famɗude ». KPP e pelle tokoose goɗɗe naati e NPF, ina ɗaminii sosde dowla Kano keeriiɗo, keeriiɗo. Nde leydi ndii ɓadtii woote, diiwanuuji tati ɗii fof ina njogii jiiɓru mawndu e tuumeede fenaande. To Kano, Aminu, hooreejo NEPU, hawri e Ibrahim Gashash, hooreejo lannda NPC, ngam ustude fitinaaji potɗi waɗeede e nanondiral e njuɓɓudi wooteeji. Gashash jaɓii waawnude ardiiɓe lannda mum ngam haɗde hareeji ƴiiƴam "kono fof alaa ko nafi". Ñalnde 28 desaambar, balɗe ɗiɗi tan ko adii woote ɗee, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Azikiwe, wiyi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Balewa, yo jokku woote ɗee fotde lebbi jeegom sabu ɓeydagol jiiɓru, o ɗaɓɓiri kadi ƴeewndo ONU. Balewa salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, wiyi ko ɗum yalti e mbaawka makko. Hooreejo Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, tawi naamnaaki terɗe goɗɗe, kadi woppii ɗum. Ko ɗum addani tato e nder jeegom terɗe komisiyoŋ oo woppude golle. Tooñanngeeji ɗi njiy-ɗen ɗii e fenaande tuumaande ndee ina addana kanndidaaji e lanndaaji keewɗi ustude woote ɗee, ɗum noon ko njeñtudi ‘lopsided’. Aminu dañii diiwaan mum to Kano Fuɗnaange e kanndidaa NPC, Mahmud Dantata, ɓiy Alhassan Dantata e gonnooɗo tergal NEPU, Dantata heɓi 1 700 woote e Aminu 690 e nder 40 000 wootooɓe potɓe suɓaade.[8]: 312:10] Caggal woote ɗee, Aminu e goomu gollordu hakkundeejo NEPU yuɓɓinii batu ngam restrategize. "Deftere daneere dow caɗeele siyaasaaku ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari" winndaama ngam hollugo, nde ɗon laara darnde NEPU nden ɗon hokka limngal njuɓɓudi. Ndeeɗoo batu ko mawnde e nder daartol lannda kaa, tawi ko depiteeji ummoriiɗi e teemedde cafrirɗe e nder Fuɗnaange fof tawtoraama. Ina jeyaa e toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ɗee, mbaawka hawrude e denndaangal lanndaaji politik luulndo to bannge worgo, sosde « lannda ngenndiijo kuuɓtodinɗo », sosde dowlaaji kesi, sosde ballal bursi. Koolol ngol kadi addani Diɗɗal Dowla Kano (KSM) fuɗɗaade, tawi ina waɗi NEPU, KPP, e won e terɗe NPC luulndiiɗe laamu. Ñalnde 14 abriil 1965, batu mawngu yuɓɓinaama ngam udditde KSM, tawi ko gooto e jamaanu ɓurngu mawnude e daartol politik Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Ahmadu Trader, sehil Aminu ɓooyɗo, toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi ndi gadano, Aminu woni jaagorgal mum to bannge politik.[10]: 213–215 Faandaare KSM adannde ko sosde dowla Kano ceertuɗo.[8]: 271 E hitaande 1965, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa toɗɗii Aminu yo won nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Aminu woni wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya haa kawtal lesɗe duuniyaaru dow filu e ɓamtaare nder hitaande 1965. Nde o arti e golle ONU, ñalnde 6 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Aminu ummii Lagos fayde Kano ngam tawtoreede batu NEPU, ɗo yeewtere laabi restrategie jokki. Nde o ari Kano, Aminu humpitaama rewrude e Abubakar Gumi, mawɗo Khadi (Mawɗo Ñaawirde) diiwaan Fuɗnaange e gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Aminu to Maru, ko fayti e batu sirlu ngu Ahmadu Bello yuɓɓini, gonnooɗo e oon sahaa to Makka. Joɗnde ndee fotnoo ko waɗde hakkunde maɓɓe tato, nde fotnoo ko ñalnde 16 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. Kono, ko adii nde joɗnde ndee waɗata, Bello waraa ko ñalnde 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. So tawii anniyaaji Bello e batu nguu ina keddii e laaɓde sabu maayde makko e sahaa mum, miijo Gumi ko wonde ina gasa tawa o woni ko e ƴeewtaade tolno njiimaandi e nder Fuɗnaange, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e nanondiral woote ngam wooteeji Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange garooji ɗii.[10]:21 === Laamu konu (1966—1979) === Hakkunde 14 e 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966, soldateeɓe murtuɓe konu Naajeeriya e gardagol Kaduna Nzeogwu e woɗɓe nayo mbarii Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe marɓe semmbe ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe Naajeeriya, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna mo Naajeeriya worgo Sokoto e Ardiiɗo lesdi hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeeɗoo eɓɓaande kuudetaa umminii dille luulndiiɗe kuudetaa e nder konu nguu, tawi ko Ofisee Seneraal Komanda, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ardii ɗum, dañii ustude kuudetaa oo. Caggal kuudetaa mo ronki, ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa, Aguiyi-Ironsi ƴetti golle hooreejo leydi, ardii laamu konu gadano leydi Nijeer.[58]: 63 === Laamu Ironsi === Ƴeew kadi: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1966 Hay so tawii banndiraaɓe makko NEPU ina njogii hoolaare, sibu ina cikka ina mbaawi heblude ŋakkeende politik nde kuudetaa oo heddinoo, Aminu ɓadtiima laamu Ironsi e hakkille. E lomtaade lannda makko, o neldi laamu nguu telegaraam « hakkilantaagal » , o woppii juulde kono o hollitii yaakaare makko wonde laamu Ironsi ina waawi renndinde ngenndi ndii, ina yahra yeeso e demokaraasi. Ironsi yaawi wontude mo yiɗaa e nder diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange sabu mum waasde jogaade darnde e darnde politik ɗeen diiwanuuji, o ɓuri yiɗde ko amiir en e mawɓe e nokkuuji mum en . Ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe politik e nder njuɓɓudi kesiri ndii ko Guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi, jooni ko kamɓe ngoni wasiyaaji guwerneeruuji konu. Ngonka kesa ka to Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii nanndude e laamu ɓooyngu nguu, ngu koloñaal en Angalteer mbaɗi, ngu ɓeydi heen njiyaagu e laamu nguu, haa teeŋti noon e nder dingiral radikal en. Lebbi tati e nder laamu makko, Aminu ina jokki e yeewtidde e Joseph Tarka e Maitama Sule ko fayti e ko ɓe njiyri "kuulal gootal wonande leydi Nijeer".[8]: 332–333 [25]: 380–381 Hedde sahaa ndeeɗoo batu, Ironsi jaɓi haa jooni jokkondirde e Aminu. Aminu hollitii caɗeele ɗe Fuɗnaange jogori dañde, o holliti heen peeje. Ironsi noon, wayi ko no alaa ko nafi, ko ɗum waɗi, darnde Aminu ndee « alaa ko nafi ». Caggal ɗuum, Aminu tuugnii ko e Ado Bayero, laamɗo Kano, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni hooreejo leydi ndii, ngam yettinde miijooji mum cemmbinɗi ɗii to Kumanndaa mawɗo oo.[10]: 222–223 E lewru mee, Ironsi yaltinii "Decree dental" luulndiiɗo, momtuɗo diiwanuuji Nijeer, lomtiniri ɗum "pelle diiwanuuji". Yanti heen, Dekere oo renndini ko sarwisaaji siwil ɗi diiwaanuuji ɗii mbaɗnoo ko adii ɗuum. O ɓeydi heen momtude denndaangal lanndaaji politik e pelle pinal ngam yiɗde haɓaade ‘tribalism’. Anndinoore Decree ndee ɓeydii jiiɓru e nder Fuɗnaange, ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e pelle eliteeji ɗii njiyri ko ɓeydaade woɗɗitaade laamu nguu to Lagos. Ɓe cikki wonde Dekere oo yeewtidaaka e maɓɓe no haanirta nii, tee ina waɗi sarɗiiji "ɗi moƴƴaani e maɓɓe".[25]: 647 To Kano, fotde teemedde ɗiɗi almuudo, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ummorii ko e duɗal Abdullahi Bayeron, duɗal Rumfa, e duɗal janngirɗe aarabeeɓe, yuɓɓini seppooji ɗi Kaverlino de Aarabeeɓe mbinndi Guwerneer diiwal worgo leydi ndi hono Hassan Katsina. Ñalnde heen, fitinaaji mbaɗi e nder wuro ngo, fitinaaji ɗii mbaɗii e njulaagu Igbo en, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 100 haa 200 neɗɗo maayi heen, tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen ko Igbo en kono kadi ina heen woɗɓe nanngaaɓe e fitinaaji ɗii. Ñaawirde sosaa ngam ƴeewtaade fitinaaji ɗii, gardiiɗo mayre ko Sir Lionel Brett, ñaawoowo Angalteer to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Nijeer. Ñaawirde Sir Brett meeɗaa ƴettude ñaawoore mum nde laamu Ironsi joofi caggal nde o waraa ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966 E lewru sulyee, Ironsi yuɓɓinii batu e amiiruuji e mawɓe leydi ndii ɓurɓe waawde to Ibadan. E nder kawral ngal, o yamiri ɓe yimde jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗin, o holli anniya maako ngam waɗuki ɓe darnde haa lesdi Naajeeriya bana no guwerneeruuji sooja'en, miijo ngo ɗon mari ƴamol, Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero wurti diga kawtal ngal. Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1966, kuudetaa gardinooɗo ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii, ɗum addani Ironsi waraa to Ibadan.[25]: 385 Ñalnde 1 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Lietnaa-Kolonel Yakubu Gowon toɗɗaa Sustelit be hooreejo leydi caggal nde) ƴettude yamiroore.[25]: 52 === Laamu Gowon (1966—1975) === Ƴeew kadi: 1966 Kuudetaa Nijeer Toɗɗagol Gowon, Kerecee’en worgo, jeyaaɗo e leñol tokosol, hooreejo leydi, ko huunde nde SMC waɗi ngam haɗde kuuɓtodinɓe worgo, e gardagol Lietnaa-Kolonel Murtala Muhammed, seertude e republique. Gowon woppi ko ɓuri heewde e kasooji politik nanngaaɓe e laamu Ironsi, ina jeyaa heen Obafemi Awolowo, politik Yorubaajo mawɗo mo diiwaan Hirnaange. O woppi kadi kuulal denndinngal luulndiingal ngal, o artiri diiwanuuji nay ɗi limtaa ko adii ɗuum. Yanti heen, Gowon yuɓɓinii batu wakili’en diiwaan ngam ƴettude kuule doosɗe kese, anndiraaɗe goomu doosɗe Ad Hoc. Aminu e Joseph Tarka ina njeyaa e wakili'en diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder batu nguu. Depiteeji ɗii fof e batu nguu, so wonaa Fuɗnaange-rewo, ina mballita e miijo laamu fedde tiiɗngu tuugiiɗo e dowlaaji tokoosi.[25]: 52 Ɗoon e ɗoon, caggal nde Gowon anndinaa toɗɗagol mum, Aminu wallitii e yuɓɓinde jeewte e "ardiiɓe miijo" Fuɗnaange to Kaduna, tawi ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe laamu e politikaaji Republique gadano. Yeewtere ndee rewi ko e njiimaandi laamu kesu nguu, tawi ko binndanɗe yeewtere ƴettaaɗe, peeñninaama ngam ƴeewtaade, waylude, walla salaade fedde ndee. Ko adii noddaango goomu ad hoc Gowon, fedde yeewtere ndee yeewtidii e toɓɓere dowlaaji kesi, Aminu suɓaama ngam ardaade goomu nguu. Aminu woni wakiliijo fedde Kaduna nder kawtal Ad Hoc to Lagos, ɓe hokki wasiyaaji maɓɓe ngam sosde lesɗe 12 haa 14, 7 ngam Fuunaange, 5 ngam Fuunaange. Kono, e joofnirde, batu nguu feccii dowlaaji ɗii no fotiri, 6 wonande Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange fof. E nder lebbi ɗiɗi gadani laamu Gowon, Aminu waɗii e makko batuuji tati ceertuɗi. Aranndeere nden hawti bee delegaasiyon yimɓe sappo diga Fuunaange, ɗiɗaɓre nden bana tergal Goomu Ad Hoc, kawtal tataɓal ngal hawti bee Aminu nder goomu jowi yimɓe Fuunaange, ardii ɗum Sir Kashim Ibrahim, gonnooɗo siyaasaaku NPC e Governor siwil cakkitiiɗo dow convened Northern Naajeeriya, ardii ɗum laamu fedde tiiɗnde e ngootaagu ngenndi.[10]: 237–241 Nde wonnoo Fuɗnaange ina jokki e wallitde laamu fedde tiiɗnde, caggal nde Gowon heɓi nafoore mum e delegaasiyoŋ Ibraahiima, e Hirnaange kadi ina jokki e wallitde caggal nde mawɗo Awolowo haa jooni "ardi" e miijo ngoo, ko diiwaan Fuɗnaange tan heddii e luulndaade. Igbo en ɓurɓe heewde Fuɗnaange ina njoginoo ŋakkeende hoolaare e laamu nguu, ina gasa tawa ko sabu fitinaaji "pogrom-like" ɗi ɓe muñnoo ko juuti caggal kuudetaa lewru sulyee, ɗi soldateeɓe fenaande yiɗɓe yoɓde kuudetaa lewru janvier mbaɗi. E nder winndannde makko ñalnde 4 oktoobar 1966, Aminu winnditii "Ko ɓuri mettude e muñal konu. Jaawgol e golle ina ɗaɓɓi. Fuɗnaange ina woni e laawol seertude." E nder etaade yaawnude gartugol laamu siwil, Aminu ɓadtiima ardiiɓe Goomu Ad Hoc, Awolowo (Hirnaange), Kashim Ibrahiima (Fuɗnaange), Anthony Enahoro (Caka Hirnaange) e ‘Eni’ (Fuɗnaange), ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal ngam sosde laamu joofngu. Kono tan, darnde makko taƴaa ko e ɓuuɓri fitinaaji to Fuɗnaange.[10]: 240–241 [25]: 52–53 E nder geɗe tati mawɗe baɗnooɗe e fitinaaji mawɗi e hitaande 1966, ko e lewru oktoobar "ko ɓuri heewde e maayɗeele".[25]: 131 fitinaaji ɗii ko soldateeɓe Fuɗnaange e wuyɓe nokkuuji ɗii mbaɗi ɗum en, teeŋti noon e yan daba to Kano. Ko ɗum waɗi Igbo en heewɓe hoɗɓe e Fuɗnaange ndogi njalti Fuɗnaange ngam yiylaade kisal. Caggal nde ɓe muñi warngooji goɗɗi, diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo salii hootde e batuuji Ad Hoc.[25]: 52–56 [58]: 134–138 E joofnirde fitinaaji ɗii, "Ibo en fof ndogi Fuɗnaange, Hausa en Fuɗnaange". Diwgol mawngol fotde miliyoŋ Fuɗnaange addani faggudu Fuɗnaange ɓadtaade. Jaltugol ɗoon e ɗoon binnditagol, karallaagal, njulaagu, e gollotooɓe laamu, ina metti faggudu diiwaan oo no feewi, sibu sarwisaaji ɗii mbaawii tan ko heɓtude fotde 40% e tolnooji ko adii kuudetaa oo, yontereeji jeegom caggal ɗuum. Ngam wallude e safrude ndeeɗoo caɗeele, Aminu sosi Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Kano (anndiraa hannde Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Aminu Kano). Hassan Katsina, guwerneer militeer'en lesdi Fuunaange, jaɓi wallugo ngam yaawnugo kuugal ngal, Maitama Sule hokki saare maako bana nokkuure arandeere nde janngirde nde'e woni. Ina jeyaa e yimɓe woɗɓe wallitɓe eɓɓaande ndee, Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero, Aminu Dantata, Sani Gezawa, Inuwa Wada, e Tanko Yakasai. Aminu e hoore mum rokkii eɓɓaande ndee 250 mbuuɗu, tawi darnde mum fof ina tolnoo e 4 000 mbuuɗu. Aminu woni hooreejo duɗal ngal haa o maayi e hitaande 1983. Gooto e almuɓɓe duɗal ngal ɓurɓe teskinde ko Aliko Dangote, Afriknaajo ɓurɗo alɗude.[59][60] E fuɗɗoode lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Diiso Toowngo Konu (SMC) yuɓɓinii batu to Aburi, Ganaa, ngu daartoowo biyeteeɗo Max Siollun siftini wonde "diisnondiral doosgal daartol, ngal nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni sabaabu renndo e politik leydi Nijeer".[58]:-153 Batu nguu ɓuri waawde tawtoreede ko Ljukdum Ojuklo. Guwerneer Militeer Fuɗnaange, baɗɗo miijooji keewɗi. E nder ɗeen miijooji, ɓurɗi teeŋtude heen ko wonde diiwanuuji ɗii ina poti jaɓde kala kuule jowitiiɗe e mum en e ko fayi arde, tawa kadi denndaangal kuule gonɗe heen ɗee, luulndiiɗe ndeeɗoo feere, ina poti momteede. Ɗeeɗoo miijooji, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ƴaañde ndimaagu diiwaan oo, keɓii nanondiral gootal hakkunde denndaangal lanndaaji SMC. Kono nde Gowon arti Lagos, "gollotooɓe laamu makko ina mbeltii e luggiɗde e ballal makko e Ojukwu". Ndeen noon, nanondiral Aburi ngal meeɗaa huutoreede, ɗum addani jokkondiral hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde ndee ɓeydaade bonde.[25]: 56–57 [58]: 151–159 Nde ɗum jokki, Aminu; Yuusuf Tarka, hooreejo UMBC; Aliyu Makaman Bida, politik NPC ɓurɗo mawnude e wuurde ; e Umaru Dikko, hono binndoowo maɓɓe, ina njillondiri e Fuɗnaange ngam humpitaade yimɓe ɓee geɗe jooni ɗee, ko ɓuri teeŋtude kadi, ngam haɗde jeewte seertude e Fedde ndee. Jaɓɓungal ngal ina waɗi jeewte jamaanu e jokkondirde e amiiruuji e mawɓe diiwaan oo.[30]: 136 Ɓooytaani caggal njillu nguu, Aminu majjii ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Isa Wali e lewru feebariyee, baaba mum majjii e lewru mee.[10]: 246–250 [25]: Ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 1967, Gowon habri feccugol leydi Nijeer e dowlaaji sappo e ɗiɗi. Ko ɗum huunde nde leƴƴi pamari ɗi diiwanuuji nay mumtuɗi ɗii mawnini no feewi.[25]: 390 [61] Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii (FEC) sosaa ngam golloraade e les njiimaandi Diiso Toowngo Konu. FEC ina waɗi jooɗaniiɓe siwil en toɗɗaaɓe e nder kala diiwaan, ina poti wonde junngo njuɓɓudi laamu nguu. Aminu toɗɗaama ngam laataago wakiliijo lesdi Kano, o hokkaama darnde Komisinaajo Fedde nde'e ngam jokkirli.[10]: 253–254 === Hare nder leydi (1967-1970) === Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Balɗe tati caggal feccere diiwanuuji ɗii, Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko Republique de Biafra.[25]: 390 Caggal nde laamu nguu fooli eɓɓooji mum e "action police", Military-Government jaabtii e blockades. Caggal ɗuum, konu Biafran yani, heɓti laamu dowla hakkundeejo hirnaange (Bendel), ɗum addani Gowon bayyinde wolde.[58]: 162 E nder wolde ndee fof, Aminu ina jokki e wonde tergal FEC. O ardii goomu soodgol kaɓirɗe, tawi ina waɗi yah-ngartaa keewɗo e nder winndere ndee, haa arti noon e Orop, Amerik, Dental Sowiyet, e Afrik worgo, ngam kaaldigal e nanondiral kaɓirɗe.[62][63][64][4] E lewru mee 1968, Aminu tawtoraama yeewtere jam hakkunde Nijeer e Biafra yuɓɓinaande to Kampala, Uganndaa, hitaande wootere caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele. Chinua Achebe, winndiyanke Naajeeriya mawɗo, tawtoraama kadi yeewtere nde e nder delegaasiyoŋ Biafran. Ngolɗoo batu ko ngol woni go’o ko Achebe ina hawra e Aminu, o siftini : Miɗo siftora no feewi nde njiy-mi Aminu Kano mo delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya ina jooɗii yeeso ina ndaara mette no feewi. Ɗum ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri tiiɗde e ko gorko oo waɗi e am, so en ƴeewtindiima yimɓe hono mawɗo Enahoro mo wonnoo gardiiɗo delegaasiyoŋ oo ina ƴattondiri e jaaltaaɓe, haa arti noon e Asika. Aminu Kano wayi ko no seertuɗo nii; goonga noon, omo wayi no omo ndaara e nder windo. Nde gollodiiɓe makko ina kaala mawnikinaare e 6uu6ol e 6uu6ol men, Aminu Kano ina dee/i, ina 6uu6too.[65]: 138 Oo ko gorko mo weltaaki e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof walla no haala kaa yahrata. Ndeen pottital waɗii e am maande nde momtataa e Aminu Kano, e jikku makko e hakkille makko.[66] Aminu ɓadtiima hare ndee wonaa hare hakkunde leñol Igbo walla Diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɓooyɗo, kono ko hare seertude. E nder konngol makko ngol o haali e janngooɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abdullahi Bayero to Kano e lewru feebariyee 1970, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe, e laamu nguu, yo ɓe peewnu no haanirta nii ngam gartugol Biafranaaɓe. Aminu teeŋtinii : Ina woodi caɗeele naatgol Ibo en. Ɓe ngummii ko feccere mawnde e ndii leydi, ko heewi e ko ɓe ngummii ko koɗdiiɗo nokku oo ƴetti ɗum. Hol ko ɓe poti waɗde? Ɗum ina waɗi nafoore nde tawnoo eɗen kaɓa e maɓɓe ngam heddaade e leydi Nijeer. Min ɗon wi'a, "A waawataa yahugo. A foti heddaago Naajeeriya." So ɓe ngartii, mbele aɗa waawi haɗde ɓe jogaade geɗe walla leydi ? A waawaa waɗde noon. Hol no Ibo common waawirta ƴettude ɗuum? Ɓe mbiyi: “Min njiɗi ko yahde.” Min mbi'i, "Aa'a, sey a hedda haa lesdi Naajeeriya." Ɓe mbi'a: “Jooni min ngartii.” Hol ko mbaɗaten? Ko ɗeen ngoni caɗeele potɗe dañeede. Wonaa caɗeele koyɗe. Wonataa wiyde koɗorɗe to Sabon Gari, koɗorɗe to Tudun Wada, koɗorɗe to Kaduna ina toppitie. Mbele ɓe ngartat? E nder njulaagu maɓɓe? E yiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ngam jooɗaade e leydi Naajeeriya? Ɓiɓɓe men worɓe e rewɓe heewɓe njahii maayii e innde kawtal ngam haɓaade Ibos en e nder leydi Najeriya. Mbele aɗa waawi ostracize ɓe jooni? A waawaa. Hol ko njahataa waɗde? Hol ko woni porogaraam mon? Aɗa foti fuɗɗoraade peewnugol gila jooni. Heewaani ot wiyde, "Oh eey, eɓe ngarta."[8]: 356 === Reformeeji e nder diiwaan Kano === E nder diiwaan Kano keso oo, wonno ko limtooji ɗiɗi laamu ngenndi e sahaa laamu Gowon. Ɓeen ngoni Audu Bako, guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan Kano, e Aminu, komisariyaajo siwil e tergal FEC.[8]: 339 Reformeeji keewɗi mbaɗaama e nder Dowla oo, haa teeŋti noon e to bannge Emiraaji. Ñaawirɗe alkali ɓooyɗe ɗee lomtinaama ñaawirɗe nokkuuji, ñaawirde amiir oo fusi. Polis fedde nde e polis emiraaji ɗii kawri, mbaɗtaa e les njiimaandi komisariyaajo polis, toɗɗaaɗo e laamu fedde ndee. Diiwanuuji Emiraaji ɗii ndenndinaama e nokkuuji 8 njuɓɓudi, heen gooto fof ina jogii ofisee diiwaan toɗɗaaɗo, gardiiɗo binndoowo guwerneer militeer. Laamu ngenndi lomtinaama e laamu nokkuyankeewu (LGA), tawi ɓuri heen heewde ko Diiso Emiraaji e Goomu kuuɓtodinngu. Diiso Emiraaji ina waɗi tergal 40 tawi ko amiir woni hooreejo mum. Fotde tataɓe ɗiɗi e terɗe diiso ngoo ko nulaaɓe diiwanuuji, cuɓaama e woote. Diiso ngoo fof ko guwerneer militeer en toɗɗii ɗum e fuɗɗoode.[8]: 341–351 Hay so tawii doole amiir oo ustaama to Kano, haa teeŋti noon e fannu ñaawoore, omo jogii haa hannde doole keewɗe to bannge LGA. O joginoo ko mbaawka toɗɗaade denndaangal ardiiɓe diiwanuuji ɗii, omo waawi kadi waɗde heen geɗe kuuɓtodinɗe e doosɗe leydi e nder denndaangal tolnooji. Bako hollitii geɗe mum tati politik jowitiiɗe e peeje : hisnude geɗe ɓurɗe moƴƴude e laamu emiraaji gaadanteeji to Kano, ɓamtude wonɓe e laamu nguu e ɓesngu nguu rewrude e wakilaagu ; e waɗde ko tiiɗi e haɗooɓe laamu nguu. Hay so tawii Aminu haalaani e yeeso yimɓe fof ɗeen peeje, o anndaaka no feewi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe peeje. Heewɓe e miijooji makko gadani ko fayti e ustude laamu emiraaji ina mbaawi yiyeede e njuɓɓudi kesiri Dowla Kano, miijooji makko e ittude leydi e doole ñaawoore e nder emiraaji ina nganndaa no feewi.[8]: 341–351 [4] Bako ina wayi no toɗɗiima komisariyaaji makko tuugiiɗi e Aminud6. === Laamu Muhammadu (1975—1976) e laamu Obasanjo (1976—1979) === Caggal nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele joofi, o heɓi golle Komiseriyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Cellal e hitaande 1971. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa laamu fuɗɗii e dow Gowon, tawi Gowon ina lomtoo leydi Nijeer e batu 12ɓo Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik to Kampala. Murtala Muhammadu anndinaama hooreejo leydi e juuɗe kuudetaa en ñalnde 30 sulyee 1975.[58]: 175–183 Muhammadu waraa e kuudetaa mo ronkaama hitaande caggal ɗuum, lomtii mo ko cukko makko, hono Olusegun Obasanjo:[5]. Ko adii maayde makko, Muhammadu sosi Goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi (CDC) halfinaaɗo ƴettude doosɗe leydi kese ngam heblude laamu siwil. E lewru ut 1976, Obasanjo habri sosde Asaambele doosɗe ngam ƴeewtaade eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndi CDC feewni. Wooteeji ngam suɓaade Asaambele ngenndi mbaɗaama, kanndidaaji ɗii cuɓaama e Komiseer Fiilngo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FEDECO) keso oo. Aminu suɓaama, o suɓaama e dow jam.[4] Asaambele oo waɗii batuuji hakkunde oktoobar 1977 e lewru suwee 1978. Eɓɓaande doosgal Asaambele ndee yettinaama e Diiso Toowngo Konu e lewru ut. Caggal nde SMC jaɓi waylooji 17 eɓɓaande ndee, doosgal kesal ngal hollitaama e lewru suwee 1978.[68] "Haɗeede politik" kadi ustaama e oon ñalawma gooto, Naajeeriyankooɓe cemmbinaama ngam sosde lanndaaji politik ngam heblude wooteeji hitaande aroore ndee.[69]: 16 === Ndenndaandi ɗiɗaɓiri (1979—1983) === Caggal nde Seneraal Muhammadu hollitii peeje mum ngam artirde laamu siwil e hitaande 1979, Aminu yettini jokkondiral mum ngam sosde fedde politik. O jokki kadi e jokkondiral e pelle janngooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala.[69]: 50 Aminu caggal mum naati e fedde politik wiyeteende Mouvement National nde wonnoo ko yimɓe mawɓe, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange. Fedde ndee ko lomto toŋngoode fedde yeewtere Kaduna sosaande caggal kuudetaa 1966 mo joofni Republique gadano oo. Fedde ndee waɗii batuuji sirlu e nder ooɗoo sahaa fof, haa arti noon e noddirde yimɓe politik mawɓe to bannge worgo leydi ndii ngam « sosde lannda ngenndiijo goonga ». Caggal nde haɗeede politik ustaa e lewru suwee 1978, lomto mum, hono lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN), sosaa.[30]: 206–207 [69]: 57–58 === Sosde PRP === Ñalnde heen ko adii udditgol NPN kono, Aminu yalti fedde nde ngam sosde, ina waɗa batu to Yaba, Lagos. NPN yaawi neldude Joseph Tarka e Inuwa Wada (koɗo mawniiko) ngam waawnude mo yo o hoot. Aminu jaɓi neldude wallidiiɓe joy to udditgol ngol nde o jokki e joɗnde makko, o meeɗaa hootde to NPN.[30]: 207 Sabaabuuji laaɓtuɗi gaddanɗi Aminu yaltude NPN ina keddii, kono ina woodi miijooji ceertuɗi ceertuɗi. E wiyde Shehu Shagari, tergal gadanal e nder NPN, caggal ɗuum kanndidaa gooto e lannda kaa, batu nguu, ko adii nde laamu nguu fuɗɗotoo, hollitii wonde won terɗe goomu toppitiingu nguu ina poti jogaade golle keertiiɗe e nder dumunna. Aminu ko mawɗo Adisa Akinloye suɓi ɗum ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe. Kono, o suɓiima ɗoon e ɗoon Tanko Yakasai, gonnooɗo tergal NEPU mo o miijii ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo moƴƴude e oon darnde nde tawnoo omo jogii humpito jowitiingo e ɗuum. NPN hollitii wonde miijo Akinloye ngoo addani Aminu woppude laamu nde tawnoo ina sikkaa ko « tooñde darnde makko ngenndiire ». Shagari siftinii ndee firo ko "deduction plausible kono ko feewti e majjere".[30]: 207 PRP caggal ɗuum wiyi wonde ndee firo ko fenaande sabu darnde ndee ina waawi rokkude Aminu "plateforme moƴƴo ngam mahngo natal".[69]: 58–59 Yiyngo ngoɗngo e haala kaa ummii ko e sehilaaɓe politik Aminu, haa teeŋti noon e Kano, ko wayi no Lawan Dambazau, Lili Gabari, Dauda Dangalan, e Sabo Bakin Zuwo. E wiyde maɓɓe, nde o anndi Aminu saliima hootde to NPN, Aminu Dantata yaawi yahde Kano, o noddi batu to galle makko e yimɓe heewɓe teeŋtuɓe, ina heen jom en njulaagu, politik, gollotooɓe laamu, e annduɓe ummoriiɓe Kano. Faandaare ndeeɗoo hawriinde ko yiylaade laabi ngam waawde waawnude Aminu ngam nanondirde e NPN. Tawtoraaɓe heewɓe mbaɗti yeewtidde e haala kaa, e wiyde mo yo o hawru e lannda kaa. Dr. Ibrahim Datti Ahmed, gonnooɗo hooreejo-General Diisnondiral toowngal ngam Sharia e nder leydi Nijeer, o rokkaama fartaŋŋe haalde, e wiyde Dambazau, "o ñaawii Mallam Aminu no gaño worgo; gaño juɓɓule aadaaji; gaño mo, theNP ɓe mbaawaano". Dambazau teskiima hay gooto daranaaki Aminu, etaade haɗde Datti e nder haala mum. Caggal haala Datti, Aminu fawi hoore mum, batu nguu jippii e jiiɓru, ɗum addani ngu jokkude haa janngo mum.[41]: 59–60 Aminu rafi ko adii batu garoowo, o woni e leeso balɗe. E nder rafi makko, wallidiiɓe Aminu ummoriiɓe nokkuuji ceertuɗi e nder leydi ndii, ina jeyaa heen Balarabe Muusa (mo Kaduna), A.D Yahya, Ananobi (mo Port Harcourt), B.K. Benson (ummo Lagos), e Dandatti Abdulkadir, Dahiru Liman, e Dambazau (kamɓe fof ummiiɓe Kano), kawri to Kano ngam yeewtidde e makko e geɗe garooje ɗe o jogori rewde.[41]: 60–62 Waɗooɓe Aminu yuɓɓinii batu mawngu, caggal ɗuum ɓe inniri ɗum Taron Rami, firti ko "batu diƴƴe". Tawaaɓe e ndeeɗoo batu ciftinii wonde Aminu ina tooña, ina hormaa NPN e terɗe mum, ɗum addani mo ƴettude kuulal ngam sosde lannda mum politik. Wowooɓe e hiirde nde ko Dambazau, Usmaan Nagado, e Abuubakar Rimi. Hay so tawii o rafii e leeso, Aminu neldi nulaaɓe e nder ngenndi ndii ngam jokkondirde e wallidiiɓe makko e wondiiɓe makko ngam yeewtidde e golle garooje ɗee. Caggal jaabawuuli moƴƴi, o sosi goomu ngam lelnude golle lannda kaa. Lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP) udditaa to Kaduna ñalnde 21 oktoobar 1978, tawi ina noddira senndikaaji radikal en, artisaneeɓe, remooɓe, jannginooɓe yahruɓe yeeso, jaayndiyankooɓe, winndooɓe, e wonnooɓe terɗe NEPU e nder renndo mum. Terɗe lannda ka arandeeji tedduɗi ina mbaɗi yimɓe mawɓe e nder leydi ndii kala, ko wayi no Sam Ikoku, Abubakar Rimi, Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Yusufu Bala Usman, Umaru Musa Yar’Adua, Sule Lamido, Ghali Umar Na’Abba, Sabo Bakin Zuke, Michael Im Udditgol ngol e lewru Oktoobar ina wiyee addani "yimɓe heewɓe ɓe ngoongɗinaaka e nder kala fannu nguurndam."[41]: 62–65 [69]: 56–58 === 1979 suɓol leydi Najeriya === Winndannde mawnde: Suɓngo hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1979 Wooteeji mbaɗaama hakkunde 7 lewru juko e 11 lewru bowte hitaande 1979. Ko lanndaaji joy tan mbaawi tawtoreede ɗeen wooteeji, so wonaa NPN e PRP, tati keddiiɗi ɗii ko Awolowo ardii lannda ngootaagu leydi Najeriya (UPN), Azikiwe ardii lannda yimɓe leydi Najeriya (NPP), e lannda leñol Nijeer (NPP), e lannda leñol Najeriya mawɗo ( Wahirid People's Party). NPC ko politik. Suɓol ngol woni arandewol ngol waɗaama nder duuɓi 15, ngol woni arandewol nder Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya ngol rewɓe ɗon mari haaje tawtoreede. Aminu suɓaama ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP, kono FEDECO salii mo yamiroore ngam tawtoreede woote sabu ŋakkeende to bannge njoɓdi, o ɗaɓɓiraa ko yo o rokku « hujjaaji ɓurɗi laaɓtude ». Aminu salii yoɓde kala ko yowitii e njoɓdi ndi wonaa njoɓdi ndi ɓe ndokki Naajeeriya fof tawa ko e njoɓdi. O laɓɓinaama haa jooni ɓaawo bayyinaango ñaawirdu yalti ngam wallitde Aminu wiyde o waasaani yoɓde njoɓdi.[70][71] Ina ɓeydoo laaɓtude wonde NPN ina « jogori heɓde laamu » nde wooteeji ɗii njahrata yeeso. Caggal nde lannda kaa heɓi nafoore mawnde e wooteeji Asaambele ngenndi, lanndaaji tawtoraaɗi ɗii puɗɗii eɓɓude e sosde nanondiral. Ñalnde 28 sulyee, lanndaaji tati e nder lanndaaji joy ɗii — woni UPN, NPP, e GNPP — kawri to Lagos ngam waɗde fedde ngam haɓaade NPN. PRP noddaama ngam naatde e ndee fedde kono jaabaaki.[72] Ko nanndi e ɗuum, ko NPN ƴetti e PRP rewrude e Shehu Shagari, kanndidaa NPN ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi. E nder deftere makko, o wiyi o waɗii ndee eɓɓaande ko nde Aminu woni e etaade heɓde FEDECO ngam laaɓtinde mo. O etinooma faamnude Aminu yo yaltu e woote gardagol leydi « nde tawnoo enen ɗiɗo fof eɗen nganndi fartaŋŋe makko ina ŋakki ». E nder ɗuum, PRP ina waawi ɓurde tiiɗnaade e wooteeji goɗɗi ɗii, e « tawtoreede laamu fedde NPN ». E wiyde Shagari, Aminu jaɓii kono ko e sarɗiiji ɗiɗi : maa o yeewtid e terɗe lannda makko, o ɗaɓɓa yamiroore, kadi o luulnda kuulal ngal FEDECO ƴetti e ñaawirdu ngam « daranaade innde makko moƴƴere ». Aminu laɓɓinaama ñalnde 1 ut 1979, waktuuji seeɗa ko adii lajal toɗɗagol hooreejo leydi. O ummiima Kano o fayti Lagos ñalnde heen ngam waɗde kaayitaaji makko to FEDECO. Ɗum addani Shagari wiyde wonde PRP jaɓaani nanondiral maɓɓe ngal.[30]: 225 [73][74]: 90 Woote hooreleydaagu baɗnooɗe ñalnde 11 ut, Aminu heɓi tan ko e nder diiwaan mum Kano, ɗo o dañi 76% e wooteeji ɗii. E nder leydi ndii fof, o dañii 1 732 113 woote, ko ina tolnoo e 10% e wooteeji ɗi o heɓi ɗii fof.[69]: 187 PRP ƴettii woote ɗee no hare e nder Kano nii, o waɗii kampaañ propagande yaajɗo ngam ɓamtude ndeeɗoo daartol, addani lannda oo heɓde nafoore mawnde e nder leydi ndii dowla.[69]: 110 [74][75]: 83 Yanti heen, PRP heɓi nafooje e wooteeji ɗiɗi guwerneeruuji : Abubakar Rimi to Kano (e 79% e wooteeji) e Balarabe Musa to Kaduna (e 45% e wooteeji). E wiyde Shagari, Aminu ko kampaañ baawɗo golle, tee "ina teskii yimɓe no feewi, ina yurminii ɓe no feewi" kono o waawaano ɓurde nafoore e nder leydi ndii fof sabu "PRP makko ina ŋakki njuɓɓudi mawndi e kaɓirɗe potɗe huutoreede ngam kampaañ moƴƴo e nder leydi ndii kala".[30]: 223 Ñalnde 16 lewru nduu, FEDECO yaltini njeñtudi woote gardagol leydi ndii. Shagari hollitaama ko kañum heɓi 5 688 857 woote e nder leydi ndii kala.[69]: 139 === Jaabawuuli === Anndinoore FEDECO ndee ina waɗi luural, sibu Azikiwe, lomtii lanndaaji nay ɗi keɓaani nafoore, salii "e nder mum fof, tawa alaa ko heddii heen, bayyinaango Alhaji Shehu Shagari wonde hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo".[69]: 145 [76] Ñaawirde Supree e Awolo app eeraango.[69]: 148 Caggal nde Shagari bayyinaa wonde hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo, kawral hakkunde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii, tawi jooni ina jeyaa heen PRP, tiiɗtii, ɗum addani NPN laamɗo oo yiylaade kawral mum. Ɓe ɓami lanndaaji nay keddiiɗi ɗii ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal, ko PRP adii jaɓde, e wiyde Shagari. Kono ko NPP Azikiwe joofni e ‘nanondiral’ e lannda laamu nguu. Sarɗiiji nanondiral ngal, ko wakili’en lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii njoofni ñalnde 22 ut, balɗe ɗiɗi caggal nde Azikiwe haali konngol mum ngam salaade bayyinaango Shagari. Batuuji jowitiiɗi e sarɗiiji nanondiral ngal puɗɗii ko ñalnde 20 ut, ñalngu nguu konngol ngol waɗi. E wiyde daartoowo biyeteeɗo Oyeleye Oyediran, gooto e nanondiral baɗngal e nder batuuji ɗii ko feewti e Aminu, holliri wonde "peeje keertiiɗe ina poti waɗeede ngam Alhaji Aminu Kano, hooreejo PRP, ko lannda makko ngam naatde e fedde nde."[69]: 156–158 Ko ɓuri hitaande e nder laamu Shagari, nanondiral NPN-NPP ngal yanii hay so tawii lannda laamu nguu rokkii terɗe NPP geɗe ardorde teeŋtuɗe. Nanondiral ngal joofi ko ñalnde 6 sulyee 1981, caggal nanondiral hakkunde lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii.[77] === PRP feccii === Won e lebbi e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓo, guwerneeruuji 9 ummoriiɗi e UPN, GNPP, e PRP mbaɗii batuuji lewru kala ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte e ɓe ndarni wullitaango maɓɓe e laamu Shagari. Ɓeen guwerneeruuji njiytiraa ko no luulndo politik ɓurngo mawnude e lannda laamu nguu. Ɗum addani PRP jiiɓru nde tawnoo ardiiɓe lannda ka ɓurɓe waawde – hooreejo mum Aminu e Sekereteer mum ngenndiijo, S.G. Ikoku – teeŋtinii gollondiral e NPN, won heen terɗe ɓurɗe radikal, ina heen guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii, Abubakar Rimi e Balarabe Musa, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe terɗe niver the Goun N luulndii kala sifaa gollondiral.[77] Feddeeji ɗiɗi mbaɗi e nder lannda kaa. Fedde 'radical' ndee ko ɓuri heewde ko "ina tiiɗi e waylo-waylo radikal e doosɗe sosiyaalist en." Ɓe njoginoo ko yiɗde "jokkondiral udditiingal hakkunde doole kisal". Ina waɗi heen yoga e terɗe sosɗe lannda kaa, ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji mayru, annduɓe mayri teeŋtuɓe, e guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii. Nde wonnoo fedde woɗnde ndee ko terɗe lannda ɓurɗe teskin’de e miijooji ceertuɗi. Ɓe cemmbini ‘neɗɗaagu demokaraasi’ ɓurngu yooɗde e Aminu Kano, ɓe njogii ko miijo wonde haɓde e laamu Shagari “ina foti rokkude, ko famɗi fof, e oo sahaa, ko foti wonde darnde ngootaagu ngenndi e gollondiral hakkunde lanndaaji.” Ndee fedde ina waɗi leftist en mawɓe—hono Ikoku—njulaagu, annduɓe, e terɗe lannda goɗɗe lolluɗe e Aminu.[77][78]: 143 Fedde radikal ndee wiyetee ko Santsi (‘slippery’ e ɗemngal Hausa) caggal nde Aminu wiyi ɓe ngoni ko e ŋoral ŋoral. Rimi jaabii ndeen wonde ‘won e ardiiɓe lanndaaji’ ‘ina njuɓɓina e nder loope’, ko ɗum waɗi fedde daraniiɓe Aminu ndee ina wiyee Taɓo (‘loope’ e ɗemngal Hausa).[41]: 432 [79] E nder ndunngu 1980, nde Aminu woni caggal leydi ngam safrude, ardorde PRP haɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii tawtoreede batuuji guwerneeruuji jeenay ɗii. Nde o arti, o waawaano jokkondirde hakkunde pelle ɗiɗi ɗee, o jokkondiri e fedde Taɓo, o jaɓi heen golle sosngo lannda. Nde guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo ɗii ndartini tawtoreede batuuji ɗii hay so tawii ko yamiroore nde, ɓe ndiiwaa e lannda kaa. E nder jaabawol, fedde Santsi, wiynde ko PRP goonga, noddi batu lannda e lewru desaambar 1980, ɗo ɓe ndiiwi Aminu e Ikoku, ɓe lomtini ɗum en mawɗo Michael Imodu e Abubakar Rimi. Kono, hay so tawii noon ko heewi e depiteeji PRP ina ngondi e fedde Santsi, FEDECO jaɓii Aminu wonde hooreejo PRP laawɗuɗo.[77][80]: 13 Feddeeji ɗiɗi mbaɗi e nder lannda kaa. Fedde 'radical' ndee ko ɓuri heewde ko "ina tiiɗi e waylo-waylo radikal e doosɗe sosiyaalist en." Ɓe njoginoo ko yiɗde "jokkondiral udditiingal hakkunde doole kisal". Ina waɗi heen yoga e terɗe sosɗe lannda kaa, ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji mayru, annduɓe mayri teeŋtuɓe, e guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii. Nde wonnoo fedde woɗnde ndee ko terɗe lannda ɓurɗe teskin’de e miijooji ceertuɗi. Ɓe cemmbini ‘neɗɗaagu demokaraasi’ ɓurngu yooɗde e Aminu Kano, ɓe njogii ko miijo wonde haɓde e laamu Shagari “ina foti rokkude, ko famɗi fof, e oo sahaa, ko foti wonde darnde ngootaagu ngenndi e gollondiral hakkunde lanndaaji.” Ndee fedde ina waɗi leftist en mawɓe—hono Ikoku—njulaagu, annduɓe, e terɗe lannda goɗɗe lolluɗe e Aminu.[77][78]: 143 Fedde radikal ndee wiyetee ko Santsi (‘slippery’ e ɗemngal Hausa) caggal nde Aminu wiyi ɓe ngoni ko e ŋoral ŋoral. Rimi jaabii ndeen wonde ‘won e ardiiɓe lanndaaji’ ‘ina njuɓɓina e nder loope’, ko ɗum waɗi fedde daraniiɓe Aminu ndee ina wiyee Taɓo (‘loope’ e ɗemngal Hausa).[41]: 432 [79] E nder ndunngu 1980, nde Aminu woni caggal leydi ngam safrude, ardorde PRP haɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii tawtoreede batuuji guwerneeruuji jeenay ɗii. Nde o arti, o waawaano jokkondirde hakkunde pelle ɗiɗi ɗee, o jokkondiri e fedde Taɓo, o jaɓi heen golle sosngo lannda. Nde guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo ɗii ndartini tawtoreede batuuji ɗii hay so tawii ko yamiroore nde, ɓe ndiiwaa e lannda kaa. E nder jaabawol, fedde Santsi, wiynde ko PRP goonga, noddi batu lannda e lewru desaambar 1980, ɗo ɓe ndiiwi Aminu e Ikoku, ɓe lomtini ɗum en mawɗo Michael Imodu e Abubakar Rimi. Kono, hay so tawii noon ko heewi e depiteeji PRP ina ngondi e fedde Santsi, FEDECO jaɓii Aminu wonde hooreejo PRP laawɗuɗo.[77][80]: 13 === 1981 Kano fitina === Ñalnde 7 sulyee 1981, guwerneer Rimi yaltini ɓataake feewde e Emir Kano, hono Ado Bayero, ina tuuma ɗum wonde o anniyaaki hormaade laamu diiwaan Kano. Ɓataake oo ina ɗaɓɓi jaabawol e nder waktuuji 48 ngam hollirde hol ko waɗi kuule diisnondiral fotaani ƴetteede. Ɓataake oo siforaama e jaaynde wiyeteende West Africa wonde « ɓuri waasde hormaade... ina fotnoo wasiyaade binndoowo, kono... ina fotnoo haaldude e hooreejo aadaaji e diine [teddinaaɗo] ». Diineeji e hakkillaaji goɗɗi cemmbinɗi kadi ñiŋii ɓataake oo, kam e kaalirde fedde Taɓo. NPN huutoriima ngonka kaa ko yaawi, e wiyde "yimɓe moƴƴuɓe" yo "rewru e juɓɓule mum en gaadanteeje".[77] Fitinaaji puɗɗii ñalnde 10 sulyee 1981, to Kano, tawi ko cuuɗi laamu keewɗi wuli, ina jeyaa heen Sekretariyaa laamu leydi ndii, Rajo Kano, e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Joɗnde fedde Santsi e hoɗorɗe mawɓe e laamu Rimi kadi ko ko njiylotonoo. Doktoor Bala Mohammed Bauchi, mawɗo jaagorgal Rimi to bannge politik, kadi ko kañum woni ganndo mawɗo e nder lannda ka, maayi e nder yiite ngee. Jaaynde Afrik worgo limtii bonnugol fitinaaji ɗii fof ko ₦100 miliyoŋ e nder tonngoode mum 20 sulyee 1981. Ardiiɓe fedde Santsi tuumi NPN e Aminu ko kamɓe njuɓɓini fitinaaji ɗii ngam "reende doole maɓɓe politik".[77] === Caggal mum === Warngo Doktoor Bala Mohammed ɓeydii luggiɗde e feccere e nder PRP. Ko adii hitaande nde, Balarabe Musa, guwerneer PRP mo Kaduna, ƴaɓɓii laamu e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi NPN ɓuri heewde. E hitaande 1982, o yaltini deftere wiyeteende « Hare ngam waylude renndo e faggudu » , o tuumi heen Aminu wonde ko kañum yuɓɓini warngooji baɗnooɗi e hitaande 1981 ɗii. Musa ɓeydi heen wonde hay so tawii "denndaangal haalaaji makko, taali makko, geɗe makko, e peeje makko, Mallam Aminu Kano waawaano heɓde laamu men e ko ɓuri heewde e lannda kaa ngam janfaade Porogaraam men mawɗo oo."[81]: 162 Caggal nde terɗe keewɗe jogiiɗe doole e nder PRP riiwaa, fedde Santsi ndee feccii, sabu geɗe bayɗe no wooteeji, kiris nguurndam, e luural peeñngal. Abubakar Rimi naati e NPP Azikiwe, Balarabe Muusa etinooma jokkondirde e Aminu.[82] Musa hollitii e yeewtere 2012 wonde rafi Aminu e nder ooɗoo sahaa addi mo « ko ɓuri heewde e ko o anndaa ko woni e sara makko », ko ɗum « won e yimɓe bonɓe wonɓe e sara makko ». Muusaa siftini kadi anniya Aminu ngam yuɓɓinde batu nanondiral e galle mum, kono cellal makko bonngal haɗi ɗum, ɗum addani mo maayde haa jooni.[83] E nder heblo woote hooreleydaagu 1983, Aminu suɓii Bola Ogunbo ngam won'de hooreejo leydi ndii, ko ngol woni go'o ko debbo ina jogori jogaade darnde e nder leydi ndii.[84] Kono o sankii ko ñalnde 17 abriil 1983, lebbi keewɗi ko adii woote ɗee.[85] == Wade == Caggal nde o dañi rafi mboros bonɗo sabu rafi mboros cerebral, Aminu Kano sankii ñalnde 17 abriil 1983 to galle makko to Kano. O wirnaa ko ñalnde heen e nder galle makko.[86] Gila hitaande 2001, hitaande kala, ñalngu mawningol maayde makko ina waɗee e nder galle Mambayya.[87] == Njawdi == Naajeeriya waawataa wonde noon kadi sabu Aminu Kano ina hoɗi ɗoo. — Chinua Achebe, Natal Afrik / Caɗeele e Naajeeriya[88] Batte Aminu ina njokki e ƴellitaade e nder politik leydi Najeriya ko juuti caggal maayde makko. Heewɓe e almuɓɓe makko gila e balɗe makko e nder PRP njahi haa ɓe ngonti yimɓe mawɓe e nder politik leydi Najeriya, haa teeŋti noon e jamaanu Republique nayaɓere (1999—hannde). Teskaama e nder ɓeeɗoo politikaaji ko Sule Lamido, gonnooɗo guwerneer Jigawa tuggi 2007 haa 2015, e teddungal Aminu, mahii Triangle Mallam Aminu Kano to Dutse;[89] Ghali Umar Na'Abba; joginooɗo jappeere hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii tuggi3990. e ɓurɗo teeŋtude, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, gardinooɗo leydi Nijeer gila 2007 haa o maayi ñalnde 5 lewru mbooy hitaande 2010.[4][90] Ina gasa tawa maande ɓurnde tiiɗde e batte Aminu jokkuɗe e politik leydi Najeriya ina yiyee e nder diiwaan makko Kano. Politiyankooɓe yiɗɓe ballal talakawa ina keewi wiyde ko kamɓe ngoni ‘lomtiiɓe Aminu Kano’, tawi ko gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Kano e ƴamoowo hooreejo leydi Rabiu Kwankwaso woni yeru maantinɗo.[4][91] === Sinemaaji e pijirlooji Hausa === Ƴeew kadi: Sinema ɗemngal Hausa Nde o woni suka, Aminu ina heewi waɗde pijirlooji ɗi o huutortoo ngam waɗde "wullitaango makko, ñiŋooje makko, e yiɗdeeji makko e mbaadi pijirlooji". E nder ɗeen pijirlooji, o heewnoo ko reende darnde ardiinde ndee e hoore makko, o rokka geɗe goɗɗe ɗee wondiiɓe makko pijirlooji ɗii.[10]: 43–44 Caggal ɗuum, nde o woni almuudo to duɗal hakkundeewal Kano, o woni gadano winndude golle pijirlooji e ɗemngal Hausa.[15]:] Which heduna the 92 sosi Fedde Dramatique, o winndi heen pijirlooji keewɗi ɗi o: ...ƴami huuwugo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nden ɓe ɗon ƴama system emiraaji haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder pijirlooji ɗii, Kai wane ne a kasuwar Kano da ba za a cuce ka ba? (‘Ko mbaaw-ɗaa wonde fof, aɗa foolee e luumo Kano’) o hollitii huutoraade yimɓe leydi e juuɗe njulaagu ɓe ngalaa ɓerɗe, e nder Karya Fure take ba ta ‘ya’ya (‘Fenaande ina ɓuuɓna kono alaa ko heɓata’) o umminii caɗeele njoɓdi ɓurtundi ndi yimɓe teeru Hausa en njoɓata. E nder duuɓi 1939—1941 Aminu Kano winndi ko ina tolnoo e pijirlooji juutɗi capanɗe ɗiɗi ngam huutoraade duɗe ɗe o jaɓaani yoga e aadaaji nokkuuji ɓooyɗi kam e golle laamu ngenndi e nder njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi koloñaal ndi wonaa to bannge njuɓɓudi.[8]: 276] [15: E hitaande 1940, e nder batu kuuɓtodinngu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaande kala fedde sukaaɓe mawɓe Kaduna (hannde Fedde sukaaɓe mawɓe Barewa), batu ɗo almudɓe duɗal ngal « kawri e yeewtere welnde hakkunde mum en », Aminu, e oon sahaa ko almuudo haa jooni, yuɓɓini pijirlooji mum Kai wane ne a kasuwar Kanotendees to KOBA. E wiyde Abubakar Imam, jeyaaɗo e tawtoraaɓe ɓee, ‘yiylotooɓe’ ɓee njiyri pijirlooji ɗii ko no « politik nii, baawɗi bonnude ko ɓuri moƴƴude e deeƴre diiwaan oo, haa teeŋti noon e hare winndereere » . Ɗum addani ardiiɓe duɗal ngal salaade jaɓɓaade kala batuuji garooji e jokkondirde e KOBA.[23]: 162 Aminu heɓi heen miijo mum ko e winndooɓe mawɓe hono Sekseer,[95]: 284 Rousseau, Voltaire, e Tom Paine, e etaade waylude golle mum en ngam heɗtiiɓe Hausa en.[94] O heewi wonde ko binndoowo pijirlooji, fijoowo, e gardotooɗo e nder pijirlooji makko, sahaa e sahaa fof omo wayla binndanɗe e pijirlooji walla omo huutoroo geɗe asliije tiiɗɗe. Kanko e gollodiiɓe makko ɓe mbaɗii dingiral, ɓe noddi yimɓe ɓee ngam seedaade kollirɗe maɓɓe, heewɓe heen ko e kewuuji hono Sallah. Ɗee golle keɓii weltaare, sahaa e sahaa fof ina ngadda heen hay amiir e ardiiɓe diiwanuuji. Aminu waɗii miijooji renndo e ñiŋooje rewrude e ɗeen pijirlooji e kollirɗe. Pijirlooji gooti teskiniiɗi, ɗi puɗɗii innireede Kar Ka Bata Hajin Naka (‘Wota bonnu hajjuuji maa’), caggal ɗuum ɗi inniri Alhaji Ka Iya Kwanga (‘Alhaji, aɗa anndi no njiyru-ɗaa Conga’), jeertinii Naajeeriyankooɓe e waasde nanngeede e njiimaandi ɓurndi toowde e laabi Hirnaange, teeŋtinirɗi. E nder ɗuum, o wiyi yo waylo waylo rewrude e jaŋde e nder aadaaji maɓɓe.[10]: 55 Hay so tawii o neldii pijirlooji makko keewɗi to Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo, jaaynde laamu nde ɗemngal Hausa, hay heen gootal jaɓaaka.[8]: 277 [94] E wiyde Abdalla Uba Adamu, ‘Establishment aadaaji ɗii fof ina tiiɗi no feewi ngam jaɓde ƴeewndo binndol keeriiɗo e maɓɓe,9. Pijirlooji Aminu Kano ina njogii batte e nder sinemaaji Hausa, pijirlooji makko keewɗi mbaɗtaa e filmuuji.[96] O ɓuri teeŋtude ko e Maitama Sule, gooto e ƴettuɓe sinemaa Hausa ko adii. Sule siftinii yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna caggal nde Aminu heɓi bak mum, o siftini wonde fotde pijirlooji ɗi o waɗi ɗii fof ko Aminu winndi ɗi.[10]: 56–57 O ɓeydi heen wonde o siftorii sahaa gooto ɗo: ...almuɓɓe ndarni haa nokkuure laanawol lesdi ngam salmingo Aminu nde ɓe nani o ɗon yaha diga Kano haa Bauchi, o ɗon jooɗa wakkati seɗɗa haa Kaduna. Lonngere ndee leeltinii waktuuji keewɗi, kamɓe fof ɓe ndartiima e ladde ngam waɗde pijirlooji makko ɗi ɓe ngollotonoo ɗii. Aminu, nde o ari, o naati e fedde nde...[10]: 57 Sule waɗii darnde mawnde e sosde gooto e sosiyeteeji peewnugol filmuuji gadani e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, hono Maitama Sule Drama Group.[94] Ɗemɗe makko renndo e politik ina keewi feeñde e filmuuji Najeriya, haa teeŋti e ɗi ɗemngal Hausa.[97] === Miijooji peewnitgol === Aminu Kano naati e Dental Progressive Elements Nord ngam wonde fedde politik ngam haɓaade ko o miijii ko golle otokaraasi e fedde laamu Native Northern. O feewni njiimaandi makko e elite laamu nguu haa arti noon e amiir en, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Fulɓe. Doole plateau makko semmbinaama heen seeɗa sabu background makko. Baaba makko ko Alkali golloowo to Kano ummoriiɗo e leñol diineeji lislaam, Aminu Kano kadi addi miijooji lislaam ko fayti e potal e nder laabi kampaañ mum e nder republique gadano. Talakawas (commons) ɗuuɗɓe haa Kano ndarni ɓaawo nulal maako nden darnde maako nder siyaasa mawni diga ballal yimɓe Kano e soodooɓe pamari egguɓe haa woyla.[98] Heewɓe e njulaagu nguu caggal ɗuum njooɗiima e birooji NEPU. O yiɗi kadi huutoraade politik ngam sosde renndo fotngo e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Miijo makko mawngo ngoɗngo e nder fuɗɗoode republique gadano oo, ko ruppitde lanndaaji tuugiiɗi e leƴƴi. Miijo ngoo jaɓɓaama no feewi e ballal makko ummoriingal e njulaagu tokoosi e gollooɓe e nder gure saraaji laawol laana njoorndi. Worɓe e rewɓe ɓuri heewde ko yimɓe eggooɓe yiylotooɓe fartaŋŋeeji njulaagu, tee ina njogii nanondiral leƴƴi seeɗa e renndooji jaɓɓotooɗi ɗum en ɗii. O holliti kadi njuɓɓudi fiscal ndi ina yiɗi yoɓde alɗuɓe e nder diiwaan hee, tee ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ardiiɓe politikaaji leydi Najeriya, ballitooji potal hakkeeji rewɓe. Mallam Aminu Kano ko siyaasyanke teddinaaɗo no feewi e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. O maantinii demokaraasi, doole rewɓe e ndimaagu haala. Aeroport, kolees e kadi mbedda mawɗo kadi ina inniree mo to Kano. Galle makko ɗo o hoɗi e ɗo o maayi e ɗo o wirnaa, wayliima wonti nokku wiɗto e heblo demokaraasi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano === Doole rewɓe === Kuutoragol Aminu luggiɗngol e yumma mum e caɗeele renndo ɗe o fotnoo dañde, addani mo waɗde doole rewɓe e nder nguurndam makko.[99]: 53 O reentii e jogaade rewɓe heewɓe, o wiyi wonde Qur'aana ina jaɓi juulɗo resde haa rewɓe nayo hay so tawii ko impsuret tan wadugo. O firti ɗum ko Qur’aana jaɓaani dewgal keewngal. Goongɗinɗo no feewi jaŋde ko feere ngam rimɗinde rewɓe, o wallitorii duɗal rewɓe ngal hawri e galle makko gila 1952 haa o sankii e hitaande 1983, o rokki heen janngirɗe e golle juuɗe, e sewnde, e Hausa, e binndol e ɗemngal Engele. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi ɗi o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, o winndi denndaangal binndanɗe makko teskinɗe e "Caɗeele jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe e nder Kano".[8]: 290–291 [10]: 102 [100] E nder nguurndam makko politik, Aminu ina jokki e haɓaade ittugol rewɓe e nguurndam renndo e geɗe politik laaɓtuɗe. O ƴetti miijooji lislaam ɗii « ndimaagu », « jihaadi » e « nuunɗal » ngam wallitde doole rewɓe, o waɗti ɗum e ngoƴa mawɗo e nder lannda makko politik. E bannge ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Isa Wali, o daraniima ndeeɗoo feere e kitaale 1950 e 1960, darnde nde heewaani yiyeede e oon sahaa. E nder kitaale 1970 e 1980, e gartugol demokaraasi e nder leydi Najeriya, lannda People’s Redemption Party (PRP), e gardagol makko, ummii ko e lannda politik tan e nder leydi Najeriya, jogorɗo haɓaade ndee ɗoo haala, Aminu wonti jokkondiral tiiɗngal e daranaade hakkeeji rewɓe ko ɓuri kala politikyanke leydi ndii. O hollitii wonde Qur'aana ina rokka juulɓe hakke "jogaade haala laaɓtuka e geɗe dowla walla wakiliijo mo o suɓii".[101]: 153 [100][102] So tawiino o tawtoraama wooteeji hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1983, ko kanko woni debbo Bola Ogunbo, ko ngol woni go’o ko debbo Najeriya ina suɓee e jappeere laamu toownde. O wiyi yo rewɓe ɓeydu naatde e geɗe renndo, o waɗta eɓɓooji jaŋde mawɗi wonande rewɓe rewrude e lannda makko PRP, o toɗɗii rewɓe heewɓe e golle renndo. E nder lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi o ardii ɗii, hono Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (NEPU) tuggi 1953 haa 1966 e PRP tuggi 1978 haa 1983, rewɓe ina cemmbinaa e politik. Kono, nde tawnoo ɗeen lanndaaji ina cosi baɗe rewɓe, ina kaɓa e geɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde e hakkeeji woote, ina keewi ustude terɗe rewɓe ngam haɓaade geɗe ɓurɗe yaajde e dow ndimaagu mum en. Baagal rewɓe, hay so ina woodi, ardaani waylooji moƴƴi walla mbayliigu wonande rewɓe.[101]: 157 === Duɗe lislaamiyya === E nder kitaale 1950, e ƴettude ƴoƴre e duɗe lislaam to Sudaan,[103] binndanɗe Abdullahi dan Fodio, e won e dille peewnitgol nannduɗe e ɗeen to Nijeer, Aminu fuɗɗii sosde duɗe lislaam gadane, tawi faandaare mum ko peewnude e ƴellitde jaŋde lislaam to Kano. Ngam heɓugo ballal, Aminu hokki taskaram man haa mallamai mawɓe haa Kano, hawtaade e Sheek Na’ibi Suleymaani Wali e Inuwa Wada. Ko adii fof e ɗeen duɗe sosaa ko e nder diiwaan Sudawa wuro ngoo, ko yaawi ɓeydaade heewde yimɓe e binnditagol adanngol ngol almuudo 30, ko ɓooyaani koo mawni haa 60. Jibnaaɓe, haa teeŋti e ɓeen wonɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe tokosɓe, ɓuri yiɗde ɗeen duɗe nde tawnoo ɗe ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e jaŋde lislaam tawa kadi ina naatna heen geɗe goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde Hirnaange fof.[10]: 142-144 [104] 105 106 107 Jaagorgal jaŋde ƴeewtiima duɗe ɗee, o weltiima e porogaraam oo, addani ɗum naatde e njuɓɓudi duɗe toowɗe. E nder hitaande wootere, duɗe Islamiyya sappo goɗɗe udditaama nder gure mawɗe nder Fuunaange Naajeeriya, hawtaade e Kano, Kaduna, e Jos. Haa hitaande 1958, ko ina tolnoo e duɗe 60 hono ɗeen. E teskaade wonde ko ɓuri heewde e ballal ɗeen duɗe ummorii ko e terɗe NEPU, ɗe ngonti politik, ɗe ngoni ko e ƴattaade sahaa e sahaa fof, hay so tawii ko e fitinaaji. Ko wonaa ɗuum koo, njiimaandi ɗeen duɗe ina duumii, haa teeŋti noon e sukaaɓe rewɓe.[106][108] Caggal nde Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, laamu Fuɗnaange ɓeydi ballal mum e duɗe Islamiyya. E kitaale 1970, janngooɓe duɗe leslese "ko jiidaa e jaŋde maɓɓe leslese ina njaha e duɗe Islamiyya fo waktuuji keewɗi e ñalawma".[106][109]: 92 Hannde, ko ɓuri heewde e sukaaɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya ina njaha e duɗe Islamiyya e sara jaŋde leslesre aada.[107] Ɗee duɗe keɓii ballal laamu Naajeeriya e pelle winndereyankooje, ko wayi no USAID, e nder golle ngam ƴellitde paandaale hono jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe.[110] == Nguurndam neɗɗo == === Caalaje === Debbo Aminu gadano, Umma, ko debbo ceertuɗo e dewgal goɗngal. Ɓesngu makko ko 'royalty of sorts', ɓe njaɓaani dewgal makko e Aminu sabu 'darnde makko udditiinde ngam haɓaade laamɗo'. Dewgal ngal waɗi ko to Kano e hitaande 1939; kono ɓe ndartini ɗum nde Aminu ummii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna. Umma, mo luutndii fusde, dogi fayi Kaduna, resi Aminu. Ɓesngu makko dañii waawde faamnude Alkali nokku oo ngam fusde dewgal ngal laabi ɗiɗi caggal nde ɓe ngarti e Kano ngam juulde. Caggal nde jokkondiral makko e Aminu joofi, Umma dogi fayti Gana tan.[10]: 67–68 [4] Debbo ɗiɗaɓo Aminu ko Hasia, ummoriiɗo e galle laamɗo to Bauchi. Neene makko ɓadtii baaba Aminu e innde makko, o jaɓi eɓɓoore ndee. Aminu anndi ɗum nde o timmini jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o arti Kano ko juuti. Caggal ɗuum, kanko e Hasia ɓe ngummii Bauchi ngam golle makko jannginde. E sahaa dewgal maɓɓe, Hasia ina famɗi, alaa jaŋde toownde. Aminu ƴetti e hoore mum ngam jannginde mo e Quraan, e binndol Engele (janngude, winndude, e hiisa), e cellal ɓalli.[10]: 68–69 O renndini kadi ganndal makko e jannginde rewɓe woɗɓe wonɓe e sara makko.[10]: 76 infeleed, During marriage maɓɓe mbaawka makko jibinde ɓiɓɓe. E hitaande 1948, o jibini kono caggal mum o ruttii.[10]: 109 Nde Aminu woppi jaŋde e hitaande 1950, o naati politik, ɓe ngummii Kano. Golle makko politik ɗee ngaddaani waktuuji seeɗa e Hasia, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina woɗɗi. O hoɗi ko e galle galle Aminu to Sudawa kono caggal ɗuum o arti e galle yumma makko caggal nde o luurdi e yumma makko jom suudu Aminu. Jaɓde hootde, dewgal maɓɓe joofi. Aminu yuɓɓini Hasia golloraade e nder safrirde jibinannde, golle ɗe o joginoo haa ko famɗi fof e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970. Dewgal maɓɓe fof e joofde, Aminu e Hasia ina keddii e nanondiral moƴƴal. O tawtoraama dewgal makko e hitaande 1969, hitaande caggal ɗuum, o walli mo e hijjoore makko to Makka.[10]: 68–69, 181 === Gooɗo === Chinua Achebe, winndiyanke Naajeeriya mawɗo, gollodiiɗo PRP e Aminu, siftinii mo wonde "seniiɗo e mbayliigu". O ɓeydi heen wonde : ...so Aminu Kano yiytii wonde o naatii e fedde tooñooɓe o woppataa darnde makko ko yaawi e peeñcu, o waɗa hare e hoore makko![111]: 86 Jaayndiyanke e daartoowo Angalteer biyeteeɗo Basil Davidson, mo Aminu sifotoo ko sehil mum, siftini Aminu ko « jannginoowo, murtuɗo, kulɓiniiɗo-politik, e dowla-parlemaa ». E ɓeydude heen sifaa Davidson, Aminu siftinii hoore mum e nder konngol mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero e hitaande 1982, wonde « ko o neɗɗo demokaraasiyanke, baawɗo ɓamtude neɗɗaagu e ƴellitde ndimaagu rewɓe ». e nder deftere makko 1954 « Gineeji nay : Jaɓɓal e nder Afrik hirnaange », o siftinii Aminu wonde « Cassius gorko, ɓuuɓɗo, ɓuuɓɗo, ganndo Engele, ɓernde mum ko ƴiye, ɗemngal mum ko fijirde ». O siftini mo kadi ko "demagog--ɗemngal taƴngal, fanatik".[112]: 254–255 Aminu ina anndaa no feewi e nguurndam mum ɓuuɓɗam.[113] Fuu e darnde maako ministaajo les Gowon, o ɗonno jogga hoore maako bee "ndema tokoosa" e dokke wakkati feere diga soobiraaɓe maako.[30]: 73 Ganndal Aminu e Islaam addani mo innde Mallam (innde nde worɓe jannguɓe keɓata e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya). O woniino karallo e sariyaaji lislaam e tafsiir, omo waɗa jeewte keewɗe e dow ɗeen geɗe, haa teeŋti noon e wuro Kano.[99]: 51 Firooji makko Qur’aana ɓuri teeŋtude ko e doosɗe lislaam jowitiiɗe e nuunɗal, nafoore jaŋde e nder Lislaam, e wallitde deftere juulɓe ndee. Kerecee’en, e Yahuudu’en.[8]: 299-305 == Ƴeew kadi == Dental ɓamtaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange Lannda rimɗinde yimɓe Saadu Zungur Bayyinaango Sawaba == Tuugnorgal == mnafts60kqh8n5c0wibegegwvfb5nru 177620 177559 2026-06-30T22:26:11Z MOIBARDE 10068 I added links and references 177620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mallam Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://gazettes.africa/akn/ng/officialGazette/government-gazette/1982-10-01/50/eng@1982-10-01|title=Nigeria Government Gazette dated 1982-10-01 number 50|date=1982-10-01|language=en}}</ref> (9 [[lewru]] bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 [[lewru]] abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to [[Kano]]. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla [[Naajeeriya]]. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (''commons'') e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Bennett|first=Eric|editor-first1=Henry Louis|editor-first2=Kwame Anthony|editor-last1=Gates|editor-last2=Appiah|title=Kano, Alhaji Aminu|date=2010|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Africa|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-2167|access-date=2024-05-23|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-533770-9|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Reynolds|first=Jonathan T.|editor-first1=Emmanuel K.|editor-first2=Henry Louis|editor-last1=Akyeampong|editor-last2=Gates|chapter=Kano, Muhammad Aminu|date=2011-01-01|title=Dictionary of African Biography|chapter-url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1016|access-date=2024-05-23|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":31">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Eltantawi|first=Sarah|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1m3p0h2|title=Shari'ah on Trial: Northern Nigeria's Islamic Revolution|date=2017|publisher=University of California Press|edition=1|pages=29|doi=10.1525/j.ctt1m3p0h2}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Uwechue|first=Raph|title=Makers of Modern Africa (Second ed.)|publisher=Africa Books Limited|year=1991|isbn=0903274183|location=United Kingdom|pages=323–324}}</ref> Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule [[lislaam]] e nuunɗal renndo.<ref name=":312">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref> O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] les laamu [[Yakubu Gowon]]. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder [[Afrik]], ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.<ref name=":314">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":145">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref> Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.<ref name=":313">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam: Aminu Kano|publisher=Brill Reference Online|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|edition=3rd|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref> ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam: Aminu Kano|publisher=Brill Reference Online|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|edition=3rd|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e [[Lislaam]], baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali [[Kano]]. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, [[Usman dan Fodio]], sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji , waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde [[Kano]].<ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 274 <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to ''Emir'' [[Kano]] e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195382075_3|title=Dictionary of African biography|date=2012|publisher=Oxford; New York : Oxford University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|editor-last=Akyeampong|editor-first=Emmanuel K.|pages=290|editor-last2=Jr.|editor-first2=Henry Louis Gates}}</ref><ref name=":43">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref><ref name=":142">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.<ref name=":143">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 100 <ref>{{Citation|last=Gwadabe|first=Maude Rabi'u|title=Tarihin Malam Aminu Kano|date=25 December 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhsV76d9kco|access-date=2024-01-03|publisher=[[Media Trust|Aminiya Trust]]|language=ha}}</ref> Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,<ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref> o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.<ref name=":62">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 41–43 <ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Jack|first=Homer A.|date=1959|title=Malam Aminu Kano: A Profile|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4184021|journal=Africa Today|volume=6|issue=4|pages=6–10|jstor=4184021|issn=0001-9887}}</ref>: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 276 <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] e oon sahaa.<ref name=":144">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal [[Kano]] (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, [[Kano]]), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi<ref name=":22">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hempstone|first=Smith|url=http://archive.org/details/newafrica0000hemp|title=The new Africa|date=1961|publisher=London, Faber and Faber|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 276 [<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 243 == Golle jannginde == Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]] e hitaande 1940, Aminu suɓii ko janngude ko fayti e sariya, wonaa rewde laawol banndiraaɓe makko ɓurɓe suɓaade jannginde. Ndeeɗoo suɓngo heewaani sabu ñaawirɗe sharia, ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede e ñaawirɗe paralel to [[Kano]] e nder juulɓe, njaɓaani awokaaji. Yanti heen, nafoore makko e janngude safaara to Angalteer, haɗi mo yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'' e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yaba ''Higher College'', ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko to [[Lagos]] to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fotde duuɓi seeɗa. Kono, sabu jiiɓru almudɓe jokki, gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'' saliima jaɓde Aminu, ganndiraaɗo ardaade seppooji almudɓe. Aminu kadi etinooma naatde e konu e polis kono o saliima e ɗiɗo fof nde tawnoo omo yahra e duuɓi 5, ko ina tolnoo e 100 meeteer, ina famɗi no feewi. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, heewɓe ina njokki e wasiyaade mo yo o jokku golle jannginde kono ko jannginoowo makko ganndal, hono Doktoor R. E. Miller, addani mo ƴettude jannginde e nder golle makko.<ref name=":16">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 60 <ref name=":52">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tate|first=Carolyn|date=1983|title=Review of Old Gods and Young Heroes: The Pearlman Collection of Maya Ceramics|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3335865|journal=African Arts|volume=16|issue=2|pages=86–88|doi=10.2307/3335865|jstor=3335865|issn=0001-9933|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":63">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100 ko hujja Miller Ƴeew, miɗo wasiyoo ma nde naatataa e suudu janngirdu. Hare nde ina jokki, e Almaañnaaɓe ina njahra yeeso e kala fannu, ɗum wonaa huunde nde Hitler waawataa heɓtude leydi Nijeer e nder sahaa gooto. E nder ɗuum, aɗa sokli suuɗnde karallaagal, hol nokku ɓurɗo jannginde ? Ko wonaa cfuum, mi 6eydoto maa tan ko jannginoowo-e-heblo ganndal—gooto e gilli maa mawcfi, wonaa noon?<ref name=":17">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 61 <ref name=":64">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100 E nder jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu halfinaama gure keewɗe ngam waɗde golle janngingol. E hitaande makko ɗiɗmere, o waɗii lebbi joy gooto e maɓɓe fof to [[Bauchi]] e Zaria e lebbi ɗiɗi goɗɗi "njillu duɗe to bannge worgo". Ko e hitaande makko sakkitiinde e heblo makko e hitaande 1942, miijooji makko politik radikaluuji ɓuuɓɗi peeñi. O fuɗɗii winndude e jaayɗe e jaayndeeji seeɗa gonɗi e oon sahaa, ko wayi no ''Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo'' e ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, o ƴelliti nafoore mawnde e politik. Ko e ndee hitaande kadi o winndi deftere makko wiyeteende ‘[[Kano]] les martolin otokaraasi native’, nde o winndi e laamu ''native''.<ref name=":147">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 277 <ref name=":19">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 69–70 Hakkunde joofnirde dumunna makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]], o hawri e [[Sa'adu Zungur]], potnooɗo "waɗde batte e miijo Aminu no feewi".<ref name=":146">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 72 <ref name=":44">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 329 Zungur, ɓurɗo Aminu mawnude e ardiiɗo politik radikal e nder Duɗal Pharma . Aminu ina heewi yeewtidde juutnde e Zungur, ina heewi yillaade galle makko caggal jaŋde. Anndugol maɓɓe fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1935 nde Zungur yilliima [[Kano]], o acci heen miijo duumotoongo e Aminu e miijooji makko radikal e yahrude yeeso. Aminu jokki jokkondirde e Zungur haa ɓe kawri e Zaria.<ref name=":18">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 72 === Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu ummiima [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]], o ƴetti golle jannginoowo tokooso to duɗal hakkundeewal [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]].<ref name=":53">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref> Gollodiiɓe makko e duɗal ngal ko [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] e Yahaya Gusau. Jokkondiral Aminu e Balewa, mo ɓaawo man laati hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] tan, fuɗɗi wakkati ɓe ɗon janngina haa Bauchi. Ko e oon sahaa Balewa rokki mo innde ‘Molotov’, innde Vyacheslav Molotov, hooreejo dowla Sowiyetik. Zungur kadi ummiima [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] e oon sahaa, caggal nde o arti wuro makko sabu rafi ɓuuɓɗo mo o heɓi to Zaria.<ref name=":54">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref>: 84–85 Aminu ina teddiniree no feewi e nder almuɓɓe duɗal ngal. Ɓe keewi hawrude ko e galle makko caggal waktuuji jaŋde ngam yeewtidde e golle goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde. O yuɓɓinta sahaa e sahaa fof pijirlooji e kollirɗe ngam almuɓɓe, sahaa e sahaa fof omo huutoroo golle [[Abubakar Imam|Abubakar Imaam]]. Ngam ɓeydude heen jaŋde makko, o waɗii almuɓɓe makko jime e jimɗi. O woniino kadi e nder renndooji janngooɓe ceertuɗi ko wayi no dingiral, jeewte, e ganndal.<ref name=":110">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 85–86 Jokkondiral makko e almuɓɓe e miijooji makko cemmbinɗi, addani mo waasde yiɗde njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal e jannginooɓe woɗɓe. Heen sahaa gooto, fedde almudɓe ndee fof waɗii seppo sabu geɗe bayɗe no ŋakkeende uniformeeji e kaɓirɗe, ŋakkeende kaalis poos, e ŋakkeende nguura. Almuudo gooto mo yalti, suka hooreejo mo woni miñi Balewa, woni kaaloowo maɓɓe. Almuɓɓe mawɓe ɓee, ina jeyaa e maɓɓe [[Sule Katagum]], ina ardoo almuɓɓe woɗɓe ɓee feewde [[Maiduguri]]. Emir [[Bauchi]] e jannginooɓe heewɓe nanngi ɓe, ina njiɗi haaldude, kono almuɓɓe ɓee ina cemmbina haaldude e Aminu tan. Caggal ɗuum, Aminu ari e Yahya Gusau, o « holliti ɓe wonde wullitaango maɓɓe maa heɓ weeyo no haanirta nii » o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ngartu e cuuɗi maɓɓe. Caggal wiɗto wullitaango ngoo, ngo laaɓtinaama, ɗum addani lomtinande hooreejo duɗal ngal Balewa, "mo feewni bonanndeeji gonɗi ko adii ɗii".<ref name=":111">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 86 === Dental ɓamtaare mawngal Bauchi === E hitaande 1943, Aminu, e wondude e Zungur, Balewa e Gusau, sosi Dental Moƴƴingol [[Bauchi]] (BGIU), ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte ngam ñiŋde politik koloñaal Angalteer e laamu ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref name=":65">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Awa|first=Eme O.|title=Federal Government in Nigeria|publisher=University of California Press|year=1964|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|pages=99}}</ref> 100 tawi Zungur ina joginoo batte nannduɗe e Zanguria, ina gasa tawa ko fedde nde yuɓɓini ɗum e hitaande 1943 Dental ɓamtaare mawnde e nder diiwanuuji worgo (NPGIU).<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Aminu e Zungur mbinndi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe ngam haɓaade politik ‘''directed labour''’ Angalteer, mo ɓe njiyri ko no mbaydi njulaagu mbaylaandi. Nde Angalteer ɗaɓɓi nguura, tinndinoore, e soldateeɓe heewɓe ngam wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, laamuuji koloñaal en mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamuuji leydi ndii ngam ‘’dartina’’ keewal nguura e doole yimɓe. Biritaniya huutoriima no feewi doole kisal ɗe ndarnaaka e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] ngam wallitde konu mum caggal musiibaaji konu mum to Fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo e hitaande 1942.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ekoko|first=A. E.|date=1982|title=Conscript Labour and Tin Mining in Nigeria During the Second World War|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857118|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=11|issue=3/4|pages=66–85|jstor=41857118|issn=0018-2540}}</ref> Gooto e binndanɗe Aminu ɗe siynaaka, ko mawɗo diiwaan oo, hono A J Knott, e nder ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo janngi ɗum, o rewi heen haa BGIU. Ndee yiytunde addani dental ngal fusde, lomtinaa ngal e fedde yeewtere [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] (BDC) walla ''Majalisar Tadi'' ta [[Bauchi]], nde laamuuji koloñaal toppitii. BDC sosaa ko no lowre sankitiinde ngam jeewte udditiiɗe, tawa ina hawra e ‘kala miijooji’.<ref name=":112">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 89 <ref name=":66">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 89 <ref name=":72">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":73">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref>: 423 === Bauchi Yeewtere Cirkel === BDC waɗii jeewte yontere kala, ina noddira yimɓe heewɓe ko wayi no ardiiɓe departemaaji, njuɓɓudi laamu, yeeyooɓe e jannginooɓe. Limre tawtoraaɓe ɓee ɓurii Limre Dental Bauchi ''General Improvement Union'' (BGIU) ɓennungal ngal, ngal dañii moƳƳere ɓurnde welde e rokkude kuulal laamu nguu. Aminu, hono binndoowo, ko kañum halfinaa neldude noddaango e suɓaade toɓɓe ɗe yeewtetee. Ɗeen toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ko ɓamtaare faggudu, demokaraasi, safaara, hare e diine. Nde toɓɓere ndee woni ndimaagu jaayndeeji, Aminu e Zungur teeŋtinii luural e nder politik Angalteer, ɓe mbiyi wonde bannge gooto ɓe ndartinii e ɓe ñaawii e nder keeri daande tan ko jeyaaɓe e amiir en, bannge goɗɗo oo, ɓe cemmbinii e yeeso yimɓe fof miijo e eɓɓoore jeytaare.<ref name=":113">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 89 E nder yeewtere jowitiinde e njiimaandi ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, o wiyi wonde « ndi wuuri ko e faandaare nde ndi fotnoo waɗde » e wonde ndi « njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal ɓurndi huutoraade ndi aduna o meeɗaa anndude ».<ref name=":114">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 90 <ref name=":67">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100: 100: 100 [12]: 100 100: 100: 90 [12]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 e Capha emiraaji mum mbayliima wonti njuɓɓudi ndi Shehu Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo ɗum oo, anniyaaki. Aminu wi'i limngal kaliifa'en ɗon mari haaje tuugaago dow nafuuda naa dow jibinannde, nden boo laamu otokaraasi ɗon luura bee janngirde Annabi Lislaama Muhammadu e Shehu. Balewa, nde tawnoo ko kañum ɓuri Aminu ɓuuɓde, ina daranii no feewi njuɓɓudi laamu ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, ina wiya wonde jogaade sariya e deeƴre ina foti wonde huunde himmunde ngam tabitinde tuugnorgal ɗo peeje yiɗaaɗe mbaawi waɗeede e dow mum. Zungur, leeso e nder jonnde ndee, e jaabtaade Balewa, winndi hujjaaji mum e nder ɓataake mo Aminu yettini e dingiral yeewtere ndee e nder jonnde aroore ndee. E nder ndeeɗoo ɓataake, o semmbini hujjaaji Aminu ɗii, o ɓeydi heen seeɗa e hujjaaji makko.[10]: 90 O wiyi Balewa yo ƴeewto no o dañiri "miijo bonngo" ngam daɗndude laamu nguu, o ɓeydi heen : Suɓagol elite gutter mum [Native Authority] waɗaaka e dow hakkille walla e mbaawka, kono ko e salaade tan yiɗde ɓiyleydi laaɓtundi. Terɗe fedde laamuyankoore ina njogii wellitaare desperadoes ngam njulaagu, alaa ko ŋakki so wonaa kala ko dañi.[10]: 90 E nder batu goɗɗo, Aminu naamndii Ofisee Knott : « Hol ko woni njoɓdi amiir ? Knott jaabtii wonde ɗum fawii ko e tolno golle makko e teddeendi golle makko. Ndeen Aminu hollitii wonde hay so tawii ina famɗi doosɗe e golle so yerondiraama e Emir Bauchi, Lamido Adamawa ina heɓa njoɓdi ɓurndi heewde. Caggal ngool mbayliigu, batu nguu joofi ko ɗoon e ɗoon. Ɓooytaani, Knott habri wonde BDC ina joofna, o wiyi wonde jeewte ɗee ina ‘njippii e laawol’.[10]: 91 [22]: 423 === Nokku renndo Bauchi === Ngam lomtaade BDC, Aminu e Zungur cosi fedde politik woɗnde, hono nokku renndo Bauchi. Puɗɗagol fotde 20 tergal, batu maɓɓe gadano waɗi ko to defterdu Native Authority, sara galle amiir. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, tawi ina wondi e polis, Balewa ɓadtiima ɓe e ɗaɓɓaande amiir oo, wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ndartu sabu « denndaangal senndikaaji (juɓɓule) ina kaɗaa ». Zungur ndeen wiyi mo yo o haalan amiir oo wonde ɓe njahataa fusde. Caggal nde Balewa yahi, ɓe pelliti yettinde ɓataake to mawɗo politik ngam humpitaade ko waɗi koo, ɓe mbiyi amiir oo ina tooña hakkeeji maɓɓe.[10]: 91–92 Balɗe tati caggal ɗuum, terɗe fedde ndee noddaama ngam jokkondirde e amiir oo. Amiir oo salii yamirde yo ɓe ndartu, o wiyi o haɗii ɓe tan huutoraade « masiŋaaji binndol e gollorɗe defterdu Native Authority ». Hay so Balewa wulliima wonde o yettinii konngol ngol o rokkaa ngol no haanirta nii, Zungur ina heppi huutoraade ngalɗoo luural, haala kaa jokkaani haa jooni, fedde ndee jaɓii kuulal ngal amiir oo ƴetti ngal. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, mawɗo gooto ina wiyee Mallam Waziri, rokki ɓe huutoraade suudu makko ndu alaa ɗo haaɗi ngam waɗde batuuji, so tawii ko kamɓe njuɓɓini ɗum. Ɓe kawri kaalis maɓɓe ɓe ndarni ɗum.[10]: 93 Ɓooytaani, laamu Angalteer rokki Aminu gooto e bursiiji jeeɗiɗi ngam janngude to Angalteer fuɗɗoraade lewru suwee 1946, ko o... jaɓaama.[8]: 276 [10]: 97 [14] [23]: 154 === Londres === E nder duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde to Londres, Aminu naatii e golle yimɓe hono Harold Laski, George Bernard Shaw, e Karl Mannheim, ɓe janngirɗe mum en ngoni « iwdi miijooji Aminu keewɗi e renndo aadee moƴƴo ». O jokkondiri e yimɓe e pelle keewɗe bannge nano to Londres, ina jeyaa heen lannda Sosiyaalist Labour, Fedde Sosiyaalist janngooɓe, e Sosiyaalist sukaaɓe, o hawri e sehilaaɓe e won e terɗe parlemaa bannge nano e "ardiiɓe toowɓe" pelle kominist kadi.[39]25 ko ɗum addani ardiiɓe politik gollotooɓe e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Aneurin Bevan e Fenner Brockway Caggal nde o feeñnini ɗeen miijooji e batte, Aminu etinooma hawrude e filosofiiji politik adanɗi rewooɓe Farayse e Amerik e sosiyaalisma Shavian Fabian e janngirɗe Usman dan Fodio, tawi fof ko e les njiimaandi miijooji radikal Sa’adu Zungur. O seedtii kadi ñalngu nguu e nder hareeji jeytaare leydi Indiya e leydi Pakistaan ​​rewrude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Aminu, e wondude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe e leyɗeele koloniiji Biritaan en ceertuɗe, jaɓɓiima Ali Jinnah e Jawaharlal Nehru, ardiiɓe dille jeytaare Pakistaan ​​e Inndo, e nder njillu maɓɓe to Londres e hitaande 1947. Ɗee geɗe ina gasa tawa ko ɗe addani mo yiɗde sifaa hare Gandhi.[10]:02]1 E nder jaŋde makko, Aminu jannginii e duɗe leslese nokku oo, o waɗii jonte e nder ladde Galles, o woniino koɗo fedde Young Farmers’ Club. Ngam yoɓde njillu makko ngu o fotnoo waɗde e nder laddeeji Angalteer, o ƴetti golle firo ɗemngal Hausa e nder sosiyetee jaayndeeji Angalteer (BBC). Ko o sikkaano, o noddaama ngam wonde nulaaɗo to Jamboree Boy Scout winndereejo to Rosny, addani mo yahde Orop e njoɓdi ustaandi. Ko adii nde o yahata Farayse, denndaangal fedde « boy scout » yilliima galle laamorɗo Buckingham. Aminu ɗon hulna yi'ugo laamiiɗo e laamiiɗo debbo ɗon yewta e ɗon hawta bee sukaaɓe ɓen ko ɗum feerootiri masin bee no laamu lesdi Biritaniya ɗon mari haaje haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndee luural addi mo miijo, o firti ɗum ko maande ŋakkere laamu koloñaal jogorngu arde.[10]: 102–103 [14] === Fedde jannginooɓe worgo === E lewru marse 1948,[27] nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Londres, Aminu sosi Fedde Wellitaare Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange (caggal ɗuum Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange), fedde adannde e nder diiwaan hee e senngo gollotooɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer,[8]: 276 [28][29]: along the otherers from Sali 169 [30]: 66 Senngo ngo ina jokki e haalde ko fayti e geɗe bayɗe no hakkeeji e wellitaare jannginooɓe, ceergal hakkunde diine e wellitaare jannginooɓe e Fuɗnaange e bus moƴƴo sy jannginooɓe nder Duɗe Misiyon Kirista'en ngam nastugo nder kawtal.[10]: 101-102 [12]: 91 [31]: 258 Senngo ngoo mawnii no feewi, ina joginoo fotde 200 tergal e lewru mum adanndu[32] e 25 cazeele e nder hitaande mum adannde, caggal mum ina jogii batte e nder pelle ngenndiije diiwaan oo, garnooze caggal mum.[29]: 41 te [33]: 356 jokki golle e nder worgo Naajeeriya haa is kawtal bee kawtal jannginooɓe Naajeeriya, kawtal jannginooɓe ɓurdungal mawnugo nder fombina Naajeeriya, nder hitaande 1972.[34]: 260 === Hoto ngartu e Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko e hitaande 1948, Aminu arti Bauchi ngam fuɗɗaade golle makko janngingol to duɗal hakkundeewal Bauchi. Lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum o artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi.[10]: 110 E nder oon sahaa, Sir John MacPherson, guwerneer keso toɗɗaaɗo leydi Najeriya, ina jokki e waɗde njillu e nder diiwaan hee. O fotnoo ko njillu e gure mawɗe Fuɗnaange, kono o yaltini Bauchi. Aminu e Zungur cikkatnoo ko ndeeɗoo feere ko huunde nde Guwerneer oo e wasiyaaji mum mbaɗi ngam haɗde haɓaade radikal en wuro ngoo e doggol ɗaɓɓaande mum en e wullitaango mum en. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ɓadtii Emir Bauchi, ɓe kolliti mo peeje laamu nguu ngam haɗde domen makko, ɓe mbiyi ko sabu baasal duɗe Bauchi, laabi e faggudu. Ɓe keɓii faamnude mo yo ɓe njaɓ yuɓɓinde seppo mawngo ngam salaade ko Guwerneer oo waɗi koo. Ndee ɗoo hiirde mawnde, nde woni ko adii fof e nder Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, hawri ko e ujunere neɗɗo.[10]: 110–111 Aminu, e oon sahaa ko jannginoowo tokooso haa jooni, noddaama to Kaduna ngam hawritde e A J Knott (ofisiyee diiwaan yuɓɓinnooɗo BDC e hitaande 1943), jooni ko hooreejo laamu nguu, e Sir MacPherson. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, guwerneer oo, e wiyde Aminu, ina wiyee : A hollitii wonde aɗa sikki min njiɗi ko jogaade Fuɗnaange caggal, Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange peccii—aɗa yiɗi min njaha mbele leydi maa ina heɓa jeytaare. Aan ko a gorko ummoriiɗo e galle Kano teeŋtuɗo, suka, keewɗo ruuhu, kono aɗa foti anndude wonde min njiɗaa haɗde waylooji e haɗde leydi ndii yahrude yeeso.[10]: 115 Knott jokki e humpitaade Aminu wonde ɓe ngoni ko e waɗde hakkillaaji maɓɓe e ƴattooje makko e laamu nguu, o wiyi "min njiɗii no feewi worɓe hono maa, ardiiɓe leydi maa". Ɓe ndokki mo darnde nde addanta mo ƴeewtaade e tawtoreede "taƴre kaalis laamu" walla hay so tawii ko gardiiɗo jaaynde Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo. Caggal nde o arti Bauchi, Aminu, caggal nde o ƴeewtindii ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande, o yeewtidi e Zungur e woɗɓe, o wiyi wonde ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande ko etaade laamu nguu ustude golle maɓɓe daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee. Ndeen noon, Aminu salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, o humpitii Knott e MacPherson wonde o ɓuri yiɗde ko heddaade e jannginoowo.[12]: 101 O salii kadi caggal ɗuum golle jannginoowo e ɗemngal Hausa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford.[10]: 115–119 Kono, lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum, e nder golle maɓɓe jokkuɗe ngam sarde radikal en Bauchi, laamu Angalteer artiri Aminu to Maru to Sokoto, toɗɗii mo hooreejo duɗal jannginooɓe kesal mahaaɗo.[10]: 116 [35]: 72 === Sokotoo === Sokoto wonnoo ko laamorgo Kalifaandi Sokoto e teeminannde 19ɓiire, sosaa ko e jihaadi Usmaan dan Fodio. Kalifaajo man ɗon mari ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya nden ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder amiir'en ɗon mari haaje hokkugo Sultan Sokoto.[36] Caggal nde Angalteer koloni dowla oo e nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, Sokoto wonti diiwaan, darnde Sultan ustii ; amiiruuji keddiiɗi ɗii njaabtiima laamu Angalteer, nattii jaabtaade Sultan. Kono tan, nde jokki e wonde nokku ɗo laamu aadaaji e diineeji ngoni e nder diiwaan hee. Ndeen noon, nde hiisaama ko taƴre ɓurnde ɓuuɓde e Fuɗnaange ɓuuɓnde no feewi.[10]: 118 Maru (jooni ko Maru, diiwaan Zamfara), wuro e nder diiwaan hee, ina joginoo 8 256 neɗɗo e hitaande 1964.[37] Ina laaɓi wonde yahdu Aminu e Maru wonaa tan ngam woɗɗinde mo e Zungur kono kadi ngam seerndude mo e haɗde mo golle makko. Nde o ari, o etiima sosde dingiral yeewtere kono yimɓe jannguɓe ina pamɗi e sara makko kadi wuro mawngo ɓurngo ɓadaade Maru ina woɗɗi 35 kiloomeeteer, "dow laabi kulɓiniiɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi". Sultan oo, hono Siddiq Abubakar III, ina ƴeewndotoo mo kadi, hono no Aminu yiytiri ɗum caggal ɗuum nii. O anndi mawɗo mo o hokkata sadakaaji wakkati fuu, o ɗonno ƴama Sultan nder asaweeje ɗuuɗɗe nder jooɗorde maako haa Maru.[10]: 118–120 E nder dumunna mo o woni e Maru oo fof, Aminu tawi ko e nder hareeji ɗi o meeɗaa waɗde e Sultan. Fuɗɗorii ko nde Aminu riiwti Yan Labari, walla ƴoƴɓe Sultan, caggal nde o ari. Caggal mum, o neldi ɓataake wullitaango feewde e laamuuji Angalteer, o wiyi wonde kaalis potɗo huutoreede ngam remooɓe ɓee, ɓe leydi mum en huutortee ngam waɗde duɗal ngal, yettaaki ɓe.[12]: 101 Luural goɗngal ummii ko nde Aminu e Abubakar Gumi, gollodiiɗo Grander ca Aminust mo worgo Nijeer e al later Feere Qadiriyya-Tijaniyya nder diiwal ngal nde ɓe haɗi almudɓe maɓɓe yahdugo juulde Jumaare ngam haala wuutugo imaam. E wiyde ɗiɗo ɓee, liimam Maru ina waɗa tayammum, ko huunde nde rewnaaka so ndiyam potɗam wuɗde ina famɗi, hay so tawii noon ndiyam ina ŋakki e Maru. Komisiyoŋ wiɗto mo Sultan oo sosi, yaltinii Gumi, o wiyi Sultan oo yo o waɗ heen hoore makko e nder Maru ngam dartinde golle tayammum. Ko fayti e wasiyaaji komisiyoŋ oo, Sultan salii ɗooftaade ɗum, salii riiwtude Limaam oo.[10]: 120–127 [38] Oon sahaa, Aminu ina renndini jokkondire moƴƴe e Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna Sokoto, joginooɗo luural e Sultan. Nde ñaawirde Sultan ñaawi Bello sabu mum bonnude njoɓdi jangali (‘joɓdi jawdi’) e hitaande 1943, Aminu rokki feccere mawnde e njoɓdi jannginoowo Bauchi mum e kaalis defansiyoŋ Bello. Nde Aminu woni jooni e Maru, Bello yi’i mo ko no sehil potɗo haɓtaade Sultan. Bello ina heewi yillaade Aminu to Maru, e nder njillu Aminu to Sokoto ngam waɗde batu doosgal leydi, o jooɗii ko e galle Bello. E nder ooɗoo sahaa, Sultan oo noddii Aminu noddaango keeriiɗo, ina gasa tawa ina ɗaɓɓa nanondiral. O ɗaɓɓiri batu 2ɓo subaka, kono nde o anndi Aminu haalanii Bello ndee noddaango, Sultan oo mettini heen no feewi, o woppi batu nguu.[10]: 124–125 === Koolol yimɓe Fuɗnaange === Sabu nafooje senngo jannginooɓe Aminu, worɓe jannguɓe woɗɓe teskinaaɓe e nder diiwaan hee ɓadtiima mo ko fayti e sosde fedde nanndunde e ndee. E nder darorɗe hitaande 1948, pelle ceertuɗe to Zaria, Kaduna e Bauchi kawri ngam sosde Jam’iyyar Mutanen Arewa walla Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC). E lewru suwee 1949, batu udditgol fedde ndee yuɓɓinaama to otel Green’s to Kaduna, fotde 500 neɗɗo tawtoraama. Terɗe sosɗe ɗee ko Dr. R. A. B. Dikko, Yahaya Gusau, Abubakar Imam (rewtinoowo Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo), Yuusuf Maitama Sule, Aliyu Mai Bornu, Aminu Kano, Isa Wali (ɓiɗɗo mawniiko Aminu) e Sa’adu Zungur, mo wonnoo koolaaɗo kuuɓal fedde NC Ca Naajeeriya wakkati.[10]: 111 [33]: 358 [39]: 75 E batu mum gadano e lewru desaambar 1949, ardiiɓe kongres oo, hono Dikko e Gusau, kollitii wonde kongres oo yiɗaa foolde laamu koloñaal e aristokraasi, tee : Jam'iyyar anniyaaki ƴettude laamu laamɓe men Natural; ko wonaa ɗuum koo, ko yiɗde amen tiiɗnde ɓeydude ngalɗoo laamu kala nde waawi wonde e kala ɗo waawi wonde. Eɗen njiɗi wallude laamɓe men Natural e nder golle mum en no haanirta nii...Eɗen njiɗi wallude ɓe e yaynaade Talakawa [yimɓe ɓooyɓe].[33]: 358 [39]: 75 Ofisee diiwaan gooto, gardinooɗo Hoɗɓe Kano, jeertinii tawtoraaɓe ɓee wonde ɓe mbaawataa addude peeje ɗe ɓe njiɗi tan so ɓe njaltii "seese e hakkille" e wonde "neɗɗo ina foti janngude yahde hade mum dogde". Aminu jaabiima e naamnaade mo yo o humpit mawɓe makko wonde : So en njahii koyɗe en njahrataa ko, en ndogat. Kadi so en njippiima, en ƴettat koye men, en ndoga kadi. Kono maande, min njahataa e koyɗe. Aɗa waawi wiyde min njaha e gelooɗi, walla puccu, kono hay min njuppataa e oto mo min njaha e laana ndiwoowa. Kadi Biritaan en ina poti haɗde en suɓaade laabi men yah-ngartaa, hay so tawii noon ko yaawi.[10]: 121–122 [12]: 93 Laamɓe Fuɗnaange heewɓe, ko wayi no Sultan, Amir Kano e Amir Zaria, njaɓii ngool jikku ‘harmless’ e ‘deferential’ kongres oo. Kono tan, terɗe tokoose hono Maitama, Aminu, e Zungur ina cikkatnoo wonde kongres oo ina yaaji no feewi e emiiruuji ɗii e laamuuji Angalteer ɗii fof, ina teeŋtina haaju mum e peewnugol politik to Fuɗnaange. E joofnirde e lewru ut 1950, won e terɗe NPC radikal en to Kano sosi Dental Jamiyar Neman Sawaba, lannda politik gadano bayyinaango e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer.[12]: 94 NEPU ina joginoo semmbe e Zungur, radikal en peeñɗi Fedde.[33]: 359 Ɓe njoginoo ballal Aminu, mo waawaano naatde e lannda ka e oon sahaa nde tawnoo omo gollina laamu haa jooni, o waawaano naatde e lannda politik e peeñcu.[10]: 123 [12]: 94 === Deƴƴere === Aminu rokki ɓataake mum deƴƴere ñalnde 16 oktoobar 1950, o ummii Maru haa laaɓi ñalnde 4 noowammbar e ndeen hitaande. Sheek Usmaan Bida, mo Aminu wonnoo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, e Sule Katagum, Wazirin Katagum, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe cikki ko o doole ngam woppude laamu. Kanko Aminu, o miijotonoo ko ndeeɗoo feere gila e lewru abriil ndeen hitaande. Nde cukko hooreejo jaŋde to bannge worgo jeertini mo wonde o toɗɗaaka so o jokkii e golle makko politik, Aminu winndi e nder deftere makko, "Ko noon ne kadi, ko ɗuum woni caɗeele makko. Miin ko mi woppu golle haa hitaande aroore."[10]: 129 Winndannde nde Aminu winndi, ina hollita sabaabu mum deƴƴere, yaltinaa e jaaynde wiyeteende Daily Comet ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1950 : Mi woppii golle sabu mi saliima goongɗinde wonde ndii leydi ko kasoo e nder laamuuji Angalteer-Fulani—mi woppii golle sabu miɗo wondi e miijo wonde laamuuji ngenndiiji ɗii ... ina njogii yaakaare no feewi e safrude caɗeele men jaŋde, renndo, faggudu, politik walla hay diine—My hared stay in England and my all above... jojjanɗe aadee ɗe aduna o haɓata e fasisma—mi hulɓinaama laabi ɗiɗi e ƴiye ɗe ngalaa yurmeende... tawi ko saraaji ɗii fof ina njuɓɓina fenaande, laamu bonngu, bluff politik, maccuɗaagu les garb goɗɗo, nepotism ɓuuɓɗo, tippudi, baasal...retention mo alaa ko nafata e faggudu canmedkei e...exploration faggudu muñan ɗee geɗe sabu uurngol mum en bonngol...miɗo hebli noddireede kala innde. Noddu am koyɗol walla noddu am rewolison; noddu am kulɓiniiɗo walla kala ko oo laamu imperiyaalisma yiɗi. Mi yi’i annoore e dow ŋoral toowngal, miɗo anniya yahde e nder taarik mum timmuɗo, tawa ko miin tan walla e kala jiɗɗo yahdude e am. E ɓeeɗoo suppitooɓe leñol men, mbiɗo wiya ɗum nii: Look Out! Afrik ko mawɗo ɗaaniiɗo nattii! O woni tan ko e diwde e ŋoral...?"[10]: 129-130 [26]: 243 [25]: 541 == Golle politik == === Ko adii jeytaare (1950—1959) === Nepotism, baasal e nder njuumri mum, ñawu, maccungaagu e les njiimaandi goɗɗo, tooñannge e majjere nde alaa hersa, ina keewi no feewi no waynoo ko adii gargol imperiyaalisma e nder teeminannde 19ɓiire. Ƴellitaare walla toɗɗagol worɓe ɓe nganndaa janngude, sukaaɓe walla ɓaleeɓe, e jappeere laamu toownde ko heewi ko ngam aksidaa jibinannde tan walla ngam « ɓadtaade naafigaagal » wonaa tan ngam ittude ɓesngu nguu hakkillaaji mum en e eɓɓooji mum en kono kadi ko seede hollirde wonde ndeeɗoo otokaraasi yuɓɓo ko replica native premedilam to the British momtude. — E nder ƴeewndo Aminu e hitaande 1953, Dr. Walter Miller winndi "Mbele en ŋakkiraama e nder leydi Najeriya?"[40] Caggal nde o woppi laamu, Aminu arti Kano, o naati e lannda « Northern Elements Progressive Union » (NEPU) e dow laawol.[12]: 101 Paandaale lannda ka cifaaɗe ɗee ina njeyaa heen « ndimaagu talakawa » (yimɓe) rewrude e « peewnugol politik e nder laamuuji otokaraasi hannde ɗii ». E nder batu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaandeejo Kongres Leƴƴi Fuɗnaange (NPC) e lewru desaambar 1950, kuulal NEPU, ngal Aminu winndi, noddii nde NPC bayyinaa wonde "lannda politik ngenndiyaŋke laaɓtuɗo".[12]: 95 It became political up to party, It became political up to party demokaraasi leydi ndii.[9]: 359–360 Kono tan, amiiruuji doole e "won e ofiseeji njuɓɓudi" ina njiyri NPC ko fedde jogiinde miijooji radikal kulɓiniiɗi. Kuutoragol terɗe terɗe moƳƳere e konservatiif ummii, e kulol wonde NPC, so yiytaama no radikal nii, ina waawi haɓaade ngam wonde lannda ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange. Terɗe NPC keewɗe ina ndartini yaltude e fedde nde so tawii terɗe NEPU ɗee njaltinaaka.[12]: 95–96 Shehu Shagari, hono hooreejo fedde NPC nde sukaaɓe Sokoto, hokkaama yamiroore ngam salaade kala ɗaɓɓaande Aminu e Zungur ngam heɓde darnde ardorde e nder batu Jos NPC mo hitaande 1950. Shagari, e laawol mum feewde batu nguu, hawri e Aminu e Zungur e nder oto, humpitii ɓe ndeeɗoo yamiroore. O wiyi wonde Aminu, nde nani ɗum, o hirjinii mo « huutoraade mandat mo ndokkaa-mi oo » o hollitii mo kadi jokkude sehilaagal maɓɓe e teddungal maɓɓe.[30]: 68–69 [41]: 25 Ko ɗum waɗi, NEPC, ƴettuɗo hoore mum, yalti e N lannda.[10]: 140-141 [41]: 25-33 Aminu tawtoraama daawal wooteeji gadani e wooteeji parlemaa gadani e lewru suwee 1951 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji to bannge worgo. Lannda makko, NEPU, heɓi nafoore e 12 e nder 26 jooɗorɗe dokkaaɗe ngam wuro Kano, ɓuri lanndaaji tati keddiiɗi ɗii, ina heen ardiiɓe njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii, tawi ko kam en fof njogii jooɗorɗe jeegom.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 kanndidaaji cakkitiiɗi ɗi kolees to gese suudu sarɗiiji rewrude e woote sirlu. Ɗeeɗoo koleesuuji, tawi ina mbaɗi pelle tokoose, heen gooto fof waɗii teemedde keewɗe woote walla ko ɓuri ɗum.[12]: 29 Hay so tawii NEPU ina joginoo nafoore e daawal gadanal ngal, Aminu ina famɗi no feewi e golle woote cakkitiiɗe ɗee, heɓi 16 woote e nder 68 woote, tee hay gooto e NEPU secuɓe e nder 68 woote Asammbele, wonnoo ko kolees woote wonande suudu sarɗiiji. Terɗe NEPU nayi, puɗɗiiɗe heɓde nafoore e daawal hakkundeewal, tawi ina kaɓa e kanndidaaji ɗi ɓe keɓi ko adii ɗuum, ummoriiɗi e laamu leydi ndii e nder daawal gadanal ngal.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 Sabu batte wooteeji ɗii, ko ɗum woni ko Biritaannaaɓe njiyri wonde laamu Biritaannaaɓe e laamu nguu njuɓɓudi woote ɓurndi welde e laamu ngenndi,[12]: 30 [14][42]: 78–79 e "ko heewi e terɗe cuɓaaɗe ɗee ngonti daraniiɓe nafooje mum". wonde Aminu dañii woote ɗee nde tawnoo "ina waawi ittude heen mettere e nder njuɓɓudi Aminu" e wonde "[Fuɗnaange Nijeer] ina haani denndaangal worɓe waawɓe mooftude, e mbaawka Aminu alaa ko waawi naamneede".[43]: 225 Seppo mawngo "15,000 NExtayer souls [PU] yuɓɓinaa keeɓal. Lannda kaa yuɓɓinii wooteeji njuɓɓudi ngam hollitde wonde wooteeji toowɗi ina mbaawi waɗeede e nder njuɓɓudi. NEPU dañii dañde kaalis keewɗo ngam neldude Aminu to Angalteer « ngam ñaawde haala mum en yeeso Parlemaa Angalteer e yimɓe fof ». E ballal Thomas Hodgkin e John Collins, Aminu dañii hawrude e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji, depiteeji Fabian, e jaagorgal leydi Angalteer. Laamu Native Authority jaabtii ɗum e ƴattaade e uddude terɗe NEPU e nder Kano, teeŋti noon e ƴattaade Gambo Sawaba, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe, gardiiɗo fedde rewɓe NEPU. NPC, hannde woni lannda politik ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange, huutoriima kadi ‘fedde jom en hakkillaaji en’, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko Yan Mahaukata (‘yimɓe majjuɓe’) walla Jam’iyyar Mahaukata (‘Lanndaaji majjuɓe’), ngam ustude terɗe lanndaaji politik goɗɗi to Kano, haa teeŋti noon e terɗe NEPU. Gaagaa sosde fedde wiyeteende Positive Action Wing (PAW) ngam haɓaade ɗeen bonanndeeji, won terɗe parlemaa Angalteer, ko wayi no Fenner Brockway, mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamu koloñaal ngam haɗde golle bonɗe ɗee. PAW fusi haa jooni e hitaande 1954 nde wonnoo ko kañum ɓuri Yan Mahaukata doolnude. Sabu darnde makko toownde e nder lannda kaa, Aminu ina reeni no feewi e fitinaaji ɓalli ɗi terɗe NEPU keddiiɗe ɗee mbaɗata.[48]: 137 Kono Aminu ina joginoo nanngugol keewngol e juuɗe laamu leydi ndii. Teskaama e nder kampaañ woote fedde ndee e hitaande 1954, o ñaawaa laabi ɗiɗi. Arano oo, ko ngam fiyde lefol NEPU e dow oto makko to wuro Kano—golle ɗe aadaaji mum en mbaɗata ko Emir Kano e hoɗɓe e leydi Angalteer. Ɗiɗaɓere, ngam yaltinde binndanɗe ɗe o tuumaa ko ‘anniya fenaande’, ɗum addani mo balɗe tati kasoo wonande gadano oo, e njoɓdi £50 wonande ɗiɗaɓo oo.[12]: 364 [49]: 91 E nder haala goɗɗa, o tuumaama e bidsee, fedde Kamairu e fedde mallasi. Tuumeede ndee ina tuugnii e miijo wonde ɓoornaade butoŋ Sawaba mo terɗe NEPU mbaɗi oo, ko huunde nde wonaa lislaam, tee NEPU ina tuumaa ina gollondira e Kerecee’en ngam haɓaade ardiiɓe diineeji Fuɗnaange. E wondude e wasiyaaji makko Danladi e Lawan Dambazau, Aminu feeñii e yeeso diiso Emir to Kano ngam ƴeewtaade ɗeen tuume. E fawaade e teddeendi tuume ɗee, kanko e wasiyaaji cifaaɗi ɗii « mbaɗii wujjude neɗɗo jogorɗo maayde (rites cakkitiiɗi) ». E nder batu nguu, Aminu hollitii wonde diiso amiir oo wonaa renndo jeewte, yeewtere ndee ina foti waɗeede heen seeɗa, caggal ɗuum haalanee amiir oo. Ɗum nanondiraama, batu ɗiɗaɓo yuɓɓinaama. E nder ndee ɗoo kawral ɗiɗaɓal, Aminu wiyi wonde kawtal NEPU e Kawtal ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC) wonaa ko luutndii janngirɗe lislaam sabu hay Muhammadu meeɗii waɗde kawtal defannde e yahuud en saraaji Madiina. O wiyi kadi ko ɓooyaani koo, kanko Emir Kano, o jokkondirii e inɗeele Igbo Kerecee'en ngam golloraade Juulirde mawnde Kano e kitaale 1950. To bannge butoŋ Sawaba, Aminu naamndii so tawii kadi ko ɗum huunde nde wonaa lislaam nde won e amiiruuji ɓoornii medal « Ordre britannique de Saint-George ». Haa jooni nanondiral waɗii, terɗe NEPU ina mbaawi ɓoornaade tan ko baaji lannda e nder seppooji mawɗi.[10]: 149–151 Aminu suɓaama hooreejo NEPU e batu tataɓo hitaande 1953, o lomtii Abba Maikwaru. Hitaande fawtii heen, lannda ka waɗi kawtal e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e leydi Kameruun (NCNC) mo Nnamdi Azikiwe. E nder wooteeji diiwaan 1956, Aminu ina haɓa e diiwaan Kano Fuɗnaange. O fooli woote ɗe Ahmadu Dantata, gooto nder Naajeeriya'en ɓurduɓe alɗugo, ronooɓe laamu filu Dantata.[9]: 333 Suɓol ngol, ngol waɗaama dow ko laarani suɓol worɓe yoɓooɓe ceede, ngol timmini bee Dantata heɓugo woote 2,119 dow Aminu 776. [12]: 328 haa 329 [50]. Suɓol mawngol leydi Naajeeriya ngol hitaande 1959 waɗii huunde mawnde, sibu ko ngol woni wooteeji gadani ɗi wooteeji laaɓtuɗi mbaɗata e kala diiwaan. Aminu, gonɗo e les njiimaandi NEPU-NCNC, kadi ƴaañii e wooteeji Kano Fuɗnaange, o heɓi 60,4% e wooteeji ɗii, o heɓi jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii.[12]: 374 [35]: 370 E nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o toɗɗaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii Hooreejo Goomu Alliance ngam geɗe caggal leydi e ina wiyee o saliima toɗɗagol jaagorde nde tawnoo o miijii ko <nowiki>''</nowiki>ina fotnoo<nowiki>''</nowiki> jaɓde jappeere "jogiinde teddungal e doole" tawi fotde 2 000 neɗɗo ina ngondi e lannda makko e nder... kasoo.[10]: 187 [12]: 374 [51]: 630 === Republiik gadano (1960-1966) === Ƴeew kadi: Republiik Najeriya gadano Ko o depitee, Aminu ƴetti hakkille mum e geɗe ngenndiije e winndereyankooje jowitiiɗe e leydi Najeriya keso ndi, tawi omo jokki e faandaare makko mawnde, hono rimɗinde talakawa. E nder suudu nduu, o hollitii laabi keewɗi ngam wallitde e yaawnude golle leydi ndii ngam haɓaade koloñaal. To bannge politik caggal leydi Nijeer, Aminu ko daraniiɗo pan-Afrik, o wiyi wonde Nijeer ina foti wonde "base hare ngam haɓaade njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe".[52] O tiiɗnii e tiiɗnaare ngam Naajeeriya ɓeyda ballal mum e golle haɓaade apartaayd e nder Afrik worgo, o hirjinii kadi jokkude golle Naajeeriya ngam artirde "jam e ndimaagu e nder leydi Konngo".[10]: 188 [53][54][55] Toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya (ONU) Balewa, gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo makko ummoriiɗo Bauchi, Aminu ina famɗi radikal so en ƴeewtindiima golle makko nokkuyankooje. E nder laamu makko to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, haa teeŋti noon e geɗe winndereyankooje, o jokkondirii e « ƴellitaare e ƴellitaare jeertinaande ». Ko o pan-Afriknaajo cemmbinɗo, o daraniima darnde nde aldaa e paltoor ngam Nijeer, o goongɗini sabaabu ‘dipolomasi mo aldaa e paltoor’.[10]: 189–191 [56]: 29–31 E nder laamu Aminu e nder suudu sarɗiiji to Lagos, njuɓɓudi NEPU ɓeydiima saɗtude. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1961, Joseph Tarka, hooreejo fedde wiyeteende “Congrès du Moyen Belt” (UMBC), ƴetti konngol ngam waɗde nanondiral hakkunde NEPU e lannda mum ngam sosde fedde tiiɗnde ngam haɓaade NPC to Fuɗnaange. Kono sarɗi oo ko yo NEPU wallit faandaare UMBC sosde dowla keeriiɗo mo Middle Belt. So tawii Aminu yiyii nafooje potɗe heɓde e kawtal ngal, o saliima sabu jokkondiral UMBC e fedde Action Group (AG). O firti eɓɓaande ndee ko eɓɓoore nde AG waɗi ngam taƴde jokkondiral NCNC e NEPU, luulndo maɓɓe ɓurngo mawnude to bannge worgo. Hay so tawii won terɗe NEPU ina luulndii ɗum, eɓɓaande UMBC ndee heɓiino weltaare, tee jaɓgol Aminu ngol ina jokkondiri e ñiŋooje. Ko NEPU waɗi e wooteeji 1961 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, ɗo ɓe keɓi jooɗorde wootere tan, ɓeydi heen ŋakkeende kisal nder lannda kaa.[10]: 196 [12]: 421 [57]: 183 de6poer Laamu diiwaan oo ko Emir Kano. Aminu tuumi Ahmadu Bello, hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, hooreejo NPC, woni ɓaawo limngal limngal. O renndini postooji e propagandeeji ƴettuɗi ko nanndi e luural daartol hakkunde Sokoto e Kano. Sanusi lomtii ko Muhammadu Inuwa mawɗo, jokkondirɗo e Aminu. Waɗooɓe Sanusi mbaɗi lannda yimɓe Kano (KPP), ngam yiɗde gartugol makko walla ɓiyiiko Ado Sanusi ƴetta laamu. KPP hawri e NEPU, hay so tawii noon alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa artirde Sanusi. NPC, ngam etaade hisnude ballal to Kano, noddii ballal mum yo salmin Emir keso oo. Caggal nde wallidiiɓe NEPU ndartinaa e batu nguu, ɓe njuɓɓini batu ɓurngu mawnude ñalnde heen, tawi ko 35 000 neɗɗo tawtoraama, ɗo Amir jaɓɓii ɓe no moƴƴi. Inuwa maayi ñalnde heen caggal ndeeɗoo kawral, Bello, ngam haɗde jiiɓru ɓeydaade, toɗɗii Ado Bayero, miñiiko Sanusi, ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Senegaal, ngam lomtaade mo. Deƴƴere Sanusi ndee waɗii batte keewɗe e ballal NEPU to Kano, ɓeydi kadi jiiɓru hakkunde Kano e Sokoto, haa teeŋti noon e nder banndiraaɓe suufiyankooɓe Tijanniyya e Qadriyya. Hay so tawii Aminu heddiima e kala banndiraagal suufiyanke, o faami nafoore maɓɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o huutorii luural ngal ngam yahrude yeeso nafooje NEPU. E nder kampaañiji wooteeji Fedde nde 1964, Aminu yilliima Sheek Ibrahim Niass, hooreejo Tijanni mawɗo, to Kaolack ko ɗum waɗi fotooje Aminu ina keɓa barkeeji e Sheek ina cirƴa to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya: 182, 10: 200-206, 57: 290, 170-183 === 1964 Woote kuuɓtodinɗe === Ƴeew kadi: Fiilde hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1964 Caggal nde UMBC joofni jokkondiral mum e Fedde Golle, NEPU e UMBC cosi Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare worgo (NPF), tawi faandaare mum ko « feccude diiwaan worgo gooto, ngam rokkude daande laaɓtunde pelle ɓurɗe famɗude ». KPP e pelle tokoose goɗɗe naati e NPF, ina ɗaminii sosde dowla Kano keeriiɗo, keeriiɗo. Nde leydi ndii ɓadtii woote, diiwanuuji tati ɗii fof ina njogii jiiɓru mawndu e tuumeede fenaande. To Kano, Aminu, hooreejo NEPU, hawri e Ibrahim Gashash, hooreejo lannda NPC, ngam ustude fitinaaji potɗi waɗeede e nanondiral e njuɓɓudi wooteeji. Gashash jaɓii waawnude ardiiɓe lannda mum ngam haɗde hareeji ƴiiƴam "kono fof alaa ko nafi". Ñalnde 28 desaambar, balɗe ɗiɗi tan ko adii woote ɗee, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Azikiwe, wiyi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Balewa, yo jokku woote ɗee fotde lebbi jeegom sabu ɓeydagol jiiɓru, o ɗaɓɓiri kadi ƴeewndo ONU. Balewa salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, wiyi ko ɗum yalti e mbaawka makko. Hooreejo Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, tawi naamnaaki terɗe goɗɗe, kadi woppii ɗum. Ko ɗum addani tato e nder jeegom terɗe komisiyoŋ oo woppude golle. Tooñanngeeji ɗi njiy-ɗen ɗii e fenaande tuumaande ndee ina addana kanndidaaji e lanndaaji keewɗi ustude woote ɗee, ɗum noon ko njeñtudi ‘lopsided’. Aminu dañii diiwaan mum to Kano Fuɗnaange e kanndidaa NPC, Mahmud Dantata, ɓiy Alhassan Dantata e gonnooɗo tergal NEPU, Dantata heɓi 1 700 woote e Aminu 690 e nder 40 000 wootooɓe potɓe suɓaade.[8]: 312:10] Caggal woote ɗee, Aminu e goomu gollordu hakkundeejo NEPU yuɓɓinii batu ngam restrategize. "Deftere daneere dow caɗeele siyaasaaku ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari" winndaama ngam hollugo, nde ɗon laara darnde NEPU nden ɗon hokka limngal njuɓɓudi. Ndeeɗoo batu ko mawnde e nder daartol lannda kaa, tawi ko depiteeji ummoriiɗi e teemedde cafrirɗe e nder Fuɗnaange fof tawtoraama. Ina jeyaa e toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ɗee, mbaawka hawrude e denndaangal lanndaaji politik luulndo to bannge worgo, sosde « lannda ngenndiijo kuuɓtodinɗo », sosde dowlaaji kesi, sosde ballal bursi. Koolol ngol kadi addani Diɗɗal Dowla Kano (KSM) fuɗɗaade, tawi ina waɗi NEPU, KPP, e won e terɗe NPC luulndiiɗe laamu. Ñalnde 14 abriil 1965, batu mawngu yuɓɓinaama ngam udditde KSM, tawi ko gooto e jamaanu ɓurngu mawnude e daartol politik Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Ahmadu Trader, sehil Aminu ɓooyɗo, toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi ndi gadano, Aminu woni jaagorgal mum to bannge politik.[10]: 213–215 Faandaare KSM adannde ko sosde dowla Kano ceertuɗo.[8]: 271 E hitaande 1965, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa toɗɗii Aminu yo won nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Aminu woni wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya haa kawtal lesɗe duuniyaaru dow filu e ɓamtaare nder hitaande 1965. Nde o arti e golle ONU, ñalnde 6 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Aminu ummii Lagos fayde Kano ngam tawtoreede batu NEPU, ɗo yeewtere laabi restrategie jokki. Nde o ari Kano, Aminu humpitaama rewrude e Abubakar Gumi, mawɗo Khadi (Mawɗo Ñaawirde) diiwaan Fuɗnaange e gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Aminu to Maru, ko fayti e batu sirlu ngu Ahmadu Bello yuɓɓini, gonnooɗo e oon sahaa to Makka. Joɗnde ndee fotnoo ko waɗde hakkunde maɓɓe tato, nde fotnoo ko ñalnde 16 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. Kono, ko adii nde joɗnde ndee waɗata, Bello waraa ko ñalnde 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. So tawii anniyaaji Bello e batu nguu ina keddii e laaɓde sabu maayde makko e sahaa mum, miijo Gumi ko wonde ina gasa tawa o woni ko e ƴeewtaade tolno njiimaandi e nder Fuɗnaange, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e nanondiral woote ngam wooteeji Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange garooji ɗii.[10]:21 === Laamu konu (1966—1979) === Hakkunde 14 e 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966, soldateeɓe murtuɓe konu Naajeeriya e gardagol Kaduna Nzeogwu e woɗɓe nayo mbarii Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe marɓe semmbe ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe Naajeeriya, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna mo Naajeeriya worgo Sokoto e Ardiiɗo lesdi hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeeɗoo eɓɓaande kuudetaa umminii dille luulndiiɗe kuudetaa e nder konu nguu, tawi ko Ofisee Seneraal Komanda, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ardii ɗum, dañii ustude kuudetaa oo. Caggal kuudetaa mo ronki, ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa, Aguiyi-Ironsi ƴetti golle hooreejo leydi, ardii laamu konu gadano leydi Nijeer.[58]: 63 === Laamu Ironsi === Ƴeew kadi: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1966 Hay so tawii banndiraaɓe makko NEPU ina njogii hoolaare, sibu ina cikka ina mbaawi heblude ŋakkeende politik nde kuudetaa oo heddinoo, Aminu ɓadtiima laamu Ironsi e hakkille. E lomtaade lannda makko, o neldi laamu nguu telegaraam « hakkilantaagal » , o woppii juulde kono o hollitii yaakaare makko wonde laamu Ironsi ina waawi renndinde ngenndi ndii, ina yahra yeeso e demokaraasi. Ironsi yaawi wontude mo yiɗaa e nder diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange sabu mum waasde jogaade darnde e darnde politik ɗeen diiwanuuji, o ɓuri yiɗde ko amiir en e mawɓe e nokkuuji mum en . Ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe politik e nder njuɓɓudi kesiri ndii ko Guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi, jooni ko kamɓe ngoni wasiyaaji guwerneeruuji konu. Ngonka kesa ka to Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii nanndude e laamu ɓooyngu nguu, ngu koloñaal en Angalteer mbaɗi, ngu ɓeydi heen njiyaagu e laamu nguu, haa teeŋti noon e nder dingiral radikal en. Lebbi tati e nder laamu makko, Aminu ina jokki e yeewtidde e Joseph Tarka e Maitama Sule ko fayti e ko ɓe njiyri "kuulal gootal wonande leydi Nijeer".[8]: 332–333 [25]: 380–381 Hedde sahaa ndeeɗoo batu, Ironsi jaɓi haa jooni jokkondirde e Aminu. Aminu hollitii caɗeele ɗe Fuɗnaange jogori dañde, o holliti heen peeje. Ironsi noon, wayi ko no alaa ko nafi, ko ɗum waɗi, darnde Aminu ndee « alaa ko nafi ». Caggal ɗuum, Aminu tuugnii ko e Ado Bayero, laamɗo Kano, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni hooreejo leydi ndii, ngam yettinde miijooji mum cemmbinɗi ɗii to Kumanndaa mawɗo oo.[10]: 222–223 E lewru mee, Ironsi yaltinii "Decree dental" luulndiiɗo, momtuɗo diiwanuuji Nijeer, lomtiniri ɗum "pelle diiwanuuji". Yanti heen, Dekere oo renndini ko sarwisaaji siwil ɗi diiwaanuuji ɗii mbaɗnoo ko adii ɗuum. O ɓeydi heen momtude denndaangal lanndaaji politik e pelle pinal ngam yiɗde haɓaade ‘tribalism’. Anndinoore Decree ndee ɓeydii jiiɓru e nder Fuɗnaange, ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e pelle eliteeji ɗii njiyri ko ɓeydaade woɗɗitaade laamu nguu to Lagos. Ɓe cikki wonde Dekere oo yeewtidaaka e maɓɓe no haanirta nii, tee ina waɗi sarɗiiji "ɗi moƴƴaani e maɓɓe".[25]: 647 To Kano, fotde teemedde ɗiɗi almuudo, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ummorii ko e duɗal Abdullahi Bayeron, duɗal Rumfa, e duɗal janngirɗe aarabeeɓe, yuɓɓini seppooji ɗi Kaverlino de Aarabeeɓe mbinndi Guwerneer diiwal worgo leydi ndi hono Hassan Katsina. Ñalnde heen, fitinaaji mbaɗi e nder wuro ngo, fitinaaji ɗii mbaɗii e njulaagu Igbo en, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 100 haa 200 neɗɗo maayi heen, tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen ko Igbo en kono kadi ina heen woɗɓe nanngaaɓe e fitinaaji ɗii. Ñaawirde sosaa ngam ƴeewtaade fitinaaji ɗii, gardiiɗo mayre ko Sir Lionel Brett, ñaawoowo Angalteer to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Nijeer. Ñaawirde Sir Brett meeɗaa ƴettude ñaawoore mum nde laamu Ironsi joofi caggal nde o waraa ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966 E lewru sulyee, Ironsi yuɓɓinii batu e amiiruuji e mawɓe leydi ndii ɓurɓe waawde to Ibadan. E nder kawral ngal, o yamiri ɓe yimde jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗin, o holli anniya maako ngam waɗuki ɓe darnde haa lesdi Naajeeriya bana no guwerneeruuji sooja'en, miijo ngo ɗon mari ƴamol, Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero wurti diga kawtal ngal. Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1966, kuudetaa gardinooɗo ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii, ɗum addani Ironsi waraa to Ibadan.[25]: 385 Ñalnde 1 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Lietnaa-Kolonel Yakubu Gowon toɗɗaa Sustelit be hooreejo leydi caggal nde) ƴettude yamiroore.[25]: 52 === Laamu Gowon (1966—1975) === Ƴeew kadi: 1966 Kuudetaa Nijeer Toɗɗagol Gowon, Kerecee’en worgo, jeyaaɗo e leñol tokosol, hooreejo leydi, ko huunde nde SMC waɗi ngam haɗde kuuɓtodinɓe worgo, e gardagol Lietnaa-Kolonel Murtala Muhammed, seertude e republique. Gowon woppi ko ɓuri heewde e kasooji politik nanngaaɓe e laamu Ironsi, ina jeyaa heen Obafemi Awolowo, politik Yorubaajo mawɗo mo diiwaan Hirnaange. O woppi kadi kuulal denndinngal luulndiingal ngal, o artiri diiwanuuji nay ɗi limtaa ko adii ɗuum. Yanti heen, Gowon yuɓɓinii batu wakili’en diiwaan ngam ƴettude kuule doosɗe kese, anndiraaɗe goomu doosɗe Ad Hoc. Aminu e Joseph Tarka ina njeyaa e wakili'en diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder batu nguu. Depiteeji ɗii fof e batu nguu, so wonaa Fuɗnaange-rewo, ina mballita e miijo laamu fedde tiiɗngu tuugiiɗo e dowlaaji tokoosi.[25]: 52 Ɗoon e ɗoon, caggal nde Gowon anndinaa toɗɗagol mum, Aminu wallitii e yuɓɓinde jeewte e "ardiiɓe miijo" Fuɗnaange to Kaduna, tawi ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe laamu e politikaaji Republique gadano. Yeewtere ndee rewi ko e njiimaandi laamu kesu nguu, tawi ko binndanɗe yeewtere ƴettaaɗe, peeñninaama ngam ƴeewtaade, waylude, walla salaade fedde ndee. Ko adii noddaango goomu ad hoc Gowon, fedde yeewtere ndee yeewtidii e toɓɓere dowlaaji kesi, Aminu suɓaama ngam ardaade goomu nguu. Aminu woni wakiliijo fedde Kaduna nder kawtal Ad Hoc to Lagos, ɓe hokki wasiyaaji maɓɓe ngam sosde lesɗe 12 haa 14, 7 ngam Fuunaange, 5 ngam Fuunaange. Kono, e joofnirde, batu nguu feccii dowlaaji ɗii no fotiri, 6 wonande Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange fof. E nder lebbi ɗiɗi gadani laamu Gowon, Aminu waɗii e makko batuuji tati ceertuɗi. Aranndeere nden hawti bee delegaasiyon yimɓe sappo diga Fuunaange, ɗiɗaɓre nden bana tergal Goomu Ad Hoc, kawtal tataɓal ngal hawti bee Aminu nder goomu jowi yimɓe Fuunaange, ardii ɗum Sir Kashim Ibrahim, gonnooɗo siyaasaaku NPC e Governor siwil cakkitiiɗo dow convened Northern Naajeeriya, ardii ɗum laamu fedde tiiɗnde e ngootaagu ngenndi.[10]: 237–241 Nde wonnoo Fuɗnaange ina jokki e wallitde laamu fedde tiiɗnde, caggal nde Gowon heɓi nafoore mum e delegaasiyoŋ Ibraahiima, e Hirnaange kadi ina jokki e wallitde caggal nde mawɗo Awolowo haa jooni "ardi" e miijo ngoo, ko diiwaan Fuɗnaange tan heddii e luulndaade. Igbo en ɓurɓe heewde Fuɗnaange ina njoginoo ŋakkeende hoolaare e laamu nguu, ina gasa tawa ko sabu fitinaaji "pogrom-like" ɗi ɓe muñnoo ko juuti caggal kuudetaa lewru sulyee, ɗi soldateeɓe fenaande yiɗɓe yoɓde kuudetaa lewru janvier mbaɗi. E nder winndannde makko ñalnde 4 oktoobar 1966, Aminu winnditii "Ko ɓuri mettude e muñal konu. Jaawgol e golle ina ɗaɓɓi. Fuɗnaange ina woni e laawol seertude." E nder etaade yaawnude gartugol laamu siwil, Aminu ɓadtiima ardiiɓe Goomu Ad Hoc, Awolowo (Hirnaange), Kashim Ibrahiima (Fuɗnaange), Anthony Enahoro (Caka Hirnaange) e ‘Eni’ (Fuɗnaange), ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal ngam sosde laamu joofngu. Kono tan, darnde makko taƴaa ko e ɓuuɓri fitinaaji to Fuɗnaange.[10]: 240–241 [25]: 52–53 E nder geɗe tati mawɗe baɗnooɗe e fitinaaji mawɗi e hitaande 1966, ko e lewru oktoobar "ko ɓuri heewde e maayɗeele".[25]: 131 fitinaaji ɗii ko soldateeɓe Fuɗnaange e wuyɓe nokkuuji ɗii mbaɗi ɗum en, teeŋti noon e yan daba to Kano. Ko ɗum waɗi Igbo en heewɓe hoɗɓe e Fuɗnaange ndogi njalti Fuɗnaange ngam yiylaade kisal. Caggal nde ɓe muñi warngooji goɗɗi, diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo salii hootde e batuuji Ad Hoc.[25]: 52–56 [58]: 134–138 E joofnirde fitinaaji ɗii, "Ibo en fof ndogi Fuɗnaange, Hausa en Fuɗnaange". Diwgol mawngol fotde miliyoŋ Fuɗnaange addani faggudu Fuɗnaange ɓadtaade. Jaltugol ɗoon e ɗoon binnditagol, karallaagal, njulaagu, e gollotooɓe laamu, ina metti faggudu diiwaan oo no feewi, sibu sarwisaaji ɗii mbaawii tan ko heɓtude fotde 40% e tolnooji ko adii kuudetaa oo, yontereeji jeegom caggal ɗuum. Ngam wallude e safrude ndeeɗoo caɗeele, Aminu sosi Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Kano (anndiraa hannde Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Aminu Kano). Hassan Katsina, guwerneer militeer'en lesdi Fuunaange, jaɓi wallugo ngam yaawnugo kuugal ngal, Maitama Sule hokki saare maako bana nokkuure arandeere nde janngirde nde'e woni. Ina jeyaa e yimɓe woɗɓe wallitɓe eɓɓaande ndee, Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero, Aminu Dantata, Sani Gezawa, Inuwa Wada, e Tanko Yakasai. Aminu e hoore mum rokkii eɓɓaande ndee 250 mbuuɗu, tawi darnde mum fof ina tolnoo e 4 000 mbuuɗu. Aminu woni hooreejo duɗal ngal haa o maayi e hitaande 1983. Gooto e almuɓɓe duɗal ngal ɓurɓe teskinde ko Aliko Dangote, Afriknaajo ɓurɗo alɗude.[59][60] E fuɗɗoode lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Diiso Toowngo Konu (SMC) yuɓɓinii batu to Aburi, Ganaa, ngu daartoowo biyeteeɗo Max Siollun siftini wonde "diisnondiral doosgal daartol, ngal nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni sabaabu renndo e politik leydi Nijeer".[58]:-153 Batu nguu ɓuri waawde tawtoreede ko Ljukdum Ojuklo. Guwerneer Militeer Fuɗnaange, baɗɗo miijooji keewɗi. E nder ɗeen miijooji, ɓurɗi teeŋtude heen ko wonde diiwanuuji ɗii ina poti jaɓde kala kuule jowitiiɗe e mum en e ko fayi arde, tawa kadi denndaangal kuule gonɗe heen ɗee, luulndiiɗe ndeeɗoo feere, ina poti momteede. Ɗeeɗoo miijooji, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ƴaañde ndimaagu diiwaan oo, keɓii nanondiral gootal hakkunde denndaangal lanndaaji SMC. Kono nde Gowon arti Lagos, "gollotooɓe laamu makko ina mbeltii e luggiɗde e ballal makko e Ojukwu". Ndeen noon, nanondiral Aburi ngal meeɗaa huutoreede, ɗum addani jokkondiral hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde ndee ɓeydaade bonde.[25]: 56–57 [58]: 151–159 Nde ɗum jokki, Aminu; Yuusuf Tarka, hooreejo UMBC; Aliyu Makaman Bida, politik NPC ɓurɗo mawnude e wuurde ; e Umaru Dikko, hono binndoowo maɓɓe, ina njillondiri e Fuɗnaange ngam humpitaade yimɓe ɓee geɗe jooni ɗee, ko ɓuri teeŋtude kadi, ngam haɗde jeewte seertude e Fedde ndee. Jaɓɓungal ngal ina waɗi jeewte jamaanu e jokkondirde e amiiruuji e mawɓe diiwaan oo.[30]: 136 Ɓooytaani caggal njillu nguu, Aminu majjii ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Isa Wali e lewru feebariyee, baaba mum majjii e lewru mee.[10]: 246–250 [25]: Ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 1967, Gowon habri feccugol leydi Nijeer e dowlaaji sappo e ɗiɗi. Ko ɗum huunde nde leƴƴi pamari ɗi diiwanuuji nay mumtuɗi ɗii mawnini no feewi.[25]: 390 [61] Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii (FEC) sosaa ngam golloraade e les njiimaandi Diiso Toowngo Konu. FEC ina waɗi jooɗaniiɓe siwil en toɗɗaaɓe e nder kala diiwaan, ina poti wonde junngo njuɓɓudi laamu nguu. Aminu toɗɗaama ngam laataago wakiliijo lesdi Kano, o hokkaama darnde Komisinaajo Fedde nde'e ngam jokkirli.[10]: 253–254 === Hare nder leydi (1967-1970) === Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Balɗe tati caggal feccere diiwanuuji ɗii, Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko Republique de Biafra.[25]: 390 Caggal nde laamu nguu fooli eɓɓooji mum e "action police", Military-Government jaabtii e blockades. Caggal ɗuum, konu Biafran yani, heɓti laamu dowla hakkundeejo hirnaange (Bendel), ɗum addani Gowon bayyinde wolde.[58]: 162 E nder wolde ndee fof, Aminu ina jokki e wonde tergal FEC. O ardii goomu soodgol kaɓirɗe, tawi ina waɗi yah-ngartaa keewɗo e nder winndere ndee, haa arti noon e Orop, Amerik, Dental Sowiyet, e Afrik worgo, ngam kaaldigal e nanondiral kaɓirɗe.[62][63][64][4] E lewru mee 1968, Aminu tawtoraama yeewtere jam hakkunde Nijeer e Biafra yuɓɓinaande to Kampala, Uganndaa, hitaande wootere caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele. Chinua Achebe, winndiyanke Naajeeriya mawɗo, tawtoraama kadi yeewtere nde e nder delegaasiyoŋ Biafran. Ngolɗoo batu ko ngol woni go’o ko Achebe ina hawra e Aminu, o siftini : Miɗo siftora no feewi nde njiy-mi Aminu Kano mo delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya ina jooɗii yeeso ina ndaara mette no feewi. Ɗum ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri tiiɗde e ko gorko oo waɗi e am, so en ƴeewtindiima yimɓe hono mawɗo Enahoro mo wonnoo gardiiɗo delegaasiyoŋ oo ina ƴattondiri e jaaltaaɓe, haa arti noon e Asika. Aminu Kano wayi ko no seertuɗo nii; goonga noon, omo wayi no omo ndaara e nder windo. Nde gollodiiɓe makko ina kaala mawnikinaare e 6uu6ol e 6uu6ol men, Aminu Kano ina dee/i, ina 6uu6too.[65]: 138 Oo ko gorko mo weltaaki e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof walla no haala kaa yahrata. Ndeen pottital waɗii e am maande nde momtataa e Aminu Kano, e jikku makko e hakkille makko.[66] Aminu ɓadtiima hare ndee wonaa hare hakkunde leñol Igbo walla Diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɓooyɗo, kono ko hare seertude. E nder konngol makko ngol o haali e janngooɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abdullahi Bayero to Kano e lewru feebariyee 1970, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe, e laamu nguu, yo ɓe peewnu no haanirta nii ngam gartugol Biafranaaɓe. Aminu teeŋtinii : Ina woodi caɗeele naatgol Ibo en. Ɓe ngummii ko feccere mawnde e ndii leydi, ko heewi e ko ɓe ngummii ko koɗdiiɗo nokku oo ƴetti ɗum. Hol ko ɓe poti waɗde? Ɗum ina waɗi nafoore nde tawnoo eɗen kaɓa e maɓɓe ngam heddaade e leydi Nijeer. Min ɗon wi'a, "A waawataa yahugo. A foti heddaago Naajeeriya." So ɓe ngartii, mbele aɗa waawi haɗde ɓe jogaade geɗe walla leydi ? A waawaa waɗde noon. Hol no Ibo common waawirta ƴettude ɗuum? Ɓe mbiyi: “Min njiɗi ko yahde.” Min mbi'i, "Aa'a, sey a hedda haa lesdi Naajeeriya." Ɓe mbi'a: “Jooni min ngartii.” Hol ko mbaɗaten? Ko ɗeen ngoni caɗeele potɗe dañeede. Wonaa caɗeele koyɗe. Wonataa wiyde koɗorɗe to Sabon Gari, koɗorɗe to Tudun Wada, koɗorɗe to Kaduna ina toppitie. Mbele ɓe ngartat? E nder njulaagu maɓɓe? E yiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ngam jooɗaade e leydi Naajeeriya? Ɓiɓɓe men worɓe e rewɓe heewɓe njahii maayii e innde kawtal ngam haɓaade Ibos en e nder leydi Najeriya. Mbele aɗa waawi ostracize ɓe jooni? A waawaa. Hol ko njahataa waɗde? Hol ko woni porogaraam mon? Aɗa foti fuɗɗoraade peewnugol gila jooni. Heewaani ot wiyde, "Oh eey, eɓe ngarta."[8]: 356 === Reformeeji e nder diiwaan Kano === E nder diiwaan Kano keso oo, wonno ko limtooji ɗiɗi laamu ngenndi e sahaa laamu Gowon. Ɓeen ngoni Audu Bako, guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan Kano, e Aminu, komisariyaajo siwil e tergal FEC.[8]: 339 Reformeeji keewɗi mbaɗaama e nder Dowla oo, haa teeŋti noon e to bannge Emiraaji. Ñaawirɗe alkali ɓooyɗe ɗee lomtinaama ñaawirɗe nokkuuji, ñaawirde amiir oo fusi. Polis fedde nde e polis emiraaji ɗii kawri, mbaɗtaa e les njiimaandi komisariyaajo polis, toɗɗaaɗo e laamu fedde ndee. Diiwanuuji Emiraaji ɗii ndenndinaama e nokkuuji 8 njuɓɓudi, heen gooto fof ina jogii ofisee diiwaan toɗɗaaɗo, gardiiɗo binndoowo guwerneer militeer. Laamu ngenndi lomtinaama e laamu nokkuyankeewu (LGA), tawi ɓuri heen heewde ko Diiso Emiraaji e Goomu kuuɓtodinngu. Diiso Emiraaji ina waɗi tergal 40 tawi ko amiir woni hooreejo mum. Fotde tataɓe ɗiɗi e terɗe diiso ngoo ko nulaaɓe diiwanuuji, cuɓaama e woote. Diiso ngoo fof ko guwerneer militeer en toɗɗii ɗum e fuɗɗoode.[8]: 341–351 Hay so tawii doole amiir oo ustaama to Kano, haa teeŋti noon e fannu ñaawoore, omo jogii haa hannde doole keewɗe to bannge LGA. O joginoo ko mbaawka toɗɗaade denndaangal ardiiɓe diiwanuuji ɗii, omo waawi kadi waɗde heen geɗe kuuɓtodinɗe e doosɗe leydi e nder denndaangal tolnooji. Bako hollitii geɗe mum tati politik jowitiiɗe e peeje : hisnude geɗe ɓurɗe moƴƴude e laamu emiraaji gaadanteeji to Kano, ɓamtude wonɓe e laamu nguu e ɓesngu nguu rewrude e wakilaagu ; e waɗde ko tiiɗi e haɗooɓe laamu nguu. Hay so tawii Aminu haalaani e yeeso yimɓe fof ɗeen peeje, o anndaaka no feewi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe peeje. Heewɓe e miijooji makko gadani ko fayti e ustude laamu emiraaji ina mbaawi yiyeede e njuɓɓudi kesiri Dowla Kano, miijooji makko e ittude leydi e doole ñaawoore e nder emiraaji ina nganndaa no feewi.[8]: 341–351 [4] Bako ina wayi no toɗɗiima komisariyaaji makko tuugiiɗi e Aminud6. === Laamu Muhammadu (1975—1976) e laamu Obasanjo (1976—1979) === Caggal nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele joofi, o heɓi golle Komiseriyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Cellal e hitaande 1971. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa laamu fuɗɗii e dow Gowon, tawi Gowon ina lomtoo leydi Nijeer e batu 12ɓo Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik to Kampala. Murtala Muhammadu anndinaama hooreejo leydi e juuɗe kuudetaa en ñalnde 30 sulyee 1975.[58]: 175–183 Muhammadu waraa e kuudetaa mo ronkaama hitaande caggal ɗuum, lomtii mo ko cukko makko, hono Olusegun Obasanjo:[5]. Ko adii maayde makko, Muhammadu sosi Goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi (CDC) halfinaaɗo ƴettude doosɗe leydi kese ngam heblude laamu siwil. E lewru ut 1976, Obasanjo habri sosde Asaambele doosɗe ngam ƴeewtaade eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndi CDC feewni. Wooteeji ngam suɓaade Asaambele ngenndi mbaɗaama, kanndidaaji ɗii cuɓaama e Komiseer Fiilngo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FEDECO) keso oo. Aminu suɓaama, o suɓaama e dow jam.[4] Asaambele oo waɗii batuuji hakkunde oktoobar 1977 e lewru suwee 1978. Eɓɓaande doosgal Asaambele ndee yettinaama e Diiso Toowngo Konu e lewru ut. Caggal nde SMC jaɓi waylooji 17 eɓɓaande ndee, doosgal kesal ngal hollitaama e lewru suwee 1978.[68] "Haɗeede politik" kadi ustaama e oon ñalawma gooto, Naajeeriyankooɓe cemmbinaama ngam sosde lanndaaji politik ngam heblude wooteeji hitaande aroore ndee.[69]: 16 === Ndenndaandi ɗiɗaɓiri (1979—1983) === Caggal nde Seneraal Muhammadu hollitii peeje mum ngam artirde laamu siwil e hitaande 1979, Aminu yettini jokkondiral mum ngam sosde fedde politik. O jokki kadi e jokkondiral e pelle janngooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala.[69]: 50 Aminu caggal mum naati e fedde politik wiyeteende Mouvement National nde wonnoo ko yimɓe mawɓe, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange. Fedde ndee ko lomto toŋngoode fedde yeewtere Kaduna sosaande caggal kuudetaa 1966 mo joofni Republique gadano oo. Fedde ndee waɗii batuuji sirlu e nder ooɗoo sahaa fof, haa arti noon e noddirde yimɓe politik mawɓe to bannge worgo leydi ndii ngam « sosde lannda ngenndiijo goonga ». Caggal nde haɗeede politik ustaa e lewru suwee 1978, lomto mum, hono lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN), sosaa.[30]: 206–207 [69]: 57–58 === Sosde PRP === Ñalnde heen ko adii udditgol NPN kono, Aminu yalti fedde nde ngam sosde, ina waɗa batu to Yaba, Lagos. NPN yaawi neldude Joseph Tarka e Inuwa Wada (koɗo mawniiko) ngam waawnude mo yo o hoot. Aminu jaɓi neldude wallidiiɓe joy to udditgol ngol nde o jokki e joɗnde makko, o meeɗaa hootde to NPN.[30]: 207 Sabaabuuji laaɓtuɗi gaddanɗi Aminu yaltude NPN ina keddii, kono ina woodi miijooji ceertuɗi ceertuɗi. E wiyde Shehu Shagari, tergal gadanal e nder NPN, caggal ɗuum kanndidaa gooto e lannda kaa, batu nguu, ko adii nde laamu nguu fuɗɗotoo, hollitii wonde won terɗe goomu toppitiingu nguu ina poti jogaade golle keertiiɗe e nder dumunna. Aminu ko mawɗo Adisa Akinloye suɓi ɗum ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe. Kono, o suɓiima ɗoon e ɗoon Tanko Yakasai, gonnooɗo tergal NEPU mo o miijii ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo moƴƴude e oon darnde nde tawnoo omo jogii humpito jowitiingo e ɗuum. NPN hollitii wonde miijo Akinloye ngoo addani Aminu woppude laamu nde tawnoo ina sikkaa ko « tooñde darnde makko ngenndiire ». Shagari siftinii ndee firo ko "deduction plausible kono ko feewti e majjere".[30]: 207 PRP caggal ɗuum wiyi wonde ndee firo ko fenaande sabu darnde ndee ina waawi rokkude Aminu "plateforme moƴƴo ngam mahngo natal".[69]: 58–59 Yiyngo ngoɗngo e haala kaa ummii ko e sehilaaɓe politik Aminu, haa teeŋti noon e Kano, ko wayi no Lawan Dambazau, Lili Gabari, Dauda Dangalan, e Sabo Bakin Zuwo. E wiyde maɓɓe, nde o anndi Aminu saliima hootde to NPN, Aminu Dantata yaawi yahde Kano, o noddi batu to galle makko e yimɓe heewɓe teeŋtuɓe, ina heen jom en njulaagu, politik, gollotooɓe laamu, e annduɓe ummoriiɓe Kano. Faandaare ndeeɗoo hawriinde ko yiylaade laabi ngam waawde waawnude Aminu ngam nanondirde e NPN. Tawtoraaɓe heewɓe mbaɗti yeewtidde e haala kaa, e wiyde mo yo o hawru e lannda kaa. Dr. Ibrahim Datti Ahmed, gonnooɗo hooreejo-General Diisnondiral toowngal ngam Sharia e nder leydi Nijeer, o rokkaama fartaŋŋe haalde, e wiyde Dambazau, "o ñaawii Mallam Aminu no gaño worgo; gaño juɓɓule aadaaji; gaño mo, theNP ɓe mbaawaano". Dambazau teskiima hay gooto daranaaki Aminu, etaade haɗde Datti e nder haala mum. Caggal haala Datti, Aminu fawi hoore mum, batu nguu jippii e jiiɓru, ɗum addani ngu jokkude haa janngo mum.[41]: 59–60 Aminu rafi ko adii batu garoowo, o woni e leeso balɗe. E nder rafi makko, wallidiiɓe Aminu ummoriiɓe nokkuuji ceertuɗi e nder leydi ndii, ina jeyaa heen Balarabe Muusa (mo Kaduna), A.D Yahya, Ananobi (mo Port Harcourt), B.K. Benson (ummo Lagos), e Dandatti Abdulkadir, Dahiru Liman, e Dambazau (kamɓe fof ummiiɓe Kano), kawri to Kano ngam yeewtidde e makko e geɗe garooje ɗe o jogori rewde.[41]: 60–62 Waɗooɓe Aminu yuɓɓinii batu mawngu, caggal ɗuum ɓe inniri ɗum Taron Rami, firti ko "batu diƴƴe". Tawaaɓe e ndeeɗoo batu ciftinii wonde Aminu ina tooña, ina hormaa NPN e terɗe mum, ɗum addani mo ƴettude kuulal ngam sosde lannda mum politik. Wowooɓe e hiirde nde ko Dambazau, Usmaan Nagado, e Abuubakar Rimi. Hay so tawii o rafii e leeso, Aminu neldi nulaaɓe e nder ngenndi ndii ngam jokkondirde e wallidiiɓe makko e wondiiɓe makko ngam yeewtidde e golle garooje ɗee. Caggal jaabawuuli moƴƴi, o sosi goomu ngam lelnude golle lannda kaa. Lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP) udditaa to Kaduna ñalnde 21 oktoobar 1978, tawi ina noddira senndikaaji radikal en, artisaneeɓe, remooɓe, jannginooɓe yahruɓe yeeso, jaayndiyankooɓe, winndooɓe, e wonnooɓe terɗe NEPU e nder renndo mum. Terɗe lannda ka arandeeji tedduɗi ina mbaɗi yimɓe mawɓe e nder leydi ndii kala, ko wayi no Sam Ikoku, Abubakar Rimi, Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Yusufu Bala Usman, Umaru Musa Yar’Adua, Sule Lamido, Ghali Umar Na’Abba, Sabo Bakin Zuke, Michael Im Udditgol ngol e lewru Oktoobar ina wiyee addani "yimɓe heewɓe ɓe ngoongɗinaaka e nder kala fannu nguurndam."[41]: 62–65 [69]: 56–58 === 1979 suɓol leydi Najeriya === Winndannde mawnde: Suɓngo hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1979 Wooteeji mbaɗaama hakkunde 7 lewru juko e 11 lewru bowte hitaande 1979. Ko lanndaaji joy tan mbaawi tawtoreede ɗeen wooteeji, so wonaa NPN e PRP, tati keddiiɗi ɗii ko Awolowo ardii lannda ngootaagu leydi Najeriya (UPN), Azikiwe ardii lannda yimɓe leydi Najeriya (NPP), e lannda leñol Nijeer (NPP), e lannda leñol Najeriya mawɗo ( Wahirid People's Party). NPC ko politik. Suɓol ngol woni arandewol ngol waɗaama nder duuɓi 15, ngol woni arandewol nder Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya ngol rewɓe ɗon mari haaje tawtoreede. Aminu suɓaama ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP, kono FEDECO salii mo yamiroore ngam tawtoreede woote sabu ŋakkeende to bannge njoɓdi, o ɗaɓɓiraa ko yo o rokku « hujjaaji ɓurɗi laaɓtude ». Aminu salii yoɓde kala ko yowitii e njoɓdi ndi wonaa njoɓdi ndi ɓe ndokki Naajeeriya fof tawa ko e njoɓdi. O laɓɓinaama haa jooni ɓaawo bayyinaango ñaawirdu yalti ngam wallitde Aminu wiyde o waasaani yoɓde njoɓdi.[70][71] Ina ɓeydoo laaɓtude wonde NPN ina « jogori heɓde laamu » nde wooteeji ɗii njahrata yeeso. Caggal nde lannda kaa heɓi nafoore mawnde e wooteeji Asaambele ngenndi, lanndaaji tawtoraaɗi ɗii puɗɗii eɓɓude e sosde nanondiral. Ñalnde 28 sulyee, lanndaaji tati e nder lanndaaji joy ɗii — woni UPN, NPP, e GNPP — kawri to Lagos ngam waɗde fedde ngam haɓaade NPN. PRP noddaama ngam naatde e ndee fedde kono jaabaaki.[72] Ko nanndi e ɗuum, ko NPN ƴetti e PRP rewrude e Shehu Shagari, kanndidaa NPN ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi. E nder deftere makko, o wiyi o waɗii ndee eɓɓaande ko nde Aminu woni e etaade heɓde FEDECO ngam laaɓtinde mo. O etinooma faamnude Aminu yo yaltu e woote gardagol leydi « nde tawnoo enen ɗiɗo fof eɗen nganndi fartaŋŋe makko ina ŋakki ». E nder ɗuum, PRP ina waawi ɓurde tiiɗnaade e wooteeji goɗɗi ɗii, e « tawtoreede laamu fedde NPN ». E wiyde Shagari, Aminu jaɓii kono ko e sarɗiiji ɗiɗi : maa o yeewtid e terɗe lannda makko, o ɗaɓɓa yamiroore, kadi o luulnda kuulal ngal FEDECO ƴetti e ñaawirdu ngam « daranaade innde makko moƴƴere ». Aminu laɓɓinaama ñalnde 1 ut 1979, waktuuji seeɗa ko adii lajal toɗɗagol hooreejo leydi. O ummiima Kano o fayti Lagos ñalnde heen ngam waɗde kaayitaaji makko to FEDECO. Ɗum addani Shagari wiyde wonde PRP jaɓaani nanondiral maɓɓe ngal.[30]: 225 [73][74]: 90 Woote hooreleydaagu baɗnooɗe ñalnde 11 ut, Aminu heɓi tan ko e nder diiwaan mum Kano, ɗo o dañi 76% e wooteeji ɗii. E nder leydi ndii fof, o dañii 1 732 113 woote, ko ina tolnoo e 10% e wooteeji ɗi o heɓi ɗii fof.[69]: 187 PRP ƴettii woote ɗee no hare e nder Kano nii, o waɗii kampaañ propagande yaajɗo ngam ɓamtude ndeeɗoo daartol, addani lannda oo heɓde nafoore mawnde e nder leydi ndii dowla.[69]: 110 [74][75]: 83 Yanti heen, PRP heɓi nafooje e wooteeji ɗiɗi guwerneeruuji : Abubakar Rimi to Kano (e 79% e wooteeji) e Balarabe Musa to Kaduna (e 45% e wooteeji). E wiyde Shagari, Aminu ko kampaañ baawɗo golle, tee "ina teskii yimɓe no feewi, ina yurminii ɓe no feewi" kono o waawaano ɓurde nafoore e nder leydi ndii fof sabu "PRP makko ina ŋakki njuɓɓudi mawndi e kaɓirɗe potɗe huutoreede ngam kampaañ moƴƴo e nder leydi ndii kala".[30]: 223 Ñalnde 16 lewru nduu, FEDECO yaltini njeñtudi woote gardagol leydi ndii. Shagari hollitaama ko kañum heɓi 5 688 857 woote e nder leydi ndii kala.[69]: 139 === Jaabawuuli === Anndinoore FEDECO ndee ina waɗi luural, sibu Azikiwe, lomtii lanndaaji nay ɗi keɓaani nafoore, salii "e nder mum fof, tawa alaa ko heddii heen, bayyinaango Alhaji Shehu Shagari wonde hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo".[69]: 145 [76] Ñaawirde Supree e Awolo app eeraango.[69]: 148 Caggal nde Shagari bayyinaa wonde hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo, kawral hakkunde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii, tawi jooni ina jeyaa heen PRP, tiiɗtii, ɗum addani NPN laamɗo oo yiylaade kawral mum. Ɓe ɓami lanndaaji nay keddiiɗi ɗii ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal, ko PRP adii jaɓde, e wiyde Shagari. Kono ko NPP Azikiwe joofni e ‘nanondiral’ e lannda laamu nguu. Sarɗiiji nanondiral ngal, ko wakili’en lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii njoofni ñalnde 22 ut, balɗe ɗiɗi caggal nde Azikiwe haali konngol mum ngam salaade bayyinaango Shagari. Batuuji jowitiiɗi e sarɗiiji nanondiral ngal puɗɗii ko ñalnde 20 ut, ñalngu nguu konngol ngol waɗi. E wiyde daartoowo biyeteeɗo Oyeleye Oyediran, gooto e nanondiral baɗngal e nder batuuji ɗii ko feewti e Aminu, holliri wonde "peeje keertiiɗe ina poti waɗeede ngam Alhaji Aminu Kano, hooreejo PRP, ko lannda makko ngam naatde e fedde nde."[69]: 156–158 Ko ɓuri hitaande e nder laamu Shagari, nanondiral NPN-NPP ngal yanii hay so tawii lannda laamu nguu rokkii terɗe NPP geɗe ardorde teeŋtuɗe. Nanondiral ngal joofi ko ñalnde 6 sulyee 1981, caggal nanondiral hakkunde lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii.[77] === PRP feccii === Won e lebbi e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓo, guwerneeruuji 9 ummoriiɗi e UPN, GNPP, e PRP mbaɗii batuuji lewru kala ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte e ɓe ndarni wullitaango maɓɓe e laamu Shagari. Ɓeen guwerneeruuji njiytiraa ko no luulndo politik ɓurngo mawnude e lannda laamu nguu. Ɗum addani PRP jiiɓru nde tawnoo ardiiɓe lannda ka ɓurɓe waawde – hooreejo mum Aminu e Sekereteer mum ngenndiijo, S.G. Ikoku – teeŋtinii gollondiral e NPN, won heen terɗe ɓurɗe radikal, ina heen guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii, Abubakar Rimi e Balarabe Musa, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe terɗe niver the Goun N luulndii kala sifaa gollondiral.[77] Feddeeji ɗiɗi mbaɗi e nder lannda kaa. Fedde 'radical' ndee ko ɓuri heewde ko "ina tiiɗi e waylo-waylo radikal e doosɗe sosiyaalist en." Ɓe njoginoo ko yiɗde "jokkondiral udditiingal hakkunde doole kisal". Ina waɗi heen yoga e terɗe sosɗe lannda kaa, ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji mayru, annduɓe mayri teeŋtuɓe, e guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii. Nde wonnoo fedde woɗnde ndee ko terɗe lannda ɓurɗe teskin’de e miijooji ceertuɗi. Ɓe cemmbini ‘neɗɗaagu demokaraasi’ ɓurngu yooɗde e Aminu Kano, ɓe njogii ko miijo wonde haɓde e laamu Shagari “ina foti rokkude, ko famɗi fof, e oo sahaa, ko foti wonde darnde ngootaagu ngenndi e gollondiral hakkunde lanndaaji.” Ndee fedde ina waɗi leftist en mawɓe—hono Ikoku—njulaagu, annduɓe, e terɗe lannda goɗɗe lolluɗe e Aminu.[77][78]: 143 Fedde radikal ndee wiyetee ko Santsi (‘slippery’ e ɗemngal Hausa) caggal nde Aminu wiyi ɓe ngoni ko e ŋoral ŋoral. Rimi jaabii ndeen wonde ‘won e ardiiɓe lanndaaji’ ‘ina njuɓɓina e nder loope’, ko ɗum waɗi fedde daraniiɓe Aminu ndee ina wiyee Taɓo (‘loope’ e ɗemngal Hausa).[41]: 432 [79] E nder ndunngu 1980, nde Aminu woni caggal leydi ngam safrude, ardorde PRP haɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii tawtoreede batuuji guwerneeruuji jeenay ɗii. Nde o arti, o waawaano jokkondirde hakkunde pelle ɗiɗi ɗee, o jokkondiri e fedde Taɓo, o jaɓi heen golle sosngo lannda. Nde guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo ɗii ndartini tawtoreede batuuji ɗii hay so tawii ko yamiroore nde, ɓe ndiiwaa e lannda kaa. E nder jaabawol, fedde Santsi, wiynde ko PRP goonga, noddi batu lannda e lewru desaambar 1980, ɗo ɓe ndiiwi Aminu e Ikoku, ɓe lomtini ɗum en mawɗo Michael Imodu e Abubakar Rimi. Kono, hay so tawii noon ko heewi e depiteeji PRP ina ngondi e fedde Santsi, FEDECO jaɓii Aminu wonde hooreejo PRP laawɗuɗo.[77][80]: 13 Feddeeji ɗiɗi mbaɗi e nder lannda kaa. Fedde 'radical' ndee ko ɓuri heewde ko "ina tiiɗi e waylo-waylo radikal e doosɗe sosiyaalist en." Ɓe njoginoo ko yiɗde "jokkondiral udditiingal hakkunde doole kisal". Ina waɗi heen yoga e terɗe sosɗe lannda kaa, ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji mayru, annduɓe mayri teeŋtuɓe, e guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii. Nde wonnoo fedde woɗnde ndee ko terɗe lannda ɓurɗe teskin’de e miijooji ceertuɗi. Ɓe cemmbini ‘neɗɗaagu demokaraasi’ ɓurngu yooɗde e Aminu Kano, ɓe njogii ko miijo wonde haɓde e laamu Shagari “ina foti rokkude, ko famɗi fof, e oo sahaa, ko foti wonde darnde ngootaagu ngenndi e gollondiral hakkunde lanndaaji.” Ndee fedde ina waɗi leftist en mawɓe—hono Ikoku—njulaagu, annduɓe, e terɗe lannda goɗɗe lolluɗe e Aminu.[77][78]: 143 Fedde radikal ndee wiyetee ko Santsi (‘slippery’ e ɗemngal Hausa) caggal nde Aminu wiyi ɓe ngoni ko e ŋoral ŋoral. Rimi jaabii ndeen wonde ‘won e ardiiɓe lanndaaji’ ‘ina njuɓɓina e nder loope’, ko ɗum waɗi fedde daraniiɓe Aminu ndee ina wiyee Taɓo (‘loope’ e ɗemngal Hausa).[41]: 432 [79] E nder ndunngu 1980, nde Aminu woni caggal leydi ngam safrude, ardorde PRP haɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii tawtoreede batuuji guwerneeruuji jeenay ɗii. Nde o arti, o waawaano jokkondirde hakkunde pelle ɗiɗi ɗee, o jokkondiri e fedde Taɓo, o jaɓi heen golle sosngo lannda. Nde guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo ɗii ndartini tawtoreede batuuji ɗii hay so tawii ko yamiroore nde, ɓe ndiiwaa e lannda kaa. E nder jaabawol, fedde Santsi, wiynde ko PRP goonga, noddi batu lannda e lewru desaambar 1980, ɗo ɓe ndiiwi Aminu e Ikoku, ɓe lomtini ɗum en mawɗo Michael Imodu e Abubakar Rimi. Kono, hay so tawii noon ko heewi e depiteeji PRP ina ngondi e fedde Santsi, FEDECO jaɓii Aminu wonde hooreejo PRP laawɗuɗo.[77][80]: 13 === 1981 Kano fitina === Ñalnde 7 sulyee 1981, guwerneer Rimi yaltini ɓataake feewde e Emir Kano, hono Ado Bayero, ina tuuma ɗum wonde o anniyaaki hormaade laamu diiwaan Kano. Ɓataake oo ina ɗaɓɓi jaabawol e nder waktuuji 48 ngam hollirde hol ko waɗi kuule diisnondiral fotaani ƴetteede. Ɓataake oo siforaama e jaaynde wiyeteende West Africa wonde « ɓuri waasde hormaade... ina fotnoo wasiyaade binndoowo, kono... ina fotnoo haaldude e hooreejo aadaaji e diine [teddinaaɗo] ». Diineeji e hakkillaaji goɗɗi cemmbinɗi kadi ñiŋii ɓataake oo, kam e kaalirde fedde Taɓo. NPN huutoriima ngonka kaa ko yaawi, e wiyde "yimɓe moƴƴuɓe" yo "rewru e juɓɓule mum en gaadanteeje".[77] Fitinaaji puɗɗii ñalnde 10 sulyee 1981, to Kano, tawi ko cuuɗi laamu keewɗi wuli, ina jeyaa heen Sekretariyaa laamu leydi ndii, Rajo Kano, e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Joɗnde fedde Santsi e hoɗorɗe mawɓe e laamu Rimi kadi ko ko njiylotonoo. Doktoor Bala Mohammed Bauchi, mawɗo jaagorgal Rimi to bannge politik, kadi ko kañum woni ganndo mawɗo e nder lannda ka, maayi e nder yiite ngee. Jaaynde Afrik worgo limtii bonnugol fitinaaji ɗii fof ko ₦100 miliyoŋ e nder tonngoode mum 20 sulyee 1981. Ardiiɓe fedde Santsi tuumi NPN e Aminu ko kamɓe njuɓɓini fitinaaji ɗii ngam "reende doole maɓɓe politik".[77] === Caggal mum === Warngo Doktoor Bala Mohammed ɓeydii luggiɗde e feccere e nder PRP. Ko adii hitaande nde, Balarabe Musa, guwerneer PRP mo Kaduna, ƴaɓɓii laamu e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi NPN ɓuri heewde. E hitaande 1982, o yaltini deftere wiyeteende « Hare ngam waylude renndo e faggudu » , o tuumi heen Aminu wonde ko kañum yuɓɓini warngooji baɗnooɗi e hitaande 1981 ɗii. Musa ɓeydi heen wonde hay so tawii "denndaangal haalaaji makko, taali makko, geɗe makko, e peeje makko, Mallam Aminu Kano waawaano heɓde laamu men e ko ɓuri heewde e lannda kaa ngam janfaade Porogaraam men mawɗo oo."[81]: 162 Caggal nde terɗe keewɗe jogiiɗe doole e nder PRP riiwaa, fedde Santsi ndee feccii, sabu geɗe bayɗe no wooteeji, kiris nguurndam, e luural peeñngal. Abubakar Rimi naati e NPP Azikiwe, Balarabe Muusa etinooma jokkondirde e Aminu.[82] Musa hollitii e yeewtere 2012 wonde rafi Aminu e nder ooɗoo sahaa addi mo « ko ɓuri heewde e ko o anndaa ko woni e sara makko », ko ɗum « won e yimɓe bonɓe wonɓe e sara makko ». Muusaa siftini kadi anniya Aminu ngam yuɓɓinde batu nanondiral e galle mum, kono cellal makko bonngal haɗi ɗum, ɗum addani mo maayde haa jooni.[83] E nder heblo woote hooreleydaagu 1983, Aminu suɓii Bola Ogunbo ngam won'de hooreejo leydi ndii, ko ngol woni go'o ko debbo ina jogori jogaade darnde e nder leydi ndii.[84] Kono o sankii ko ñalnde 17 abriil 1983, lebbi keewɗi ko adii woote ɗee.[85] == Wade == Caggal nde o dañi rafi mboros bonɗo sabu rafi mboros cerebral, Aminu Kano sankii ñalnde 17 abriil 1983 to galle makko to Kano. O wirnaa ko ñalnde heen e nder galle makko.[86] Gila hitaande 2001, hitaande kala, ñalngu mawningol maayde makko ina waɗee e nder galle Mambayya.[87] == Njawdi == Naajeeriya waawataa wonde noon kadi sabu Aminu Kano ina hoɗi ɗoo. — Chinua Achebe, Natal Afrik / Caɗeele e Naajeeriya[88] Batte Aminu ina njokki e ƴellitaade e nder politik leydi Najeriya ko juuti caggal maayde makko. Heewɓe e almuɓɓe makko gila e balɗe makko e nder PRP njahi haa ɓe ngonti yimɓe mawɓe e nder politik leydi Najeriya, haa teeŋti noon e jamaanu Republique nayaɓere (1999—hannde). Teskaama e nder ɓeeɗoo politikaaji ko Sule Lamido, gonnooɗo guwerneer Jigawa tuggi 2007 haa 2015, e teddungal Aminu, mahii Triangle Mallam Aminu Kano to Dutse;[89] Ghali Umar Na'Abba; joginooɗo jappeere hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii tuggi3990. e ɓurɗo teeŋtude, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, gardinooɗo leydi Nijeer gila 2007 haa o maayi ñalnde 5 lewru mbooy hitaande 2010.[4][90] Ina gasa tawa maande ɓurnde tiiɗde e batte Aminu jokkuɗe e politik leydi Najeriya ina yiyee e nder diiwaan makko Kano. Politiyankooɓe yiɗɓe ballal talakawa ina keewi wiyde ko kamɓe ngoni ‘lomtiiɓe Aminu Kano’, tawi ko gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Kano e ƴamoowo hooreejo leydi Rabiu Kwankwaso woni yeru maantinɗo.[4][91] === Sinemaaji e pijirlooji Hausa === Ƴeew kadi: Sinema ɗemngal Hausa Nde o woni suka, Aminu ina heewi waɗde pijirlooji ɗi o huutortoo ngam waɗde "wullitaango makko, ñiŋooje makko, e yiɗdeeji makko e mbaadi pijirlooji". E nder ɗeen pijirlooji, o heewnoo ko reende darnde ardiinde ndee e hoore makko, o rokka geɗe goɗɗe ɗee wondiiɓe makko pijirlooji ɗii.[10]: 43–44 Caggal ɗuum, nde o woni almuudo to duɗal hakkundeewal Kano, o woni gadano winndude golle pijirlooji e ɗemngal Hausa.[15]:] Which heduna the 92 sosi Fedde Dramatique, o winndi heen pijirlooji keewɗi ɗi o: ...ƴami huuwugo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nden ɓe ɗon ƴama system emiraaji haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder pijirlooji ɗii, Kai wane ne a kasuwar Kano da ba za a cuce ka ba? (‘Ko mbaaw-ɗaa wonde fof, aɗa foolee e luumo Kano’) o hollitii huutoraade yimɓe leydi e juuɗe njulaagu ɓe ngalaa ɓerɗe, e nder Karya Fure take ba ta ‘ya’ya (‘Fenaande ina ɓuuɓna kono alaa ko heɓata’) o umminii caɗeele njoɓdi ɓurtundi ndi yimɓe teeru Hausa en njoɓata. E nder duuɓi 1939—1941 Aminu Kano winndi ko ina tolnoo e pijirlooji juutɗi capanɗe ɗiɗi ngam huutoraade duɗe ɗe o jaɓaani yoga e aadaaji nokkuuji ɓooyɗi kam e golle laamu ngenndi e nder njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi koloñaal ndi wonaa to bannge njuɓɓudi.[8]: 276] [15: E hitaande 1940, e nder batu kuuɓtodinngu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaande kala fedde sukaaɓe mawɓe Kaduna (hannde Fedde sukaaɓe mawɓe Barewa), batu ɗo almudɓe duɗal ngal « kawri e yeewtere welnde hakkunde mum en », Aminu, e oon sahaa ko almuudo haa jooni, yuɓɓini pijirlooji mum Kai wane ne a kasuwar Kanotendees to KOBA. E wiyde Abubakar Imam, jeyaaɗo e tawtoraaɓe ɓee, ‘yiylotooɓe’ ɓee njiyri pijirlooji ɗii ko no « politik nii, baawɗi bonnude ko ɓuri moƴƴude e deeƴre diiwaan oo, haa teeŋti noon e hare winndereere » . Ɗum addani ardiiɓe duɗal ngal salaade jaɓɓaade kala batuuji garooji e jokkondirde e KOBA.[23]: 162 Aminu heɓi heen miijo mum ko e winndooɓe mawɓe hono Sekseer,[95]: 284 Rousseau, Voltaire, e Tom Paine, e etaade waylude golle mum en ngam heɗtiiɓe Hausa en.[94] O heewi wonde ko binndoowo pijirlooji, fijoowo, e gardotooɗo e nder pijirlooji makko, sahaa e sahaa fof omo wayla binndanɗe e pijirlooji walla omo huutoroo geɗe asliije tiiɗɗe. Kanko e gollodiiɓe makko ɓe mbaɗii dingiral, ɓe noddi yimɓe ɓee ngam seedaade kollirɗe maɓɓe, heewɓe heen ko e kewuuji hono Sallah. Ɗee golle keɓii weltaare, sahaa e sahaa fof ina ngadda heen hay amiir e ardiiɓe diiwanuuji. Aminu waɗii miijooji renndo e ñiŋooje rewrude e ɗeen pijirlooji e kollirɗe. Pijirlooji gooti teskiniiɗi, ɗi puɗɗii innireede Kar Ka Bata Hajin Naka (‘Wota bonnu hajjuuji maa’), caggal ɗuum ɗi inniri Alhaji Ka Iya Kwanga (‘Alhaji, aɗa anndi no njiyru-ɗaa Conga’), jeertinii Naajeeriyankooɓe e waasde nanngeede e njiimaandi ɓurndi toowde e laabi Hirnaange, teeŋtinirɗi. E nder ɗuum, o wiyi yo waylo waylo rewrude e jaŋde e nder aadaaji maɓɓe.[10]: 55 Hay so tawii o neldii pijirlooji makko keewɗi to Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo, jaaynde laamu nde ɗemngal Hausa, hay heen gootal jaɓaaka.[8]: 277 [94] E wiyde Abdalla Uba Adamu, ‘Establishment aadaaji ɗii fof ina tiiɗi no feewi ngam jaɓde ƴeewndo binndol keeriiɗo e maɓɓe,9. Pijirlooji Aminu Kano ina njogii batte e nder sinemaaji Hausa, pijirlooji makko keewɗi mbaɗtaa e filmuuji.[96] O ɓuri teeŋtude ko e Maitama Sule, gooto e ƴettuɓe sinemaa Hausa ko adii. Sule siftinii yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna caggal nde Aminu heɓi bak mum, o siftini wonde fotde pijirlooji ɗi o waɗi ɗii fof ko Aminu winndi ɗi.[10]: 56–57 O ɓeydi heen wonde o siftorii sahaa gooto ɗo: ...almuɓɓe ndarni haa nokkuure laanawol lesdi ngam salmingo Aminu nde ɓe nani o ɗon yaha diga Kano haa Bauchi, o ɗon jooɗa wakkati seɗɗa haa Kaduna. Lonngere ndee leeltinii waktuuji keewɗi, kamɓe fof ɓe ndartiima e ladde ngam waɗde pijirlooji makko ɗi ɓe ngollotonoo ɗii. Aminu, nde o ari, o naati e fedde nde...[10]: 57 Sule waɗii darnde mawnde e sosde gooto e sosiyeteeji peewnugol filmuuji gadani e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, hono Maitama Sule Drama Group.[94] Ɗemɗe makko renndo e politik ina keewi feeñde e filmuuji Najeriya, haa teeŋti e ɗi ɗemngal Hausa.[97] === Miijooji peewnitgol === Aminu Kano naati e Dental Progressive Elements Nord ngam wonde fedde politik ngam haɓaade ko o miijii ko golle otokaraasi e fedde laamu Native Northern. O feewni njiimaandi makko e elite laamu nguu haa arti noon e amiir en, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Fulɓe. Doole plateau makko semmbinaama heen seeɗa sabu background makko. Baaba makko ko Alkali golloowo to Kano ummoriiɗo e leñol diineeji lislaam, Aminu Kano kadi addi miijooji lislaam ko fayti e potal e nder laabi kampaañ mum e nder republique gadano. Talakawas (commons) ɗuuɗɓe haa Kano ndarni ɓaawo nulal maako nden darnde maako nder siyaasa mawni diga ballal yimɓe Kano e soodooɓe pamari egguɓe haa woyla.[98] Heewɓe e njulaagu nguu caggal ɗuum njooɗiima e birooji NEPU. O yiɗi kadi huutoraade politik ngam sosde renndo fotngo e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Miijo makko mawngo ngoɗngo e nder fuɗɗoode republique gadano oo, ko ruppitde lanndaaji tuugiiɗi e leƴƴi. Miijo ngoo jaɓɓaama no feewi e ballal makko ummoriingal e njulaagu tokoosi e gollooɓe e nder gure saraaji laawol laana njoorndi. Worɓe e rewɓe ɓuri heewde ko yimɓe eggooɓe yiylotooɓe fartaŋŋeeji njulaagu, tee ina njogii nanondiral leƴƴi seeɗa e renndooji jaɓɓotooɗi ɗum en ɗii. O holliti kadi njuɓɓudi fiscal ndi ina yiɗi yoɓde alɗuɓe e nder diiwaan hee, tee ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ardiiɓe politikaaji leydi Najeriya, ballitooji potal hakkeeji rewɓe. Mallam Aminu Kano ko siyaasyanke teddinaaɗo no feewi e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. O maantinii demokaraasi, doole rewɓe e ndimaagu haala. Aeroport, kolees e kadi mbedda mawɗo kadi ina inniree mo to Kano. Galle makko ɗo o hoɗi e ɗo o maayi e ɗo o wirnaa, wayliima wonti nokku wiɗto e heblo demokaraasi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero Kano === Doole rewɓe === Kuutoragol Aminu luggiɗngol e yumma mum e caɗeele renndo ɗe o fotnoo dañde, addani mo waɗde doole rewɓe e nder nguurndam makko.<ref name=":173">{{Cite journal|editor-last=Wakili|editor-first=Haruna|title=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.academia.edu/38919731|journal=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|date=January 2019|publisher=Mambayya House, Centre for Democratic Studies, Bayero University|publication-place=[[Kano, Nigeria]]}}</ref>: 53 O reentii e jogaade rewɓe heewɓe, o wiyi wonde Qur'aana ina jaɓi juulɗo resde haa rewɓe nayo hay so tawii ko impsuret tan wadugo. O firti ɗum ko Qur’aana jaɓaani dewgal keewngal. Goongɗinɗo no feewi jaŋde ko feere ngam rimɗinde rewɓe, o wallitorii duɗal rewɓe ngal hawri e galle makko gila 1952 haa o sankii e hitaande 1983, o rokki heen janngirɗe e golle juuɗe, e sewnde, e Hausa, e binndol e ɗemngal Engele. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi ɗi o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, o winndi denndaangal binndanɗe makko teskinɗe e "Caɗeele jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe e nder [[Kano]]".<ref name=":149">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 290–291 <ref name=":121">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 102 <ref name=":122">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref> E nder nguurndam makko politik, Aminu ina jokki e haɓaade ittugol rewɓe e nguurndam renndo e geɗe politik laaɓtuɗe. O ƴetti miijooji lislaam ɗii « ndimaagu », « jihaadi » e « nuunɗal » ngam wallitde doole rewɓe, o waɗti ɗum e ngoƴa mawɗo e nder lannda makko politik. E bannge ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Isa Wali, o daraniima ndeeɗoo feere e kitaale 1950 e 1960, darnde nde heewaani yiyeede e oon sahaa. E nder kitaale 1970 e 1980, e gartugol demokaraasi e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], lannda ''People’s Redemption Party'' (PRP), e gardagol makko, ummii ko e lannda politik tan e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], jogorɗo haɓaade ndee ɗoo haala, Aminu wonti jokkondiral tiiɗngal e daranaade hakkeeji rewɓe ko ɓuri kala politikyanke leydi ndii. O hollitii wonde Qur'aana ina rokka juulɓe hakke "jogaade haala laaɓtuka e geɗe dowla walla wakiliijo mo o suɓii".<ref name=":163">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref>: 153 <ref name=":164">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/womenstatedevelo0000unse|title=Women, the state, and development|date=1989|publisher=Albany : State University of New York Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7914-0064-7|editor-last=M. Charlton|editor-first=Sue Ellen|pages=108|editor-last2=Everett|editor-first2=Jana|editor-last3=Staudt|editor-first3=Kathleen}}</ref> So tawiino o tawtoraama wooteeji hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1983, ko kanko woni debbo Bola Ogunbo, ko ngol woni go’o ko debbo [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ina suɓee e jappeere laamu toownde. O wiyi yo rewɓe ɓeydu naatde e geɗe renndo, o waɗta eɓɓooji jaŋde mawɗi wonande rewɓe rewrude e lannda makko PRP, o toɗɗii rewɓe heewɓe e golle renndo. E nder lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi o ardii ɗii, hono Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (NEPU) tuggi 1953 haa 1966 e PRP tuggi 1978 haa 1983, rewɓe ina cemmbinaa e politik. Kono, nde tawnoo ɗeen lanndaaji ina cosi baɗe rewɓe, ina kaɓa e geɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde e hakkeeji woote, ina keewi ustude terɗe rewɓe ngam haɓaade geɗe ɓurɗe yaajde e dow ndimaagu mum en. Baagal rewɓe, hay so ina woodi, ardaani waylooji moƴƴi walla mbayliigu wonande rewɓe.<ref name=":162">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref>: 157 === Duɗe lislaamiyya === E nder kitaale 1950, e ƴettude ƴoƴre e duɗe lislaam to [[Sudan|Sudaan]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tankarkar|first=Maijama'a Sule|date=18 May 2012|title=Remembering Mallam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/5163-remembering_mallam_aminu_kano.html|access-date=2024-01-11|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> binndanɗe [[Abdullahi Dan fodio|Abdullahi dan Fodio]], e won e dille peewnitgol nannduɗe e ɗeen to Nijeer, Aminu fuɗɗii sosde duɗe [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] gadane, tawi faandaare mum ko peewnude e ƴellitde jaŋde [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] to [[Kano]]. Ngam heɓugo ballal, Aminu hokki taskaram man haa mallamai mawɓe haa [[Kano]], hawtaade e Sheek Na’ibi Suleymaani Wali e [[Inuwa Wada]]. Ko adii fof e ɗeen duɗe sosaa ko e nder diiwaan Sudawa wuro ngoo, ko yaawi ɓeydaade heewde yimɓe e binnditagol adanngol ngol almuudo 30, ko ɓooyaani koo mawni haa 60. Jibnaaɓe, haa teeŋti e ɓeen wonɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe tokosɓe, ɓuri yiɗde ɗeen duɗe nde tawnoo ɗe ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e jaŋde [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] tawa kadi ina naatna heen geɗe goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde Hirnaange fof.<ref name=":120">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 142-144 <ref>{{Cite book|last=Daneji|first=Abdalla Uba Adamu|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368602049|title=From Evolution to Revolution: The Kano Emirate Yesterday Today and Tomorrow|date=July 2021|location=Kano|pages=12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mustapha|first=Olusegun|date=2018-04-20|title=Tunawa da Marigayi Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://aminiya.ng/tunawa-da-marigayi-malam-aminu-kano/|issn=0794-9049|access-date=2024-01-11|newspaper=Aminiya|language=ha}}</ref><ref name=":184">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":193">{{Cite book|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211113815/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2017|title=Kano State Education Accounts 2005/2006|date=2006|publisher=Kano State Education Accounts|pages=19–20}}</ref> Jaagorgal jaŋde ƴeewtiima duɗe ɗee, o weltiima e porogaraam oo, addani ɗum naatde e njuɓɓudi duɗe toowɗe. E nder hitaande wootere, duɗe Islamiyya sappo goɗɗe udditaama nder gure mawɗe nder Fuunaange [[Naajeeriya]], hawtaade e [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]], e [[Jos]]. Haa hitaande 1958, ko ina tolnoo e duɗe 60 hono ɗeen. E teskaade wonde ko ɓuri heewde e ballal ɗeen duɗe ummorii ko e terɗe NEPU, ɗe ngonti politik, ɗe ngoni ko e ƴattaade sahaa e sahaa fof, hay so tawii ko e fitinaaji. Ko wonaa ɗuum koo, njiimaandi ɗeen duɗe ina duumii, haa teeŋti noon e sukaaɓe rewɓe.<ref name=":183">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kane|first=Ousmane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CGIM8F6fuQC|title=Non-Europhone Intellectuals|date=2012|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-2-86978-506-9|pages=38|language=en}}</ref> Caggal nde [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, laamu Fuɗnaange ɓeydi ballal mum e duɗe Islamiyya. E kitaale 1970, janngooɓe duɗe leslese "ko jiidaa e jaŋde maɓɓe leslese ina njaha e duɗe Islamiyya fo waktuuji keewɗi e ñalawma".<ref name=":182">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bray|first=Mark|url=http://archive.org/details/educationsociety0000bray|title=Education and society in Africa|date=1986|publisher=London : Edward Arnold|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7131-8158-6}}</ref>: 92 Hannde, ko ɓuri heewde e sukaaɓe e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] ina njaha e duɗe Islamiyya e sara jaŋde leslesre aada.<ref name=":192">{{Cite book|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211113815/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2017|title=Kano State Education Accounts 2005/2006|date=2006|publisher=Kano State Education Accounts|pages=19–20}}</ref> Ɗee duɗe keɓii ballal laamu [[Naajeeriya]] e pelle winndereyankooje, ko wayi no USAID, e nder golle ngam ƴellitde paandaale hono jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thurston|first=Alex|date=2012-05-18|title=Nigeria's Islamiyya Schools: Global Project, Local Target|url=https://therevealer.org/islamiyya-schools-draft/|access-date=2024-01-11|website=The Revealer|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nguurndam neɗɗo == === Caalaje === Debbo Aminu gadano, Umma, ko debbo ceertuɗo e dewgal goɗngal. Ɓesngu makko ko '''royalty of sorts''<nowiki/>', ɓe njaɓaani dewgal makko e Aminu sabu 'darnde makko udditiinde ngam haɓaade laamɗo'. Dewgal ngal waɗi ko to [[Kano]] e hitaande 1939; kono ɓe ndartini ɗum nde Aminu ummii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna. Umma, mo luutndii fusde, dogi fayi Kaduna, resi Aminu. Ɓesngu makko dañii waawde faamnude ''Alkali'' nokku oo ngam fusde dewgal ngal laabi ɗiɗi caggal nde ɓe ngarti e [[Kano]] ngam juulde. Caggal nde jokkondiral makko e Aminu joofi, Umma dogi fayti [[Gana]] tan.<ref name=":119">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 67–68 <ref name=":315">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Debbo ɗiɗaɓo Aminu ko Hasia, ummoriiɗo e galle laamɗo to [[Bauchi]]. Neene makko ɓadtii baaba Aminu e innde makko, o jaɓi eɓɓoore ndee. Aminu anndi ɗum nde o timmini jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o arti Kano ko juuti. Caggal ɗuum, kanko e Hasia ɓe ngummii Bauchi ngam golle makko jannginde. E sahaa dewgal maɓɓe, Hasia ina famɗi, alaa jaŋde toownde. Aminu ƴetti e hoore mum ngam jannginde mo e Quraan, e binndol Engele (janngude, winndude, e hiisa), e cellal ɓalli.<ref name=":118">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 68–69 O renndini kadi ganndal makko e jannginde rewɓe woɗɓe wonɓe e sara makko.<ref name=":117">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 76 infeleed, ''During marriage'' maɓɓe mbaawka makko jibinde ɓiɓɓe. E hitaande 1948, o jibini kono caggal mum o ruttii.<ref name=":116">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 109 Nde Aminu woppi jaŋde e hitaande 1950, o naati politik, ɓe ngummii Kano. Golle makko politik ɗee ngaddaani waktuuji seeɗa e Hasia, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina woɗɗi. O hoɗi ko e galle galle Aminu to Sudawa kono caggal ɗuum o arti e galle yumma makko caggal nde o luurdi e yumma makko jom suudu Aminu. Jaɓde hootde, dewgal maɓɓe joofi. Aminu yuɓɓini Hasia golloraade e nder safrirde jibinannde, golle ɗe o joginoo haa ko famɗi fof e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970. Dewgal maɓɓe fof e joofde, Aminu e Hasia ina keddii e nanondiral moƴƴal. O tawtoraama dewgal makko e hitaande 1969, hitaande caggal ɗuum, o walli mo e hijjoore makko to Makka<ref name=":115">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 68–69, 181 === Gooɗo === [[Chinua Achebe]], winndiyanke [[Naajeeriya]] mawɗo, gollodiiɗo PRP e Aminu, siftinii mo wonde "seniiɗo e mbayliigu". O ɓeydi heen wonde :<ref>{{Cite book|last=Achebe|first=Chinua|url=http://archive.org/details/imageofafricatro0000ache|title=An image of Africa; and the trouble with Nigeria|date=2010|publisher=London : Penguin|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-14-119258-1}}</ref> ...so Aminu Kano yiytii wonde o naatii e fedde tooñooɓe o woppataa darnde makko ko yaawi e peeñcu, o waɗa hare e hoore makko!<ref>{{Cite book|last=Huxley|first=Elspeth|url=http://archive.org/details/fourguineas0000huxl|title=Four Guineas: A Journey Through West Africa|date=1954|publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]]|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 86 Jaayndiyanke e daartoowo Angalteer biyeteeɗo Basil Davidson, mo Aminu sifotoo ko sehil mum, siftini Aminu ko « jannginoowo, murtuɗo, kulɓiniiɗo-politik, e dowla-parlemaa ». E ɓeydude heen sifaa Davidson, Aminu siftinii hoore mum e nder konngol mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero e hitaande 1982, wonde « ko o neɗɗo demokaraasiyanke, baawɗo ɓamtude neɗɗaagu e ƴellitde ndimaagu rewɓe ». e nder deftere makko 1954 « Gineeji nay : Jaɓɓal e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange », o siftinii Aminu wonde « Cassius gorko, ɓuuɓɗo, ɓuuɓɗo, ganndo Engele, ɓernde mum ko ƴiye, ɗemngal mum ko fijirde ». O siftini mo kadi ko "demagog--ɗemngal taƴngal, fanatik".<ref name=":302">{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 254–255 Aminu ina anndaa no feewi e nguurndam mum ɓuuɓɗam.[113] Fuu e darnde maako ministaajo les Gowon, o ɗonno jogga hoore maako bee "ndema tokoosa" e dokke wakkati feere diga soobiraaɓe maako.<ref name=":30">{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 73 Ganndal Aminu e [[Islaam]] addani mo innde Mallam (innde nde worɓe jannguɓe keɓata e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]). O woniino karallo e sariyaaji [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] e tafsiir, omo waɗa jeewte keewɗe e dow ɗeen geɗe, haa teeŋti noon e wuro [[Kano]].<ref name=":172">{{Cite journal|editor-last=Wakili|editor-first=Haruna|title=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.academia.edu/38919731|journal=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|date=January 2019|publisher=Mambayya House, Centre for Democratic Studies, Bayero University|publication-place=[[Kano, Nigeria]]}}</ref>: 51 Firooji makko Qur’aana ɓuri teeŋtude ko e doosɗe [[lislaam]] jowitiiɗe e nuunɗal, nafoore jaŋde e nder [[Lislaamu|Lislaam]], e wallitde deftere juulɓe ndee. Kerecee’en, e Yahuudu’en.<ref name=":148">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 299-305 == Ƴeew kadi == Dental ɓamtaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange Lannda rimɗinde yimɓe [[Saadu Zungur]] Bayyinaango Sawaba == Tuugnorgal == 9m2wlluuohtkbq7m9vpl0x4qntx65pc 177621 177620 2026-07-01T04:37:10Z MOIBARDE 10068 Add image , links and references 177621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mallam Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://gazettes.africa/akn/ng/officialGazette/government-gazette/1982-10-01/50/eng@1982-10-01|title=Nigeria Government Gazette dated 1982-10-01 number 50|date=1982-10-01|language=en}}</ref> (9 [[lewru]] bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 [[lewru]] abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to [[Kano]]. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla [[Naajeeriya]]. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (''commons'') e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Bennett|first=Eric|editor-first1=Henry Louis|editor-first2=Kwame Anthony|editor-last1=Gates|editor-last2=Appiah|title=Kano, Alhaji Aminu|date=2010|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Africa|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-2167|access-date=2024-05-23|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-533770-9|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Reynolds|first=Jonathan T.|editor-first1=Emmanuel K.|editor-first2=Henry Louis|editor-last1=Akyeampong|editor-last2=Gates|chapter=Kano, Muhammad Aminu|date=2011-01-01|title=Dictionary of African Biography|chapter-url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1016|access-date=2024-05-23|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":31">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Eltantawi|first=Sarah|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1m3p0h2|title=Shari'ah on Trial: Northern Nigeria's Islamic Revolution|date=2017|publisher=University of California Press|edition=1|pages=29|doi=10.1525/j.ctt1m3p0h2}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Uwechue|first=Raph|title=Makers of Modern Africa (Second ed.)|publisher=Africa Books Limited|year=1991|isbn=0903274183|location=United Kingdom|pages=323–324}}</ref> Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule [[lislaam]] e nuunɗal renndo.<ref name=":312">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref> O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] les laamu [[Yakubu Gowon]]. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder [[Afrik]], ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.<ref name=":314">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":145">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref> Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.<ref name=":313">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam: Aminu Kano|publisher=Brill Reference Online|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|edition=3rd|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref> ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam: Aminu Kano|publisher=Brill Reference Online|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|edition=3rd|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e [[Lislaam]], baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali [[Kano]]. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, [[Usman dan Fodio]], sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji , waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde [[Kano]].<ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 274 <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to ''Emir'' [[Kano]] e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195382075_3|title=Dictionary of African biography|date=2012|publisher=Oxford; New York : Oxford University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|editor-last=Akyeampong|editor-first=Emmanuel K.|pages=290|editor-last2=Jr.|editor-first2=Henry Louis Gates}}</ref><ref name=":43">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref><ref name=":142">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.<ref name=":143">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 100 <ref>{{Citation|last=Gwadabe|first=Maude Rabi'u|title=Tarihin Malam Aminu Kano|date=25 December 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhsV76d9kco|access-date=2024-01-03|publisher=[[Media Trust|Aminiya Trust]]|language=ha}}</ref> Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,<ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref> o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.<ref name=":62">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 41–43 <ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Jack|first=Homer A.|date=1959|title=Malam Aminu Kano: A Profile|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4184021|journal=Africa Today|volume=6|issue=4|pages=6–10|jstor=4184021|issn=0001-9887}}</ref>: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 276 <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] e oon sahaa.<ref name=":144">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal [[Kano]] (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, [[Kano]]), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi<ref name=":22">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hempstone|first=Smith|url=http://archive.org/details/newafrica0000hemp|title=The new Africa|date=1961|publisher=London, Faber and Faber|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 276 [<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 243 == Golle jannginde == Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]] e hitaande 1940, Aminu suɓii ko janngude ko fayti e sariya, wonaa rewde laawol banndiraaɓe makko ɓurɓe suɓaade jannginde. Ndeeɗoo suɓngo heewaani sabu ñaawirɗe sharia, ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede e ñaawirɗe paralel to [[Kano]] e nder juulɓe, njaɓaani awokaaji. Yanti heen, nafoore makko e janngude safaara to Angalteer, haɗi mo yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'' e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yaba ''Higher College'', ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko to [[Lagos]] to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fotde duuɓi seeɗa. Kono, sabu jiiɓru almudɓe jokki, gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'' saliima jaɓde Aminu, ganndiraaɗo ardaade seppooji almudɓe. Aminu kadi etinooma naatde e konu e polis kono o saliima e ɗiɗo fof nde tawnoo omo yahra e duuɓi 5, ko ina tolnoo e 100 meeteer, ina famɗi no feewi. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, heewɓe ina njokki e wasiyaade mo yo o jokku golle jannginde kono ko jannginoowo makko ganndal, hono Doktoor R. E. Miller, addani mo ƴettude jannginde e nder golle makko.<ref name=":16">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 60 <ref name=":52">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tate|first=Carolyn|date=1983|title=Review of Old Gods and Young Heroes: The Pearlman Collection of Maya Ceramics|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3335865|journal=African Arts|volume=16|issue=2|pages=86–88|doi=10.2307/3335865|jstor=3335865|issn=0001-9933|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":63">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100 ko hujja Miller Ƴeew, miɗo wasiyoo ma nde naatataa e suudu janngirdu. Hare nde ina jokki, e Almaañnaaɓe ina njahra yeeso e kala fannu, ɗum wonaa huunde nde Hitler waawataa heɓtude leydi Nijeer e nder sahaa gooto. E nder ɗuum, aɗa sokli suuɗnde karallaagal, hol nokku ɓurɗo jannginde ? Ko wonaa cfuum, mi 6eydoto maa tan ko jannginoowo-e-heblo ganndal—gooto e gilli maa mawcfi, wonaa noon?<ref name=":17">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 61 <ref name=":64">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100 E nder jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu halfinaama gure keewɗe ngam waɗde golle janngingol. E hitaande makko ɗiɗmere, o waɗii lebbi joy gooto e maɓɓe fof to [[Bauchi]] e Zaria e lebbi ɗiɗi goɗɗi "njillu duɗe to bannge worgo". Ko e hitaande makko sakkitiinde e heblo makko e hitaande 1942, miijooji makko politik radikaluuji ɓuuɓɗi peeñi. O fuɗɗii winndude e jaayɗe e jaayndeeji seeɗa gonɗi e oon sahaa, ko wayi no ''Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo'' e ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, o ƴelliti nafoore mawnde e politik. Ko e ndee hitaande kadi o winndi deftere makko wiyeteende ‘[[Kano]] les martolin otokaraasi native’, nde o winndi e laamu ''native''.<ref name=":147">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 277 <ref name=":19">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 69–70 Hakkunde joofnirde dumunna makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]], o hawri e [[Sa'adu Zungur]], potnooɗo "waɗde batte e miijo Aminu no feewi".<ref name=":146">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 72 <ref name=":44">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 329 Zungur, ɓurɗo Aminu mawnude e ardiiɗo politik radikal e nder Duɗal Pharma . Aminu ina heewi yeewtidde juutnde e Zungur, ina heewi yillaade galle makko caggal jaŋde. Anndugol maɓɓe fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1935 nde Zungur yilliima [[Kano]], o acci heen miijo duumotoongo e Aminu e miijooji makko radikal e yahrude yeeso. Aminu jokki jokkondirde e Zungur haa ɓe kawri e Zaria.<ref name=":18">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 72 === Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu ummiima [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]], o ƴetti golle jannginoowo tokooso to duɗal hakkundeewal [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]].<ref name=":53">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref> Gollodiiɓe makko e duɗal ngal ko [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] e Yahaya Gusau. Jokkondiral Aminu e Balewa, mo ɓaawo man laati hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] tan, fuɗɗi wakkati ɓe ɗon janngina haa Bauchi. Ko e oon sahaa Balewa rokki mo innde ‘Molotov’, innde Vyacheslav Molotov, hooreejo dowla Sowiyetik. Zungur kadi ummiima [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] e oon sahaa, caggal nde o arti wuro makko sabu rafi ɓuuɓɗo mo o heɓi to Zaria.<ref name=":54">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref>: 84–85 Aminu ina teddiniree no feewi e nder almuɓɓe duɗal ngal. Ɓe keewi hawrude ko e galle makko caggal waktuuji jaŋde ngam yeewtidde e golle goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde. O yuɓɓinta sahaa e sahaa fof pijirlooji e kollirɗe ngam almuɓɓe, sahaa e sahaa fof omo huutoroo golle [[Abubakar Imam|Abubakar Imaam]]. Ngam ɓeydude heen jaŋde makko, o waɗii almuɓɓe makko jime e jimɗi. O woniino kadi e nder renndooji janngooɓe ceertuɗi ko wayi no dingiral, jeewte, e ganndal.<ref name=":110">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 85–86 Jokkondiral makko e almuɓɓe e miijooji makko cemmbinɗi, addani mo waasde yiɗde njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal e jannginooɓe woɗɓe. Heen sahaa gooto, fedde almudɓe ndee fof waɗii seppo sabu geɗe bayɗe no ŋakkeende uniformeeji e kaɓirɗe, ŋakkeende kaalis poos, e ŋakkeende nguura. Almuudo gooto mo yalti, suka hooreejo mo woni miñi Balewa, woni kaaloowo maɓɓe. Almuɓɓe mawɓe ɓee, ina jeyaa e maɓɓe [[Sule Katagum]], ina ardoo almuɓɓe woɗɓe ɓee feewde [[Maiduguri]]. Emir [[Bauchi]] e jannginooɓe heewɓe nanngi ɓe, ina njiɗi haaldude, kono almuɓɓe ɓee ina cemmbina haaldude e Aminu tan. Caggal ɗuum, Aminu ari e Yahya Gusau, o « holliti ɓe wonde wullitaango maɓɓe maa heɓ weeyo no haanirta nii » o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ngartu e cuuɗi maɓɓe. Caggal wiɗto wullitaango ngoo, ngo laaɓtinaama, ɗum addani lomtinande hooreejo duɗal ngal Balewa, "mo feewni bonanndeeji gonɗi ko adii ɗii".<ref name=":111">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 86 === Dental ɓamtaare mawngal Bauchi === E hitaande 1943, Aminu, e wondude e Zungur, Balewa e Gusau, sosi Dental Moƴƴingol [[Bauchi]] (BGIU), ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte ngam ñiŋde politik koloñaal Angalteer e laamu ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref name=":65">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Awa|first=Eme O.|title=Federal Government in Nigeria|publisher=University of California Press|year=1964|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|pages=99}}</ref> 100 tawi Zungur ina joginoo batte nannduɗe e Zanguria, ina gasa tawa ko fedde nde yuɓɓini ɗum e hitaande 1943 Dental ɓamtaare mawnde e nder diiwanuuji worgo (NPGIU).<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Aminu e Zungur mbinndi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe ngam haɓaade politik ‘''directed labour''’ Angalteer, mo ɓe njiyri ko no mbaydi njulaagu mbaylaandi. Nde Angalteer ɗaɓɓi nguura, tinndinoore, e soldateeɓe heewɓe ngam wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, laamuuji koloñaal en mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamuuji leydi ndii ngam ‘’dartina’’ keewal nguura e doole yimɓe. Biritaniya huutoriima no feewi doole kisal ɗe ndarnaaka e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] ngam wallitde konu mum caggal musiibaaji konu mum to Fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo e hitaande 1942.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ekoko|first=A. E.|date=1982|title=Conscript Labour and Tin Mining in Nigeria During the Second World War|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857118|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=11|issue=3/4|pages=66–85|jstor=41857118|issn=0018-2540}}</ref> Gooto e binndanɗe Aminu ɗe siynaaka, ko mawɗo diiwaan oo, hono A J Knott, e nder ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo janngi ɗum, o rewi heen haa BGIU. Ndee yiytunde addani dental ngal fusde, lomtinaa ngal e fedde yeewtere [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] (BDC) walla ''Majalisar Tadi'' ta [[Bauchi]], nde laamuuji koloñaal toppitii. BDC sosaa ko no lowre sankitiinde ngam jeewte udditiiɗe, tawa ina hawra e ‘kala miijooji’.<ref name=":112">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 89 <ref name=":66">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 89 <ref name=":72">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":73">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref>: 423 === Bauchi Yeewtere Cirkel === BDC waɗii jeewte yontere kala, ina noddira yimɓe heewɓe ko wayi no ardiiɓe departemaaji, njuɓɓudi laamu, yeeyooɓe e jannginooɓe. Limre tawtoraaɓe ɓee ɓurii Limre Dental Bauchi ''General Improvement Union'' (BGIU) ɓennungal ngal, ngal dañii moƳƳere ɓurnde welde e rokkude kuulal laamu nguu. Aminu, hono binndoowo, ko kañum halfinaa neldude noddaango e suɓaade toɓɓe ɗe yeewtetee. Ɗeen toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ko ɓamtaare faggudu, demokaraasi, safaara, hare e diine. Nde toɓɓere ndee woni ndimaagu jaayndeeji, Aminu e Zungur teeŋtinii luural e nder politik Angalteer, ɓe mbiyi wonde bannge gooto ɓe ndartinii e ɓe ñaawii e nder keeri daande tan ko jeyaaɓe e amiir en, bannge goɗɗo oo, ɓe cemmbinii e yeeso yimɓe fof miijo e eɓɓoore jeytaare.<ref name=":113">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 89 E nder yeewtere jowitiinde e njiimaandi ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, o wiyi wonde « ndi wuuri ko e faandaare nde ndi fotnoo waɗde » e wonde ndi « njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal ɓurndi huutoraade ndi aduna o meeɗaa anndude ».<ref name=":114">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 90 <ref name=":67">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100: 100: 100 [12]: 100 100: 100: 90 [12]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 e Capha emiraaji mum mbayliima wonti njuɓɓudi ndi Shehu Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo ɗum oo, anniyaaki. Aminu wi'i limngal kaliifa'en ɗon mari haaje tuugaago dow nafuuda naa dow jibinannde, nden boo laamu otokaraasi ɗon luura bee janngirde Annabi Lislaama Muhammadu e Shehu. Balewa, nde tawnoo ko kañum ɓuri Aminu ɓuuɓde, ina daranii no feewi njuɓɓudi laamu ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, ina wiya wonde jogaade sariya e deeƴre ina foti wonde huunde himmunde ngam tabitinde tuugnorgal ɗo peeje yiɗaaɗe mbaawi waɗeede e dow mum. Zungur, leeso e nder jonnde ndee, e jaabtaade Balewa, winndi hujjaaji mum e nder ɓataake mo Aminu yettini e dingiral yeewtere ndee e nder jonnde aroore ndee. E nder ndeeɗoo ɓataake, o semmbini hujjaaji Aminu ɗii, o ɓeydi heen seeɗa e hujjaaji makko.[10]: 90 O wiyi Balewa yo ƴeewto no o dañiri "miijo bonngo" ngam daɗndude laamu nguu, o ɓeydi heen : Suɓagol elite gutter mum [Native Authority] waɗaaka e dow hakkille walla e mbaawka, kono ko e salaade tan yiɗde ɓiyleydi laaɓtundi. Terɗe fedde laamuyankoore ina njogii wellitaare desperadoes ngam njulaagu, alaa ko ŋakki so wonaa kala ko dañi.[10]: 90 E nder batu goɗɗo, Aminu naamndii Ofisee Knott : « Hol ko woni njoɓdi amiir ? Knott jaabtii wonde ɗum fawii ko e tolno golle makko e teddeendi golle makko. Ndeen Aminu hollitii wonde hay so tawii ina famɗi doosɗe e golle so yerondiraama e Emir Bauchi, Lamido Adamawa ina heɓa njoɓdi ɓurndi heewde. Caggal ngool mbayliigu, batu nguu joofi ko ɗoon e ɗoon. Ɓooytaani, Knott habri wonde BDC ina joofna, o wiyi wonde jeewte ɗee ina ‘njippii e laawol’.[10]: 91 [22]: 423 === Nokku renndo Bauchi === Ngam lomtaade BDC, Aminu e Zungur cosi fedde politik woɗnde, hono nokku renndo Bauchi. Puɗɗagol fotde 20 tergal, batu maɓɓe gadano waɗi ko to defterdu Native Authority, sara galle amiir. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, tawi ina wondi e polis, Balewa ɓadtiima ɓe e ɗaɓɓaande amiir oo, wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ndartu sabu « denndaangal senndikaaji (juɓɓule) ina kaɗaa ». Zungur ndeen wiyi mo yo o haalan amiir oo wonde ɓe njahataa fusde. Caggal nde Balewa yahi, ɓe pelliti yettinde ɓataake to mawɗo politik ngam humpitaade ko waɗi koo, ɓe mbiyi amiir oo ina tooña hakkeeji maɓɓe.[10]: 91–92 Balɗe tati caggal ɗuum, terɗe fedde ndee noddaama ngam jokkondirde e amiir oo. Amiir oo salii yamirde yo ɓe ndartu, o wiyi o haɗii ɓe tan huutoraade « masiŋaaji binndol e gollorɗe defterdu Native Authority ». Hay so Balewa wulliima wonde o yettinii konngol ngol o rokkaa ngol no haanirta nii, Zungur ina heppi huutoraade ngalɗoo luural, haala kaa jokkaani haa jooni, fedde ndee jaɓii kuulal ngal amiir oo ƴetti ngal. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, mawɗo gooto ina wiyee Mallam Waziri, rokki ɓe huutoraade suudu makko ndu alaa ɗo haaɗi ngam waɗde batuuji, so tawii ko kamɓe njuɓɓini ɗum. Ɓe kawri kaalis maɓɓe ɓe ndarni ɗum.[10]: 93 Ɓooytaani, laamu Angalteer rokki Aminu gooto e bursiiji jeeɗiɗi ngam janngude to Angalteer fuɗɗoraade lewru suwee 1946, ko o... jaɓaama.[8]: 276 [10]: 97 [14] [23]: 154 === Londres === E nder duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde to Londres, Aminu naatii e golle yimɓe hono Harold Laski, George Bernard Shaw, e Karl Mannheim, ɓe janngirɗe mum en ngoni « iwdi miijooji Aminu keewɗi e renndo aadee moƴƴo ». O jokkondiri e yimɓe e pelle keewɗe bannge nano to Londres, ina jeyaa heen lannda Sosiyaalist Labour, Fedde Sosiyaalist janngooɓe, e Sosiyaalist sukaaɓe, o hawri e sehilaaɓe e won e terɗe parlemaa bannge nano e "ardiiɓe toowɓe" pelle kominist kadi.[39]25 ko ɗum addani ardiiɓe politik gollotooɓe e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Aneurin Bevan e Fenner Brockway Caggal nde o feeñnini ɗeen miijooji e batte, Aminu etinooma hawrude e filosofiiji politik adanɗi rewooɓe Farayse e Amerik e sosiyaalisma Shavian Fabian e janngirɗe Usman dan Fodio, tawi fof ko e les njiimaandi miijooji radikal Sa’adu Zungur. O seedtii kadi ñalngu nguu e nder hareeji jeytaare leydi Indiya e leydi Pakistaan ​​rewrude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Aminu, e wondude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe e leyɗeele koloniiji Biritaan en ceertuɗe, jaɓɓiima Ali Jinnah e Jawaharlal Nehru, ardiiɓe dille jeytaare Pakistaan ​​e Inndo, e nder njillu maɓɓe to Londres e hitaande 1947. Ɗee geɗe ina gasa tawa ko ɗe addani mo yiɗde sifaa hare Gandhi.[10]:02]1 E nder jaŋde makko, Aminu jannginii e duɗe leslese nokku oo, o waɗii jonte e nder ladde Galles, o woniino koɗo fedde Young Farmers’ Club. Ngam yoɓde njillu makko ngu o fotnoo waɗde e nder laddeeji Angalteer, o ƴetti golle firo ɗemngal Hausa e nder sosiyetee jaayndeeji Angalteer (BBC). Ko o sikkaano, o noddaama ngam wonde nulaaɗo to Jamboree Boy Scout winndereejo to Rosny, addani mo yahde Orop e njoɓdi ustaandi. Ko adii nde o yahata Farayse, denndaangal fedde « boy scout » yilliima galle laamorɗo Buckingham. Aminu ɗon hulna yi'ugo laamiiɗo e laamiiɗo debbo ɗon yewta e ɗon hawta bee sukaaɓe ɓen ko ɗum feerootiri masin bee no laamu lesdi Biritaniya ɗon mari haaje haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndee luural addi mo miijo, o firti ɗum ko maande ŋakkere laamu koloñaal jogorngu arde.[10]: 102–103 [14] === Fedde jannginooɓe worgo === E lewru marse 1948,[27] nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Londres, Aminu sosi Fedde Wellitaare Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange (caggal ɗuum Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange), fedde adannde e nder diiwaan hee e senngo gollotooɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer,[8]: 276 [28][29]: along the otherers from Sali 169 [30]: 66 Senngo ngo ina jokki e haalde ko fayti e geɗe bayɗe no hakkeeji e wellitaare jannginooɓe, ceergal hakkunde diine e wellitaare jannginooɓe e Fuɗnaange e bus moƴƴo sy jannginooɓe nder Duɗe Misiyon Kirista'en ngam nastugo nder kawtal.[10]: 101-102 [12]: 91 [31]: 258 Senngo ngoo mawnii no feewi, ina joginoo fotde 200 tergal e lewru mum adanndu[32] e 25 cazeele e nder hitaande mum adannde, caggal mum ina jogii batte e nder pelle ngenndiije diiwaan oo, garnooze caggal mum.[29]: 41 te [33]: 356 jokki golle e nder worgo Naajeeriya haa is kawtal bee kawtal jannginooɓe Naajeeriya, kawtal jannginooɓe ɓurdungal mawnugo nder fombina Naajeeriya, nder hitaande 1972.[34]: 260 === Hoto ngartu e Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko e hitaande 1948, Aminu arti Bauchi ngam fuɗɗaade golle makko janngingol to duɗal hakkundeewal Bauchi. Lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum o artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi.[10]: 110 E nder oon sahaa, Sir John MacPherson, guwerneer keso toɗɗaaɗo leydi Najeriya, ina jokki e waɗde njillu e nder diiwaan hee. O fotnoo ko njillu e gure mawɗe Fuɗnaange, kono o yaltini Bauchi. Aminu e Zungur cikkatnoo ko ndeeɗoo feere ko huunde nde Guwerneer oo e wasiyaaji mum mbaɗi ngam haɗde haɓaade radikal en wuro ngoo e doggol ɗaɓɓaande mum en e wullitaango mum en. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ɓadtii Emir Bauchi, ɓe kolliti mo peeje laamu nguu ngam haɗde domen makko, ɓe mbiyi ko sabu baasal duɗe Bauchi, laabi e faggudu. Ɓe keɓii faamnude mo yo ɓe njaɓ yuɓɓinde seppo mawngo ngam salaade ko Guwerneer oo waɗi koo. Ndee ɗoo hiirde mawnde, nde woni ko adii fof e nder Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, hawri ko e ujunere neɗɗo.[10]: 110–111 Aminu, e oon sahaa ko jannginoowo tokooso haa jooni, noddaama to Kaduna ngam hawritde e A J Knott (ofisiyee diiwaan yuɓɓinnooɗo BDC e hitaande 1943), jooni ko hooreejo laamu nguu, e Sir MacPherson. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, guwerneer oo, e wiyde Aminu, ina wiyee : A hollitii wonde aɗa sikki min njiɗi ko jogaade Fuɗnaange caggal, Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange peccii—aɗa yiɗi min njaha mbele leydi maa ina heɓa jeytaare. Aan ko a gorko ummoriiɗo e galle Kano teeŋtuɗo, suka, keewɗo ruuhu, kono aɗa foti anndude wonde min njiɗaa haɗde waylooji e haɗde leydi ndii yahrude yeeso.[10]: 115 Knott jokki e humpitaade Aminu wonde ɓe ngoni ko e waɗde hakkillaaji maɓɓe e ƴattooje makko e laamu nguu, o wiyi "min njiɗii no feewi worɓe hono maa, ardiiɓe leydi maa". Ɓe ndokki mo darnde nde addanta mo ƴeewtaade e tawtoreede "taƴre kaalis laamu" walla hay so tawii ko gardiiɗo jaaynde Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo. Caggal nde o arti Bauchi, Aminu, caggal nde o ƴeewtindii ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande, o yeewtidi e Zungur e woɗɓe, o wiyi wonde ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande ko etaade laamu nguu ustude golle maɓɓe daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee. Ndeen noon, Aminu salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, o humpitii Knott e MacPherson wonde o ɓuri yiɗde ko heddaade e jannginoowo.[12]: 101 O salii kadi caggal ɗuum golle jannginoowo e ɗemngal Hausa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford.[10]: 115–119 Kono, lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum, e nder golle maɓɓe jokkuɗe ngam sarde radikal en Bauchi, laamu Angalteer artiri Aminu to Maru to Sokoto, toɗɗii mo hooreejo duɗal jannginooɓe kesal mahaaɗo.[10]: 116 [35]: 72 === Sokotoo === Sokoto wonnoo ko laamorgo Kalifaandi Sokoto e teeminannde 19ɓiire, sosaa ko e jihaadi Usmaan dan Fodio. Kalifaajo man ɗon mari ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya nden ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder amiir'en ɗon mari haaje hokkugo Sultan Sokoto.[36] Caggal nde Angalteer koloni dowla oo e nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, Sokoto wonti diiwaan, darnde Sultan ustii ; amiiruuji keddiiɗi ɗii njaabtiima laamu Angalteer, nattii jaabtaade Sultan. Kono tan, nde jokki e wonde nokku ɗo laamu aadaaji e diineeji ngoni e nder diiwaan hee. Ndeen noon, nde hiisaama ko taƴre ɓurnde ɓuuɓde e Fuɗnaange ɓuuɓnde no feewi.[10]: 118 Maru (jooni ko Maru, diiwaan Zamfara), wuro e nder diiwaan hee, ina joginoo 8 256 neɗɗo e hitaande 1964.[37] Ina laaɓi wonde yahdu Aminu e Maru wonaa tan ngam woɗɗinde mo e Zungur kono kadi ngam seerndude mo e haɗde mo golle makko. Nde o ari, o etiima sosde dingiral yeewtere kono yimɓe jannguɓe ina pamɗi e sara makko kadi wuro mawngo ɓurngo ɓadaade Maru ina woɗɗi 35 kiloomeeteer, "dow laabi kulɓiniiɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi". Sultan oo, hono Siddiq Abubakar III, ina ƴeewndotoo mo kadi, hono no Aminu yiytiri ɗum caggal ɗuum nii. O anndi mawɗo mo o hokkata sadakaaji wakkati fuu, o ɗonno ƴama Sultan nder asaweeje ɗuuɗɗe nder jooɗorde maako haa Maru.[10]: 118–120 E nder dumunna mo o woni e Maru oo fof, Aminu tawi ko e nder hareeji ɗi o meeɗaa waɗde e Sultan. Fuɗɗorii ko nde Aminu riiwti Yan Labari, walla ƴoƴɓe Sultan, caggal nde o ari. Caggal mum, o neldi ɓataake wullitaango feewde e laamuuji Angalteer, o wiyi wonde kaalis potɗo huutoreede ngam remooɓe ɓee, ɓe leydi mum en huutortee ngam waɗde duɗal ngal, yettaaki ɓe.[12]: 101 Luural goɗngal ummii ko nde Aminu e Abubakar Gumi, gollodiiɗo Grander ca Aminust mo worgo Nijeer e al later Feere Qadiriyya-Tijaniyya nder diiwal ngal nde ɓe haɗi almudɓe maɓɓe yahdugo juulde Jumaare ngam haala wuutugo imaam. E wiyde ɗiɗo ɓee, liimam Maru ina waɗa tayammum, ko huunde nde rewnaaka so ndiyam potɗam wuɗde ina famɗi, hay so tawii noon ndiyam ina ŋakki e Maru. Komisiyoŋ wiɗto mo Sultan oo sosi, yaltinii Gumi, o wiyi Sultan oo yo o waɗ heen hoore makko e nder Maru ngam dartinde golle tayammum. Ko fayti e wasiyaaji komisiyoŋ oo, Sultan salii ɗooftaade ɗum, salii riiwtude Limaam oo.[10]: 120–127 [38] Oon sahaa, Aminu ina renndini jokkondire moƴƴe e Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna Sokoto, joginooɗo luural e Sultan. Nde ñaawirde Sultan ñaawi Bello sabu mum bonnude njoɓdi jangali (‘joɓdi jawdi’) e hitaande 1943, Aminu rokki feccere mawnde e njoɓdi jannginoowo Bauchi mum e kaalis defansiyoŋ Bello. Nde Aminu woni jooni e Maru, Bello yi’i mo ko no sehil potɗo haɓtaade Sultan. Bello ina heewi yillaade Aminu to Maru, e nder njillu Aminu to Sokoto ngam waɗde batu doosgal leydi, o jooɗii ko e galle Bello. E nder ooɗoo sahaa, Sultan oo noddii Aminu noddaango keeriiɗo, ina gasa tawa ina ɗaɓɓa nanondiral. O ɗaɓɓiri batu 2ɓo subaka, kono nde o anndi Aminu haalanii Bello ndee noddaango, Sultan oo mettini heen no feewi, o woppi batu nguu.[10]: 124–125 === Koolol yimɓe Fuɗnaange === Sabu nafooje senngo jannginooɓe Aminu, worɓe jannguɓe woɗɓe teskinaaɓe e nder diiwaan hee ɓadtiima mo ko fayti e sosde fedde nanndunde e ndee. E nder darorɗe hitaande 1948, pelle ceertuɗe to Zaria, Kaduna e Bauchi kawri ngam sosde Jam’iyyar Mutanen Arewa walla Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC). E lewru suwee 1949, batu udditgol fedde ndee yuɓɓinaama to otel Green’s to Kaduna, fotde 500 neɗɗo tawtoraama. Terɗe sosɗe ɗee ko Dr. R. A. B. Dikko, Yahaya Gusau, Abubakar Imam (rewtinoowo Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo), Yuusuf Maitama Sule, Aliyu Mai Bornu, Aminu Kano, Isa Wali (ɓiɗɗo mawniiko Aminu) e Sa’adu Zungur, mo wonnoo koolaaɗo kuuɓal fedde NC Ca Naajeeriya wakkati.[10]: 111 [33]: 358 [39]: 75 E batu mum gadano e lewru desaambar 1949, ardiiɓe kongres oo, hono Dikko e Gusau, kollitii wonde kongres oo yiɗaa foolde laamu koloñaal e aristokraasi, tee : Jam'iyyar anniyaaki ƴettude laamu laamɓe men Natural; ko wonaa ɗuum koo, ko yiɗde amen tiiɗnde ɓeydude ngalɗoo laamu kala nde waawi wonde e kala ɗo waawi wonde. Eɗen njiɗi wallude laamɓe men Natural e nder golle mum en no haanirta nii...Eɗen njiɗi wallude ɓe e yaynaade Talakawa [yimɓe ɓooyɓe].[33]: 358 [39]: 75 Ofisee diiwaan gooto, gardinooɗo Hoɗɓe Kano, jeertinii tawtoraaɓe ɓee wonde ɓe mbaawataa addude peeje ɗe ɓe njiɗi tan so ɓe njaltii "seese e hakkille" e wonde "neɗɗo ina foti janngude yahde hade mum dogde". Aminu jaabiima e naamnaade mo yo o humpit mawɓe makko wonde : So en njahii koyɗe en njahrataa ko, en ndogat. Kadi so en njippiima, en ƴettat koye men, en ndoga kadi. Kono maande, min njahataa e koyɗe. Aɗa waawi wiyde min njaha e gelooɗi, walla puccu, kono hay min njuppataa e oto mo min njaha e laana ndiwoowa. Kadi Biritaan en ina poti haɗde en suɓaade laabi men yah-ngartaa, hay so tawii noon ko yaawi.[10]: 121–122 [12]: 93 Laamɓe Fuɗnaange heewɓe, ko wayi no Sultan, Amir Kano e Amir Zaria, njaɓii ngool jikku ‘harmless’ e ‘deferential’ kongres oo. Kono tan, terɗe tokoose hono Maitama, Aminu, e Zungur ina cikkatnoo wonde kongres oo ina yaaji no feewi e emiiruuji ɗii e laamuuji Angalteer ɗii fof, ina teeŋtina haaju mum e peewnugol politik to Fuɗnaange. E joofnirde e lewru ut 1950, won e terɗe NPC radikal en to Kano sosi Dental Jamiyar Neman Sawaba, lannda politik gadano bayyinaango e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer.[12]: 94 NEPU ina joginoo semmbe e Zungur, radikal en peeñɗi Fedde.[33]: 359 Ɓe njoginoo ballal Aminu, mo waawaano naatde e lannda ka e oon sahaa nde tawnoo omo gollina laamu haa jooni, o waawaano naatde e lannda politik e peeñcu.[10]: 123 [12]: 94 === Deƴƴere === Aminu rokki ɓataake mum deƴƴere ñalnde 16 oktoobar 1950, o ummii Maru haa laaɓi ñalnde 4 noowammbar e ndeen hitaande. Sheek Usmaan Bida, mo Aminu wonnoo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, e Sule Katagum, Wazirin Katagum, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe cikki ko o doole ngam woppude laamu. Kanko Aminu, o miijotonoo ko ndeeɗoo feere gila e lewru abriil ndeen hitaande. Nde cukko hooreejo jaŋde to bannge worgo jeertini mo wonde o toɗɗaaka so o jokkii e golle makko politik, Aminu winndi e nder deftere makko, "Ko noon ne kadi, ko ɗuum woni caɗeele makko. Miin ko mi woppu golle haa hitaande aroore."[10]: 129 Winndannde nde Aminu winndi, ina hollita sabaabu mum deƴƴere, yaltinaa e jaaynde wiyeteende Daily Comet ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1950 : Mi woppii golle sabu mi saliima goongɗinde wonde ndii leydi ko kasoo e nder laamuuji Angalteer-Fulani—mi woppii golle sabu miɗo wondi e miijo wonde laamuuji ngenndiiji ɗii ... ina njogii yaakaare no feewi e safrude caɗeele men jaŋde, renndo, faggudu, politik walla hay diine—My hared stay in England and my all above... jojjanɗe aadee ɗe aduna o haɓata e fasisma—mi hulɓinaama laabi ɗiɗi e ƴiye ɗe ngalaa yurmeende... tawi ko saraaji ɗii fof ina njuɓɓina fenaande, laamu bonngu, bluff politik, maccuɗaagu les garb goɗɗo, nepotism ɓuuɓɗo, tippudi, baasal...retention mo alaa ko nafata e faggudu canmedkei e...exploration faggudu muñan ɗee geɗe sabu uurngol mum en bonngol...miɗo hebli noddireede kala innde. Noddu am koyɗol walla noddu am rewolison; noddu am kulɓiniiɗo walla kala ko oo laamu imperiyaalisma yiɗi. Mi yi’i annoore e dow ŋoral toowngal, miɗo anniya yahde e nder taarik mum timmuɗo, tawa ko miin tan walla e kala jiɗɗo yahdude e am. E ɓeeɗoo suppitooɓe leñol men, mbiɗo wiya ɗum nii: Look Out! Afrik ko mawɗo ɗaaniiɗo nattii! O woni tan ko e diwde e ŋoral...?"[10]: 129-130 [26]: 243 [25]: 541 == Golle politik == === Ko adii jeytaare (1950—1959) === Nepotism, baasal e nder njuumri mum, ñawu, maccungaagu e les njiimaandi goɗɗo, tooñannge e majjere nde alaa hersa, ina keewi no feewi no waynoo ko adii gargol imperiyaalisma e nder teeminannde 19ɓiire. Ƴellitaare walla toɗɗagol worɓe ɓe nganndaa janngude, sukaaɓe walla ɓaleeɓe, e jappeere laamu toownde ko heewi ko ngam aksidaa jibinannde tan walla ngam « ɓadtaade naafigaagal » wonaa tan ngam ittude ɓesngu nguu hakkillaaji mum en e eɓɓooji mum en kono kadi ko seede hollirde wonde ndeeɗoo otokaraasi yuɓɓo ko replica native premedilam to the British momtude. — E nder ƴeewndo Aminu e hitaande 1953, Dr. Walter Miller winndi "Mbele en ŋakkiraama e nder leydi Najeriya?"[40] Caggal nde o woppi laamu, Aminu arti Kano, o naati e lannda « Northern Elements Progressive Union » (NEPU) e dow laawol.[12]: 101 Paandaale lannda ka cifaaɗe ɗee ina njeyaa heen « ndimaagu talakawa » (yimɓe) rewrude e « peewnugol politik e nder laamuuji otokaraasi hannde ɗii ». E nder batu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaandeejo Kongres Leƴƴi Fuɗnaange (NPC) e lewru desaambar 1950, kuulal NEPU, ngal Aminu winndi, noddii nde NPC bayyinaa wonde "lannda politik ngenndiyaŋke laaɓtuɗo".[12]: 95 It became political up to party, It became political up to party demokaraasi leydi ndii.[9]: 359–360 Kono tan, amiiruuji doole e "won e ofiseeji njuɓɓudi" ina njiyri NPC ko fedde jogiinde miijooji radikal kulɓiniiɗi. Kuutoragol terɗe terɗe moƳƳere e konservatiif ummii, e kulol wonde NPC, so yiytaama no radikal nii, ina waawi haɓaade ngam wonde lannda ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange. Terɗe NPC keewɗe ina ndartini yaltude e fedde nde so tawii terɗe NEPU ɗee njaltinaaka.[12]: 95–96 Shehu Shagari, hono hooreejo fedde NPC nde sukaaɓe Sokoto, hokkaama yamiroore ngam salaade kala ɗaɓɓaande Aminu e Zungur ngam heɓde darnde ardorde e nder batu Jos NPC mo hitaande 1950. Shagari, e laawol mum feewde batu nguu, hawri e Aminu e Zungur e nder oto, humpitii ɓe ndeeɗoo yamiroore. O wiyi wonde Aminu, nde nani ɗum, o hirjinii mo « huutoraade mandat mo ndokkaa-mi oo » o hollitii mo kadi jokkude sehilaagal maɓɓe e teddungal maɓɓe.[30]: 68–69 [41]: 25 Ko ɗum waɗi, NEPC, ƴettuɗo hoore mum, yalti e N lannda.[10]: 140-141 [41]: 25-33 Aminu tawtoraama daawal wooteeji gadani e wooteeji parlemaa gadani e lewru suwee 1951 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji to bannge worgo. Lannda makko, NEPU, heɓi nafoore e 12 e nder 26 jooɗorɗe dokkaaɗe ngam wuro Kano, ɓuri lanndaaji tati keddiiɗi ɗii, ina heen ardiiɓe njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii, tawi ko kam en fof njogii jooɗorɗe jeegom.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 kanndidaaji cakkitiiɗi ɗi kolees to gese suudu sarɗiiji rewrude e woote sirlu. Ɗeeɗoo koleesuuji, tawi ina mbaɗi pelle tokoose, heen gooto fof waɗii teemedde keewɗe woote walla ko ɓuri ɗum.[12]: 29 Hay so tawii NEPU ina joginoo nafoore e daawal gadanal ngal, Aminu ina famɗi no feewi e golle woote cakkitiiɗe ɗee, heɓi 16 woote e nder 68 woote, tee hay gooto e NEPU secuɓe e nder 68 woote Asammbele, wonnoo ko kolees woote wonande suudu sarɗiiji. Terɗe NEPU nayi, puɗɗiiɗe heɓde nafoore e daawal hakkundeewal, tawi ina kaɓa e kanndidaaji ɗi ɓe keɓi ko adii ɗuum, ummoriiɗi e laamu leydi ndii e nder daawal gadanal ngal.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 Sabu batte wooteeji ɗii, ko ɗum woni ko Biritaannaaɓe njiyri wonde laamu Biritaannaaɓe e laamu nguu njuɓɓudi woote ɓurndi welde e laamu ngenndi,[12]: 30 [14][42]: 78–79 e "ko heewi e terɗe cuɓaaɗe ɗee ngonti daraniiɓe nafooje mum". wonde Aminu dañii woote ɗee nde tawnoo "ina waawi ittude heen mettere e nder njuɓɓudi Aminu" e wonde "[Fuɗnaange Nijeer] ina haani denndaangal worɓe waawɓe mooftude, e mbaawka Aminu alaa ko waawi naamneede".[43]: 225 Seppo mawngo "15,000 NExtayer souls [PU] yuɓɓinaa keeɓal. Lannda kaa yuɓɓinii wooteeji njuɓɓudi ngam hollitde wonde wooteeji toowɗi ina mbaawi waɗeede e nder njuɓɓudi. NEPU dañii dañde kaalis keewɗo ngam neldude Aminu to Angalteer « ngam ñaawde haala mum en yeeso Parlemaa Angalteer e yimɓe fof ». E ballal Thomas Hodgkin e John Collins, Aminu dañii hawrude e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji, depiteeji Fabian, e jaagorgal leydi Angalteer. Laamu Native Authority jaabtii ɗum e ƴattaade e uddude terɗe NEPU e nder Kano, teeŋti noon e ƴattaade Gambo Sawaba, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe, gardiiɗo fedde rewɓe NEPU. NPC, hannde woni lannda politik ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange, huutoriima kadi ‘fedde jom en hakkillaaji en’, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko Yan Mahaukata (‘yimɓe majjuɓe’) walla Jam’iyyar Mahaukata (‘Lanndaaji majjuɓe’), ngam ustude terɗe lanndaaji politik goɗɗi to Kano, haa teeŋti noon e terɗe NEPU. Gaagaa sosde fedde wiyeteende Positive Action Wing (PAW) ngam haɓaade ɗeen bonanndeeji, won terɗe parlemaa Angalteer, ko wayi no Fenner Brockway, mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamu koloñaal ngam haɗde golle bonɗe ɗee. PAW fusi haa jooni e hitaande 1954 nde wonnoo ko kañum ɓuri Yan Mahaukata doolnude. Sabu darnde makko toownde e nder lannda kaa, Aminu ina reeni no feewi e fitinaaji ɓalli ɗi terɗe NEPU keddiiɗe ɗee mbaɗata.[48]: 137 Kono Aminu ina joginoo nanngugol keewngol e juuɗe laamu leydi ndii. Teskaama e nder kampaañ woote fedde ndee e hitaande 1954, o ñaawaa laabi ɗiɗi. Arano oo, ko ngam fiyde lefol NEPU e dow oto makko to wuro Kano—golle ɗe aadaaji mum en mbaɗata ko Emir Kano e hoɗɓe e leydi Angalteer. Ɗiɗaɓere, ngam yaltinde binndanɗe ɗe o tuumaa ko ‘anniya fenaande’, ɗum addani mo balɗe tati kasoo wonande gadano oo, e njoɓdi £50 wonande ɗiɗaɓo oo.[12]: 364 [49]: 91 E nder haala goɗɗa, o tuumaama e bidsee, fedde Kamairu e fedde mallasi. Tuumeede ndee ina tuugnii e miijo wonde ɓoornaade butoŋ Sawaba mo terɗe NEPU mbaɗi oo, ko huunde nde wonaa lislaam, tee NEPU ina tuumaa ina gollondira e Kerecee’en ngam haɓaade ardiiɓe diineeji Fuɗnaange. E wondude e wasiyaaji makko Danladi e Lawan Dambazau, Aminu feeñii e yeeso diiso Emir to Kano ngam ƴeewtaade ɗeen tuume. E fawaade e teddeendi tuume ɗee, kanko e wasiyaaji cifaaɗi ɗii « mbaɗii wujjude neɗɗo jogorɗo maayde (rites cakkitiiɗi) ». E nder batu nguu, Aminu hollitii wonde diiso amiir oo wonaa renndo jeewte, yeewtere ndee ina foti waɗeede heen seeɗa, caggal ɗuum haalanee amiir oo. Ɗum nanondiraama, batu ɗiɗaɓo yuɓɓinaama. E nder ndee ɗoo kawral ɗiɗaɓal, Aminu wiyi wonde kawtal NEPU e Kawtal ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC) wonaa ko luutndii janngirɗe lislaam sabu hay Muhammadu meeɗii waɗde kawtal defannde e yahuud en saraaji Madiina. O wiyi kadi ko ɓooyaani koo, kanko Emir Kano, o jokkondirii e inɗeele Igbo Kerecee'en ngam golloraade Juulirde mawnde Kano e kitaale 1950. To bannge butoŋ Sawaba, Aminu naamndii so tawii kadi ko ɗum huunde nde wonaa lislaam nde won e amiiruuji ɓoornii medal « Ordre britannique de Saint-George ». Haa jooni nanondiral waɗii, terɗe NEPU ina mbaawi ɓoornaade tan ko baaji lannda e nder seppooji mawɗi.[10]: 149–151 Aminu suɓaama hooreejo NEPU e batu tataɓo hitaande 1953, o lomtii Abba Maikwaru. Hitaande fawtii heen, lannda ka waɗi kawtal e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e leydi Kameruun (NCNC) mo Nnamdi Azikiwe. E nder wooteeji diiwaan 1956, Aminu ina haɓa e diiwaan Kano Fuɗnaange. O fooli woote ɗe Ahmadu Dantata, gooto nder Naajeeriya'en ɓurduɓe alɗugo, ronooɓe laamu filu Dantata.[9]: 333 Suɓol ngol, ngol waɗaama dow ko laarani suɓol worɓe yoɓooɓe ceede, ngol timmini bee Dantata heɓugo woote 2,119 dow Aminu 776. [12]: 328 haa 329 [50]. Suɓol mawngol leydi Naajeeriya ngol hitaande 1959 waɗii huunde mawnde, sibu ko ngol woni wooteeji gadani ɗi wooteeji laaɓtuɗi mbaɗata e kala diiwaan. Aminu, gonɗo e les njiimaandi NEPU-NCNC, kadi ƴaañii e wooteeji Kano Fuɗnaange, o heɓi 60,4% e wooteeji ɗii, o heɓi jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii.[12]: 374 [35]: 370 E nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o toɗɗaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii Hooreejo Goomu Alliance ngam geɗe caggal leydi e ina wiyee o saliima toɗɗagol jaagorde nde tawnoo o miijii ko <nowiki>''</nowiki>ina fotnoo<nowiki>''</nowiki> jaɓde jappeere "jogiinde teddungal e doole" tawi fotde 2 000 neɗɗo ina ngondi e lannda makko e nder... kasoo.[10]: 187 [12]: 374 [51]: 630 === Republiik gadano (1960-1966) === Ƴeew kadi: Republiik Najeriya gadano Ko o depitee, Aminu ƴetti hakkille mum e geɗe ngenndiije e winndereyankooje jowitiiɗe e leydi Najeriya keso ndi, tawi omo jokki e faandaare makko mawnde, hono rimɗinde talakawa. E nder suudu nduu, o hollitii laabi keewɗi ngam wallitde e yaawnude golle leydi ndii ngam haɓaade koloñaal. To bannge politik caggal leydi Nijeer, Aminu ko daraniiɗo pan-Afrik, o wiyi wonde Nijeer ina foti wonde "base hare ngam haɓaade njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe".[52] O tiiɗnii e tiiɗnaare ngam Naajeeriya ɓeyda ballal mum e golle haɓaade apartaayd e nder Afrik worgo, o hirjinii kadi jokkude golle Naajeeriya ngam artirde "jam e ndimaagu e nder leydi Konngo".[10]: 188 [53][54][55] Toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya (ONU) Balewa, gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo makko ummoriiɗo Bauchi, Aminu ina famɗi radikal so en ƴeewtindiima golle makko nokkuyankooje. E nder laamu makko to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, haa teeŋti noon e geɗe winndereyankooje, o jokkondirii e « ƴellitaare e ƴellitaare jeertinaande ». Ko o pan-Afriknaajo cemmbinɗo, o daraniima darnde nde aldaa e paltoor ngam Nijeer, o goongɗini sabaabu ‘dipolomasi mo aldaa e paltoor’.[10]: 189–191 [56]: 29–31 E nder laamu Aminu e nder suudu sarɗiiji to Lagos, njuɓɓudi NEPU ɓeydiima saɗtude. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1961, Joseph Tarka, hooreejo fedde wiyeteende “Congrès du Moyen Belt” (UMBC), ƴetti konngol ngam waɗde nanondiral hakkunde NEPU e lannda mum ngam sosde fedde tiiɗnde ngam haɓaade NPC to Fuɗnaange. Kono sarɗi oo ko yo NEPU wallit faandaare UMBC sosde dowla keeriiɗo mo Middle Belt. So tawii Aminu yiyii nafooje potɗe heɓde e kawtal ngal, o saliima sabu jokkondiral UMBC e fedde Action Group (AG). O firti eɓɓaande ndee ko eɓɓoore nde AG waɗi ngam taƴde jokkondiral NCNC e NEPU, luulndo maɓɓe ɓurngo mawnude to bannge worgo. Hay so tawii won terɗe NEPU ina luulndii ɗum, eɓɓaande UMBC ndee heɓiino weltaare, tee jaɓgol Aminu ngol ina jokkondiri e ñiŋooje. Ko NEPU waɗi e wooteeji 1961 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, ɗo ɓe keɓi jooɗorde wootere tan, ɓeydi heen ŋakkeende kisal nder lannda kaa.[10]: 196 [12]: 421 [57]: 183 de6poer Laamu diiwaan oo ko Emir Kano. Aminu tuumi Ahmadu Bello, hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, hooreejo NPC, woni ɓaawo limngal limngal. O renndini postooji e propagandeeji ƴettuɗi ko nanndi e luural daartol hakkunde Sokoto e Kano. Sanusi lomtii ko Muhammadu Inuwa mawɗo, jokkondirɗo e Aminu. Waɗooɓe Sanusi mbaɗi lannda yimɓe Kano (KPP), ngam yiɗde gartugol makko walla ɓiyiiko Ado Sanusi ƴetta laamu. KPP hawri e NEPU, hay so tawii noon alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa artirde Sanusi. NPC, ngam etaade hisnude ballal to Kano, noddii ballal mum yo salmin Emir keso oo. Caggal nde wallidiiɓe NEPU ndartinaa e batu nguu, ɓe njuɓɓini batu ɓurngu mawnude ñalnde heen, tawi ko 35 000 neɗɗo tawtoraama, ɗo Amir jaɓɓii ɓe no moƴƴi. Inuwa maayi ñalnde heen caggal ndeeɗoo kawral, Bello, ngam haɗde jiiɓru ɓeydaade, toɗɗii Ado Bayero, miñiiko Sanusi, ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Senegaal, ngam lomtaade mo. Deƴƴere Sanusi ndee waɗii batte keewɗe e ballal NEPU to Kano, ɓeydi kadi jiiɓru hakkunde Kano e Sokoto, haa teeŋti noon e nder banndiraaɓe suufiyankooɓe Tijanniyya e Qadriyya. Hay so tawii Aminu heddiima e kala banndiraagal suufiyanke, o faami nafoore maɓɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o huutorii luural ngal ngam yahrude yeeso nafooje NEPU. E nder kampaañiji wooteeji Fedde nde 1964, Aminu yilliima Sheek Ibrahim Niass, hooreejo Tijanni mawɗo, to Kaolack ko ɗum waɗi fotooje Aminu ina keɓa barkeeji e Sheek ina cirƴa to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya: 182, 10: 200-206, 57: 290, 170-183 === 1964 Woote kuuɓtodinɗe === Ƴeew kadi: Fiilde hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1964 Caggal nde UMBC joofni jokkondiral mum e Fedde Golle, NEPU e UMBC cosi Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare worgo (NPF), tawi faandaare mum ko « feccude diiwaan worgo gooto, ngam rokkude daande laaɓtunde pelle ɓurɗe famɗude ». KPP e pelle tokoose goɗɗe naati e NPF, ina ɗaminii sosde dowla Kano keeriiɗo, keeriiɗo. Nde leydi ndii ɓadtii woote, diiwanuuji tati ɗii fof ina njogii jiiɓru mawndu e tuumeede fenaande. To Kano, Aminu, hooreejo NEPU, hawri e Ibrahim Gashash, hooreejo lannda NPC, ngam ustude fitinaaji potɗi waɗeede e nanondiral e njuɓɓudi wooteeji. Gashash jaɓii waawnude ardiiɓe lannda mum ngam haɗde hareeji ƴiiƴam "kono fof alaa ko nafi". Ñalnde 28 desaambar, balɗe ɗiɗi tan ko adii woote ɗee, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Azikiwe, wiyi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Balewa, yo jokku woote ɗee fotde lebbi jeegom sabu ɓeydagol jiiɓru, o ɗaɓɓiri kadi ƴeewndo ONU. Balewa salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, wiyi ko ɗum yalti e mbaawka makko. Hooreejo Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, tawi naamnaaki terɗe goɗɗe, kadi woppii ɗum. Ko ɗum addani tato e nder jeegom terɗe komisiyoŋ oo woppude golle. Tooñanngeeji ɗi njiy-ɗen ɗii e fenaande tuumaande ndee ina addana kanndidaaji e lanndaaji keewɗi ustude woote ɗee, ɗum noon ko njeñtudi ‘lopsided’. Aminu dañii diiwaan mum to Kano Fuɗnaange e kanndidaa NPC, Mahmud Dantata, ɓiy Alhassan Dantata e gonnooɗo tergal NEPU, Dantata heɓi 1 700 woote e Aminu 690 e nder 40 000 wootooɓe potɓe suɓaade.[8]: 312:10] Caggal woote ɗee, Aminu e goomu gollordu hakkundeejo NEPU yuɓɓinii batu ngam restrategize. "Deftere daneere dow caɗeele siyaasaaku ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari" winndaama ngam hollugo, nde ɗon laara darnde NEPU nden ɗon hokka limngal njuɓɓudi. Ndeeɗoo batu ko mawnde e nder daartol lannda kaa, tawi ko depiteeji ummoriiɗi e teemedde cafrirɗe e nder Fuɗnaange fof tawtoraama. Ina jeyaa e toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ɗee, mbaawka hawrude e denndaangal lanndaaji politik luulndo to bannge worgo, sosde « lannda ngenndiijo kuuɓtodinɗo », sosde dowlaaji kesi, sosde ballal bursi. Koolol ngol kadi addani Diɗɗal Dowla Kano (KSM) fuɗɗaade, tawi ina waɗi NEPU, KPP, e won e terɗe NPC luulndiiɗe laamu. Ñalnde 14 abriil 1965, batu mawngu yuɓɓinaama ngam udditde KSM, tawi ko gooto e jamaanu ɓurngu mawnude e daartol politik Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Ahmadu Trader, sehil Aminu ɓooyɗo, toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi ndi gadano, Aminu woni jaagorgal mum to bannge politik.[10]: 213–215 Faandaare KSM adannde ko sosde dowla Kano ceertuɗo.[8]: 271 E hitaande 1965, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa toɗɗii Aminu yo won nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Aminu woni wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya haa kawtal lesɗe duuniyaaru dow filu e ɓamtaare nder hitaande 1965. Nde o arti e golle ONU, ñalnde 6 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Aminu ummii Lagos fayde Kano ngam tawtoreede batu NEPU, ɗo yeewtere laabi restrategie jokki. Nde o ari Kano, Aminu humpitaama rewrude e Abubakar Gumi, mawɗo Khadi (Mawɗo Ñaawirde) diiwaan Fuɗnaange e gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Aminu to Maru, ko fayti e batu sirlu ngu Ahmadu Bello yuɓɓini, gonnooɗo e oon sahaa to Makka. Joɗnde ndee fotnoo ko waɗde hakkunde maɓɓe tato, nde fotnoo ko ñalnde 16 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. Kono, ko adii nde joɗnde ndee waɗata, Bello waraa ko ñalnde 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. So tawii anniyaaji Bello e batu nguu ina keddii e laaɓde sabu maayde makko e sahaa mum, miijo Gumi ko wonde ina gasa tawa o woni ko e ƴeewtaade tolno njiimaandi e nder Fuɗnaange, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e nanondiral woote ngam wooteeji Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange garooji ɗii.[10]:21 === Laamu konu (1966—1979) === Hakkunde 14 e 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966, soldateeɓe murtuɓe konu Naajeeriya e gardagol Kaduna Nzeogwu e woɗɓe nayo mbarii Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe marɓe semmbe ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe Naajeeriya, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna mo Naajeeriya worgo Sokoto e Ardiiɗo lesdi hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeeɗoo eɓɓaande kuudetaa umminii dille luulndiiɗe kuudetaa e nder konu nguu, tawi ko Ofisee Seneraal Komanda, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ardii ɗum, dañii ustude kuudetaa oo. Caggal kuudetaa mo ronki, ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa, Aguiyi-Ironsi ƴetti golle hooreejo leydi, ardii laamu konu gadano leydi Nijeer.[58]: 63 === Laamu Ironsi === Ƴeew kadi: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1966 Hay so tawii banndiraaɓe makko NEPU ina njogii hoolaare, sibu ina cikka ina mbaawi heblude ŋakkeende politik nde kuudetaa oo heddinoo, Aminu ɓadtiima laamu Ironsi e hakkille. E lomtaade lannda makko, o neldi laamu nguu telegaraam « hakkilantaagal » , o woppii juulde kono o hollitii yaakaare makko wonde laamu Ironsi ina waawi renndinde ngenndi ndii, ina yahra yeeso e demokaraasi. Ironsi yaawi wontude mo yiɗaa e nder diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange sabu mum waasde jogaade darnde e darnde politik ɗeen diiwanuuji, o ɓuri yiɗde ko amiir en e mawɓe e nokkuuji mum en . Ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe politik e nder njuɓɓudi kesiri ndii ko Guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi, jooni ko kamɓe ngoni wasiyaaji guwerneeruuji konu. Ngonka kesa ka to Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii nanndude e laamu ɓooyngu nguu, ngu koloñaal en Angalteer mbaɗi, ngu ɓeydi heen njiyaagu e laamu nguu, haa teeŋti noon e nder dingiral radikal en. Lebbi tati e nder laamu makko, Aminu ina jokki e yeewtidde e Joseph Tarka e Maitama Sule ko fayti e ko ɓe njiyri "kuulal gootal wonande leydi Nijeer".[8]: 332–333 [25]: 380–381 Hedde sahaa ndeeɗoo batu, Ironsi jaɓi haa jooni jokkondirde e Aminu. Aminu hollitii caɗeele ɗe Fuɗnaange jogori dañde, o holliti heen peeje. Ironsi noon, wayi ko no alaa ko nafi, ko ɗum waɗi, darnde Aminu ndee « alaa ko nafi ». Caggal ɗuum, Aminu tuugnii ko e Ado Bayero, laamɗo Kano, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni hooreejo leydi ndii, ngam yettinde miijooji mum cemmbinɗi ɗii to Kumanndaa mawɗo oo.[10]: 222–223 E lewru mee, Ironsi yaltinii "Decree dental" luulndiiɗo, momtuɗo diiwanuuji Nijeer, lomtiniri ɗum "pelle diiwanuuji". Yanti heen, Dekere oo renndini ko sarwisaaji siwil ɗi diiwaanuuji ɗii mbaɗnoo ko adii ɗuum. O ɓeydi heen momtude denndaangal lanndaaji politik e pelle pinal ngam yiɗde haɓaade ‘tribalism’. Anndinoore Decree ndee ɓeydii jiiɓru e nder Fuɗnaange, ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e pelle eliteeji ɗii njiyri ko ɓeydaade woɗɗitaade laamu nguu to Lagos. Ɓe cikki wonde Dekere oo yeewtidaaka e maɓɓe no haanirta nii, tee ina waɗi sarɗiiji "ɗi moƴƴaani e maɓɓe".[25]: 647 To Kano, fotde teemedde ɗiɗi almuudo, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ummorii ko e duɗal Abdullahi Bayeron, duɗal Rumfa, e duɗal janngirɗe aarabeeɓe, yuɓɓini seppooji ɗi Kaverlino de Aarabeeɓe mbinndi Guwerneer diiwal worgo leydi ndi hono Hassan Katsina. Ñalnde heen, fitinaaji mbaɗi e nder wuro ngo, fitinaaji ɗii mbaɗii e njulaagu Igbo en, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 100 haa 200 neɗɗo maayi heen, tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen ko Igbo en kono kadi ina heen woɗɓe nanngaaɓe e fitinaaji ɗii. Ñaawirde sosaa ngam ƴeewtaade fitinaaji ɗii, gardiiɗo mayre ko Sir Lionel Brett, ñaawoowo Angalteer to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Nijeer. Ñaawirde Sir Brett meeɗaa ƴettude ñaawoore mum nde laamu Ironsi joofi caggal nde o waraa ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966 E lewru sulyee, Ironsi yuɓɓinii batu e amiiruuji e mawɓe leydi ndii ɓurɓe waawde to Ibadan. E nder kawral ngal, o yamiri ɓe yimde jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗin, o holli anniya maako ngam waɗuki ɓe darnde haa lesdi Naajeeriya bana no guwerneeruuji sooja'en, miijo ngo ɗon mari ƴamol, Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero wurti diga kawtal ngal. Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1966, kuudetaa gardinooɗo ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii, ɗum addani Ironsi waraa to Ibadan.[25]: 385 Ñalnde 1 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Lietnaa-Kolonel Yakubu Gowon toɗɗaa Sustelit be hooreejo leydi caggal nde) ƴettude yamiroore.[25]: 52 === Laamu Gowon (1966—1975) === Ƴeew kadi: 1966 Kuudetaa Nijeer Toɗɗagol Gowon, Kerecee’en worgo, jeyaaɗo e leñol tokosol, hooreejo leydi, ko huunde nde SMC waɗi ngam haɗde kuuɓtodinɓe worgo, e gardagol Lietnaa-Kolonel Murtala Muhammed, seertude e republique. Gowon woppi ko ɓuri heewde e kasooji politik nanngaaɓe e laamu Ironsi, ina jeyaa heen Obafemi Awolowo, politik Yorubaajo mawɗo mo diiwaan Hirnaange. O woppi kadi kuulal denndinngal luulndiingal ngal, o artiri diiwanuuji nay ɗi limtaa ko adii ɗuum. Yanti heen, Gowon yuɓɓinii batu wakili’en diiwaan ngam ƴettude kuule doosɗe kese, anndiraaɗe goomu doosɗe Ad Hoc. Aminu e Joseph Tarka ina njeyaa e wakili'en diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder batu nguu. Depiteeji ɗii fof e batu nguu, so wonaa Fuɗnaange-rewo, ina mballita e miijo laamu fedde tiiɗngu tuugiiɗo e dowlaaji tokoosi.[25]: 52 Ɗoon e ɗoon, caggal nde Gowon anndinaa toɗɗagol mum, Aminu wallitii e yuɓɓinde jeewte e "ardiiɓe miijo" Fuɗnaange to Kaduna, tawi ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe laamu e politikaaji Republique gadano. Yeewtere ndee rewi ko e njiimaandi laamu kesu nguu, tawi ko binndanɗe yeewtere ƴettaaɗe, peeñninaama ngam ƴeewtaade, waylude, walla salaade fedde ndee. Ko adii noddaango goomu ad hoc Gowon, fedde yeewtere ndee yeewtidii e toɓɓere dowlaaji kesi, Aminu suɓaama ngam ardaade goomu nguu. Aminu woni wakiliijo fedde Kaduna nder kawtal Ad Hoc to Lagos, ɓe hokki wasiyaaji maɓɓe ngam sosde lesɗe 12 haa 14, 7 ngam Fuunaange, 5 ngam Fuunaange. Kono, e joofnirde, batu nguu feccii dowlaaji ɗii no fotiri, 6 wonande Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange fof. E nder lebbi ɗiɗi gadani laamu Gowon, Aminu waɗii e makko batuuji tati ceertuɗi. Aranndeere nden hawti bee delegaasiyon yimɓe sappo diga Fuunaange, ɗiɗaɓre nden bana tergal Goomu Ad Hoc, kawtal tataɓal ngal hawti bee Aminu nder goomu jowi yimɓe Fuunaange, ardii ɗum Sir Kashim Ibrahim, gonnooɗo siyaasaaku NPC e Governor siwil cakkitiiɗo dow convened Northern Naajeeriya, ardii ɗum laamu fedde tiiɗnde e ngootaagu ngenndi.[10]: 237–241 Nde wonnoo Fuɗnaange ina jokki e wallitde laamu fedde tiiɗnde, caggal nde Gowon heɓi nafoore mum e delegaasiyoŋ Ibraahiima, e Hirnaange kadi ina jokki e wallitde caggal nde mawɗo Awolowo haa jooni "ardi" e miijo ngoo, ko diiwaan Fuɗnaange tan heddii e luulndaade. Igbo en ɓurɓe heewde Fuɗnaange ina njoginoo ŋakkeende hoolaare e laamu nguu, ina gasa tawa ko sabu fitinaaji "pogrom-like" ɗi ɓe muñnoo ko juuti caggal kuudetaa lewru sulyee, ɗi soldateeɓe fenaande yiɗɓe yoɓde kuudetaa lewru janvier mbaɗi. E nder winndannde makko ñalnde 4 oktoobar 1966, Aminu winnditii "Ko ɓuri mettude e muñal konu. Jaawgol e golle ina ɗaɓɓi. Fuɗnaange ina woni e laawol seertude." E nder etaade yaawnude gartugol laamu siwil, Aminu ɓadtiima ardiiɓe Goomu Ad Hoc, Awolowo (Hirnaange), Kashim Ibrahiima (Fuɗnaange), Anthony Enahoro (Caka Hirnaange) e ‘Eni’ (Fuɗnaange), ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal ngam sosde laamu joofngu. Kono tan, darnde makko taƴaa ko e ɓuuɓri fitinaaji to Fuɗnaange.[10]: 240–241 [25]: 52–53 E nder geɗe tati mawɗe baɗnooɗe e fitinaaji mawɗi e hitaande 1966, ko e lewru oktoobar "ko ɓuri heewde e maayɗeele".[25]: 131 fitinaaji ɗii ko soldateeɓe Fuɗnaange e wuyɓe nokkuuji ɗii mbaɗi ɗum en, teeŋti noon e yan daba to Kano. Ko ɗum waɗi Igbo en heewɓe hoɗɓe e Fuɗnaange ndogi njalti Fuɗnaange ngam yiylaade kisal. Caggal nde ɓe muñi warngooji goɗɗi, diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo salii hootde e batuuji Ad Hoc.[25]: 52–56 [58]: 134–138 E joofnirde fitinaaji ɗii, "Ibo en fof ndogi Fuɗnaange, Hausa en Fuɗnaange". Diwgol mawngol fotde miliyoŋ Fuɗnaange addani faggudu Fuɗnaange ɓadtaade. Jaltugol ɗoon e ɗoon binnditagol, karallaagal, njulaagu, e gollotooɓe laamu, ina metti faggudu diiwaan oo no feewi, sibu sarwisaaji ɗii mbaawii tan ko heɓtude fotde 40% e tolnooji ko adii kuudetaa oo, yontereeji jeegom caggal ɗuum. Ngam wallude e safrude ndeeɗoo caɗeele, Aminu sosi Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Kano (anndiraa hannde Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Aminu Kano). Hassan Katsina, guwerneer militeer'en lesdi Fuunaange, jaɓi wallugo ngam yaawnugo kuugal ngal, Maitama Sule hokki saare maako bana nokkuure arandeere nde janngirde nde'e woni. Ina jeyaa e yimɓe woɗɓe wallitɓe eɓɓaande ndee, Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero, Aminu Dantata, Sani Gezawa, Inuwa Wada, e Tanko Yakasai. Aminu e hoore mum rokkii eɓɓaande ndee 250 mbuuɗu, tawi darnde mum fof ina tolnoo e 4 000 mbuuɗu. Aminu woni hooreejo duɗal ngal haa o maayi e hitaande 1983. Gooto e almuɓɓe duɗal ngal ɓurɓe teskinde ko Aliko Dangote, Afriknaajo ɓurɗo alɗude.[59][60] E fuɗɗoode lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Diiso Toowngo Konu (SMC) yuɓɓinii batu to Aburi, Ganaa, ngu daartoowo biyeteeɗo Max Siollun siftini wonde "diisnondiral doosgal daartol, ngal nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni sabaabu renndo e politik leydi Nijeer".[58]:-153 Batu nguu ɓuri waawde tawtoreede ko Ljukdum Ojuklo. Guwerneer Militeer Fuɗnaange, baɗɗo miijooji keewɗi. E nder ɗeen miijooji, ɓurɗi teeŋtude heen ko wonde diiwanuuji ɗii ina poti jaɓde kala kuule jowitiiɗe e mum en e ko fayi arde, tawa kadi denndaangal kuule gonɗe heen ɗee, luulndiiɗe ndeeɗoo feere, ina poti momteede. Ɗeeɗoo miijooji, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ƴaañde ndimaagu diiwaan oo, keɓii nanondiral gootal hakkunde denndaangal lanndaaji SMC. Kono nde Gowon arti Lagos, "gollotooɓe laamu makko ina mbeltii e luggiɗde e ballal makko e Ojukwu". Ndeen noon, nanondiral Aburi ngal meeɗaa huutoreede, ɗum addani jokkondiral hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde ndee ɓeydaade bonde.[25]: 56–57 [58]: 151–159 Nde ɗum jokki, Aminu; Yuusuf Tarka, hooreejo UMBC; Aliyu Makaman Bida, politik NPC ɓurɗo mawnude e wuurde ; e Umaru Dikko, hono binndoowo maɓɓe, ina njillondiri e Fuɗnaange ngam humpitaade yimɓe ɓee geɗe jooni ɗee, ko ɓuri teeŋtude kadi, ngam haɗde jeewte seertude e Fedde ndee. Jaɓɓungal ngal ina waɗi jeewte jamaanu e jokkondirde e amiiruuji e mawɓe diiwaan oo.[30]: 136 Ɓooytaani caggal njillu nguu, Aminu majjii ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Isa Wali e lewru feebariyee, baaba mum majjii e lewru mee.[10]: 246–250 [25]: Ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 1967, Gowon habri feccugol leydi Nijeer e dowlaaji sappo e ɗiɗi. Ko ɗum huunde nde leƴƴi pamari ɗi diiwanuuji nay mumtuɗi ɗii mawnini no feewi.[25]: 390 [61] Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii (FEC) sosaa ngam golloraade e les njiimaandi Diiso Toowngo Konu. FEC ina waɗi jooɗaniiɓe siwil en toɗɗaaɓe e nder kala diiwaan, ina poti wonde junngo njuɓɓudi laamu nguu. Aminu toɗɗaama ngam laataago wakiliijo lesdi Kano, o hokkaama darnde Komisinaajo Fedde nde'e ngam jokkirli.[10]: 253–254 === Hare nder leydi (1967-1970) === Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Balɗe tati caggal feccere diiwanuuji ɗii, Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko Republique de Biafra.[25]: 390 Caggal nde laamu nguu fooli eɓɓooji mum e "action police", Military-Government jaabtii e blockades. Caggal ɗuum, konu Biafran yani, heɓti laamu dowla hakkundeejo hirnaange (Bendel), ɗum addani Gowon bayyinde wolde.[58]: 162 E nder wolde ndee fof, Aminu ina jokki e wonde tergal FEC. O ardii goomu soodgol kaɓirɗe, tawi ina waɗi yah-ngartaa keewɗo e nder winndere ndee, haa arti noon e Orop, Amerik, Dental Sowiyet, e Afrik worgo, ngam kaaldigal e nanondiral kaɓirɗe.[62][63][64][4] E lewru mee 1968, Aminu tawtoraama yeewtere jam hakkunde Nijeer e Biafra yuɓɓinaande to Kampala, Uganndaa, hitaande wootere caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele. Chinua Achebe, winndiyanke Naajeeriya mawɗo, tawtoraama kadi yeewtere nde e nder delegaasiyoŋ Biafran. Ngolɗoo batu ko ngol woni go’o ko Achebe ina hawra e Aminu, o siftini : Miɗo siftora no feewi nde njiy-mi Aminu Kano mo delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya ina jooɗii yeeso ina ndaara mette no feewi. Ɗum ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri tiiɗde e ko gorko oo waɗi e am, so en ƴeewtindiima yimɓe hono mawɗo Enahoro mo wonnoo gardiiɗo delegaasiyoŋ oo ina ƴattondiri e jaaltaaɓe, haa arti noon e Asika. Aminu Kano wayi ko no seertuɗo nii; goonga noon, omo wayi no omo ndaara e nder windo. Nde gollodiiɓe makko ina kaala mawnikinaare e 6uu6ol e 6uu6ol men, Aminu Kano ina dee/i, ina 6uu6too.[65]: 138 Oo ko gorko mo weltaaki e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof walla no haala kaa yahrata. Ndeen pottital waɗii e am maande nde momtataa e Aminu Kano, e jikku makko e hakkille makko.[66] Aminu ɓadtiima hare ndee wonaa hare hakkunde leñol Igbo walla Diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɓooyɗo, kono ko hare seertude. E nder konngol makko ngol o haali e janngooɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abdullahi Bayero to Kano e lewru feebariyee 1970, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe, e laamu nguu, yo ɓe peewnu no haanirta nii ngam gartugol Biafranaaɓe. Aminu teeŋtinii : Ina woodi caɗeele naatgol Ibo en. Ɓe ngummii ko feccere mawnde e ndii leydi, ko heewi e ko ɓe ngummii ko koɗdiiɗo nokku oo ƴetti ɗum. Hol ko ɓe poti waɗde? Ɗum ina waɗi nafoore nde tawnoo eɗen kaɓa e maɓɓe ngam heddaade e leydi Nijeer. Min ɗon wi'a, "A waawataa yahugo. A foti heddaago Naajeeriya." So ɓe ngartii, mbele aɗa waawi haɗde ɓe jogaade geɗe walla leydi ? A waawaa waɗde noon. Hol no Ibo common waawirta ƴettude ɗuum? Ɓe mbiyi: “Min njiɗi ko yahde.” Min mbi'i, "Aa'a, sey a hedda haa lesdi Naajeeriya." Ɓe mbi'a: “Jooni min ngartii.” Hol ko mbaɗaten? Ko ɗeen ngoni caɗeele potɗe dañeede. Wonaa caɗeele koyɗe. Wonataa wiyde koɗorɗe to Sabon Gari, koɗorɗe to Tudun Wada, koɗorɗe to Kaduna ina toppitie. Mbele ɓe ngartat? E nder njulaagu maɓɓe? E yiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ngam jooɗaade e leydi Naajeeriya? Ɓiɓɓe men worɓe e rewɓe heewɓe njahii maayii e innde kawtal ngam haɓaade Ibos en e nder leydi Najeriya. Mbele aɗa waawi ostracize ɓe jooni? A waawaa. Hol ko njahataa waɗde? Hol ko woni porogaraam mon? Aɗa foti fuɗɗoraade peewnugol gila jooni. Heewaani ot wiyde, "Oh eey, eɓe ngarta."[8]: 356 === Reformeeji e nder diiwaan Kano === E nder diiwaan Kano keso oo, wonno ko limtooji ɗiɗi laamu ngenndi e sahaa laamu Gowon. Ɓeen ngoni Audu Bako, guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan Kano, e Aminu, komisariyaajo siwil e tergal FEC.[8]: 339 Reformeeji keewɗi mbaɗaama e nder Dowla oo, haa teeŋti noon e to bannge Emiraaji. Ñaawirɗe alkali ɓooyɗe ɗee lomtinaama ñaawirɗe nokkuuji, ñaawirde amiir oo fusi. Polis fedde nde e polis emiraaji ɗii kawri, mbaɗtaa e les njiimaandi komisariyaajo polis, toɗɗaaɗo e laamu fedde ndee. Diiwanuuji Emiraaji ɗii ndenndinaama e nokkuuji 8 njuɓɓudi, heen gooto fof ina jogii ofisee diiwaan toɗɗaaɗo, gardiiɗo binndoowo guwerneer militeer. Laamu ngenndi lomtinaama e laamu nokkuyankeewu (LGA), tawi ɓuri heen heewde ko Diiso Emiraaji e Goomu kuuɓtodinngu. Diiso Emiraaji ina waɗi tergal 40 tawi ko amiir woni hooreejo mum. Fotde tataɓe ɗiɗi e terɗe diiso ngoo ko nulaaɓe diiwanuuji, cuɓaama e woote. Diiso ngoo fof ko guwerneer militeer en toɗɗii ɗum e fuɗɗoode.[8]: 341–351 Hay so tawii doole amiir oo ustaama to Kano, haa teeŋti noon e fannu ñaawoore, omo jogii haa hannde doole keewɗe to bannge LGA. O joginoo ko mbaawka toɗɗaade denndaangal ardiiɓe diiwanuuji ɗii, omo waawi kadi waɗde heen geɗe kuuɓtodinɗe e doosɗe leydi e nder denndaangal tolnooji. Bako hollitii geɗe mum tati politik jowitiiɗe e peeje : hisnude geɗe ɓurɗe moƴƴude e laamu emiraaji gaadanteeji to Kano, ɓamtude wonɓe e laamu nguu e ɓesngu nguu rewrude e wakilaagu ; e waɗde ko tiiɗi e haɗooɓe laamu nguu. Hay so tawii Aminu haalaani e yeeso yimɓe fof ɗeen peeje, o anndaaka no feewi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe peeje. Heewɓe e miijooji makko gadani ko fayti e ustude laamu emiraaji ina mbaawi yiyeede e njuɓɓudi kesiri Dowla Kano, miijooji makko e ittude leydi e doole ñaawoore e nder emiraaji ina nganndaa no feewi.[8]: 341–351 [4] Bako ina wayi no toɗɗiima komisariyaaji makko tuugiiɗi e Aminud6. === Laamu Muhammadu (1975—1976) e laamu Obasanjo (1976—1979) === Caggal nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele joofi, o heɓi golle Komiseriyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Cellal e hitaande 1971. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa laamu fuɗɗii e dow Gowon, tawi Gowon ina lomtoo leydi Nijeer e batu 12ɓo Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik to Kampala. Murtala Muhammadu anndinaama hooreejo leydi e juuɗe kuudetaa en ñalnde 30 sulyee 1975.[58]: 175–183 Muhammadu waraa e kuudetaa mo ronkaama hitaande caggal ɗuum, lomtii mo ko cukko makko, hono Olusegun Obasanjo:[5]. Ko adii maayde makko, Muhammadu sosi Goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi (CDC) halfinaaɗo ƴettude doosɗe leydi kese ngam heblude laamu siwil. E lewru ut 1976, Obasanjo habri sosde Asaambele doosɗe ngam ƴeewtaade eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndi CDC feewni. Wooteeji ngam suɓaade Asaambele ngenndi mbaɗaama, kanndidaaji ɗii cuɓaama e Komiseer Fiilngo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FEDECO) keso oo. Aminu suɓaama, o suɓaama e dow jam.[4] Asaambele oo waɗii batuuji hakkunde oktoobar 1977 e lewru suwee 1978. Eɓɓaande doosgal Asaambele ndee yettinaama e Diiso Toowngo Konu e lewru ut. Caggal nde SMC jaɓi waylooji 17 eɓɓaande ndee, doosgal kesal ngal hollitaama e lewru suwee 1978.[68] "Haɗeede politik" kadi ustaama e oon ñalawma gooto, Naajeeriyankooɓe cemmbinaama ngam sosde lanndaaji politik ngam heblude wooteeji hitaande aroore ndee.[69]: 16 === Ndenndaandi ɗiɗaɓiri (1979—1983) === Caggal nde Seneraal Muhammadu hollitii peeje mum ngam artirde laamu siwil e hitaande 1979, Aminu yettini jokkondiral mum ngam sosde fedde politik. O jokki kadi e jokkondiral e pelle janngooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala.[69]: 50 Aminu caggal mum naati e fedde politik wiyeteende Mouvement National nde wonnoo ko yimɓe mawɓe, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange. Fedde ndee ko lomto toŋngoode fedde yeewtere Kaduna sosaande caggal kuudetaa 1966 mo joofni Republique gadano oo. Fedde ndee waɗii batuuji sirlu e nder ooɗoo sahaa fof, haa arti noon e noddirde yimɓe politik mawɓe to bannge worgo leydi ndii ngam « sosde lannda ngenndiijo goonga ». Caggal nde haɗeede politik ustaa e lewru suwee 1978, lomto mum, hono lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN), sosaa.[30]: 206–207 [69]: 57–58 === Sosde PRP === Ñalnde heen ko adii udditgol NPN kono, Aminu yalti fedde nde ngam sosde, ina waɗa batu to Yaba, Lagos. NPN yaawi neldude Joseph Tarka e Inuwa Wada (koɗo mawniiko) ngam waawnude mo yo o hoot. Aminu jaɓi neldude wallidiiɓe joy to udditgol ngol nde o jokki e joɗnde makko, o meeɗaa hootde to NPN.[30]: 207 Sabaabuuji laaɓtuɗi gaddanɗi Aminu yaltude NPN ina keddii, kono ina woodi miijooji ceertuɗi ceertuɗi. E wiyde Shehu Shagari, tergal gadanal e nder NPN, caggal ɗuum kanndidaa gooto e lannda kaa, batu nguu, ko adii nde laamu nguu fuɗɗotoo, hollitii wonde won terɗe goomu toppitiingu nguu ina poti jogaade golle keertiiɗe e nder dumunna. Aminu ko mawɗo Adisa Akinloye suɓi ɗum ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe. Kono, o suɓiima ɗoon e ɗoon Tanko Yakasai, gonnooɗo tergal NEPU mo o miijii ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo moƴƴude e oon darnde nde tawnoo omo jogii humpito jowitiingo e ɗuum. NPN hollitii wonde miijo Akinloye ngoo addani Aminu woppude laamu nde tawnoo ina sikkaa ko « tooñde darnde makko ngenndiire ». Shagari siftinii ndee firo ko "deduction plausible kono ko feewti e majjere".[30]: 207 PRP caggal ɗuum wiyi wonde ndee firo ko fenaande sabu darnde ndee ina waawi rokkude Aminu "plateforme moƴƴo ngam mahngo natal".[69]: 58–59 Yiyngo ngoɗngo e haala kaa ummii ko e sehilaaɓe politik Aminu, haa teeŋti noon e Kano, ko wayi no Lawan Dambazau, Lili Gabari, Dauda Dangalan, e Sabo Bakin Zuwo. E wiyde maɓɓe, nde o anndi Aminu saliima hootde to NPN, Aminu Dantata yaawi yahde Kano, o noddi batu to galle makko e yimɓe heewɓe teeŋtuɓe, ina heen jom en njulaagu, politik, gollotooɓe laamu, e annduɓe ummoriiɓe Kano. Faandaare ndeeɗoo hawriinde ko yiylaade laabi ngam waawde waawnude Aminu ngam nanondirde e NPN. Tawtoraaɓe heewɓe mbaɗti yeewtidde e haala kaa, e wiyde mo yo o hawru e lannda kaa. Dr. Ibrahim Datti Ahmed, gonnooɗo hooreejo-General Diisnondiral toowngal ngam Sharia e nder leydi Nijeer, o rokkaama fartaŋŋe haalde, e wiyde Dambazau, "o ñaawii Mallam Aminu no gaño worgo; gaño juɓɓule aadaaji; gaño mo, theNP ɓe mbaawaano". Dambazau teskiima hay gooto daranaaki Aminu, etaade haɗde Datti e nder haala mum. Caggal haala Datti, Aminu fawi hoore mum, batu nguu jippii e jiiɓru, ɗum addani ngu jokkude haa janngo mum.[41]: 59–60 Aminu rafi ko adii batu garoowo, o woni e leeso balɗe. E nder rafi makko, wallidiiɓe Aminu ummoriiɓe nokkuuji ceertuɗi e nder leydi ndii, ina jeyaa heen Balarabe Muusa (mo Kaduna), A.D Yahya, Ananobi (mo Port Harcourt), B.K. Benson (ummo Lagos), e Dandatti Abdulkadir, Dahiru Liman, e Dambazau (kamɓe fof ummiiɓe Kano), kawri to Kano ngam yeewtidde e makko e geɗe garooje ɗe o jogori rewde.[41]: 60–62 Waɗooɓe Aminu yuɓɓinii batu mawngu, caggal ɗuum ɓe inniri ɗum Taron Rami, firti ko "batu diƴƴe". Tawaaɓe e ndeeɗoo batu ciftinii wonde Aminu ina tooña, ina hormaa NPN e terɗe mum, ɗum addani mo ƴettude kuulal ngam sosde lannda mum politik. Wowooɓe e hiirde nde ko Dambazau, Usmaan Nagado, e Abuubakar Rimi. Hay so tawii o rafii e leeso, Aminu neldi nulaaɓe e nder ngenndi ndii ngam jokkondirde e wallidiiɓe makko e wondiiɓe makko ngam yeewtidde e golle garooje ɗee. Caggal jaabawuuli moƴƴi, o sosi goomu ngam lelnude golle lannda kaa. Lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP) udditaa to Kaduna ñalnde 21 oktoobar 1978, tawi ina noddira senndikaaji radikal en, artisaneeɓe, remooɓe, jannginooɓe yahruɓe yeeso, jaayndiyankooɓe, winndooɓe, e wonnooɓe terɗe NEPU e nder renndo mum. Terɗe lannda ka arandeeji tedduɗi ina mbaɗi yimɓe mawɓe e nder leydi ndii kala, ko wayi no Sam Ikoku, Abubakar Rimi, Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Yusufu Bala Usman, Umaru Musa Yar’Adua, Sule Lamido, Ghali Umar Na’Abba, Sabo Bakin Zuke, Michael Im Udditgol ngol e lewru Oktoobar ina wiyee addani "yimɓe heewɓe ɓe ngoongɗinaaka e nder kala fannu nguurndam."[41]: 62–65 [69]: 56–58 === 1979 suɓol leydi Najeriya === Winndannde mawnde: Suɓngo hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1979 Wooteeji mbaɗaama hakkunde 7 lewru juko e 11 lewru bowte hitaande 1979. Ko lanndaaji joy tan mbaawi tawtoreede ɗeen wooteeji, so wonaa NPN e PRP, tati keddiiɗi ɗii ko Awolowo ardii lannda ngootaagu leydi Najeriya (UPN), Azikiwe ardii lannda yimɓe leydi Najeriya (NPP), e lannda leñol Nijeer (NPP), e lannda leñol Najeriya mawɗo ( Wahirid People's Party). NPC ko politik. Suɓol ngol woni arandewol ngol waɗaama nder duuɓi 15, ngol woni arandewol nder Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya ngol rewɓe ɗon mari haaje tawtoreede. Aminu suɓaama ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP, kono FEDECO salii mo yamiroore ngam tawtoreede woote sabu ŋakkeende to bannge njoɓdi, o ɗaɓɓiraa ko yo o rokku « hujjaaji ɓurɗi laaɓtude ». Aminu salii yoɓde kala ko yowitii e njoɓdi ndi wonaa njoɓdi ndi ɓe ndokki Naajeeriya fof tawa ko e njoɓdi. O laɓɓinaama haa jooni ɓaawo bayyinaango ñaawirdu yalti ngam wallitde Aminu wiyde o waasaani yoɓde njoɓdi.[70][71] Ina ɓeydoo laaɓtude wonde NPN ina « jogori heɓde laamu » nde wooteeji ɗii njahrata yeeso. Caggal nde lannda kaa heɓi nafoore mawnde e wooteeji Asaambele ngenndi, lanndaaji tawtoraaɗi ɗii puɗɗii eɓɓude e sosde nanondiral. Ñalnde 28 sulyee, lanndaaji tati e nder lanndaaji joy ɗii — woni UPN, NPP, e GNPP — kawri to Lagos ngam waɗde fedde ngam haɓaade NPN. PRP noddaama ngam naatde e ndee fedde kono jaabaaki.[72] Ko nanndi e ɗuum, ko NPN ƴetti e PRP rewrude e Shehu Shagari, kanndidaa NPN ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi. E nder deftere makko, o wiyi o waɗii ndee eɓɓaande ko nde Aminu woni e etaade heɓde FEDECO ngam laaɓtinde mo. O etinooma faamnude Aminu yo yaltu e woote gardagol leydi « nde tawnoo enen ɗiɗo fof eɗen nganndi fartaŋŋe makko ina ŋakki ». E nder ɗuum, PRP ina waawi ɓurde tiiɗnaade e wooteeji goɗɗi ɗii, e « tawtoreede laamu fedde NPN ». E wiyde Shagari, Aminu jaɓii kono ko e sarɗiiji ɗiɗi : maa o yeewtid e terɗe lannda makko, o ɗaɓɓa yamiroore, kadi o luulnda kuulal ngal FEDECO ƴetti e ñaawirdu ngam « daranaade innde makko moƴƴere ». Aminu laɓɓinaama ñalnde 1 ut 1979, waktuuji seeɗa ko adii lajal toɗɗagol hooreejo leydi. O ummiima Kano o fayti Lagos ñalnde heen ngam waɗde kaayitaaji makko to FEDECO. Ɗum addani Shagari wiyde wonde PRP jaɓaani nanondiral maɓɓe ngal.[30]: 225 [73][74]: 90 Woote hooreleydaagu baɗnooɗe ñalnde 11 ut, Aminu heɓi tan ko e nder diiwaan mum Kano, ɗo o dañi 76% e wooteeji ɗii. E nder leydi ndii fof, o dañii 1 732 113 woote, ko ina tolnoo e 10% e wooteeji ɗi o heɓi ɗii fof.[69]: 187 PRP ƴettii woote ɗee no hare e nder Kano nii, o waɗii kampaañ propagande yaajɗo ngam ɓamtude ndeeɗoo daartol, addani lannda oo heɓde nafoore mawnde e nder leydi ndii dowla.[69]: 110 [74][75]: 83 Yanti heen, PRP heɓi nafooje e wooteeji ɗiɗi guwerneeruuji : Abubakar Rimi to Kano (e 79% e wooteeji) e Balarabe Musa to Kaduna (e 45% e wooteeji). E wiyde Shagari, Aminu ko kampaañ baawɗo golle, tee "ina teskii yimɓe no feewi, ina yurminii ɓe no feewi" kono o waawaano ɓurde nafoore e nder leydi ndii fof sabu "PRP makko ina ŋakki njuɓɓudi mawndi e kaɓirɗe potɗe huutoreede ngam kampaañ moƴƴo e nder leydi ndii kala".[30]: 223 Ñalnde 16 lewru nduu, FEDECO yaltini njeñtudi woote gardagol leydi ndii. Shagari hollitaama ko kañum heɓi 5 688 857 woote e nder leydi ndii kala.[69]: 139 === Jaabawuuli === Anndinoore FEDECO ndee ina waɗi luural, sibu Azikiwe, lomtii lanndaaji nay ɗi keɓaani nafoore, salii "e nder mum fof, tawa alaa ko heddii heen, bayyinaango Alhaji Shehu Shagari wonde hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo".[69]: 145 [76] Ñaawirde Supree e Awolo app eeraango.[69]: 148 Caggal nde Shagari bayyinaa wonde hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo, kawral hakkunde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii, tawi jooni ina jeyaa heen PRP, tiiɗtii, ɗum addani NPN laamɗo oo yiylaade kawral mum. Ɓe ɓami lanndaaji nay keddiiɗi ɗii ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal, ko PRP adii jaɓde, e wiyde Shagari. Kono ko NPP Azikiwe joofni e ‘nanondiral’ e lannda laamu nguu. Sarɗiiji nanondiral ngal, ko wakili’en lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii njoofni ñalnde 22 ut, balɗe ɗiɗi caggal nde Azikiwe haali konngol mum ngam salaade bayyinaango Shagari. Batuuji jowitiiɗi e sarɗiiji nanondiral ngal puɗɗii ko ñalnde 20 ut, ñalngu nguu konngol ngol waɗi. E wiyde daartoowo biyeteeɗo Oyeleye Oyediran, gooto e nanondiral baɗngal e nder batuuji ɗii ko feewti e Aminu, holliri wonde "peeje keertiiɗe ina poti waɗeede ngam Alhaji Aminu Kano, hooreejo PRP, ko lannda makko ngam naatde e fedde nde."[69]: 156–158 Ko ɓuri hitaande e nder laamu Shagari, nanondiral NPN-NPP ngal yanii hay so tawii lannda laamu nguu rokkii terɗe NPP geɗe ardorde teeŋtuɗe. Nanondiral ngal joofi ko ñalnde 6 sulyee 1981, caggal nanondiral hakkunde lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii.[77] === PRP feccii === Won e lebbi e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓo, guwerneeruuji 9 ummoriiɗi e UPN, GNPP, e PRP mbaɗii batuuji lewru kala ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte e ɓe ndarni wullitaango maɓɓe e laamu Shagari. Ɓeen guwerneeruuji njiytiraa ko no luulndo politik ɓurngo mawnude e lannda laamu nguu. Ɗum addani PRP jiiɓru nde tawnoo ardiiɓe lannda ka ɓurɓe waawde – hooreejo mum Aminu e Sekereteer mum ngenndiijo, S.G. Ikoku – teeŋtinii gollondiral e NPN, won heen terɗe ɓurɗe radikal, ina heen guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii, Abubakar Rimi e Balarabe Musa, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe terɗe niver the Goun N luulndii kala sifaa gollondiral.[77] Feddeeji ɗiɗi mbaɗi e nder lannda kaa. Fedde 'radical' ndee ko ɓuri heewde ko "ina tiiɗi e waylo-waylo radikal e doosɗe sosiyaalist en." Ɓe njoginoo ko yiɗde "jokkondiral udditiingal hakkunde doole kisal". Ina waɗi heen yoga e terɗe sosɗe lannda kaa, ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji mayru, annduɓe mayri teeŋtuɓe, e guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii. Nde wonnoo fedde woɗnde ndee ko terɗe lannda ɓurɗe teskin’de e miijooji ceertuɗi. Ɓe cemmbini ‘neɗɗaagu demokaraasi’ ɓurngu yooɗde e Aminu Kano, ɓe njogii ko miijo wonde haɓde e laamu Shagari “ina foti rokkude, ko famɗi fof, e oo sahaa, ko foti wonde darnde ngootaagu ngenndi e gollondiral hakkunde lanndaaji.” Ndee fedde ina waɗi leftist en mawɓe—hono Ikoku—njulaagu, annduɓe, e terɗe lannda goɗɗe lolluɗe e Aminu.[77][78]: 143 Fedde radikal ndee wiyetee ko Santsi (‘slippery’ e ɗemngal Hausa) caggal nde Aminu wiyi ɓe ngoni ko e ŋoral ŋoral. Rimi jaabii ndeen wonde ‘won e ardiiɓe lanndaaji’ ‘ina njuɓɓina e nder loope’, ko ɗum waɗi fedde daraniiɓe Aminu ndee ina wiyee Taɓo (‘loope’ e ɗemngal Hausa).[41]: 432 [79] E nder ndunngu 1980, nde Aminu woni caggal leydi ngam safrude, ardorde PRP haɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii tawtoreede batuuji guwerneeruuji jeenay ɗii. Nde o arti, o waawaano jokkondirde hakkunde pelle ɗiɗi ɗee, o jokkondiri e fedde Taɓo, o jaɓi heen golle sosngo lannda. Nde guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo ɗii ndartini tawtoreede batuuji ɗii hay so tawii ko yamiroore nde, ɓe ndiiwaa e lannda kaa. E nder jaabawol, fedde Santsi, wiynde ko PRP goonga, noddi batu lannda e lewru desaambar 1980, ɗo ɓe ndiiwi Aminu e Ikoku, ɓe lomtini ɗum en mawɗo Michael Imodu e Abubakar Rimi. Kono, hay so tawii noon ko heewi e depiteeji PRP ina ngondi e fedde Santsi, FEDECO jaɓii Aminu wonde hooreejo PRP laawɗuɗo.[77][80]: 13 Feddeeji ɗiɗi mbaɗi e nder lannda kaa. Fedde 'radical' ndee ko ɓuri heewde ko "ina tiiɗi e waylo-waylo radikal e doosɗe sosiyaalist en." Ɓe njoginoo ko yiɗde "jokkondiral udditiingal hakkunde doole kisal". Ina waɗi heen yoga e terɗe sosɗe lannda kaa, ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji mayru, annduɓe mayri teeŋtuɓe, e guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii. Nde wonnoo fedde woɗnde ndee ko terɗe lannda ɓurɗe teskin’de e miijooji ceertuɗi. Ɓe cemmbini ‘neɗɗaagu demokaraasi’ ɓurngu yooɗde e Aminu Kano, ɓe njogii ko miijo wonde haɓde e laamu Shagari “ina foti rokkude, ko famɗi fof, e oo sahaa, ko foti wonde darnde ngootaagu ngenndi e gollondiral hakkunde lanndaaji.” Ndee fedde ina waɗi leftist en mawɓe—hono Ikoku—njulaagu, annduɓe, e terɗe lannda goɗɗe lolluɗe e Aminu.[77][78]: 143 Fedde radikal ndee wiyetee ko Santsi (‘slippery’ e ɗemngal Hausa) caggal nde Aminu wiyi ɓe ngoni ko e ŋoral ŋoral. Rimi jaabii ndeen wonde ‘won e ardiiɓe lanndaaji’ ‘ina njuɓɓina e nder loope’, ko ɗum waɗi fedde daraniiɓe Aminu ndee ina wiyee Taɓo (‘loope’ e ɗemngal Hausa).[41]: 432 [79] E nder ndunngu 1980, nde Aminu woni caggal leydi ngam safrude, ardorde PRP haɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii tawtoreede batuuji guwerneeruuji jeenay ɗii. Nde o arti, o waawaano jokkondirde hakkunde pelle ɗiɗi ɗee, o jokkondiri e fedde Taɓo, o jaɓi heen golle sosngo lannda. Nde guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo ɗii ndartini tawtoreede batuuji ɗii hay so tawii ko yamiroore nde, ɓe ndiiwaa e lannda kaa. E nder jaabawol, fedde Santsi, wiynde ko PRP goonga, noddi batu lannda e lewru desaambar 1980, ɗo ɓe ndiiwi Aminu e Ikoku, ɓe lomtini ɗum en mawɗo Michael Imodu e Abubakar Rimi. Kono, hay so tawii noon ko heewi e depiteeji PRP ina ngondi e fedde Santsi, FEDECO jaɓii Aminu wonde hooreejo PRP laawɗuɗo.[77][80]: 13 === 1981 Kano fitina === Ñalnde 7 sulyee 1981, guwerneer Rimi yaltini ɓataake feewde e Emir Kano, hono Ado Bayero, ina tuuma ɗum wonde o anniyaaki hormaade laamu diiwaan Kano. Ɓataake oo ina ɗaɓɓi jaabawol e nder waktuuji 48 ngam hollirde hol ko waɗi kuule diisnondiral fotaani ƴetteede. Ɓataake oo siforaama e jaaynde wiyeteende West Africa wonde « ɓuri waasde hormaade... ina fotnoo wasiyaade binndoowo, kono... ina fotnoo haaldude e hooreejo aadaaji e diine [teddinaaɗo] ». Diineeji e hakkillaaji goɗɗi cemmbinɗi kadi ñiŋii ɓataake oo, kam e kaalirde fedde Taɓo. NPN huutoriima ngonka kaa ko yaawi, e wiyde "yimɓe moƴƴuɓe" yo "rewru e juɓɓule mum en gaadanteeje".[77] Fitinaaji puɗɗii ñalnde 10 sulyee 1981, to Kano, tawi ko cuuɗi laamu keewɗi wuli, ina jeyaa heen Sekretariyaa laamu leydi ndii, Rajo Kano, e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Joɗnde fedde Santsi e hoɗorɗe mawɓe e laamu Rimi kadi ko ko njiylotonoo. Doktoor Bala Mohammed Bauchi, mawɗo jaagorgal Rimi to bannge politik, kadi ko kañum woni ganndo mawɗo e nder lannda ka, maayi e nder yiite ngee. Jaaynde Afrik worgo limtii bonnugol fitinaaji ɗii fof ko ₦100 miliyoŋ e nder tonngoode mum 20 sulyee 1981. Ardiiɓe fedde Santsi tuumi NPN e Aminu ko kamɓe njuɓɓini fitinaaji ɗii ngam "reende doole maɓɓe politik".[77] === Caggal mum === Warngo Doktoor Bala Mohammed ɓeydii luggiɗde e feccere e nder PRP. Ko adii hitaande nde, Balarabe Musa, guwerneer PRP mo Kaduna, ƴaɓɓii laamu e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi NPN ɓuri heewde. E hitaande 1982, o yaltini deftere wiyeteende « Hare ngam waylude renndo e faggudu » , o tuumi heen Aminu wonde ko kañum yuɓɓini warngooji baɗnooɗi e hitaande 1981 ɗii. Musa ɓeydi heen wonde hay so tawii "denndaangal haalaaji makko, taali makko, geɗe makko, e peeje makko, Mallam Aminu Kano waawaano heɓde laamu men e ko ɓuri heewde e lannda kaa ngam janfaade Porogaraam men mawɗo oo."[81]: 162 Caggal nde terɗe keewɗe jogiiɗe doole e nder PRP riiwaa, fedde Santsi ndee feccii, sabu geɗe bayɗe no wooteeji, kiris nguurndam, e luural peeñngal. Abubakar Rimi naati e NPP Azikiwe, Balarabe Muusa etinooma jokkondirde e Aminu.[82] Musa hollitii e yeewtere 2012 wonde rafi Aminu e nder ooɗoo sahaa addi mo « ko ɓuri heewde e ko o anndaa ko woni e sara makko », ko ɗum « won e yimɓe bonɓe wonɓe e sara makko ». Muusaa siftini kadi anniya Aminu ngam yuɓɓinde batu nanondiral e galle mum, kono cellal makko bonngal haɗi ɗum, ɗum addani mo maayde haa jooni.[83] E nder heblo woote hooreleydaagu 1983, Aminu suɓii Bola Ogunbo ngam won'de hooreejo leydi ndii, ko ngol woni go'o ko debbo ina jogori jogaade darnde e nder leydi ndii.[84] Kono o sankii ko ñalnde 17 abriil 1983, lebbi keewɗi ko adii woote ɗee.[85] == Wade == Caggal nde o dañi rafi mboros bonɗo sabu rafi mboros cerebral, Aminu Kano sankii ñalnde 17 abriil 1983 to galle makko to [[Kano]]. O wirnaa ko ñalnde heen e nder galle makko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aminu Kano {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries|url=https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/people/historicalpeople/aminu-kano|access-date=2024-04-11|website=zodml.org}}</ref> Gila hitaande 2001, hitaande kala, ñalngu mawningol maayde makko ina waɗee e nder galle [[Mambayya]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dori|first=Gambo|date=20 April 2018|title=Musings from Aminu Kano's 35th anniversary for the 17th yr on 17th April|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/musings-from-aminu-kanos-35th-anniversary-for-the-17th-yr-on-17th-april/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Njawdi == Naajeeriya waawataa wonde noon kadi sabu Aminu Kano ina hoɗi ɗoo. — [[Chinua Achebe]], Natal [[Afrik]] / Caɗeele e [[Naajeeriya]] Batte Aminu ina njokki e ƴellitaade e nder politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ko juuti caggal maayde makko. Heewɓe e almuɓɓe makko gila e balɗe makko e nder PRP njahi haa ɓe ngonti yimɓe mawɓe e nder politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], haa teeŋti noon e jamaanu Republique nayaɓere (1999—hannde). Teskaama e nder ɓeeɗoo politikaaji ko [[Sule Lamiɗo|Sule Lamido]], gonnooɗo guwerneer Jigawa tuggi 2007 haa 2015, e teddungal Aminu, mahii ''Triangle'' Mallam Aminu Kano to [[Dutse]];<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gaya|first=Suleiman Uba|date=8 March 2015|title=Sule Lamido and the Jigawa Narrative|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/03/sule-lamido-and-the-jigawa-narrative/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]]; joginooɗo jappeere hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii tuggi3990. e ɓurɗo teeŋtude, [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]], gardinooɗo leydi Nijeer gila 2007 haa o maayi ñalnde 5 [[lewru]] mbooy hitaande 2010.<ref name=":317">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adekaiyaoja|first=Afolabi|date=2022-07-07|title=Rabiu Kwankwaso and the Legacy of Aminu Kano|url=https://republic.com.ng/june-july-2022/kwankwaso-kano/|access-date=2024-04-25|website=The Republic|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ina gasa tawa maande ɓurnde tiiɗde e batte Aminu jokkuɗe e politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ina yiyee e nder diiwaan makko [[Kano]]. Politiyankooɓe yiɗɓe ballal ''talakawa'' ina keewi wiyde ko kamɓe ngoni ‘lomtiiɓe Aminu Kano’, tawi ko gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan [[Kano]] e ƴamoowo hooreejo leydi [[Rabiu Kwankwaso]] woni yeru maantinɗo.<ref name=":316">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":352">{{Cite web|last=Tilde|first=Dr Aliyu U.|date=2012-06-15|title=Interview (4): Kwankwaso|url=https://aliyuutilde.wordpress.com/2012/06/15/interview-4-kwankwaso/|access-date=2024-04-25|website=Discourse With Dr. Tilde|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Kwankwasiyya May 29 2011.jpeg|thumb|Natal ngal ƴettaa ko to [[Kano]] e sahaa nde Kwankwaso toɗɗaa e gardagol guwerneer Kano e hitaande 2011, ngalɗoo natal ina hollita almuɓɓe makko, anndiraaɓe [[Kwankwasiyya]]. Ɓe mbeltiniri cappanɗe boɗeeje, limce daneeje, e paɗe ɓaleeje, ɗe njibinaama e mbaydi siyno Aminu, ndi Kwankwaso ƴetti caggal mum.<ref name=":35">{{Cite web|last=Tilde|first=Dr Aliyu U.|date=2012-06-15|title=Interview (4): Kwankwaso|url=https://aliyuutilde.wordpress.com/2012/06/15/interview-4-kwankwaso/|access-date=2024-04-25|website=Discourse With Dr. Tilde|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Abuh|first=Adamu|date=3 November 2015|title='Our Kwankwasiya ideology improved the lot of Kano indigenes'|url=https://guardian.ng/features/our-kwankwasiya-ideology-improved-the-lot-of-kano-indigenes/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref>]] === Sinemaaji e pijirlooji Hausa === Ƴeew kadi: Sinema ɗemngal Hausa Nde o woni suka, Aminu ina heewi waɗde pijirlooji ɗi o huutortoo ngam waɗde "wullitaango makko, ñiŋooje makko, e yiɗdeeji makko e mbaadi pijirlooji". E nder ɗeen pijirlooji, o heewnoo ko reende darnde ardiinde ndee e hoore makko, o rokka geɗe goɗɗe ɗee wondiiɓe makko pijirlooji ɗii.<ref name=":126">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 43–44 Caggal ɗuum, nde o woni almuudo to duɗal hakkundeewal [[Kano]], o woni gadano winndude golle pijirlooji e ɗemngal Hausa.<ref name=":26">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>:228<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gar|first=Yusuf Baba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFjfEAAAQBAJ|title=Capturing Culture: Traditional Theater in Contemporary Hausa Video Films|date=2024-01-18|publisher=LIT Verlag|isbn=978-3-643-96410-6|pages=81|language=en}}</ref> Which heduna the 92 sosi Fedde Dramatique, o winndi heen pijirlooji keewɗi ɗi o: ...ƴami huuwugo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nden ɓe ɗon ƴama system emiraaji haa woyla lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E nder pijirlooji ɗii, ''Kai wane ne a kasuwar'' [[Kano]] ''da ba za a cuce ka ba''? (‘Ko mbaaw-ɗaa wonde fof, aɗa foolee e luumo [[Kano]]’) o hollitii huutoraade yimɓe leydi e juuɗe njulaagu ɓe ngalaa ɓerɗe, e nder ''Karya Fure take ba ta ‘ya’ya'' (‘Fenaande ina ɓuuɓna kono alaa ko heɓata’) o umminii caɗeele njoɓdi ɓurtundi ndi yimɓe teeru [[Hausa language|Hausa]] en njoɓata. E nder duuɓi 1939—1941 Aminu Kano winndi ko ina tolnoo e pijirlooji juutɗi capanɗe ɗiɗi ngam huutoraade duɗe ɗe o jaɓaani yoga e aadaaji nokkuuji ɓooyɗi kam e golle laamu ngenndi e nder njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi koloñaal ndi wonaa to bannge njuɓɓudi.<ref name=":1411">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>:276 <ref name=":25">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>228 <ref name=":34">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref>: E hitaande 1940, e nder batu kuuɓtodinngu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaande kala fedde sukaaɓe mawɓe [[Kaduna]] (hannde Fedde sukaaɓe mawɓe Barewa), batu ɗo almudɓe duɗal ngal « kawri e yeewtere welnde hakkunde mum en », Aminu, e oon sahaa ko almuudo haa jooni, yuɓɓini pijirlooji mum ''Kai wane ne a kasuwar'' Kanotendees to KOBA. E wiyde [[Abubakar Imam]], jeyaaɗo e tawtoraaɓe ɓee, ‘yiylotooɓe’ ɓee njiyri pijirlooji ɗii ko no « politik nii, baawɗi bonnude ko ɓuri moƴƴude e deeƴre diiwaan oo, haa teeŋti noon e hare winndereere » . Ɗum addani ardiiɓe duɗal ngal salaade jaɓɓaade kala batuuji garooji e jokkondirde e KOBA.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book|last=Imam|first=Abubakar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yawsAAAAIAAJ|title=The Abubakar Imam Memoirs|date=1989|publisher=NNPC|isbn=978-978-169-308-3|language=en}}</ref>: 162 Aminu heɓi heen miijo mum ko e winndooɓe mawɓe hono Sekseer,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Clark|first=Trevor|url=http://archive.org/details/wasitonlyyesterd0000unse|title=Was it only yesterday? : the last generation of Nigeria's "Turawa"|publisher=Bristol : BECM Press|others=Internet Archive|year=2002|isbn=978-0-9530174-7-8}}</ref>: 284 Rousseau, Voltaire, e Tom Paine, e etaade waylude golle mum en ngam heɗtiiɓe Hausa en.<ref name=":33">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref> O heewi wonde ko binndoowo pijirlooji, fijoowo, e gardotooɗo e nder pijirlooji makko, sahaa e sahaa fof omo wayla binndanɗe e pijirlooji walla omo huutoroo geɗe asliije tiiɗɗe. Kanko e gollodiiɓe makko ɓe mbaɗii dingiral, ɓe noddi yimɓe ɓee ngam seedaade kollirɗe maɓɓe, heewɓe heen ko e kewuuji hono Sallah. Ɗee golle keɓii weltaare, sahaa e sahaa fof ina ngadda heen hay amiir e ardiiɓe diiwanuuji. Aminu waɗii miijooji renndo e ñiŋooje rewrude e ɗeen pijirlooji e kollirɗe. Pijirlooji gooti teskiniiɗi, ɗi puɗɗii innireede Kar Ka Bata Hajin Naka (‘Wota bonnu hajjuuji maa’), caggal ɗuum ɗi inniri Alhaji Ka Iya Kwanga (‘Alhaji, aɗa anndi no njiyru-ɗaa Conga’), jeertinii Naajeeriyankooɓe e waasde nanngeede e njiimaandi ɓurndi toowde e laabi Hirnaange, teeŋtinirɗi. E nder ɗuum, o wiyi yo waylo waylo rewrude e jaŋde e nder aadaaji maɓɓe.<ref name=":125">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 55 Hay so tawii o neldii pijirlooji makko keewɗi to [[Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo]], jaaynde laamu nde ɗemngal Hausa, hay heen gootal jaɓaaka.<ref name=":1410">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 277 <ref name=":32">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref> E wiyde [[Abdalla Uba Adamu]], ‘''Establishment'' aadaaji ɗii fof ina tiiɗi no feewi ngam jaɓde ƴeewndo binndol keeriiɗo e maɓɓe,9. Pijirlooji Aminu Kano ina njogii batte e nder sinemaaji [[Hausa language|Hausa]], pijirlooji makko keewɗi mbaɗtaa e filmuuji.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCain|first=Carmen|date=2013|title=Nollywood and Its Others: Questioning English Language Hegemony in Nollywood Studies|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/538429|journal=The Global South|volume=7|issue=1|pages=30–54|doi=10.2979/globalsouth.7.1.30|s2cid=144044295|issn=1932-8656|url-access=subscription}}</ref> O ɓuri teeŋtude ko e [[Maitama Sule]], gooto e ƴettuɓe sinemaa [[Hausa language|Hausa]] ko adii. Sule siftinii yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]] caggal nde Aminu heɓi bak mum, o siftini wonde fotde pijirlooji ɗi o waɗi ɗii fof ko Aminu winndi ɗi.<ref name=":124">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 56–57 O ɓeydi heen wonde o siftorii sahaa gooto ɗo: ...almuɓɓe ndarni haa nokkuure laanawol lesdi ngam salmingo Aminu nde ɓe nani o ɗon yaha diga [[Kano]] haa [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]], o ɗon jooɗa wakkati seɗɗa haa [[Kaduna]]. Lonngere ndee leeltinii waktuuji keewɗi, kamɓe fof ɓe ndartiima e ladde ngam waɗde pijirlooji makko ɗi ɓe ngollotonoo ɗii. Aminu, nde o ari, o naati e fedde nde...<ref name=":123">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 57 Sule waɗii darnde mawnde e sosde gooto e sosiyeteeji peewnugol filmuuji gadani e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], hono [[Maitama Sule]] ''Drama Group''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref> Ɗemɗe makko renndo e politik ina keewi feeñde e filmuuji [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], haa teeŋti e ɗi ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCain|first=Carmen|date=2013|title=Nollywood and Its Others: Questioning English Language Hegemony in Nollywood Studies|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/538429|journal=The Global South|volume=7|issue=1|pages=30–54|doi=10.2979/globalsouth.7.1.30|issn=1932-8656|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Miijooji peewnitgol === Aminu Kano naati e Dental ''Progressive Elements Nord'' ngam wonde fedde politik ngam haɓaade ko o miijii ko golle otokaraasi e fedde laamu ''Native Northern''. O feewni njiimaandi makko e elite laamu nguu haa arti noon e amiir en, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko [[Fulɓe]]. Doole plateau makko semmbinaama heen seeɗa sabu ''background'' makko. Baaba makko ko Alkali golloowo to [[Kano]] ummoriiɗo e leñol diineeji lislaam, Aminu Kano kadi addi miijooji lislaam ko fayti e potal e nder laabi kampaañ mum e nder republique gadano. ''Talakawas'' (commons) ɗuuɗɓe haa [[Kano]] ndarni ɓaawo nulal maako nden darnde maako nder siyaasa mawni diga ballal yimɓe [[Kano]] e soodooɓe pamari egguɓe haa woyla.<ref>M. G. Smith; Government in Kano, 1350-1950, Westview Press, 1997. p 492-493.</ref> Heewɓe e njulaagu nguu caggal ɗuum njooɗiima e birooji NEPU. O yiɗi kadi huutoraade politik ngam sosde renndo fotngo e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]. Miijo makko mawngo ngoɗngo e nder fuɗɗoode republique gadano oo, ko ruppitde lanndaaji tuugiiɗi e leƴƴi. Miijo ngoo jaɓɓaama no feewi e ballal makko ummoriingal e njulaagu tokoosi e gollooɓe e nder gure saraaji laawol laana njoorndi. Worɓe e rewɓe ɓuri heewde ko yimɓe eggooɓe yiylotooɓe fartaŋŋeeji njulaagu, tee ina njogii nanondiral leƴƴi seeɗa e renndooji jaɓɓotooɗi ɗum en ɗii. O holliti kadi njuɓɓudi fiscal ndi ina yiɗi yoɓde alɗuɓe e nder diiwaan hee, tee ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ardiiɓe politikaaji leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ballitooji potal hakkeeji rewɓe. Mallam Aminu Kano ko siyaasyanke teddinaaɗo no feewi e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]. O maantinii demokaraasi, doole rewɓe e ndimaagu haala. Aeroport, kolees e kadi mbedda mawɗo kadi ina inniree mo to [[Kano]]. Galle makko ɗo o hoɗi e ɗo o maayi e ɗo o wirnaa, wayliima wonti nokku wiɗto e heblo demokaraasi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero [[Kano]] === Doole rewɓe === Kuutoragol Aminu luggiɗngol e yumma mum e caɗeele renndo ɗe o fotnoo dañde, addani mo waɗde doole rewɓe e nder nguurndam makko.<ref name=":173">{{Cite journal|editor-last=Wakili|editor-first=Haruna|title=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.academia.edu/38919731|journal=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|date=January 2019|publisher=Mambayya House, Centre for Democratic Studies, Bayero University|publication-place=[[Kano, Nigeria]]}}</ref>: 53 O reentii e jogaade rewɓe heewɓe, o wiyi wonde Qur'aana ina jaɓi juulɗo resde haa rewɓe nayo hay so tawii ko impsuret tan wadugo. O firti ɗum ko Qur’aana jaɓaani dewgal keewngal. Goongɗinɗo no feewi jaŋde ko feere ngam rimɗinde rewɓe, o wallitorii duɗal rewɓe ngal hawri e galle makko gila 1952 haa o sankii e hitaande 1983, o rokki heen janngirɗe e golle juuɗe, e sewnde, e Hausa, e binndol e ɗemngal Engele. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi ɗi o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, o winndi denndaangal binndanɗe makko teskinɗe e "Caɗeele jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe e nder [[Kano]]".<ref name=":149">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 290–291 <ref name=":121">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 102 <ref name=":122">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref> E nder nguurndam makko politik, Aminu ina jokki e haɓaade ittugol rewɓe e nguurndam renndo e geɗe politik laaɓtuɗe. O ƴetti miijooji lislaam ɗii « ndimaagu », « jihaadi » e « nuunɗal » ngam wallitde doole rewɓe, o waɗti ɗum e ngoƴa mawɗo e nder lannda makko politik. E bannge ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Isa Wali, o daraniima ndeeɗoo feere e kitaale 1950 e 1960, darnde nde heewaani yiyeede e oon sahaa. E nder kitaale 1970 e 1980, e gartugol demokaraasi e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], lannda ''People’s Redemption Party'' (PRP), e gardagol makko, ummii ko e lannda politik tan e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], jogorɗo haɓaade ndee ɗoo haala, Aminu wonti jokkondiral tiiɗngal e daranaade hakkeeji rewɓe ko ɓuri kala politikyanke leydi ndii. O hollitii wonde Qur'aana ina rokka juulɓe hakke "jogaade haala laaɓtuka e geɗe dowla walla wakiliijo mo o suɓii".<ref name=":163">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref>: 153 <ref name=":164">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/womenstatedevelo0000unse|title=Women, the state, and development|date=1989|publisher=Albany : State University of New York Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7914-0064-7|editor-last=M. Charlton|editor-first=Sue Ellen|pages=108|editor-last2=Everett|editor-first2=Jana|editor-last3=Staudt|editor-first3=Kathleen}}</ref> So tawiino o tawtoraama wooteeji hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1983, ko kanko woni debbo Bola Ogunbo, ko ngol woni go’o ko debbo [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ina suɓee e jappeere laamu toownde. O wiyi yo rewɓe ɓeydu naatde e geɗe renndo, o waɗta eɓɓooji jaŋde mawɗi wonande rewɓe rewrude e lannda makko PRP, o toɗɗii rewɓe heewɓe e golle renndo. E nder lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi o ardii ɗii, hono Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (NEPU) tuggi 1953 haa 1966 e PRP tuggi 1978 haa 1983, rewɓe ina cemmbinaa e politik. Kono, nde tawnoo ɗeen lanndaaji ina cosi baɗe rewɓe, ina kaɓa e geɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde e hakkeeji woote, ina keewi ustude terɗe rewɓe ngam haɓaade geɗe ɓurɗe yaajde e dow ndimaagu mum en. Baagal rewɓe, hay so ina woodi, ardaani waylooji moƴƴi walla mbayliigu wonande rewɓe.<ref name=":162">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref>: 157 === Duɗe lislaamiyya === E nder kitaale 1950, e ƴettude ƴoƴre e duɗe lislaam to [[Sudan|Sudaan]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tankarkar|first=Maijama'a Sule|date=18 May 2012|title=Remembering Mallam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/5163-remembering_mallam_aminu_kano.html|access-date=2024-01-11|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> binndanɗe [[Abdullahi Dan fodio|Abdullahi dan Fodio]], e won e dille peewnitgol nannduɗe e ɗeen to Nijeer, Aminu fuɗɗii sosde duɗe [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] gadane, tawi faandaare mum ko peewnude e ƴellitde jaŋde [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] to [[Kano]]. Ngam heɓugo ballal, Aminu hokki taskaram man haa mallamai mawɓe haa [[Kano]], hawtaade e Sheek Na’ibi Suleymaani Wali e [[Inuwa Wada]]. Ko adii fof e ɗeen duɗe sosaa ko e nder diiwaan Sudawa wuro ngoo, ko yaawi ɓeydaade heewde yimɓe e binnditagol adanngol ngol almuudo 30, ko ɓooyaani koo mawni haa 60. Jibnaaɓe, haa teeŋti e ɓeen wonɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe tokosɓe, ɓuri yiɗde ɗeen duɗe nde tawnoo ɗe ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e jaŋde [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] tawa kadi ina naatna heen geɗe goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde Hirnaange fof.<ref name=":120">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 142-144 <ref>{{Cite book|last=Daneji|first=Abdalla Uba Adamu|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368602049|title=From Evolution to Revolution: The Kano Emirate Yesterday Today and Tomorrow|date=July 2021|location=Kano|pages=12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mustapha|first=Olusegun|date=2018-04-20|title=Tunawa da Marigayi Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://aminiya.ng/tunawa-da-marigayi-malam-aminu-kano/|issn=0794-9049|access-date=2024-01-11|newspaper=Aminiya|language=ha}}</ref><ref name=":184">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":193">{{Cite book|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211113815/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2017|title=Kano State Education Accounts 2005/2006|date=2006|publisher=Kano State Education Accounts|pages=19–20}}</ref> Jaagorgal jaŋde ƴeewtiima duɗe ɗee, o weltiima e porogaraam oo, addani ɗum naatde e njuɓɓudi duɗe toowɗe. E nder hitaande wootere, duɗe Islamiyya sappo goɗɗe udditaama nder gure mawɗe nder Fuunaange [[Naajeeriya]], hawtaade e [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]], e [[Jos]]. Haa hitaande 1958, ko ina tolnoo e duɗe 60 hono ɗeen. E teskaade wonde ko ɓuri heewde e ballal ɗeen duɗe ummorii ko e terɗe NEPU, ɗe ngonti politik, ɗe ngoni ko e ƴattaade sahaa e sahaa fof, hay so tawii ko e fitinaaji. Ko wonaa ɗuum koo, njiimaandi ɗeen duɗe ina duumii, haa teeŋti noon e sukaaɓe rewɓe.<ref name=":183">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kane|first=Ousmane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CGIM8F6fuQC|title=Non-Europhone Intellectuals|date=2012|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-2-86978-506-9|pages=38|language=en}}</ref> Caggal nde [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, laamu Fuɗnaange ɓeydi ballal mum e duɗe Islamiyya. E kitaale 1970, janngooɓe duɗe leslese "ko jiidaa e jaŋde maɓɓe leslese ina njaha e duɗe Islamiyya fo waktuuji keewɗi e ñalawma".<ref name=":182">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bray|first=Mark|url=http://archive.org/details/educationsociety0000bray|title=Education and society in Africa|date=1986|publisher=London : Edward Arnold|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7131-8158-6}}</ref>: 92 Hannde, ko ɓuri heewde e sukaaɓe e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] ina njaha e duɗe Islamiyya e sara jaŋde leslesre aada.<ref name=":192">{{Cite book|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211113815/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2017|title=Kano State Education Accounts 2005/2006|date=2006|publisher=Kano State Education Accounts|pages=19–20}}</ref> Ɗee duɗe keɓii ballal laamu [[Naajeeriya]] e pelle winndereyankooje, ko wayi no USAID, e nder golle ngam ƴellitde paandaale hono jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thurston|first=Alex|date=2012-05-18|title=Nigeria's Islamiyya Schools: Global Project, Local Target|url=https://therevealer.org/islamiyya-schools-draft/|access-date=2024-01-11|website=The Revealer|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nguurndam neɗɗo == === Caalaje === Debbo Aminu gadano, Umma, ko debbo ceertuɗo e dewgal goɗngal. Ɓesngu makko ko '''royalty of sorts''<nowiki/>', ɓe njaɓaani dewgal makko e Aminu sabu 'darnde makko udditiinde ngam haɓaade laamɗo'. Dewgal ngal waɗi ko to [[Kano]] e hitaande 1939; kono ɓe ndartini ɗum nde Aminu ummii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna. Umma, mo luutndii fusde, dogi fayi Kaduna, resi Aminu. Ɓesngu makko dañii waawde faamnude ''Alkali'' nokku oo ngam fusde dewgal ngal laabi ɗiɗi caggal nde ɓe ngarti e [[Kano]] ngam juulde. Caggal nde jokkondiral makko e Aminu joofi, Umma dogi fayti [[Gana]] tan.<ref name=":119">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 67–68 <ref name=":315">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Debbo ɗiɗaɓo Aminu ko Hasia, ummoriiɗo e galle laamɗo to [[Bauchi]]. Neene makko ɓadtii baaba Aminu e innde makko, o jaɓi eɓɓoore ndee. Aminu anndi ɗum nde o timmini jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o arti Kano ko juuti. Caggal ɗuum, kanko e Hasia ɓe ngummii Bauchi ngam golle makko jannginde. E sahaa dewgal maɓɓe, Hasia ina famɗi, alaa jaŋde toownde. Aminu ƴetti e hoore mum ngam jannginde mo e Quraan, e binndol Engele (janngude, winndude, e hiisa), e cellal ɓalli.<ref name=":118">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 68–69 O renndini kadi ganndal makko e jannginde rewɓe woɗɓe wonɓe e sara makko.<ref name=":117">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 76 infeleed, ''During marriage'' maɓɓe mbaawka makko jibinde ɓiɓɓe. E hitaande 1948, o jibini kono caggal mum o ruttii.<ref name=":116">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 109 Nde Aminu woppi jaŋde e hitaande 1950, o naati politik, ɓe ngummii Kano. Golle makko politik ɗee ngaddaani waktuuji seeɗa e Hasia, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina woɗɗi. O hoɗi ko e galle galle Aminu to Sudawa kono caggal ɗuum o arti e galle yumma makko caggal nde o luurdi e yumma makko jom suudu Aminu. Jaɓde hootde, dewgal maɓɓe joofi. Aminu yuɓɓini Hasia golloraade e nder safrirde jibinannde, golle ɗe o joginoo haa ko famɗi fof e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970. Dewgal maɓɓe fof e joofde, Aminu e Hasia ina keddii e nanondiral moƴƴal. O tawtoraama dewgal makko e hitaande 1969, hitaande caggal ɗuum, o walli mo e hijjoore makko to Makka<ref name=":115">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 68–69, 181 === Gooɗo === [[Chinua Achebe]], winndiyanke [[Naajeeriya]] mawɗo, gollodiiɗo PRP e Aminu, siftinii mo wonde "seniiɗo e mbayliigu". O ɓeydi heen wonde :<ref>{{Cite book|last=Achebe|first=Chinua|url=http://archive.org/details/imageofafricatro0000ache|title=An image of Africa; and the trouble with Nigeria|date=2010|publisher=London : Penguin|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-14-119258-1}}</ref> ...so Aminu Kano yiytii wonde o naatii e fedde tooñooɓe o woppataa darnde makko ko yaawi e peeñcu, o waɗa hare e hoore makko!<ref>{{Cite book|last=Huxley|first=Elspeth|url=http://archive.org/details/fourguineas0000huxl|title=Four Guineas: A Journey Through West Africa|date=1954|publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]]|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 86 Jaayndiyanke e daartoowo Angalteer biyeteeɗo Basil Davidson, mo Aminu sifotoo ko sehil mum, siftini Aminu ko « jannginoowo, murtuɗo, kulɓiniiɗo-politik, e dowla-parlemaa ». E ɓeydude heen sifaa Davidson, Aminu siftinii hoore mum e nder konngol mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero e hitaande 1982, wonde « ko o neɗɗo demokaraasiyanke, baawɗo ɓamtude neɗɗaagu e ƴellitde ndimaagu rewɓe ». e nder deftere makko 1954 « Gineeji nay : Jaɓɓal e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange », o siftinii Aminu wonde « Cassius gorko, ɓuuɓɗo, ɓuuɓɗo, ganndo Engele, ɓernde mum ko ƴiye, ɗemngal mum ko fijirde ». O siftini mo kadi ko "demagog--ɗemngal taƴngal, fanatik".<ref name=":302">{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 254–255 Aminu ina anndaa no feewi e nguurndam mum ɓuuɓɗam.[113] Fuu e darnde maako ministaajo les Gowon, o ɗonno jogga hoore maako bee "ndema tokoosa" e dokke wakkati feere diga soobiraaɓe maako.<ref name=":30">{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 73 Ganndal Aminu e [[Islaam]] addani mo innde Mallam (innde nde worɓe jannguɓe keɓata e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]). O woniino karallo e sariyaaji [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] e tafsiir, omo waɗa jeewte keewɗe e dow ɗeen geɗe, haa teeŋti noon e wuro [[Kano]].<ref name=":172">{{Cite journal|editor-last=Wakili|editor-first=Haruna|title=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.academia.edu/38919731|journal=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|date=January 2019|publisher=Mambayya House, Centre for Democratic Studies, Bayero University|publication-place=[[Kano, Nigeria]]}}</ref>: 51 Firooji makko Qur’aana ɓuri teeŋtude ko e doosɗe [[lislaam]] jowitiiɗe e nuunɗal, nafoore jaŋde e nder [[Lislaamu|Lislaam]], e wallitde deftere juulɓe ndee. Kerecee’en, e Yahuudu’en.<ref name=":148">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 299-305 == Ƴeew kadi == Dental ɓamtaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange Lannda rimɗinde yimɓe [[Saadu Zungur]] Bayyinaango Sawaba == Tuugnorgal == 7hsr0f7747pruf5z4eldnyqakhr3a9w 177677 177621 2026-07-01T06:32:16Z MOIBARDE 10068 add links and references 177677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mallam Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://gazettes.africa/akn/ng/officialGazette/government-gazette/1982-10-01/50/eng@1982-10-01|title=Nigeria Government Gazette dated 1982-10-01 number 50|date=1982-10-01|language=en}}</ref> (9 [[lewru]] bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 [[lewru]] abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to [[Kano]]. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla [[Naajeeriya]]. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (''commons'') e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Bennett|first=Eric|editor-first1=Henry Louis|editor-first2=Kwame Anthony|editor-last1=Gates|editor-last2=Appiah|title=Kano, Alhaji Aminu|date=2010|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Africa|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-2167|access-date=2024-05-23|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-533770-9|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Reynolds|first=Jonathan T.|editor-first1=Emmanuel K.|editor-first2=Henry Louis|editor-last1=Akyeampong|editor-last2=Gates|chapter=Kano, Muhammad Aminu|date=2011-01-01|title=Dictionary of African Biography|chapter-url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1016|access-date=2024-05-23|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":31">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Eltantawi|first=Sarah|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1m3p0h2|title=Shari'ah on Trial: Northern Nigeria's Islamic Revolution|date=2017|publisher=University of California Press|edition=1|pages=29|doi=10.1525/j.ctt1m3p0h2}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Uwechue|first=Raph|title=Makers of Modern Africa (Second ed.)|publisher=Africa Books Limited|year=1991|isbn=0903274183|location=United Kingdom|pages=323–324}}</ref> Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule [[lislaam]] e nuunɗal renndo.<ref name=":312">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref> O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] les laamu [[Yakubu Gowon]]. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder [[Afrik]], ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.<ref name=":314">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":145">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref> Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.<ref name=":313">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam: Aminu Kano|publisher=Brill Reference Online|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|edition=3rd|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref> ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam: Aminu Kano|publisher=Brill Reference Online|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|edition=3rd|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e [[Lislaam]], baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali [[Kano]]. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, [[Usman dan Fodio]], sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji , waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde [[Kano]].<ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 274 <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to ''Emir'' [[Kano]] e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195382075_3|title=Dictionary of African biography|date=2012|publisher=Oxford; New York : Oxford University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|editor-last=Akyeampong|editor-first=Emmanuel K.|pages=290|editor-last2=Jr.|editor-first2=Henry Louis Gates}}</ref><ref name=":43">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref><ref name=":142">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.<ref name=":143">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 100 <ref>{{Citation|last=Gwadabe|first=Maude Rabi'u|title=Tarihin Malam Aminu Kano|date=25 December 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhsV76d9kco|access-date=2024-01-03|publisher=[[Media Trust|Aminiya Trust]]|language=ha}}</ref> Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,<ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref> o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.<ref name=":62">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 41–43 <ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Jack|first=Homer A.|date=1959|title=Malam Aminu Kano: A Profile|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4184021|journal=Africa Today|volume=6|issue=4|pages=6–10|jstor=4184021|issn=0001-9887}}</ref>: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 276 <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] e oon sahaa.<ref name=":144">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal [[Kano]] (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, [[Kano]]), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi<ref name=":22">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hempstone|first=Smith|url=http://archive.org/details/newafrica0000hemp|title=The new Africa|date=1961|publisher=London, Faber and Faber|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 276 [<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 243 == Golle jannginde == Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]] e hitaande 1940, Aminu suɓii ko janngude ko fayti e sariya, wonaa rewde laawol banndiraaɓe makko ɓurɓe suɓaade jannginde. Ndeeɗoo suɓngo heewaani sabu ñaawirɗe sharia, ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede e ñaawirɗe paralel to [[Kano]] e nder juulɓe, njaɓaani awokaaji. Yanti heen, nafoore makko e janngude safaara to Angalteer, haɗi mo yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'' e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yaba ''Higher College'', ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko to [[Lagos]] to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fotde duuɓi seeɗa. Kono, sabu jiiɓru almudɓe jokki, gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'' saliima jaɓde Aminu, ganndiraaɗo ardaade seppooji almudɓe. Aminu kadi etinooma naatde e konu e polis kono o saliima e ɗiɗo fof nde tawnoo omo yahra e duuɓi 5, ko ina tolnoo e 100 meeteer, ina famɗi no feewi. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, heewɓe ina njokki e wasiyaade mo yo o jokku golle jannginde kono ko jannginoowo makko ganndal, hono Doktoor R. E. Miller, addani mo ƴettude jannginde e nder golle makko.<ref name=":16">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 60 <ref name=":52">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tate|first=Carolyn|date=1983|title=Review of Old Gods and Young Heroes: The Pearlman Collection of Maya Ceramics|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3335865|journal=African Arts|volume=16|issue=2|pages=86–88|doi=10.2307/3335865|jstor=3335865|issn=0001-9933|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":63">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100 ko hujja Miller Ƴeew, miɗo wasiyoo ma nde naatataa e suudu janngirdu. Hare nde ina jokki, e Almaañnaaɓe ina njahra yeeso e kala fannu, ɗum wonaa huunde nde Hitler waawataa heɓtude leydi Nijeer e nder sahaa gooto. E nder ɗuum, aɗa sokli suuɗnde karallaagal, hol nokku ɓurɗo jannginde ? Ko wonaa cfuum, mi 6eydoto maa tan ko jannginoowo-e-heblo ganndal—gooto e gilli maa mawcfi, wonaa noon?<ref name=":17">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 61 <ref name=":64">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100 E nder jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu halfinaama gure keewɗe ngam waɗde golle janngingol. E hitaande makko ɗiɗmere, o waɗii lebbi joy gooto e maɓɓe fof to [[Bauchi]] e Zaria e lebbi ɗiɗi goɗɗi "njillu duɗe to bannge worgo". Ko e hitaande makko sakkitiinde e heblo makko e hitaande 1942, miijooji makko politik radikaluuji ɓuuɓɗi peeñi. O fuɗɗii winndude e jaayɗe e jaayndeeji seeɗa gonɗi e oon sahaa, ko wayi no ''Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo'' e ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, o ƴelliti nafoore mawnde e politik. Ko e ndee hitaande kadi o winndi deftere makko wiyeteende ‘[[Kano]] les martolin otokaraasi native’, nde o winndi e laamu ''native''.<ref name=":147">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 277 <ref name=":19">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 69–70 Hakkunde joofnirde dumunna makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]], o hawri e [[Sa'adu Zungur]], potnooɗo "waɗde batte e miijo Aminu no feewi".<ref name=":146">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 72 <ref name=":44">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 329 Zungur, ɓurɗo Aminu mawnude e ardiiɗo politik radikal e nder Duɗal Pharma . Aminu ina heewi yeewtidde juutnde e Zungur, ina heewi yillaade galle makko caggal jaŋde. Anndugol maɓɓe fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1935 nde Zungur yilliima [[Kano]], o acci heen miijo duumotoongo e Aminu e miijooji makko radikal e yahrude yeeso. Aminu jokki jokkondirde e Zungur haa ɓe kawri e Zaria.<ref name=":18">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 72 === Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu ummiima [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]], o ƴetti golle jannginoowo tokooso to duɗal hakkundeewal [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]].<ref name=":53">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref> Gollodiiɓe makko e duɗal ngal ko [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] e Yahaya Gusau. Jokkondiral Aminu e Balewa, mo ɓaawo man laati hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] tan, fuɗɗi wakkati ɓe ɗon janngina haa Bauchi. Ko e oon sahaa Balewa rokki mo innde ‘Molotov’, innde Vyacheslav Molotov, hooreejo dowla Sowiyetik. Zungur kadi ummiima [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] e oon sahaa, caggal nde o arti wuro makko sabu rafi ɓuuɓɗo mo o heɓi to Zaria.<ref name=":54">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref>: 84–85 Aminu ina teddiniree no feewi e nder almuɓɓe duɗal ngal. Ɓe keewi hawrude ko e galle makko caggal waktuuji jaŋde ngam yeewtidde e golle goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde. O yuɓɓinta sahaa e sahaa fof pijirlooji e kollirɗe ngam almuɓɓe, sahaa e sahaa fof omo huutoroo golle [[Abubakar Imam|Abubakar Imaam]]. Ngam ɓeydude heen jaŋde makko, o waɗii almuɓɓe makko jime e jimɗi. O woniino kadi e nder renndooji janngooɓe ceertuɗi ko wayi no dingiral, jeewte, e ganndal.<ref name=":110">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 85–86 Jokkondiral makko e almuɓɓe e miijooji makko cemmbinɗi, addani mo waasde yiɗde njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal e jannginooɓe woɗɓe. Heen sahaa gooto, fedde almudɓe ndee fof waɗii seppo sabu geɗe bayɗe no ŋakkeende uniformeeji e kaɓirɗe, ŋakkeende kaalis poos, e ŋakkeende nguura. Almuudo gooto mo yalti, suka hooreejo mo woni miñi Balewa, woni kaaloowo maɓɓe. Almuɓɓe mawɓe ɓee, ina jeyaa e maɓɓe [[Sule Katagum]], ina ardoo almuɓɓe woɗɓe ɓee feewde [[Maiduguri]]. Emir [[Bauchi]] e jannginooɓe heewɓe nanngi ɓe, ina njiɗi haaldude, kono almuɓɓe ɓee ina cemmbina haaldude e Aminu tan. Caggal ɗuum, Aminu ari e Yahya Gusau, o « holliti ɓe wonde wullitaango maɓɓe maa heɓ weeyo no haanirta nii » o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ngartu e cuuɗi maɓɓe. Caggal wiɗto wullitaango ngoo, ngo laaɓtinaama, ɗum addani lomtinande hooreejo duɗal ngal Balewa, "mo feewni bonanndeeji gonɗi ko adii ɗii".<ref name=":111">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 86 === Dental ɓamtaare mawngal Bauchi === E hitaande 1943, Aminu, e wondude e Zungur, Balewa e Gusau, sosi Dental Moƴƴingol [[Bauchi]] (BGIU), ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte ngam ñiŋde politik koloñaal Angalteer e laamu ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref name=":65">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Awa|first=Eme O.|title=Federal Government in Nigeria|publisher=University of California Press|year=1964|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|pages=99}}</ref> 100 tawi Zungur ina joginoo batte nannduɗe e Zanguria, ina gasa tawa ko fedde nde yuɓɓini ɗum e hitaande 1943 Dental ɓamtaare mawnde e nder diiwanuuji worgo (NPGIU).<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Aminu e Zungur mbinndi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe ngam haɓaade politik ‘''directed labour''’ Angalteer, mo ɓe njiyri ko no mbaydi njulaagu mbaylaandi. Nde Angalteer ɗaɓɓi nguura, tinndinoore, e soldateeɓe heewɓe ngam wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, laamuuji koloñaal en mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamuuji leydi ndii ngam ‘’dartina’’ keewal nguura e doole yimɓe. Biritaniya huutoriima no feewi doole kisal ɗe ndarnaaka e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] ngam wallitde konu mum caggal musiibaaji konu mum to Fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo e hitaande 1942.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ekoko|first=A. E.|date=1982|title=Conscript Labour and Tin Mining in Nigeria During the Second World War|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857118|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=11|issue=3/4|pages=66–85|jstor=41857118|issn=0018-2540}}</ref> Gooto e binndanɗe Aminu ɗe siynaaka, ko mawɗo diiwaan oo, hono A J Knott, e nder ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo janngi ɗum, o rewi heen haa BGIU. Ndee yiytunde addani dental ngal fusde, lomtinaa ngal e fedde yeewtere [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] (BDC) walla ''Majalisar Tadi'' ta [[Bauchi]], nde laamuuji koloñaal toppitii. BDC sosaa ko no lowre sankitiinde ngam jeewte udditiiɗe, tawa ina hawra e ‘kala miijooji’.<ref name=":112">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 89 <ref name=":66">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 89 <ref name=":72">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":73">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref>: 423 === Bauchi Yeewtere Cirkel === BDC waɗii jeewte yontere kala, ina noddira yimɓe heewɓe ko wayi no ardiiɓe departemaaji, njuɓɓudi laamu, yeeyooɓe e jannginooɓe. Limre tawtoraaɓe ɓee ɓurii Limre Dental Bauchi ''General Improvement Union'' (BGIU) ɓennungal ngal, ngal dañii moƳƳere ɓurnde welde e rokkude kuulal laamu nguu. Aminu, hono binndoowo, ko kañum halfinaa neldude noddaango e suɓaade toɓɓe ɗe yeewtetee. Ɗeen toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ko ɓamtaare faggudu, demokaraasi, safaara, hare e diine. Nde toɓɓere ndee woni ndimaagu jaayndeeji, Aminu e Zungur teeŋtinii luural e nder politik Angalteer, ɓe mbiyi wonde bannge gooto ɓe ndartinii e ɓe ñaawii e nder keeri daande tan ko jeyaaɓe e amiir en, bannge goɗɗo oo, ɓe cemmbinii e yeeso yimɓe fof miijo e eɓɓoore jeytaare.<ref name=":113">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 89 E nder yeewtere jowitiinde e njiimaandi ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, o wiyi wonde « ndi wuuri ko e faandaare nde ndi fotnoo waɗde » e wonde ndi « njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal ɓurndi huutoraade ndi aduna o meeɗaa anndude ».<ref name=":114">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 90 <ref name=":67">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100: 100: 100 [12]: 100 100: 100: 90 [12]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 e Capha emiraaji mum mbayliima wonti njuɓɓudi ndi Shehu Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo ɗum oo, anniyaaki. Aminu wi'i limngal kaliifa'en ɗon mari haaje tuugaago dow nafuuda naa dow jibinannde, nden boo laamu otokaraasi ɗon luura bee janngirde Annabi Lislaama Muhammadu e Shehu. Balewa, nde tawnoo ko kañum ɓuri Aminu ɓuuɓde, ina daranii no feewi njuɓɓudi laamu ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, ina wiya wonde jogaade sariya e deeƴre ina foti wonde huunde himmunde ngam tabitinde tuugnorgal ɗo peeje yiɗaaɗe mbaawi waɗeede e dow mum. Zungur, leeso e nder jonnde ndee, e jaabtaade Balewa, winndi hujjaaji mum e nder ɓataake mo Aminu yettini e dingiral yeewtere ndee e nder jonnde aroore ndee. E nder ndeeɗoo ɓataake, o semmbini hujjaaji Aminu ɗii, o ɓeydi heen seeɗa e hujjaaji makko.[10]: 90 O wiyi Balewa yo ƴeewto no o dañiri "miijo bonngo" ngam daɗndude laamu nguu, o ɓeydi heen : Suɓagol elite gutter mum [Native Authority] waɗaaka e dow hakkille walla e mbaawka, kono ko e salaade tan yiɗde ɓiyleydi laaɓtundi. Terɗe fedde laamuyankoore ina njogii wellitaare desperadoes ngam njulaagu, alaa ko ŋakki so wonaa kala ko dañi.[10]: 90 E nder batu goɗɗo, Aminu naamndii Ofisee Knott : « Hol ko woni njoɓdi amiir ? Knott jaabtii wonde ɗum fawii ko e tolno golle makko e teddeendi golle makko. Ndeen Aminu hollitii wonde hay so tawii ina famɗi doosɗe e golle so yerondiraama e Emir Bauchi, Lamido Adamawa ina heɓa njoɓdi ɓurndi heewde. Caggal ngool mbayliigu, batu nguu joofi ko ɗoon e ɗoon. Ɓooytaani, Knott habri wonde BDC ina joofna, o wiyi wonde jeewte ɗee ina ‘njippii e laawol’.[10]: 91 [22]: 423 === Nokku renndo Bauchi === Ngam lomtaade BDC, Aminu e Zungur cosi fedde politik woɗnde, hono nokku renndo Bauchi. Puɗɗagol fotde 20 tergal, batu maɓɓe gadano waɗi ko to defterdu Native Authority, sara galle amiir. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, tawi ina wondi e polis, Balewa ɓadtiima ɓe e ɗaɓɓaande amiir oo, wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ndartu sabu « denndaangal senndikaaji (juɓɓule) ina kaɗaa ». Zungur ndeen wiyi mo yo o haalan amiir oo wonde ɓe njahataa fusde. Caggal nde Balewa yahi, ɓe pelliti yettinde ɓataake to mawɗo politik ngam humpitaade ko waɗi koo, ɓe mbiyi amiir oo ina tooña hakkeeji maɓɓe.[10]: 91–92 Balɗe tati caggal ɗuum, terɗe fedde ndee noddaama ngam jokkondirde e amiir oo. Amiir oo salii yamirde yo ɓe ndartu, o wiyi o haɗii ɓe tan huutoraade « masiŋaaji binndol e gollorɗe defterdu Native Authority ». Hay so Balewa wulliima wonde o yettinii konngol ngol o rokkaa ngol no haanirta nii, Zungur ina heppi huutoraade ngalɗoo luural, haala kaa jokkaani haa jooni, fedde ndee jaɓii kuulal ngal amiir oo ƴetti ngal. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, mawɗo gooto ina wiyee Mallam Waziri, rokki ɓe huutoraade suudu makko ndu alaa ɗo haaɗi ngam waɗde batuuji, so tawii ko kamɓe njuɓɓini ɗum. Ɓe kawri kaalis maɓɓe ɓe ndarni ɗum.[10]: 93 Ɓooytaani, laamu Angalteer rokki Aminu gooto e bursiiji jeeɗiɗi ngam janngude to Angalteer fuɗɗoraade lewru suwee 1946, ko o... jaɓaama.[8]: 276 [10]: 97 [14] [23]: 154 === Londres === E nder duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde to Londres, Aminu naatii e golle yimɓe hono Harold Laski, George Bernard Shaw, e Karl Mannheim, ɓe janngirɗe mum en ngoni « iwdi miijooji Aminu keewɗi e renndo aadee moƴƴo ». O jokkondiri e yimɓe e pelle keewɗe bannge nano to Londres, ina jeyaa heen lannda Sosiyaalist Labour, Fedde Sosiyaalist janngooɓe, e Sosiyaalist sukaaɓe, o hawri e sehilaaɓe e won e terɗe parlemaa bannge nano e "ardiiɓe toowɓe" pelle kominist kadi.[39]25 ko ɗum addani ardiiɓe politik gollotooɓe e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Aneurin Bevan e Fenner Brockway Caggal nde o feeñnini ɗeen miijooji e batte, Aminu etinooma hawrude e filosofiiji politik adanɗi rewooɓe Farayse e Amerik e sosiyaalisma Shavian Fabian e janngirɗe Usman dan Fodio, tawi fof ko e les njiimaandi miijooji radikal Sa’adu Zungur. O seedtii kadi ñalngu nguu e nder hareeji jeytaare leydi Indiya e leydi Pakistaan ​​rewrude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Aminu, e wondude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe e leyɗeele koloniiji Biritaan en ceertuɗe, jaɓɓiima Ali Jinnah e Jawaharlal Nehru, ardiiɓe dille jeytaare Pakistaan ​​e Inndo, e nder njillu maɓɓe to Londres e hitaande 1947. Ɗee geɗe ina gasa tawa ko ɗe addani mo yiɗde sifaa hare Gandhi.[10]:02]1 E nder jaŋde makko, Aminu jannginii e duɗe leslese nokku oo, o waɗii jonte e nder ladde Galles, o woniino koɗo fedde Young Farmers’ Club. Ngam yoɓde njillu makko ngu o fotnoo waɗde e nder laddeeji Angalteer, o ƴetti golle firo ɗemngal Hausa e nder sosiyetee jaayndeeji Angalteer (BBC). Ko o sikkaano, o noddaama ngam wonde nulaaɗo to Jamboree Boy Scout winndereejo to Rosny, addani mo yahde Orop e njoɓdi ustaandi. Ko adii nde o yahata Farayse, denndaangal fedde « boy scout » yilliima galle laamorɗo Buckingham. Aminu ɗon hulna yi'ugo laamiiɗo e laamiiɗo debbo ɗon yewta e ɗon hawta bee sukaaɓe ɓen ko ɗum feerootiri masin bee no laamu lesdi Biritaniya ɗon mari haaje haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndee luural addi mo miijo, o firti ɗum ko maande ŋakkere laamu koloñaal jogorngu arde.[10]: 102–103 [14] === Fedde jannginooɓe worgo === E lewru marse 1948,[27] nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Londres, Aminu sosi Fedde Wellitaare Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange (caggal ɗuum Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange), fedde adannde e nder diiwaan hee e senngo gollotooɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer,[8]: 276 [28][29]: along the otherers from Sali 169 [30]: 66 Senngo ngo ina jokki e haalde ko fayti e geɗe bayɗe no hakkeeji e wellitaare jannginooɓe, ceergal hakkunde diine e wellitaare jannginooɓe e Fuɗnaange e bus moƴƴo sy jannginooɓe nder Duɗe Misiyon Kirista'en ngam nastugo nder kawtal.[10]: 101-102 [12]: 91 [31]: 258 Senngo ngoo mawnii no feewi, ina joginoo fotde 200 tergal e lewru mum adanndu[32] e 25 cazeele e nder hitaande mum adannde, caggal mum ina jogii batte e nder pelle ngenndiije diiwaan oo, garnooze caggal mum.[29]: 41 te [33]: 356 jokki golle e nder worgo Naajeeriya haa is kawtal bee kawtal jannginooɓe Naajeeriya, kawtal jannginooɓe ɓurdungal mawnugo nder fombina Naajeeriya, nder hitaande 1972.[34]: 260 === Hoto ngartu e Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko e hitaande 1948, Aminu arti Bauchi ngam fuɗɗaade golle makko janngingol to duɗal hakkundeewal Bauchi. Lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum o artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi.[10]: 110 E nder oon sahaa, Sir John MacPherson, guwerneer keso toɗɗaaɗo leydi Najeriya, ina jokki e waɗde njillu e nder diiwaan hee. O fotnoo ko njillu e gure mawɗe Fuɗnaange, kono o yaltini Bauchi. Aminu e Zungur cikkatnoo ko ndeeɗoo feere ko huunde nde Guwerneer oo e wasiyaaji mum mbaɗi ngam haɗde haɓaade radikal en wuro ngoo e doggol ɗaɓɓaande mum en e wullitaango mum en. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ɓadtii Emir Bauchi, ɓe kolliti mo peeje laamu nguu ngam haɗde domen makko, ɓe mbiyi ko sabu baasal duɗe Bauchi, laabi e faggudu. Ɓe keɓii faamnude mo yo ɓe njaɓ yuɓɓinde seppo mawngo ngam salaade ko Guwerneer oo waɗi koo. Ndee ɗoo hiirde mawnde, nde woni ko adii fof e nder Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, hawri ko e ujunere neɗɗo.[10]: 110–111 Aminu, e oon sahaa ko jannginoowo tokooso haa jooni, noddaama to Kaduna ngam hawritde e A J Knott (ofisiyee diiwaan yuɓɓinnooɗo BDC e hitaande 1943), jooni ko hooreejo laamu nguu, e Sir MacPherson. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, guwerneer oo, e wiyde Aminu, ina wiyee : A hollitii wonde aɗa sikki min njiɗi ko jogaade Fuɗnaange caggal, Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange peccii—aɗa yiɗi min njaha mbele leydi maa ina heɓa jeytaare. Aan ko a gorko ummoriiɗo e galle Kano teeŋtuɗo, suka, keewɗo ruuhu, kono aɗa foti anndude wonde min njiɗaa haɗde waylooji e haɗde leydi ndii yahrude yeeso.[10]: 115 Knott jokki e humpitaade Aminu wonde ɓe ngoni ko e waɗde hakkillaaji maɓɓe e ƴattooje makko e laamu nguu, o wiyi "min njiɗii no feewi worɓe hono maa, ardiiɓe leydi maa". Ɓe ndokki mo darnde nde addanta mo ƴeewtaade e tawtoreede "taƴre kaalis laamu" walla hay so tawii ko gardiiɗo jaaynde Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo. Caggal nde o arti Bauchi, Aminu, caggal nde o ƴeewtindii ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande, o yeewtidi e Zungur e woɗɓe, o wiyi wonde ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande ko etaade laamu nguu ustude golle maɓɓe daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee. Ndeen noon, Aminu salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, o humpitii Knott e MacPherson wonde o ɓuri yiɗde ko heddaade e jannginoowo.[12]: 101 O salii kadi caggal ɗuum golle jannginoowo e ɗemngal Hausa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford.[10]: 115–119 Kono, lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum, e nder golle maɓɓe jokkuɗe ngam sarde radikal en Bauchi, laamu Angalteer artiri Aminu to Maru to Sokoto, toɗɗii mo hooreejo duɗal jannginooɓe kesal mahaaɗo.[10]: 116 [35]: 72 === Sokotoo === Sokoto wonnoo ko laamorgo Kalifaandi Sokoto e teeminannde 19ɓiire, sosaa ko e jihaadi Usmaan dan Fodio. Kalifaajo man ɗon mari ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya nden ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder amiir'en ɗon mari haaje hokkugo Sultan Sokoto.[36] Caggal nde Angalteer koloni dowla oo e nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, Sokoto wonti diiwaan, darnde Sultan ustii ; amiiruuji keddiiɗi ɗii njaabtiima laamu Angalteer, nattii jaabtaade Sultan. Kono tan, nde jokki e wonde nokku ɗo laamu aadaaji e diineeji ngoni e nder diiwaan hee. Ndeen noon, nde hiisaama ko taƴre ɓurnde ɓuuɓde e Fuɗnaange ɓuuɓnde no feewi.[10]: 118 Maru (jooni ko Maru, diiwaan Zamfara), wuro e nder diiwaan hee, ina joginoo 8 256 neɗɗo e hitaande 1964.[37] Ina laaɓi wonde yahdu Aminu e Maru wonaa tan ngam woɗɗinde mo e Zungur kono kadi ngam seerndude mo e haɗde mo golle makko. Nde o ari, o etiima sosde dingiral yeewtere kono yimɓe jannguɓe ina pamɗi e sara makko kadi wuro mawngo ɓurngo ɓadaade Maru ina woɗɗi 35 kiloomeeteer, "dow laabi kulɓiniiɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi". Sultan oo, hono Siddiq Abubakar III, ina ƴeewndotoo mo kadi, hono no Aminu yiytiri ɗum caggal ɗuum nii. O anndi mawɗo mo o hokkata sadakaaji wakkati fuu, o ɗonno ƴama Sultan nder asaweeje ɗuuɗɗe nder jooɗorde maako haa Maru.[10]: 118–120 E nder dumunna mo o woni e Maru oo fof, Aminu tawi ko e nder hareeji ɗi o meeɗaa waɗde e Sultan. Fuɗɗorii ko nde Aminu riiwti Yan Labari, walla ƴoƴɓe Sultan, caggal nde o ari. Caggal mum, o neldi ɓataake wullitaango feewde e laamuuji Angalteer, o wiyi wonde kaalis potɗo huutoreede ngam remooɓe ɓee, ɓe leydi mum en huutortee ngam waɗde duɗal ngal, yettaaki ɓe.[12]: 101 Luural goɗngal ummii ko nde Aminu e Abubakar Gumi, gollodiiɗo Grander ca Aminust mo worgo Nijeer e al later Feere Qadiriyya-Tijaniyya nder diiwal ngal nde ɓe haɗi almudɓe maɓɓe yahdugo juulde Jumaare ngam haala wuutugo imaam. E wiyde ɗiɗo ɓee, liimam Maru ina waɗa tayammum, ko huunde nde rewnaaka so ndiyam potɗam wuɗde ina famɗi, hay so tawii noon ndiyam ina ŋakki e Maru. Komisiyoŋ wiɗto mo Sultan oo sosi, yaltinii Gumi, o wiyi Sultan oo yo o waɗ heen hoore makko e nder Maru ngam dartinde golle tayammum. Ko fayti e wasiyaaji komisiyoŋ oo, Sultan salii ɗooftaade ɗum, salii riiwtude Limaam oo.[10]: 120–127 [38] Oon sahaa, Aminu ina renndini jokkondire moƴƴe e Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna Sokoto, joginooɗo luural e Sultan. Nde ñaawirde Sultan ñaawi Bello sabu mum bonnude njoɓdi jangali (‘joɓdi jawdi’) e hitaande 1943, Aminu rokki feccere mawnde e njoɓdi jannginoowo Bauchi mum e kaalis defansiyoŋ Bello. Nde Aminu woni jooni e Maru, Bello yi’i mo ko no sehil potɗo haɓtaade Sultan. Bello ina heewi yillaade Aminu to Maru, e nder njillu Aminu to Sokoto ngam waɗde batu doosgal leydi, o jooɗii ko e galle Bello. E nder ooɗoo sahaa, Sultan oo noddii Aminu noddaango keeriiɗo, ina gasa tawa ina ɗaɓɓa nanondiral. O ɗaɓɓiri batu 2ɓo subaka, kono nde o anndi Aminu haalanii Bello ndee noddaango, Sultan oo mettini heen no feewi, o woppi batu nguu.[10]: 124–125 === Koolol yimɓe Fuɗnaange === Sabu nafooje senngo jannginooɓe Aminu, worɓe jannguɓe woɗɓe teskinaaɓe e nder diiwaan hee ɓadtiima mo ko fayti e sosde fedde nanndunde e ndee. E nder darorɗe hitaande 1948, pelle ceertuɗe to Zaria, Kaduna e Bauchi kawri ngam sosde Jam’iyyar Mutanen Arewa walla Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC). E lewru suwee 1949, batu udditgol fedde ndee yuɓɓinaama to otel Green’s to Kaduna, fotde 500 neɗɗo tawtoraama. Terɗe sosɗe ɗee ko Dr. R. A. B. Dikko, Yahaya Gusau, Abubakar Imam (rewtinoowo Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo), Yuusuf Maitama Sule, Aliyu Mai Bornu, Aminu Kano, Isa Wali (ɓiɗɗo mawniiko Aminu) e Sa’adu Zungur, mo wonnoo koolaaɗo kuuɓal fedde NC Ca Naajeeriya wakkati.[10]: 111 [33]: 358 [39]: 75 E batu mum gadano e lewru desaambar 1949, ardiiɓe kongres oo, hono Dikko e Gusau, kollitii wonde kongres oo yiɗaa foolde laamu koloñaal e aristokraasi, tee : Jam'iyyar anniyaaki ƴettude laamu laamɓe men Natural; ko wonaa ɗuum koo, ko yiɗde amen tiiɗnde ɓeydude ngalɗoo laamu kala nde waawi wonde e kala ɗo waawi wonde. Eɗen njiɗi wallude laamɓe men Natural e nder golle mum en no haanirta nii...Eɗen njiɗi wallude ɓe e yaynaade Talakawa [yimɓe ɓooyɓe].[33]: 358 [39]: 75 Ofisee diiwaan gooto, gardinooɗo Hoɗɓe Kano, jeertinii tawtoraaɓe ɓee wonde ɓe mbaawataa addude peeje ɗe ɓe njiɗi tan so ɓe njaltii "seese e hakkille" e wonde "neɗɗo ina foti janngude yahde hade mum dogde". Aminu jaabiima e naamnaade mo yo o humpit mawɓe makko wonde : So en njahii koyɗe en njahrataa ko, en ndogat. Kadi so en njippiima, en ƴettat koye men, en ndoga kadi. Kono maande, min njahataa e koyɗe. Aɗa waawi wiyde min njaha e gelooɗi, walla puccu, kono hay min njuppataa e oto mo min njaha e laana ndiwoowa. Kadi Biritaan en ina poti haɗde en suɓaade laabi men yah-ngartaa, hay so tawii noon ko yaawi.[10]: 121–122 [12]: 93 Laamɓe Fuɗnaange heewɓe, ko wayi no Sultan, Amir Kano e Amir Zaria, njaɓii ngool jikku ‘harmless’ e ‘deferential’ kongres oo. Kono tan, terɗe tokoose hono Maitama, Aminu, e Zungur ina cikkatnoo wonde kongres oo ina yaaji no feewi e emiiruuji ɗii e laamuuji Angalteer ɗii fof, ina teeŋtina haaju mum e peewnugol politik to Fuɗnaange. E joofnirde e lewru ut 1950, won e terɗe NPC radikal en to Kano sosi Dental Jamiyar Neman Sawaba, lannda politik gadano bayyinaango e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer.[12]: 94 NEPU ina joginoo semmbe e Zungur, radikal en peeñɗi Fedde.[33]: 359 Ɓe njoginoo ballal Aminu, mo waawaano naatde e lannda ka e oon sahaa nde tawnoo omo gollina laamu haa jooni, o waawaano naatde e lannda politik e peeñcu.[10]: 123 [12]: 94 === Deƴƴere === Aminu rokki ɓataake mum deƴƴere ñalnde 16 oktoobar 1950, o ummii Maru haa laaɓi ñalnde 4 noowammbar e ndeen hitaande. Sheek Usmaan Bida, mo Aminu wonnoo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, e Sule Katagum, Wazirin Katagum, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe cikki ko o doole ngam woppude laamu. Kanko Aminu, o miijotonoo ko ndeeɗoo feere gila e lewru abriil ndeen hitaande. Nde cukko hooreejo jaŋde to bannge worgo jeertini mo wonde o toɗɗaaka so o jokkii e golle makko politik, Aminu winndi e nder deftere makko, "Ko noon ne kadi, ko ɗuum woni caɗeele makko. Miin ko mi woppu golle haa hitaande aroore."[10]: 129 Winndannde nde Aminu winndi, ina hollita sabaabu mum deƴƴere, yaltinaa e jaaynde wiyeteende Daily Comet ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1950 : Mi woppii golle sabu mi saliima goongɗinde wonde ndii leydi ko kasoo e nder laamuuji Angalteer-Fulani—mi woppii golle sabu miɗo wondi e miijo wonde laamuuji ngenndiiji ɗii ... ina njogii yaakaare no feewi e safrude caɗeele men jaŋde, renndo, faggudu, politik walla hay diine—My hared stay in England and my all above... jojjanɗe aadee ɗe aduna o haɓata e fasisma—mi hulɓinaama laabi ɗiɗi e ƴiye ɗe ngalaa yurmeende... tawi ko saraaji ɗii fof ina njuɓɓina fenaande, laamu bonngu, bluff politik, maccuɗaagu les garb goɗɗo, nepotism ɓuuɓɗo, tippudi, baasal...retention mo alaa ko nafata e faggudu canmedkei e...exploration faggudu muñan ɗee geɗe sabu uurngol mum en bonngol...miɗo hebli noddireede kala innde. Noddu am koyɗol walla noddu am rewolison; noddu am kulɓiniiɗo walla kala ko oo laamu imperiyaalisma yiɗi. Mi yi’i annoore e dow ŋoral toowngal, miɗo anniya yahde e nder taarik mum timmuɗo, tawa ko miin tan walla e kala jiɗɗo yahdude e am. E ɓeeɗoo suppitooɓe leñol men, mbiɗo wiya ɗum nii: Look Out! Afrik ko mawɗo ɗaaniiɗo nattii! O woni tan ko e diwde e ŋoral...?"[10]: 129-130 [26]: 243 [25]: 541 == Golle politik == === Ko adii jeytaare (1950—1959) === Nepotism, baasal e nder njuumri mum, ñawu, maccungaagu e les njiimaandi goɗɗo, tooñannge e majjere nde alaa hersa, ina keewi no feewi no waynoo ko adii gargol imperiyaalisma e nder teeminannde 19ɓiire. Ƴellitaare walla toɗɗagol worɓe ɓe nganndaa janngude, sukaaɓe walla ɓaleeɓe, e jappeere laamu toownde ko heewi ko ngam aksidaa jibinannde tan walla ngam « ɓadtaade naafigaagal » wonaa tan ngam ittude ɓesngu nguu hakkillaaji mum en e eɓɓooji mum en kono kadi ko seede hollirde wonde ndeeɗoo otokaraasi yuɓɓo ko replica native premedilam to the British momtude. — E nder ƴeewndo Aminu e hitaande 1953, Dr. Walter Miller winndi "Mbele en ŋakkiraama e nder leydi Najeriya?"[40] Caggal nde o woppi laamu, Aminu arti Kano, o naati e lannda « Northern Elements Progressive Union » (NEPU) e dow laawol.[12]: 101 Paandaale lannda ka cifaaɗe ɗee ina njeyaa heen « ndimaagu talakawa » (yimɓe) rewrude e « peewnugol politik e nder laamuuji otokaraasi hannde ɗii ». E nder batu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaandeejo Kongres Leƴƴi Fuɗnaange (NPC) e lewru desaambar 1950, kuulal NEPU, ngal Aminu winndi, noddii nde NPC bayyinaa wonde "lannda politik ngenndiyaŋke laaɓtuɗo".[12]: 95 It became political up to party, It became political up to party demokaraasi leydi ndii.[9]: 359–360 Kono tan, amiiruuji doole e "won e ofiseeji njuɓɓudi" ina njiyri NPC ko fedde jogiinde miijooji radikal kulɓiniiɗi. Kuutoragol terɗe terɗe moƳƳere e konservatiif ummii, e kulol wonde NPC, so yiytaama no radikal nii, ina waawi haɓaade ngam wonde lannda ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange. Terɗe NPC keewɗe ina ndartini yaltude e fedde nde so tawii terɗe NEPU ɗee njaltinaaka.[12]: 95–96 Shehu Shagari, hono hooreejo fedde NPC nde sukaaɓe Sokoto, hokkaama yamiroore ngam salaade kala ɗaɓɓaande Aminu e Zungur ngam heɓde darnde ardorde e nder batu Jos NPC mo hitaande 1950. Shagari, e laawol mum feewde batu nguu, hawri e Aminu e Zungur e nder oto, humpitii ɓe ndeeɗoo yamiroore. O wiyi wonde Aminu, nde nani ɗum, o hirjinii mo « huutoraade mandat mo ndokkaa-mi oo » o hollitii mo kadi jokkude sehilaagal maɓɓe e teddungal maɓɓe.[30]: 68–69 [41]: 25 Ko ɗum waɗi, NEPC, ƴettuɗo hoore mum, yalti e N lannda.[10]: 140-141 [41]: 25-33 Aminu tawtoraama daawal wooteeji gadani e wooteeji parlemaa gadani e lewru suwee 1951 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji to bannge worgo. Lannda makko, NEPU, heɓi nafoore e 12 e nder 26 jooɗorɗe dokkaaɗe ngam wuro Kano, ɓuri lanndaaji tati keddiiɗi ɗii, ina heen ardiiɓe njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii, tawi ko kam en fof njogii jooɗorɗe jeegom.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 kanndidaaji cakkitiiɗi ɗi kolees to gese suudu sarɗiiji rewrude e woote sirlu. Ɗeeɗoo koleesuuji, tawi ina mbaɗi pelle tokoose, heen gooto fof waɗii teemedde keewɗe woote walla ko ɓuri ɗum.[12]: 29 Hay so tawii NEPU ina joginoo nafoore e daawal gadanal ngal, Aminu ina famɗi no feewi e golle woote cakkitiiɗe ɗee, heɓi 16 woote e nder 68 woote, tee hay gooto e NEPU secuɓe e nder 68 woote Asammbele, wonnoo ko kolees woote wonande suudu sarɗiiji. Terɗe NEPU nayi, puɗɗiiɗe heɓde nafoore e daawal hakkundeewal, tawi ina kaɓa e kanndidaaji ɗi ɓe keɓi ko adii ɗuum, ummoriiɗi e laamu leydi ndii e nder daawal gadanal ngal.[12]: 30 [35]: 74 Sabu batte wooteeji ɗii, ko ɗum woni ko Biritaannaaɓe njiyri wonde laamu Biritaannaaɓe e laamu nguu njuɓɓudi woote ɓurndi welde e laamu ngenndi,[12]: 30 [14][42]: 78–79 e "ko heewi e terɗe cuɓaaɗe ɗee ngonti daraniiɓe nafooje mum". wonde Aminu dañii woote ɗee nde tawnoo "ina waawi ittude heen mettere e nder njuɓɓudi Aminu" e wonde "[Fuɗnaange Nijeer] ina haani denndaangal worɓe waawɓe mooftude, e mbaawka Aminu alaa ko waawi naamneede".[43]: 225 Seppo mawngo "15,000 NExtayer souls [PU] yuɓɓinaa keeɓal. Lannda kaa yuɓɓinii wooteeji njuɓɓudi ngam hollitde wonde wooteeji toowɗi ina mbaawi waɗeede e nder njuɓɓudi. NEPU dañii dañde kaalis keewɗo ngam neldude Aminu to Angalteer « ngam ñaawde haala mum en yeeso Parlemaa Angalteer e yimɓe fof ». E ballal Thomas Hodgkin e John Collins, Aminu dañii hawrude e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji, depiteeji Fabian, e jaagorgal leydi Angalteer. Laamu Native Authority jaabtii ɗum e ƴattaade e uddude terɗe NEPU e nder Kano, teeŋti noon e ƴattaade Gambo Sawaba, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe, gardiiɗo fedde rewɓe NEPU. NPC, hannde woni lannda politik ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange, huutoriima kadi ‘fedde jom en hakkillaaji en’, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko Yan Mahaukata (‘yimɓe majjuɓe’) walla Jam’iyyar Mahaukata (‘Lanndaaji majjuɓe’), ngam ustude terɗe lanndaaji politik goɗɗi to Kano, haa teeŋti noon e terɗe NEPU. Gaagaa sosde fedde wiyeteende Positive Action Wing (PAW) ngam haɓaade ɗeen bonanndeeji, won terɗe parlemaa Angalteer, ko wayi no Fenner Brockway, mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamu koloñaal ngam haɗde golle bonɗe ɗee. PAW fusi haa jooni e hitaande 1954 nde wonnoo ko kañum ɓuri Yan Mahaukata doolnude. Sabu darnde makko toownde e nder lannda kaa, Aminu ina reeni no feewi e fitinaaji ɓalli ɗi terɗe NEPU keddiiɗe ɗee mbaɗata.[48]: 137 Kono Aminu ina joginoo nanngugol keewngol e juuɗe laamu leydi ndii. Teskaama e nder kampaañ woote fedde ndee e hitaande 1954, o ñaawaa laabi ɗiɗi. Arano oo, ko ngam fiyde lefol NEPU e dow oto makko to wuro Kano—golle ɗe aadaaji mum en mbaɗata ko Emir Kano e hoɗɓe e leydi Angalteer. Ɗiɗaɓere, ngam yaltinde binndanɗe ɗe o tuumaa ko ‘anniya fenaande’, ɗum addani mo balɗe tati kasoo wonande gadano oo, e njoɓdi £50 wonande ɗiɗaɓo oo.[12]: 364 [49]: 91 E nder haala goɗɗa, o tuumaama e bidsee, fedde Kamairu e fedde mallasi. Tuumeede ndee ina tuugnii e miijo wonde ɓoornaade butoŋ Sawaba mo terɗe NEPU mbaɗi oo, ko huunde nde wonaa lislaam, tee NEPU ina tuumaa ina gollondira e Kerecee’en ngam haɓaade ardiiɓe diineeji Fuɗnaange. E wondude e wasiyaaji makko Danladi e Lawan Dambazau, Aminu feeñii e yeeso diiso Emir to Kano ngam ƴeewtaade ɗeen tuume. E fawaade e teddeendi tuume ɗee, kanko e wasiyaaji cifaaɗi ɗii « mbaɗii wujjude neɗɗo jogorɗo maayde (rites cakkitiiɗi) ». E nder batu nguu, Aminu hollitii wonde diiso amiir oo wonaa renndo jeewte, yeewtere ndee ina foti waɗeede heen seeɗa, caggal ɗuum haalanee amiir oo. Ɗum nanondiraama, batu ɗiɗaɓo yuɓɓinaama. E nder ndee ɗoo kawral ɗiɗaɓal, Aminu wiyi wonde kawtal NEPU e Kawtal ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC) wonaa ko luutndii janngirɗe lislaam sabu hay Muhammadu meeɗii waɗde kawtal defannde e yahuud en saraaji Madiina. O wiyi kadi ko ɓooyaani koo, kanko Emir Kano, o jokkondirii e inɗeele Igbo Kerecee'en ngam golloraade Juulirde mawnde Kano e kitaale 1950. To bannge butoŋ Sawaba, Aminu naamndii so tawii kadi ko ɗum huunde nde wonaa lislaam nde won e amiiruuji ɓoornii medal « Ordre britannique de Saint-George ». Haa jooni nanondiral waɗii, terɗe NEPU ina mbaawi ɓoornaade tan ko baaji lannda e nder seppooji mawɗi.[10]: 149–151 Aminu suɓaama hooreejo NEPU e batu tataɓo hitaande 1953, o lomtii Abba Maikwaru. Hitaande fawtii heen, lannda ka waɗi kawtal e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e leydi Kameruun (NCNC) mo Nnamdi Azikiwe. E nder wooteeji diiwaan 1956, Aminu ina haɓa e diiwaan Kano Fuɗnaange. O fooli woote ɗe Ahmadu Dantata, gooto nder Naajeeriya'en ɓurduɓe alɗugo, ronooɓe laamu filu Dantata.[9]: 333 Suɓol ngol, ngol waɗaama dow ko laarani suɓol worɓe yoɓooɓe ceede, ngol timmini bee Dantata heɓugo woote 2,119 dow Aminu 776. [12]: 328 haa 329 [50]. Suɓol mawngol leydi Naajeeriya ngol hitaande 1959 waɗii huunde mawnde, sibu ko ngol woni wooteeji gadani ɗi wooteeji laaɓtuɗi mbaɗata e kala diiwaan. Aminu, gonɗo e les njiimaandi NEPU-NCNC, kadi ƴaañii e wooteeji Kano Fuɗnaange, o heɓi 60,4% e wooteeji ɗii, o heɓi jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii.[12]: 374 [35]: 370 E nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o toɗɗaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii Hooreejo Goomu Alliance ngam geɗe caggal leydi e ina wiyee o saliima toɗɗagol jaagorde nde tawnoo o miijii ko <nowiki>''</nowiki>ina fotnoo<nowiki>''</nowiki> jaɓde jappeere "jogiinde teddungal e doole" tawi fotde 2 000 neɗɗo ina ngondi e lannda makko e nder... kasoo.[10]: 187 [12]: 374 [51]: 630 === Republiik gadano (1960-1966) === Ƴeew kadi: Republiik Najeriya gadano Ko o depitee, Aminu ƴetti hakkille mum e geɗe ngenndiije e winndereyankooje jowitiiɗe e leydi Najeriya keso ndi, tawi omo jokki e faandaare makko mawnde, hono rimɗinde talakawa. E nder suudu nduu, o hollitii laabi keewɗi ngam wallitde e yaawnude golle leydi ndii ngam haɓaade koloñaal. To bannge politik caggal leydi Nijeer, Aminu ko daraniiɗo pan-Afrik, o wiyi wonde Nijeer ina foti wonde "base hare ngam haɓaade njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe".[52] O tiiɗnii e tiiɗnaare ngam Naajeeriya ɓeyda ballal mum e golle haɓaade apartaayd e nder Afrik worgo, o hirjinii kadi jokkude golle Naajeeriya ngam artirde "jam e ndimaagu e nder leydi Konngo".[10]: 188 [53][54][55] Toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya (ONU) Balewa, gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo makko ummoriiɗo Bauchi, Aminu ina famɗi radikal so en ƴeewtindiima golle makko nokkuyankooje. E nder laamu makko to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, haa teeŋti noon e geɗe winndereyankooje, o jokkondirii e « ƴellitaare e ƴellitaare jeertinaande ». Ko o pan-Afriknaajo cemmbinɗo, o daraniima darnde nde aldaa e paltoor ngam Nijeer, o goongɗini sabaabu ‘dipolomasi mo aldaa e paltoor’.[10]: 189–191 [56]: 29–31 E nder laamu Aminu e nder suudu sarɗiiji to Lagos, njuɓɓudi NEPU ɓeydiima saɗtude. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1961, Joseph Tarka, hooreejo fedde wiyeteende “Congrès du Moyen Belt” (UMBC), ƴetti konngol ngam waɗde nanondiral hakkunde NEPU e lannda mum ngam sosde fedde tiiɗnde ngam haɓaade NPC to Fuɗnaange. Kono sarɗi oo ko yo NEPU wallit faandaare UMBC sosde dowla keeriiɗo mo Middle Belt. So tawii Aminu yiyii nafooje potɗe heɓde e kawtal ngal, o saliima sabu jokkondiral UMBC e fedde Action Group (AG). O firti eɓɓaande ndee ko eɓɓoore nde AG waɗi ngam taƴde jokkondiral NCNC e NEPU, luulndo maɓɓe ɓurngo mawnude to bannge worgo. Hay so tawii won terɗe NEPU ina luulndii ɗum, eɓɓaande UMBC ndee heɓiino weltaare, tee jaɓgol Aminu ngol ina jokkondiri e ñiŋooje. Ko NEPU waɗi e wooteeji 1961 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, ɗo ɓe keɓi jooɗorde wootere tan, ɓeydi heen ŋakkeende kisal nder lannda kaa.[10]: 196 [12]: 421 [57]: 183 de6poer Laamu diiwaan oo ko Emir Kano. Aminu tuumi Ahmadu Bello, hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, hooreejo NPC, woni ɓaawo limngal limngal. O renndini postooji e propagandeeji ƴettuɗi ko nanndi e luural daartol hakkunde Sokoto e Kano. Sanusi lomtii ko Muhammadu Inuwa mawɗo, jokkondirɗo e Aminu. Waɗooɓe Sanusi mbaɗi lannda yimɓe Kano (KPP), ngam yiɗde gartugol makko walla ɓiyiiko Ado Sanusi ƴetta laamu. KPP hawri e NEPU, hay so tawii noon alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa artirde Sanusi. NPC, ngam etaade hisnude ballal to Kano, noddii ballal mum yo salmin Emir keso oo. Caggal nde wallidiiɓe NEPU ndartinaa e batu nguu, ɓe njuɓɓini batu ɓurngu mawnude ñalnde heen, tawi ko 35 000 neɗɗo tawtoraama, ɗo Amir jaɓɓii ɓe no moƴƴi. Inuwa maayi ñalnde heen caggal ndeeɗoo kawral, Bello, ngam haɗde jiiɓru ɓeydaade, toɗɗii Ado Bayero, miñiiko Sanusi, ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Senegaal, ngam lomtaade mo. Deƴƴere Sanusi ndee waɗii batte keewɗe e ballal NEPU to Kano, ɓeydi kadi jiiɓru hakkunde Kano e Sokoto, haa teeŋti noon e nder banndiraaɓe suufiyankooɓe Tijanniyya e Qadriyya. Hay so tawii Aminu heddiima e kala banndiraagal suufiyanke, o faami nafoore maɓɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, o huutorii luural ngal ngam yahrude yeeso nafooje NEPU. E nder kampaañiji wooteeji Fedde nde 1964, Aminu yilliima Sheek Ibrahim Niass, hooreejo Tijanni mawɗo, to Kaolack ko ɗum waɗi fotooje Aminu ina keɓa barkeeji e Sheek ina cirƴa to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya: 182, 10: 200-206, 57: 290, 170-183 === 1964 Woote kuuɓtodinɗe === Ƴeew kadi: Fiilde hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1964 Caggal nde UMBC joofni jokkondiral mum e Fedde Golle, NEPU e UMBC cosi Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare worgo (NPF), tawi faandaare mum ko « feccude diiwaan worgo gooto, ngam rokkude daande laaɓtunde pelle ɓurɗe famɗude ». KPP e pelle tokoose goɗɗe naati e NPF, ina ɗaminii sosde dowla Kano keeriiɗo, keeriiɗo. Nde leydi ndii ɓadtii woote, diiwanuuji tati ɗii fof ina njogii jiiɓru mawndu e tuumeede fenaande. To Kano, Aminu, hooreejo NEPU, hawri e Ibrahim Gashash, hooreejo lannda NPC, ngam ustude fitinaaji potɗi waɗeede e nanondiral e njuɓɓudi wooteeji. Gashash jaɓii waawnude ardiiɓe lannda mum ngam haɗde hareeji ƴiiƴam "kono fof alaa ko nafi". Ñalnde 28 desaambar, balɗe ɗiɗi tan ko adii woote ɗee, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Azikiwe, wiyi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Balewa, yo jokku woote ɗee fotde lebbi jeegom sabu ɓeydagol jiiɓru, o ɗaɓɓiri kadi ƴeewndo ONU. Balewa salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, wiyi ko ɗum yalti e mbaawka makko. Hooreejo Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, tawi naamnaaki terɗe goɗɗe, kadi woppii ɗum. Ko ɗum addani tato e nder jeegom terɗe komisiyoŋ oo woppude golle. Tooñanngeeji ɗi njiy-ɗen ɗii e fenaande tuumaande ndee ina addana kanndidaaji e lanndaaji keewɗi ustude woote ɗee, ɗum noon ko njeñtudi ‘lopsided’. Aminu dañii diiwaan mum to Kano Fuɗnaange e kanndidaa NPC, Mahmud Dantata, ɓiy Alhassan Dantata e gonnooɗo tergal NEPU, Dantata heɓi 1 700 woote e Aminu 690 e nder 40 000 wootooɓe potɓe suɓaade.[8]: 312:10] Caggal woote ɗee, Aminu e goomu gollordu hakkundeejo NEPU yuɓɓinii batu ngam restrategize. "Deftere daneere dow caɗeele siyaasaaku ɗe lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari" winndaama ngam hollugo, nde ɗon laara darnde NEPU nden ɗon hokka limngal njuɓɓudi. Ndeeɗoo batu ko mawnde e nder daartol lannda kaa, tawi ko depiteeji ummoriiɗi e teemedde cafrirɗe e nder Fuɗnaange fof tawtoraama. Ina jeyaa e toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ɗee, mbaawka hawrude e denndaangal lanndaaji politik luulndo to bannge worgo, sosde « lannda ngenndiijo kuuɓtodinɗo », sosde dowlaaji kesi, sosde ballal bursi. Koolol ngol kadi addani Diɗɗal Dowla Kano (KSM) fuɗɗaade, tawi ina waɗi NEPU, KPP, e won e terɗe NPC luulndiiɗe laamu. Ñalnde 14 abriil 1965, batu mawngu yuɓɓinaama ngam udditde KSM, tawi ko gooto e jamaanu ɓurngu mawnude e daartol politik Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Ahmadu Trader, sehil Aminu ɓooyɗo, toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi ndi gadano, Aminu woni jaagorgal mum to bannge politik.[10]: 213–215 Faandaare KSM adannde ko sosde dowla Kano ceertuɗo.[8]: 271 E hitaande 1965, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa toɗɗii Aminu yo won nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Aminu woni wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya haa kawtal lesɗe duuniyaaru dow filu e ɓamtaare nder hitaande 1965. Nde o arti e golle ONU, ñalnde 6 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Aminu ummii Lagos fayde Kano ngam tawtoreede batu NEPU, ɗo yeewtere laabi restrategie jokki. Nde o ari Kano, Aminu humpitaama rewrude e Abubakar Gumi, mawɗo Khadi (Mawɗo Ñaawirde) diiwaan Fuɗnaange e gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Aminu to Maru, ko fayti e batu sirlu ngu Ahmadu Bello yuɓɓini, gonnooɗo e oon sahaa to Makka. Joɗnde ndee fotnoo ko waɗde hakkunde maɓɓe tato, nde fotnoo ko ñalnde 16 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. Kono, ko adii nde joɗnde ndee waɗata, Bello waraa ko ñalnde 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. So tawii anniyaaji Bello e batu nguu ina keddii e laaɓde sabu maayde makko e sahaa mum, miijo Gumi ko wonde ina gasa tawa o woni ko e ƴeewtaade tolno njiimaandi e nder Fuɗnaange, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e nanondiral woote ngam wooteeji Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange garooji ɗii.[10]:21 === Laamu konu (1966—1979) === Hakkunde 14 e 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966, soldateeɓe murtuɓe konu Naajeeriya e gardagol Kaduna Nzeogwu e woɗɓe nayo mbarii Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe marɓe semmbe ina jeyaa heen Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe Naajeeriya, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna mo Naajeeriya worgo Sokoto e Ardiiɗo lesdi hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndeeɗoo eɓɓaande kuudetaa umminii dille luulndiiɗe kuudetaa e nder konu nguu, tawi ko Ofisee Seneraal Komanda, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ardii ɗum, dañii ustude kuudetaa oo. Caggal kuudetaa mo ronki, ñalnde 16 lewru Yarkomaa, Aguiyi-Ironsi ƴetti golle hooreejo leydi, ardii laamu konu gadano leydi Nijeer.[58]: 63 === Laamu Ironsi === Ƴeew kadi: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1966 Hay so tawii banndiraaɓe makko NEPU ina njogii hoolaare, sibu ina cikka ina mbaawi heblude ŋakkeende politik nde kuudetaa oo heddinoo, Aminu ɓadtiima laamu Ironsi e hakkille. E lomtaade lannda makko, o neldi laamu nguu telegaraam « hakkilantaagal » , o woppii juulde kono o hollitii yaakaare makko wonde laamu Ironsi ina waawi renndinde ngenndi ndii, ina yahra yeeso e demokaraasi. Ironsi yaawi wontude mo yiɗaa e nder diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange sabu mum waasde jogaade darnde e darnde politik ɗeen diiwanuuji, o ɓuri yiɗde ko amiir en e mawɓe e nokkuuji mum en . Ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe politik e nder njuɓɓudi kesiri ndii ko Guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi, jooni ko kamɓe ngoni wasiyaaji guwerneeruuji konu. Ngonka kesa ka to Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii nanndude e laamu ɓooyngu nguu, ngu koloñaal en Angalteer mbaɗi, ngu ɓeydi heen njiyaagu e laamu nguu, haa teeŋti noon e nder dingiral radikal en. Lebbi tati e nder laamu makko, Aminu ina jokki e yeewtidde e Joseph Tarka e Maitama Sule ko fayti e ko ɓe njiyri "kuulal gootal wonande leydi Nijeer".[8]: 332–333 [25]: 380–381 Hedde sahaa ndeeɗoo batu, Ironsi jaɓi haa jooni jokkondirde e Aminu. Aminu hollitii caɗeele ɗe Fuɗnaange jogori dañde, o holliti heen peeje. Ironsi noon, wayi ko no alaa ko nafi, ko ɗum waɗi, darnde Aminu ndee « alaa ko nafi ». Caggal ɗuum, Aminu tuugnii ko e Ado Bayero, laamɗo Kano, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni hooreejo leydi ndii, ngam yettinde miijooji mum cemmbinɗi ɗii to Kumanndaa mawɗo oo.[10]: 222–223 E lewru mee, Ironsi yaltinii "Decree dental" luulndiiɗo, momtuɗo diiwanuuji Nijeer, lomtiniri ɗum "pelle diiwanuuji". Yanti heen, Dekere oo renndini ko sarwisaaji siwil ɗi diiwaanuuji ɗii mbaɗnoo ko adii ɗuum. O ɓeydi heen momtude denndaangal lanndaaji politik e pelle pinal ngam yiɗde haɓaade ‘tribalism’. Anndinoore Decree ndee ɓeydii jiiɓru e nder Fuɗnaange, ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e pelle eliteeji ɗii njiyri ko ɓeydaade woɗɗitaade laamu nguu to Lagos. Ɓe cikki wonde Dekere oo yeewtidaaka e maɓɓe no haanirta nii, tee ina waɗi sarɗiiji "ɗi moƴƴaani e maɓɓe".[25]: 647 To Kano, fotde teemedde ɗiɗi almuudo, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ummorii ko e duɗal Abdullahi Bayeron, duɗal Rumfa, e duɗal janngirɗe aarabeeɓe, yuɓɓini seppooji ɗi Kaverlino de Aarabeeɓe mbinndi Guwerneer diiwal worgo leydi ndi hono Hassan Katsina. Ñalnde heen, fitinaaji mbaɗi e nder wuro ngo, fitinaaji ɗii mbaɗii e njulaagu Igbo en, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 100 haa 200 neɗɗo maayi heen, tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen ko Igbo en kono kadi ina heen woɗɓe nanngaaɓe e fitinaaji ɗii. Ñaawirde sosaa ngam ƴeewtaade fitinaaji ɗii, gardiiɗo mayre ko Sir Lionel Brett, ñaawoowo Angalteer to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Nijeer. Ñaawirde Sir Brett meeɗaa ƴettude ñaawoore mum nde laamu Ironsi joofi caggal nde o waraa ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966 E lewru sulyee, Ironsi yuɓɓinii batu e amiiruuji e mawɓe leydi ndii ɓurɓe waawde to Ibadan. E nder kawral ngal, o yamiri ɓe yimde jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗin, o holli anniya maako ngam waɗuki ɓe darnde haa lesdi Naajeeriya bana no guwerneeruuji sooja'en, miijo ngo ɗon mari ƴamol, Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero wurti diga kawtal ngal. Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1966, kuudetaa gardinooɗo ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii, ɗum addani Ironsi waraa to Ibadan.[25]: 385 Ñalnde 1 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Lietnaa-Kolonel Yakubu Gowon toɗɗaa Sustelit be hooreejo leydi caggal nde) ƴettude yamiroore.[25]: 52 === Laamu Gowon (1966—1975) === Ƴeew kadi: 1966 Kuudetaa Nijeer Toɗɗagol Gowon, Kerecee’en worgo, jeyaaɗo e leñol tokosol, hooreejo leydi, ko huunde nde SMC waɗi ngam haɗde kuuɓtodinɓe worgo, e gardagol Lietnaa-Kolonel Murtala Muhammed, seertude e republique. Gowon woppi ko ɓuri heewde e kasooji politik nanngaaɓe e laamu Ironsi, ina jeyaa heen Obafemi Awolowo, politik Yorubaajo mawɗo mo diiwaan Hirnaange. O woppi kadi kuulal denndinngal luulndiingal ngal, o artiri diiwanuuji nay ɗi limtaa ko adii ɗuum. Yanti heen, Gowon yuɓɓinii batu wakili’en diiwaan ngam ƴettude kuule doosɗe kese, anndiraaɗe goomu doosɗe Ad Hoc. Aminu e Joseph Tarka ina njeyaa e wakili'en diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder batu nguu. Depiteeji ɗii fof e batu nguu, so wonaa Fuɗnaange-rewo, ina mballita e miijo laamu fedde tiiɗngu tuugiiɗo e dowlaaji tokoosi.[25]: 52 Ɗoon e ɗoon, caggal nde Gowon anndinaa toɗɗagol mum, Aminu wallitii e yuɓɓinde jeewte e "ardiiɓe miijo" Fuɗnaange to Kaduna, tawi ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe laamu e politikaaji Republique gadano. Yeewtere ndee rewi ko e njiimaandi laamu kesu nguu, tawi ko binndanɗe yeewtere ƴettaaɗe, peeñninaama ngam ƴeewtaade, waylude, walla salaade fedde ndee. Ko adii noddaango goomu ad hoc Gowon, fedde yeewtere ndee yeewtidii e toɓɓere dowlaaji kesi, Aminu suɓaama ngam ardaade goomu nguu. Aminu woni wakiliijo fedde Kaduna nder kawtal Ad Hoc to Lagos, ɓe hokki wasiyaaji maɓɓe ngam sosde lesɗe 12 haa 14, 7 ngam Fuunaange, 5 ngam Fuunaange. Kono, e joofnirde, batu nguu feccii dowlaaji ɗii no fotiri, 6 wonande Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange fof. E nder lebbi ɗiɗi gadani laamu Gowon, Aminu waɗii e makko batuuji tati ceertuɗi. Aranndeere nden hawti bee delegaasiyon yimɓe sappo diga Fuunaange, ɗiɗaɓre nden bana tergal Goomu Ad Hoc, kawtal tataɓal ngal hawti bee Aminu nder goomu jowi yimɓe Fuunaange, ardii ɗum Sir Kashim Ibrahim, gonnooɗo siyaasaaku NPC e Governor siwil cakkitiiɗo dow convened Northern Naajeeriya, ardii ɗum laamu fedde tiiɗnde e ngootaagu ngenndi.[10]: 237–241 Nde wonnoo Fuɗnaange ina jokki e wallitde laamu fedde tiiɗnde, caggal nde Gowon heɓi nafoore mum e delegaasiyoŋ Ibraahiima, e Hirnaange kadi ina jokki e wallitde caggal nde mawɗo Awolowo haa jooni "ardi" e miijo ngoo, ko diiwaan Fuɗnaange tan heddii e luulndaade. Igbo en ɓurɓe heewde Fuɗnaange ina njoginoo ŋakkeende hoolaare e laamu nguu, ina gasa tawa ko sabu fitinaaji "pogrom-like" ɗi ɓe muñnoo ko juuti caggal kuudetaa lewru sulyee, ɗi soldateeɓe fenaande yiɗɓe yoɓde kuudetaa lewru janvier mbaɗi. E nder winndannde makko ñalnde 4 oktoobar 1966, Aminu winnditii "Ko ɓuri mettude e muñal konu. Jaawgol e golle ina ɗaɓɓi. Fuɗnaange ina woni e laawol seertude." E nder etaade yaawnude gartugol laamu siwil, Aminu ɓadtiima ardiiɓe Goomu Ad Hoc, Awolowo (Hirnaange), Kashim Ibrahiima (Fuɗnaange), Anthony Enahoro (Caka Hirnaange) e ‘Eni’ (Fuɗnaange), ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal ngam sosde laamu joofngu. Kono tan, darnde makko taƴaa ko e ɓuuɓri fitinaaji to Fuɗnaange.[10]: 240–241 [25]: 52–53 E nder geɗe tati mawɗe baɗnooɗe e fitinaaji mawɗi e hitaande 1966, ko e lewru oktoobar "ko ɓuri heewde e maayɗeele".[25]: 131 fitinaaji ɗii ko soldateeɓe Fuɗnaange e wuyɓe nokkuuji ɗii mbaɗi ɗum en, teeŋti noon e yan daba to Kano. Ko ɗum waɗi Igbo en heewɓe hoɗɓe e Fuɗnaange ndogi njalti Fuɗnaange ngam yiylaade kisal. Caggal nde ɓe muñi warngooji goɗɗi, diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo salii hootde e batuuji Ad Hoc.[25]: 52–56 [58]: 134–138 E joofnirde fitinaaji ɗii, "Ibo en fof ndogi Fuɗnaange, Hausa en Fuɗnaange". Diwgol mawngol fotde miliyoŋ Fuɗnaange addani faggudu Fuɗnaange ɓadtaade. Jaltugol ɗoon e ɗoon binnditagol, karallaagal, njulaagu, e gollotooɓe laamu, ina metti faggudu diiwaan oo no feewi, sibu sarwisaaji ɗii mbaawii tan ko heɓtude fotde 40% e tolnooji ko adii kuudetaa oo, yontereeji jeegom caggal ɗuum. Ngam wallude e safrude ndeeɗoo caɗeele, Aminu sosi Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Kano (anndiraa hannde Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Aminu Kano). Hassan Katsina, guwerneer militeer'en lesdi Fuunaange, jaɓi wallugo ngam yaawnugo kuugal ngal, Maitama Sule hokki saare maako bana nokkuure arandeere nde janngirde nde'e woni. Ina jeyaa e yimɓe woɗɓe wallitɓe eɓɓaande ndee, Sarkin Kano Ado Bayero, Aminu Dantata, Sani Gezawa, Inuwa Wada, e Tanko Yakasai. Aminu e hoore mum rokkii eɓɓaande ndee 250 mbuuɗu, tawi darnde mum fof ina tolnoo e 4 000 mbuuɗu. Aminu woni hooreejo duɗal ngal haa o maayi e hitaande 1983. Gooto e almuɓɓe duɗal ngal ɓurɓe teskinde ko Aliko Dangote, Afriknaajo ɓurɗo alɗude.[59][60] E fuɗɗoode lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Diiso Toowngo Konu (SMC) yuɓɓinii batu to Aburi, Ganaa, ngu daartoowo biyeteeɗo Max Siollun siftini wonde "diisnondiral doosgal daartol, ngal nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni sabaabu renndo e politik leydi Nijeer".[58]:-153 Batu nguu ɓuri waawde tawtoreede ko Ljukdum Ojuklo. Guwerneer Militeer Fuɗnaange, baɗɗo miijooji keewɗi. E nder ɗeen miijooji, ɓurɗi teeŋtude heen ko wonde diiwanuuji ɗii ina poti jaɓde kala kuule jowitiiɗe e mum en e ko fayi arde, tawa kadi denndaangal kuule gonɗe heen ɗee, luulndiiɗe ndeeɗoo feere, ina poti momteede. Ɗeeɗoo miijooji, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ƴaañde ndimaagu diiwaan oo, keɓii nanondiral gootal hakkunde denndaangal lanndaaji SMC. Kono nde Gowon arti Lagos, "gollotooɓe laamu makko ina mbeltii e luggiɗde e ballal makko e Ojukwu". Ndeen noon, nanondiral Aburi ngal meeɗaa huutoreede, ɗum addani jokkondiral hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde ndee ɓeydaade bonde.[25]: 56–57 [58]: 151–159 Nde ɗum jokki, Aminu; Yuusuf Tarka, hooreejo UMBC; Aliyu Makaman Bida, politik NPC ɓurɗo mawnude e wuurde ; e Umaru Dikko, hono binndoowo maɓɓe, ina njillondiri e Fuɗnaange ngam humpitaade yimɓe ɓee geɗe jooni ɗee, ko ɓuri teeŋtude kadi, ngam haɗde jeewte seertude e Fedde ndee. Jaɓɓungal ngal ina waɗi jeewte jamaanu e jokkondirde e amiiruuji e mawɓe diiwaan oo.[30]: 136 Ɓooytaani caggal njillu nguu, Aminu majjii ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Isa Wali e lewru feebariyee, baaba mum majjii e lewru mee.[10]: 246–250 [25]: Ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 1967, Gowon habri feccugol leydi Nijeer e dowlaaji sappo e ɗiɗi. Ko ɗum huunde nde leƴƴi pamari ɗi diiwanuuji nay mumtuɗi ɗii mawnini no feewi.[25]: 390 [61] Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii (FEC) sosaa ngam golloraade e les njiimaandi Diiso Toowngo Konu. FEC ina waɗi jooɗaniiɓe siwil en toɗɗaaɓe e nder kala diiwaan, ina poti wonde junngo njuɓɓudi laamu nguu. Aminu toɗɗaama ngam laataago wakiliijo lesdi Kano, o hokkaama darnde Komisinaajo Fedde nde'e ngam jokkirli.[10]: 253–254 === Hare nder leydi (1967-1970) === Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya Balɗe tati caggal feccere diiwanuuji ɗii, Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko Republique de Biafra.[25]: 390 Caggal nde laamu nguu fooli eɓɓooji mum e "action police", Military-Government jaabtii e blockades. Caggal ɗuum, konu Biafran yani, heɓti laamu dowla hakkundeejo hirnaange (Bendel), ɗum addani Gowon bayyinde wolde.[58]: 162 E nder wolde ndee fof, Aminu ina jokki e wonde tergal FEC. O ardii goomu soodgol kaɓirɗe, tawi ina waɗi yah-ngartaa keewɗo e nder winndere ndee, haa arti noon e Orop, Amerik, Dental Sowiyet, e Afrik worgo, ngam kaaldigal e nanondiral kaɓirɗe.[62][63][64][4] E lewru mee 1968, Aminu tawtoraama yeewtere jam hakkunde Nijeer e Biafra yuɓɓinaande to Kampala, Uganndaa, hitaande wootere caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele. Chinua Achebe, winndiyanke Naajeeriya mawɗo, tawtoraama kadi yeewtere nde e nder delegaasiyoŋ Biafran. Ngolɗoo batu ko ngol woni go’o ko Achebe ina hawra e Aminu, o siftini : Miɗo siftora no feewi nde njiy-mi Aminu Kano mo delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya ina jooɗii yeeso ina ndaara mette no feewi. Ɗum ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri tiiɗde e ko gorko oo waɗi e am, so en ƴeewtindiima yimɓe hono mawɗo Enahoro mo wonnoo gardiiɗo delegaasiyoŋ oo ina ƴattondiri e jaaltaaɓe, haa arti noon e Asika. Aminu Kano wayi ko no seertuɗo nii; goonga noon, omo wayi no omo ndaara e nder windo. Nde gollodiiɓe makko ina kaala mawnikinaare e 6uu6ol e 6uu6ol men, Aminu Kano ina dee/i, ina 6uu6too.[65]: 138 Oo ko gorko mo weltaaki e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof walla no haala kaa yahrata. Ndeen pottital waɗii e am maande nde momtataa e Aminu Kano, e jikku makko e hakkille makko.[66] Aminu ɓadtiima hare ndee wonaa hare hakkunde leñol Igbo walla Diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɓooyɗo, kono ko hare seertude. E nder konngol makko ngol o haali e janngooɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abdullahi Bayero to Kano e lewru feebariyee 1970, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe, e laamu nguu, yo ɓe peewnu no haanirta nii ngam gartugol Biafranaaɓe. Aminu teeŋtinii : Ina woodi caɗeele naatgol Ibo en. Ɓe ngummii ko feccere mawnde e ndii leydi, ko heewi e ko ɓe ngummii ko koɗdiiɗo nokku oo ƴetti ɗum. Hol ko ɓe poti waɗde? Ɗum ina waɗi nafoore nde tawnoo eɗen kaɓa e maɓɓe ngam heddaade e leydi Nijeer. Min ɗon wi'a, "A waawataa yahugo. A foti heddaago Naajeeriya." So ɓe ngartii, mbele aɗa waawi haɗde ɓe jogaade geɗe walla leydi ? A waawaa waɗde noon. Hol no Ibo common waawirta ƴettude ɗuum? Ɓe mbiyi: “Min njiɗi ko yahde.” Min mbi'i, "Aa'a, sey a hedda haa lesdi Naajeeriya." Ɓe mbi'a: “Jooni min ngartii.” Hol ko mbaɗaten? Ko ɗeen ngoni caɗeele potɗe dañeede. Wonaa caɗeele koyɗe. Wonataa wiyde koɗorɗe to Sabon Gari, koɗorɗe to Tudun Wada, koɗorɗe to Kaduna ina toppitie. Mbele ɓe ngartat? E nder njulaagu maɓɓe? E yiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ngam jooɗaade e leydi Naajeeriya? Ɓiɓɓe men worɓe e rewɓe heewɓe njahii maayii e innde kawtal ngam haɓaade Ibos en e nder leydi Najeriya. Mbele aɗa waawi ostracize ɓe jooni? A waawaa. Hol ko njahataa waɗde? Hol ko woni porogaraam mon? Aɗa foti fuɗɗoraade peewnugol gila jooni. Heewaani ot wiyde, "Oh eey, eɓe ngarta."[8]: 356 === Reformeeji e nder diiwaan Kano === E nder diiwaan Kano keso oo, wonno ko limtooji ɗiɗi laamu ngenndi e sahaa laamu Gowon. Ɓeen ngoni Audu Bako, guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan Kano, e Aminu, komisariyaajo siwil e tergal FEC.[8]: 339 Reformeeji keewɗi mbaɗaama e nder Dowla oo, haa teeŋti noon e to bannge Emiraaji. Ñaawirɗe alkali ɓooyɗe ɗee lomtinaama ñaawirɗe nokkuuji, ñaawirde amiir oo fusi. Polis fedde nde e polis emiraaji ɗii kawri, mbaɗtaa e les njiimaandi komisariyaajo polis, toɗɗaaɗo e laamu fedde ndee. Diiwanuuji Emiraaji ɗii ndenndinaama e nokkuuji 8 njuɓɓudi, heen gooto fof ina jogii ofisee diiwaan toɗɗaaɗo, gardiiɗo binndoowo guwerneer militeer. Laamu ngenndi lomtinaama e laamu nokkuyankeewu (LGA), tawi ɓuri heen heewde ko Diiso Emiraaji e Goomu kuuɓtodinngu. Diiso Emiraaji ina waɗi tergal 40 tawi ko amiir woni hooreejo mum. Fotde tataɓe ɗiɗi e terɗe diiso ngoo ko nulaaɓe diiwanuuji, cuɓaama e woote. Diiso ngoo fof ko guwerneer militeer en toɗɗii ɗum e fuɗɗoode.[8]: 341–351 Hay so tawii doole amiir oo ustaama to Kano, haa teeŋti noon e fannu ñaawoore, omo jogii haa hannde doole keewɗe to bannge LGA. O joginoo ko mbaawka toɗɗaade denndaangal ardiiɓe diiwanuuji ɗii, omo waawi kadi waɗde heen geɗe kuuɓtodinɗe e doosɗe leydi e nder denndaangal tolnooji. Bako hollitii geɗe mum tati politik jowitiiɗe e peeje : hisnude geɗe ɓurɗe moƴƴude e laamu emiraaji gaadanteeji to Kano, ɓamtude wonɓe e laamu nguu e ɓesngu nguu rewrude e wakilaagu ; e waɗde ko tiiɗi e haɗooɓe laamu nguu. Hay so tawii Aminu haalaani e yeeso yimɓe fof ɗeen peeje, o anndaaka no feewi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe peeje. Heewɓe e miijooji makko gadani ko fayti e ustude laamu emiraaji ina mbaawi yiyeede e njuɓɓudi kesiri Dowla Kano, miijooji makko e ittude leydi e doole ñaawoore e nder emiraaji ina nganndaa no feewi.[8]: 341–351 [4] Bako ina wayi no toɗɗiima komisariyaaji makko tuugiiɗi e Aminud6. === Laamu Muhammadu (1975—1976) e laamu Obasanjo (1976—1979) === Caggal nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele joofi, o heɓi golle Komiseriyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Cellal e hitaande 1971. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa laamu fuɗɗii e dow Gowon, tawi Gowon ina lomtoo leydi Nijeer e batu 12ɓo Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik to Kampala. Murtala Muhammadu anndinaama hooreejo leydi e juuɗe kuudetaa en ñalnde 30 sulyee 1975.[58]: 175–183 Muhammadu waraa e kuudetaa mo ronkaama hitaande caggal ɗuum, lomtii mo ko cukko makko, hono Olusegun Obasanjo:[5]. Ko adii maayde makko, Muhammadu sosi Goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi (CDC) halfinaaɗo ƴettude doosɗe leydi kese ngam heblude laamu siwil. E lewru ut 1976, Obasanjo habri sosde Asaambele doosɗe ngam ƴeewtaade eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndi CDC feewni. Wooteeji ngam suɓaade Asaambele ngenndi mbaɗaama, kanndidaaji ɗii cuɓaama e Komiseer Fiilngo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FEDECO) keso oo. Aminu suɓaama, o suɓaama e dow jam.[4] Asaambele oo waɗii batuuji hakkunde oktoobar 1977 e lewru suwee 1978. Eɓɓaande doosgal Asaambele ndee yettinaama e Diiso Toowngo Konu e lewru ut. Caggal nde SMC jaɓi waylooji 17 eɓɓaande ndee, doosgal kesal ngal hollitaama e lewru suwee 1978.[68] "Haɗeede politik" kadi ustaama e oon ñalawma gooto, Naajeeriyankooɓe cemmbinaama ngam sosde lanndaaji politik ngam heblude wooteeji hitaande aroore ndee.[69]: 16 === Ndenndaandi ɗiɗaɓiri (1979—1983) === Caggal nde Seneraal Muhammadu hollitii peeje mum ngam artirde laamu siwil e hitaande 1979, Aminu yettini jokkondiral mum ngam sosde fedde politik. O jokki kadi e jokkondiral e pelle janngooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala.[69]: 50 Aminu caggal mum naati e fedde politik wiyeteende Mouvement National nde wonnoo ko yimɓe mawɓe, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange. Fedde ndee ko lomto toŋngoode fedde yeewtere Kaduna sosaande caggal kuudetaa 1966 mo joofni Republique gadano oo. Fedde ndee waɗii batuuji sirlu e nder ooɗoo sahaa fof, haa arti noon e noddirde yimɓe politik mawɓe to bannge worgo leydi ndii ngam « sosde lannda ngenndiijo goonga ». Caggal nde haɗeede politik ustaa e lewru suwee 1978, lomto mum, hono lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN), sosaa.[30]: 206–207 [69]: 57–58 === Sosde PRP === Ñalnde heen ko adii udditgol NPN kono, Aminu yalti fedde nde ngam sosde, ina waɗa batu to Yaba, Lagos. NPN yaawi neldude Joseph Tarka e Inuwa Wada (koɗo mawniiko) ngam waawnude mo yo o hoot. Aminu jaɓi neldude wallidiiɓe joy to udditgol ngol nde o jokki e joɗnde makko, o meeɗaa hootde to NPN.[30]: 207 Sabaabuuji laaɓtuɗi gaddanɗi Aminu yaltude NPN ina keddii, kono ina woodi miijooji ceertuɗi ceertuɗi. E wiyde Shehu Shagari, tergal gadanal e nder NPN, caggal ɗuum kanndidaa gooto e lannda kaa, batu nguu, ko adii nde laamu nguu fuɗɗotoo, hollitii wonde won terɗe goomu toppitiingu nguu ina poti jogaade golle keertiiɗe e nder dumunna. Aminu ko mawɗo Adisa Akinloye suɓi ɗum ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe. Kono, o suɓiima ɗoon e ɗoon Tanko Yakasai, gonnooɗo tergal NEPU mo o miijii ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo moƴƴude e oon darnde nde tawnoo omo jogii humpito jowitiingo e ɗuum. NPN hollitii wonde miijo Akinloye ngoo addani Aminu woppude laamu nde tawnoo ina sikkaa ko « tooñde darnde makko ngenndiire ». Shagari siftinii ndee firo ko "deduction plausible kono ko feewti e majjere".[30]: 207 PRP caggal ɗuum wiyi wonde ndee firo ko fenaande sabu darnde ndee ina waawi rokkude Aminu "plateforme moƴƴo ngam mahngo natal".[69]: 58–59 Yiyngo ngoɗngo e haala kaa ummii ko e sehilaaɓe politik Aminu, haa teeŋti noon e Kano, ko wayi no Lawan Dambazau, Lili Gabari, Dauda Dangalan, e Sabo Bakin Zuwo. E wiyde maɓɓe, nde o anndi Aminu saliima hootde to NPN, Aminu Dantata yaawi yahde Kano, o noddi batu to galle makko e yimɓe heewɓe teeŋtuɓe, ina heen jom en njulaagu, politik, gollotooɓe laamu, e annduɓe ummoriiɓe Kano. Faandaare ndeeɗoo hawriinde ko yiylaade laabi ngam waawde waawnude Aminu ngam nanondirde e NPN. Tawtoraaɓe heewɓe mbaɗti yeewtidde e haala kaa, e wiyde mo yo o hawru e lannda kaa. Dr. Ibrahim Datti Ahmed, gonnooɗo hooreejo-General Diisnondiral toowngal ngam Sharia e nder leydi Nijeer, o rokkaama fartaŋŋe haalde, e wiyde Dambazau, "o ñaawii Mallam Aminu no gaño worgo; gaño juɓɓule aadaaji; gaño mo, theNP ɓe mbaawaano". Dambazau teskiima hay gooto daranaaki Aminu, etaade haɗde Datti e nder haala mum. Caggal haala Datti, Aminu fawi hoore mum, batu nguu jippii e jiiɓru, ɗum addani ngu jokkude haa janngo mum.[41]: 59–60 Aminu rafi ko adii batu garoowo, o woni e leeso balɗe. E nder rafi makko, wallidiiɓe Aminu ummoriiɓe nokkuuji ceertuɗi e nder leydi ndii, ina jeyaa heen Balarabe Muusa (mo Kaduna), A.D Yahya, Ananobi (mo Port Harcourt), B.K. Benson (ummo Lagos), e Dandatti Abdulkadir, Dahiru Liman, e Dambazau (kamɓe fof ummiiɓe Kano), kawri to Kano ngam yeewtidde e makko e geɗe garooje ɗe o jogori rewde.[41]: 60–62 Waɗooɓe Aminu yuɓɓinii batu mawngu, caggal ɗuum ɓe inniri ɗum Taron Rami, firti ko "batu diƴƴe". Tawaaɓe e ndeeɗoo batu ciftinii wonde Aminu ina tooña, ina hormaa NPN e terɗe mum, ɗum addani mo ƴettude kuulal ngam sosde lannda mum politik. Wowooɓe e hiirde nde ko Dambazau, Usmaan Nagado, e Abuubakar Rimi. Hay so tawii o rafii e leeso, Aminu neldi nulaaɓe e nder ngenndi ndii ngam jokkondirde e wallidiiɓe makko e wondiiɓe makko ngam yeewtidde e golle garooje ɗee. Caggal jaabawuuli moƴƴi, o sosi goomu ngam lelnude golle lannda kaa. Lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP) udditaa to Kaduna ñalnde 21 oktoobar 1978, tawi ina noddira senndikaaji radikal en, artisaneeɓe, remooɓe, jannginooɓe yahruɓe yeeso, jaayndiyankooɓe, winndooɓe, e wonnooɓe terɗe NEPU e nder renndo mum. Terɗe lannda ka arandeeji tedduɗi ina mbaɗi yimɓe mawɓe e nder leydi ndii kala, ko wayi no Sam Ikoku, Abubakar Rimi, Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Yusufu Bala Usman, Umaru Musa Yar’Adua, Sule Lamido, Ghali Umar Na’Abba, Sabo Bakin Zuke, Michael Im Udditgol ngol e lewru Oktoobar ina wiyee addani "yimɓe heewɓe ɓe ngoongɗinaaka e nder kala fannu nguurndam."[41]: 62–65 [69]: 56–58 === 1979 suɓol leydi Najeriya === Winndannde mawnde: Suɓngo hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1979 Wooteeji mbaɗaama hakkunde 7 lewru juko e 11 lewru bowte hitaande 1979. Ko lanndaaji joy tan mbaawi tawtoreede ɗeen wooteeji, so wonaa NPN e PRP, tati keddiiɗi ɗii ko Awolowo ardii lannda ngootaagu leydi Najeriya (UPN), Azikiwe ardii lannda yimɓe leydi Najeriya (NPP), e lannda leñol Nijeer (NPP), e lannda leñol Najeriya mawɗo ( Wahirid People's Party). NPC ko politik. Suɓol ngol woni arandewol ngol waɗaama nder duuɓi 15, ngol woni arandewol nder Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya ngol rewɓe ɗon mari haaje tawtoreede. Aminu suɓaama ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP, kono FEDECO salii mo yamiroore ngam tawtoreede woote sabu ŋakkeende to bannge njoɓdi, o ɗaɓɓiraa ko yo o rokku « hujjaaji ɓurɗi laaɓtude ». Aminu salii yoɓde kala ko yowitii e njoɓdi ndi wonaa njoɓdi ndi ɓe ndokki Naajeeriya fof tawa ko e njoɓdi. O laɓɓinaama haa jooni ɓaawo bayyinaango ñaawirdu yalti ngam wallitde Aminu wiyde o waasaani yoɓde njoɓdi.[70][71] Ina ɓeydoo laaɓtude wonde NPN ina « jogori heɓde laamu » nde wooteeji ɗii njahrata yeeso. Caggal nde lannda kaa heɓi nafoore mawnde e wooteeji Asaambele ngenndi, lanndaaji tawtoraaɗi ɗii puɗɗii eɓɓude e sosde nanondiral. Ñalnde 28 sulyee, lanndaaji tati e nder lanndaaji joy ɗii — woni UPN, NPP, e GNPP — kawri to Lagos ngam waɗde fedde ngam haɓaade NPN. PRP noddaama ngam naatde e ndee fedde kono jaabaaki.[72] Ko nanndi e ɗuum, ko NPN ƴetti e PRP rewrude e Shehu Shagari, kanndidaa NPN ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi. E nder deftere makko, o wiyi o waɗii ndee eɓɓaande ko nde Aminu woni e etaade heɓde FEDECO ngam laaɓtinde mo. O etinooma faamnude Aminu yo yaltu e woote gardagol leydi « nde tawnoo enen ɗiɗo fof eɗen nganndi fartaŋŋe makko ina ŋakki ». E nder ɗuum, PRP ina waawi ɓurde tiiɗnaade e wooteeji goɗɗi ɗii, e « tawtoreede laamu fedde NPN ». E wiyde Shagari, Aminu jaɓii kono ko e sarɗiiji ɗiɗi : maa o yeewtid e terɗe lannda makko, o ɗaɓɓa yamiroore, kadi o luulnda kuulal ngal FEDECO ƴetti e ñaawirdu ngam « daranaade innde makko moƴƴere ». Aminu laɓɓinaama ñalnde 1 ut 1979, waktuuji seeɗa ko adii lajal toɗɗagol hooreejo leydi. O ummiima Kano o fayti Lagos ñalnde heen ngam waɗde kaayitaaji makko to FEDECO. Ɗum addani Shagari wiyde wonde PRP jaɓaani nanondiral maɓɓe ngal.[30]: 225 [73][74]: 90 Woote hooreleydaagu baɗnooɗe ñalnde 11 ut, Aminu heɓi tan ko e nder diiwaan mum Kano, ɗo o dañi 76% e wooteeji ɗii. E nder leydi ndii fof, o dañii 1 732 113 woote, ko ina tolnoo e 10% e wooteeji ɗi o heɓi ɗii fof.[69]: 187 PRP ƴettii woote ɗee no hare e nder Kano nii, o waɗii kampaañ propagande yaajɗo ngam ɓamtude ndeeɗoo daartol, addani lannda oo heɓde nafoore mawnde e nder leydi ndii dowla.<ref name=":326">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 110 <ref name=":332">{{Cite book|last=Mwakikagile|first=Godfrey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqTjUjdvTQwC|title=Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria|date=2001|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-56072-967-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bienen|first=Henry|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalconflic0000bien|title=Political conflict and economic change in Nigeria|date=1985|publisher=London, England; Totowa, N.J. : F. Cass|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-135-17409-5}}</ref>: 83 Yanti heen, PRP heɓi nafooje e wooteeji ɗiɗi guwerneeruuji : [[Abubakar Rimi]] to [[Kano]] (e 79% e wooteeji) e [[Balarabe Musa]] to [[Kaduna]] (e 45% e wooteeji). E wiyde Shagari, Aminu ko kampaañ baawɗo golle, tee "ina teskii yimɓe no feewi, ina yurminii ɓe no feewi" kono o waawaano ɓurde nafoore e nder leydi ndii fof sabu "PRP makko ina ŋakki njuɓɓudi mawndi e kaɓirɗe potɗe huutoreede ngam kampaañ moƴƴo e nder leydi ndii kala".<ref name=":303">{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 223 Ñalnde 16 lewru nduu, FEDECO yaltini njeñtudi woote gardagol leydi ndii. Shagari hollitaama ko kañum heɓi 5 688 857 woote e nder leydi ndii kala.<ref name=":325">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 139 === Jaabawuuli === Anndinoore FEDECO ndee ina waɗi luural, sibu Azikiwe, lomtii lanndaaji nay ɗi keɓaani nafoore, salii "e nder mum fof, tawa alaa ko heddii heen, bayyinaango Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] wonde hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo".<ref name=":322">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 145 <ref>{{Cite web|title=NIGERIA: UNSUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES OPPOSE DECLARATION OF NEW PRESIDENT BY ELECTORAL COMMISSION.|url=https://reuters.screenocean.com/record/1053477|access-date=2024-03-01|website=Reuters Archive Licensing|language=en|type=video}}</ref> Ñaawirde Supree e Awolo app eeraango.<ref name=":323">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 148 Caggal nde Shagari bayyinaa wonde hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo, kawral hakkunde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii, tawi jooni ina jeyaa heen PRP, tiiɗtii, ɗum addani NPN laamɗo oo yiylaade kawral mum. Ɓe ɓami lanndaaji nay keddiiɗi ɗii ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal, ko PRP adii jaɓde, e wiyde Shagari. Kono ko NPP Azikiwe joofni e ‘nanondiral’ e lannda laamu nguu. Sarɗiiji nanondiral ngal, ko wakili’en lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii njoofni ñalnde 22 ut, balɗe ɗiɗi caggal nde Azikiwe haali konngol mum ngam salaade bayyinaango Shagari. Batuuji jowitiiɗi e sarɗiiji nanondiral ngal puɗɗii ko ñalnde 20 ut, ñalngu nguu konngol ngol waɗi. E wiyde daartoowo biyeteeɗo [[Oyeleye Oyediran]], gooto e nanondiral baɗngal e nder batuuji ɗii ko feewti e Aminu, holliri wonde "peeje keertiiɗe ina poti waɗeede ngam Alhaji Aminu Kano, hooreejo PRP, ko lannda makko ngam naatde e fedde nde."<ref name=":324">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 156–158 Ko ɓuri hitaande e nder laamu Shagari, nanondiral NPN-NPP ngal yanii hay so tawii lannda laamu nguu rokkii terɗe NPP geɗe ardorde teeŋtuɗe. Nanondiral ngal joofi ko ñalnde 6 sulyee 1981, caggal nanondiral hakkunde lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii.<ref name=":348">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === PRP feccii === Won e lebbi e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓo, guwerneeruuji 9 ummoriiɗi e UPN, GNPP, e PRP mbaɗii batuuji lewru kala ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte e ɓe ndarni wullitaango maɓɓe e laamu Shagari. Ɓeen guwerneeruuji njiytiraa ko no luulndo politik ɓurngo mawnude e lannda laamu nguu. Ɗum addani PRP jiiɓru nde tawnoo ardiiɓe lannda ka ɓurɓe waawde – hooreejo mum Aminu e Sekereteer mum ngenndiijo, S.G. Ikoku – teeŋtinii gollondiral e NPN, won heen terɗe ɓurɗe radikal, ina heen guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii, [[Abubakar Rimi]] e [[Balarabe Musa]], kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe terɗe niver the Goun N luulndii kala sifaa gollondiral.<ref name=":349">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Feddeeji ɗiɗi mbaɗi e nder lannda kaa. Fedde 'radical' ndee ko ɓuri heewde ko "ina tiiɗi e waylo-waylo radikal e doosɗe sosiyaalist en." Ɓe njoginoo ko yiɗde "jokkondiral udditiingal hakkunde doole kisal". Ina waɗi heen yoga e terɗe sosɗe lannda kaa, ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji mayru, annduɓe mayri teeŋtuɓe, e guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii. Nde wonnoo fedde woɗnde ndee ko terɗe lannda ɓurɗe teskin’de e miijooji ceertuɗi. Ɓe cemmbini ‘neɗɗaagu demokaraasi’ ɓurngu yooɗde e Aminu Kano, ɓe njogii ko miijo wonde haɓde e laamu Shagari “ina foti rokkude, ko famɗi fof, e oo sahaa, ko foti wonde darnde ngootaagu ngenndi e gollondiral hakkunde lanndaaji.” Ndee fedde ina waɗi leftist en mawɓe—hono Ikoku—njulaagu, annduɓe, e terɗe lannda goɗɗe lolluɗe e Aminu.<ref name=":3410">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Joseph|first=Richard A.|url=http://archive.org/details/democracyprebend0000jose|title=Democracy and prebendal politics in Nigeria : the rise and fall of the Second Republic|date=1987|publisher=Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-34136-3}}</ref>: 143 Fedde radikal ndee wiyetee ko Santsi (‘slippery’ e ɗemngal Hausa) caggal nde Aminu wiyi ɓe ngoni ko e ŋoral ŋoral. Rimi jaabii ndeen wonde ‘won e ardiiɓe lanndaaji’ ‘ina njuɓɓina e nder loope’, ko ɗum waɗi fedde daraniiɓe Aminu ndee ina wiyee Taɓo (‘loope’ e ɗemngal Hausa).<ref name=":282">{{Cite book|last=Auwalu|first=Anwar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYurDwAAQBAJ|title=Politics as Dashed Hopes in Nigeria|date=2019-08-23|publisher=Safari Books Ltd|isbn=978-978-55986-5-0|language=en}}</ref>: 432 <ref>{{Cite news|last=Jega|first=Mahmud|title=Red, Blue and Swing States|url=https://issuu.com/thisdaylive/docs/tdla_0116_5adc568f6292ba|work=Thisday Newspapers|pages=48}}</ref> E nder ndunngu 1980, nde Aminu woni caggal leydi ngam safrude, ardorde PRP haɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii tawtoreede batuuji guwerneeruuji jeenay ɗii. Nde o arti, o waawaano jokkondirde hakkunde pelle ɗiɗi ɗee, o jokkondiri e fedde Taɓo, o jaɓi heen golle sosngo lannda. Nde guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo ɗii ndartini tawtoreede batuuji ɗii hay so tawii ko yamiroore nde, ɓe ndiiwaa e lannda kaa. E nder jaabawol, fedde Santsi, wiynde ko PRP goonga, noddi batu lannda e lewru desaambar 1980, ɗo ɓe ndiiwi Aminu e Ikoku, ɓe lomtini ɗum en mawɗo [[Michael Imoudu|Michael Imodu]] e [[Abubakar Rimi]]. Kono, hay so tawii noon ko heewi e depiteeji PRP ina ngondi e fedde Santsi, FEDECO jaɓii Aminu wonde hooreejo PRP laawɗuɗo.<ref name=":347">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":346">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 13 [[File:Aminu Kano and Abubakar Rimi.jpg|thumb|Aminu e Abuubakar rimi. Ina gasa tawa ƴettaa ko adii nde lannda kaa feccata.]] Feddeeji ɗiɗi mbaɗi e nder lannda kaa. Fedde 'radical' ndee ko ɓuri heewde ko "ina tiiɗi e waylo-waylo radikal e doosɗe sosiyaalist en." Ɓe njoginoo ko yiɗde "jokkondiral udditiingal hakkunde doole kisal". Ina waɗi heen yoga e terɗe sosɗe lannda kaa, ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji mayru, annduɓe mayri teeŋtuɓe, e guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii. Nde wonnoo fedde woɗnde ndee ko terɗe lannda ɓurɗe teskin’de e miijooji ceertuɗi. Ɓe cemmbini ‘neɗɗaagu demokaraasi’ ɓurngu yooɗde e Aminu Kano, ɓe njogii ko miijo wonde haɓde e laamu Shagari “ina foti rokkude, ko famɗi fof, e oo sahaa, ko foti wonde darnde ngootaagu ngenndi e gollondiral hakkunde lanndaaji.” Ndee fedde ina waɗi leftist en mawɓe—hono Ikoku—njulaagu, annduɓe, e terɗe lannda goɗɗe lolluɗe e Aminu.<ref name=":345">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Joseph|first=Richard A.|url=http://archive.org/details/democracyprebend0000jose|title=Democracy and prebendal politics in Nigeria : the rise and fall of the Second Republic|date=1987|publisher=Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-34136-3}}</ref>: 143 Fedde radikal ndee wiyetee ko Santsi (‘''slippery''’ e ɗemngal Hausa) caggal nde Aminu wiyi ɓe ngoni ko e ŋoral ŋoral. Rimi jaabii ndeen wonde ‘won e ardiiɓe lanndaaji’ ‘ina njuɓɓina e nder loope’, ko ɗum waɗi fedde daraniiɓe Aminu ndee ina wiyee Taɓo (‘loope’ e ɗemngal Hausa).<ref name=":28">{{Cite book|last=Auwalu|first=Anwar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYurDwAAQBAJ|title=Politics as Dashed Hopes in Nigeria|date=2019-08-23|publisher=Safari Books Ltd|isbn=978-978-55986-5-0|language=en}}</ref>: 432 <ref>{{Cite news|last=Jega|first=Mahmud|title=Red, Blue and Swing States|url=https://issuu.com/thisdaylive/docs/tdla_0116_5adc568f6292ba|work=Thisday Newspapers|pages=48}}</ref> E nder ndunngu 1980, nde Aminu woni caggal leydi ngam safrude, ardorde PRP haɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii tawtoreede batuuji guwerneeruuji jeenay ɗii. Nde o arti, o waawaano jokkondirde hakkunde pelle ɗiɗi ɗee, o jokkondiri e fedde Taɓo, o jaɓi heen golle sosngo lannda. Nde guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo ɗii ndartini tawtoreede batuuji ɗii hay so tawii ko yamiroore nde, ɓe ndiiwaa e lannda kaa. E nder jaabawol, fedde Santsi, wiynde ko PRP goonga, noddi batu lannda e lewru desaambar 1980, ɗo ɓe ndiiwi Aminu e Ikoku, ɓe lomtini ɗum en mawɗo [[Michael Imoudu|Michael Imodu]] e [[Abubakar Rimi]]. Kono, hay so tawii noon ko heewi e depiteeji PRP ina ngondi e fedde Santsi, FEDECO jaɓii Aminu wonde hooreejo PRP laawɗuɗo.<ref name=":344">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jr.|first=C S Whitaker|url=http://archive.org/details/perspectivesonse0000unse|title=Perspectives on the second republic in Nigeria|date=1981|publisher=Waltham, Mass. : Crossroads Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-918456-43-4}}</ref>: 13 === 1981 Kano fitina === Ñalnde 7 sulyee 1981, guwerneer Rimi yaltini ɓataake feewde e ''Emir'' [[Kano]], hono [[Ado Bayero]], ina tuuma ɗum wonde o anniyaaki hormaade laamu diiwaan Kano. Ɓataake oo ina ɗaɓɓi jaabawol e nder waktuuji 48 ngam hollirde hol ko waɗi kuule diisnondiral fotaani ƴetteede. Ɓataake oo siforaama e jaaynde wiyeteende ''West Africa'' wonde « ɓuri waasde hormaade... ina fotnoo wasiyaade binndoowo, kono... ina fotnoo haaldude e hooreejo aadaaji e diine [teddinaaɗo] ». Diineeji e hakkillaaji goɗɗi cemmbinɗi kadi ñiŋii ɓataake oo, kam e kaalirde fedde Taɓo. NPN huutoriima ngonka kaa ko yaawi, e wiyde "yimɓe moƴƴuɓe" yo "rewru e juɓɓule mum en gaadanteeje".<ref name=":343">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Fitinaaji puɗɗii ñalnde 10 sulyee 1981, to Kano, tawi ko cuuɗi laamu keewɗi wuli, ina jeyaa heen Sekretariyaa laamu leydi ndii, Rajo Kano, e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Joɗnde fedde Santsi e hoɗorɗe mawɓe e laamu Rimi kadi ko ko njiylotonoo. Doktoor [[Bala Mohammed Bauchi]], mawɗo jaagorgal Rimi to bannge politik, kadi ko kañum woni ganndo mawɗo e nder lannda ka, maayi e nder yiite ngee. Jaaynde [[Afrik]] worgo limtii bonnugol fitinaaji ɗii fof ko ₦100 miliyoŋ e nder tonngoode mum 20 sulyee 1981. Ardiiɓe fedde Santsi tuumi NPN e Aminu ko kamɓe njuɓɓini fitinaaji ɗii ngam "reende doole maɓɓe politik".<ref name=":342">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Caggal mum === Warngo Doktoor Bala Mohammed ɓeydii luggiɗde e feccere e nder PRP. Ko adii hitaande nde, Balarabe Musa, guwerneer PRP mo Kaduna, ƴaɓɓii laamu e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi NPN ɓuri heewde. E hitaande 1982, o yaltini deftere wiyeteende « Hare ngam waylude renndo e faggudu » , o tuumi heen Aminu wonde ko kañum yuɓɓini warngooji baɗnooɗi e hitaande 1981 ɗii. Musa ɓeydi heen wonde hay so tawii "denndaangal haalaaji makko, taali makko, geɗe makko, e peeje makko, Mallam Aminu Kano waawaano heɓde laamu men e ko ɓuri heewde e lannda kaa ngam janfaade Porogaraam men mawɗo oo."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Musa|first=Balarabe|author-link=Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa|url=http://archive.org/details/struggleforsocia0000musa|title=Struggle for social and economic change|date=1982|publisher=Zaria : Northern Nigerian Pub. Co.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-169-216-1}}</ref>: 162 Caggal nde terɗe keewɗe jogiiɗe doole e nder PRP riiwaa, fedde Santsi ndee feccii, sabu geɗe bayɗe no wooteeji, kiris nguurndam, e luural peeñngal. [[Abubakar Rimi]] naati e NPP Azikiwe, [[Balarabe Muusa]] etinooma jokkondirde e Aminu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Abdulraheem|first1=Tajudeen|last2=Olukoshi|first2=Adebayo|date=1986|title=The Left in Nigerian Politics and the Struggle for Socialism: 1945-1985|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4005819|journal=Review of African Political Economy|issue=37|pages=64–80|jstor=4005819|issn=0305-6244}}</ref> Musa hollitii e yeewtere 2012 wonde rafi Aminu e nder ooɗoo sahaa addi mo « ko ɓuri heewde e ko o anndaa ko woni e sara makko », ko ɗum « won e yimɓe bonɓe wonɓe e sara makko ». Muusaa siftini kadi anniya Aminu ngam yuɓɓinde batu nanondiral e galle mum, kono cellal makko bonngal haɗi ɗum, ɗum addani mo maayde haa jooni.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tilde|first=Dr Aliyu U.|date=2012-05-26|title=Interview (1): An Evening with Balarabe Musa|url=https://aliyuutilde.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/interview-1-an-evening-with-balarabe-musa/|access-date=2024-03-23|website=Discourse With Dr. Tilde|language=en}}</ref> E nder heblo woote hooreleydaagu 1983, Aminu suɓii Bola Ogunbo ngam won'de hooreejo leydi ndii, ko ngol woni go'o ko debbo ina jogori jogaade darnde e nder leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mama|first=Amina|date=1995|title=Feminism or Femocracy? State Feminism and Democratisation in Nigeria|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43657968|journal=Africa Development / Afrique et Développement|volume=20|issue=1|pages=37–58|jstor=43657968|issn=0850-3907}}</ref> Kono o sankii ko ñalnde 17 abriil 1983, lebbi keewɗi ko adii woote ɗee.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mahmud|first=Sakah S.|date=1988|editor-last=Feinstein|editor-first=Alan|title=Mallam Aminu Kano and the Politics of Change in Nigeria|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4186467|journal=Africa Today|volume=35|issue=1|pages=57–60|jstor=4186467|issn=0001-9887}}</ref> == Wade == Caggal nde o dañi rafi mboros bonɗo sabu rafi mboros cerebral, Aminu Kano sankii ñalnde 17 abriil 1983 to galle makko to [[Kano]]. O wirnaa ko ñalnde heen e nder galle makko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aminu Kano {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries|url=https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/people/historicalpeople/aminu-kano|access-date=2024-04-11|website=zodml.org}}</ref> Gila hitaande 2001, hitaande kala, ñalngu mawningol maayde makko ina waɗee e nder galle [[Mambayya]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dori|first=Gambo|date=20 April 2018|title=Musings from Aminu Kano's 35th anniversary for the 17th yr on 17th April|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/musings-from-aminu-kanos-35th-anniversary-for-the-17th-yr-on-17th-april/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Njawdi == Naajeeriya waawataa wonde noon kadi sabu Aminu Kano ina hoɗi ɗoo. — [[Chinua Achebe]], Natal [[Afrik]] / Caɗeele e [[Naajeeriya]] Batte Aminu ina njokki e ƴellitaade e nder politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ko juuti caggal maayde makko. Heewɓe e almuɓɓe makko gila e balɗe makko e nder PRP njahi haa ɓe ngonti yimɓe mawɓe e nder politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], haa teeŋti noon e jamaanu Republique nayaɓere (1999—hannde). Teskaama e nder ɓeeɗoo politikaaji ko [[Sule Lamiɗo|Sule Lamido]], gonnooɗo guwerneer Jigawa tuggi 2007 haa 2015, e teddungal Aminu, mahii ''Triangle'' Mallam Aminu Kano to [[Dutse]];<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gaya|first=Suleiman Uba|date=8 March 2015|title=Sule Lamido and the Jigawa Narrative|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/03/sule-lamido-and-the-jigawa-narrative/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]]; joginooɗo jappeere hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii tuggi3990. e ɓurɗo teeŋtude, [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]], gardinooɗo leydi Nijeer gila 2007 haa o maayi ñalnde 5 [[lewru]] mbooy hitaande 2010.<ref name=":317">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adekaiyaoja|first=Afolabi|date=2022-07-07|title=Rabiu Kwankwaso and the Legacy of Aminu Kano|url=https://republic.com.ng/june-july-2022/kwankwaso-kano/|access-date=2024-04-25|website=The Republic|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ina gasa tawa maande ɓurnde tiiɗde e batte Aminu jokkuɗe e politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ina yiyee e nder diiwaan makko [[Kano]]. Politiyankooɓe yiɗɓe ballal ''talakawa'' ina keewi wiyde ko kamɓe ngoni ‘lomtiiɓe Aminu Kano’, tawi ko gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan [[Kano]] e ƴamoowo hooreejo leydi [[Rabiu Kwankwaso]] woni yeru maantinɗo.<ref name=":316">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":352">{{Cite web|last=Tilde|first=Dr Aliyu U.|date=2012-06-15|title=Interview (4): Kwankwaso|url=https://aliyuutilde.wordpress.com/2012/06/15/interview-4-kwankwaso/|access-date=2024-04-25|website=Discourse With Dr. Tilde|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Kwankwasiyya May 29 2011.jpeg|thumb|Natal ngal ƴettaa ko to [[Kano]] e sahaa nde Kwankwaso toɗɗaa e gardagol guwerneer Kano e hitaande 2011, ngalɗoo natal ina hollita almuɓɓe makko, anndiraaɓe [[Kwankwasiyya]]. Ɓe mbeltiniri cappanɗe boɗeeje, limce daneeje, e paɗe ɓaleeje, ɗe njibinaama e mbaydi siyno Aminu, ndi Kwankwaso ƴetti caggal mum.<ref name=":35">{{Cite web|last=Tilde|first=Dr Aliyu U.|date=2012-06-15|title=Interview (4): Kwankwaso|url=https://aliyuutilde.wordpress.com/2012/06/15/interview-4-kwankwaso/|access-date=2024-04-25|website=Discourse With Dr. Tilde|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Abuh|first=Adamu|date=3 November 2015|title='Our Kwankwasiya ideology improved the lot of Kano indigenes'|url=https://guardian.ng/features/our-kwankwasiya-ideology-improved-the-lot-of-kano-indigenes/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref>]] === Sinemaaji e pijirlooji Hausa === Ƴeew kadi: Sinema ɗemngal Hausa Nde o woni suka, Aminu ina heewi waɗde pijirlooji ɗi o huutortoo ngam waɗde "wullitaango makko, ñiŋooje makko, e yiɗdeeji makko e mbaadi pijirlooji". E nder ɗeen pijirlooji, o heewnoo ko reende darnde ardiinde ndee e hoore makko, o rokka geɗe goɗɗe ɗee wondiiɓe makko pijirlooji ɗii.<ref name=":126">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 43–44 Caggal ɗuum, nde o woni almuudo to duɗal hakkundeewal [[Kano]], o woni gadano winndude golle pijirlooji e ɗemngal Hausa.<ref name=":26">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>:228<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gar|first=Yusuf Baba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFjfEAAAQBAJ|title=Capturing Culture: Traditional Theater in Contemporary Hausa Video Films|date=2024-01-18|publisher=LIT Verlag|isbn=978-3-643-96410-6|pages=81|language=en}}</ref> Which heduna the 92 sosi Fedde Dramatique, o winndi heen pijirlooji keewɗi ɗi o: ...ƴami huuwugo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nden ɓe ɗon ƴama system emiraaji haa woyla lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E nder pijirlooji ɗii, ''Kai wane ne a kasuwar'' [[Kano]] ''da ba za a cuce ka ba''? (‘Ko mbaaw-ɗaa wonde fof, aɗa foolee e luumo [[Kano]]’) o hollitii huutoraade yimɓe leydi e juuɗe njulaagu ɓe ngalaa ɓerɗe, e nder ''Karya Fure take ba ta ‘ya’ya'' (‘Fenaande ina ɓuuɓna kono alaa ko heɓata’) o umminii caɗeele njoɓdi ɓurtundi ndi yimɓe teeru [[Hausa language|Hausa]] en njoɓata. E nder duuɓi 1939—1941 Aminu Kano winndi ko ina tolnoo e pijirlooji juutɗi capanɗe ɗiɗi ngam huutoraade duɗe ɗe o jaɓaani yoga e aadaaji nokkuuji ɓooyɗi kam e golle laamu ngenndi e nder njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi koloñaal ndi wonaa to bannge njuɓɓudi.<ref name=":1411">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>:276 <ref name=":25">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>228 <ref name=":34">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref>: E hitaande 1940, e nder batu kuuɓtodinngu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaande kala fedde sukaaɓe mawɓe [[Kaduna]] (hannde Fedde sukaaɓe mawɓe Barewa), batu ɗo almudɓe duɗal ngal « kawri e yeewtere welnde hakkunde mum en », Aminu, e oon sahaa ko almuudo haa jooni, yuɓɓini pijirlooji mum ''Kai wane ne a kasuwar'' Kanotendees to KOBA. E wiyde [[Abubakar Imam]], jeyaaɗo e tawtoraaɓe ɓee, ‘yiylotooɓe’ ɓee njiyri pijirlooji ɗii ko no « politik nii, baawɗi bonnude ko ɓuri moƴƴude e deeƴre diiwaan oo, haa teeŋti noon e hare winndereere » . Ɗum addani ardiiɓe duɗal ngal salaade jaɓɓaade kala batuuji garooji e jokkondirde e KOBA.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book|last=Imam|first=Abubakar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yawsAAAAIAAJ|title=The Abubakar Imam Memoirs|date=1989|publisher=NNPC|isbn=978-978-169-308-3|language=en}}</ref>: 162 Aminu heɓi heen miijo mum ko e winndooɓe mawɓe hono Sekseer,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Clark|first=Trevor|url=http://archive.org/details/wasitonlyyesterd0000unse|title=Was it only yesterday? : the last generation of Nigeria's "Turawa"|publisher=Bristol : BECM Press|others=Internet Archive|year=2002|isbn=978-0-9530174-7-8}}</ref>: 284 Rousseau, Voltaire, e Tom Paine, e etaade waylude golle mum en ngam heɗtiiɓe Hausa en.<ref name=":33">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref> O heewi wonde ko binndoowo pijirlooji, fijoowo, e gardotooɗo e nder pijirlooji makko, sahaa e sahaa fof omo wayla binndanɗe e pijirlooji walla omo huutoroo geɗe asliije tiiɗɗe. Kanko e gollodiiɓe makko ɓe mbaɗii dingiral, ɓe noddi yimɓe ɓee ngam seedaade kollirɗe maɓɓe, heewɓe heen ko e kewuuji hono Sallah. Ɗee golle keɓii weltaare, sahaa e sahaa fof ina ngadda heen hay amiir e ardiiɓe diiwanuuji. Aminu waɗii miijooji renndo e ñiŋooje rewrude e ɗeen pijirlooji e kollirɗe. Pijirlooji gooti teskiniiɗi, ɗi puɗɗii innireede Kar Ka Bata Hajin Naka (‘Wota bonnu hajjuuji maa’), caggal ɗuum ɗi inniri Alhaji Ka Iya Kwanga (‘Alhaji, aɗa anndi no njiyru-ɗaa Conga’), jeertinii Naajeeriyankooɓe e waasde nanngeede e njiimaandi ɓurndi toowde e laabi Hirnaange, teeŋtinirɗi. E nder ɗuum, o wiyi yo waylo waylo rewrude e jaŋde e nder aadaaji maɓɓe.<ref name=":125">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 55 Hay so tawii o neldii pijirlooji makko keewɗi to [[Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo]], jaaynde laamu nde ɗemngal Hausa, hay heen gootal jaɓaaka.<ref name=":1410">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 277 <ref name=":32">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref> E wiyde [[Abdalla Uba Adamu]], ‘''Establishment'' aadaaji ɗii fof ina tiiɗi no feewi ngam jaɓde ƴeewndo binndol keeriiɗo e maɓɓe,9. Pijirlooji Aminu Kano ina njogii batte e nder sinemaaji [[Hausa language|Hausa]], pijirlooji makko keewɗi mbaɗtaa e filmuuji.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCain|first=Carmen|date=2013|title=Nollywood and Its Others: Questioning English Language Hegemony in Nollywood Studies|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/538429|journal=The Global South|volume=7|issue=1|pages=30–54|doi=10.2979/globalsouth.7.1.30|s2cid=144044295|issn=1932-8656|url-access=subscription}}</ref> O ɓuri teeŋtude ko e [[Maitama Sule]], gooto e ƴettuɓe sinemaa [[Hausa language|Hausa]] ko adii. Sule siftinii yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]] caggal nde Aminu heɓi bak mum, o siftini wonde fotde pijirlooji ɗi o waɗi ɗii fof ko Aminu winndi ɗi.<ref name=":124">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 56–57 O ɓeydi heen wonde o siftorii sahaa gooto ɗo: ...almuɓɓe ndarni haa nokkuure laanawol lesdi ngam salmingo Aminu nde ɓe nani o ɗon yaha diga [[Kano]] haa [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]], o ɗon jooɗa wakkati seɗɗa haa [[Kaduna]]. Lonngere ndee leeltinii waktuuji keewɗi, kamɓe fof ɓe ndartiima e ladde ngam waɗde pijirlooji makko ɗi ɓe ngollotonoo ɗii. Aminu, nde o ari, o naati e fedde nde...<ref name=":123">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 57 Sule waɗii darnde mawnde e sosde gooto e sosiyeteeji peewnugol filmuuji gadani e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], hono [[Maitama Sule]] ''Drama Group''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref> Ɗemɗe makko renndo e politik ina keewi feeñde e filmuuji [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], haa teeŋti e ɗi ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCain|first=Carmen|date=2013|title=Nollywood and Its Others: Questioning English Language Hegemony in Nollywood Studies|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/538429|journal=The Global South|volume=7|issue=1|pages=30–54|doi=10.2979/globalsouth.7.1.30|issn=1932-8656|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Miijooji peewnitgol === Aminu Kano naati e Dental ''Progressive Elements Nord'' ngam wonde fedde politik ngam haɓaade ko o miijii ko golle otokaraasi e fedde laamu ''Native Northern''. O feewni njiimaandi makko e elite laamu nguu haa arti noon e amiir en, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko [[Fulɓe]]. Doole plateau makko semmbinaama heen seeɗa sabu ''background'' makko. Baaba makko ko Alkali golloowo to [[Kano]] ummoriiɗo e leñol diineeji lislaam, Aminu Kano kadi addi miijooji lislaam ko fayti e potal e nder laabi kampaañ mum e nder republique gadano. ''Talakawas'' (commons) ɗuuɗɓe haa [[Kano]] ndarni ɓaawo nulal maako nden darnde maako nder siyaasa mawni diga ballal yimɓe [[Kano]] e soodooɓe pamari egguɓe haa woyla.<ref>M. G. Smith; Government in Kano, 1350-1950, Westview Press, 1997. p 492-493.</ref> Heewɓe e njulaagu nguu caggal ɗuum njooɗiima e birooji NEPU. O yiɗi kadi huutoraade politik ngam sosde renndo fotngo e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]. Miijo makko mawngo ngoɗngo e nder fuɗɗoode republique gadano oo, ko ruppitde lanndaaji tuugiiɗi e leƴƴi. Miijo ngoo jaɓɓaama no feewi e ballal makko ummoriingal e njulaagu tokoosi e gollooɓe e nder gure saraaji laawol laana njoorndi. Worɓe e rewɓe ɓuri heewde ko yimɓe eggooɓe yiylotooɓe fartaŋŋeeji njulaagu, tee ina njogii nanondiral leƴƴi seeɗa e renndooji jaɓɓotooɗi ɗum en ɗii. O holliti kadi njuɓɓudi fiscal ndi ina yiɗi yoɓde alɗuɓe e nder diiwaan hee, tee ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ardiiɓe politikaaji leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ballitooji potal hakkeeji rewɓe. Mallam Aminu Kano ko siyaasyanke teddinaaɗo no feewi e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]. O maantinii demokaraasi, doole rewɓe e ndimaagu haala. Aeroport, kolees e kadi mbedda mawɗo kadi ina inniree mo to [[Kano]]. Galle makko ɗo o hoɗi e ɗo o maayi e ɗo o wirnaa, wayliima wonti nokku wiɗto e heblo demokaraasi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero [[Kano]] === Doole rewɓe === Kuutoragol Aminu luggiɗngol e yumma mum e caɗeele renndo ɗe o fotnoo dañde, addani mo waɗde doole rewɓe e nder nguurndam makko.<ref name=":173">{{Cite journal|editor-last=Wakili|editor-first=Haruna|title=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.academia.edu/38919731|journal=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|date=January 2019|publisher=Mambayya House, Centre for Democratic Studies, Bayero University|publication-place=[[Kano, Nigeria]]}}</ref>: 53 O reentii e jogaade rewɓe heewɓe, o wiyi wonde Qur'aana ina jaɓi juulɗo resde haa rewɓe nayo hay so tawii ko impsuret tan wadugo. O firti ɗum ko Qur’aana jaɓaani dewgal keewngal. Goongɗinɗo no feewi jaŋde ko feere ngam rimɗinde rewɓe, o wallitorii duɗal rewɓe ngal hawri e galle makko gila 1952 haa o sankii e hitaande 1983, o rokki heen janngirɗe e golle juuɗe, e sewnde, e Hausa, e binndol e ɗemngal Engele. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi ɗi o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, o winndi denndaangal binndanɗe makko teskinɗe e "Caɗeele jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe e nder [[Kano]]".<ref name=":149">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 290–291 <ref name=":121">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 102 <ref name=":122">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref> E nder nguurndam makko politik, Aminu ina jokki e haɓaade ittugol rewɓe e nguurndam renndo e geɗe politik laaɓtuɗe. O ƴetti miijooji lislaam ɗii « ndimaagu », « jihaadi » e « nuunɗal » ngam wallitde doole rewɓe, o waɗti ɗum e ngoƴa mawɗo e nder lannda makko politik. E bannge ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Isa Wali, o daraniima ndeeɗoo feere e kitaale 1950 e 1960, darnde nde heewaani yiyeede e oon sahaa. E nder kitaale 1970 e 1980, e gartugol demokaraasi e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], lannda ''People’s Redemption Party'' (PRP), e gardagol makko, ummii ko e lannda politik tan e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], jogorɗo haɓaade ndee ɗoo haala, Aminu wonti jokkondiral tiiɗngal e daranaade hakkeeji rewɓe ko ɓuri kala politikyanke leydi ndii. O hollitii wonde Qur'aana ina rokka juulɓe hakke "jogaade haala laaɓtuka e geɗe dowla walla wakiliijo mo o suɓii".<ref name=":163">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref>: 153 <ref name=":164">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/womenstatedevelo0000unse|title=Women, the state, and development|date=1989|publisher=Albany : State University of New York Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7914-0064-7|editor-last=M. Charlton|editor-first=Sue Ellen|pages=108|editor-last2=Everett|editor-first2=Jana|editor-last3=Staudt|editor-first3=Kathleen}}</ref> So tawiino o tawtoraama wooteeji hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1983, ko kanko woni debbo Bola Ogunbo, ko ngol woni go’o ko debbo [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ina suɓee e jappeere laamu toownde. O wiyi yo rewɓe ɓeydu naatde e geɗe renndo, o waɗta eɓɓooji jaŋde mawɗi wonande rewɓe rewrude e lannda makko PRP, o toɗɗii rewɓe heewɓe e golle renndo. E nder lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi o ardii ɗii, hono Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (NEPU) tuggi 1953 haa 1966 e PRP tuggi 1978 haa 1983, rewɓe ina cemmbinaa e politik. Kono, nde tawnoo ɗeen lanndaaji ina cosi baɗe rewɓe, ina kaɓa e geɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde e hakkeeji woote, ina keewi ustude terɗe rewɓe ngam haɓaade geɗe ɓurɗe yaajde e dow ndimaagu mum en. Baagal rewɓe, hay so ina woodi, ardaani waylooji moƴƴi walla mbayliigu wonande rewɓe.<ref name=":162">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref>: 157 === Duɗe lislaamiyya === E nder kitaale 1950, e ƴettude ƴoƴre e duɗe lislaam to [[Sudan|Sudaan]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tankarkar|first=Maijama'a Sule|date=18 May 2012|title=Remembering Mallam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/5163-remembering_mallam_aminu_kano.html|access-date=2024-01-11|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> binndanɗe [[Abdullahi Dan fodio|Abdullahi dan Fodio]], e won e dille peewnitgol nannduɗe e ɗeen to Nijeer, Aminu fuɗɗii sosde duɗe [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] gadane, tawi faandaare mum ko peewnude e ƴellitde jaŋde [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] to [[Kano]]. Ngam heɓugo ballal, Aminu hokki taskaram man haa mallamai mawɓe haa [[Kano]], hawtaade e Sheek Na’ibi Suleymaani Wali e [[Inuwa Wada]]. Ko adii fof e ɗeen duɗe sosaa ko e nder diiwaan Sudawa wuro ngoo, ko yaawi ɓeydaade heewde yimɓe e binnditagol adanngol ngol almuudo 30, ko ɓooyaani koo mawni haa 60. Jibnaaɓe, haa teeŋti e ɓeen wonɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe tokosɓe, ɓuri yiɗde ɗeen duɗe nde tawnoo ɗe ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e jaŋde [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] tawa kadi ina naatna heen geɗe goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde Hirnaange fof.<ref name=":120">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 142-144 <ref>{{Cite book|last=Daneji|first=Abdalla Uba Adamu|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368602049|title=From Evolution to Revolution: The Kano Emirate Yesterday Today and Tomorrow|date=July 2021|location=Kano|pages=12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mustapha|first=Olusegun|date=2018-04-20|title=Tunawa da Marigayi Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://aminiya.ng/tunawa-da-marigayi-malam-aminu-kano/|issn=0794-9049|access-date=2024-01-11|newspaper=Aminiya|language=ha}}</ref><ref name=":184">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":193">{{Cite book|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211113815/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2017|title=Kano State Education Accounts 2005/2006|date=2006|publisher=Kano State Education Accounts|pages=19–20}}</ref> Jaagorgal jaŋde ƴeewtiima duɗe ɗee, o weltiima e porogaraam oo, addani ɗum naatde e njuɓɓudi duɗe toowɗe. E nder hitaande wootere, duɗe Islamiyya sappo goɗɗe udditaama nder gure mawɗe nder Fuunaange [[Naajeeriya]], hawtaade e [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]], e [[Jos]]. Haa hitaande 1958, ko ina tolnoo e duɗe 60 hono ɗeen. E teskaade wonde ko ɓuri heewde e ballal ɗeen duɗe ummorii ko e terɗe NEPU, ɗe ngonti politik, ɗe ngoni ko e ƴattaade sahaa e sahaa fof, hay so tawii ko e fitinaaji. Ko wonaa ɗuum koo, njiimaandi ɗeen duɗe ina duumii, haa teeŋti noon e sukaaɓe rewɓe.<ref name=":183">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kane|first=Ousmane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CGIM8F6fuQC|title=Non-Europhone Intellectuals|date=2012|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-2-86978-506-9|pages=38|language=en}}</ref> Caggal nde [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, laamu Fuɗnaange ɓeydi ballal mum e duɗe Islamiyya. E kitaale 1970, janngooɓe duɗe leslese "ko jiidaa e jaŋde maɓɓe leslese ina njaha e duɗe Islamiyya fo waktuuji keewɗi e ñalawma".<ref name=":182">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bray|first=Mark|url=http://archive.org/details/educationsociety0000bray|title=Education and society in Africa|date=1986|publisher=London : Edward Arnold|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7131-8158-6}}</ref>: 92 Hannde, ko ɓuri heewde e sukaaɓe e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] ina njaha e duɗe Islamiyya e sara jaŋde leslesre aada.<ref name=":192">{{Cite book|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211113815/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2017|title=Kano State Education Accounts 2005/2006|date=2006|publisher=Kano State Education Accounts|pages=19–20}}</ref> Ɗee duɗe keɓii ballal laamu [[Naajeeriya]] e pelle winndereyankooje, ko wayi no USAID, e nder golle ngam ƴellitde paandaale hono jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thurston|first=Alex|date=2012-05-18|title=Nigeria's Islamiyya Schools: Global Project, Local Target|url=https://therevealer.org/islamiyya-schools-draft/|access-date=2024-01-11|website=The Revealer|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nguurndam neɗɗo == === Caalaje === Debbo Aminu gadano, Umma, ko debbo ceertuɗo e dewgal goɗngal. Ɓesngu makko ko '''royalty of sorts''<nowiki/>', ɓe njaɓaani dewgal makko e Aminu sabu 'darnde makko udditiinde ngam haɓaade laamɗo'. Dewgal ngal waɗi ko to [[Kano]] e hitaande 1939; kono ɓe ndartini ɗum nde Aminu ummii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna. Umma, mo luutndii fusde, dogi fayi Kaduna, resi Aminu. Ɓesngu makko dañii waawde faamnude ''Alkali'' nokku oo ngam fusde dewgal ngal laabi ɗiɗi caggal nde ɓe ngarti e [[Kano]] ngam juulde. Caggal nde jokkondiral makko e Aminu joofi, Umma dogi fayti [[Gana]] tan.<ref name=":119">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 67–68 <ref name=":315">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Debbo ɗiɗaɓo Aminu ko Hasia, ummoriiɗo e galle laamɗo to [[Bauchi]]. Neene makko ɓadtii baaba Aminu e innde makko, o jaɓi eɓɓoore ndee. Aminu anndi ɗum nde o timmini jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o arti Kano ko juuti. Caggal ɗuum, kanko e Hasia ɓe ngummii Bauchi ngam golle makko jannginde. E sahaa dewgal maɓɓe, Hasia ina famɗi, alaa jaŋde toownde. Aminu ƴetti e hoore mum ngam jannginde mo e Quraan, e binndol Engele (janngude, winndude, e hiisa), e cellal ɓalli.<ref name=":118">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 68–69 O renndini kadi ganndal makko e jannginde rewɓe woɗɓe wonɓe e sara makko.<ref name=":117">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 76 infeleed, ''During marriage'' maɓɓe mbaawka makko jibinde ɓiɓɓe. E hitaande 1948, o jibini kono caggal mum o ruttii.<ref name=":116">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 109 Nde Aminu woppi jaŋde e hitaande 1950, o naati politik, ɓe ngummii Kano. Golle makko politik ɗee ngaddaani waktuuji seeɗa e Hasia, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina woɗɗi. O hoɗi ko e galle galle Aminu to Sudawa kono caggal ɗuum o arti e galle yumma makko caggal nde o luurdi e yumma makko jom suudu Aminu. Jaɓde hootde, dewgal maɓɓe joofi. Aminu yuɓɓini Hasia golloraade e nder safrirde jibinannde, golle ɗe o joginoo haa ko famɗi fof e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970. Dewgal maɓɓe fof e joofde, Aminu e Hasia ina keddii e nanondiral moƴƴal. O tawtoraama dewgal makko e hitaande 1969, hitaande caggal ɗuum, o walli mo e hijjoore makko to Makka<ref name=":115">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 68–69, 181 === Gooɗo === [[Chinua Achebe]], winndiyanke [[Naajeeriya]] mawɗo, gollodiiɗo PRP e Aminu, siftinii mo wonde "seniiɗo e mbayliigu". O ɓeydi heen wonde :<ref>{{Cite book|last=Achebe|first=Chinua|url=http://archive.org/details/imageofafricatro0000ache|title=An image of Africa; and the trouble with Nigeria|date=2010|publisher=London : Penguin|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-14-119258-1}}</ref> ...so Aminu Kano yiytii wonde o naatii e fedde tooñooɓe o woppataa darnde makko ko yaawi e peeñcu, o waɗa hare e hoore makko!<ref>{{Cite book|last=Huxley|first=Elspeth|url=http://archive.org/details/fourguineas0000huxl|title=Four Guineas: A Journey Through West Africa|date=1954|publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]]|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 86 Jaayndiyanke e daartoowo Angalteer biyeteeɗo Basil Davidson, mo Aminu sifotoo ko sehil mum, siftini Aminu ko « jannginoowo, murtuɗo, kulɓiniiɗo-politik, e dowla-parlemaa ». E ɓeydude heen sifaa Davidson, Aminu siftinii hoore mum e nder konngol mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero e hitaande 1982, wonde « ko o neɗɗo demokaraasiyanke, baawɗo ɓamtude neɗɗaagu e ƴellitde ndimaagu rewɓe ». e nder deftere makko 1954 « Gineeji nay : Jaɓɓal e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange », o siftinii Aminu wonde « Cassius gorko, ɓuuɓɗo, ɓuuɓɗo, ganndo Engele, ɓernde mum ko ƴiye, ɗemngal mum ko fijirde ». O siftini mo kadi ko "demagog--ɗemngal taƴngal, fanatik".<ref name=":302">{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 254–255 Aminu ina anndaa no feewi e nguurndam mum ɓuuɓɗam.[113] Fuu e darnde maako ministaajo les Gowon, o ɗonno jogga hoore maako bee "ndema tokoosa" e dokke wakkati feere diga soobiraaɓe maako.<ref name=":30">{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 73 Ganndal Aminu e [[Islaam]] addani mo innde Mallam (innde nde worɓe jannguɓe keɓata e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]). O woniino karallo e sariyaaji [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] e tafsiir, omo waɗa jeewte keewɗe e dow ɗeen geɗe, haa teeŋti noon e wuro [[Kano]].<ref name=":172">{{Cite journal|editor-last=Wakili|editor-first=Haruna|title=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.academia.edu/38919731|journal=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|date=January 2019|publisher=Mambayya House, Centre for Democratic Studies, Bayero University|publication-place=[[Kano, Nigeria]]}}</ref>: 51 Firooji makko Qur’aana ɓuri teeŋtude ko e doosɗe [[lislaam]] jowitiiɗe e nuunɗal, nafoore jaŋde e nder [[Lislaamu|Lislaam]], e wallitde deftere juulɓe ndee. Kerecee’en, e Yahuudu’en.<ref name=":148">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 299-305 == Ƴeew kadi == Dental ɓamtaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange Lannda rimɗinde yimɓe [[Saadu Zungur]] Bayyinaango Sawaba == Tuugnorgal == 6af9gbyxyuz4l9bcuiz3c0wugrfyzdq 0 5185 177605 104168 2026-06-30T20:37:11Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the section "Early political career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360624885|Ahmadu Bello]]" 177605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Sir '''Ahmadu Bello''' GCON KBE (hawsa en; jibinaa ko '''Ahmadu Rabah'''; 12 suwee 1910 – 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966), ganndiraaɗo '''Sardauna mo Sokoto''', ko gooto e ardiiɓe politikaaji worgo tan e hitaande 1966 1954 haa o waraa e hitaande 1966, e nder ɗuum o jiimi geɗe ngenndiije ko ina ɓura duuɓi sappo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Franz|first=Alyssa|date=22 May 2009|title=Alhaji (Sir) Ahmadu Bello (1910-1966) •|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/bello-alhaji-sir-ahmadu-1910-1966/|access-date=6 July 2024|language=en-US}}</ref> [failed verification] O woniino kadi hooreejo Kongres Yimɓe Fuɗnaange, lannda laamu nguu e oon sahaa, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko eliteeji [[Hausa language|Hausa]]–Fulani. O meeɗiino suɓaade e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorde laamu. O jeyaa ko e laamu Kalifaandi Sokoto, o waɗii etaade wonde Sultan Sokoto hade makko naatde e politik caggal ɗuum.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 October 2017|title=Prof Tomori joins US Academy of Medicine - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/prof-tomori-joins-us-academy-of-medicine/|access-date=19 February 2025|website=dailytrust.com/|language=en-US}}</ref> == Duuɓi gadani == Bello jibinaa ko to Rabah c. 1910 to galle mallam ibraahiima atiku bello. Baaba makko ina joginoo tiitoonde Sarkin Rabah. Ko o iwdi Usmaan dan Fodio (sosɗo kalifaandi Sokoto), mawniiko sultaan Alh.Muhammadu Bello, taanum sultaan Atiku na Raba. Nehdi lislaam o heɓi ko e galle makko, ɗo o janngi qur’aana, fiqh lislaam e aadaaji Muhammadu. Caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal diiwaan Sokoto e duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Katsina (hannde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Barewa). E nder balɗe makko jaŋde, omo wiyee Ahmadu Rabah. Won heen kadi ina mbiya mo Gamji mawnude O timmini jaŋde makko e hitaande 1931, caggal ɗuum o woni jannginoowo Engele to duɗal hakkundeewal Sokoto. E hitaande 1934, Sultan Hassan dan Mu’azu waɗti Bello hooreejo diiwaan Rabah, lomtii miñiiko. E hitaande 1938, o artiraa e jappeere hooreejo diiwaan Gusau (e nder diiwaan [[Zamfara]] hannde oo) o wonti tergal e diiso Sultan. E hitaande 1938, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 28 tan, o waɗii eɓɓooje ngam wonde Sultan Sokoto kono o dañaani heen, o dañi Sir Siddiq Abubakar III laamɗo duuɓi 50 haa o sankii e hitaande 1988. Sultan keso oo waɗi ɗoon e ɗoon Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardauna (Laamɗo) Sokoto, tiitoonde laamɗo, o ƴetti mo to Diiso laamu ɓiɗɓe leydi Sokoto. Ɗee tiitooɗe mbaɗti mo otomatik mawɗo wasiyaaji politik Sultan. Caggal mum, o waɗtaa e gardagol diiwaan Sokoto ngam ƴeewtaade diiwanuuji 47 e hitaande 1944, o arti e galle Sultan ngam golloraade hooreejo njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii. === Golle politik gadane === E kitaale 1940, o naati e ''Jam'iyar Mutanen Arewa'' mo caggal ɗuum wonti Kongres yimɓe worgo (NPC) e hitaande 1951. E hitaande 1948, o yahi Angalteer e bursi laamu ngam janngude njuɓɓudi laamu nokkuuji, yaajndi faamde makko e ganndal laamu.[Kitation ina haani] === Suka politik === Caggal nde o arti e leydi Angalteer, o toɗɗaama ngam lomtaade diiwaan Sokoto e nder galle diiwaan oo. Ko o tergal e mooɓondiral ngal, o wonnoo ko daande teeŋtunde ngam nafooje worgo, o jaɓɓii mbaadi diisnondiral e nanondiral e wakili’en mawɓe emirates worgo iden, Bornu e Sokoto. O suɓaama e woɗɓe e nder goomu nguu, o artiri Doosgal leydi Richards, o tawtoraama kadi batu kuuɓtodinngu to [[Ibadan]]. Golle makko e nder batu nguu e nder goomuuji binnditagol doosɗe leydi ndii, ngaddi mo weltaare to fuɗnaange, o naamnaama yo o ƴettu golle ardaade e nder ''Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa.''E nder wooteeji gadani baɗaaɗi to Fuɗnaange Nigeria e hitaande 1952, Sir Ahmadu Bello heɓi jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji to bannge worgo, o wonti tergal e fedde toppitiinde golle. Bello wonnoo ko jaagorgal golle, e ƴellitaare laamu nokkuuji e ƴellitaare renndo, e ƴellitaare e peewnugol e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange leydi [[Najiriya|Najeriya]]. E hitaande 1954, Bello woni hooreejo gadano e nder leydi [[Najiriya|Najeriya]]. == Jeytaare leydi Najeriya == E wooteeji jeytaare 1959, Bello ardii NPC ngam heɓde keewal jooɗorɗe parlemaa. NPC mo Bello waɗi kawtal bee NCNC mo Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe (Kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e lesdi [[Camerun|Cameroun]]) ngam sosde laamu lesdi Naajeeriya arandeeru, ko ɗum addani ndi heɓugo ndimu lesdi Biritaniya. E nder sosde laamu fedde ndimu ndimu leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e hitaande 1960, Bello hono hooreejo NPC, suɓii wonde hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], o rokki cukko hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], darnde hooreejo leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Naajeeriya]]. == Ardiiɗo lesdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya == Mi anndaa wonde miɗo heewi wonde neɗɗo luulndiiɗo. Miɗo tuuma ŋakkeende ngenndiyaŋkaagal e ŋakkeende humpito politik sabu miɗo sikki jeytaare ina foti daranaade haa leydi ndi heɓa doole ngam wallitde e waɗde nafoore jeytaare. Miɗo tuumaa ko mi konservatism sabu miɗo gooŋɗini jogaade kala ko moƴƴi e aadaaji men ɓooyɗi e salaade ƴettude denndaangal fannuuji siwil en woɗɓe ina tuumaa e geɗe keewɗe, kono miijooji woɗɓe meeɗaa waɗde mi woppude laawol ngol miɗo sikki ko ngol nafata leñol am e. Miɗo tuugnii e golle am e miijooji am nder ɓernde, e ɓernde am e diineeji am Sir Ahmadu bello Bello fuɗɗii jaɓɓaade laamu Indirect e nder leydi Najeriya koloñaal hade mum jaɓɓaade seeɗa-seeɗa peeje. E nder yonta laamu makko, binnduɗo nguurndam makko, John Paden siftinii mo wonde ko o neɗɗo jahroowo e duuɓi 18, sabu ko o golloowo waylo-waylo, kadi ko o baawɗo waylo-waylo, kadi ko o baawɗo waylude sifaaji aadaaji.Bello sifaaji ardorde mum ko jillondiral hakkunde diineeji, aadaaji e nafooje jamaanu e fartaŋŋe makko e nder koloñaal e caggal jeytaare leydi Najeriya ina waɗa ɗeen golle ceertuɗe e nder leydi ndii. === Fuɗnaange-rewo === Sabu ŋakkeende jaŋde toownde e nder diiwaan hee, Sir Ahmadu Bello ƴettii golle laamu diiwanuuji ɗii. Njuɓɓudi to Fuɗnaange ko e laamuuji ɗi ngonaa laamuyankooji, jaŋde hirnaange ndee ƴeewtaaka no feewi e nder diwanuuji keewɗi. Caggal nde sarwiis laamu oo rewnaa e diiwaanuuji, ardiiɓe politik e nder diiwaan hee njiyti wonde keewal Fuɗnaange-rewo e nder sarwiis oo ina famɗi so yerondiraama e banndiraaɓe mum en to Fuɗnaange. Sabu miijooji politik, ardiiɓe diiwaan oo ndartinii ƴettugol yimɓe Fuɗnaange e nder sarwiis diiwaan Fuɗnaange, ɓe keɓii laabi ngam ƴellitde darnde Fuɗnaange e nder golle tokoose e mawɗe.[citation needed] Ngolɗoo laawol addani Fuɗnaange ɓeydaade fartaŋŋeeji jaŋde, haa teeŋti noon e nder diiwaan Middle Belt. Wonande politik oo, daartoowo biyeteeɗo Kirk-Greene hollitii wonde "ko yimɓe Middle Belt ɓee ndokki ko ɓuri heewde e duɗe hakkundeeje e yaltinde karallaagal; tawi noon ɓurondiral maɓɓe haawniingal e nder denndaangal darnde konu nguu, ko huunde haawniinde wonande winndooɓe yahooɓe tan to leydi [[Naajeeriya]]". Ardiiɓe ɓee njokkii e sarwisaaji hoɗɓe, sibu Fuɗnaange-rewo ina joginoo hoɗɓe e yah-ngartaa kono ina kuli njiimaandi fuɗnaange e sarwisaaji siwil diiwaan oo. Peeje mbaɗaama ngam heblude worɓe ; e hitaande 1949, fedde bursiiji rokkii fotde 100 000 000 000 mbuuɗu ngam naatde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde.E hitaande 1957, kursuuji njuɓɓudi ina njanngee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde njuɓɓudi to Zaria. Gaa gaa etaade hebbinde golle e nder sarwiis laamu e Fuɗnaange-rewo, ardiiɓe politik e nder zone ndee kadi mbaɗti ɗum ko ɓuri teeŋtude ngam heɓde wakilaagu Fuɗnaange e nder golle mawɗe e nder sarwiis Fedde nde. E nder jeewte sariyaaji baɗaaɗe e hitaande 1952, laamɗo aada gooto ummoriiɗo Fuɗnaange hollitii ballal mum e politik oo. O nanndini Naajeeriya bee kompaañ marɗo cuuɗi tati: Yimɓe wonɓe e galleeji Mr. West e Mr. East njahii haa woɗɗi e laawol, nde ɓe puɗɗii yahdu maɓɓe ko adii subaka, kono min galle Mallam North tan puɗɗiima caggal hakkunde ñalawma, puɗɗiima faamde oon laawol jananngol. Ko ɗum waɗi ina haani no feewi e men dogaade e njaaweeki kulɓiniiki no feewi ngam. ƴattaade ɓeen yimɓe, mbaawen yettaade ɗo min kawri ɗoo e dow gootal. === Sigga === Juɓɓule feere-feere sosaa les Bello, hawti bee hukuumaaji rento lesdi Naajeeriya (NNDC), Banki lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Naajeeriya Investments Ltd (NNIL). NNDC ko sosiyetee jogiiɗo jawdi ummoriindi e njuɓɓudi yeeyirde diiwaan oo, NNIL ko gollondiral hakkunde sosiyetee ƴellitaare Commonwealth e NNDC sosaa ngam wallitde ƴellitaare gollorɗe e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.[citation needed] === Jaangirde === Bello fuɗɗi anniyaaji ngam hesɗitingo janngirde Qur'aana aadaaji haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya. O sosi komisiyoŋ ngam ɗuum, o rokki duɗe ɗee njeenaari laawɗundi.Komisiyoŋ oo wasiyiima yo fannuuji sekulaar en mbaɗtu e nder duɗe ɗee, e sosde duɗe ceertuɗe wonande almudɓe. Feccere e paandaale makko jaŋde ko mahde duɗal e nder kala diiwaan e nder Fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya. == Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi == Duuɓi Bello cakkitiiɗi ɗii, ina maantini e duuɓi makko gadani ɗii. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e makko ko waɗde feere mbele diiwaan oo ina wondi e politik e faggudu e diiwanuuji hirnaange e Fuɗnaange. Ɗum addani kuulal lomtaade Fuɗnaange-rewo e Oropnaaɓe fof e nder sarwisaaji siwil diiwaan Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange, politik keɓɗo ñiŋooje ummoraade e ardiiɓe luulndo ko wayi no Ibrahim Imam.[citation ina haani] === Jeertinaango e teskagol jokkondire === Ko adii kuudetaa 1966 mo [[Najiriya|Najeriya]] 1966, Bello heɓi jeertinaango e gardagol diiwaan Hirnaange Samuel Akintola, e Birigadier Samuel Ademulegun. === Warngo === Ñande 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Bello waraa bee jaariwol Major Chukwuma Nzeogwu ko o ofisee konu Naajeeriya nder kuudetaaji kalluɗi kalluɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. Haa jooni o woni ko e wonde gardiiɗo worgo leydi Najeriya e oon sahaa. Ko ngol woni go’o ko kuudetaa e nder daartol leydi Nigeria, tinndinooje gargol militeer en e nder dawrugol politik leydi ndii. Wallitii kadi e nder kuudetaa oo ko sehil makko ɓooyɗo biyeteeɗo Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e sara eliteeji politik keewɗi to bannge worgo e bannge hirnaange.[yiyde ina haani] Bello ina joginoo rewɓe tato e sahaa nde o maayi. Hafsatu, debbo makko mawɗo, maayi e sara makko. Omo joginoo ɓiɓɓe rewɓe tato wuurɓe e debbo goɗɗo, Amina (Goggon Kano). Ɓiyiiko debbo mawɗo oo ko Inno, Aisaa e Lubatu. == Lefol e siftorde == Ko ɓuri mawnude e ko Bello rokki ko ƴellitde e hawrude e yimɓe ceertuɓe e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Hoɗorde makko keeriinde to Kaduna, jooni ina wiyee Arewa House (Gidan Arewa), wayliima wonti musee e nokku ɗo wiɗtooji e binndanɗe daartol njuɓɓiniraa e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello. === Daraja === Ahmadu Bello nuɗɗini dow kala Naajeeriya, e ɓii aadama’en fuu, ɓe tagaama no fotiri, ɓe hokki ɓe hakkeeji ɗi Allah hokki ɓe hakkeeji nder maajum ko nguurdam, ndimu, potal, barkeeji e jokkirgol welwelo. E nder nguurndam makko politik e ko adii ɗuum, omo joginoo nehdi toowndi e moƴƴere hakkille. === Inɗe nokkuuje === Nokkuuji e monumndaaji keewɗi e nder leydi ndi inniraama e teddungal Sardauna. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello to Zaria inniraa ko innde makko. Natal makko ina faarnoroo kaalis 200 naira. == Galle == == Ƴeew kadi == Republique Naajeeriya arandeere == Janngude ko ɓeydi == Ahmadu bello; Nguurndam am, Jaaynde Jaami’aare Cambridge, hitaande 1962.[[File:Ahmadu Bello Premier of the Northern Region of Nigeria 1960 Oak Ridge (24650572060).jpg|thumb]] ==Tuugnorɗe== === Ciimtol === {{Reflist}} [[Category:Stub]] == Early political career == [[File:Nigerian_Public_Domain_23.jpg|thumb]] Nder duuɓi 1940, o hawti e ''Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa'', ko ɓaawo ɗun o warti ka partiiɓe yimɓe lesdi fuunaaŋge (NPC) nder hitaande 1951. Nder hitaande 1948, o yahi Ingiltere dow dowla dowla ngam janngude jaangoore laamu nguu, ɗum ɓeydi anndal maako dow laamu. === Lallaaɗo politik === Caggal nde o wurtini diga Britaniya, o daranii ngam darnugo lesdi Sokoto nder suudu suudu leydi. Bana ardiiɗo jamma, o laati wolde mawnde ngam ɓaleeɓe woyla e o jaɓɓi laabi haɓɓuki e haɓɓuki bee wakiilooji mawɓe dow emirateji woyla bano Kano, Bornu e Sokoto. O suɓi bee yimɓe feere bana go'o nder komiteeji ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓeydani leydi Richards nden o ɗon yahda ha jaajol mawɗo nder [[Ibadan]]. Kuugal maako nder jamiroore nden e nder komiteeji jaɓugo dooka waɗi mo mo anndaaki haa woyla nden o noddi mo o jaɓɓa dow ardiiɓe nder Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa. Nder suɓaaji arandeeji ɗi waɗii nder lesdi Nigeria fuunaare nder 1952, Sir Ahmadu Bello heɓii nokkuure nder suudu lesdi fuunaare, o warti arandeejo nder suudu mawɗo lesdi ndi ngam o laati arandeejo kuuɗe. Bello waɗi hooreejo golle, laamu nguu e ɓamtaare ummatoore, e ɓamtaari e jaaynde to lesdi Naajeeriya. Nder 1954, Bello laati arandeejo lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya. === Hakkillo lesdi Nigeria === Nder suɓaaji leydi 1959 Bello waɗi NPC ngam heɓugo ɓurna jooɗorde nder paltoor. NPC Bello waɗi haaki e NCNC Dr. [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] (National Council of [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] e Cameroons) ngam haaki lesdi Nigeria dowla lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi ɗi ardii ngam heɓugo hoore mum daga lesdi lesdi Britaniya. Nder tagguki laamu hooreejo lesdi Nigeria nder hitaande 1960, Bello no hooreejo NPC, suɓi ngam jooɗugo hooreejo lesdi lesdi Nigeria e dow hooreejo lesdi e dow hooreeɗo lesdi e hooreejo lesdi, [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]]. g91mvvw0oyxbbznunw7a5ce4h5nyyju 177606 177605 2026-06-30T20:37:58Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Sir '''Ahmadu Bello''' GCON KBE (hawsa en; jibinaa ko '''Ahmadu Rabah'''; 12 suwee 1910 – 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966), ganndiraaɗo '''Sardauna mo Sokoto''', ko gooto e ardiiɓe politikaaji worgo tan e hitaande 1966 1954 haa o waraa e hitaande 1966, e nder ɗuum o jiimi geɗe ngenndiije ko ina ɓura duuɓi sappo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Franz|first=Alyssa|date=22 May 2009|title=Alhaji (Sir) Ahmadu Bello (1910-1966) •|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/bello-alhaji-sir-ahmadu-1910-1966/|access-date=6 July 2024|language=en-US}}</ref> [failed verification] O woniino kadi hooreejo Kongres Yimɓe Fuɗnaange, lannda laamu nguu e oon sahaa, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko eliteeji [[Hausa language|Hausa]]–Fulani. O meeɗiino suɓaade e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan oo, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorde laamu. O jeyaa ko e laamu Kalifaandi Sokoto, o waɗii etaade wonde Sultan Sokoto hade makko naatde e politik caggal ɗuum.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 October 2017|title=Prof Tomori joins US Academy of Medicine - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/prof-tomori-joins-us-academy-of-medicine/|access-date=19 February 2025|website=dailytrust.com/|language=en-US}}</ref> == Duuɓi gadani == Bello jibinaa ko to Rabah c. 1910 to galle mallam ibraahiima atiku bello. Baaba makko ina joginoo tiitoonde Sarkin Rabah. Ko o iwdi Usmaan dan Fodio (sosɗo kalifaandi Sokoto), mawniiko sultaan Alh.Muhammadu Bello, taanum sultaan Atiku na Raba. Nehdi lislaam o heɓi ko e galle makko, ɗo o janngi qur’aana, fiqh lislaam e aadaaji Muhammadu. Caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal diiwaan Sokoto e duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Katsina (hannde duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Barewa). E nder balɗe makko jaŋde, omo wiyee Ahmadu Rabah. Won heen kadi ina mbiya mo Gamji mawnude O timmini jaŋde makko e hitaande 1931, caggal ɗuum o woni jannginoowo Engele to duɗal hakkundeewal Sokoto. E hitaande 1934, Sultan Hassan dan Mu’azu waɗti Bello hooreejo diiwaan Rabah, lomtii miñiiko. E hitaande 1938, o artiraa e jappeere hooreejo diiwaan Gusau (e nder diiwaan [[Zamfara]] hannde oo) o wonti tergal e diiso Sultan. E hitaande 1938, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 28 tan, o waɗii eɓɓooje ngam wonde Sultan Sokoto kono o dañaani heen, o dañi Sir Siddiq Abubakar III laamɗo duuɓi 50 haa o sankii e hitaande 1988. Sultan keso oo waɗi ɗoon e ɗoon Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardauna (Laamɗo) Sokoto, tiitoonde laamɗo, o ƴetti mo to Diiso laamu ɓiɗɓe leydi Sokoto. Ɗee tiitooɗe mbaɗti mo otomatik mawɗo wasiyaaji politik Sultan. Caggal mum, o waɗtaa e gardagol diiwaan Sokoto ngam ƴeewtaade diiwanuuji 47 e hitaande 1944, o arti e galle Sultan ngam golloraade hooreejo njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii. === Golle politik gadane === E kitaale 1940, o naati e ''Jam'iyar Mutanen Arewa'' mo caggal ɗuum wonti Kongres yimɓe worgo (NPC) e hitaande 1951. E hitaande 1948, o yahi Angalteer e bursi laamu ngam janngude njuɓɓudi laamu nokkuuji, yaajndi faamde makko e ganndal laamu.[Kitation ina haani] === Suka politik === Caggal nde o arti e leydi Angalteer, o toɗɗaama ngam lomtaade diiwaan Sokoto e nder galle diiwaan oo. Ko o tergal e mooɓondiral ngal, o wonnoo ko daande teeŋtunde ngam nafooje worgo, o jaɓɓii mbaadi diisnondiral e nanondiral e wakili’en mawɓe emirates worgo iden, Bornu e Sokoto. O suɓaama e woɗɓe e nder goomu nguu, o artiri Doosgal leydi Richards, o tawtoraama kadi batu kuuɓtodinngu to [[Ibadan]]. Golle makko e nder batu nguu e nder goomuuji binnditagol doosɗe leydi ndii, ngaddi mo weltaare to fuɗnaange, o naamnaama yo o ƴettu golle ardaade e nder ''Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa.''E nder wooteeji gadani baɗaaɗi to Fuɗnaange Nigeria e hitaande 1952, Sir Ahmadu Bello heɓi jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji to bannge worgo, o wonti tergal e fedde toppitiinde golle. Bello wonnoo ko jaagorgal golle, e ƴellitaare laamu nokkuuji e ƴellitaare renndo, e ƴellitaare e peewnugol e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange leydi [[Najiriya|Najeriya]]. E hitaande 1954, Bello woni hooreejo gadano e nder leydi [[Najiriya|Najeriya]]. == Jeytaare leydi Najeriya == E wooteeji jeytaare 1959, Bello ardii NPC ngam heɓde keewal jooɗorɗe parlemaa. NPC mo Bello waɗi kawtal bee NCNC mo Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe (Kawtal lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e lesdi [[Camerun|Cameroun]]) ngam sosde laamu lesdi Naajeeriya arandeeru, ko ɗum addani ndi heɓugo ndimu lesdi Biritaniya. E nder sosde laamu fedde ndimu ndimu leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e hitaande 1960, Bello hono hooreejo NPC, suɓii wonde hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], o rokki cukko hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], darnde hooreejo leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Naajeeriya]]. == Ardiiɗo lesdi woyla lesdi Naajeeriya == Mi anndaa wonde miɗo heewi wonde neɗɗo luulndiiɗo. Miɗo tuuma ŋakkeende ngenndiyaŋkaagal e ŋakkeende humpito politik sabu miɗo sikki jeytaare ina foti daranaade haa leydi ndi heɓa doole ngam wallitde e waɗde nafoore jeytaare. Miɗo tuumaa ko mi konservatism sabu miɗo gooŋɗini jogaade kala ko moƴƴi e aadaaji men ɓooyɗi e salaade ƴettude denndaangal fannuuji siwil en woɗɓe ina tuumaa e geɗe keewɗe, kono miijooji woɗɓe meeɗaa waɗde mi woppude laawol ngol miɗo sikki ko ngol nafata leñol am e. Miɗo tuugnii e golle am e miijooji am nder ɓernde, e ɓernde am e diineeji am Sir Ahmadu bello Bello fuɗɗii jaɓɓaade laamu Indirect e nder leydi Najeriya koloñaal hade mum jaɓɓaade seeɗa-seeɗa peeje. E nder yonta laamu makko, binnduɗo nguurndam makko, John Paden siftinii mo wonde ko o neɗɗo jahroowo e duuɓi 18, sabu ko o golloowo waylo-waylo, kadi ko o baawɗo waylo-waylo, kadi ko o baawɗo waylude sifaaji aadaaji.Bello sifaaji ardorde mum ko jillondiral hakkunde diineeji, aadaaji e nafooje jamaanu e fartaŋŋe makko e nder koloñaal e caggal jeytaare leydi Najeriya ina waɗa ɗeen golle ceertuɗe e nder leydi ndii. === Fuɗnaange-rewo === Sabu ŋakkeende jaŋde toownde e nder diiwaan hee, Sir Ahmadu Bello ƴettii golle laamu diiwanuuji ɗii. Njuɓɓudi to Fuɗnaange ko e laamuuji ɗi ngonaa laamuyankooji, jaŋde hirnaange ndee ƴeewtaaka no feewi e nder diwanuuji keewɗi. Caggal nde sarwiis laamu oo rewnaa e diiwaanuuji, ardiiɓe politik e nder diiwaan hee njiyti wonde keewal Fuɗnaange-rewo e nder sarwiis oo ina famɗi so yerondiraama e banndiraaɓe mum en to Fuɗnaange. Sabu miijooji politik, ardiiɓe diiwaan oo ndartinii ƴettugol yimɓe Fuɗnaange e nder sarwiis diiwaan Fuɗnaange, ɓe keɓii laabi ngam ƴellitde darnde Fuɗnaange e nder golle tokoose e mawɗe.[citation needed] Ngolɗoo laawol addani Fuɗnaange ɓeydaade fartaŋŋeeji jaŋde, haa teeŋti noon e nder diiwaan Middle Belt. Wonande politik oo, daartoowo biyeteeɗo Kirk-Greene hollitii wonde "ko yimɓe Middle Belt ɓee ndokki ko ɓuri heewde e duɗe hakkundeeje e yaltinde karallaagal; tawi noon ɓurondiral maɓɓe haawniingal e nder denndaangal darnde konu nguu, ko huunde haawniinde wonande winndooɓe yahooɓe tan to leydi [[Naajeeriya]]". Ardiiɓe ɓee njokkii e sarwisaaji hoɗɓe, sibu Fuɗnaange-rewo ina joginoo hoɗɓe e yah-ngartaa kono ina kuli njiimaandi fuɗnaange e sarwisaaji siwil diiwaan oo. Peeje mbaɗaama ngam heblude worɓe ; e hitaande 1949, fedde bursiiji rokkii fotde 100 000 000 000 mbuuɗu ngam naatde e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde.E hitaande 1957, kursuuji njuɓɓudi ina njanngee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde njuɓɓudi to Zaria. Gaa gaa etaade hebbinde golle e nder sarwiis laamu e Fuɗnaange-rewo, ardiiɓe politik e nder zone ndee kadi mbaɗti ɗum ko ɓuri teeŋtude ngam heɓde wakilaagu Fuɗnaange e nder golle mawɗe e nder sarwiis Fedde nde. E nder jeewte sariyaaji baɗaaɗe e hitaande 1952, laamɗo aada gooto ummoriiɗo Fuɗnaange hollitii ballal mum e politik oo. O nanndini Naajeeriya bee kompaañ marɗo cuuɗi tati: Yimɓe wonɓe e galleeji Mr. West e Mr. East njahii haa woɗɗi e laawol, nde ɓe puɗɗii yahdu maɓɓe ko adii subaka, kono min galle Mallam North tan puɗɗiima caggal hakkunde ñalawma, puɗɗiima faamde oon laawol jananngol. Ko ɗum waɗi ina haani no feewi e men dogaade e njaaweeki kulɓiniiki no feewi ngam. ƴattaade ɓeen yimɓe, mbaawen yettaade ɗo min kawri ɗoo e dow gootal. === Sigga === Juɓɓule feere-feere sosaa les Bello, hawti bee hukuumaaji rento lesdi Naajeeriya (NNDC), Banki lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Naajeeriya Investments Ltd (NNIL). NNDC ko sosiyetee jogiiɗo jawdi ummoriindi e njuɓɓudi yeeyirde diiwaan oo, NNIL ko gollondiral hakkunde sosiyetee ƴellitaare Commonwealth e NNDC sosaa ngam wallitde ƴellitaare gollorɗe e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.[citation needed] === Jaangirde === Bello fuɗɗi anniyaaji ngam hesɗitingo janngirde Qur'aana aadaaji haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya. O sosi komisiyoŋ ngam ɗuum, o rokki duɗe ɗee njeenaari laawɗundi.Komisiyoŋ oo wasiyiima yo fannuuji sekulaar en mbaɗtu e nder duɗe ɗee, e sosde duɗe ceertuɗe wonande almudɓe. Feccere e paandaale makko jaŋde ko mahde duɗal e nder kala diiwaan e nder Fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya. == Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi == Duuɓi Bello cakkitiiɗi ɗii, ina maantini e duuɓi makko gadani ɗii. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e makko ko waɗde feere mbele diiwaan oo ina wondi e politik e faggudu e diiwanuuji hirnaange e Fuɗnaange. Ɗum addani kuulal lomtaade Fuɗnaange-rewo e Oropnaaɓe fof e nder sarwisaaji siwil diiwaan Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange, politik keɓɗo ñiŋooje ummoraade e ardiiɓe luulndo ko wayi no Ibrahim Imam.[citation ina haani] === Jeertinaango e teskagol jokkondire === Ko adii kuudetaa 1966 mo [[Najiriya|Najeriya]] 1966, Bello heɓi jeertinaango e gardagol diiwaan Hirnaange Samuel Akintola, e Birigadier Samuel Ademulegun. === Warngo === Ñande 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Bello waraa bee jaariwol Major Chukwuma Nzeogwu ko o ofisee konu Naajeeriya nder kuudetaaji kalluɗi kalluɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. Haa jooni o woni ko e wonde gardiiɗo worgo leydi Najeriya e oon sahaa. Ko ngol woni go’o ko kuudetaa e nder daartol leydi Nigeria, tinndinooje gargol militeer en e nder dawrugol politik leydi ndii. Wallitii kadi e nder kuudetaa oo ko sehil makko ɓooyɗo biyeteeɗo Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e sara eliteeji politik keewɗi to bannge worgo e bannge hirnaange.[yiyde ina haani] Bello ina joginoo rewɓe tato e sahaa nde o maayi. Hafsatu, debbo makko mawɗo, maayi e sara makko. Omo joginoo ɓiɓɓe rewɓe tato wuurɓe e debbo goɗɗo, Amina (Goggon Kano). Ɓiyiiko debbo mawɗo oo ko Inno, Aisaa e Lubatu. == Lefol e siftorde == Ko ɓuri mawnude e ko Bello rokki ko ƴellitde e hawrude e yimɓe ceertuɓe e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Hoɗorde makko keeriinde to Kaduna, jooni ina wiyee Arewa House (Gidan Arewa), wayliima wonti musee e nokku ɗo wiɗtooji e binndanɗe daartol njuɓɓiniraa e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello. === Daraja === Ahmadu Bello nuɗɗini dow kala Naajeeriya, e ɓii aadama’en fuu, ɓe tagaama no fotiri, ɓe hokki ɓe hakkeeji ɗi Allah hokki ɓe hakkeeji nder maajum ko nguurdam, ndimu, potal, barkeeji e jokkirgol welwelo. E nder nguurndam makko politik e ko adii ɗuum, omo joginoo nehdi toowndi e moƴƴere hakkille. === Inɗe nokkuuje === Nokkuuji e monumndaaji keewɗi e nder leydi ndi inniraama e teddungal Sardauna. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello to Zaria inniraa ko innde makko. Natal makko ina faarnoroo kaalis 200 naira. == Galle == == Ƴeew kadi == Republique Naajeeriya arandeere == Janngude ko ɓeydi == Ahmadu bello; Nguurndam am, Jaaynde Jaami’aare Cambridge, hitaande 1962.[[File:Ahmadu Bello Premier of the Northern Region of Nigeria 1960 Oak Ridge (24650572060).jpg|thumb]] ==Tuugnorɗe== === Ciimtol === {{Reflist}} [[Category:Stub]] == Early political career == [[File:Nigerian_Public_Domain_23.jpg|thumb]] Nder duuɓi 1940, o hawti e ''Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa'', ko ɓaawo ɗun o warti ka partiiɓe yimɓe lesdi fuunaaŋge (NPC) nder hitaande 1951. Nder hitaande 1948, o yahi Ingiltere dow dowla dowla ngam janngude jaangoore laamu nguu, ɗum ɓeydi anndal maako dow laamu. === Lallaaɗo politik === Caggal nde o wurtini diga Britaniya, o daranii ngam darnugo lesdi Sokoto nder suudu suudu leydi. Bana ardiiɗo jamma, o laati wolde mawnde ngam ɓaleeɓe woyla e o jaɓɓi laabi haɓɓuki e haɓɓuki bee wakiilooji mawɓe dow emirateji woyla bano Kano, Bornu e Sokoto. O suɓi bee yimɓe feere bana go'o nder komiteeji ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓeydani leydi Richards nden o ɗon yahda ha jaajol mawɗo nder [[Ibadan]]. Kuugal maako nder jamiroore nden e nder komiteeji jaɓugo dooka waɗi mo mo anndaaki haa woyla nden o noddi mo o jaɓɓa dow ardiiɓe nder Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa. Nder suɓaaji arandeeji ɗi waɗii nder lesdi Nigeria fuunaare nder 1952, Sir Ahmadu Bello heɓii nokkuure nder suudu lesdi fuunaare, o warti arandeejo nder suudu mawɗo lesdi ndi ngam o laati arandeejo kuuɗe. Bello waɗi hooreejo golle, laamu nguu e ɓamtaare ummatoore, e ɓamtaari e jaaynde to lesdi Naajeeriya. Nder 1954, Bello laati arandeejo lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya. === Hakkillo lesdi Nigeria === Nder suɓaaji leydi 1959 Bello waɗi NPC ngam heɓugo ɓurna jooɗorde nder paltoor. NPC Bello waɗi haaki e NCNC Dr. [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] (National Council of [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] e Cameroons) ngam haaki lesdi Nigeria dowla lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi ɗi ardii ngam heɓugo hoore mum daga lesdi lesdi Britaniya. Nder tagguki laamu hooreejo lesdi Nigeria nder hitaande 1960, Bello no hooreejo NPC, suɓi ngam jooɗugo hooreejo lesdi lesdi Nigeria e dow hooreejo lesdi e dow hooreeɗo lesdi e hooreejo lesdi, [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]]. ==firooji== q0mngbxrlm6j1v1cpzymbzljgom8ijp 0 5732 177643 40571 2026-07-01T05:35:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360639764|Alhassan Dantata]]" 177643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alhassan Dantata''' ((Listenⓘ); Arabic: ال حسان دان تاتا, romanized: al-Ḥasan ɗan Tātā; 1877 – 17 August 1955) was a Nigerian businessman and philanthropist. Through his trade with large British companies, he became one of the wealthiest men in West Africa during his time.: 159  He is the great-grandfather of [[Aliko Dangote]], the wealthiest person in Nigeria and Africa. == Ɓiɗɗo == Dantata jibinaa nder hitaande 1877 nder Bebeji, [[Kano]] Emirate. Mawɓe maako ɗiɗo fuu ɓe ɓe ardiiɓe karwaani'en ɓe mari ardiiɓe 'madugu' diga Agalawa. Agalawa'en ɓeen ɓeen ko yimɓe ɓe ɓeen ɓe ɓeen ɗowtani ɓeen ɓe'e ɓeen ɓe mawɓe Tuareg'en ("irelewen"). 380 Baaba Dantata, Abdullahi, o ɓiɗɗo feere mawɗo kuuɓowo Agalawa, Baba Talatin, mo wari diga Katsina. Ɓaawo Abdullahi danygol, Baba Talatin ƴetti diga Danshayi, gariiri manngal ko naati kiloomeetira 15 diga Kano, haa Madobi. Nde Abdullahi tokki kuuɗe baaba maako, o ɗon yahra nder laawol kuuɓal Nupe e Gonja. Ɓaawo ɗon o warti jaaynoowo mo marɗo jawdi ngam jaaynde ko'e, dabbaaji, e maccuɓe ngam kolanuts diga daande Akan nder [[Gana|Ghana]] hannde. Madobi fuɗɗii wonde nokkuure Abdullahi fuɗɗii haandi haa ɓaawo danygol Dantata e hitaande 1877, nde o jeyi Bebeji, wuro feere e wuro fortinaaku haa worgo Kano. O maayi nder hitaande 1885 nden o haɓɓii nder wuro Bebeji maako. : 380 ">&#x3A;&#x200A;380&#x200A;: 85 : 85  [[File:Caravane_Haoussa_transportant_le_kola.jpg|left|thumb|Karawan Hausa nder 1895]] Maami Dantata boo "koowo feere feere feere feere nder nokkuure nden". Caggal maayde Abdullahi, debbo on waawataa wareede ngam o mari anndal. O ɓeydi o jeyi to [[Akra|Accra]], wakkati oon nokkuure jaaynde mawnde nder British Gold Coast, o acci ɓiɓɓe maako to debbo mo o maccuɗo biyeteeɗo Tata. Kuugal maako nder ɓesdaaki maako waɗi o laami 'ɗan Tata', ma'ana "Ɓiɗɗo Tata".: 381-382 : 85: 85  Caggal nde o maayi ɓurna jawdi maako diga baaba maako, Dantata fuɗɗi huutore ngam heɓugo hoore maako nder wakkati o ɗon jaŋde janngirde Qur'aan. Tata ɓeydi mo ngam hisna ɗuuɗal ceede maako, haa o soodi mo ''asusu'' (boote ceede ceede), ɗum haa jooni nder saare Dantata. To o woodi duuɓi 15, o hawti e gariiri go'o yaaki Gonja ngam yahugo maama maako nder Accra, ngam o yiɗi yahugo dow jawdi maako, to o yiɗi yaaki hoore maako. Ammaa, nyalnde go'o caggal nde o wari, o hooti mo to Mallam (moofi diina Islaam) o tori mo o jooɗoto ton haa o jeyaa ngam o warugo to Kano. Nder wakkati maajum, Dantata jooɗii bana almajiri. Caggal janngirde maako, o haani hokki nyaamdu ngam o hokki hoore maako e Mallam maako. Ha juulde e juulde, Alhassan huuwi ngam heɓugo ceede, o hokki ɗuuɗal ma'a haa Mallam maako. : 382–383 : 382–383  Dantata ɗon nder Bebeji wakkati [[Basasa War|konu Kano]] (ko Basasa) fuɗɗii nder hitaande 1893 e ɗon ɗon haa hitaande 1895. Wondiral ngal waɗi hakkunde yimɓe ɗiɗo ɓe ɓe ɓe nganndi dow laamu, [[Mohammed Tukur|Tukur]] e Yusufu. Ngam Agalawa'en ɗon wallina Tukur, yimɓe Yusufawa ɗon jeyaaɓe bee yimɓe Agalawa mawɓe, hawti bee Bebeji. konu timmi nde [[Aliyu Babba|Aliyu]], ɓiyum Yusufu, heɓii laamu. Ngam maajum, feere feere Agalawa ɓe njaɓɓi ɓe ɓe ɓe njooɗoto nder lesdi haa ɓaawo jooɗorde lesdi lesdi lesdi Kano. Ammaa Dantata, e deerɗi maako Bala e Sidi, ɓe mbaawataa haɗugo ɓe naŋgita ɓe, ɓe ɓe mbaawake ɓe njaɓɓa ɓe maccu. : 383  Walaa ko anndira dow wakkati Dantata nder maccuɓe, ammaa, woodi feere feere feere feere dow haala haala haala Abdulkarim Umar Dan Asabe. Ko haala arande wi'i o hooti Garko, ammaa o hisni hoore maako ɓaawo konu. Ɗo ɗiɗaɓo holli o suɓii hoore maako e Sidi bee huutore jawdi maako. E wi'uki haala tataɓo, o hooti rimɗude, ɓaawo maajum o hisni bandiraawo maako Bala nder hitaande 1925. Ko ɗum waɗi, o hootiima nde o hooti, o jokki e karwaani gonji, o hootii to mum to Accra. :: 383  Ha hitaande 1914, e dow umroore kawtal kiitaaku Emir [[Muhammad Abbas (laamiiɗo Kano)|Muhammad Abbas]], Dantata waawi heɓugo wuro baaba mum haa Bebeji. == Kuugal == [[File:Groundnut_Pyramids.jpg|thumb|248x248px|Piramidaji njamndi naftiraama bana ɗo ɓe ɗon ɗoola ngam njamndi njamndi. Nder caka karnijum 20, cuuɗi ɗi ɗon naftira nder lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓurna nder Kano. Dantata wondi go'oto nder ɓurɓe jaɓugo ɗum e ɓurɓe ɓeydaade.]] Dantata ɗon nder Bebeji wakkati soorɓe British ɓe naati Emirate Kano nder 1 feebari, 1903, ɓe naati gariiri ɓaawo sarki maayi. O jooɗii ton haa laawol ɗon laaɓina. Nden o yahi to British Gold Coast, o yahdi [[Ibadan]] e Lagos, o yaha Accra nder maayo. Ɓaawo ɗon, o fuɗɗi naftoraade laawol ngol ngam jaɓɓugo kolanuts'en to Lagos, to o jaɓɓina ɓe to jaaynooɓe yaaki Kano, o laati gooto nder jaaynoowo arandeeji ngal fuɗɗii naftoraade ɗeen laawol ngam jaaynde. Nder hitaande 1906, o haɓɓii kuuɗe maako bee huuwugo beads, necklaces, e labbal Europe. Caggal maayde baaba mum e 1908, o waɗi golle mum haa Kano e Lagos. : 206 : 206  Nder wakkati maajum, Dantata dilli haa gariiri Kano o waɗi wuro nder gariiri Sarari, ɗum ɓurna fuu ɗon walaa. E ɓeydagol jaɓɓorgal geɗal leydi to lesdi lesdi Nigeria, Niger Company (ko ɓaawo ɗun je je je je ɗon je ɗon jeye nder United Africa Company) fuɗɗi hawtaade e jaɓɓooɓe je ɗon ɗon haandi nder lesdi ndin e laawol emir e hooreejo maɓɓe, [[Adamu Jakada]]. Ha 1918, ɓaawo Dantata haani haade e jaayɗe, Dantata waɗi haade mawɗe e jaayɓe ngam ɓe ngurtina geese. Koni maako nder jaaynde nder maayo e anndal ngalngal Farayse hokki mo ɓurna dow feere Kano je ɗon huuwugo bee jaaynde. Fuuɗol maako e no o ɗon jooɗoto e yonki maako hokki mo "ngam ɓurnugo jawdi bee saffugo". : 86 O ɓaawo o laati marɗo jaayndeejo Niger Company nden, to 1922, gooto e yimɓe ɓurɓe risku nder Kano. : 141 : 141  Gila 1926, Dantata huutori laawol ferel ɓesngu footi ngam ɓamtude jaaynde daande e Lagos e ɓamtude jawdi kolanuute e hirnaange Naijeriya.: 206  Ha 1929, nde Banki Afrik hirnaange British maɓɓiti tawi to Kano, o waɗi ko o waɗi ko e cappanɗe ɗiɗi e kamel e fe'i, o laati marɗo kuugal Kano arandeeji huutorooɓe banki. : 385  Ha 1940s, o soodi e jaayndi ko 20,000 ton njamndi nder hitaande. Nder wakkati maajum, Naijeriya laati go'o nder ɓe'e mawɓe ɓe'e ɓe'e nder duuniyaaru, bee lesdi Kano ɗon hokkata ɓesdi e fe'ere nder ɓe'en. : 28 : 28  Ha fuɗɗoode duuɓi 1950, e walliida United Africa Company (UAC), o laati importator dirtiɗo jaayndeeji daga Europe. O laati wakiilu mawɗo UAC nden o heɓii ceede haa £500,000 ngam jaɓugo leɗɗe. Nder 1953, o laati ardiiɗo jaayndeere jaayndeejo jaayndeeje lesdi Naijeriya. O hawtiino e nder jaɓɓorgo, jaɓɓorgal jaɓɓorgol, jaɓɓorde, e jaɓɓorɗe, e jaŋde, e golle e jaɓɓorde jaɓɓorle. Ɓiɓɓe maako tati, Ahmadu, Sanusi e [[Aminu Dantata|Aminu]], ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon laara lesdi, nyiɓugo, huutugo e jaaynde nder kuugal, bee tagdi go'oto ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗowol. : 207 : 207  == Siyasal == Nder duuɓi 1940's, Dantata walliima haɓɓugo Kano Traders' General Conference, je laatake Amalgamated Northern Merchants' Union (ANMU) nder duuɓi 1950's fu. ANMU heɓii walligo diga Jaŋde Fuuta e Dowla lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko'e maɓɓe ɓe mbi'i wonde "ko'e maɓɓe woni hooreejo lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi fu". Nder hitaande 1950, [[Abdullahi Bayero]], Emir Kano, suɓini Dantata nder Kawtal Emirate Kano ngam darnugo jaayndiyankooɓe e gollaade bana laamuɗo dow kuuɗe jaayndi. Dantata, koɗo Hausa tan nder kawral [[Pullo|Fulani]], ɗum yi'ii no Emir huutoraade ngam yahrugo hawtaade e dow darnde Hausa nder kawrol e dow darɗe mawɗe feere nder laamu leydi ndii. : 203–204 : 203–204  Nder duuɓi 1950 e 1960, NPC, jamiroore politik ɓurɗe mawnude nder lesdi Nigeria fuunaare wakkatiire nden, ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa ngam yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon jaɓa nder lesdi, hawti bee saare Dantata ɓe ɗon ɗon jeyaaɓe jamiroore nden. Ammaa, ɓiɓɓe Dantata ɗiɗo, [[Aminu Dantata|Aminu]] e Mahmudu, ɓe anndi ɓe ardiiɓe NEPU, wonde partiijo sosialis je je je je mari ɓurɗum haɓaago NPC nder lesdi Fuuta. Dantata waɗi ɓiyum'en ɓe ɓe njogii NPC, ngam, e wi'a Aminu, " baaba am ɓe njaɓataa ɗum beɗeeje ngam yi'ugo ɓiyum ɗon haɓana e sistem". Aminu ɓaawo ɗon ɓe njogini NPC ɓe cuɓɓi to suudu suudu suudu suudu leydi, to Mahmud ɓe cuɓani to partiya ɓaawo e duuɓi 1960 ɓe cuɓini to Fedde leydi e hitaande 1964, ɓe cuɓii ngam haɓugo e ɓe cuɓɓa ardiiɗo NEPU [[Malam Aminu Kano|Aminu Kano]]. :: 113  : 159-161 [[Ahmadu Dantata|Ahmadu]], goomu NPC e ɓiyum Dantata, boo o haɓɓi bee Aminu Kano nder suɓaaji 1956 ngam suudu lesdi lesdi lesdi. : 328 : 333 : 333  == Firooji == Dantata waɗi haaj (''hajj'') to Makka nder ndiyam nder duuɓi 1920. Nder yaadu ndu, o yahi to Ingiltere nden o holliti George V. E hitaande 1927, o jaɓɓi yimɓe 16 ngam jaɓɓaade Makka, hawti e Mallam makko gila nde o jooɗii e Almajiri e Accra e fuɗɗoode 1890s. O tokki kuuɗe ɗe nder yonki maako fuu, o sembiɗini ɓiɓɓe maako ngam ɓe tokki aada. Ɓiɗɗo maako, Aminu, e ɓikkoy maako, bana Mariya Sanusi Dantata, e ɓikkon maako, hawti e [[Aliko Dangote]], ɓe ɗon mari ceede haa ɓe njahi Makka nder hitaande fuu. Dantata annditiima ngam habbugo daande leɗɗe ngam talaka'en hitaande kala nder Eid al-Kabir. == Maayi == Nder hitaande 1955, Dantata ɗon nyawdi masin. Nde o anndi no nyau maako ɓurdi ɓurndi, o noddi garbaajo maako mo o ɗon jaɓɓa jawdi duuɓi 38, Garba Maisikeli, e ɓikkoy maako. O wi'i ɓe nyalnde maako ɗon ɓadake, o torooɓe ɓe njooɗoto. O ɗon hawta ɓurugo ngam jaayɗe ɗe o waɗi, Alhassan Dantata & Sons, o ɗon toro ɓe ngam ɓe tabbitina ɗe naa' ɓe maaki. O tori ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗon ɓe kawta nder saare ngam ɓe mbaadi e ɓe ɗon ɓe ɓeyda bee haɓaaki bee ɓe ceede nder Kano. O wi'iɓe ɓe njogii bandiraaɓe maɓɓe, ɓurɓe boo ɓe ɓeen ɓe ɓeen. Balɗe tati ɓaawo maajum, nder nyalnde arde, 17 Agust 1955, o maayi nder ɗaani maako. O haɓɓii nder wuro maako nder suudu Sarari. : 389  Ngam Dantata ɗon jogii ko'e dow dow dow, o ɗon huutoroowo banki tan to kuuɗe maako yiɗi ɗum, walaa mo anndi bee ko'e laaɓɗum ko o mari.: 206  Caggal maayde maako, ko'e maako tan ɗon mari deftere ceeki ngam kuuje Kano ɗiɗi fuu, bee ceeki ɓurɗi £ 30. E walliida e saare maako, feere jawdi maako ɗon anndinaama ngam laamorde Kano, ko haani haaki £350,000 nder lesdi Naajeeriya, ngam ɓe acci ɗaɓɓugo maako.: 128  Ɓaawo ɗun, o acci ɓurugo tati e miliyaar feewde, ɓurna fu e nder ceede. : 206 : 206  [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tnww4drbn0jdjgqeq4e25dpkkgls0dz 177644 177643 2026-07-01T05:35:54Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alhassan Dantata''' ((Listenⓘ); Arabic: ال حسان دان تاتا, romanized: al-Ḥasan ɗan Tātā; 1877 – 17 August 1955) was a Nigerian businessman and philanthropist. Through his trade with large British companies, he became one of the wealthiest men in West Africa during his time.: 159  He is the great-grandfather of [[Aliko Dangote]], the wealthiest person in Nigeria and Africa. == Ɓiɗɗo == Dantata jibinaa nder hitaande 1877 nder Bebeji, [[Kano]] Emirate. Mawɓe maako ɗiɗo fuu ɓe ɓe ardiiɓe karwaani'en ɓe mari ardiiɓe 'madugu' diga Agalawa. Agalawa'en ɓeen ɓeen ko yimɓe ɓe ɓeen ɓe ɓeen ɗowtani ɓeen ɓe'e ɓeen ɓe mawɓe Tuareg'en ("irelewen"). 380 Baaba Dantata, Abdullahi, o ɓiɗɗo feere mawɗo kuuɓowo Agalawa, Baba Talatin, mo wari diga Katsina. Ɓaawo Abdullahi danygol, Baba Talatin ƴetti diga Danshayi, gariiri manngal ko naati kiloomeetira 15 diga Kano, haa Madobi. Nde Abdullahi tokki kuuɗe baaba maako, o ɗon yahra nder laawol kuuɓal Nupe e Gonja. Ɓaawo ɗon o warti jaaynoowo mo marɗo jawdi ngam jaaynde ko'e, dabbaaji, e maccuɓe ngam kolanuts diga daande Akan nder [[Gana|Ghana]] hannde. Madobi fuɗɗii wonde nokkuure Abdullahi fuɗɗii haandi haa ɓaawo danygol Dantata e hitaande 1877, nde o jeyi Bebeji, wuro feere e wuro fortinaaku haa worgo Kano. O maayi nder hitaande 1885 nden o haɓɓii nder wuro Bebeji maako. : 380 ">&#x3A;&#x200A;380&#x200A;: 85 : 85  [[File:Caravane_Haoussa_transportant_le_kola.jpg|left|thumb|Karawan Hausa nder 1895]] Maami Dantata boo "koowo feere feere feere feere nder nokkuure nden". Caggal maayde Abdullahi, debbo on waawataa wareede ngam o mari anndal. O ɓeydi o jeyi to [[Akra|Accra]], wakkati oon nokkuure jaaynde mawnde nder British Gold Coast, o acci ɓiɓɓe maako to debbo mo o maccuɗo biyeteeɗo Tata. Kuugal maako nder ɓesdaaki maako waɗi o laami 'ɗan Tata', ma'ana "Ɓiɗɗo Tata".: 381-382 : 85: 85  Caggal nde o maayi ɓurna jawdi maako diga baaba maako, Dantata fuɗɗi huutore ngam heɓugo hoore maako nder wakkati o ɗon jaŋde janngirde Qur'aan. Tata ɓeydi mo ngam hisna ɗuuɗal ceede maako, haa o soodi mo ''asusu'' (boote ceede ceede), ɗum haa jooni nder saare Dantata. To o woodi duuɓi 15, o hawti e gariiri go'o yaaki Gonja ngam yahugo maama maako nder Accra, ngam o yiɗi yahugo dow jawdi maako, to o yiɗi yaaki hoore maako. Ammaa, nyalnde go'o caggal nde o wari, o hooti mo to Mallam (moofi diina Islaam) o tori mo o jooɗoto ton haa o jeyaa ngam o warugo to Kano. Nder wakkati maajum, Dantata jooɗii bana almajiri. Caggal janngirde maako, o haani hokki nyaamdu ngam o hokki hoore maako e Mallam maako. Ha juulde e juulde, Alhassan huuwi ngam heɓugo ceede, o hokki ɗuuɗal ma'a haa Mallam maako. : 382–383 : 382–383  Dantata ɗon nder Bebeji wakkati [[Basasa War|konu Kano]] (ko Basasa) fuɗɗii nder hitaande 1893 e ɗon ɗon haa hitaande 1895. Wondiral ngal waɗi hakkunde yimɓe ɗiɗo ɓe ɓe ɓe nganndi dow laamu, [[Mohammed Tukur|Tukur]] e Yusufu. Ngam Agalawa'en ɗon wallina Tukur, yimɓe Yusufawa ɗon jeyaaɓe bee yimɓe Agalawa mawɓe, hawti bee Bebeji. konu timmi nde [[Aliyu Babba|Aliyu]], ɓiyum Yusufu, heɓii laamu. Ngam maajum, feere feere Agalawa ɓe njaɓɓi ɓe ɓe ɓe njooɗoto nder lesdi haa ɓaawo jooɗorde lesdi lesdi lesdi Kano. Ammaa Dantata, e deerɗi maako Bala e Sidi, ɓe mbaawataa haɗugo ɓe naŋgita ɓe, ɓe ɓe mbaawake ɓe njaɓɓa ɓe maccu. : 383  Walaa ko anndira dow wakkati Dantata nder maccuɓe, ammaa, woodi feere feere feere feere dow haala haala haala Abdulkarim Umar Dan Asabe. Ko haala arande wi'i o hooti Garko, ammaa o hisni hoore maako ɓaawo konu. Ɗo ɗiɗaɓo holli o suɓii hoore maako e Sidi bee huutore jawdi maako. E wi'uki haala tataɓo, o hooti rimɗude, ɓaawo maajum o hisni bandiraawo maako Bala nder hitaande 1925. Ko ɗum waɗi, o hootiima nde o hooti, o jokki e karwaani gonji, o hootii to mum to Accra. :: 383  Ha hitaande 1914, e dow umroore kawtal kiitaaku Emir [[Muhammad Abbas (laamiiɗo Kano)|Muhammad Abbas]], Dantata waawi heɓugo wuro baaba mum haa Bebeji. == Kuugal == [[File:Groundnut_Pyramids.jpg|thumb|248x248px|Piramidaji njamndi naftiraama bana ɗo ɓe ɗon ɗoola ngam njamndi njamndi. Nder caka karnijum 20, cuuɗi ɗi ɗon naftira nder lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓurna nder Kano. Dantata wondi go'oto nder ɓurɓe jaɓugo ɗum e ɓurɓe ɓeydaade.]] Dantata ɗon nder Bebeji wakkati soorɓe British ɓe naati Emirate Kano nder 1 feebari, 1903, ɓe naati gariiri ɓaawo sarki maayi. O jooɗii ton haa laawol ɗon laaɓina. Nden o yahi to British Gold Coast, o yahdi [[Ibadan]] e Lagos, o yaha Accra nder maayo. Ɓaawo ɗon, o fuɗɗi naftoraade laawol ngol ngam jaɓɓugo kolanuts'en to Lagos, to o jaɓɓina ɓe to jaaynooɓe yaaki Kano, o laati gooto nder jaaynoowo arandeeji ngal fuɗɗii naftoraade ɗeen laawol ngam jaaynde. Nder hitaande 1906, o haɓɓii kuuɗe maako bee huuwugo beads, necklaces, e labbal Europe. Caggal maayde baaba mum e 1908, o waɗi golle mum haa Kano e Lagos. : 206 : 206  Nder wakkati maajum, Dantata dilli haa gariiri Kano o waɗi wuro nder gariiri Sarari, ɗum ɓurna fuu ɗon walaa. E ɓeydagol jaɓɓorgal geɗal leydi to lesdi lesdi Nigeria, Niger Company (ko ɓaawo ɗun je je je je ɗon je ɗon jeye nder United Africa Company) fuɗɗi hawtaade e jaɓɓooɓe je ɗon ɗon haandi nder lesdi ndin e laawol emir e hooreejo maɓɓe, [[Adamu Jakada]]. Ha 1918, ɓaawo Dantata haani haade e jaayɗe, Dantata waɗi haade mawɗe e jaayɓe ngam ɓe ngurtina geese. Koni maako nder jaaynde nder maayo e anndal ngalngal Farayse hokki mo ɓurna dow feere Kano je ɗon huuwugo bee jaaynde. Fuuɗol maako e no o ɗon jooɗoto e yonki maako hokki mo "ngam ɓurnugo jawdi bee saffugo". : 86 O ɓaawo o laati marɗo jaayndeejo Niger Company nden, to 1922, gooto e yimɓe ɓurɓe risku nder Kano. : 141 : 141  Gila 1926, Dantata huutori laawol ferel ɓesngu footi ngam ɓamtude jaaynde daande e Lagos e ɓamtude jawdi kolanuute e hirnaange Naijeriya.: 206  Ha 1929, nde Banki Afrik hirnaange British maɓɓiti tawi to Kano, o waɗi ko o waɗi ko e cappanɗe ɗiɗi e kamel e fe'i, o laati marɗo kuugal Kano arandeeji huutorooɓe banki. : 385  Ha 1940s, o soodi e jaayndi ko 20,000 ton njamndi nder hitaande. Nder wakkati maajum, Naijeriya laati go'o nder ɓe'e mawɓe ɓe'e ɓe'e nder duuniyaaru, bee lesdi Kano ɗon hokkata ɓesdi e fe'ere nder ɓe'en. : 28 : 28  Ha fuɗɗoode duuɓi 1950, e walliida United Africa Company (UAC), o laati importator dirtiɗo jaayndeeji daga Europe. O laati wakiilu mawɗo UAC nden o heɓii ceede haa £500,000 ngam jaɓugo leɗɗe. Nder 1953, o laati ardiiɗo jaayndeere jaayndeejo jaayndeeje lesdi Naijeriya. O hawtiino e nder jaɓɓorgo, jaɓɓorgal jaɓɓorgol, jaɓɓorde, e jaɓɓorɗe, e jaŋde, e golle e jaɓɓorde jaɓɓorle. Ɓiɓɓe maako tati, Ahmadu, Sanusi e [[Aminu Dantata|Aminu]], ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon laara lesdi, nyiɓugo, huutugo e jaaynde nder kuugal, bee tagdi go'oto ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗowol. : 207 : 207  == Siyasal == Nder duuɓi 1940's, Dantata walliima haɓɓugo Kano Traders' General Conference, je laatake Amalgamated Northern Merchants' Union (ANMU) nder duuɓi 1950's fu. ANMU heɓii walligo diga Jaŋde Fuuta e Dowla lesdi Naajeeriya. Ko'e maɓɓe ɓe mbi'i wonde "ko'e maɓɓe woni hooreejo lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi fu". Nder hitaande 1950, [[Abdullahi Bayero]], Emir Kano, suɓini Dantata nder Kawtal Emirate Kano ngam darnugo jaayndiyankooɓe e gollaade bana laamuɗo dow kuuɗe jaayndi. Dantata, koɗo Hausa tan nder kawral [[Pullo|Fulani]], ɗum yi'ii no Emir huutoraade ngam yahrugo hawtaade e dow darnde Hausa nder kawrol e dow darɗe mawɗe feere nder laamu leydi ndii. : 203–204 : 203–204  Nder duuɓi 1950 e 1960, NPC, jamiroore politik ɓurɗe mawnude nder lesdi Nigeria fuunaare wakkatiire nden, ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa ngam yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon jaɓa nder lesdi, hawti bee saare Dantata ɓe ɗon ɗon jeyaaɓe jamiroore nden. Ammaa, ɓiɓɓe Dantata ɗiɗo, [[Aminu Dantata|Aminu]] e Mahmudu, ɓe anndi ɓe ardiiɓe NEPU, wonde partiijo sosialis je je je je mari ɓurɗum haɓaago NPC nder lesdi Fuuta. Dantata waɗi ɓiyum'en ɓe ɓe njogii NPC, ngam, e wi'a Aminu, " baaba am ɓe njaɓataa ɗum beɗeeje ngam yi'ugo ɓiyum ɗon haɓana e sistem". Aminu ɓaawo ɗon ɓe njogini NPC ɓe cuɓɓi to suudu suudu suudu suudu leydi, to Mahmud ɓe cuɓani to partiya ɓaawo e duuɓi 1960 ɓe cuɓini to Fedde leydi e hitaande 1964, ɓe cuɓii ngam haɓugo e ɓe cuɓɓa ardiiɗo NEPU [[Malam Aminu Kano|Aminu Kano]]. :: 113  : 159-161 [[Ahmadu Dantata|Ahmadu]], goomu NPC e ɓiyum Dantata, boo o haɓɓi bee Aminu Kano nder suɓaaji 1956 ngam suudu lesdi lesdi lesdi. : 328 : 333 : 333  == Firooji == Dantata waɗi haaj (''hajj'') to Makka nder ndiyam nder duuɓi 1920. Nder yaadu ndu, o yahi to Ingiltere nden o holliti George V. E hitaande 1927, o jaɓɓi yimɓe 16 ngam jaɓɓaade Makka, hawti e Mallam makko gila nde o jooɗii e Almajiri e Accra e fuɗɗoode 1890s. O tokki kuuɗe ɗe nder yonki maako fuu, o sembiɗini ɓiɓɓe maako ngam ɓe tokki aada. Ɓiɗɗo maako, Aminu, e ɓikkoy maako, bana Mariya Sanusi Dantata, e ɓikkon maako, hawti e [[Aliko Dangote]], ɓe ɗon mari ceede haa ɓe njahi Makka nder hitaande fuu. Dantata annditiima ngam habbugo daande leɗɗe ngam talaka'en hitaande kala nder Eid al-Kabir. == Maayi == Nder hitaande 1955, Dantata ɗon nyawdi masin. Nde o anndi no nyau maako ɓurdi ɓurndi, o noddi garbaajo maako mo o ɗon jaɓɓa jawdi duuɓi 38, Garba Maisikeli, e ɓikkoy maako. O wi'i ɓe nyalnde maako ɗon ɓadake, o torooɓe ɓe njooɗoto. O ɗon hawta ɓurugo ngam jaayɗe ɗe o waɗi, Alhassan Dantata & Sons, o ɗon toro ɓe ngam ɓe tabbitina ɗe naa' ɓe maaki. O tori ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗon ɓe kawta nder saare ngam ɓe mbaadi e ɓe ɗon ɓe ɓeyda bee haɓaaki bee ɓe ceede nder Kano. O wi'iɓe ɓe njogii bandiraaɓe maɓɓe, ɓurɓe boo ɓe ɓeen ɓe ɓeen. Balɗe tati ɓaawo maajum, nder nyalnde arde, 17 Agust 1955, o maayi nder ɗaani maako. O haɓɓii nder wuro maako nder suudu Sarari. : 389  Ngam Dantata ɗon jogii ko'e dow dow dow, o ɗon huutoroowo banki tan to kuuɗe maako yiɗi ɗum, walaa mo anndi bee ko'e laaɓɗum ko o mari.: 206  Caggal maayde maako, ko'e maako tan ɗon mari deftere ceeki ngam kuuje Kano ɗiɗi fuu, bee ceeki ɓurɗi £ 30. E walliida e saare maako, feere jawdi maako ɗon anndinaama ngam laamorde Kano, ko haani haaki £350,000 nder lesdi Naajeeriya, ngam ɓe acci ɗaɓɓugo maako.: 128  Ɓaawo ɗun, o acci ɓurugo tati e miliyaar feewde, ɓurna fu e nder ceede. : 206 : 206  [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ==firooji== n8o8tffm7kdzw480a4xf3lyucu6hkzl 0 11606 177704 103472 2026-07-01T11:55:53Z Isa Oumar 9821 177704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Akanu Ibiam KCMG KBE''' (29 noowammbar 1906 - 1 lewru juko hitaande 1995), ko misioneer tedduɗo to bannge safaara, toɗɗaaɗo guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange, leydi Najeriya tuggi lewru Duujal 1960 haa lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e sahaa laamu leydi Najeriya gadano. Tuggude e hitaande 1919 haa 1951, o anndiranoo ko Farayse Ibiyam, tuggi 1951 haa 1967, o inniraa ko Sir Farayse Ibiyam. Caggal ndeen sahaa, o woppi tiitoonde makko e innde makko, o anndiraa tan ko Akanu Ibiam hay so tawii teddungal ngal o wiyi o artiri ngal, laamu Angalteer woppaani ɗum. == Duuɓi gadani == Ibiam jibinaa ko to Unwana, Afikpo, to diiwaan Ebonyi ñalnde 29 noowammbar 1906, ko o leñol Igbo. Ko kanko woni ɓiy mawɗo Ibiam, jeyaaɗo to Unwana.[2] Baaba maako ɓaawo man warti laamiiɗo aada, Eze Ogo Isiala I mo Unwana e Osuji mo Uburu, nder laamu Naajeeriya. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell, to Calabar, e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, to Lagos, caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Itu e Uburu.[3] Ibiam meeɗaa toɗɗaade jaagorde, kono o suɓaama, o toɗɗaama mawɗo e nder Egliis Presbyterian.[2] O toɗɗaa ofisee tedduɗo e nder Ordre de l'Empire britannique (OBE) e nder teddungal hitaande hesere 1949 ngam golle makko e nder misioneer safaara e nder Egliis Ecoppi, o toɗɗaa kadi koolaaɗo kuuɓal teddungal e nder Ordre de l'Empire britannique (KBE) e nder teddungal hitaande hesere 1951 substan]6. Ibiam woni hooreejo kawtal Kerecee'en lesdi Naajeeriya (1955-1958).[7] E hitaande 1957 o toɗɗaa hooreejo duɗal Hope Waddell.[3] E hitaande 1959 Ibiam woni hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. E njillu makko to Rodesi worgo, o saliima golloraade e nder kafe keeriiɗo ngam ɓaleeɓe, huunde nde wonti huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi.[6] E hitaande 1962, o woni hooreejo goomu sosngu Kapel Protestan to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Naajeeriya, Nsukka Campus.[8] E nder ardungal ndimu leydi Naajeeriya, Ibiam golliima e nder laamu nokkuyankeewu, e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan Fuɗnaange, e nder suudu sarɗiiji e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Caggal nde Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Ibiam toɗɗaama guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange. Ñalnde 24 lewru bowte hitaande 1962, o toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal e nder fedde wiyeteende Saint-Michel e Saint-George (KCMG).[9] Ibiam jokki laamu haa kuudetaa konu ñalnde 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966, addani Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi laamu.[3] Lomtiiɗo mo, kolonel Emeka Ojukwu, riiwi Ibiam ɗoon e ɗoon e suudu laamu to Enugu. Caggal ɗuum, Emeka wonti hooreejo leydi Biafra ceertundi.[10] == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == E nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya e hitaande 1967–1970, Ibiam walliri Biafranaaɓe no feewi, o walliri heɓde ballal rewrude e jokkondiral makko e eklesiya. Ko o gooto e hooreeɓe njeegomo Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji (WCC), Ibiam haaliino e batu WCC to Uppsala, Suwed, e lewru sulyee 1968 ɗo caɗeele ballal mooliiɓe yeewtaa. Mawɗo Bola Ige, jaagorgal Egliis diiwaan Afrik hirnaange ina tawtoraa kadi, o hollitii wonde innde « Biafra » ndee ina rewee e kuulal WCC, sibu ɗuum ina firta jaɓgol dowla oo. Kono Ibiam ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e ƴellitde ƴettugol weeyo jamma ngam wallitde Biafra.[11] E hitaande 1969, o yahi leydi Kanadaa ngam dañde ballal e ballal yimɓe Biafra. Ibiam wartiri laamu maako, o woppi innde maako nde Engeleere, Francis, ngam o sedda ballal laamu Biritaniya dow ballal laamu lesdi Naajeeriya.[12] == Duuɓi caggal ɗuum == Caggal wolde ndee, Ibiam jokki golle mum e mahngo e sarwisaaji safrirde. Ibiam woni hooreejo kawtal Bibel lesdi Naajeeriya e kawtal nyawndiigu Kirista'en. O wonti hooreejo kawtal ekklesiyaaji Afrik fuu.[3] Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Akanu Ibiam Ibiam maayi ko ñalnde 1 sulyee 1995. Ko ɓuri 20 000 neɗɗo tawtoraama wirwirnde makko to Unwana.[12] Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Akanu Ibiam, Enugu, Politeknik Fedde Akanu Ibiam, Unwana, Diiwaan Ebonyi, e Stade Francis Akanu Ibiam Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, Nsukka ina inniree inɗe makko. == Ƴeew kadi == Doggol yimɓe Igbo Doggol yimɓe ummoriiɓe diiwaan Ebonyi [[Category:Stub]] l6p3fcpb57c5f9iktltc34ri5axblpu 177705 177704 2026-07-01T11:57:33Z Isa Oumar 9821 177705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Akanu Ibiam KCMG KBE''' (29 noowammbar 1906 - 1 lewru juko hitaande 1995), ko misioneer tedduɗo to bannge safaara, toɗɗaaɗo guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange, leydi Najeriya tuggi lewru Duujal 1960 haa lewru Yarkomaa 1966 e sahaa laamu leydi Najeriya gadano. Tuggude e hitaande 1919 haa 1951, o anndiranoo ko Farayse Ibiyam, tuggi 1951 haa 1967, o inniraa ko Sir Farayse Ibiyam. Caggal ndeen sahaa, o woppi tiitoonde makko e innde makko, o anndiraa tan ko Akanu Ibiam hay so tawii teddungal ngal o wiyi o artiri ngal, laamu Angalteer woppaani ɗum. == Duuɓi gadani == Ibiam jibinaa ko to Unwana, Afikpo, to diiwaan Ebonyi ñalnde 29 noowammbar 1906, ko o leñol Igbo. Ko kanko woni ɓiy mawɗo Ibiam, jeyaaɗo to Unwana.[2] Baaba maako ɓaawo man warti laamiiɗo aada, Eze Ogo Isiala I mo Unwana e Osuji mo Uburu, nder laamu Naajeeriya. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell, to Calabar, e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, to Lagos, caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Itu e Uburu.[3] Ibiam meeɗaa toɗɗaade jaagorde, kono o suɓaama, o toɗɗaama mawɗo e nder Egliis Presbyterian.[2] O toɗɗaa ofisee tedduɗo e nder Ordre de l'Empire britannique (OBE) e nder teddungal hitaande hesere 1949 ngam golle makko e nder misioneer safaara e nder Egliis Ecoppi, o toɗɗaa kadi koolaaɗo kuuɓal teddungal e nder Ordre de l'Empire britannique (KBE) e nder teddungal hitaande hesere 1951 substan]6. Ibiam woni hooreejo kawtal Kerecee'en lesdi Naajeeriya (1955-1958).[7] E hitaande 1957 o toɗɗaa hooreejo duɗal Hope Waddell.[3] E hitaande 1959 Ibiam woni hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. E njillu makko to Rodesi worgo, o saliima golloraade e nder kafe keeriiɗo ngam ɓaleeɓe, huunde nde wonti huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi.[6] E hitaande 1962, o woni hooreejo goomu sosngu Kapel Protestan to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Naajeeriya, Nsukka Campus.[8] E nder ardungal ndimu leydi Naajeeriya, Ibiam golliima e nder laamu nokkuyankeewu, e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan Fuɗnaange, e nder suudu sarɗiiji e nder suudu sarɗiiji. Caggal nde Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Ibiam toɗɗaama guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange. Ñalnde 24 lewru bowte hitaande 1962, o toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal e nder fedde wiyeteende Saint-Michel e Saint-George (KCMG).[9] Ibiam jokki laamu haa kuudetaa konu ñalnde 15 lewru Yarkomaa 1966, addani Seneraal Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi laamu.[3] Lomtiiɗo mo, kolonel Emeka Ojukwu, riiwi Ibiam ɗoon e ɗoon e suudu laamu to Enugu. Caggal ɗuum, Emeka wonti hooreejo leydi Biafra ceertundi.[10] == Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya == E nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya e hitaande 1967–1970, Ibiam walliri Biafranaaɓe no feewi, o walliri heɓde ballal rewrude e jokkondiral makko e eklesiya. Ko o gooto e hooreeɓe njeegomo Fedde Adunaare Eklesiyaaji (WCC), Ibiam haaliino e batu WCC to Uppsala, Suwed, e lewru sulyee 1968 ɗo caɗeele ballal mooliiɓe yeewtaa. Mawɗo Bola Ige, jaagorgal Egliis diiwaan Afrik hirnaange ina tawtoraa kadi, o hollitii wonde innde « Biafra » ndee ina rewee e kuulal WCC, sibu ɗuum ina firta jaɓgol dowla oo. Kono Ibiam ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e ƴellitde ƴettugol weeyo jamma ngam wallitde Biafra.[11] E hitaande 1969, o yahi leydi Kanadaa ngam dañde ballal e ballal yimɓe Biafra. Ibiam wartiri laamu maako, o woppi innde maako nde Engeleere, Francis, ngam o sedda ballal laamu Biritaniya dow ballal laamu lesdi Naajeeriya.[12] == Duuɓi caggal ɗuum == Caggal wolde ndee, Ibiam jokki golle mum e mahngo e sarwisaaji safrirde. Ibiam woni hooreejo kawtal Bibel lesdi Naajeeriya e kawtal nyawndiigu Kirista'en. O wonti hooreejo kawtal ekklesiyaaji Afrik fuu.[3] Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Akanu Ibiam Ibiam maayi ko ñalnde 1 sulyee 1995. Ko ɓuri 20 000 neɗɗo tawtoraama wirwirnde makko to Unwana.[12] Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Akanu Ibiam, Enugu, Politeknik Fedde Akanu Ibiam, Unwana, Diiwaan Ebonyi, e Stade Francis Akanu Ibiam Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, Nsukka ina inniree inɗe makko. == Ƴeew kadi == Doggol yimɓe Igbo Doggol yimɓe ummoriiɓe diiwaan Ebonyi [[Category:Stub]] s3ar09tuipultjx9jqyhz4fd3x5xhzb 0 26181 177678 97016 2026-07-01T07:09:52Z ~2026-37518-76 14951 177678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Shahrdari-Bam-1397-98.jpg|thumb|Kouyestaan Khosrawi]] [[File:Iranian-Football-League-1397-98.jpg|thumb|Iranian-Football-League]] '''Koueistan Khosravi''' (e ɗemngal Perse: کویستان خسروی;1] jibinaa ko ñalnde 24 noowammbar 1986) ko fukuyanke Iraannaajo, fiyoowo ko no difaade fedde fuku koyɗe rewɓe Kowsar wiyeteende FC Shahrdari Bam. O woniino tergal e kippu ngenndiijo mawɗo rewɓe Iraan.<ref name="FD">{{Cite web|url=https://footballdokht.ir/player/166-%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C.html|title=کویستان خسروی|language=fa|access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>. O jeyaa ko [[Saqqez]]. == Tuugnorgal == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Iranian women]] [[Category:Stub]] 8kebvx4suz26fsxan7yqxha9uoa0oyu 0 29145 177653 108641 2026-07-01T05:45:41Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350059178|Margaret Ekpo]]" 177653 wikitext text/x-wiki Chief '''Margaret Ekpo''' CFR OON // (laar) i (27 lewru Yuli 1914 - 21 Septemba 2006) ko debbo Nigeria mo jogori hakkiilo rewɓe e moƴƴinaaki ummatoore, o woni politikko debbo mo woni ardiiɗo nder leydi leydi ndii e ardiiɗo darnde rewɓe Nigeria Mawɗo, ɓe ɗuuɗɓe maɓɓe ɓe ɓe ɓeen ɓe ɓeen ɓalli rewɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓeydoo ɓe ɓeydude e ɓeydooɓe ɓeydooji. O waɗi huutorɗe mawɗe no politikal leydi e leydi nder wuro [[Aba]] nder fuunaaŋge Naijeriya, o haɓɓi e hakkillaaji rewɓe ɗon, nder wakkati fuunaaŋgal e fuunaaŋgel e fuunaangol worɓe to hoore mum. == Ɓiɗɗo e jaŋde == Margaret Ekpo jibini nder Creek Town, Cross River State, to saare Okoroafor Obiasulor [mo wari diga Aguluzigbo, gariiri nder Anaocha Local Government Area nder [[Diiwal Aanambaara|Anambra State]]] e Inyang Eyo Aniemikwe. Nder laawol mum, o wondi goomu wuro laamiiɗo King [[Eyo Honesty II]] of Creek Town. O heɓii ko'e mum jeegooɗeeje jeegooɗe nder jaaynde nde o jaɓii nder hitaande 1934. Ammaa, ko o yiɗi jaangooɓe ɓeydooɓe nder jannginooɓe, ɓe njogii caggal maayde baaba maako nder 1934. Nden o fuɗɗi gollaago bana jannginoowo nder jannginooɓe. O waree doktoor, John Udo Ekpo, nder hitaande 1938. O wari diga yimɓe Ibibio, nden o wari diga yimɓe Igbo e Efik. Ɓaawo ɗon ɓe njaara Aba. Nder hitaande 1946, o heɓii fursatugo janngugo nder lesdi feere haa ko jooni woni [[Dublin]]_Institute_of_Technology" id="mwRg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dublin Institute of Technology">Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin Ireland. O heɓii diploma nder anndal lesdi e nder warugo lesdi Nigeria o waɗi suudu anndal lesdi bee jaɓɓugo nder Aba. Nden o laati mo'o haaki hakkiilo rewɓe, kuugal ngal o ɗon jaɓɓa dow hooreejo [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]]. == Firo siyasa == === Fedde politik fuɗɗam === [[File:Nigerian_Public_Domain_389.jpg|thumb|310x310px|Margaret Ekpo nder duuɓi maako]] Ekpo'en arande hawti e hawti e safaara siyasa debbo nder hitaande 1945; gorko maako ɗon ɓeyda dow no maamolɓe koloniyaal'en ɗon kuuwa doktoor'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ammaa bana mawɗo ummaatoore, o waawataa yahugo kawtal ngam haala haala. Ekpo ɗon yahda haa kawtal ɗi'en nder nokkuure maako. Kawtal ngal timmi ngam anndugo kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe laamu koloniyaaru nder gariiri, be ngam haɓugo e ɓeydaaku aada e ɓeydi ɓeydi e nder jaajol. O yahi e nder jamirooje politik nden o woni debbo tan ɗon ɗon ɗon, o yi'i haalaaji ɗi [[Mbonu Ojike]], [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] e [[Herbert Macaulay]] ɗon ɗon wi'a. Ha fuɗɗam duuɓi sappo, o haɓɓii kawtal rewɓe nder wuro Aba ngam haɓɓugo rewɓe nder gariiri. O huutori kawtal ngam semmbina jokkondiral rewɓe bana nokku ngam haɓugo ngam hakkeeji jawdi rewɓe, hakkille jawdi e hakkeeji siyasa ɓesngu. === Kuugal === Ekpo'en anndal ɓeydaaki hakkiiloji ngam hakkeeji yimɓe ngam rewɓe nder duuniyaaru waɗi mo ngam ɗaɓɓugo ko bo'o ngam rewɓe e lesdi maako e ngam haɓugo bee kuugal politik e yimɓe ɓe ɗon halki e nder hakkiilo rewɓe. O ɗon haani rewɓe nder lesdi feere, hawti e ɓe nder lesdi Britaaniya, ɗon ɗon haɓɓa ngam hakkeeji yimɓe e ɓe ɗon mari wolde nderji siyasa e nderji lesdi ɓurugo rewɓe maɓɓe nder lesdi Nigeria. O ɓeydi jokkondirde e Kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Kamerun (NCNC), ngam darnde ngam darnde yimɓe ɓe ɓe njokki. Nder duuɓi 1950, o hawti bee [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] ngam haɓugo ngam warugo nder kuuje njamndi nder kuuje [[Enugu]]; marɓe ɗon jeyaaɓe ngam haɓugo e kuuje koloniyaal nder kuuje. E hitaande 1954, o waɗi kawtal rewɓe Aba Township Women Association. Bana ardiiɗo kawtal kesal kesal ngal, o mari baawɗe heɓugo haalude rewɓe ɗuuɗɓe nder gariiri nden o wartiri ɗum kawtal siyasa. Ha 1955, rewɓe nder Aba ɓe ɓuri yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe njoɓdi nder nder nder gariiri fuu. Nder 1959, Ekpo waɗi ko NCNC noddi to wuro lesdi lesdi, to o huuwi haa o suɓii to wuro lesdi ɓaawo duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi. Bana ardiiɗo, o yahdi dow dow dow dow haala rewɓe nder nokkuure maako bee ardiiɗo suudu ardiiɓe, ardiiɗo Janet Mokelu. O heɓii nokkuure nder suudu lesdi fuunaaŋge nder hitaande 1961, nokkuure nde hokki mo laawol ngam haɓugo ngam hawtuki rewɓe wakkatiire nden. Ha taariiɗe, woodi hulɓinaaku dow ɓamtaare rewɓe nder kuuje jawdi e siyasa, ɓurna fuu nder fannuuji haɓɓuki haɓɓuki nder laawol mawɗi yahugo to fannuji e haɓɓuki gariiri e nder leydi fuu. Ekpo'en nder siyasa timmini bee fuɗɗugo konu lesdi lesdi lesdi Naijeriya. Nder wakkati oon, o haɓɓani hooreejo leydi Biafra duuɓi tati nder kaso, o walaa nyaamdu nyaamdu. === Anndinnde === Caggal nde laamu militaari timmini leydi fuɗnaange, o waɗi laawol feere nder siyasa. E hitaande 2001, haaje Calabar fuɗɗii innde Margaret Ekpo International Airport. O maayi duuɓi jowi ɓaawo ɗum e hitaande 2006. == Firooji == ldin52r3rtaijpp830lk4f255lpwnmk 177654 177653 2026-07-01T05:45:56Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Chief '''Margaret Ekpo''' CFR OON // (laar) i (27 lewru Yuli 1914 - 21 Septemba 2006) ko debbo Nigeria mo jogori hakkiilo rewɓe e moƴƴinaaki ummatoore, o woni politikko debbo mo woni ardiiɗo nder leydi leydi ndii e ardiiɗo darnde rewɓe Nigeria Mawɗo, ɓe ɗuuɗɓe maɓɓe ɓe ɓe ɓeen ɓe ɓeen ɓalli rewɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓeydoo ɓe ɓeydude e ɓeydooɓe ɓeydooji. O waɗi huutorɗe mawɗe no politikal leydi e leydi nder wuro [[Aba]] nder fuunaaŋge Naijeriya, o haɓɓi e hakkillaaji rewɓe ɗon, nder wakkati fuunaaŋgal e fuunaaŋgel e fuunaangol worɓe to hoore mum. == Ɓiɗɗo e jaŋde == Margaret Ekpo jibini nder Creek Town, Cross River State, to saare Okoroafor Obiasulor [mo wari diga Aguluzigbo, gariiri nder Anaocha Local Government Area nder [[Diiwal Aanambaara|Anambra State]]] e Inyang Eyo Aniemikwe. Nder laawol mum, o wondi goomu wuro laamiiɗo King [[Eyo Honesty II]] of Creek Town. O heɓii ko'e mum jeegooɗeeje jeegooɗe nder jaaynde nde o jaɓii nder hitaande 1934. Ammaa, ko o yiɗi jaangooɓe ɓeydooɓe nder jannginooɓe, ɓe njogii caggal maayde baaba maako nder 1934. Nden o fuɗɗi gollaago bana jannginoowo nder jannginooɓe. O waree doktoor, John Udo Ekpo, nder hitaande 1938. O wari diga yimɓe Ibibio, nden o wari diga yimɓe Igbo e Efik. Ɓaawo ɗon ɓe njaara Aba. Nder hitaande 1946, o heɓii fursatugo janngugo nder lesdi feere haa ko jooni woni [[Dublin]]_Institute_of_Technology" id="mwRg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dublin Institute of Technology">Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin Ireland. O heɓii diploma nder anndal lesdi e nder warugo lesdi Nigeria o waɗi suudu anndal lesdi bee jaɓɓugo nder Aba. Nden o laati mo'o haaki hakkiilo rewɓe, kuugal ngal o ɗon jaɓɓa dow hooreejo [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]]. == Firo siyasa == === Fedde politik fuɗɗam === [[File:Nigerian_Public_Domain_389.jpg|thumb|310x310px|Margaret Ekpo nder duuɓi maako]] Ekpo'en arande hawti e hawti e safaara siyasa debbo nder hitaande 1945; gorko maako ɗon ɓeyda dow no maamolɓe koloniyaal'en ɗon kuuwa doktoor'en lesdi Naajeeriya, ammaa bana mawɗo ummaatoore, o waawataa yahugo kawtal ngam haala haala. Ekpo ɗon yahda haa kawtal ɗi'en nder nokkuure maako. Kawtal ngal timmi ngam anndugo kuuɗe feere-feere ɗe laamu koloniyaaru nder gariiri, be ngam haɓugo e ɓeydaaku aada e ɓeydi ɓeydi e nder jaajol. O yahi e nder jamirooje politik nden o woni debbo tan ɗon ɗon ɗon, o yi'i haalaaji ɗi [[Mbonu Ojike]], [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] e [[Herbert Macaulay]] ɗon ɗon wi'a. Ha fuɗɗam duuɓi sappo, o haɓɓii kawtal rewɓe nder wuro Aba ngam haɓɓugo rewɓe nder gariiri. O huutori kawtal ngam semmbina jokkondiral rewɓe bana nokku ngam haɓugo ngam hakkeeji jawdi rewɓe, hakkille jawdi e hakkeeji siyasa ɓesngu. === Kuugal === Ekpo'en anndal ɓeydaaki hakkiiloji ngam hakkeeji yimɓe ngam rewɓe nder duuniyaaru waɗi mo ngam ɗaɓɓugo ko bo'o ngam rewɓe e lesdi maako e ngam haɓugo bee kuugal politik e yimɓe ɓe ɗon halki e nder hakkiilo rewɓe. O ɗon haani rewɓe nder lesdi feere, hawti e ɓe nder lesdi Britaaniya, ɗon ɗon haɓɓa ngam hakkeeji yimɓe e ɓe ɗon mari wolde nderji siyasa e nderji lesdi ɓurugo rewɓe maɓɓe nder lesdi Nigeria. O ɓeydi jokkondirde e Kawtal lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Kamerun (NCNC), ngam darnde ngam darnde yimɓe ɓe ɓe njokki. Nder duuɓi 1950, o hawti bee [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] ngam haɓugo ngam warugo nder kuuje njamndi nder kuuje [[Enugu]]; marɓe ɗon jeyaaɓe ngam haɓugo e kuuje koloniyaal nder kuuje. E hitaande 1954, o waɗi kawtal rewɓe Aba Township Women Association. Bana ardiiɗo kawtal kesal kesal ngal, o mari baawɗe heɓugo haalude rewɓe ɗuuɗɓe nder gariiri nden o wartiri ɗum kawtal siyasa. Ha 1955, rewɓe nder Aba ɓe ɓuri yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe njoɓdi nder nder nder gariiri fuu. Nder 1959, Ekpo waɗi ko NCNC noddi to wuro lesdi lesdi, to o huuwi haa o suɓii to wuro lesdi ɓaawo duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi. Bana ardiiɗo, o yahdi dow dow dow dow haala rewɓe nder nokkuure maako bee ardiiɗo suudu ardiiɓe, ardiiɗo Janet Mokelu. O heɓii nokkuure nder suudu lesdi fuunaaŋge nder hitaande 1961, nokkuure nde hokki mo laawol ngam haɓugo ngam hawtuki rewɓe wakkatiire nden. Ha taariiɗe, woodi hulɓinaaku dow ɓamtaare rewɓe nder kuuje jawdi e siyasa, ɓurna fuu nder fannuuji haɓɓuki haɓɓuki nder laawol mawɗi yahugo to fannuji e haɓɓuki gariiri e nder leydi fuu. Ekpo'en nder siyasa timmini bee fuɗɗugo konu lesdi lesdi lesdi Naijeriya. Nder wakkati oon, o haɓɓani hooreejo leydi Biafra duuɓi tati nder kaso, o walaa nyaamdu nyaamdu. === Anndinnde === Caggal nde laamu militaari timmini leydi fuɗnaange, o waɗi laawol feere nder siyasa. E hitaande 2001, haaje Calabar fuɗɗii innde Margaret Ekpo International Airport. O maayi duuɓi jowi ɓaawo ɗum e hitaande 2006. == Firooji == c0yc6k1c6u3rmrz37gsz2a9xksqhwdl 0 34222 177640 143151 2026-07-01T05:32:32Z Adamu mc 10501 177640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Musa Mustapha (Kulas''') (jibinaa ko 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1975) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya, jooni ko senaateer diiwaan Yobe Fuɗnaange e nder diiwaan Yobe.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jirgi|first=Hussaini|date=2024-01-07|title=Yobe East: Mustapha Picks APC Ticket To Succeed Son-in-Law Geidam|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|url=https://leadership.ng/yobe-east-mustapha-picks-apc-ticket-to-succeed-son-in-law-geidam/|access-date=2024-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Abubakar|first=Uthman|date=2024-02-04|title=BREAKING: INEC declares APC's Mustapha Yobe East senator|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-inec-declares-apcs-mustapha-yobe-east-senator/|access-date=2024-06-12|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == e4e24tqy6b03px5x92gknw61tmzutd1 0 42221 177657 174415 2026-07-01T05:49:21Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the section "Politics" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357251573|Anthony Enahoro]]" 177657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mawɗo '''Anthony Eromosele Enahoro''' CFR (22 [[lewru]] juko hitaande 1923 – 15 [[lewru]] desaambar 2010)<ref>{{cite news|date=2018-12-15|title=Remembering Anthony Eronsele Enahoro: Adolor of Uromi, Okaku"o of Edoland|last=Asika-Enahoro|first=Maureen|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/remembering-anthony-eronsele-enahoro-adolor-of-uromi-okakuo-of-edoland/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-09-18|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> ko gooto e ɓurɓe waawde haɓaade koloñaal e daraniiɓe demokaraasi e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|date=2017-10-01|title=Five Independence Day Heroes|last=Muoka|first=Chidera|url=https://guardian.ng/life/life-features/five-independence-day-heroes/|access-date=2024-09-18|location=Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> O jibinaa ko mawɗo e nder sukaaɓe sappo to Uromi, hannde ko diiwaan Edo to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Jibnaaɓe makko Esan en ko Anastasiyus Okotako Enahoro (1900-1968) e Fideliya Viktooriya Inibokun jibinaaɗo e Ogbidi Okojie (1906-1969).<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography – Anthony Enahoro Foundation|url=https://anthonyenahoro.org/biography/|access-date=2024-07-04}}</ref> Enahoro ina joginoo golle juutɗe, teeŋtuɗe e nder jaayɗe, politik, golle laamu e dille daraniiɗe demokaraasi. Janngi to duɗal laamu, Uromi, duɗal laamu, Owo e duɗal laamɗo, [[Lagos]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Adesulu|first=Dayo|date=2016-09-29|title=Nigeria at 56: What Education was like before independence|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/09/nigeria-at-56-what-education-was-like-before-independence/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-09-18|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Enahoro wonti ardiiɗo jaaynde [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]], ''Defender'' [[Naajeeriya]] Fombina, Ibadan, nder hitaande 1944 nde o mari duuɓi 21, non o laati ardiiɗo jaaynde [[Naajeeriya]] ɓurdunde famɗugo.<ref>{{cite news|date=2006-01-01|title=Chief Anthony Enahoro speaks!|url=https://saharareporters.com/2006/01/01/chief-anthony-enahoro-speaks|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2021-07-10|agency=[[Sahara Reporters]]|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Caggal ɗuum o wonti gardiiɗo jaaynde wiyeteende Zik’s Comet, to [[Kano]], e hitaande 1945-49, o woni gardiiɗo jaaynde Pilot [[Afrik]] hirnaange, to [[Lagos]], e gardiiɗo jaaynde wiyeteende ''Morning Star'' gila 1950 haa 1953.<ref name="vanguard">{{cite news|date=2010-12-26|title=Enahoro:Tribute to a statesman|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/12/enahorotribute-to-a-statesman/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-07-10|first=OClifford|last=Ogbeide|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> E hitaande 1953, Enahoro woni gadano ƴettude kuulal ngam heɓde ndimaagu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ngal heɓi ɗum e hitaande 1960, caggal nde o waɗi caɗeele politik keewɗe e foolde e nder parlemaa.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-03|title=Resting places of some Nigeria's independence heroes|url=https://punchng.com/resting-places-of-some-nigerias-independence-heroes/|access-date=2021-07-10|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Enahoro ɗon laara janngirde e Naajeeriya'en ɗuuɗɓe, bana "Baaba lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]".<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-03|title=Resting places of some Nigeria's independence heroes|url=https://punchng.com/resting-places-of-some-nigerias-independence-heroes/|access-date=2021-07-10|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Motion maako arandeere ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ɓustugo nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi ndi'i, nden terɗe suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi ndin waɗi walkout ngam daliila motion man.<ref>{{cite news|date=2021-02-25|title=Anthony Enahoro, A Journalist Who Moved Motion For Nigeria's Independence In 1953|url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/02/25/anthony-enahoro-a-journalist-who-moved-motion-for-nigerias-independence-in-1953/|access-date=2024-07-04|work=Nigerian Tracker}}</ref> Ko wonaa ɗuum koo, foolde e nder parlemaa, dille yimɓe puɗɗiima ngam saabaade ndee ɗoo dillere, jooni noon, ƴaañgol ngol ina jokki e dow koloñaal en, ina waɗi kadi dillere ngam jeytaare leydi Nijeer, walla ko famɗi fof, laamaade hoore mum. [[S. L. Akintola]] etinooma ƴeewtaade eɓɓaande ngam heɓde ndimaagu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1957 hay so tawii eɓɓaande makko ndee jaɓaama e parlemaa, laamuuji koloñaal Biritaan en njaɓaani ɗum, ɗum noon ɗum ronkaama.<ref>{{cite news|date=2013-05-02|title=Who Moved The Motion For Nigeria's Independence, By Fani-Kayode|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/132367-who-moved-the-motion-for-nigerias-independence-by-fani-kayode.html|access-date=2021-07-10|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> E [[lewru]] ut 1958, [[Remi Fani-Kayode]] ƴeewtindiima eɓɓaande Enahoro ndee, eɓɓaande ndee kadi jaɓaa e parlemaa kono ñalngu mum jaɓaaka e Angalteer. Eɓɓaande Fani-Kayode ndee noddiino yo [[Naajeeriya]] heɓ jeytaare mum ñalnde 2 abriil 1960. E nder ɓeydugol eɓɓaande Enahoro adannde ndee, Sir [[Abubakar Tafawa balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] ƴetti eɓɓaande woɗnde e nder parlemaa e hitaande 1959, nde jaɓaa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-10-10|title=The truth about the motion for Nigeria’s independence|url=https://dailytrust.com/the-truth-about-the-motion-for-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2025-06-10|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ngam batte ƴamol ngol, guwerneer koloñaal oo hollitii kuulal ngal laamu Biritaan ƴetti ngam rokkude ndimaagu mum e hitaande 1960. [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ndimaagu mum ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1960.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigeria - Independent Nigeria|publisher=Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Independent-Nigeria|access-date=2023-01-29}}</ref> ==Nguurndam gadano== Anthony Enahoro jibinaa ko mawɗo e nder sukaaɓe sappo to wuro Onewa, Uromi, to diiwaan Edo hannde oo, to leydi [[Naajeeriya]]. Won e banndiraaɓe makko ina jeyaa heen dipolomaat biyeteeɗo Edward, jaayndiyanke biyeteeɗo Peter ("Peter Pan"), jannginoowo biyeteeɗo Henry, Mike Enahoro, jaayndiyanke to Hukuuma Teleeji leydi Nijeer, Ben, Dan, Bess, Chris, e Emmanuel. Jibnaaɓe makko Esan en ko Anastasius Asuelinmen "Okotako" Enahoro (maayi 1968) e Fidelia Inibokun jibinaaɗo e Ogbidi Okojie (maayi 1969), laamɗo debbo e nder laamu [[Naajeeriya]].<ref name="vanguard2">{{cite news|date=2010-12-26|title=Enahoro:Tribute to a statesman|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/12/enahorotribute-to-a-statesman/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-07-10|first=OClifford|last=Ogbeide|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Enahoro ina joginoo golle juutɗe, teeŋtuɗe e nder jaayɗe, politik, golle laamu e dille daraniiɗe demokaraasi. Janngi e duɗal laamu Uromi, duɗal laamu Owo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗo, [[Lagos]], Enahoro wonti gardiiɗo jaaynde [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]], Defender leydi Nijeer to bannge worgo, to [[Ibadan]], e hitaande 1944 e duuɓi 21 fuɗɗoode kitaale 1940, ardi e murto almudɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to [[Lagos]] ɗo o wonnoo gardiiɗo almudɓe. O teskiima e politik e sahaa mbayliigu jaawngu. O nanngaama laabi ɗiɗi ngam laamu koloñaal, ngam winndannde nde o waɗi ngam ƴamɗe gonnooɗo guwerneer, nden boo ngam wolde nde o wi'i o ɗon ƴama sooja'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], ɓe ɗon huuwa nder konu Biritaniya. Biritaannaaɓe mbaɗti mo maande ko o ƴattoowo yiite, kono hay nde o nanngaa laabi tati, o woni ko e ƴeewtaade darnde makko.<ref name="Whiteman">{{cite news|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=2011-02-08|title=Chief Anthony Enahoro obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/08/chief-anthony-enahoro-obituary|access-date=2024-09-18|work=[[The Guardian]]|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Politik == E hitaande 1950, Enahoro e Artuur Perst cosi lannda wiyeteende ''Mid-Ouest.'' Enahoro fuɗɗino jaaynde ''Mid-West Pres''s nden o yaltini jaaynde [[Naajeeriya]] diga hitaande 1950 haa 1953. Lannda Mid-West nasti nder kawtal ''Action Group'' nder hitaande 1951.<ref>{{cite book|first=Henry Louis|last=Gates Jr.|author-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr.|author2=[[Emmanuel Akyeampong]]|author3=Steven J. Niven|title=Dictionary of African Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA302|year=2012|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|page=302}}</ref> Enahoro wonnoo ko nulaaɗo e ko ɓuri heewde e batuuji doosɗe leydi jowitiiɗi e jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1960.<ref name="Whiteman2">{{cite news|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=2011-02-08|title=Chief Anthony Enahoro obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/08/chief-anthony-enahoro-obituary|access-date=2024-09-18|work=[[The Guardian]]|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> E nder caɗeele [[Naajeeriya]] caggal kuudetaaji 1966, Enahoro woni hooreejo delegaasiyoŋ ''Mid-West'' e oon sahaa, to batu doosɗe leydi Ad Hoc to [[Lagos]]. Caggal ɗuum o wonti Komisariyaa Fedde nde (Ministeer) ngam humpito e golle e les njiimaandi laamu konu Seneraal [[Yakubu Gowon]], 1967–74 ; Komisinaajo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam kuuɗe feere-feere, 1975. Baawo man o warti tergal lanyol lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], NPN, 1978–83. Ko kanko woni hooreejo, Fedde Adunaare Naalankaagal e Pinal Negro, 1972–75.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-07-10|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> Enahoro wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde wiyeteende NADECO, fedde daraniinde demokaraasi, haɓannde diktatoor [[Sani Abacha]] haa Abacha sankii. Enahoro rokkaama teddungal ngenndiwal Kumannda, yamiroore Republique Fédérale, CFR, e hitaande 1982, o woniino hooreejo Dillere ngam Reforme Ngenndiire, MNR, kam e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (PRONACO). O heɓi DSC tedduɗo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin e hitaande 1972. Binndanɗe makko ina njeyaa heen deftere wiyeteende ''Fugitive Offender''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|title=Power in an Emergent African Nation|series=Princeton Legacy Library|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=1963|page=269|jstor=j.ctt183q1zx|isbn=1400878233}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fani-Kayode|first=Femi|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201009270537.html|title=The Truth About the Motion for Independence|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|via=[[allAfrica]]|date=2010-09-27|access-date=2024-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=2024-09-18|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/12/enahoro-was-a-titan-says-fani-kayode/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Enahoro was a titan, says Fani-Kayode|date=2010-12-15|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> === Kiriis to Hirnaange leydi Naajeeriya === E nder kiris 1962 to diiwaan ɓooyɗo hirnaange, o nanngaa e wondude e terɗe fedde ''Action Group'' goɗɗe. Tuumaaɗo janfa e nder ñaawoore Awolowo tuumaande waɗde kuudetaa, Enahoro dogi rewrude e leydi Gana fayde leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1963, [[Naajeeriya]] ɗaɓɓiri Enahoro yoɓeede e nder hitaande 1881, haɗi mo ɗaɓɓude asilo politik. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1963, hooreejo keso lannda Labour, hono Harold Wilson, yiyti hersa mo nanngugol Enahoro e kasoo addani mo. Labour yahii e njanngu nguu e nder suudu sarɗiiji, e ballal won e Tories, e ballondiral e furore media. O meeɗiino wonde gooto e Naajeeriyankooɓe ɓurɓe anndeede e nder leydi Angalteer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chief Enahoro (Hansard, 21 March 1963)|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1963/mar/21/chief-enahoro|access-date=2021-07-10|website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref> Ko kanko woni "tooñoowo dognoowo" baɗnooɗo balɗe jeewte e nder suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1963 nde o haɓata e yoɓde leydi ndii. "Haala Enahoro" wonti haala jojjanɗe aadee feewde e yiɗde laamu nguu ɓuuɓngu ngam waasde tooñde leydi Nijeer, e waɗtude gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono [[Harold Macmillan]], e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono [[Henry Brooke]], e ngonka caɗtuka. O yaltinaa leydi Angalteer, o sokaa sabu janfa. E hitaande 1966, laamu konu nguu woppi mo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anthony Enahoro|publisher=Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries|url=https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/people/historicalpeople/anthony-enahoro|access-date=2024-07-05}}</ref> == Pijirlooji == Enahoro ummorii ko e nokkuuji dingiral. O fiyi golf, o rewi e kirikit e dow yarlitaare. O ɓuri waawde fijooji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King's College'', o heɓi kadi teddineede wonde ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] gadano heɓde tergal e fedde golf to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O dañii jippinde handicap makko e nder limooje goote e nder nguurndam makko juutɗam e golf. Ko kanko kadi woni baawɗo addude FESTAC e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e kitaale 1970, e nder oon sahaa Muhammad Ali e Pele fof njilliima leydi ndii ngam weltinde ɗum en no feewi. Ɓiɓɓe makko fof ina mbeltii e dingiral e nder duuɓi mum en jaŋde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, ina njuɓɓina Fulɓe, Rugby, Golf e Tennis. Kenneth (1953-2017) e Eugene ko walla ko golfooɓe yiɗɓe, kadi ko kamɓe ngoni terɗe sosɗe fedde ñalnde aset to fedde golf Benin. Annabella ina waɗa pilates, Gabriyel ko jom welo-welo no feewi. == Njawdi == E hitaande 1953, Anthony Enahoro fuɗɗii eɓɓoore laamu hoore mum e nder suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange, nde addani leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] heɓde ndimaagu mum ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1960.[12] == Caalaje == Enahoro woppi debbo mum Helen (nee Ediae) (1933–2012), ɓiɓɓe maɓɓe njoyo, taaniraaɓe e mawniraaɓe heewɓe.<ref name="Whiteman3">{{cite news|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=2011-02-08|title=Chief Anthony Enahoro obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/08/chief-anthony-enahoro-obituary|access-date=2024-09-18|work=[[The Guardian]]|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Defte == Dogɗo tooñoowo : daartol kasoo politik == Tuugnorgal == <references /> [[Category:Naajeeriya]] == Politics == Nder 1950, Enahoro e [[Arthur Prest]] waɗi partiji Mid-West. Enahoro ɗon fuɗɗii haɓɓuki Mid-West Press nden o wurtini The [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] newspaper diga 1950 haa 1953. Fedde Mid-West fuɗɗii warugo nder Goomu Kuuɓal nder hitaande 1951. Enahoro wondi darnde to ɓurɓe haalde kawtal ngal haalde hoore leydi Nigeria e hitaande 1960. Nder warugo lesdi Nigeria ɓaawo kolliɓe leydi e hitaande 1966, Enahoro woni ardiiɗo darnde lesdi Midwest to Ad Hoc Constitutional Conference e Lagos. O laatake hooreejo fedde (Minister for Information and Labour) nder laamu [[Yakubu Gowon]], 1967-74; hooreejo fedre ngam kuuɗe mawɗe, 1975. O ɓaawo o laati ardiiɗo lesdi lesdi Nigeria, NPN, 1978-83. O woni hooreejo, Fedde Fedde Fuuta Fedde e Fedde Negooɓe, 1972-75. Enahoro woni hooreejo National Democratic Coalition (NADECO), goomu je ɗon mari demokaraasi je ɗon haɓana mo'o wi'aɓe [[Sani Abacha]] haa Abacha maayi. Enahoro heɓii teddungal lesdi ngam ardiiɗo, Order of the Federal Republic, CFR, nder 1982, nden o laati hooreejo Movement for National Reformation, MNR, bana non boo Goomu Kawtal Pro-National ([[PRONACO|Pronaco]]). O heɓii DSC teddungal e Jaŋde Benin e hitaande 1972. Fuuɓal maako hawti e deftere Fugitive Offender. === Caggalgal nder hirnaange Nigeria === Nder warugo 1962 nder lesdi hirnaange, o jeyi bee yimɓe goɗɗi nder kawtal. E dow hakke haɓɓugo dow dow dow dow ko ɓe mbi'i dow dow dow nder dow dow dow, Enahoro ƴiwoyi laawol [[Gana|Ghana]] to leydi United Kingdom nder hitaande 1963, Nigeria waɗi ko haɓɓii e dow Enahoro nder nder nder nder sariya Fugitive Offenders Act nder hitaande 1881, ngam haɗugo dabare maako ngam heɓugo dammugal politik. Ha fuɗɗam 1963, ardiiɗo keso Labour, Harold Wilson, anndini ɓernde ɓernde nde Enahoro hawti e nder kaso. Labour waɗi haccuki nder suudu Commons, bee jaɓugo daga goɗɗe Toriji, e jaɓugo haccuki ha habaru. O wonnoo gooto e ɓurɓe anndude Nigeria e leydi Britaaniya. O woni "ko'o " mo " "ko'e " mo "ko'i " ko'o waɗi ko'e damal nder suudu leydi e hitaande 1963 nde o haɓɓi e jaaynde. "Ko'e Enahoro" laati dow hakkiilo yimɓe dow yiɗde laamu ngam naa' ɓe ɓeyda lesdi Nigeria, nden waɗi ardiiɗo lesdi Tory, Harold Macmillan, e mawɗo lesdi maako, Henry Brooke, nder haala ɓurna. O wurtini diga [[Biritaani-Mawndi|UK]] nden o haɓɓiti ngam ɓeydaaki. E hitaande 1966, laamu konu waɗi mo. 72ieukk7w9eiyisbsrvbzxs5mmfkatb 177658 177657 2026-07-01T05:49:47Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mawɗo '''Anthony Eromosele Enahoro''' CFR (22 [[lewru]] juko hitaande 1923 – 15 [[lewru]] desaambar 2010)<ref>{{cite news|date=2018-12-15|title=Remembering Anthony Eronsele Enahoro: Adolor of Uromi, Okaku"o of Edoland|last=Asika-Enahoro|first=Maureen|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/remembering-anthony-eronsele-enahoro-adolor-of-uromi-okakuo-of-edoland/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-09-18|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> ko gooto e ɓurɓe waawde haɓaade koloñaal e daraniiɓe demokaraasi e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|date=2017-10-01|title=Five Independence Day Heroes|last=Muoka|first=Chidera|url=https://guardian.ng/life/life-features/five-independence-day-heroes/|access-date=2024-09-18|location=Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> O jibinaa ko mawɗo e nder sukaaɓe sappo to Uromi, hannde ko diiwaan Edo to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Jibnaaɓe makko Esan en ko Anastasiyus Okotako Enahoro (1900-1968) e Fideliya Viktooriya Inibokun jibinaaɗo e Ogbidi Okojie (1906-1969).<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography – Anthony Enahoro Foundation|url=https://anthonyenahoro.org/biography/|access-date=2024-07-04}}</ref> Enahoro ina joginoo golle juutɗe, teeŋtuɗe e nder jaayɗe, politik, golle laamu e dille daraniiɗe demokaraasi. Janngi to duɗal laamu, Uromi, duɗal laamu, Owo e duɗal laamɗo, [[Lagos]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Adesulu|first=Dayo|date=2016-09-29|title=Nigeria at 56: What Education was like before independence|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/09/nigeria-at-56-what-education-was-like-before-independence/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-09-18|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Enahoro wonti ardiiɗo jaaynde [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]], ''Defender'' [[Naajeeriya]] Fombina, Ibadan, nder hitaande 1944 nde o mari duuɓi 21, non o laati ardiiɗo jaaynde [[Naajeeriya]] ɓurdunde famɗugo.<ref>{{cite news|date=2006-01-01|title=Chief Anthony Enahoro speaks!|url=https://saharareporters.com/2006/01/01/chief-anthony-enahoro-speaks|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2021-07-10|agency=[[Sahara Reporters]]|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Caggal ɗuum o wonti gardiiɗo jaaynde wiyeteende Zik’s Comet, to [[Kano]], e hitaande 1945-49, o woni gardiiɗo jaaynde Pilot [[Afrik]] hirnaange, to [[Lagos]], e gardiiɗo jaaynde wiyeteende ''Morning Star'' gila 1950 haa 1953.<ref name="vanguard">{{cite news|date=2010-12-26|title=Enahoro:Tribute to a statesman|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/12/enahorotribute-to-a-statesman/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-07-10|first=OClifford|last=Ogbeide|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> E hitaande 1953, Enahoro woni gadano ƴettude kuulal ngam heɓde ndimaagu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ngal heɓi ɗum e hitaande 1960, caggal nde o waɗi caɗeele politik keewɗe e foolde e nder parlemaa.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-03|title=Resting places of some Nigeria's independence heroes|url=https://punchng.com/resting-places-of-some-nigerias-independence-heroes/|access-date=2021-07-10|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Enahoro ɗon laara janngirde e Naajeeriya'en ɗuuɗɓe, bana "Baaba lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]".<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-03|title=Resting places of some Nigeria's independence heroes|url=https://punchng.com/resting-places-of-some-nigerias-independence-heroes/|access-date=2021-07-10|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Motion maako arandeere ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ɓustugo nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi ndi'i, nden terɗe suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi ndin waɗi walkout ngam daliila motion man.<ref>{{cite news|date=2021-02-25|title=Anthony Enahoro, A Journalist Who Moved Motion For Nigeria's Independence In 1953|url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/02/25/anthony-enahoro-a-journalist-who-moved-motion-for-nigerias-independence-in-1953/|access-date=2024-07-04|work=Nigerian Tracker}}</ref> Ko wonaa ɗuum koo, foolde e nder parlemaa, dille yimɓe puɗɗiima ngam saabaade ndee ɗoo dillere, jooni noon, ƴaañgol ngol ina jokki e dow koloñaal en, ina waɗi kadi dillere ngam jeytaare leydi Nijeer, walla ko famɗi fof, laamaade hoore mum. [[S. L. Akintola]] etinooma ƴeewtaade eɓɓaande ngam heɓde ndimaagu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1957 hay so tawii eɓɓaande makko ndee jaɓaama e parlemaa, laamuuji koloñaal Biritaan en njaɓaani ɗum, ɗum noon ɗum ronkaama.<ref>{{cite news|date=2013-05-02|title=Who Moved The Motion For Nigeria's Independence, By Fani-Kayode|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/132367-who-moved-the-motion-for-nigerias-independence-by-fani-kayode.html|access-date=2021-07-10|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> E [[lewru]] ut 1958, [[Remi Fani-Kayode]] ƴeewtindiima eɓɓaande Enahoro ndee, eɓɓaande ndee kadi jaɓaa e parlemaa kono ñalngu mum jaɓaaka e Angalteer. Eɓɓaande Fani-Kayode ndee noddiino yo [[Naajeeriya]] heɓ jeytaare mum ñalnde 2 abriil 1960. E nder ɓeydugol eɓɓaande Enahoro adannde ndee, Sir [[Abubakar Tafawa balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] ƴetti eɓɓaande woɗnde e nder parlemaa e hitaande 1959, nde jaɓaa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-10-10|title=The truth about the motion for Nigeria’s independence|url=https://dailytrust.com/the-truth-about-the-motion-for-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2025-06-10|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ngam batte ƴamol ngol, guwerneer koloñaal oo hollitii kuulal ngal laamu Biritaan ƴetti ngam rokkude ndimaagu mum e hitaande 1960. [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ndimaagu mum ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1960.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigeria - Independent Nigeria|publisher=Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Independent-Nigeria|access-date=2023-01-29}}</ref> ==Nguurndam gadano== Anthony Enahoro jibinaa ko mawɗo e nder sukaaɓe sappo to wuro Onewa, Uromi, to diiwaan Edo hannde oo, to leydi [[Naajeeriya]]. Won e banndiraaɓe makko ina jeyaa heen dipolomaat biyeteeɗo Edward, jaayndiyanke biyeteeɗo Peter ("Peter Pan"), jannginoowo biyeteeɗo Henry, Mike Enahoro, jaayndiyanke to Hukuuma Teleeji leydi Nijeer, Ben, Dan, Bess, Chris, e Emmanuel. Jibnaaɓe makko Esan en ko Anastasius Asuelinmen "Okotako" Enahoro (maayi 1968) e Fidelia Inibokun jibinaaɗo e Ogbidi Okojie (maayi 1969), laamɗo debbo e nder laamu [[Naajeeriya]].<ref name="vanguard2">{{cite news|date=2010-12-26|title=Enahoro:Tribute to a statesman|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/12/enahorotribute-to-a-statesman/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-07-10|first=OClifford|last=Ogbeide|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Enahoro ina joginoo golle juutɗe, teeŋtuɗe e nder jaayɗe, politik, golle laamu e dille daraniiɗe demokaraasi. Janngi e duɗal laamu Uromi, duɗal laamu Owo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗo, [[Lagos]], Enahoro wonti gardiiɗo jaaynde [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]], Defender leydi Nijeer to bannge worgo, to [[Ibadan]], e hitaande 1944 e duuɓi 21 fuɗɗoode kitaale 1940, ardi e murto almudɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to [[Lagos]] ɗo o wonnoo gardiiɗo almudɓe. O teskiima e politik e sahaa mbayliigu jaawngu. O nanngaama laabi ɗiɗi ngam laamu koloñaal, ngam winndannde nde o waɗi ngam ƴamɗe gonnooɗo guwerneer, nden boo ngam wolde nde o wi'i o ɗon ƴama sooja'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], ɓe ɗon huuwa nder konu Biritaniya. Biritaannaaɓe mbaɗti mo maande ko o ƴattoowo yiite, kono hay nde o nanngaa laabi tati, o woni ko e ƴeewtaade darnde makko.<ref name="Whiteman">{{cite news|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=2011-02-08|title=Chief Anthony Enahoro obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/08/chief-anthony-enahoro-obituary|access-date=2024-09-18|work=[[The Guardian]]|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Politik == E hitaande 1950, Enahoro e Artuur Perst cosi lannda wiyeteende ''Mid-Ouest.'' Enahoro fuɗɗino jaaynde ''Mid-West Pres''s nden o yaltini jaaynde [[Naajeeriya]] diga hitaande 1950 haa 1953. Lannda Mid-West nasti nder kawtal ''Action Group'' nder hitaande 1951.<ref>{{cite book|first=Henry Louis|last=Gates Jr.|author-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr.|author2=[[Emmanuel Akyeampong]]|author3=Steven J. Niven|title=Dictionary of African Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA302|year=2012|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|page=302}}</ref> Enahoro wonnoo ko nulaaɗo e ko ɓuri heewde e batuuji doosɗe leydi jowitiiɗi e jeytaare leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e hitaande 1960.<ref name="Whiteman2">{{cite news|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=2011-02-08|title=Chief Anthony Enahoro obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/08/chief-anthony-enahoro-obituary|access-date=2024-09-18|work=[[The Guardian]]|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> E nder caɗeele [[Naajeeriya]] caggal kuudetaaji 1966, Enahoro woni hooreejo delegaasiyoŋ ''Mid-West'' e oon sahaa, to batu doosɗe leydi Ad Hoc to [[Lagos]]. Caggal ɗuum o wonti Komisariyaa Fedde nde (Ministeer) ngam humpito e golle e les njiimaandi laamu konu Seneraal [[Yakubu Gowon]], 1967–74 ; Komisinaajo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam kuuɗe feere-feere, 1975. Baawo man o warti tergal lanyol lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], NPN, 1978–83. Ko kanko woni hooreejo, Fedde Adunaare Naalankaagal e Pinal Negro, 1972–75.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-07-10|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> Enahoro wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde wiyeteende NADECO, fedde daraniinde demokaraasi, haɓannde diktatoor [[Sani Abacha]] haa Abacha sankii. Enahoro rokkaama teddungal ngenndiwal Kumannda, yamiroore Republique Fédérale, CFR, e hitaande 1982, o woniino hooreejo Dillere ngam Reforme Ngenndiire, MNR, kam e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (PRONACO). O heɓi DSC tedduɗo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin e hitaande 1972. Binndanɗe makko ina njeyaa heen deftere wiyeteende ''Fugitive Offender''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|title=Power in an Emergent African Nation|series=Princeton Legacy Library|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=1963|page=269|jstor=j.ctt183q1zx|isbn=1400878233}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fani-Kayode|first=Femi|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201009270537.html|title=The Truth About the Motion for Independence|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|via=[[allAfrica]]|date=2010-09-27|access-date=2024-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=2024-09-18|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/12/enahoro-was-a-titan-says-fani-kayode/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Enahoro was a titan, says Fani-Kayode|date=2010-12-15|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> === Kiriis to Hirnaange leydi Naajeeriya === E nder kiris 1962 to diiwaan ɓooyɗo hirnaange, o nanngaa e wondude e terɗe fedde ''Action Group'' goɗɗe. Tuumaaɗo janfa e nder ñaawoore Awolowo tuumaande waɗde kuudetaa, Enahoro dogi rewrude e leydi Gana fayde leydi Angalteer e hitaande 1963, [[Naajeeriya]] ɗaɓɓiri Enahoro yoɓeede e nder hitaande 1881, haɗi mo ɗaɓɓude asilo politik. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1963, hooreejo keso lannda Labour, hono Harold Wilson, yiyti hersa mo nanngugol Enahoro e kasoo addani mo. Labour yahii e njanngu nguu e nder suudu sarɗiiji, e ballal won e Tories, e ballondiral e furore media. O meeɗiino wonde gooto e Naajeeriyankooɓe ɓurɓe anndeede e nder leydi Angalteer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chief Enahoro (Hansard, 21 March 1963)|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1963/mar/21/chief-enahoro|access-date=2021-07-10|website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref> Ko kanko woni "tooñoowo dognoowo" baɗnooɗo balɗe jeewte e nder suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 1963 nde o haɓata e yoɓde leydi ndii. "Haala Enahoro" wonti haala jojjanɗe aadee feewde e yiɗde laamu nguu ɓuuɓngu ngam waasde tooñde leydi Nijeer, e waɗtude gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono [[Harold Macmillan]], e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono [[Henry Brooke]], e ngonka caɗtuka. O yaltinaa leydi Angalteer, o sokaa sabu janfa. E hitaande 1966, laamu konu nguu woppi mo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anthony Enahoro|publisher=Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries|url=https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/people/historicalpeople/anthony-enahoro|access-date=2024-07-05}}</ref> == Pijirlooji == Enahoro ummorii ko e nokkuuji dingiral. O fiyi golf, o rewi e kirikit e dow yarlitaare. O ɓuri waawde fijooji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King's College'', o heɓi kadi teddineede wonde ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] gadano heɓde tergal e fedde golf to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O dañii jippinde handicap makko e nder limooje goote e nder nguurndam makko juutɗam e golf. Ko kanko kadi woni baawɗo addude FESTAC e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e kitaale 1970, e nder oon sahaa Muhammad Ali e Pele fof njilliima leydi ndii ngam weltinde ɗum en no feewi. Ɓiɓɓe makko fof ina mbeltii e dingiral e nder duuɓi mum en jaŋde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, ina njuɓɓina Fulɓe, Rugby, Golf e Tennis. Kenneth (1953-2017) e Eugene ko walla ko golfooɓe yiɗɓe, kadi ko kamɓe ngoni terɗe sosɗe fedde ñalnde aset to fedde golf Benin. Annabella ina waɗa pilates, Gabriyel ko jom welo-welo no feewi. == Njawdi == E hitaande 1953, Anthony Enahoro fuɗɗii eɓɓoore laamu hoore mum e nder suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange, nde addani leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] heɓde ndimaagu mum ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1960.[12] == Caalaje == Enahoro woppi debbo mum Helen (nee Ediae) (1933–2012), ɓiɓɓe maɓɓe njoyo, taaniraaɓe e mawniraaɓe heewɓe.<ref name="Whiteman3">{{cite news|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=2011-02-08|title=Chief Anthony Enahoro obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/08/chief-anthony-enahoro-obituary|access-date=2024-09-18|work=[[The Guardian]]|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Defte == Dogɗo tooñoowo : daartol kasoo politik == Tuugnorgal == <references /> [[Category:Naajeeriya]] == Politics == Nder 1950, Enahoro e [[Arthur Prest]] waɗi partiji Mid-West. Enahoro ɗon fuɗɗii haɓɓuki Mid-West Press nden o wurtini The [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] newspaper diga 1950 haa 1953. Fedde Mid-West fuɗɗii warugo nder Goomu Kuuɓal nder hitaande 1951. Enahoro wondi darnde to ɓurɓe haalde kawtal ngal haalde hoore leydi Nigeria e hitaande 1960. Nder warugo lesdi Nigeria ɓaawo kolliɓe leydi e hitaande 1966, Enahoro woni ardiiɗo darnde lesdi Midwest to Ad Hoc Constitutional Conference e Lagos. O laatake hooreejo fedde (Minister for Information and Labour) nder laamu [[Yakubu Gowon]], 1967-74; hooreejo fedre ngam kuuɗe mawɗe, 1975. O ɓaawo o laati ardiiɗo lesdi lesdi Nigeria, NPN, 1978-83. O woni hooreejo, Fedde Fedde Fuuta Fedde e Fedde Negooɓe, 1972-75. Enahoro woni hooreejo National Democratic Coalition (NADECO), goomu je ɗon mari demokaraasi je ɗon haɓana mo'o wi'aɓe [[Sani Abacha]] haa Abacha maayi. Enahoro heɓii teddungal lesdi ngam ardiiɗo, Order of the Federal Republic, CFR, nder 1982, nden o laati hooreejo Movement for National Reformation, MNR, bana non boo Goomu Kawtal Pro-National ([[PRONACO|Pronaco]]). O heɓii DSC teddungal e Jaŋde Benin e hitaande 1972. Fuuɓal maako hawti e deftere Fugitive Offender. === Caggalgal nder hirnaange Nigeria === Nder warugo 1962 nder lesdi hirnaange, o jeyi bee yimɓe goɗɗi nder kawtal. E dow hakke haɓɓugo dow dow dow dow ko ɓe mbi'i dow dow dow nder dow dow dow, Enahoro ƴiwoyi laawol [[Gana|Ghana]] to leydi United Kingdom nder hitaande 1963, Nigeria waɗi ko haɓɓii e dow Enahoro nder nder nder nder sariya Fugitive Offenders Act nder hitaande 1881, ngam haɗugo dabare maako ngam heɓugo dammugal politik. Ha fuɗɗam 1963, ardiiɗo keso Labour, Harold Wilson, anndini ɓernde ɓernde nde Enahoro hawti e nder kaso. Labour waɗi haccuki nder suudu Commons, bee jaɓugo daga goɗɗe Toriji, e jaɓugo haccuki ha habaru. O wonnoo gooto e ɓurɓe anndude Nigeria e leydi Britaaniya. O woni "ko'o " mo " "ko'e " mo "ko'i " ko'o waɗi ko'e damal nder suudu leydi e hitaande 1963 nde o haɓɓi e jaaynde. "Ko'e Enahoro" laati dow hakkiilo yimɓe dow yiɗde laamu ngam naa' ɓe ɓeyda lesdi Nigeria, nden waɗi ardiiɗo lesdi Tory, Harold Macmillan, e mawɗo lesdi maako, Henry Brooke, nder haala ɓurna. O wurtini diga [[Biritaani-Mawndi|UK]] nden o haɓɓiti ngam ɓeydaaki. E hitaande 1966, laamu konu waɗi mo. ==firooji== ifcee8bgpf4ptzhqiqv5ukv8vrchpbh 0 42639 177565 176786 2026-06-30T16:43:40Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the section "Nigeria" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348705281|Walter Egerton]]" 177565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Walter Egerton''', KCMG (1858 – 22 mars 1947) ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer wonnoo guwerneer [[Koloni Lagos|koloñaal Lagos]] tuggi 1904 haa 1906, guwerneer [[Protektorat Fombina Naajeeriya|fuɗnaange Nijeer]] tuggi 1906 haa 1912, e guwerneer Gine Biritaan tuggi {{Sfn|Letter from Singapore}} == Fuɗɗoode golle == Egerton jibinaa ko ɓiy gooto, gorko gooto jeyaaɗo to Exeter, Devon . Caggal nde o janngi to duɗal Tonbridge, e hitaande 1880, Egerton yalti Angalteer fayi to Straits Settlements, o woni kadet , o woni toon duuɓi keewɗi e nder dowriiji reentorɗi Malaya . E hitaande 1880, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 21, o woniino Magistrat to [[Sinngapuur|Singapuur]] ; e hitaande 1883 o wonti Koolaaɗo kuuɓal to Penang ; <ref name="who" /> o woniino caggal mum Komiseer Ñaawirde Ɗaɓɓaande to Penang {{Sfn|Straits Settlements}}, o toɗɗaa Hoɗɓe toon e hitaande 1894 ; <ref name="who" /> E hitaande 1888, o woniino Magistrat gadano golloowo to Penang, {{Sfn|Straits Settlements}} ko ɗoon o toɗɗaa caggal ɗuum. Egerton naatnaa e Temple hakkundeejo ñalnde 27 abriil 1888, o noddiraa e Bar ñalnde 17 suwee 1896. O woniino Sekereteer Koloñaal wonande koɗkiiji Straits hakkunde 1899 e 1901. [[File:National_Museum_KL_2008_(146).JPG|left|thumb|Foto fedde ciftorgol ƴettaande e Durbar 2ɓo yuɓɓinaande ñalnde 20 sulyee 1903. jooɗiiɓe gila nano haa ñaamo : William Treacher (hoɗnooɗo-seneraal), Sultan Alaiddin Suleymaan mo Selangor, Sultan Idris mo Perak, Sir Frank Mathammad Swettenham (guwerneer), Sultan Pathammahan Mu Di-Pertua Besar mo Negeri Sembilan ), Walter Egerton (hoɗnooɗo mawɗo to Negeri Sembilan)]] Egerton wonnoo ko Hoɗnooɗo e nder diiwaan Negeri Sembilan (1902-03). {{Sfn|Letter from Singapore}} E nder ndee darnde, o naati e sariyaaji jowitiiɗi e sifaa maccungaagu ɗo sukaaɓe rewɓe ɓe ngonaa laawɗuɓe ndokketee e juuɗe laamɗo nokku oo. Egerton fellitii wonde ɗum ina luurdi e sariya sharia, tee sukaaɓe ɓee ko jeyi yummiraaɓe mum en. E nder ɗuum o wallitnoo ko Sultan Perak . {{Sfn|Dinstein|1989}} Nde Egerton wonti Guwerneer Lagos Colony e hitaande 1903 o joginoo ko ina ɓura duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi e golle koloñaal to fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Laawol Penghulu Cantik to Seremban meeɗiino innireede laawol Egerton ngam siftorde mo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> == Naajeeriya == [[File:Alafin_Oyo_&_Sir_Walter_Egerton.png|thumb|Alafin mo Oyo e Sir Walter Egerton, ca. 1910]] Egerton wonti Guwerneer Koloni Lagos, o suddii ko ɓuri heewde e leyɗeele [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba en]] to fuɗnaange-rewo ko wiyetee hannde Naajeeriya, e hitaande 1903. Biro koloñaal yiɗiino hawrude e Koloni Lagos e protectorat Fombina Naajeeriya, e nder lewru ut 1904, kadi o toɗɗii Egerton ngam wonde Komisariyaa Toowɗo [[Protektorat Fombina Naajeeriya|Pro Naajeeriya]] O joginoo golle ɗiɗi ɗee haa ñalnde 28 feebariyee 1906. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} E oon ñalngu terɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kawraama no haanirta nii, Egerton toɗɗaa Guwerneer [[Protektorat Fombina Naajeeriya|Koloni keso e Protektoraat Fuɗnaange Nijeer]], o joginoo golle ɗee haa hitaande 1912. {{Sfn|Worldstatesmen}} E nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer keso oo, Co Lagoca Hirnaange keso oo, Co Lagoca Hirnaange keso oo Protectorate fombina Naajeeriya feccaama haa lesdi Cakaari bee laamorgo lesdi Warri bee lesdi Fuunaange bee laamorgo lesdi [[Kalaba|Calabar]] . {{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} Nde ardiiɗo maako haa Fombina Naajeeriya, Sir Ralph Denham Rayment Moor, woppi laamu, feccere mawnde haa woyla-fuunaange Naajeeriya ɗonno haa yaasi laamu Biritaniya. Nde Egerton heɓi laamu, o fuɗɗii politik neldude patroluuji paaspooruuji hitaande kala, tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ina keɓa ɗooftaare rewrude e kulhuli doole tawa ina ɗaɓɓi huutoraade doole tigi rigi. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Egerton ina joginoo sifaa seeɗa e jokkondiral mum e Biro Koloñaal. E nder ɓataake 1910 o winndi ɓataake ina siftina njoɓdi gooto e gollotooɓe makko ko " niggardly ". Jaɓɓotooɗo oo mettini heen no feewi, wiyi yo o nodde ngam yamiroore. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Nde Egerton wonti guwerneer Lagos o jaɓi e dow yarlitaare ɓeydugol laawol laana njoorndi Lagos – Ibadan feewde Oshogbo, eɓɓoore ndee jaɓaa e lewru noowammbar 1904. Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1905 e laawol ngol yettii Oshogbo e lewru Abriil 1907. [1] laawol laana njoorndi ɓeydii yaajde haa Kano e laawol Zaria . [1] O walli kadi mahngo laabi yaajɗi, o mahii e dow tuugnorgal sariya ngal Moor ardiiɗo makko lelni ngal addani huutoraade golle nokkuuje ɗe njoɓaaka. [1] Egerton renndini miijooji Moor e bonnugol njulaagu Cross River e kawral hakkunde hakkundeeji e njulaagu jeyaaɓe e Calabar . Julaaɓe tabitɓe ɓee, e fuɗɗoode keɓii Biro Koloñaal ngam ƴettude kuule kaɗooje njulaagu yiɗɓe sosde baasiiji ɓurɗi yaajde e nder leydi ndii, kono e won e caɗeele Egerton waawni ardiiɓe ɓee yo mbaylu kuulal mum en. [1] [[File:Walter_Egerton_and_others_Nigeria_c._1910.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Sir Walter Egerton (to bannge ñaamo) e debbo mum e woɗɓe hirnaange to Lagos, c. 1910]] Egerton ko daraniiɗo ƴellitaare koloñaal no feewi. O goongɗini ko ŋakkeende ngalu e won e sahaaji mawnugol koloñaal, ɗum noon ina feeñi e bidsee makko tuggi 1906 haa 1912. O joginoo ko hare duumiinde ngam heɓde yamiroore ɗeen bidsee e birooji koloñaal. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Gila e hitaande 1908, Egerton ina jokki e miijo "Departemaa Demal yuɓɓo no haanirta nii, jogiiɗo hoore mum semmbe e humpito", Departemaa Demal ari e hitaande 1910. {{Sfn|Falola|2003}} Egerton ina jaɓi ƴellitgol ndema kaaƴe, miijo makko gila e sahaa arlease ngam Malaland ndee faandaare. Ko ɗum wonnoo sosngo gollordu ɓuuɓndu no feewi. {{Sfn|Duignan|Gann|1975}} O sikki kadi ina waawi wonde mbaawka mawka e nder gese tinndinooje saraaji [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]], o sikkii so tawii ko seedtinnde laabi cakkitiiɗi feewde e gese tinndinooje ina gooŋɗini. {{Sfn|Calvert|1910}} Egerton nasti nder luural bee hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya dow kuuje ɗuuɗɗe. Wonno jeewte ko fayti e [[Ilorin]] ina foti naatde e Fombina Naajeeriya nde tawnoo yimɓe ɓee ko Yoruba en, walla heddaade e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya nde tawnoo laamɗo oo ko juulɗo, kadi won e sahaaji Ilorin ina wondi e les njiimaandi Kalifa Usmaniya. Wonno ko luural dow njuɓɓudi njoɓdiiji dow marsandiisuuji jippinaaɗi e daande maayo, nawtaaɗi e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Kadi luural ina woodi so tawii laabi njamndi ummoriiɗi fuɗnaange ina poti joofde e Lagos walla ina poti ƴettude laabi goɗɗi feewde [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Niiseer]] e daande maayo. {{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} Egerton ina joginoo daliilu e bannge mum ngam salaade laabi potɗi joofde e Baro to Niiseer, nde tawnoo laana ndiwoowa feewde fuɗnaange haa e daande maayo ina heddii e sahaa ndiyam toowɗam, tee hay ndeen ina laaɓti. {{Sfn|Geary|1965}} Ina wiyee wonde [[Old Secretariat, Marina|Sekretariyaa ɓooyɗo, Marina]] ina mahaa e mbaadi E ngam teddinde mo. Laamu Egerton waɗii politikaaji baɗɗi faayiida ngam seerndude Oropnaaɓe e Afriknaaɓe. {{Sfn|Okpewho|Davies|1999}} Ina jeyaa heen ittude Afriknaaɓe e sarwiis safaara Afrik hirnaange e wiyde wonde hay Oropnaajo gooto fotaani ƴettude yamiroore e Afriknaajo, ɗum noon ina waɗi batte haɗde safrooɓe Afriknaaɓe gollodaade e konu. Kanko Egerton, o jaɓaani ɗeen politikaaji sahaa kala, tee ɗi ndartinaaka no feewi. {{Sfn|Gann|Duignan|1978}} Jokkondiral sariya hakkunde laamu Lagos e dowlaaji [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yorubaaji]] Koloni Lagos laaɓaani, kadi ko e hitaande 1908 Egerton waawni Obas jaɓde sosde Ñaawirde Toownde e nder gure mawɗe. {{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] == Nigeria == [[File:Alafin_Oyo_&_Sir_Walter_Egerton.png|thumb|Alafin of Oyo e Sir Walter Egerton, ca. 1910]] Egerton laati gomnaaku laamorde Lagos, nder nder leydi [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] nder worgo hirnaange lesdi Nigeria, nder hitaande 1903. Jaɓɓorgo koloniyaal yiɗi hawtaago koloniya Lagos e protectorate lesdi Naijeriya worgo, e nder lewru August 1904, o suɓii Egerton boo ngam ardaade ngam protectorate leydi Naijeriya wooru. O waɗi kuugal ɗiɗo fuu haa 28 feebariyee 1906.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Nder nden taariikɗe ɗiɗo leydi ɗi ɗi'i ɓe hawti e Egerton laamaama gomnaaku koloniya ɓoyma e protectorate lesdi Naajeeriya, o jooɗori haa hitaande 1912.{{Sfn|Worldstatesmen}} Nder lesdi Naajeeriya ɓooyma, leydi Lagos ɓooyi leydi lesdi Naajeeri hirnaange, nden lesdi Naajeer woɗɗii lesdi Naajeera worgo fecciti nder lesdi cakaare bee gariiri Warri e gariiri fuunaaŋge bee gariiri [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. {{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} Nde ardiiɗo maako nder lesdi Naijeriya, Sir Ralph Denham Rayment Moor, ummi, ɓurna fuunaaŋge Naijeriya ɗon haaje nder laamu British. Nde Egerton fuɗɗii laamu, o fuɗɗi siyasa jaɓɓude jaɓɓorgo jamɗingol ngal, ɗum waɗi ɓe ɗowtana ɗum ngam ɓe mbaɗata semmbe, ɓe mbaɗataa semmbe.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Egerton waɗi ko ɗon ɓeyda nder kuuɗe maako bee Ofisi Koloniya. Nder deftere 1910 o winndi deftere nde o holli ceede gooto e gollooɓe mum "ko o "ndaa". Jaɓɓorgo Jaɓɓorgu Fuuta ina ɓeyda, o wiyi o haani noddugo ɗum. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Nde Egerton laati gomnaaru [[Lagos]] o jaɓii e ɓernde mawnde ɓesdaare laawol ferel Lagos - [[Ibadan]] haa Oshogbo, nden nder lewru Noofambar 1904 ɓe jaɓii kuugal ngal. Maaki fuɗɗii nder lewru Janaare 1905 nden laawol yaaki Oshogbo nder lewru Awril 1907.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} O yiɗi laawol ferel dow laawol maayo, o yiɗi laawol feral ɓeydaani haa [[Kano]] haa [[Zariya|Zaria]].{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} O ɗon jaɓɓa nder nder nder nder laawol, o ɗon maɓɓina dow laawol ngol mo ɓaŋgi mo Moor waɗi, ngam o huuɓina yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ngalaa hakkillo.{{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} Egerton hawti e miijo Moor dow halkere nde waɗata to jaayɗe [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]] ngam hawtuki jaayɓe asli e jaayɓe nder [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. Jaayndiyaaɓe ɗi ɗon mari laamu fuɗɗiima waɗugo jaayndiyaaji ngam ɓe ɗon sakkindi jaayndiyankooɓe ɓe ɗon yiɗi waɗugo baseji nder lesdi, ammaa bee caɗeele ɗe Egerton ɗon kolli jaayndiyaɓe ngam ɓe ummitina kiita maɓɓe.{{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} [[File:Walter_Egerton_and_others_Nigeria_c._1910.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Sir Walter Egerton (go to joomum) e debbo maako e yimɓe woɗɓe nder leyɗe hirnaange nder Lagos, nder 1910]] Egerton ɗon ɗon haɓɓa ngam ɓamtaare koloniya. O hoolaaki e jaɓugol ɓeydi ɓeydi haa wakkatiji feere feere nder ɓeydi koloniya, ɗum holli nder ceede maako diga 1906 haa 1912. O waɗi haɓre fu ngam heɓugo jaɓugo ceede ɗe ngam jaɓugo jaɓɓaade laamu koloniya.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Hande 1908, Egerton jaɓii miijo "dental ngal ngal ngal ngalluɗi e ngalluɗi, e hooreejo ngal ngalluɗum e ngalluɗum", nden ngalluɗi ngal ngalluɓi nder 1910.{{Sfn|Falola|2003}} Egerton hokki ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓamta ɓe ɓe ɓe njogii ɓe ɓe ɓe nganndi, ɗum woni miijo ɓe ɓe ɓe anndi diga wakkati maɓɓe nder Malaya, ɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗi ngam ɓe njogita leydi ngam ɓe mbaɗi ɗum. Ɗuum waɗi ko fuɗɗam jaŋde mawnde.{{Sfn|Duignan|Gann|1975}} O ɗon tammi boo woodi pottanol mawɗum nder nder kuuje tin ɓadii [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]], nden o ɗon tammi, to ɗum holli laawol limgal to kuuje tin ɗon haani.{{Sfn|Calvert|1910}} iq83kaxrz6i6y5e3dlvvw5qe291d39f 177566 177565 2026-06-30T16:44:06Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Walter Egerton''', KCMG (1858 – 22 mars 1947) ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer wonnoo guwerneer [[Koloni Lagos|koloñaal Lagos]] tuggi 1904 haa 1906, guwerneer [[Protektorat Fombina Naajeeriya|fuɗnaange Nijeer]] tuggi 1906 haa 1912, e guwerneer Gine Biritaan tuggi {{Sfn|Letter from Singapore}} == Fuɗɗoode golle == Egerton jibinaa ko ɓiy gooto, gorko gooto jeyaaɗo to Exeter, Devon . Caggal nde o janngi to duɗal Tonbridge, e hitaande 1880, Egerton yalti Angalteer fayi to Straits Settlements, o woni kadet , o woni toon duuɓi keewɗi e nder dowriiji reentorɗi Malaya . E hitaande 1880, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 21, o woniino Magistrat to [[Sinngapuur|Singapuur]] ; e hitaande 1883 o wonti Koolaaɗo kuuɓal to Penang ; <ref name="who" /> o woniino caggal mum Komiseer Ñaawirde Ɗaɓɓaande to Penang {{Sfn|Straits Settlements}}, o toɗɗaa Hoɗɓe toon e hitaande 1894 ; <ref name="who" /> E hitaande 1888, o woniino Magistrat gadano golloowo to Penang, {{Sfn|Straits Settlements}} ko ɗoon o toɗɗaa caggal ɗuum. Egerton naatnaa e Temple hakkundeejo ñalnde 27 abriil 1888, o noddiraa e Bar ñalnde 17 suwee 1896. O woniino Sekereteer Koloñaal wonande koɗkiiji Straits hakkunde 1899 e 1901. [[File:National_Museum_KL_2008_(146).JPG|left|thumb|Foto fedde ciftorgol ƴettaande e Durbar 2ɓo yuɓɓinaande ñalnde 20 sulyee 1903. jooɗiiɓe gila nano haa ñaamo : William Treacher (hoɗnooɗo-seneraal), Sultan Alaiddin Suleymaan mo Selangor, Sultan Idris mo Perak, Sir Frank Mathammad Swettenham (guwerneer), Sultan Pathammahan Mu Di-Pertua Besar mo Negeri Sembilan ), Walter Egerton (hoɗnooɗo mawɗo to Negeri Sembilan)]] Egerton wonnoo ko Hoɗnooɗo e nder diiwaan Negeri Sembilan (1902-03). {{Sfn|Letter from Singapore}} E nder ndee darnde, o naati e sariyaaji jowitiiɗi e sifaa maccungaagu ɗo sukaaɓe rewɓe ɓe ngonaa laawɗuɓe ndokketee e juuɗe laamɗo nokku oo. Egerton fellitii wonde ɗum ina luurdi e sariya sharia, tee sukaaɓe ɓee ko jeyi yummiraaɓe mum en. E nder ɗuum o wallitnoo ko Sultan Perak . {{Sfn|Dinstein|1989}} Nde Egerton wonti Guwerneer Lagos Colony e hitaande 1903 o joginoo ko ina ɓura duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi e golle koloñaal to fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Laawol Penghulu Cantik to Seremban meeɗiino innireede laawol Egerton ngam siftorde mo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> == Naajeeriya == [[File:Alafin_Oyo_&_Sir_Walter_Egerton.png|thumb|Alafin mo Oyo e Sir Walter Egerton, ca. 1910]] Egerton wonti Guwerneer Koloni Lagos, o suddii ko ɓuri heewde e leyɗeele [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba en]] to fuɗnaange-rewo ko wiyetee hannde Naajeeriya, e hitaande 1903. Biro koloñaal yiɗiino hawrude e Koloni Lagos e protectorat Fombina Naajeeriya, e nder lewru ut 1904, kadi o toɗɗii Egerton ngam wonde Komisariyaa Toowɗo [[Protektorat Fombina Naajeeriya|Pro Naajeeriya]] O joginoo golle ɗiɗi ɗee haa ñalnde 28 feebariyee 1906. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} E oon ñalngu terɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kawraama no haanirta nii, Egerton toɗɗaa Guwerneer [[Protektorat Fombina Naajeeriya|Koloni keso e Protektoraat Fuɗnaange Nijeer]], o joginoo golle ɗee haa hitaande 1912. {{Sfn|Worldstatesmen}} E nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer keso oo, Co Lagoca Hirnaange keso oo, Co Lagoca Hirnaange keso oo Protectorate fombina Naajeeriya feccaama haa lesdi Cakaari bee laamorgo lesdi Warri bee lesdi Fuunaange bee laamorgo lesdi [[Kalaba|Calabar]] . {{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} Nde ardiiɗo maako haa Fombina Naajeeriya, Sir Ralph Denham Rayment Moor, woppi laamu, feccere mawnde haa woyla-fuunaange Naajeeriya ɗonno haa yaasi laamu Biritaniya. Nde Egerton heɓi laamu, o fuɗɗii politik neldude patroluuji paaspooruuji hitaande kala, tawi noon ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ina keɓa ɗooftaare rewrude e kulhuli doole tawa ina ɗaɓɓi huutoraade doole tigi rigi. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Egerton ina joginoo sifaa seeɗa e jokkondiral mum e Biro Koloñaal. E nder ɓataake 1910 o winndi ɓataake ina siftina njoɓdi gooto e gollotooɓe makko ko " niggardly ". Jaɓɓotooɗo oo mettini heen no feewi, wiyi yo o nodde ngam yamiroore. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Nde Egerton wonti guwerneer Lagos o jaɓi e dow yarlitaare ɓeydugol laawol laana njoorndi Lagos – Ibadan feewde Oshogbo, eɓɓoore ndee jaɓaa e lewru noowammbar 1904. Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru Yarkomaa 1905 e laawol ngol yettii Oshogbo e lewru Abriil 1907. [1] laawol laana njoorndi ɓeydii yaajde haa Kano e laawol Zaria . [1] O walli kadi mahngo laabi yaajɗi, o mahii e dow tuugnorgal sariya ngal Moor ardiiɗo makko lelni ngal addani huutoraade golle nokkuuje ɗe njoɓaaka. [1] Egerton renndini miijooji Moor e bonnugol njulaagu Cross River e kawral hakkunde hakkundeeji e njulaagu jeyaaɓe e Calabar . Julaaɓe tabitɓe ɓee, e fuɗɗoode keɓii Biro Koloñaal ngam ƴettude kuule kaɗooje njulaagu yiɗɓe sosde baasiiji ɓurɗi yaajde e nder leydi ndii, kono e won e caɗeele Egerton waawni ardiiɓe ɓee yo mbaylu kuulal mum en. [1] [[File:Walter_Egerton_and_others_Nigeria_c._1910.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Sir Walter Egerton (to bannge ñaamo) e debbo mum e woɗɓe hirnaange to Lagos, c. 1910]] Egerton ko daraniiɗo ƴellitaare koloñaal no feewi. O goongɗini ko ŋakkeende ngalu e won e sahaaji mawnugol koloñaal, ɗum noon ina feeñi e bidsee makko tuggi 1906 haa 1912. O joginoo ko hare duumiinde ngam heɓde yamiroore ɗeen bidsee e birooji koloñaal. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Gila e hitaande 1908, Egerton ina jokki e miijo "Departemaa Demal yuɓɓo no haanirta nii, jogiiɗo hoore mum semmbe e humpito", Departemaa Demal ari e hitaande 1910. {{Sfn|Falola|2003}} Egerton ina jaɓi ƴellitgol ndema kaaƴe, miijo makko gila e sahaa arlease ngam Malaland ndee faandaare. Ko ɗum wonnoo sosngo gollordu ɓuuɓndu no feewi. {{Sfn|Duignan|Gann|1975}} O sikki kadi ina waawi wonde mbaawka mawka e nder gese tinndinooje saraaji [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]], o sikkii so tawii ko seedtinnde laabi cakkitiiɗi feewde e gese tinndinooje ina gooŋɗini. {{Sfn|Calvert|1910}} Egerton nasti nder luural bee hukuuma lesdi Naajeeriya dow kuuje ɗuuɗɗe. Wonno jeewte ko fayti e [[Ilorin]] ina foti naatde e Fombina Naajeeriya nde tawnoo yimɓe ɓee ko Yoruba en, walla heddaade e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya nde tawnoo laamɗo oo ko juulɗo, kadi won e sahaaji Ilorin ina wondi e les njiimaandi Kalifa Usmaniya. Wonno ko luural dow njuɓɓudi njoɓdiiji dow marsandiisuuji jippinaaɗi e daande maayo, nawtaaɗi e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Kadi luural ina woodi so tawii laabi njamndi ummoriiɗi fuɗnaange ina poti joofde e Lagos walla ina poti ƴettude laabi goɗɗi feewde [[Maayo Jaaliba|maayo Niiseer]] e daande maayo. {{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} Egerton ina joginoo daliilu e bannge mum ngam salaade laabi potɗi joofde e Baro to Niiseer, nde tawnoo laana ndiwoowa feewde fuɗnaange haa e daande maayo ina heddii e sahaa ndiyam toowɗam, tee hay ndeen ina laaɓti. {{Sfn|Geary|1965}} Ina wiyee wonde [[Old Secretariat, Marina|Sekretariyaa ɓooyɗo, Marina]] ina mahaa e mbaadi E ngam teddinde mo. Laamu Egerton waɗii politikaaji baɗɗi faayiida ngam seerndude Oropnaaɓe e Afriknaaɓe. {{Sfn|Okpewho|Davies|1999}} Ina jeyaa heen ittude Afriknaaɓe e sarwiis safaara Afrik hirnaange e wiyde wonde hay Oropnaajo gooto fotaani ƴettude yamiroore e Afriknaajo, ɗum noon ina waɗi batte haɗde safrooɓe Afriknaaɓe gollodaade e konu. Kanko Egerton, o jaɓaani ɗeen politikaaji sahaa kala, tee ɗi ndartinaaka no feewi. {{Sfn|Gann|Duignan|1978}} Jokkondiral sariya hakkunde laamu Lagos e dowlaaji [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yorubaaji]] Koloni Lagos laaɓaani, kadi ko e hitaande 1908 Egerton waawni Obas jaɓde sosde Ñaawirde Toownde e nder gure mawɗe. {{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} == Tuugnorgal == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] == Nigeria == [[File:Alafin_Oyo_&_Sir_Walter_Egerton.png|thumb|Alafin of Oyo e Sir Walter Egerton, ca. 1910]] Egerton laati gomnaaku laamorde Lagos, nder nder leydi [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] nder worgo hirnaange lesdi Nigeria, nder hitaande 1903. Jaɓɓorgo koloniyaal yiɗi hawtaago koloniya Lagos e protectorate lesdi Naijeriya worgo, e nder lewru August 1904, o suɓii Egerton boo ngam ardaade ngam protectorate leydi Naijeriya wooru. O waɗi kuugal ɗiɗo fuu haa 28 feebariyee 1906.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Nder nden taariikɗe ɗiɗo leydi ɗi ɗi'i ɓe hawti e Egerton laamaama gomnaaku koloniya ɓoyma e protectorate lesdi Naajeeriya, o jooɗori haa hitaande 1912.{{Sfn|Worldstatesmen}} Nder lesdi Naajeeriya ɓooyma, leydi Lagos ɓooyi leydi lesdi Naajeeri hirnaange, nden lesdi Naajeer woɗɗii lesdi Naajeera worgo fecciti nder lesdi cakaare bee gariiri Warri e gariiri fuunaaŋge bee gariiri [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. {{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} Nde ardiiɗo maako nder lesdi Naijeriya, Sir Ralph Denham Rayment Moor, ummi, ɓurna fuunaaŋge Naijeriya ɗon haaje nder laamu British. Nde Egerton fuɗɗii laamu, o fuɗɗi siyasa jaɓɓude jaɓɓorgo jamɗingol ngal, ɗum waɗi ɓe ɗowtana ɗum ngam ɓe mbaɗata semmbe, ɓe mbaɗataa semmbe.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Egerton waɗi ko ɗon ɓeyda nder kuuɗe maako bee Ofisi Koloniya. Nder deftere 1910 o winndi deftere nde o holli ceede gooto e gollooɓe mum "ko o "ndaa". Jaɓɓorgo Jaɓɓorgu Fuuta ina ɓeyda, o wiyi o haani noddugo ɗum. {{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Nde Egerton laati gomnaaru [[Lagos]] o jaɓii e ɓernde mawnde ɓesdaare laawol ferel Lagos - [[Ibadan]] haa Oshogbo, nden nder lewru Noofambar 1904 ɓe jaɓii kuugal ngal. Maaki fuɗɗii nder lewru Janaare 1905 nden laawol yaaki Oshogbo nder lewru Awril 1907.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} O yiɗi laawol ferel dow laawol maayo, o yiɗi laawol feral ɓeydaani haa [[Kano]] haa [[Zariya|Zaria]].{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} O ɗon jaɓɓa nder nder nder nder laawol, o ɗon maɓɓina dow laawol ngol mo ɓaŋgi mo Moor waɗi, ngam o huuɓina yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ngalaa hakkillo.{{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} Egerton hawti e miijo Moor dow halkere nde waɗata to jaayɗe [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]] ngam hawtuki jaayɓe asli e jaayɓe nder [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. Jaayndiyaaɓe ɗi ɗon mari laamu fuɗɗiima waɗugo jaayndiyaaji ngam ɓe ɗon sakkindi jaayndiyankooɓe ɓe ɗon yiɗi waɗugo baseji nder lesdi, ammaa bee caɗeele ɗe Egerton ɗon kolli jaayndiyaɓe ngam ɓe ummitina kiita maɓɓe.{{Sfn|Afigbo|Falola|2005}} [[File:Walter_Egerton_and_others_Nigeria_c._1910.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Sir Walter Egerton (go to joomum) e debbo maako e yimɓe woɗɓe nder leyɗe hirnaange nder Lagos, nder 1910]] Egerton ɗon ɗon haɓɓa ngam ɓamtaare koloniya. O hoolaaki e jaɓugol ɓeydi ɓeydi haa wakkatiji feere feere nder ɓeydi koloniya, ɗum holli nder ceede maako diga 1906 haa 1912. O waɗi haɓre fu ngam heɓugo jaɓugo ceede ɗe ngam jaɓugo jaɓɓaade laamu koloniya.{{Sfn|Carland|1985}} Hande 1908, Egerton jaɓii miijo "dental ngal ngal ngal ngalluɗi e ngalluɗi, e hooreejo ngal ngalluɗum e ngalluɗum", nden ngalluɗi ngal ngalluɓi nder 1910.{{Sfn|Falola|2003}} Egerton hokki ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓamta ɓe ɓe ɓe njogii ɓe ɓe ɓe nganndi, ɗum woni miijo ɓe ɓe ɓe anndi diga wakkati maɓɓe nder Malaya, ɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗi ngam ɓe njogita leydi ngam ɓe mbaɗi ɗum. Ɗuum waɗi ko fuɗɗam jaŋde mawnde.{{Sfn|Duignan|Gann|1975}} O ɗon tammi boo woodi pottanol mawɗum nder nder kuuje tin ɓadii [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]], nden o ɗon tammi, to ɗum holli laawol limgal to kuuje tin ɗon haani.{{Sfn|Calvert|1910}} ==firooji== 8nlk09u89pyv4n5pxl1ldtixl5j6lku 0 42788 177539 177309 2026-06-30T15:42:14Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mawɗo Hiskiya Oladipo Daawiis, Q.C'''. (5 abriil 1905 – 22 noowammbar 1989) ko ngenndiyanke mawɗo, baaba mum sosɗo, awokaa, jaayndiyanke, senndikaa, hooreejo miijo e politikyanke e nder dille ngenndi ndii ngam heɓde ndimaagu mum e hitaande 1960 e ɗoon e ɗoon caggal mum. == Daartol galle e balɗe gadane == Mawɗo Davies jibinaa ko to wuro Lagos to bannge worgo leydi Najeriya. Yumma makko ko tergal e galle Agbaje to Ibadan, mawniiko gorko ko Oba Effon-Alaiye e mawniiko gorko ko Owa (Laamɗo debbo laamɗo) Ilesha. Neene makko ko laamɗo debbo Haastrup, ɓiy laamɗo Ijesha, mawniiko gorko, laamɗo Ogunmade-Davies mo suudu laamu Ogunmade to Lagos, ko ɓiy laamɗo Docemo. Baaba maako, anndiraaɗo "Muusaa Ruuhu", o jeyaa ko e sosɓe Eklesiya Kerubim e Serafim leydi Naajeeriya. Hakkunde 1911 e 1917, Daavis naati duɗal Wesley, to wuro Olowogbowo, to Lagos. Ndeen o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Methodist, to Lagos, ɗo o janngi tuggi 1917 haa 1920. E hitaande 1921, o fuɗɗii jaŋde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, to Lagos, o waɗi noon haa hitaande 1923. E hitaande rewtunde ndee, o wonti Assistant Master to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, to Lagos Teskaama nder soobiraaɓe maako wakkati ɓingel maako woni hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya arandeere, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, mo janngi haa janngirde mawnde Methodist Boys, Lagos bee maako, e hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya arandeejo, Sir Adetokunbo Ademola, e doktoor arandeejo lesdi Naajeeriya, Dr Oni Akerele, both. == Jaŋde toownde == H.O. Davies, walla H.O.D., no o innirtee nii, ina jeyaa e Naajeeriyankooɓe artuɓe huutoraade porogaraam jaŋde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London, o waɗi sehilaaɓe e laawol ngol e yimɓe hono Lord Denning. O heɓi jaŋde toownde to Londres e hitaande 1925 e nder sosiyetee Eyo Ita. O naati kadi duɗal faggudu to Londres e hitaande 1935, ɗo o woni almuudo Harold Laski, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko BComm (Hons). E nder hitaande ndee tan, o toɗɗaa hooreejo fedde Cosmopolitan Club duɗal ngal. Nde o woni to leydi Angalteer, o woniino hooreejo fedde janngooɓe Afrik hirnaange, o woniino kadi nulaaɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e nder Goomu toppitiingu jaŋdeeji Angalteer. Caggal ɗuum o arti Londres e hitaande 1944, o janngi toon sariya, o noddiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Engele to Middle Temple Inns of Court, to Londres e hitaande 1946. E hitaande 1959, Davies waɗi hitaande e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard, o woni Fellow to Centre des Affaires Internationales. == Golle politik == Davies wonnoo ko tergal sosngal fedde sukaaɓe Lagos e hitaande 1934 wondude e James Churchill Vaughan, Kofo Abayomi, Ernest Sissei Ikoli, e Samuel Akisanya. O waɗaa Koolaaɗo kuuɓal. Diɗɗal sukaaɓe ngal jeyaa ko e feddeeji siyaasaagal arandeeji ngam semmbiɗinde naatgol yimɓe Naajeeriya e nder ƴellitaare siyaasaagal e renndo-faggudu leydi ndii. Caggal nde o arti e jaŋde caggal leydi wondude e Nnamdi Azikiwe, Davies ardii golle ɗe addani mo waylude innde fedde sukaaɓe Lagos, fedde sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nde yimɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof ngonti terɗe mawɗe, wallitooɓe e ardiiɓe ngenndiiji jogiiɗi jokkondire mawɗe. Davies woni hooreejo sosɗo NYM. Davies yalti e diɗɗal ngal e hitaande 1951, o sosi lannda makko, Kongres yimɓe leydi Najeriya. Caggal mum o naati e Diisnondiral ngenndiwal leydi Najeriya e leydi Kameruun caggal nde kaaldigal ngam waɗde kawtal tiiɗngal e Nnamdi Azikiwe, ngal heɓaani. Davies wonnoo ko jaagorgal leydi ndi e nder ministeer njulaagu gila 1963 haa 1966 e sahaa laamu leydi Najeriya. == Nguurndam sariya e golle goɗɗe'. == Davies wonnoo ko awokaa keɓtinaaɗo no feewi, o jeyaa ko e Nijeernaaɓe ɗiɗo adanɓe (e wondude e mawɗo Frederick Rotimi Williams) ɓe teddinaama e seedantaagal awokaa laamɗo debbo e hitaande 1959. E nder golle makko keewɗe to bannge sariya, ko kanko tan woni awokaa Afriknaajo e nder ekipaaji sariyaaji ballitooji faddaade Jomo future Mapriu hooreejo leydi Kenya, gardinooɗo hooreejo leydi Kenya ñaawoore wondude e DN Pritt, QC ummoriiɗo Angalteer, Diwan Chawaanlal ummoriiɗo Inndo ; e De Sousa e Kapilla, kamɓe fof ko ɓe Inndonaaɓe hoɗɓe e leydi Keñiya. E oon hitaande kadi o ummii Amerik, o naati to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard, o winndi deftere wiyeteende « Prospects pour la démocratie ». E sahaa nde o woni to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard, o hawri e gardotooɗo jaagorgal caggal leydi Amerik, hono Henry Kissinger, e gardotooɗo jaagorgal kisal leydi Amerik, hono Zbigniew Brzezinski, o wonti sehil. O ardii delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to Kawtal Faggudu to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e hitaande 1964, e lewru Seeɗto 1974, mawɗo H.O. Laamu Farayse rokki Davies njeenaari « Chevelier de l’ Ordre national du Mérite » ngam ƴellitde jokkondiral Farayse e Niiseer, e darnde makko teeŋtunde e semmbinde Total Fina Oil e Elf Petroleum, sosiyateeji ɗi o wonnoo gardiiɗo. E hitaande 1937, Davies wonti gardiiɗo jaaynde mawnde, Daily Service, e hitaande 1960 o waɗtaa hooreejo sosɗo e gardiiɗo jaaynde ngenndiire ndeen, binnditooɓe jaaynde subaka Naajeeriya e jaaynde aljumaa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Bawa. E nder golle makko keewɗe, Chief HO Davies wonnoo ko hooreejo ngenndiijo fedde jam winndereyankoore rewrude e sariya, hooreejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo fedde Rotary Club to Naajeeriya, e sosɗo e hooreejo udditgol fedde sehilaagal hakkunde Naajeeriya e Farayse.[citation needed] Ko adii maayde makko e hitaande 1989, Oloye Davies yaltinii deftere nguurndam makko, wiyeteende Memoirs. == Kerecee’en tiiɗɓe == Davies wonnoo ko Wesleyyanke, kadi ko goongɗinɗo no feewi wonde ekkol ina foti wonde "militant" e nder golle mum e nder renndo, wonaa tan haalde ngam wallitde miskineeɓe, kono kadi ko e nder golle tiiɗɗe ngam wallitde miskineeɓe e yiɗde gollondiral hakkunde denndaangal diineeji Kerecee’en ngam waɗde mbayliigu moƴƴu. O woniino hakkundeejo mawɗo e nder yontaaji cakkitiiɗi e nder daartol Eklesiya Methodist Naajeeriya, o walli hawrude e feddeeji ceertuɗi e nder Eklesiya.[citation needed] == Tuugnorgal == 2ntsyykqk5ueooselp9y7z6bbgrqyhj 0 42845 177515 2026-06-30T13:16:46Z Bin Hassaini 14172 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/482685|Mustapha Mohammed]]" 177515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == Jaŋde leslesre e golle == [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_in_CNBC-supply_chains_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_East_Asia_2012.jpg|thumb|Mustapa e nder batu faggudu winndereyankeewu jowitiingu e Asii fuɗnaange to Bangkok, Taylande, ñalnde 31 mee 2012]] Mustapa suɓaama e Asaambele leydi ndii e wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1995 ngam suɓaade diiwaan Jeli, kono o foolaama e wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1999. O heɓi jooɗorde ndee kadi e woote gardagol leydi 2004. E hitaande 2004, o suɓaama kadi e nder Asaambele dowla Kelantan ngam jooɗaade Air Lanas. O fotnoo ko wonde hooreejo jaagorɗe leydi Kelantan kono BN dañaani ko ɓuri heewde e Asammbele leydi ndi. O fiiltaa kadi e woote gardagol leydi 2008. E woote gardagol leydi 2004, o jokki e wonde depitee, o heɓi jooɗorde dowla Air Lanas e manndaa gooto kono o heɓi 47 woote. Mustapa ko gonnooɗo jaagorgal njulaagu hakkunde leyɗeele e nder laamu fedde BN. Ko adii ɗuum, o joginoo ko golle keewɗe e nder laamu, ina jeyaa heen cukko jaagorgal kaalis, jaagorgal ƴellitaare njulaagu, jaagorgal to departemaa gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, jaagorgal jaŋde toownde, e jaagorgal ndema e njulaagu. O toɗɗaa ko e ministeer njulaagu nde Najib Razak wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe e lewru abriil 2009. Caggal nde BN fooli e woote gardagol leydi 2018 e woote gardagol leydi UMNO, Mustapa hollitii ñalnde 18 suwee 2018 wonde o yaltii UMNO, o siftinii luural hakkunde makko e ardorde lannda ka hannde. Ñalnde 27 ut 2018, Mustapa naati fedde BERSATU. [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_20220208_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Mustafaa Muhammadu]] == Nguurndam aadee == [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_in_CNBC-supply_chains_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_East_Asia_2012.jpg|thumb|Mustafaa Muhammadu]] E lewru Yarkomaa 2021, Mustapa heɓi rafi [[Nawnaare korona hitande 2019|COVID-19]] . O selli, o yaltinaa e safrirde, caggal nde o woni e safrirde fotde jonte ɗiɗi, tawi heen balɗe tati ko e nder suudu safrirdu (ICU). {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Parliament of Malaysia''' !Year !Constituency ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Votes !Pct ! colspan="2" |Opponent(s) !Votes !Pct !Ballots cast !Majority !Turnout |- |1995 | rowspan="7" |'''P030 Jeli, Kelantan''' | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''13,301''' |'''51.10%''' | {{Party shading/S46}} | |Zianon Abdin Ali<br /><br /><br /><br />(S46) | align="right" |12,729 |48.90% |26,962 |572 |81.20% |- |1999 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |Mustapa<br /><br /><br /><br />Mohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />(UMNO) | align="right" |14,830 |48.43% | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |'''Mohd Apandi Mohamad''' ('''PAS''') | align="right" |'''15,523''' |'''50.69%''' |31,152 |693 |81.93% |- |2004 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''16,960''' |'''63.84%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |9,607 |36.16% |26,961 |7,353 |82.38% |- |2008 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''17,168''' |'''57.07%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |12,732 |42.33% |30,555 |4,436 |84.18% |- |2013 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''21,223''' |'''56.95%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |15,954 |42.81% |37,688 |5,269 |87.19% |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | rowspan="2" align="right" |'''21,665''' | rowspan="2" |'''45.64%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | |Azran Deraman<br /><br /><br /><br />([[Malaysian United Indigenous Party|BERSATU]]) | align="right" |2,078 |4.38% | rowspan="2" |39,161 | rowspan="2" |6,647 | rowspan="2" |82.50% |- | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohamad Hamid<br /><br /><br /><br />([[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PAS]]) | align="right" |15,018 |31.64% |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Asamblee lesdi Kelantan''' ! Hittande ! Diiwaan woote ! colspan="2" | Luulndo ! Cuɓe ! Pct ! colspan="2" | Luutndiiɓe ! Cuɓe ! Pct ! Wooteeji<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> !Ko ɓuri heewde ! Tawaaɓe |- | 2004 | rowspan="4" | '''N32 Lanaaji weeyo''' | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | align="right" | '''118''' | '''53,75%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 319 | 45,36% | 522 | 799 | 83,92% |- | 2013 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | align="right" | '''605''' | '''49,42%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 558 | 49,07% | 365 | 47 | 89,10% |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | rowspan="2" align="right" | '''243''' | rowspan="2" | '''40,89%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | | Aminudin Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar 'yan asalin Malaysia|BERSATU]] ) | align="right" | 608 | 3,43% | rowspan="2" | 908 | rowspan="2" | 359 | rowspan="2" | 84,19% |- | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 884 | 38,87% |} * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-SEL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Selangor_-_Knight_Commander_-_DPMS.svg|link=Fayil:MY-SEL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Selangor_-_Knight_Commander_-_DPMS.svg|50x50px]] Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS) – '''Dato'''' (1994) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-PAH_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SIMP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PAH_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SIMP.svg|50x50px]] Grand Knight of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (SIMP) – formerly '''''Dato'''''', now '''Dato' Indera''' (1998)<ref name=":1" /> ** Babban Knight na Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah na Pahang (SSAP) - '''Dato' Sri''' (2008)[[File:MY-PAH_Order_of_Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SSAP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PAH_Order_of_Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SSAP.svg|50x50px]]<ref name=":1" /> * Maleziya : ** [[File:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_1925-2006.svg|link=Fayil:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_1925-2006.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan (SJMK) – '''Dato'''' (2000) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-PERL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Perlis_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_SPMP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PERL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Perlis_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_SPMP.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Perlis (SPMP) – '''Dato' Seri''' (2014) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-MAL_Exalted_Order_of_Malacca.svg|link=Fayil:MY-MAL_Exalted_Order_of_Malacca.svg|50x50px]] Grand Commander of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DGSM) – '''Datuk Seri''' (2015)<ref name=":1" /> == Ƴeew kadi == * Goomu cuɓaaɗo bidsee (Malaysi) * Jeli (diiwaan fedde ndee) * Air Lanas (diiwaan oo) == Hiisoowo == <references></references> [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] [[Category:Nyaddo]] krcp6bq37u2zxdnxsf6tl273vz7gg5e 177516 177515 2026-06-30T13:19:27Z Bin Hassaini 14172 177516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Dato' Sri Mustapa bin Mohamed (Jawi: مصطفى بن محمد; jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 suwee 1950), ganndiraaɗo Tok Pa e nder Kelantanaaɓe nokku oo, ko politikyanke Malesi, gonnooɗo jaagorgal to bannge faggudu e les njiimaandi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Malesi, hono Mahdi Yassin, gila e lewru marse 2012 (BERSATU), fedde Perikatan Nasional (PN) e gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Pakatan Harapan (PH) e wonnoo tergal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (UMNO), fedde gollodiiɗo mum BN. O yalti UMNO o fayi BERSATU e hitaande 2018. [1] == Jaŋde leslesre e golle == [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_in_CNBC-supply_chains_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_East_Asia_2012.jpg|thumb|Mustapa e nder batu faggudu winndereyankeewu jowitiingu e Asii fuɗnaange to Bangkok, Taylande, ñalnde 31 mee 2012]] Mustapa suɓaama e Asaambele leydi ndii e wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1995 ngam suɓaade diiwaan Jeli, kono o foolaama e wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1999. O heɓi jooɗorde ndee kadi e woote gardagol leydi 2004. E hitaande 2004, o suɓaama kadi e nder Asaambele dowla Kelantan ngam jooɗaade Air Lanas. O fotnoo ko wonde hooreejo jaagorɗe leydi Kelantan kono BN dañaani ko ɓuri heewde e Asammbele leydi ndi. O fiiltaa kadi e woote gardagol leydi 2008. E woote gardagol leydi 2004, o jokki e wonde depitee, o heɓi jooɗorde dowla Air Lanas e manndaa gooto kono o heɓi 47 woote. Mustapa ko gonnooɗo jaagorgal njulaagu hakkunde leyɗeele e nder laamu fedde BN. Ko adii ɗuum, o joginoo ko golle keewɗe e nder laamu, ina jeyaa heen cukko jaagorgal kaalis, jaagorgal ƴellitaare njulaagu, jaagorgal to departemaa gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, jaagorgal jaŋde toownde, e jaagorgal ndema e njulaagu. O toɗɗaa ko e ministeer njulaagu nde Najib Razak wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe e lewru abriil 2009. Caggal nde BN fooli e woote gardagol leydi 2018 e woote gardagol leydi UMNO, Mustapa hollitii ñalnde 18 suwee 2018 wonde o yaltii UMNO, o siftinii luural hakkunde makko e ardorde lannda ka hannde. Ñalnde 27 ut 2018, Mustapa naati fedde BERSATU. [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_20220208_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Mustafaa Muhammadu]] == Nguurndam aadee == [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_in_CNBC-supply_chains_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_East_Asia_2012.jpg|thumb|Mustafaa Muhammadu]] E lewru Yarkomaa 2021, Mustapa heɓi rafi [[Nawnaare korona hitande 2019|COVID-19]] . O selli, o yaltinaa e safrirde, caggal nde o woni e safrirde fotde jonte ɗiɗi, tawi heen balɗe tati ko e nder suudu safrirdu (ICU). {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Parliament of Malaysia''' !Year !Constituency ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Votes !Pct ! colspan="2" |Opponent(s) !Votes !Pct !Ballots cast !Majority !Turnout |- |1995 | rowspan="7" |'''P030 Jeli, Kelantan''' | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''13,301''' |'''51.10%''' | {{Party shading/S46}} | |Zianon Abdin Ali<br /><br /><br /><br />(S46) | align="right" |12,729 |48.90% |26,962 |572 |81.20% |- |1999 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |Mustapa<br /><br /><br /><br />Mohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />(UMNO) | align="right" |14,830 |48.43% | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |'''Mohd Apandi Mohamad''' ('''PAS''') | align="right" |'''15,523''' |'''50.69%''' |31,152 |693 |81.93% |- |2004 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''16,960''' |'''63.84%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |9,607 |36.16% |26,961 |7,353 |82.38% |- |2008 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''17,168''' |'''57.07%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |12,732 |42.33% |30,555 |4,436 |84.18% |- |2013 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''21,223''' |'''56.95%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |15,954 |42.81% |37,688 |5,269 |87.19% |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | rowspan="2" align="right" |'''21,665''' | rowspan="2" |'''45.64%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | |Azran Deraman<br /><br /><br /><br />([[Malaysian United Indigenous Party|BERSATU]]) | align="right" |2,078 |4.38% | rowspan="2" |39,161 | rowspan="2" |6,647 | rowspan="2" |82.50% |- | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohamad Hamid<br /><br /><br /><br />([[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PAS]]) | align="right" |15,018 |31.64% |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Asamblee lesdi Kelantan''' ! Hittande ! Diiwaan woote ! colspan="2" | Luulndo ! Cuɓe ! Pct ! colspan="2" | Luutndiiɓe ! Cuɓe ! Pct ! Wooteeji<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> !Ko ɓuri heewde ! Tawaaɓe |- | 2004 | rowspan="4" | '''N32 Lanaaji weeyo''' | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | align="right" | '''118''' | '''53,75%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 319 | 45,36% | 522 | 799 | 83,92% |- | 2013 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | align="right" | '''605''' | '''49,42%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 558 | 49,07% | 365 | 47 | 89,10% |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | rowspan="2" align="right" | '''243''' | rowspan="2" | '''40,89%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | | Aminudin Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar 'yan asalin Malaysia|BERSATU]] ) | align="right" | 608 | 3,43% | rowspan="2" | 908 | rowspan="2" | 359 | rowspan="2" | 84,19% |- | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 884 | 38,87% |} * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-SEL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Selangor_-_Knight_Commander_-_DPMS.svg|link=Fayil:MY-SEL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Selangor_-_Knight_Commander_-_DPMS.svg|50x50px]] Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS) – '''Dato'''' (1994) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-PAH_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SIMP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PAH_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SIMP.svg|50x50px]] Grand Knight of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (SIMP) – formerly '''''Dato'''''', now '''Dato' Indera''' (1998)<ref name=":1" /> ** Babban Knight na Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah na Pahang (SSAP) - '''Dato' Sri''' (2008)[[File:MY-PAH_Order_of_Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SSAP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PAH_Order_of_Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SSAP.svg|50x50px]]<ref name=":1" /> * Maleziya : ** [[File:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_1925-2006.svg|link=Fayil:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_1925-2006.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan (SJMK) – '''Dato'''' (2000) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-PERL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Perlis_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_SPMP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PERL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Perlis_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_SPMP.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Perlis (SPMP) – '''Dato' Seri''' (2014) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-MAL_Exalted_Order_of_Malacca.svg|link=Fayil:MY-MAL_Exalted_Order_of_Malacca.svg|50x50px]] Grand Commander of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DGSM) – '''Datuk Seri''' (2015)<ref name=":1" /> == Ƴeew kadi == * Goomu cuɓaaɗo bidsee (Malaysi) * Jeli (diiwaan fedde ndee) * Air Lanas (diiwaan oo) == Hiisoowo == <references></references> [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] [[Category:Nyaddo]] a6d0dswdybesjliqhnlv2h8bpw5turl 177517 177516 2026-06-30T13:21:12Z Bin Hassaini 14172 177517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Dato' Sri Mustapa bin Mohamed (Jawi: مصطفى بن محمد; jibinaa ko ñalnde sappede didi e jeweey 25 lewru suwee hiitande alif 1950), ganndiraaɗo Tok Pa e nder Kelantanaaɓe nokku oo, ko politikyanke Malesi, gonnooɗo jaagorgal to bannge faggudu e les njiimaandi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Malesi, hono Mahdi Yassin, gila e lewru marse 2012 (BERSATU), fedde Perikatan Nasional (PN) e gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Pakatan Harapan (PH) e wonnoo tergal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (UMNO), fedde gollodiiɗo mum BN. O yalti UMNO o fayi BERSATU e hitaande 2018. [1] == Jaŋde leslesre e golle == [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_in_CNBC-supply_chains_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_East_Asia_2012.jpg|thumb|Mustapa e nder batu faggudu winndereyankeewu jowitiingu e Asii fuɗnaange to Bangkok, Taylande, ñalnde 31 mee 2012]] Mustapa suɓaama e Asaambele leydi ndii e wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1995 ngam suɓaade diiwaan Jeli, kono o foolaama e wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1999. O heɓi jooɗorde ndee kadi e woote gardagol leydi 2004. E hitaande 2004, o suɓaama kadi e nder Asaambele dowla Kelantan ngam jooɗaade Air Lanas. O fotnoo ko wonde hooreejo jaagorɗe leydi Kelantan kono BN dañaani ko ɓuri heewde e Asammbele leydi ndi. O fiiltaa kadi e woote gardagol leydi 2008. E woote gardagol leydi 2004, o jokki e wonde depitee, o heɓi jooɗorde dowla Air Lanas e manndaa gooto kono o heɓi 47 woote. Mustapa ko gonnooɗo jaagorgal njulaagu hakkunde leyɗeele e nder laamu fedde BN. Ko adii ɗuum, o joginoo ko golle keewɗe e nder laamu, ina jeyaa heen cukko jaagorgal kaalis, jaagorgal ƴellitaare njulaagu, jaagorgal to departemaa gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, jaagorgal jaŋde toownde, e jaagorgal ndema e njulaagu. O toɗɗaa ko e ministeer njulaagu nde Najib Razak wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe e lewru abriil 2009. Caggal nde BN fooli e woote gardagol leydi 2018 e woote gardagol leydi UMNO, Mustapa hollitii ñalnde 18 suwee 2018 wonde o yaltii UMNO, o siftinii luural hakkunde makko e ardorde lannda ka hannde. Ñalnde 27 ut 2018, Mustapa naati fedde BERSATU. [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_20220208_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Mustafaa Muhammadu]] == Nguurndam aadee == [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_in_CNBC-supply_chains_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_East_Asia_2012.jpg|thumb|Mustafaa Muhammadu]] E lewru Yarkomaa 2021, Mustapa heɓi rafi [[Nawnaare korona hitande 2019|COVID-19]] . O selli, o yaltinaa e safrirde, caggal nde o woni e safrirde fotde jonte ɗiɗi, tawi heen balɗe tati ko e nder suudu safrirdu (ICU). {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Parliament of Malaysia''' !Year !Constituency ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Votes !Pct ! colspan="2" |Opponent(s) !Votes !Pct !Ballots cast !Majority !Turnout |- |1995 | rowspan="7" |'''P030 Jeli, Kelantan''' | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''13,301''' |'''51.10%''' | {{Party shading/S46}} | |Zianon Abdin Ali<br /><br /><br /><br />(S46) | align="right" |12,729 |48.90% |26,962 |572 |81.20% |- |1999 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |Mustapa<br /><br /><br /><br />Mohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />(UMNO) | align="right" |14,830 |48.43% | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |'''Mohd Apandi Mohamad''' ('''PAS''') | align="right" |'''15,523''' |'''50.69%''' |31,152 |693 |81.93% |- |2004 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''16,960''' |'''63.84%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |9,607 |36.16% |26,961 |7,353 |82.38% |- |2008 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''17,168''' |'''57.07%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |12,732 |42.33% |30,555 |4,436 |84.18% |- |2013 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''21,223''' |'''56.95%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |15,954 |42.81% |37,688 |5,269 |87.19% |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | rowspan="2" align="right" |'''21,665''' | rowspan="2" |'''45.64%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | |Azran Deraman<br /><br /><br /><br />([[Malaysian United Indigenous Party|BERSATU]]) | align="right" |2,078 |4.38% | rowspan="2" |39,161 | rowspan="2" |6,647 | rowspan="2" |82.50% |- | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohamad Hamid<br /><br /><br /><br />([[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PAS]]) | align="right" |15,018 |31.64% |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Asamblee lesdi Kelantan''' ! Hittande ! Diiwaan woote ! colspan="2" | Luulndo ! Cuɓe ! Pct ! colspan="2" | Luutndiiɓe ! Cuɓe ! Pct ! Wooteeji<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> !Ko ɓuri heewde ! Tawaaɓe |- | 2004 | rowspan="4" | '''N32 Lanaaji weeyo''' | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | align="right" | '''118''' | '''53,75%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 319 | 45,36% | 522 | 799 | 83,92% |- | 2013 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | align="right" | '''605''' | '''49,42%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 558 | 49,07% | 365 | 47 | 89,10% |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | rowspan="2" align="right" | '''243''' | rowspan="2" | '''40,89%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | | Aminudin Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar 'yan asalin Malaysia|BERSATU]] ) | align="right" | 608 | 3,43% | rowspan="2" | 908 | rowspan="2" | 359 | rowspan="2" | 84,19% |- | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 884 | 38,87% |} * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-SEL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Selangor_-_Knight_Commander_-_DPMS.svg|link=Fayil:MY-SEL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Selangor_-_Knight_Commander_-_DPMS.svg|50x50px]] Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS) – '''Dato'''' (1994) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-PAH_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SIMP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PAH_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SIMP.svg|50x50px]] Grand Knight of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (SIMP) – formerly '''''Dato'''''', now '''Dato' Indera''' (1998)<ref name=":1" /> ** Babban Knight na Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah na Pahang (SSAP) - '''Dato' Sri''' (2008)[[File:MY-PAH_Order_of_Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SSAP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PAH_Order_of_Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SSAP.svg|50x50px]]<ref name=":1" /> * Maleziya : ** [[File:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_1925-2006.svg|link=Fayil:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_1925-2006.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan (SJMK) – '''Dato'''' (2000) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-PERL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Perlis_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_SPMP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PERL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Perlis_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_SPMP.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Perlis (SPMP) – '''Dato' Seri''' (2014) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-MAL_Exalted_Order_of_Malacca.svg|link=Fayil:MY-MAL_Exalted_Order_of_Malacca.svg|50x50px]] Grand Commander of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DGSM) – '''Datuk Seri''' (2015)<ref name=":1" /> == Ƴeew kadi == * Goomu cuɓaaɗo bidsee (Malaysi) * Jeli (diiwaan fedde ndee) * Air Lanas (diiwaan oo) == Hiisoowo == <references></references> [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] [[Category:Nyaddo]] bmcflaf5vcs2qnraguh1fm5lktoj471 177528 177517 2026-06-30T13:59:41Z Fulani215 7983 /* */ fixed typo 177528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Dato' Sri Mustapa bin Mohamed (Jawi: مصطفى بن محمد; jibinaa ko ñalnde sappede didi e jeweey 25 lewru suwee hiitande alif 1950), ganndiraaɗo Tok Pa e nder Kelantanaaɓe nokku oo, ko politikyanke Malesi, gonnooɗo jaagorgal to bannge faggudu e les njiimaandi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Malesi, hono Mahdi Yassin, gila e lewru marse 2012 (BERSATU), fedde Perikatan Nasional (PN) e gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Pakatan Harapan (PH) e wonnoo tergal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (UMNO), fedde gollodiiɗo mum BN. O yalti UMNO o fayi BERSATU e hitaande 2018. == Jaŋde leslesre e golle == [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_in_CNBC-supply_chains_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_East_Asia_2012.jpg|thumb|Mustapa e nder batu faggudu winndereyankeewu jowitiingu e Asii fuɗnaange to Bangkok, Taylande, ñalnde 31 mee 2012]] Mustapa suɓaama e Asaambele leydi ndii e wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1995 ngam suɓaade diiwaan Jeli, kono o foolaama e wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1999. O heɓi jooɗorde ndee kadi e woote gardagol leydi 2004. E hitaande 2004, o suɓaama kadi e nder Asaambele dowla Kelantan ngam jooɗaade Air Lanas. O fotnoo ko wonde hooreejo jaagorɗe leydi Kelantan kono BN dañaani ko ɓuri heewde e Asammbele leydi ndi. O fiiltaa kadi e woote gardagol leydi 2008. E woote gardagol leydi 2004, o jokki e wonde depitee, o heɓi jooɗorde dowla Air Lanas e manndaa gooto kono o heɓi 47 woote. Mustapa ko gonnooɗo jaagorgal njulaagu hakkunde leyɗeele e nder laamu fedde BN. Ko adii ɗuum, o joginoo ko golle keewɗe e nder laamu, ina jeyaa heen cukko jaagorgal kaalis, jaagorgal ƴellitaare njulaagu, jaagorgal to departemaa gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, jaagorgal jaŋde toownde, e jaagorgal ndema e njulaagu. O toɗɗaa ko e ministeer njulaagu nde Najib Razak wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe e lewru abriil 2009. Caggal nde BN fooli e woote gardagol leydi 2018 e woote gardagol leydi UMNO, Mustapa hollitii ñalnde 18 suwee 2018 wonde o yaltii UMNO, o siftinii luural hakkunde makko e ardorde lannda ka hannde. Ñalnde 27 ut 2018, Mustapa naati fedde BERSATU. [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_20220208_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Mustafaa Muhammadu]] == Nguurndam aadee == [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_in_CNBC-supply_chains_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_East_Asia_2012.jpg|thumb|Mustafaa Muhammadu]] E lewru Yarkomaa 2021, Mustapa heɓi rafi [[Nawnaare korona hitande 2019|COVID-19]] . O selli, o yaltinaa e safrirde, caggal nde o woni e safrirde fotde jonte ɗiɗi, tawi heen balɗe tati ko e nder suudu safrirdu (ICU). {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Parliament of Malaysia''' !Year !Constituency ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Votes !Pct ! colspan="2" |Opponent(s) !Votes !Pct !Ballots cast !Majority !Turnout |- |1995 | rowspan="7" |'''P030 Jeli, Kelantan''' | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''13,301''' |'''51.10%''' | {{Party shading/S46}} | |Zianon Abdin Ali<br /><br /><br /><br />(S46) | align="right" |12,729 |48.90% |26,962 |572 |81.20% |- |1999 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |Mustapa<br /><br /><br /><br />Mohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />(UMNO) | align="right" |14,830 |48.43% | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |'''Mohd Apandi Mohamad''' ('''PAS''') | align="right" |'''15,523''' |'''50.69%''' |31,152 |693 |81.93% |- |2004 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''16,960''' |'''63.84%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |9,607 |36.16% |26,961 |7,353 |82.38% |- |2008 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''17,168''' |'''57.07%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |12,732 |42.33% |30,555 |4,436 |84.18% |- |2013 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''21,223''' |'''56.95%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |15,954 |42.81% |37,688 |5,269 |87.19% |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | rowspan="2" align="right" |'''21,665''' | rowspan="2" |'''45.64%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | |Azran Deraman<br /><br /><br /><br />([[Malaysian United Indigenous Party|BERSATU]]) | align="right" |2,078 |4.38% | rowspan="2" |39,161 | rowspan="2" |6,647 | rowspan="2" |82.50% |- | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohamad Hamid<br /><br /><br /><br />([[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PAS]]) | align="right" |15,018 |31.64% |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Asamblee lesdi Kelantan''' ! Hittande ! Diiwaan woote ! colspan="2" | Luulndo ! Cuɓe ! Pct ! colspan="2" | Luutndiiɓe ! Cuɓe ! Pct ! Wooteeji<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> !Ko ɓuri heewde ! Tawaaɓe |- | 2004 | rowspan="4" | '''N32 Lanaaji weeyo''' | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | align="right" | '''118''' | '''53,75%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 319 | 45,36% | 522 | 799 | 83,92% |- | 2013 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | align="right" | '''605''' | '''49,42%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 558 | 49,07% | 365 | 47 | 89,10% |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | rowspan="2" align="right" | '''243''' | rowspan="2" | '''40,89%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | | Aminudin Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar 'yan asalin Malaysia|BERSATU]] ) | align="right" | 608 | 3,43% | rowspan="2" | 908 | rowspan="2" | 359 | rowspan="2" | 84,19% |- | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 884 | 38,87% |} * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-SEL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Selangor_-_Knight_Commander_-_DPMS.svg|link=Fayil:MY-SEL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Selangor_-_Knight_Commander_-_DPMS.svg|50x50px]] Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS) – '''Dato'''' (1994) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-PAH_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SIMP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PAH_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SIMP.svg|50x50px]] Grand Knight of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (SIMP) – formerly '''''Dato'''''', now '''Dato' Indera''' (1998)<ref name=":1" /> ** Babban Knight na Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah na Pahang (SSAP) - '''Dato' Sri''' (2008)[[File:MY-PAH_Order_of_Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SSAP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PAH_Order_of_Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SSAP.svg|50x50px]]<ref name=":1" /> * Maleziya : ** [[File:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_1925-2006.svg|link=Fayil:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_1925-2006.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan (SJMK) – '''Dato'''' (2000) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-PERL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Perlis_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_SPMP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PERL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Perlis_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_SPMP.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Perlis (SPMP) – '''Dato' Seri''' (2014) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-MAL_Exalted_Order_of_Malacca.svg|link=Fayil:MY-MAL_Exalted_Order_of_Malacca.svg|50x50px]] Grand Commander of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DGSM) – '''Datuk Seri''' (2015)<ref name=":1" /> == Ƴeew kadi == * Goomu cuɓaaɗo bidsee (Malaysi) * Jeli (diiwaan fedde ndee) * Air Lanas (diiwaan oo) == Hiisoowo == <references></references> [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] [[Category:Nyaddo]] r20uxdktnb1ktizyyqa17m4hgxw6vju 177529 177528 2026-06-30T14:00:14Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */ fixed typo 177529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Dato' Sri Mustapa bin Mohamed (Jawi: مصطفى بن محمد; jibinaa ko ñalnde sappede didi e jeweey 25 lewru suwee hiitande alif 1950), ganndiraaɗo Tok Pa e nder Kelantanaaɓe nokku oo, ko politikyanke Malesi, gonnooɗo jaagorgal to bannge faggudu e les njiimaandi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Malesi, hono Mahdi Yassin, gila e lewru marse 2012 (BERSATU), fedde Perikatan Nasional (PN) e gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Pakatan Harapan (PH) e wonnoo tergal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (UMNO), fedde gollodiiɗo mum BN. O yalti UMNO o fayi BERSATU e hitaande 2018. == Jaŋde leslesre e golle == [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_in_CNBC-supply_chains_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_East_Asia_2012.jpg|thumb|Mustapa e nder batu faggudu winndereyankeewu jowitiingu e Asii fuɗnaange to Bangkok, Taylande, ñalnde 31 mee 2012]] Mustapa suɓaama e Asaambele leydi ndii e wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1995 ngam suɓaade diiwaan Jeli, kono o foolaama e wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1999. O heɓi jooɗorde ndee kadi e woote gardagol leydi 2004. E hitaande 2004, o suɓaama kadi e nder Asaambele dowla Kelantan ngam jooɗaade Air Lanas. O fotnoo ko wonde hooreejo jaagorɗe leydi Kelantan kono BN dañaani ko ɓuri heewde e Asammbele leydi ndi. O fiiltaa kadi e woote gardagol leydi 2008. E woote gardagol leydi 2004, o jokki e wonde depitee, o heɓi jooɗorde dowla Air Lanas e manndaa gooto kono o heɓi 47 woote. Mustapa ko gonnooɗo jaagorgal njulaagu hakkunde leyɗeele e nder laamu fedde BN. Ko adii ɗuum, o joginoo ko golle keewɗe e nder laamu, ina jeyaa heen cukko jaagorgal kaalis, jaagorgal ƴellitaare njulaagu, jaagorgal to departemaa gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, jaagorgal jaŋde toownde, e jaagorgal ndema e njulaagu. O toɗɗaa ko e ministeer njulaagu nde Najib Razak wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe e lewru abriil 2009. Caggal nde BN fooli e woote gardagol leydi 2018 e woote gardagol leydi UMNO, Mustapa hollitii ñalnde 18 suwee 2018 wonde o yaltii UMNO, o siftinii luural hakkunde makko e ardorde lannda ka hannde. Ñalnde 27 ut 2018, Mustapa naati fedde BERSATU. [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_20220208_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Mustafaa Muhammadu]] == Nguurndam aadee == [[File:Mustapa_Mohamed_in_CNBC-supply_chains_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_East_Asia_2012.jpg|thumb|Mustafaa Muhammadu]] E lewru Yarkomaa 2021, Mustapa heɓi rafi [[Nawnaare korona hitande 2019|COVID-19]] . O selli, o yaltinaa e safrirde, caggal nde o woni e safrirde fotde jonte ɗiɗi, tawi heen balɗe tati ko e nder suudu safrirdu (ICU). {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Parliament of Malaysia''' !Year !Constituency ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Votes !Pct ! colspan="2" |Opponent(s) !Votes !Pct !Ballots cast !Majority !Turnout |- |1995 | rowspan="7" |'''P030 Jeli, Kelantan''' | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''13,301''' |'''51.10%''' | {{Party shading/S46}} | |Zianon Abdin Ali<br /><br /><br /><br />(S46) | align="right" |12,729 |48.90% |26,962 |572 |81.20% |- |1999 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |Mustapa<br /><br /><br /><br />Mohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />(UMNO) | align="right" |14,830 |48.43% | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |'''Mohd Apandi Mohamad''' ('''PAS''') | align="right" |'''15,523''' |'''50.69%''' |31,152 |693 |81.93% |- |2004 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''16,960''' |'''63.84%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |9,607 |36.16% |26,961 |7,353 |82.38% |- |2008 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''17,168''' |'''57.07%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |12,732 |42.33% |30,555 |4,436 |84.18% |- |2013 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | align="right" |'''21,223''' |'''56.95%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohd Apandi Mohamad (PAS) | align="right" |15,954 |42.81% |37,688 |5,269 |87.19% |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" |MustapaMohamed<br /><br /><br /><br />([[United Malays National Organisation|'''UMNO''']]) | rowspan="2" align="right" |'''21,665''' | rowspan="2" |'''45.64%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | |Azran Deraman<br /><br /><br /><br />([[Malaysian United Indigenous Party|BERSATU]]) | align="right" |2,078 |4.38% | rowspan="2" |39,161 | rowspan="2" |6,647 | rowspan="2" |82.50% |- | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Mohamad Hamid<br /><br /><br /><br />([[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PAS]]) | align="right" |15,018 |31.64% |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Asamblee lesdi Kelantan''' ! Hittande ! Diiwaan woote ! colspan="2" | Luulndo ! Cuɓe ! Pct ! colspan="2" | Luutndiiɓe ! Cuɓe ! Pct ! Wooteeji<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> !Ko ɓuri heewde ! Tawaaɓe |- | 2004 | rowspan="4" | '''N32 Lanaaji weeyo''' | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | align="right" | '''118''' | '''53,75%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 319 | 45,36% | 522 | 799 | 83,92% |- | 2013 | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | align="right" | '''605''' | '''49,42%''' | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 558 | 49,07% | 365 | 47 | 89,10% |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" | MustapaMohammadu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']] ) | rowspan="2" align="right" | '''243''' | rowspan="2" | '''40,89%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | | Aminudin Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar 'yan asalin Malaysia|BERSATU]] ) | align="right" | 608 | 3,43% | rowspan="2" | 908 | rowspan="2" | 359 | rowspan="2" | 84,19% |- | {{Party shading/PAS}} | | Abdullaah Yaakuuba<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian|PAS]] ) | align="right" | 884 | 38,87% |} * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-SEL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Selangor_-_Knight_Commander_-_DPMS.svg|link=Fayil:MY-SEL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Selangor_-_Knight_Commander_-_DPMS.svg|50x50px]] Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS) – '''Dato'''' (1994) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-PAH_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SIMP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PAH_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SIMP.svg|50x50px]] Grand Knight of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (SIMP) – formerly '''''Dato'''''', now '''Dato' Indera''' (1998)<ref name=":1" /> ** Babban Knight na Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah na Pahang (SSAP) - '''Dato' Sri''' (2008)[[File:MY-PAH_Order_of_Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SSAP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PAH_Order_of_Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SSAP.svg|50x50px]]<ref name=":1" /> * Maleziya : ** [[File:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_1925-2006.svg|link=Fayil:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_1925-2006.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan (SJMK) – '''Dato'''' (2000) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-PERL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Perlis_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_SPMP.svg|link=Fayil:MY-PERL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Perlis_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_SPMP.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Perlis (SPMP) – '''Dato' Seri''' (2014) * Maleziya : ** [[File:MY-MAL_Exalted_Order_of_Malacca.svg|link=Fayil:MY-MAL_Exalted_Order_of_Malacca.svg|50x50px]] Grand Commander of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DGSM) – '''Datuk Seri''' (2015)<ref name=":1" /> == Ƴeew kadi == * Goomu cuɓaaɗo bidsee (Malaysi) * Jeli (diiwaan fedde ndee) * Air Lanas (diiwaan oo) == Himobe == <references></references> [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] [[Category:Nyaddo]] kb354relzm6fenby2dkz3d7cv4nyhpb 0 42846 177518 2026-06-30T13:35:56Z Bin Hassaini 14172 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/862040|Majiya]]" 177518 wikitext text/x-wiki Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . [1] fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']].{{Databox}} [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. [1] Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe. Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe ''tawa alaa'' bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e : : "Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde." ¹ Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii : : 1. Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maayde'' (New York: Macmillan, 1969) 45-60. E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e : : 1. Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maayde'' 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii : : Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde'' . New York: Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. : « Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli, e jaɓde » (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", "Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal". Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == {{Notelist}} == Hiisoowo == {{Reflist}}Armstrong, J Scott (lewru sulyee 1996). "Ombudsman: Folklore njuɓɓudi e ganndal njuɓɓudi – Dow peewnugol portfolio, ɓeydagol ŋakkeende, e ko nanndi heen". Jokkondire. 26 (4): 28-42. 10.1287/inte.26.4.25. Pechenik, Jan A (2004). Koolol juutngol e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji (5e éd.). Niw York: Piirson/Longman. ISBN 978-0321-15981-6 . OCLC 52166026. "Hol ko waɗi sifaaji ciimtol ina ceerti?". Yale.jaŋde. 2008. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 28 lewru nduu. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] m78ztqvep3kps37on239e78d0p6o0xg 177519 177518 2026-06-30T13:41:00Z Bin Hassaini 14172 177519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . [1] fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']].{{Databox}} [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. [1] Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe. Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe ''tawa alaa'' bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e : : "Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde." ¹ Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii : : 1. Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maayde'' (New York: Macmillan, 1969) 45-60. E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e : : 1. Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maayde'' 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii : : Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde'' . New York: Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. : « Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli, e jaɓde » (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", "Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal". Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == {{Notelist}} == Hiisoowo == {{Reflist}}Armstrong, J Scott (lewru sulyee 1996). "Ombudsman: Folklore njuɓɓudi e ganndal njuɓɓudi – Dow peewnugol portfolio, ɓeydagol ŋakkeende, e ko nanndi heen". Jokkondire. 26 (4): 28-42. 10.1287/inte.26.4.25. Pechenik, Jan A (2004). Koolol juutngol e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji (5e éd.). Niw York: Piirson/Longman. ISBN 978-0321-15981-6 . OCLC 52166026. "Hol ko waɗi sifaaji ciimtol ina ceerti?". Yale.jaŋde. 2008. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 28 lewru nduu. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 52xoubog5iybalrclqmz6rb2kz7og5m 177520 177519 2026-06-30T13:42:17Z Bin Hassaini 14172 177520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . [1] fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']].{{Databox}} [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. [1] Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe. Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe ''tawa alaa'' bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e : : "Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde." ¹ Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii : : 1. Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maayde'' (New York: Macmillan, 1969) 45-60. E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e : : 1. Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maayde'' 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii : : Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde'' . New York: Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. : « Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli, e jaɓde » (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", "Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal". Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == {{Notelist}} == Hiisoowo == {{Reflist}}Armstrong, J Scott (lewru sulyee 1996). "Ombudsman: Folklore njuɓɓudi e ganndal njuɓɓudi – Dow peewnugol portfolio, ɓeydagol ŋakkeende, e ko nanndi heen". Jokkondire. 26 (4): 28-42. 10.1287/inte.26.4.25. Pechenik, Jan A (2004). Koolol juutngol e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji (5e éd.). Niw York: Piirson/Longman. ISBN 978-0321-15981-6 . OCLC 52166026. "Hol ko waɗi sifaaji ciimtol ina ceerti?". Yale.jaŋde. 2008. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 28 lewru nduu. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ossi5pnq99lq4gg55pax7bh35sl9sht 177521 177520 2026-06-30T13:49:23Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */ fixed typo 177521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . [1] fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']].{{Databox}} [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. [1] Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe. Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe ''tawa alaa'' bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e : : "Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde." ¹ Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii : : 1. Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maayde'' (New York: Macmillan, 1969) 45-60. E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e : : 1. Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maayde'' 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii : : Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde'' . New York: Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. : « Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli, e jaɓde » (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", "Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal". Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == {{Notelist}} == Himobe == {{Reflist}}Armstrong, J Scott (lewru sulyee 1996). "Ombudsman: Folklore njuɓɓudi e ganndal njuɓɓudi – Dow peewnugol portfolio, ɓeydagol ŋakkeende, e ko nanndi heen". Jokkondire. 26 (4): 28-42. 10.1287/inte.26.4.25. Pechenik, Jan A (2004). Koolol juutngol e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji (5e éd.). Niw York: Piirson/Longman. ISBN 978-0321-15981-6 . OCLC 52166026. "Hol ko waɗi sifaaji ciimtol ina ceerti?". Yale.jaŋde. 2008. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 28 lewru nduu. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 72dcjljc9vdrx9d9l9qtr1kaozh13bc 177522 177521 2026-06-30T13:55:06Z Fulani215 7983 /* Siistem Vanco */ fixed typo 177522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . [1] fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']].{{Databox}} [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. [1] Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe tawa alaa bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde. Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maaydy E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e Kubler-Ross, Ko fayti e maayde e maayde 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. : « Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli, e jaɓde » (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", "Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal". Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == {{Notelist}} == Himobe == {{Reflist}}Armstrong, J Scott (lewru sulyee 1996). "Ombudsman: Folklore njuɓɓudi e ganndal njuɓɓudi – Dow peewnugol portfolio, ɓeydagol ŋakkeende, e ko nanndi heen". Jokkondire. 26 (4): 28-42. 10.1287/inte.26.4.25. Pechenik, Jan A (2004). Koolol juutngol e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji (5e éd.). Niw York: Piirson/Longman. ISBN 978-0321-15981-6 . OCLC 52166026. "Hol ko waɗi sifaaji ciimtol ina ceerti?". Yale.jaŋde. 2008. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 28 lewru nduu. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] s7rwdaq60ke6te63wiiucu8rgs34shw 177523 177522 2026-06-30T13:55:48Z Fulani215 7983 /* Ɓataake jibinannde */ fixed typo 177523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . [1] fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']].{{Databox}} [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. [1] Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe tawa alaa bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde. Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maaydy E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e Kubler-Ross, Ko fayti e maayde e maayde 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli e jaɓde (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == {{Notelist}} == Himobe == {{Reflist}}Armstrong, J Scott (lewru sulyee 1996). "Ombudsman: Folklore njuɓɓudi e ganndal njuɓɓudi – Dow peewnugol portfolio, ɓeydagol ŋakkeende, e ko nanndi heen". Jokkondire. 26 (4): 28-42. 10.1287/inte.26.4.25. Pechenik, Jan A (2004). Koolol juutngol e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji (5e éd.). Niw York: Piirson/Longman. ISBN 978-0321-15981-6 . OCLC 52166026. "Hol ko waɗi sifaaji ciimtol ina ceerti?". Yale.jaŋde. 2008. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 28 lewru nduu. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6e4keah3cepc0f5hqv9k9ljxvxvbde7 177524 177523 2026-06-30T13:56:16Z Fulani215 7983 /* Teskorɗe */ fixed typo 177524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . [1] fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']].{{Databox}} [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. [1] Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe tawa alaa bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde. Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maaydy E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e Kubler-Ross, Ko fayti e maayde e maayde 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli e jaɓde (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == == Himobe == {{Reflist}}Armstrong, J Scott (lewru sulyee 1996). "Ombudsman: Folklore njuɓɓudi e ganndal njuɓɓudi – Dow peewnugol portfolio, ɓeydagol ŋakkeende, e ko nanndi heen". Jokkondire. 26 (4): 28-42. 10.1287/inte.26.4.25. Pechenik, Jan A (2004). Koolol juutngol e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji (5e éd.). Niw York: Piirson/Longman. ISBN 978-0321-15981-6 . OCLC 52166026. "Hol ko waɗi sifaaji ciimtol ina ceerti?". Yale.jaŋde. 2008. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 28 lewru nduu. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q0bj76ieasck2efwyu4d0vs403q9h4p 177525 177524 2026-06-30T13:57:20Z Fulani215 7983 /* */ fixed typo 177525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']].{{Databox}} [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. [1] Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe tawa alaa bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde. Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maaydy E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e Kubler-Ross, Ko fayti e maayde e maayde 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli e jaɓde (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == == Himobe == {{Reflist}}Armstrong, J Scott (lewru sulyee 1996). "Ombudsman: Folklore njuɓɓudi e ganndal njuɓɓudi – Dow peewnugol portfolio, ɓeydagol ŋakkeende, e ko nanndi heen". Jokkondire. 26 (4): 28-42. 10.1287/inte.26.4.25. Pechenik, Jan A (2004). Koolol juutngol e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji (5e éd.). Niw York: Piirson/Longman. ISBN 978-0321-15981-6 . OCLC 52166026. "Hol ko waɗi sifaaji ciimtol ina ceerti?". Yale.jaŋde. 2008. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 28 lewru nduu. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jyr3hngxosfk7t4rbw1k3p6z8gxz14v 177526 177525 2026-06-30T13:57:47Z Fulani215 7983 /* Nummol */ fixed typo 177526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']].{{Databox}} [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe tawa alaa bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde. Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maaydy E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e Kubler-Ross, Ko fayti e maayde e maayde 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli e jaɓde (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == == Himobe == {{Reflist}}Armstrong, J Scott (lewru sulyee 1996). "Ombudsman: Folklore njuɓɓudi e ganndal njuɓɓudi – Dow peewnugol portfolio, ɓeydagol ŋakkeende, e ko nanndi heen". Jokkondire. 26 (4): 28-42. 10.1287/inte.26.4.25. Pechenik, Jan A (2004). Koolol juutngol e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji (5e éd.). Niw York: Piirson/Longman. ISBN 978-0321-15981-6 . OCLC 52166026. "Hol ko waɗi sifaaji ciimtol ina ceerti?". Yale.jaŋde. 2008. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 28 lewru nduu. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 20cl5gb62jmrdav1q2q352lr8lneasq 177527 177526 2026-06-30T13:58:51Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */ fixed typo 177527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']].{{Databox}} [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe tawa alaa bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde. Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maaydy E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e Kubler-Ross, Ko fayti e maayde e maayde 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli e jaɓde (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == == Himobe == oh4jayquacxy0ij0c6jlerbq5q51mj1 177531 177527 2026-06-30T14:33:51Z Adamu mc 10501 177531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']]. [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe tawa alaa bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde. Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maaydy E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e Kubler-Ross, Ko fayti e maayde e maayde 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli e jaɓde (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == == Himobe == cf136ee5g2tdtiki0urddv11v0rr9t4 177532 177531 2026-06-30T14:35:00Z Adamu mc 10501 177532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']]. [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] Tuugnorgal ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe tawa alaa bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde. Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maaydy E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e Kubler-Ross, Ko fayti e maayde e maayde 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli e jaɓde (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == == Himobe == f1pirhydoqjqnrb0qsny3br1jj2jnaw 177533 177532 2026-06-30T14:35:53Z Adamu mc 10501 177533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']]. [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] ====Tuugnorgal==== ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe tawa alaa bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde. Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maaydy E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e Kubler-Ross, Ko fayti e maayde e maayde 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli e jaɓde (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == == Himobe == 81betyykd04rb5e8y03iv0hoh1hiz8g 177534 177533 2026-06-30T14:36:32Z Adamu mc 10501 Edit 177534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']]. [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe tawa alaa bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde. Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maaydy E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e Kubler-Ross, Ko fayti e maayde e maayde 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli e jaɓde (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == == Himobe == ce2bvpxiabk44seoiaf8rg0rlzts0n1 177535 177534 2026-06-30T14:37:31Z Adamu mc 10501 177535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wawru''' Fedde, ko fuɗɗoode, firti ko iwdi humpito walla humpito, woni ɗo humpito ngoo heɓaa . fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore goonga daartol walla toɓɓere. iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no deftere, jaaynde, walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. e nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol bibliografi e hoore mum). ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee non-publications, woni sifaa mikroo-rti'''Fuɗɗoode,''' firti ko iwdi [[Bayajidda|humpito]] walla [[Labarin kasa na Singapore|humpito]], woni ɗo humpito ngoo [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|heɓaa]] . Fuɗɗoode ko winndannde hollitoore [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]] daartol walla toɓɓere. Iwdiiji ina mbaɗee e binndol ko wayi no [[Littafi|deftere]], [[Jarida|jaaynde]], walla winndannde ngam hollitde janngoowo oo wonde ko haalaa koo ko goonga walla alaa. E nder haala hee, jillondiral binndol e nder ɓanndu e binndol deftere ndee ko ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe cikkata ko ciimtol (so wonaa naatgol ''bibliografi'' e hoore mum). Ciimtol konngol gootol, baawngol janngeede e binndanɗe ganndal elektoronik, ina wiyee ''non-publications'', woni sifaa ''mikroo-'' woni ko anndiraa koo haala, ko woni ko nanngiraa. Ko woni ko holli ko woni [[Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu|goonga]]. Ɗuum woni ko ɓe ɓesdi e Deftere ɗe ɓe mbiyi, bana defte, nder nder nder nder goomu, nder nder gooma, nder nder toɓɓe, ngam ɓe mbelti ko ɓe mbiyi. Ko ɓuri heewde e nder ɗemngal ngal, ko ɗum waɗi yimɓe heewɓe ina ndaara ɗum (ko ɗum woni ko ɓe mbiyi e nder defte maɓɓe). Ɗe defte ɗe haala gootol, ɗe waawi janngude nder ɗemɗe anndal jaayndeeji e nder ordinateeri ina nodda ''non publications'', wonande feere-feere [[:en:Microattribution|''microattribution'']]. [[File:Webcomic_xkcd_-_Wikipedian_protester_-_English.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|xkcd webcomic tiitoonde mum ko "Seppooji Wikipedia". Maande ndee ina winndaa heen: "[ '''KONNGOL HAANI''' ]".]] ====Tunorngal==== ina waɗi faayiidaaji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi : ngam tabitinde laaɓal jaŋde (walla ngam haɗde fenaande), jogaade golle e miijooji asliiji e iwdiiji koolniiɗi, ngam newnude janngoowo oo ñaawde e hoore mum so tawii iwdiiji cifaaɗi ɗii ina mballita e miijo binnduɗo oo e nder rewindaade methodological the helpa the claim of, kuutoragol binnduɗo oo e huunde ndee. Fuɗɗoode cifaaɗe ɗee ina keewi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e gootal e njuɓɓudi ciimtol jaɓaandi, ko wayi no Oxford, Harvard, MLA, ''[[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] (ASA), Fedde Ameriknaare Hakkillaaji (APA),'' e njuɓɓudi ciimtol goɗɗi, sibu nanondiral maɓɓe kuuɓtidinngal ina anndaa, ina weeɓi firteede e janngooɓe. Kala heen ciimtol ina jogii nafoore mum e caɗeele mum. Editoruuji ina keewi hollirde system mo ɓe kuutortoo. Gunndo, e doggol tuugnorgal goɗngol nanndungol e maggol, heewi wonde ko ciimtol sabu ngol timminaani maanaa goonga e konngol ngol : ngol jaɓataa e anniya walla ngol humpitaa e binndooɓe woɗɓe ko fayti e ɓurondiral miijo neɗɗo. == Nummol == E nder bibliografi daartol, deftere, winndannde, lowre internet, walla geɗe goɗɗe bayyinaaɗe ina poti ƴeewteede no moƴƴi ngam anndude ko woni heen koo. Paandaale ceertuɗe ina kuutoree e ciimtol ganndal, ciimtol sariya, naalankaagal gadanal, naalankaagal, e neɗɗankaagal. == Ko woni ha ton == A Geɗe cifaaɗe ɗee ina mbaawi seertude fawaade e sifaa ƴoogirde, ina mbaawi kadi wonde : * ''Deftere:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde deftere ndee, nokku ɗo nde yalti, bayyinoowo, ñalngu nde nde yalti, e limoore hello (so ina woodi). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde ndee, tiitoonde jaaynde ndee, ñalngu yaltugol mum, e limoore hello(ji). * ''Jaaynde:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde daartol, innde jaaynde, tiitoonde taƴre e limoore hello tiitoonde (so ina woodi) e, ñalngu bayyinaango. * ''Hello web:'' winndiyanke(ɓe), tiitoonde winndannde e bayyinaango ɗo waawi wonde fof, kam e [[:en:Uniform_Resource_Locator|URL]], e ñalngu ngu hello ngoo yaltinaa. * ''Pijirlooji:'' limtude diidi e rokkude feccere, dingiral, e limoore diidi, wonaa ɗiɗaɓo seerndi ɗum e toɓɓere: 4.452 ina hollira dingiral 4, dingiral 452. Yeru, "E nder Eugene Onegin, Onegin ƴetti Tanya nde o woppitaa ngam wonde makko, ko ndeen tan o felliti yiɗde ɗum nde o woni marriP45kin"-45. * ''Yimre :'' Ɗum huutortee ko ngam hollirde diidi yimre ceertuɗi, tawa kadi ko limre (limre) diidi ɗii heewi waɗde heen. Yeru: "Sabu miɗo foti yiɗde sabu miɗo wuuri."&nbsp;/ Kadi nguurndam e nder am ko ko ndokku-ɗaa." (Brennan, diidi 15-16). * ''Yeewtere :'' innde yeewtanoowo, yeewtanaaɗo (ko adii ɗuum ko yeewtere keeriinde) e ñalngu yeewtere ndee. === Haa teeŋti e wiɗtooɓe === Yanti e kabaruuji ko wayi no winndooɓe, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle, limtooji ɗii ina mbaawi waɗde heen anndinooje keertiiɗe tuugiiɗe e sifaa golle kaaleteeɗe ɗee. * Limooje defte ina mbaawi wonde Limoore Deftere Adunaare (ISBN). Ɗum woni ( [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|Limoore Deftere Standard Adunaare]] ). * Toɓɓe keertiiɗe, binndanɗe, walla geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe anndeede e nder sahaa ina mbaawi jogaade [[:en:Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier|limre limre e darnde]] (SICI) e [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|limre limre winndereere]] (ISSN). * Binndanɗe elektoronik ina njogii [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|anndinoore huunde dijital]], anndiraande kadi (DOI). * Binndanɗe wiɗtooji safaara nguurndam ina mbaawi jogaade anndinde PubMed ( [[:en:PMID|PMID]] ). == Suudu == E nder haala hee, ina waɗi sifaaji ɗiɗi ciimtol, ko wayi no mbaydi Vancouver e mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu ƴeewndotooɗo ganndal]] (CSE) ina waɗi kadi ''mbaydi ciimtol ƴeewtotooɗo'' . === Siistem Vanco === Siistem Vanco ko huutoraade limooje laaɓtuɗe e nder binndol, walla jillondiral ɗiɗo fof. Limooje ɗee ina kollita maa wonii teskuyaaji (teskorɗe e joofnirde hello ngoo) walla teskuyaaji joofnirɗe (teskorɗe e hello ngoo e joofnirde ɓataake oo) baɗooji humpitooji laaɓtuɗi. Siistem footnote ina waawi ɗaɓɓude walla waasde ɗaɓɓude binndanɗe timmuɗe, fawaade e so tawii binnduɗo oo huutoriima note timmuɗe walla note juutɗe Yeru, ɓataake kuutortooɗo mbaadi ƴettugol binndanɗe tawa alaa bibliografi timmuɗo ina waawi nanndude e Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, yeeyde, sunaare, e jaɓde. Haala ka woni les hello ngoo (binndol ustude) walla e joofnirde winndannde ndee (joofnirde binndol) maa nanndu e nii Elisabet Kubler-Ross, ''Ko fayti e maayde e maaydy E nder ɓataake jogiiɗo bibliografi timmuɗo, winndannde juutnde ina waawi nanndude e Kubler-Ross, Ko fayti e maayde e maayde 45-60. Naatgol deftere ndee, ɗaɓɓaande e binndol juutngol, maa wayno nii Kubler-Ross, Elisabet. ''On Maayde e Maayde Makmilan, hitaande 1969. E nder tagoore aadee, winndooɓe heewɓe ina kuutoroo nate walla humpitooji teeŋtuɗi ngam rokkude daartol ngol ko juuti. Ko noon kadi, ko nanndi e teskuyaaji ɗii, ko huunde ɓeydaande, walla miijooji ngam ɓeydaade janngude. === Ɓataake jibinannde === Citation parenthetique, anndiraande kadi citation Harvard, ko citation timmuɗo walla feccere, nder binndol, gonɗo e nder parenthese, tawa ina waɗee e nder parenthese. Daawe joy mette ɗee ko yeddude, tikkere, barke, kulhuli e jaɓde (Köbler-Ross, 1969, h. 45-60). E fawaade e mbaadi cuɓaandi, tuugnorgal kelme kuutorteeɗe ina waawi ɗaɓɓude taƴre sakkitiinde. Paɗe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi doggol tuugnorgal, tawa ina waɗi tuugnorgal timmungal, e nder feccere sakkitiinde, nde binnduɗo oo yuɓɓini alkule. Ndee feccere ina heewi wiyeede "Tuutorɗe", Bibliografi", "Golle cifaaɗe" walla "Yiylotooɗe tuugnorgal Citaaji nder binndi ngam binndanɗe internet ina mbaawi seertude, ina keewi kadi firtude. Detaayuuji timmuɗi e huunde ndee ina mbaawi hollireede tan ko nde janngoowo oo yiɗi, e mbaadi kuutorgal. Ngolɗoo laawol ina weeɓina ciimtol, ina moƴƴina humpito janngoowo. === Siistem noddirde innde === Alkule mawɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗee e joofnirde binndol ngol, hono no doggol inɗe nii, kono ciimtol ngol ina limtee fawaade e doggol golle cifaaɗe e joofnirde ɓataake walla deftere ndee ; ndee doggol ina heewi yuɓɓineede e alkule binndol. == Gikku == Statistical style ina waawi senndeede e nder styles ɓurɗi moƴƴude e humanities, hay so tawii won ko nanndi heen. Won e binndanɗe mbaydi, ko wayi no [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Manual of Style]], ina ɓuuɓna, ina njuɓɓina mbaydi haaldude e binndol fof. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no styles [[:en:MLA_style_manual|MLA]] e [[:en:APA_style|APA]], ina cifa sifaaji nder style gooto. Ɗii ina mbaawi wiyeede sifaaji njuɓɓudi e sifaaji citation. Ardorde style ceertunde ina hollita kadi mbaadi yeewtere, yeru, ñalngu bayyinaango, tiitoonde, e limooje kelle jokkondirɗe e innde binnduɗo oo, e kuutoragol maandeeji, alkule mawɗe, ciimtol, maandeeji limtooji ekn, haa teeŋti noon wonande style. Juɓɓule keewɗe ƴettii styles ngam waawde huutoraade haajuuji mum en ; ko ɗum waɗi, ardotooɓe ina keewi. Bayyinooɓe ɓee fof ina njogii heen geɗe mum en, won heen golle ina juuti haa ina njogii laabi ciimtol mum en : [[:en:Stephanus_pagination|Stephanus pagination]] walla [[:en:Plato|Platon]] ; [[:en:Bekker_numbers|Limlebbi Bekker]] walla [[:en:Aristotle|Aristote]] ; naatnude Biibal e deftere, e tonngoode e aaye; walla [[:en:Shakespeare|Sekseer]] e pijirlooji. [[:en:Citation_Style_Language|Ɗemngal Citation Style]] (CSL) ko ɗemngal XML udditiingal ngam siftinde mbaydi no ciimtol binndanɗe daartol e iwdiiji. === Neɗɗaŋke === * [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Deftere mbaydi Chicago]] (CMOS) ƴettaa, laabi mum ko ''Deftere mbaydi Chicago'' . Ina huutoree no feewi e daartol e faggudu kam e won e gannde renndo. Sifaa Turabiyanke jokkondirɗo oo—mo o ummii e mum—ko ngam ƴeewndorɗe almudɓe, kadi ina seerti e CMOS e woppude maandeeji gonɗi e doggol ƴeewndorɗe, e teeŋtinde jokkondire doosɗe. * Siistem Columbia oo ko Janice R. Walker e Todd Taylor mbaɗi ɗum ngam rokkude humpitooji laaɓtuɗi e ciimtol kaɓirɗe internet. Siistem Columbia ina rokka geɗe neɗɗaŋke e ganndal fof. * ''Sifaa: Sifaa Fuɗɗoode Taariindi gila e Kuutorɗe Taariindi haa e Web'' mo Elizabeth Shown Mills winndi ina waɗi ƴoogirɗe mawɗe ɗe ngalaa e CMOS, ko wayi no binnditagol, ñaawirdu, leydi, laamu, njulaagu, e binndanɗe eklesiya. Ina heen iwdiiji e mbaadi elektoronik. Ko daartooɓe e daartiyankooɓe kuutortoo ɗum. * Citation Harvard (walla system ñalngu) ko sifaa keeriiɗo citation gonɗo e nder jokkorgal. Ko ɗum heewi huutoreede ko e [[:en:BSI_Group|Duɗal Standards Biritaan]] e [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Fedde Ɗemɗe Jamɗe]] ngam wasiyaade ciimtol gonngol e nder jokkorgal. Ciimtol Harvard ina waɗi ñalngu juutngu, yeru, "(Smith, 2000)", waɗaaɗo caggal binndol ciimtol ngol e ciimtol timmungol limtaangol e joofnirde winndannde ndee. * [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|MLA style]] ko [[:en:Modern_Language_Association|Modern Language Association]] ƴettiti ɗum, ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko e naalankaagal e neɗɗankaagal, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde Engele, jaŋde binndol goɗɗe, ina heen binndol nannditinngol e binndol ñiŋooje e ɗemngal Engele ("ɗemɗe janane"), e won e jaŋdeeji ɗi ngonaa fijirde, ko wayi no jaŋde pinal, dingiral e teleeji . Ndeeɗoo sifaa e mbaadi ciimtol huutortoo ko ciimtol binndol tawa ina waɗi hello binndol (Smith 395) walla hello [juutngo] (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42). E nder ndee ɗoo golle, ciimtol binnduɗo oo ina tawee e binndol ngol. ''[[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|Deftere mbaydi MLA]]'' ina limta binndol ngol e nder feccere " ''[[:en:The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers|Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto]]'' " to joofnirde [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format|mbaadi Citation e bibliography]] . {{Efn|The field of [[Communication]] (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [[Modern Language Association|MLA]] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[[APA style|The Publication Manual of the APA]]'' ([[American Psychological Association]]); designated for short as "[[APA style]]".}} e teskuyaaji (teskuyaaji walla humpitooji ɓeydooji). ''Deftere MLA ngam winndooɓe binndanɗe wiɗto'', haa teeŋti e mbaadi Citation e Bibliography * [[:en:MHRA_Style_Guide|MHRA Style Guide]] ko [[:en:Modern_Humanities_Research_Association|Fedde Wiɗtooji Neɗɗaŋke Jamanuuji]] (MHRA) yaltini, ɓuri huutoreede ko e ñeeñal e neɗɗankaagal. Ina soodee e nder [[Biritaani-Mawndi|leydi Angalteer]] e [[Amerik|leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik]] . Ina nanndi e [[:en:The_MLA_Style_Manual|style MLA]], kono ina waɗi heen ko seerndi ɗum. Yeru, mbaadi MHRA ina huutoroo mbaadi citation rokkata humpitooji laaɓtuɗi tawa ina rokka bibliografi. Won e janngooɓe ina njiytoo heen nafoore wonde ciimtol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi humpitooji laaɓtuɗi, tawa wonaa humpitooji juutɗi, ɗum noon ɓe ngalaa haaju e janngude daartol so ɓe njanngii humpitooji goɗɗi bayyinaaɗi. E won e fannuuji humanities, footnotes ina kuutoree tan ngam tuugnaade, kadi ina reena ngam footnotes jooni jooni (facciro walla hollirde). E nder ɗeen ɗoon geɗe, helmere "footnote" ndee ina huutoree no feewi e "reference", tee winndooɓe e winndooɓe ina poti waɗde heen hakkille no feewi ngam humpitaade no winndooɓe ɓee kuutortoo helmere ndee. * [[:en:Bluebook|Bluebook]] ko mbaydi citation aadaaji kuutorteendi e binndol jaŋde Amerik, e ñaawirɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo Bluebook (walla mbaydi nanndundi e mum ummoriindi e mum). Hannde, binndanɗe sariya janngirɗe ina njogii sahaa kala tuugnorgal, kono mojobere nde ñaawirɗe e miijooji ñaawirɗe ina kuutoroo e aadaaji ciimtol (citations) nder laylaytol (in-line citations), woni konnguɗi walla tonngooɗe ceertuɗe. Kabaaru gonɗo e nder laylaytol ina addana janngooɓe ɓee waawde yaawde anndude mbaawka lowre ndee, yeru, ñaawirde nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa e hitaande nde kuulal ngal ƴettaa. * Nokku ciimtol sariya huutorteeɗo ko famɗi fof e nder winndere ndee e nder Kanadaa tuugii ko e ''doggol ciimtol sariyaaji marsandiis'' (AKA ''[[:en:McGill_Guide|the McGill Guide]]'' ), ngol ''McGill Law Journal'' yaltini. * Ko ɓuri heewde e sifaaji ciimtol sariya Biritaan ko ''[[:en:Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities|mbaydi ciimtol Oxford ngam ciimtol laamuuji sariya]]'' (OSCOLA). === Kiimiyya, hiisa, injiniyaaruuji, fisik, e safaara === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Chemical_Society|Fedde Kemikal Amerik]], walla [[:en:ACS_style|sifaa ACS]], ina heewi huutoreede e nder kemikal e won e gannde fisik. E mbaadi ACS, tuugnorgal ina limtee e nder binndol ngol kadi tuugnorgal ina limtee, limooje ina njuutee e binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder mbaydi [[:en:American_Institute_of_Physics|Duɗal Fisik Amerik]] (style AIP), tuugnorgal ina limtee kadi e nder binndol ngol e nder bibliografi, tawa limooje ɗee ina limtee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * Sifaa mo [[:en:American_Mathematical_Society|Fedde Hiisiwal Amerik]] (AMS) ƴetti, walla AMS-styles, ko wayi no [[:en:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]], huutortee ko e kuutorgal [[:en:BibTeX|BibTeX]] e mbaadi [[:en:LaTeX|LaTeX]] . Ina naatnee e hitaande adannde e hitaande bayyinaango e nder binndol ngol e ciimtol gadanol ngol. Citaaji gaadoraaɗi ɗii limtaama e nder njuɓɓudi toɗɗagol alkule, yeru [AB90]. Ooɗoo sifaa ina wiyee " ''Semmbe binndol.'' " * [[:en:Vancouver_system|Siistem Vancouver]], mo [[:en:Council_of_Science_Editors|Goomu toppitiingu ganndal]] (CSE) wasiyii, ina huutoree e binndanɗe e wiɗtooji safaara e ganndal. ** E nder feere mawnde, huutorteende e fedde wiyeteende Fedde Ameriknaare Innjiniyankooɓe Masiŋaaji (ASME), limooje citation ɗee ina mbaɗee e nder binndol ngol e nder jokkorgal (paranteses) wonaa e nder binndol mawngol ngol. Denndaangal kabaruuji bibliografi ina tawee e doggol tuugnorgal to joofnirde winndannde ndee, sara limoore citation. ** Ko Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu winndooɓe jaayndeeji safaara (ICMJE) woni binnduɗo ooɗoo sifaa, ummoriiɗo e batu winndooɓe jaayndeeji Vancouver e hitaande 1978. Dataaji [[:en:MEDLINE|MEDLINE]] / [[:en:PubMed|PubMed]] ina kuutoroo ngool laawol, e [[:en:National_Library_of_Medicine|defterdu ngenndiiru safaara]] ina rokka "Goomu winndereewu toppitiingu ƴeewndorɗe safaara (ICMJE) [[:en:Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals|sarɗiiji gooti ngam binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe jolnaaɗe e jaayɗe safaara nguurndam]] - Templates samples". * Sifaa AMA. * [[:en:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Duɗal Innjiilaaji Elektrik e Elektoronik]] (IEEE) style, walla [[:en:IEEE_style|style IEEE]], ina waɗi limooje citation e nder limlebbi karte e limooje jokkondirɗe, tawa limooje ina njuɓɓinee e nder binndol ngol no haanirta nii. * E nder fannuuji biyoloji gonɗi e les [[:en:ICNafp|ICNafp]] (mo e hoore mum huutortoo ngalɗoo mbaadi citation e nder mum), sifaa ceertuɗo e tiitoonde winndiyaŋke oo ko laawol gadanol kuutorteengol so citation e sahaaji ina cifaa e timmude (e.g. e nder wasiyaaji ko faati e limoore bayyinaande e nder ''[[:en:Taxon_(journal)|Taxon]]'' ), e golle ɗe limtaaka e nder binndi ɗi ngonaa. Tiitoondeeji ina kuutoroo ''limtooji'' gonɗi caggal ''Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum'' ngam golle jooni ɗee e ''Defte'' ''Tagsonomi'' ''2'' (caggal mum [[:en:IPNI|IPNI]] ) ngam defte. * Sifaa noddaango Pechenik ko sifaa sifotooɗo e nder ''Deftere juutnde e binndol ko fayti e Biyoloji'', 6e ed. (2007), ko Jan A. Pechenik winndi. * E hitaande 1955, Eugene Garfield yaltinii [[:en:Citation_index|mbaydi binndol ganndal]], ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam [[:en:Scientific_publishing|binndanɗe ganndal]] . === Gannde renndo === * Sifaa [[:en:American_Psychological_Association|Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], walla [[:en:APA_style|sifaa APA]], bayyinaango e [[:en:Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association|deftere bayyinaango Fedde Hakkillaaji Amerik]], ina heewi huutoreede e [[:en:Social_sciences|gannde renndo]] . Sifaa citation APA ina nanndi e [[:en:Harvard_referencing|Harvard referencing]], limtude innde binnduɗo oo e hitaande bayyinaango mum, hay so tawii noon ɗeen ina mbaawi ƴettude mbaadiiji ɗiɗi : ''citation innde,'' ɗo inɗe binnduɗo oo peeñata e binndol ngol e hitaande bayyinaango ndee feeñata e nder jokkorgal, e ''citation ñalngu binnduɗo'' oo e app lamear bo ''jokkorgal'' . E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi kala, ciimtol nder binndol ina firta doggol alkule gonɗe e joofnirde ɓataake oo e nder feccere References. * [[:en:American_Political_Science_Association|Fedde ganndal politik Amerik]] ina yaltina winndannde politik e style guide ngam binndanɗe e nder ndeeɗoo fannu. Sifaa oo ina ɓadii CMOS. * [[:en:American_Anthropological_Association|Fedde Anturopoloji Amerik]] huutoriima mbaydi kesiri ndi [[:en:The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style|Chicago Style]] holliri e nder Guide to Publication Style. * [[:en:ASA_style|Sifaa ASA]] mo [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|Fedde Sosiyoloji Amerik]] ina jeyaa e sifaaji ɓurɗi huutoreede e binndol sosiyoloji . == Tiitooɗe == E nder wiɗto maɓɓe ciimtol e nder jaayɗe janngirɗe e fannu jokkondiral, Michael Bugeja e Daniela V. Dimitrova njiyti wonde ciimtol e nder lowre internet ina waawi ustaade no feewi (hono no kelle cifaaɗe ɗee njiytirtee nii), ko ɗum ɓe mbiyata "feccere nguurndam", ko ɗum waɗi humpitooji e nder ɗeen jaayndeeji ina pamɗi faamde e nder sahaa. Annduɓe woɗɓe njiyti wonde binndanɗe bayyinaaɗe ɗee ngalaa ciimtol no binndi asliiji ɗii nii. Haala goɗka teeŋtuka ko majjere citation, nde heewi arde ko e ŋakkeende hakkille to bannge wiɗtoowo walla to bannge bayyinoowo jaaynde e nder golle bayyinaango. Annduɓe ɓee njiytii wonde reentaade ko yaawi, ko wayi no jokkondirde e binnduɗo lowre cifaande ndee ko fayti e ciimtol laaɓtungol, ina usta ŋakkeende ciimtol, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda moƴƴere wiɗto ngoo. Wiɗtooji kollitii wonde batte kaayitaaji ina mbaawi, e nder heen, saabaade geɗe gonɗe dow ɗee, wonaa tan e nafoore jaŋde kaayitaaji ɗii. Geɗe keertiiɗe e fannuuji ina keewi limteede e nder miijo wonaa tan so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji ceertuɗi, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, so en ƴeewtindiima fannuuji wiɗtooji ceertuɗi e nder fannu gooto. Yeru, e nder safaara, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, limoore winndooɓe, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi binndanɗe, e woodgol mawɗo e nder tiitoonde ina mbaawi battinde e batte mum ; so tawii noon e nder ganndal hakkille, limoore tuugnorgal, njuuteendi ɓataake, e njuuteendi tiitoonde ina njeyaa e ko addani ɗum. ''Famde'' wonde citation ko metrik caɗtuɗo kono ko huunde himmunde wonande annduɓe. Ɓe kollitii laabi joy ngam moƴƴinde limgol ciimtol ngol : (1) ƴeewde njuuteendi tiitoonde e binndol ; (2) hollirde njeñtudi ko yaawi ko wayi no naatgol ; (3) reenaade siftinde leydi e nder tiitoonde, ɓanndu, walla nate ; (4) jokkondirde winndannde ndee e humpitooji ballitooji e nder bibliografi ; e (5) reenaade bonnuɓe e tiitoonde binndanɗe wiɗto ɗee. Ina anndaa kadi wonde jikkuuji winndooɓe e gollotooɓe jaayndeeji ina toɗɗii. Ngolɗoo jikku. ina wiyee citation effect, ina wiyee kadi ina jeyaa heen hay jaayɗe mawɗe. Haa teeŋti noon, jaayɗe mawɗe cafrirɗe, ko wayi no, ''The Lancet'', ''JAMA,'' e, ''The New England Journal of Medicine'', ina cikka ina njokkondiri e ngalɗoo jikku, sibu fotde 30% e ciimtol ngol e nder ɗeen jaayɗe ko yeeynorɗe miijooji peeñnini ɗum en. To bannge goɗɗo oo, feere citation bias ina ɓeydoo. Ina siforee no pelle winndooɓe cifotooɗe ko ɓuri laaɓtude e pelle winndooɓe goɗɗe gollotooɗe e huunde wootere. == Ƴeew kadi == * [[Acknowledgment (creative arts)|Jaɓɓaade (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Bible citation|Biibal ngal]] * [[Case citation|Ciimtol ñaawoore]] * [[Citation analysis|Ƴeewndo ciimtol]] * [[Citation creator|Tagɗo citation]] * [[Citation signal|Signal ciimtol]] * [[Citationality|Sitaasiyoŋ]] * [[Coercive citation|Citation doole]] * [[Credit (creative arts)|Credit (naalankaagal tago)]] * [[Cross-reference|Tuugnorgal]] * [[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment|Bayyinaango San Francisco ko faati e ƴeewndo wiɗto]] * [[Scholarly method|Laawol ganndal]] * [[Source evaluation|Ƴeewndo iwdi]] * [[Style guide|Ardorde style]] == Teskorɗe == == Himobe == rmq7xjc1izb1xn7vs93x0bxtda8wxbe 0 42847 177530 2026-06-30T14:03:15Z Bin Hassaini 14172 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/789240|Goro]]" 177530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Cola_nut.jpg|thumb|Walnut daneejo e boɗeejo]] [[File:Cola_acuminata_-_African_kola_nut_seeds,_with_twigs.jpg|thumb|Walnutuuji sappo ina peccee, no mbaɗirtee e ñalawma innde walla mawningol nii.]] [[File:Kolanuts.jpeg|thumb|Walnut daneejo]] [[Fayil:Kolanut_in_Traffic.jpg|thumb| Hol ko woni luumo nut?]] [[File:Cola_acuminata_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-190.jpg|thumb|pinte]] '''Goro''' ko innde lekki tokoosi juutki daartol e batte. Nafoore maggal e nder nguurndam renndooji ceertuɗi e nder winndere ndee, haa teeŋti noon e nder Afrik, ina jeyaa kadi e kuutoragol maggal no nguura, safaara, maande teddungal hoɓɓe, kuutoragol aada, feere dañde kaalis e ko nanndi heen. Jokkondiral hakkunde goro e cellal ko huunde nde renndo ngoo foti yeewtude. Kono, hay so tawii goro ina bonna cellal aadee no heewi haaleede nii, wiɗtooji ganndal kollitii wonde, “nafoore goro e cellal aadee ɓuri bonnude ɗum”, . ugwu e tawagarsa (2020). ko ɗum ɓuuɓnoowo hunduko, semmbinoowo, ɓuuɓnoowo heege e ŋoŋɗi, ɓuuɓnoowo ɓanndu, ina waɗi geɗe safaara e geɗe goɗɗe nafooje (lovejoy, 1980). lekki peewnirki njuumri ndii ina wiyee e ganndal cola nitida walla cola acuminate, ndi jeyaa ko e afrik (lovejoy, (1980) gestrich e tawagarsa, 2021;) asogwa e tawagarsa, 2011). peewnugol hitaande kala ko ina tolnoo e 300 000 ton (gestrich e tawagarsa, 2021; ugwu e tawagarsa, 2020; alaribe, ejezie e ezedinachi, 2003; asogwa e tawagarsa, 2011). [1] Muurtere ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e geɗe njulaagu e nder teeminanɗe e nder njulaagu jeereende Afrik worgo (Lovejoy, 1980). == Tariya == [[File:Owoce_Orzech_kola.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe Walnuts]] Ɗum sellaani e ganndal. Kono tan, wiɗtooji arkewolosi baɗaaɗi ko ɓooyaani to Togu Missiri sara Ségou e nder leydi ndii Mali, tabitinii wonde ina woodi pecce lekki njuumri ganndiraaɗi ganndal Cola cf Nitida, ko ɗum hollirta woodde goron, e doggol geɗe peewnaaɗe. fedde maɓɓe gila e teeminannde sappo e go’aɓere haa e teeminannde sappo e nayaɓere e nder yonta njulaagu Hamada no ciimtol Gestrich e ekipaaji mum, (2021). Lovejoy (1980) wiyi : « Goro, haa teeŋti e Cola nitida, ko… ko huunde himmunde e njulaagu Afrik e nder teeminanɗe gone...". Ko ɗum tabitini juutgol nguurndam ndee lekki e aduna. ( E raɓɓiɗinaade, Walnut ina waɗi ko ina ɓura duuɓi ujunnaaje. == Fuɗɗam == Annduɓe ina heen Lovejoy, (1980); Gestrich e fedde mum, (2021); Asogwa e... Kippu makko, (2011) e woɗɓe, fof ina kawri wonde Goro ko Afrik hirnaange. == Inde == Goro, ina jogii inɗe e inɗe goonga ceertuɗe fawaade e ɗemngal walla... baabal. Innde maggal ɓurnde waawde huutoreede e ɗemngal Hausa ko goro, e ɗemngal Engele Kola nut walla Kolanut, e ɗemngal yoruba obi, e ɗemgal igbo kadi oji e e ɗemngal ganndal Won e mbaydiiji ɓurɗi lollude ina wiyee kola nitida, kola akuminata, kola vertisilla e kola anomala. == Irin == Annduɓe mbiyi wonde walnut ina jogii ko ina tolnoo e 140 sifaa. aduna (Dadzie e ekipaaji mum (2013), hollitii wonde capanɗe joyi e maɓɓe fof ina ngondi e... Afrik (Dadzie e fedde mum, 2013). Muuñal tati haa nayi ummoraade e... ha nder; no wiyraa e Lovejoy (1980) nii, ina heen C. nitida, C. acuminata, . Ko C. verticillata e C. anomala ɓuri lollude e nafoore njulaagu e nder Afrik. == Kemikal == Lovejoy (1980), toɗɗiima ɗeeɗoo kemikaaji ko... Kosam ɗam nuts ina waɗi. 1. Kafeyin : ina gollina e ɓalndu hakkundeejo. 2. Teobromin : ina semmbina ɓalndu. 3. Kolaajen : Ina gollira e ɓernde. 4. Suukara : ina rokka ɓanndu nduu fof semmbe. == Keeɓal == Tuugnaade e ɗeen geɗe nay teeŋtuɗe cifaaɗe e... Dow ɗoo, maa en njiy wonde walnut ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e nguurndam aadee. Annduɓe heewɓe paamtinii nafooje keewɗe ɗe njuumri jogii, e wiyde... paamgol. Sprague (2018) wiyi : « E nder Afrik, ko njuumri huutortenoo ko kaalis, . kewuuji diine, walla timmal jokkondiral (hono dewgal e... ekn)" no yaltinaa e lowre duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni Amerik. Ugwu e ekipaaji mum (2020), wiyɓe : « ina foti tiiɗtineede Nafoore ñaamde njuumri, wonde nafoore e safrude ñawuuji e... So ɗe ummiima, kaalis keewɗo ina yoɓee ngam safrude ɗe rewrude e "Ƴettu lekki maa no woorunoo." Kenan, tuugnaade e ngol konngol, maa en... Ina faamni wonde ñaamde njuumri ina haɗa won e ñawuuji saabaade. Ko ɗeeɗoo ñawuuji seeɗa ɗi njuumri safrata : 1. Safaara ñawu hoore. 2. Safaara ɓuuɓri nanɗe. 3. Ɓeydude doole jokkere enɗam. 4. Ɓeydude ɓuuɓri e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam. 5. Safaara ɓuuɓri. 6. Ɓeydude njuumri : Ñaamde njuumri gootol hakkundeejo ina foti e yarde kafe. Tato e kafeeji Amerik ɓurɗi tiiɗde (kafe string). 7. Ina wallita e ɓuuɓri. 8. Ina wallita cirƴam ƴiiƴam. 9. Ustugol safaara bakteriiji bonɗi. 10. Ustugol baasal kanseer mboros == Illa == Nafooje keewɗe ɗe ñaamde njuumri addanta, alaa ko bonnata ɗum. Ugwu e ekipaaji mum (2020), kollitii : « nafooje keewɗe teskaama e ko yowitii e... ñaamde njuumri, hay so tawii ko batte jowitiiɗe e waɗde ɗum so ñaamaama haa ɓurti, e... dow dumunna juutɗo". Maanaa, ƴettude dumunna juutɗo (duuɓi) to Ñaamde njuumri ina addana cellal aadee caɗeele. E nder wiɗto Alaribe e Ejezie e Ezedinachi (2003) kawri, yuɓɓinaama, ɓe kollitii wonde ñaamde njuumri ɓurtundi ina ɓeyda baasal kanseer paawngal e miijaade maale paawngal Ko cfuum wacfi, so necfcfo nyaamcfo njuumri nyaamii seecfa e ñalawma, njuumri ndii ina safra mo, so o joginoo ndi ko 6uu6ol, ndeen Ñalnde heen e yeeso, huɗo ngoo wonta ƴattooje e makko. == Kugal == Maasaŋ, ko huunde ɓooynde jeyaande e geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude e njulaagu Yimɓe Hawsa to diiwaan maayo Volta, woni hannde to Ganaa, ko gooto e nder njulaagu ɓurngu mawnude e Afrik hirnaange. Yiɗde weltaare (1980), wiyi : ko ɓuri teemedde jeenay ujunere kilomeeteer haa Asante ngam yeeyde marsandiis mum en e nokku gooto e lekki njuumri". Haa hannde (2021), ko... nuts gila Naajeeriya haa lesɗe Asii, [[Osterliya|Ostarali]], Ameerika cakaare (Amerik Cakaare), Amerik Fuɗnaange (Amerik Fombina), Amerik Worgo (Fuɗnaange). Amerik), Orop fuɗnaange, Orop hirnaange Orop) Afrik hakkundeejo, Afrik worgo, e nokkuuji goɗɗi e winndere ndee. Won luumooji e nder wuro Kano to leydi Najeriya ɗi... Ko njulaagu nut tan waɗata e majji. Luumo Ujile e Luumo Mariri ko... exclusive e yeeyde ndeeɗoo seŋorde. Yanti heen, fotde fof Lugge Kano ina keewi jogaade jolɗe yeeyooɓe ooɗoo geɗel. == Hiisoowo == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wuumre]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] k1ww4l7ikg91uh9sh97w4jdi7ay21hc 0 42848 177536 2026-06-30T15:10:22Z Bin Hassaini 14172 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/747792|Adam Saleh]]" 177536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Adam_Saleh_Cosmopolite_(213351).jpg|thumb|Adam Saleh ko fijoowo e Youtube, ko o jibinannde New York.]] '''Adam Muhsin Yehya Saleh''' (ادم محسن يحيى صالح /s æ l ə / SAL -ə . jibinaa ko ñalnde 4 lewru juko hitaande 1993) ko [[Amerik|Ameriknaajo]] [[YouTube|mo]] iwdi [[Yaman|Yemen]], jooɗiiɗo to [[𞤚𞤵𞤬𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤪𞤳|wuro New York]] . == Nguurndam gadano == [[File:2013_07_24_SRSG_Kay_President_Iftar_006_(9370700574).jpg|thumb|Aadama Saleh e batu nguu]] Adam Saleh jibinaa ko to Brooklyn, wuro New York, jibnaaɓe mum ko Yemen. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Manhattan to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e hiisawal fotde duuɓi tati, kono o artiraa duɗal Al-Madinah caggal nde o riiwaa sabu o fiyi ordinateer mawɗo duɗal makko ngam yoɓde haala njiyaagu yumma makko. Faandaare makko timmunde ko wonde awokaa. [1] [2] == Golle Youtube == === GoongaHaalaASA === O fuɗɗii waɗde wideyooji Youtube ko e hitaande 2012 e nder lowre Youtube "TrueStoryASA" e sehilaaɓe makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abdullaah Ghuman e Sheek Akbar. Faandaare makko timmunde ko wonde awokaa. O dañii innde ngenndiire nde o yalti e ''yeewtere wiyeteende The Ellen DeGeneres Show'' ngam waɗde jimɗi. Ñalnde hade ''makko yaltude e Ellen'', o waɗii audition timmuɗo, kono o suɓii ko jokkude e ''Ellen.'' ; o siftini ɗum caggal ɗuum ko mbayliigu nguurndam makko e nder YouTuber timmuɗo. Saleh yaltinii jimɗi mum gadani "Diamond Girl" ñalnde 3 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2015, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sheek Akbar e Mumzy Stranger e nder fedde TrueStoryASA. Ñalnde 16 lewru bowte hitaande 2015, o yaltinii jimɗi makko gadani, "Hawaye" ɗi Zack Knight waɗi, ngam teddinde ɓiyiiko gorko e kaaw makko. Kaaw Saleh maayi e aksidaa oto balɗe seeɗa ko adii dewgal ɓiyiiko gorko. Saleh siftinii kaaw mum ko neɗɗo weltiiɗo no feewi, teeŋtuɗo e nder galle hee, so o maayii e ngonka hono kaa, ɗum accatno galle oo e nder mette. No kaaw makko maayiri nii, addi ɗum ko maande luggiɗnde e hakkille makko, sibu Saleh wiyiino ko adii ɗuum wonde ina jeyaa e ko addani mo waasde jogaade kaayitaaji diwooje. E lewru suwee 2017, Saleh yaltinii albom mum gadano, hono ''Chapter II'', tawi ina waɗi gollondiral e naalankooɓe heewɓe, ina jeyaa heen « Waynak » (ina jeyaa heen Faydee), « Tsunami », « All About Love », « Motto » (ina jeyaa heen Kennyon Brown), e « You Can Deal » (ina jeyaa heen Demarco). Ñalnde 18 feebariyee 2018, o jaɓii ƴaañde wonde gaño KSI garoowo e boksi. === Kanaal 3MH === Saleh wonti e nder lowre jokkondire, "3MH" e Sheek Akbar, Karim Metwaly e Slim Albaher. TrueStoryASA e 3MH peccii e lewru mee 2015. Caggal nde TruestoryASA joofi, Saleh ƴetti lowre mawnde ndee e vlog oo fof, o wayli innde mum « Adam Saleh » e « Vlogs Adam Saleh ». Luural waɗii ko feewti e ko addani pelle ɗee feccude. Won haalaaji mbiyi caɗeele ɗee ko hakkunde Saleh e Akbar, heewɓe e yiɗɓe Saleh ina tuuma gardiiɗo makko ina fecca. Gila ndeen, o waɗii wideyooji keewɗi e nder YouTuber. === Bidsee 2019 mo Youtube waɗi === Ko adii pottital makko gadanal e boksi professionnel, ko o boksiyanke amateur mo 13-0 ngam fuɗɗoraade kono laylaytol makko hare ngol woppitaa sabu wideyoo hare mbedda nde yahri viral. Ñalnde 29 suwee 2019, Saleh fooli pottital mum e Marcus Stephenson. === Habre === Wideyoo mo Saleh yaltini e lowre Youtube e lewru oktoobar 2014, yalti. E nder wideyoo o, Saleh e Sheek Akbar ina kaɓa e yeeso polis ɓoorniiɗo comci hirnaange kono polis oo yejjitaani ɗum en. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, ɓe luurdi kadi eɓe ɓoornii comci gaadanteeji kono oo sahaa ofisee oo ina jokki e maɓɓe, ina waɗa e maɓɓe ko boni. Wideyoo oo heɓii ko ina tolnoo e 200 000 yiytere e Youtube, kadi ko lowre enternet ƴetti ɗum. Wideyoo oo dañii ñiŋooje e nder renndo ngoo sabu sifaa mum "rewtinoowo e rewtinoowo", Saleh wiyi caggal ɗuum, tee ina huutoree e yeru woɗɓe no ɗee geɗe mbaawirta waɗde e yimɓe e nder laabi so ɓe ɓoorniima <nowiki>''ceertuɗo''</nowiki>. Fedde New York nde fedde jokkondiral hakkunde Amerik e Lislaam (CAIR), nde adii ñiŋde wideyoo oo ko yeru njiyaagu e juulɓe, yaafnii Saleh e Akbar, wiyi “juulɓe ina ngondi e njiimaandi gila jooni, tee waɗde ɗum tan ko ngam heɓde jaayndeeji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi, ko huunde nde jaɓaaka yaafo ɓe golle maɓɓe ɗe ɓe mbaɗi ɗe ɓe ngoppaani.” E nder wideyoo mo o waɗi e Youtube, Saleh wiyi o naatii e jolngo laana ndiwoowa Tigerair ummortooka Melbourne fayde Sydney. Kono tan, nate kisal laaɗe diwooje Melbourne kollitii wonde ko ɗum fenaande caggal nde ɓe njaltini wideyoo ina hollita Saleh ina naata e laana ndiwoowa e laana ndiwoowa ina teskaa wonde saak makko teeŋtuɗo oo jaɓataa naatde e laana ndiwoowa tawa ƴeewndaaka, kadi yahooɓe ɓee njaɓataa naatde e laana ndiwoowa tawa ƴeewndaaka. E lewru desaambar 2016, Saleh yaltinii wideyoo ina hollita wonde o ittaama e laana ndiwoowa Delta Air Lines to laana ndiwoowa Heathrow sabu makko haalde ɗemngal Arab. Kono won yahooɓe ɓee kaaldi, mbiyi Saleh ina jiiɓa yahooɓe woɗɓe, e bayyinaango Delta ngoo e hoore mum wiyi Saleh ina wulla ina ƴattoo woɗɓe. Haala Saleh ka umminii jeewte ko faati e « Ndimaagu weeyo ». E hitaande 2018, Saleh, wondude e YouTuber en woɗɓe heewɓe, tawtoraama wiɗto BBC Trending ngam ɓamtude lowre EduBirdie, baawnde rokkude huutortooɓe ɗum en soodde binndanɗe (ƴeewndo fenaande). E lewru sulyee 2020, Saleh yaltinii wideyoo TikTok omo muñana suka debbo. Ɗum jibini ƴattooje e makko sabu golle makko. Sehilaaɓe makko e ɓesngu makko kadi kollitii mettere mum en e golle Saleh e nder laylayti renndo. Saleh wiyi caggal ɗuum e nder wideyoo mo o yaltini e tele Albaher wonde hay so o muñaani suka debbo oo kono o huccitii e makko walla o memi ɗum, o heɓatnoo ko ƴattooje. O holliti kadi mettere makko e mettere makko e waajotooɗo Ali Dawah, o wiyi ɗum ko "foni" o ɓuri yiɗde Mufti Menk e dow makko ngam wideyooji makko Dawah ɗi o ñiŋata Saleh e yiɗɓe makko. == Rekord boks professionnel == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" !{{Abbr|No.|Number}} !Sakamakon !Rikodi !Kishiya !Rubuta !Kwanan wata !Wuri !Bayanan kula |- |<nowiki>style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " class="table-yes2" |Win</nowiki> |1 - 0 | style="text-align:left;" |</img> Marcus Stephenson |{{Abbr|UD|Unanimous decision}} |29 Satumba 2019 | style="text-align:left;" |</img> York Hall, London, England | style="text-align:left;" |Professional boxing debut |} == Jimi == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" |Tiitoonde e defte ! scope="col" | Teskorɗe |- ! scope="row" | '''''Faandaare II''''' * Sifaa: Albom * Fuɗɗiti: 2017 |{{Track listing}} |- |} * 2017: "E dow laawol am" (James Yammouni & Faydee feat. Adam Saleh) {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mgx8p32joykv7ke7t8qu8p9dvppq4fh 0 42849 177537 2026-06-30T15:23:00Z Bin Hassaini 14172 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/730222|Ava Knight]]" 177537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Ava Michelle Knight-Salicka''' (jibinaa ko 15 ut 1988) ko boksiyanke Ameriknaajo. O joginoo tiitoonde rewɓe IBF tuggi 2011 haa 2012, o haɓanaaki tiitooɗe winndere e nder diwanuuji tati teddeendi ; tiitoonde WBC rewɓe ɓurnde mawnude e hitaande 2009 ; tiitoonde bantam rewɓe WBO e hitaande 2011 ; e tiitoonde WBC rewɓe tedduɓe e hitaande 2013. == Bokse == Ko o boksiyanke karallo gila 2007, Knight haɓaama e Ana María Torres ngam heɓde tiitoonde winndereere WBC e nder teddeendi ɓurndi mawnude e rewɓe ñalnde 29 ut 2009 to Ciudad Deportiva, Meksik, Meksik, tawi o dañii heen kuulal gootal. [1] [2] Etaade makko gadano heɓde tiitoonde winndere ndee ko ñalnde 18 suwee 2011, nde o fotnoo hawrude e Kaliesha West, kaɓantooɗo WBO e nder dingiral pijirlooji, to Pico Rivera, to Kaliforni, to Amerik. Hare nde joofi ko e doggol, ñaawoowo gooto waɗi ɗum 96-94 wonande West, goɗɗo 96-94 wonande Knight e tataɓo oo waɗi ɗum 95-95. Knight dañii tiitoonde winndere ndee e jarribo tataɓo, o nanngi beldital rewɓe IBF nde o fooli Arely Muciño, gardinooɗo kawgel ngel, e daawal ɗiɗaɓal pottital maɓɓe to Palenque de la Feria, Colima, Meksik, ñalnde 29 oktoobar 2011. O dañii nafoore e daranaade tiitoonde makko laabi ɗiɗi hade makko heɓde njeenaari WBC Diamond ñalnde 13 oktoobar 2012, tawi ko e dow kuulal gootal o heɓi e Mariana Juárez to Palacio de los Deportes, to wuro Meksik, Meksik. Ñalnde 26 oktoobar 2013, Knight etinooma heɓtude tiitoonde winndereere rewɓe WBC e juuɗe Ibeth Zamora Silva kono o foolii kawgel ngel to Deportivo Agustín Ramos Millan, to Toluca, Meksik, e dow kuulal gootal. E lewru marse 2024, Knight anndinaama wonde o siifondirii e daawal ɗiɗaɓal e nder porogaraam gadano e nder fedde nde, hono Team Combat League (TCL), ngam tawtoreede kawgel Las Vegas Hustle. O waɗii yeewtere makko adannde ñalnde 5 abriil 2024, ɗo o dañi kuulal gootal e dow Rosalinda Rodriguez to Miami, Florida, Amerik. == Industry karallaagal kuuɓtodinngal == Knight waɗii ñalngu mum gadano e MMA e Shannon Goughary to Bellator 228 ñalnde 28 suwee 2019. O dañii ñalngu nguu e TKO e daawal tataɓal. Knight hawri e Emilee King to Bellator 238 ñalnde 25 lewru Yarkomaa 2020. O dañii laawol e doggol adanngol. == WWE Tiiɗɗum ina heewi == Knight jeyaa ko e 40 ƴamooɓe lefol laamu e nder hitaande 2015 e nder kawgel ngel World Wrestling Entertainment, ngel woni teleeji gooŋɗuɗi, ɗo ƴaañooɓe yiɗɓe ƴaañde ɓee ndartotoo ngam heɓde nokku e nder doggol kippu nguu. O jeyaa ko e 10 limtaaɓe e ñalawma gadano jarribooji baɗaaɗi to Orlando, Florida, Amerik. == Rekord boks professionnel == {{BoxingRecordSummary|draws=5|nc=|ko-wins=5|ko-losses=0|dec-wins=15|dec-losses=2}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !{{Abbr|No.|Number}} !Result !Record !Opponent !Type !Round, time !Date !Location !Notes |- |27 |{{yes2}}Win |20–2–5 | align="left" |Nancy Franco |UD |6 |Dec 5, 2021 | align="left" |Staples Center, Los Angeles, California, U.S. | align="left" | |- |26 |{{yes2}}Win |19–2–5 | align="left" |Luna del Mar Torroba |UD |8 |Nov 1, 2019 | align="left" |Sam's Town Hotel & Gambling Hall, Sunrise Manor, Nevada, U.S. | align="left" | |- |25 |{{yes2}}Win |18–2–5 | align="left" |Crystal Hoy |UD |8 |May 17, 2019 | align="left" |FedExForum, Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. | align="left" | |- |24 |{{draw}}Draw |17–2–5 | align="left" |Luna del Mar Torroba |TD |3 (8), 0:30 |Feb 9, 2019 | align="left" |Dignity Health Sports Park, Carson, California, U.S. | align="left" |Fight stopped after Knight cut from accidental clash of heads |- |23 |{{yes2}}Win |17–2–4 | align="left" |Mayela Perez |UD |6 |Dec 7, 2018 | align="left" |Sam's Town Hotel & Gambling Hall, Sunrise Manor, Nevada, U.S. | align="left" | |- |22 |{{yes2}}Win |16–2–4 | align="left" |Nancy Franco |UD |6 |Sept 22, 2018 | align="left" |Sam's Town Hotel & Gambling Hall, Sunrise Manor, Nevada, U.S. | align="left" | |- |21 |{{yes2}}Win |15–2–4 | align="left" |Leesa Daniels |UD |6 |Jul 21, 2018 | align="left" |FedExForum, Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. | align="left" |Won vacant ABF USA bantamweight title |- |20 |{{yes2}}Win |14–2–4 | align="left" |Judith Rodriguez |UD |8 |Apr 23, 2016 | align="left" |Centro de Usos Multiples, Los Mochis, Mexico | align="left" | |- |19 |{{draw}}Draw |13–2–4 | align="left" |Jasseth Noriega |SD |6 |Feb 20, 2016 | align="left" |Lobodome, Mazatlán, Mexico | align="left" | |- |18 |{{yes2}}Win |13-2-3 | align="left" |Guadalupe Martínez Guzmán |UD |10 |Nov 13, 2014 | align="left" |Washington Hilton & Towers, Washington, D.C., U.S. | align="left" |Won vacant WBC International flyweight title |- |17 |{{no2}}Loss |12-2-3 | align="left" |Ibeth Zamora Silva |UD |10 |Oct 26, 2013 | align="left" |Deportivo Agustín Ramos Millan, Toluca, Mexico | align="left" |For WBC light-flyweight title |- |16 |{{yes2}}Win |12-1-3 | align="left" |Linda Soto |UD |10 |May 11, 2013 | align="left" |Deportivo Agustín Ramos Millan, Toluca, Mexico | align="left" |Retained WBC Silver flyweight title |- |15 |{{yes2}}Win |11-1-3 | align="left" |Susana Vazquez |UD |10 |Jan 26, 2013 | align="left" |Gimnasio Manuel Bernardo Aguirre, Chihuahua City, Mexico | align="left" |Won vacant WBC Silver flyweight title |- |14 |{{yes2}}Win |10-1-3 | align="left" |Mariana Juárez |UD |10 |Oct 13, 2012 | align="left" |Palacio de los Deportes, Mexico City, Mexico | align="left" |Won vacant WBC Diamond flyweight title |- |13 |{{yes2}}Win |9-1-3 | align="left" |Susana Vazquez |UD |10 |Jun 30, 2012 | align="left" |Auditorio Centenario, Torreón, Mexico | align="left" |Retained IBF flyweight title |- |12 |{{yes2}}Win |8-1-3 | align="left" |Vacharaporn Prachumchai |TKO |10 (10), 1:00 |Mar 31, 2012 | align="left" |Gimnasio Auditorio, Los Cabos, Mexico | align="left" |Retained IBF flyweight title |- |11 |{{yes2}}Win |7-1-3 | align="left" |Arely Muciño |KO |2 (10), 0:45 |Oct 29, 2011 | align="left" |Palenque de la Feria, Colima, Mexico | align="left" |Won IBF flyweight title |- |10 |{{draw}}Draw |6-1-3 | align="left" |Kaliesha West |SD |10 |Jun 18, 2011 | align="left" |Sports Arena, Pico Rivera, California, U.S. | align="left" |For WBO bantamweight title |- |9 |{{yes2}}Win |6-1-2 | align="left" |Gloria Salas |KO |1 (6), 1:55 |Jan 14, 2011 | align="left" |Fantasy Springs Resort Casino, Indio, California, U.S. | align="left" | |- |8 |{{no2}}Loss |5-1-2 | align="left" |Ana María Torres |UD |10 |Aug 29, 2009 | align="left" |Ciudad Deportiva, Mexicali, Mexico | align="left" |For WBC super-flyweight title |- |7 |{{yes2}}Win |5-0-2 | align="left" |Kaliesha West |UD |8 |Nov 18, 2008 | align="left" |Table Mountain Casino, Friant, California, U.S. | align="left" | |- |6 |{{yes2}}Win |4-0-2 | align="left" |Noriko Kariya |KO |5 (6), 0:20 |Jul 31, 2008 | align="left" |Schuetzen Park, North Bergen, New Jersey, U.S. | align="left" | |- |5 |{{draw}}Draw |3-0-2 | align="left" |Elena Reid |PTS |6 |Jun 12, 2008 | align="left" |Mohegan Sun Arena, Montville, Connecticut, U.S. | align="left" | |- |4 |{{yes2}}Win |3-0-1 | align="left" |Sharon Gaines |UD |6 |Feb 9, 2008 | align="left" |Aquarius Casino Resort, Laughlin, Nevada, U.S. | align="left" | |- |3 |{{draw}}Draw |2-0-1 | align="left" |Jodie Esquibel |MD |4 |Jan 11, 2008 | align="left" |Isleta Casino & Resort, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S. | align="left" | |- |2 |{{yes2}}Win |2-0 | align="left" |Katarina De la Cruz |KO |1 (4) |Sep 20, 2007 | align="left" |Sagebrush Cantina, Calabasas, California, U.S. | align="left" | |- |1 |{{yes2}}Win |1-0 | align="left" |Leonie Hall |UD |4 |Aug 30, 2007 | align="left" |Colusa Casino Resort, Colusa, California, U.S. | align="left" | |} == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol bokseeji rewɓe * Doggol rewɓe daɗɓe == Hiisoowo == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 947cameonseyyk1msqjn3cwqghwcuzo 177538 177537 2026-06-30T15:24:31Z Bin Hassaini 14172 177538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Ava Michelle Knight-Salicka''' (jibinaa ko 15 ut 1988) ko boksiyanke Ameriknaajo. O joginoo tiitoonde rewɓe IBF tuggi 2011 haa 2012, o haɓanaaki tiitooɗe winndere e nder diwanuuji tati teddeendi ; tiitoonde WBC rewɓe ɓurnde mawnude e hitaande 2009 ; tiitoonde bantam rewɓe WBO e hitaande 2011 ; e tiitoonde WBC rewɓe tedduɓe e hitaande 2013. == Bokse == Ko o boksiyanke karallo gila 2007, Knight haɓaama e Ana María Torres ngam heɓde tiitoonde winndereere WBC e nder teddeendi ɓurndi mawnude e rewɓe ñalnde 29 ut 2009 to Ciudad Deportiva, Meksik, Meksik, tawi o dañii heen kuulal gootal. [1] [2] Etaade makko gadano heɓde tiitoonde winndere ndee ko ñalnde 18 suwee 2011, nde o fotnoo hawrude e Kaliesha West, kaɓantooɗo WBO e nder dingiral pijirlooji, to Pico Rivera, to Kaliforni, to Amerik. Hare nde joofi ko e doggol, ñaawoowo gooto waɗi ɗum 96-94 wonande West, goɗɗo 96-94 wonande Knight e tataɓo oo waɗi ɗum 95-95. Knight dañii tiitoonde winndere ndee e jarribo tataɓo, o nanngi beldital rewɓe IBF nde o fooli Arely Muciño, gardinooɗo kawgel ngel, e daawal ɗiɗaɓal pottital maɓɓe to Palenque de la Feria, Colima, Meksik, ñalnde 29 oktoobar 2011. O dañii nafoore e daranaade tiitoonde makko laabi ɗiɗi hade makko heɓde njeenaari WBC Diamond ñalnde 13 oktoobar 2012, tawi ko e dow kuulal gootal o heɓi e Mariana Juárez to Palacio de los Deportes, to wuro Meksik, Meksik. Ñalnde 26 oktoobar 2013, Knight etinooma heɓtude tiitoonde winndereere rewɓe WBC e juuɗe Ibeth Zamora Silva kono o foolii kawgel ngel to Deportivo Agustín Ramos Millan, to Toluca, Meksik, e dow kuulal gootal. E lewru marse 2024, Knight anndinaama wonde o siifondirii e daawal ɗiɗaɓal e nder porogaraam gadano e nder fedde nde, hono Team Combat League (TCL), ngam tawtoreede kawgel Las Vegas Hustle. O waɗii yeewtere makko adannde ñalnde 5 abriil 2024, ɗo o dañi kuulal gootal e dow Rosalinda Rodriguez to Miami, Florida, Amerik. == Industry karallaagal kuuɓtodinngal == Knight waɗii ñalngu mum gadano e MMA e Shannon Goughary to Bellator 228 ñalnde 28 suwee 2019. O dañii ñalngu nguu e TKO e daawal tataɓal. Knight hawri e Emilee King to Bellator 238 ñalnde 25 lewru Yarkomaa 2020. O dañii laawol e doggol adanngol. == WWE Tiiɗɗum ina heewi == Knight jeyaa ko e 40 ƴamooɓe lefol laamu e nder hitaande 2015 e nder kawgel ngel World Wrestling Entertainment, ngel woni teleeji gooŋɗuɗi, ɗo ƴaañooɓe yiɗɓe ƴaañde ɓee ndartotoo ngam heɓde nokku e nder doggol kippu nguu. O jeyaa ko e 10 limtaaɓe e ñalawma gadano jarribooji baɗaaɗi to Orlando, Florida, Amerik. == Rekord boks professionnel == {{BoxingRecordSummary|draws=5|nc=|ko-wins=5|ko-losses=0|dec-wins=15|dec-losses=2}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !{{Abbr|No.|Number}} !Result !Record !Opponent !Type !Round, time !Date !Location !Notes |- |27 |{{yes2}}Win |20–2–5 | align="left" |Nancy Franco |UD |6 |Dec 5, 2021 | align="left" |Staples Center, Los Angeles, California, U.S. | align="left" | |- |26 |{{yes2}}Win |19–2–5 | align="left" |Luna del Mar Torroba |UD |8 |Nov 1, 2019 | align="left" |Sam's Town Hotel & Gambling Hall, Sunrise Manor, Nevada, U.S. | align="left" | |- |25 |{{yes2}}Win |18–2–5 | align="left" |Crystal Hoy |UD |8 |May 17, 2019 | align="left" |FedExForum, Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. | align="left" | |- |24 |{{draw}}Draw |17–2–5 | align="left" |Luna del Mar Torroba |TD |3 (8), 0:30 |Feb 9, 2019 | align="left" |Dignity Health Sports Park, Carson, California, U.S. | align="left" |Fight stopped after Knight cut from accidental clash of heads |- |23 |{{yes2}}Win |17–2–4 | align="left" |Mayela Perez |UD |6 |Dec 7, 2018 | align="left" |Sam's Town Hotel & Gambling Hall, Sunrise Manor, Nevada, U.S. | align="left" | |- |22 |{{yes2}}Win |16–2–4 | align="left" |Nancy Franco |UD |6 |Sept 22, 2018 | align="left" |Sam's Town Hotel & Gambling Hall, Sunrise Manor, Nevada, U.S. | align="left" | |- |21 |{{yes2}}Win |15–2–4 | align="left" |Leesa Daniels |UD |6 |Jul 21, 2018 | align="left" |FedExForum, Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. | align="left" |Won vacant ABF USA bantamweight title |- |20 |{{yes2}}Win |14–2–4 | align="left" |Judith Rodriguez |UD |8 |Apr 23, 2016 | align="left" |Centro de Usos Multiples, Los Mochis, Mexico | align="left" | |- |19 |{{draw}}Draw |13–2–4 | align="left" |Jasseth Noriega |SD |6 |Feb 20, 2016 | align="left" |Lobodome, Mazatlán, Mexico | align="left" | |- |18 |{{yes2}}Win |13-2-3 | align="left" |Guadalupe Martínez Guzmán |UD |10 |Nov 13, 2014 | align="left" |Washington Hilton & Towers, Washington, D.C., U.S. | align="left" |Won vacant WBC International flyweight title |- |17 |{{no2}}Loss |12-2-3 | align="left" |Ibeth Zamora Silva |UD |10 |Oct 26, 2013 | align="left" |Deportivo Agustín Ramos Millan, Toluca, Mexico | align="left" |For WBC light-flyweight title |- |16 |{{yes2}}Win |12-1-3 | align="left" |Linda Soto |UD |10 |May 11, 2013 | align="left" |Deportivo Agustín Ramos Millan, Toluca, Mexico | align="left" |Retained WBC Silver flyweight title |- |15 |{{yes2}}Win |11-1-3 | align="left" |Susana Vazquez |UD |10 |Jan 26, 2013 | align="left" |Gimnasio Manuel Bernardo Aguirre, Chihuahua City, Mexico | align="left" |Won vacant WBC Silver flyweight title |- |14 |{{yes2}}Win |10-1-3 | align="left" |Mariana Juárez |UD |10 |Oct 13, 2012 | align="left" |Palacio de los Deportes, Mexico City, Mexico | align="left" |Won vacant WBC Diamond flyweight title |- |13 |{{yes2}}Win |9-1-3 | align="left" |Susana Vazquez |UD |10 |Jun 30, 2012 | align="left" |Auditorio Centenario, Torreón, Mexico | align="left" |Retained IBF flyweight title |- |12 |{{yes2}}Win |8-1-3 | align="left" |Vacharaporn Prachumchai |TKO |10 (10), 1:00 |Mar 31, 2012 | align="left" |Gimnasio Auditorio, Los Cabos, Mexico | align="left" |Retained IBF flyweight title |- |11 |{{yes2}}Win |7-1-3 | align="left" |Arely Muciño |KO |2 (10), 0:45 |Oct 29, 2011 | align="left" |Palenque de la Feria, Colima, Mexico | align="left" |Won IBF flyweight title |- |10 |{{draw}}Draw |6-1-3 | align="left" |Kaliesha West |SD |10 |Jun 18, 2011 | align="left" |Sports Arena, Pico Rivera, California, U.S. | align="left" |For WBO bantamweight title |- |9 |{{yes2}}Win |6-1-2 | align="left" |Gloria Salas |KO |1 (6), 1:55 |Jan 14, 2011 | align="left" |Fantasy Springs Resort Casino, Indio, California, U.S. | align="left" | |- |8 |{{no2}}Loss |5-1-2 | align="left" |Ana María Torres |UD |10 |Aug 29, 2009 | align="left" |Ciudad Deportiva, Mexicali, Mexico | align="left" |For WBC super-flyweight title |- |7 |{{yes2}}Win |5-0-2 | align="left" |Kaliesha West |UD |8 |Nov 18, 2008 | align="left" |Table Mountain Casino, Friant, California, U.S. | align="left" | |- |6 |{{yes2}}Win |4-0-2 | align="left" |Noriko Kariya |KO |5 (6), 0:20 |Jul 31, 2008 | align="left" |Schuetzen Park, North Bergen, New Jersey, U.S. | align="left" | |- |5 |{{draw}}Draw |3-0-2 | align="left" |Elena Reid |PTS |6 |Jun 12, 2008 | align="left" |Mohegan Sun Arena, Montville, Connecticut, U.S. | align="left" | |- |4 |{{yes2}}Win |3-0-1 | align="left" |Sharon Gaines |UD |6 |Feb 9, 2008 | align="left" |Aquarius Casino Resort, Laughlin, Nevada, U.S. | align="left" | |- |3 |{{draw}}Draw |2-0-1 | align="left" |Jodie Esquibel |MD |4 |Jan 11, 2008 | align="left" |Isleta Casino & Resort, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S. | align="left" | |- |2 |{{yes2}}Win |2-0 | align="left" |Katarina De la Cruz |KO |1 (4) |Sep 20, 2007 | align="left" |Sagebrush Cantina, Calabasas, California, U.S. | align="left" | |- |1 |{{yes2}}Win |1-0 | align="left" |Leonie Hall |UD |4 |Aug 30, 2007 | align="left" |Colusa Casino Resort, Colusa, California, U.S. | align="left" | |} == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol bokseeji rewɓe * Doggol rewɓe daɗɓe == Hiisoowo == [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] 37c0tligdek57tilwj66rvy14m6ba0e 0 42850 177540 2026-06-30T15:42:44Z Bin Hassaini 14172 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/506706|Avignon]]" 177540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Avignon,_Palais_des_Papes_depuis_Tour_Philippe_le_Bel_by_JM_Rosier.jpg|thumb|Aviyonon]] Avignon [hono no mbiyru-ɗen nii]. : /avinyon/] ko wuro wonngo e Farayse. Wuro Avignon ina joginoo 527,731 neɗɗo e binnditagol 2015 [1] . == Fotooje == <gallery> File:Avignon_airport_06.jpg|link=Fayil:Avignon_airport_06.jpg|alt=AvignonFilin jirgin Sama na Avignon|[[File:Avignon_-_Statue_de_Jean_Althen.jpg|thumb|Aviyonon]] Aeroport Avignon File:.00_3171_Stadtmauer_von_Avignon,_Frankreich.jpg|link=Fayil:.00_3171_Stadtmauer_von_Avignon,_Frankreich.jpg|alt=Stadtmauer| Koɗorɗe wuro File:Le_pont_d'Avignon_depuis_l'île_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg|link=Fayil:Le_pont_d'Avignon_depuis_l'île_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg|alt=Gadar Avignon daga tsibirin Barthelasse| Pont Avignon ummoraade e duunde Bartelasse File:UniversiteAvignon-Entree.jpg|link=Fayil:UniversiteAvignon-Entree.jpg|alt=Kofar shiga jami'ar Avignon| Naatgol e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Avignon File:Avignon_shops.jpg|link=Fayil:Avignon_shops.jpg|alt=A shoppingstreet| Laabi coodgu File:Avignon_-_Institut_Saint_Catherine_2.JPG|link=Fayil:Avignon_-_Institut_Saint_Catherine_2.JPG|alt=Avignon - Institut Saint Catherine| Avignon - Duɗal Saint Catherine File:Avignon-Cité_Administrative-bjs180817-01.jpg|link=Fayil:Avignon-Cité_Administrative-bjs180817-01.jpg|alt=Avignon-Cité Administrative| Njuɓɓudi Aviyon-Cité File:Avignon_-_Jardin_de_Benoit_XII_-_Panorama_View_on_Tour_des_Anges,_Tour_de_l'Étude,_Salle_de_Jésus,_Chapelle_Saint-Jean_&_Consistoire_du_Palais_des_Papes_d'Avignon_04.jpg|link=Fayil:Avignon_-_Jardin_de_Benoit_XII_-_Panorama_View_on_Tour_des_Anges,_Tour_de_l'Étude,_Salle_de_Jésus,_Chapelle_Saint-Jean_&_Consistoire_du_Palais_des_Papes_d'Avignon_04.jpg|alt=Avignon - Jardin de Benoit XII| Aviyon - Jardiin de Benoit XII File:Enceintes_d'Avignon_Viollet-le-Duc.jpg|link=Fayil:Enceintes_d'Avignon_Viollet-le-Duc.jpg|alt=Kewaye na Avignon Viollet-le-Duc| Taariindi Avinyon Viyolet-le-Duk File:Avignon_view.jpg|link=Fayil:Avignon_view.jpg|alt=Wani tsohon yanki na birnin Avignon| Feccere ɓooynde e wuro Avignon File:Brücke_von_Avignon.JPG|link=Fayil:Brücke_von_Avignon.JPG|alt=Shahararrar gada ta Avignon| Pont lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Avignon </gallery> == Hiisoowo == <references /> inf1k1ydnp55xl5vwd7phkwedmxnt95 0 42851 177541 2026-06-30T15:56:42Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177541 wikitext text/x-wiki Bello Dandago ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati Chief Whip, ɓaawo man o laati cukko hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. Bello Dandago jibinaa ko hitaande 1908 to Kano, o woniino jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu, o woniino jaayndeyaagal e rajo, o woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder fedde yimɓe leydi Najeriya, o woniino laamɗo aadaaji ɗo o wonnoo gooto e waɗooɓe laamɗo e nder Emirate Kano. Jaangirde O janngi duɗal diiwaan Kano (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rumfa, Kano) hakkunde 1922 e 1927 o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina lollungal e hitaande 1927 o timmini ɗum e hitaande 1932. Kugal O jannginii e duɗal hakkundeewal gila 1932 haa 1941 caggal ɗuum o wonti jaayndeyaagal hakkunde leyɗeele gadano North gila 1941 haa 1944 nde kanko e Isa Kaita ɓe ngolli to Zoy ko jaayndeeji e ofiseeji porogaraamuuji to Accra Ghana. Nde rewooɓe Gaskiya Oropnaaɓe njilliima ɓe to Ganaa, ɓe mbaɗii yeewtere e ɗemngal Hausa. Hoɗɓe ɓee paami no jaayndiyankooɓe ɗiɗo ɓee mbaɗiri golle maantiniiɗe, ɓe keɓii innde mawnde e nder yimɓe nokku oo. Ɓe njettii kadi wonde Dandago « ina waawi ranwinde jaayndeyaagal gadanal e kala ɗemngal ». O wonti gardiiɗo suudu (Studio Manager) e ofisee jaayndeeji e nder sarwisaaji peccitagol rajooji RDS to Kano tuggi 1944 haa 1948. Politik Caggal duuɓi golle politik, Dandago suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam lomtaade Gwarzo Fuɗnaange e les njiimaandi NPC, hono Kongres yimɓe worgo. O meeɗiino wonde hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji, caggal ɗuum o wonti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji tuggi 1963 haa 1966. Tiitoonde Aada O toɗɗaa hooreejo Ward (Wakili) gure yaasi wuro Kano, darnde nde o joginoo gila 1948 haa 1952. O artiraa Sarkin Dawaki Mai Tuta hooreejo diiwaan Jahun e hitaande 1952, tiitoonde nde o joginoo haa o maayi. Njeenaaje E hitaande 1959, Dandago teddinaama e tiitoonde Ofisee Ordre de l'Empire britannique. Wade O sankii ko e lewru abriil, hitaande 1977, o woni hooreejo diiwaan Jahun. Tuugnorgal 4wb17iiuutipjmzk3y1vidtelfmzwzs 177542 177541 2026-06-30T15:59:50Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Bello Dandago ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati Chief Whip, ɓaawo man o laati cukko hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. Bello Dandago jibinaa ko hitaande 1908 to Kano, o woniino jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu, o woniino jaayndeyaagal e rajo, o woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder fedde yimɓe leydi Najeriya, o woniino laamɗo aadaaji ɗo o wonnoo gooto e waɗooɓe laamɗo e nder Emirate Kano. Jaangirde O janngi duɗal diiwaan Kano (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rumfa, Kano) hakkunde 1922 e 1927 o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina lollungal e hitaande 1927 o timmini ɗum e hitaande 1932. Kugal O jannginii e duɗal hakkundeewal gila 1932 haa 1941 caggal ɗuum o wonti jaayndeyaagal hakkunde leyɗeele gadano North gila 1941 haa 1944 nde kanko e Isa Kaita ɓe ngolli to Zoy ko jaayndeeji e ofiseeji porogaraamuuji to Accra Ghana. Nde rewooɓe Gaskiya Oropnaaɓe njilliima ɓe to Ganaa, ɓe mbaɗii yeewtere e ɗemngal Hausa. Hoɗɓe ɓee paami no jaayndiyankooɓe ɗiɗo ɓee mbaɗiri golle maantiniiɗe, ɓe keɓii innde mawnde e nder yimɓe nokku oo. Ɓe njettii kadi wonde Dandago « ina waawi ranwinde jaayndeyaagal gadanal e kala ɗemngal ». O wonti gardiiɗo suudu (Studio Manager) e ofisee jaayndeeji e nder sarwisaaji peccitagol rajooji RDS to Kano tuggi 1944 haa 1948. Politik Caggal duuɓi golle politik, Dandago suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam lomtaade Gwarzo Fuɗnaange e les njiimaandi NPC, hono Kongres yimɓe worgo. O meeɗiino wonde hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji, caggal ɗuum o wonti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji tuggi 1963 haa 1966. Tiitoonde Aada O toɗɗaa hooreejo Ward (Wakili) gure yaasi wuro Kano, darnde nde o joginoo gila 1948 haa 1952. O artiraa Sarkin Dawaki Mai Tuta hooreejo diiwaan Jahun e hitaande 1952, tiitoonde nde o joginoo haa o maayi. Njeenaaje E hitaande 1959, Dandago teddinaama e tiitoonde Ofisee Ordre de l'Empire britannique. Wade O sankii ko e lewru abriil, hitaande 1977, o woni hooreejo diiwaan Jahun. Tuugnorgal hugtapdwpl1qv2cq5ukp60rhitmqm5c 177543 177542 2026-06-30T16:01:01Z Ilya Discuss 10103 177543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Bello Dandago ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati Chief Whip, ɓaawo man o laati cukko hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. Bello Dandago jibinaa ko hitaande 1908 to Kano, o woniino jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu, o woniino jaayndeyaagal e rajo, o woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder fedde yimɓe leydi Najeriya, o woniino laamɗo aadaaji ɗo o wonnoo gooto e waɗooɓe laamɗo e nder Emirate Kano. == Jaangirde == O janngi duɗal diiwaan Kano (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rumfa, Kano) hakkunde 1922 e 1927 o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina lollungal e hitaande 1927 o timmini ɗum e hitaande 1932. == Kugal == O jannginii e duɗal hakkundeewal gila 1932 haa 1941 caggal ɗuum o wonti jaayndeyaagal hakkunde leyɗeele gadano North gila 1941 haa 1944 nde kanko e Isa Kaita ɓe ngolli to Zoy ko jaayndeeji e ofiseeji porogaraamuuji to Accra Ghana. Nde rewooɓe Gaskiya Oropnaaɓe njilliima ɓe to Ganaa, ɓe mbaɗii yeewtere e ɗemngal Hausa. Hoɗɓe ɓee paami no jaayndiyankooɓe ɗiɗo ɓee mbaɗiri golle maantiniiɗe, ɓe keɓii innde mawnde e nder yimɓe nokku oo. Ɓe njettii kadi wonde Dandago « ina waawi ranwinde jaayndeyaagal gadanal e kala ɗemngal ». O wonti gardiiɗo suudu (Studio Manager) e ofisee jaayndeeji e nder sarwisaaji peccitagol rajooji RDS to Kano tuggi 1944 haa 1948. == Politik == Caggal duuɓi golle politik, Dandago suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam lomtaade Gwarzo Fuɗnaange e les njiimaandi NPC, hono Kongres yimɓe worgo. O meeɗiino wonde hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji, caggal ɗuum o wonti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji tuggi 1963 haa 1966. == Tiitoonde Aada == O toɗɗaa hooreejo Ward (Wakili) gure yaasi wuro Kano, darnde nde o joginoo gila 1948 haa 1952. O artiraa Sarkin Dawaki Mai Tuta hooreejo diiwaan Jahun e hitaande 1952, tiitoonde nde o joginoo haa o maayi. == Njeenaaje == E hitaande 1959, Dandago teddinaama e tiitoonde Ofisee Ordre de l'Empire britannique. == Wade == O sankii ko e lewru abriil, hitaande 1977, o woni hooreejo diiwaan Jahun. == Tuugnorgal == fpm40muidm0j6lv6qx71cguz487o1xr 177545 177543 2026-06-30T16:03:27Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bello Dandago''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati Chief Whip, ɓaawo man o laati cukko hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya. Bello Dandago jibinaa ko hitaande 1908 to Kano, o woniino jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu, o woniino jaayndeyaagal e rajo, o woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder fedde yimɓe leydi Najeriya, o woniino laamɗo aadaaji ɗo o wonnoo gooto e waɗooɓe laamɗo e nder Emirate Kano. == Jaangirde == O janngi duɗal diiwaan Kano (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rumfa, Kano) hakkunde 1922 e 1927 o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina lollungal e hitaande 1927 o timmini ɗum e hitaande 1932. == Kugal == O jannginii e duɗal hakkundeewal gila 1932 haa 1941 caggal ɗuum o wonti jaayndeyaagal hakkunde leyɗeele gadano North gila 1941 haa 1944 nde kanko e Isa Kaita ɓe ngolli to Zoy ko jaayndeeji e ofiseeji porogaraamuuji to Accra Ghana. Nde rewooɓe Gaskiya Oropnaaɓe njilliima ɓe to Ganaa, ɓe mbaɗii yeewtere e ɗemngal Hausa. Hoɗɓe ɓee paami no jaayndiyankooɓe ɗiɗo ɓee mbaɗiri golle maantiniiɗe, ɓe keɓii innde mawnde e nder yimɓe nokku oo. Ɓe njettii kadi wonde Dandago « ina waawi ranwinde jaayndeyaagal gadanal e kala ɗemngal ». O wonti gardiiɗo suudu (Studio Manager) e ofisee jaayndeeji e nder sarwisaaji peccitagol rajooji RDS to Kano tuggi 1944 haa 1948. == Politik == Caggal duuɓi golle politik, Dandago suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam lomtaade Gwarzo Fuɗnaange e les njiimaandi NPC, hono Kongres yimɓe worgo. O meeɗiino wonde hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji, caggal ɗuum o wonti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji tuggi 1963 haa 1966. == Tiitoonde Aada == O toɗɗaa hooreejo Ward (Wakili) gure yaasi wuro Kano, darnde nde o joginoo gila 1948 haa 1952. O artiraa Sarkin Dawaki Mai Tuta hooreejo diiwaan Jahun e hitaande 1952, tiitoonde nde o joginoo haa o maayi. == Njeenaaje == E hitaande 1959, Dandago teddinaama e tiitoonde Ofisee Ordre de l'Empire britannique. == Wade == O sankii ko e lewru abriil, hitaande 1977, o woni hooreejo diiwaan Jahun. == Tuugnorgal == 5lismr7gn0mu4z8f58s5pjvvehdth8i 177546 177545 2026-06-30T16:05:27Z Ilya Discuss 10103 177546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bello Dandago''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati Chief Whip, ɓaawo man o laati cukko hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Skiar|first=Richard L.|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=1592212093|page=517}}</ref> Bello Dandago jibinaa ko hitaande 1908 to Kano, o woniino jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu, o woniino jaayndeyaagal e rajo, o woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder fedde yimɓe leydi Najeriya, o woniino laamɗo aadaaji ɗo o wonnoo gooto e waɗooɓe laamɗo e nder Emirate Kano. == Jaangirde == O janngi duɗal diiwaan Kano (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rumfa, Kano) hakkunde 1922 e 1927 o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina lollungal e hitaande 1927 o timmini ɗum e hitaande 1932. == Kugal == O jannginii e duɗal hakkundeewal gila 1932 haa 1941 caggal ɗuum o wonti jaayndeyaagal hakkunde leyɗeele gadano North gila 1941 haa 1944 nde kanko e Isa Kaita ɓe ngolli to Zoy ko jaayndeeji e ofiseeji porogaraamuuji to Accra Ghana. Nde rewooɓe Gaskiya Oropnaaɓe njilliima ɓe to Ganaa, ɓe mbaɗii yeewtere e ɗemngal Hausa. Hoɗɓe ɓee paami no jaayndiyankooɓe ɗiɗo ɓee mbaɗiri golle maantiniiɗe, ɓe keɓii innde mawnde e nder yimɓe nokku oo. Ɓe njettii kadi wonde Dandago « ina waawi ranwinde jaayndeyaagal gadanal e kala ɗemngal ». O wonti gardiiɗo suudu (Studio Manager) e ofisee jaayndeeji e nder sarwisaaji peccitagol rajooji RDS to Kano tuggi 1944 haa 1948. == Politik == Caggal duuɓi golle politik, Dandago suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam lomtaade Gwarzo Fuɗnaange e les njiimaandi NPC, hono Kongres yimɓe worgo. O meeɗiino wonde hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji, caggal ɗuum o wonti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji tuggi 1963 haa 1966. == Tiitoonde Aada == O toɗɗaa hooreejo Ward (Wakili) gure yaasi wuro Kano, darnde nde o joginoo gila 1948 haa 1952. O artiraa Sarkin Dawaki Mai Tuta hooreejo diiwaan Jahun e hitaande 1952, tiitoonde nde o joginoo haa o maayi. == Njeenaaje == E hitaande 1959, Dandago teddinaama e tiitoonde Ofisee Ordre de l'Empire britannique. == Wade == O sankii ko e lewru abriil, hitaande 1977, o woni hooreejo diiwaan Jahun. == Tuugnorgal == 3b2qac2i6wuvz46lvah7o70wqt3qtk5 177547 177546 2026-06-30T16:07:33Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bello Dandago''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati Chief Whip, ɓaawo man o laati cukko hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Skiar|first=Richard L.|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=1592212093|page=517}}</ref> Bello Dandago jibinaa ko hitaande 1908 to Kano, o woniino jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu, o woniino jaayndeyaagal e rajo, o woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder fedde yimɓe leydi Najeriya, o woniino laamɗo aadaaji ɗo o wonnoo gooto e waɗooɓe laamɗo e nder Emirate Kano..<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Abdulkadir|first1=A. T.|title=Makers of Northern Nigeria|last2=A. A.|first2=Maradun|last3=Babajo|first3=Mustafa|publisher=De Imam Ventures|year=2004|page=56}}</ref> == Jaangirde == O janngi duɗal diiwaan Kano (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rumfa, Kano) hakkunde 1922 e 1927 o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina lollungal e hitaande 1927 o timmini ɗum e hitaande 1932. == Kugal == O jannginii e duɗal hakkundeewal gila 1932 haa 1941 caggal ɗuum o wonti jaayndeyaagal hakkunde leyɗeele gadano North gila 1941 haa 1944 nde kanko e Isa Kaita ɓe ngolli to Zoy ko jaayndeeji e ofiseeji porogaraamuuji to Accra Ghana. Nde rewooɓe Gaskiya Oropnaaɓe njilliima ɓe to Ganaa, ɓe mbaɗii yeewtere e ɗemngal Hausa. Hoɗɓe ɓee paami no jaayndiyankooɓe ɗiɗo ɓee mbaɗiri golle maantiniiɗe, ɓe keɓii innde mawnde e nder yimɓe nokku oo. Ɓe njettii kadi wonde Dandago « ina waawi ranwinde jaayndeyaagal gadanal e kala ɗemngal ». O wonti gardiiɗo suudu (Studio Manager) e ofisee jaayndeeji e nder sarwisaaji peccitagol rajooji RDS to Kano tuggi 1944 haa 1948. == Politik == Caggal duuɓi golle politik, Dandago suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam lomtaade Gwarzo Fuɗnaange e les njiimaandi NPC, hono Kongres yimɓe worgo. O meeɗiino wonde hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji, caggal ɗuum o wonti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji tuggi 1963 haa 1966. == Tiitoonde Aada == O toɗɗaa hooreejo Ward (Wakili) gure yaasi wuro Kano, darnde nde o joginoo gila 1948 haa 1952. O artiraa Sarkin Dawaki Mai Tuta hooreejo diiwaan Jahun e hitaande 1952, tiitoonde nde o joginoo haa o maayi. == Njeenaaje == E hitaande 1959, Dandago teddinaama e tiitoonde Ofisee Ordre de l'Empire britannique. == Wade == O sankii ko e lewru abriil, hitaande 1977, o woni hooreejo diiwaan Jahun. == Tuugnorgal == klcqrjt8h0b2vpnd9b23vtlxowuog3j 177548 177547 2026-06-30T16:10:09Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bello Dandago''' ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati Chief Whip, ɓaawo man o laati cukko hooreejo suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Skiar|first=Richard L.|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|publisher=Africa World Press|year=2004|isbn=1592212093|page=517}}</ref> Bello Dandago jibinaa ko hitaande 1908 to Kano, o woniino jannginoowo e nder suudu janngirdu, o woniino jaayndeyaagal e rajo, o woniino tergal tiiɗngal e nder fedde yimɓe leydi Najeriya, o woniino laamɗo aadaaji ɗo o wonnoo gooto e waɗooɓe laamɗo e nder Emirate Kano..<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Abdulkadir|first1=A. T.|title=Makers of Northern Nigeria|last2=A. A.|first2=Maradun|last3=Babajo|first3=Mustafa|publisher=De Imam Ventures|year=2004|page=56}}</ref> == Jaangirde == O janngi duɗal diiwaan Kano (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rumfa, Kano) hakkunde 1922 e 1927 o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Katsina lollungal e hitaande 1927 o timmini ɗum e hitaande 1932.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=East|first=R. M.|date=1943|title=Recent Activities of the Literature Bureau, Zaria, Northern Nigeria|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/1156385|journal=International African Institute|volume=14|issue=2|pages=75–76|doi=10.2307/1156385|jstor=1156385|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=BLERF|date=2016|title=Bello, Alhaji Dandago|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/alhaji-bello-dandago-mp-o-b-e/|website=Biographical Legacy & Research Foundation, Nigeria}}</ref> == Kugal == O jannginii e duɗal hakkundeewal gila 1932 haa 1941 caggal ɗuum o wonti jaayndeyaagal hakkunde leyɗeele gadano North gila 1941 haa 1944 nde kanko e Isa Kaita ɓe ngolli to Zoy ko jaayndeeji e ofiseeji porogaraamuuji to Accra Ghana. Nde rewooɓe Gaskiya Oropnaaɓe njilliima ɓe to Ganaa, ɓe mbaɗii yeewtere e ɗemngal Hausa. Hoɗɓe ɓee paami no jaayndiyankooɓe ɗiɗo ɓee mbaɗiri golle maantiniiɗe, ɓe keɓii innde mawnde e nder yimɓe nokku oo. Ɓe njettii kadi wonde Dandago « ina waawi ranwinde jaayndeyaagal gadanal e kala ɗemngal ». O wonti gardiiɗo suudu (Studio Manager) e ofisee jaayndeeji e nder sarwisaaji peccitagol rajooji RDS to Kano tuggi 1944 haa 1948. == Politik == Caggal duuɓi golle politik, Dandago suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam lomtaade Gwarzo Fuɗnaange e les njiimaandi NPC, hono Kongres yimɓe worgo. O meeɗiino wonde hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji, caggal ɗuum o wonti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji tuggi 1963 haa 1966. == Tiitoonde Aada == O toɗɗaa hooreejo Ward (Wakili) gure yaasi wuro Kano, darnde nde o joginoo gila 1948 haa 1952. O artiraa Sarkin Dawaki Mai Tuta hooreejo diiwaan Jahun e hitaande 1952, tiitoonde nde o joginoo haa o maayi. == Njeenaaje == E hitaande 1959, Dandago teddinaama e tiitoonde Ofisee Ordre de l'Empire britannique. == Wade == O sankii ko e lewru abriil, hitaande 1977, o woni hooreejo diiwaan Jahun. == Tuugnorgal == phcauoqhzwqmteqvb2v2zzz5x3rtvyt 0 42852 177544 2026-06-30T16:02:56Z Bin Hassaini 14172 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/587624|Avril (mawaƙiya)]]" 177544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Avril_Lavigne_in_Hongkong_Press.JPG|thumb|Avirilaku]] [[File:Avril_Lavigne_in_Brasilia_-_2014_-_2_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Avirilaku]] Judith Nyambura Mwangi (jibinaa ko ñalnde 30 abriil 1986), ɓurɗo anndeede e innde mum Avril, ko jimoowo-winndoowo, fiyoowo, weltinoowo leydi Keñiya . Jooni o siifondirii e Ogopa Deejays, gooto e peewnitooɓe jimɗi e leppi ɓurɗi mawnude e leydi Keña. Ko o jimoowo, o ɓuri anndeede ko e jimɗi « Mama », « Kitu Kimoja », « Chokoza » e « Hakuna Yule ». Ko o fijoowo, o ɓuri anndeede ko e fiyde Miss B'Have e nder filmo Shuga: Yiɗde, Jokkondiral, Kaalis (2012). Darnde Avril e nder dingiral pijirlooji leydi Keñiya, addani mo heɓde njeenaari Nzumari, njeenaari Kisma Music, njeenaari Golden Mic e njeenaari ɗiɗi Chaguo La Teeniez == Nguurndam e golle == Avril jibinaa, mawni ko to Nakuru, laamorgo leydi Rift Valley. O woniino e golle dingiral e kewuuji nde o woni e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Avril caggal ɗuum arti [[Nairobi]] ngam jokkude jaŋde mum. E hitaande 2005, o naati e porogaraam Jaza Lorry, o hawri e gardiiɗo Emmanuel Banda mo Ogopa Deejays Productions. Hay so Banda etinooma faamnude mo ngam naatde e dingiral jimɗi, Avril ina sikki e oon sahaa. O winnditii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nairobi e hitaande 2006, o janngi naalankaagal. O waɗti hakkille makko e jimɗi e nder hitaande makko ɗiɗmere to UoN, o winndi heen jimɗi makko gadani "Mama" caggal nde o siifondiri e Ogopa Deejays nanondiral jimɗi; jimol ngol yalti ko e hitaande 2009, ngol neldaa e rajooji e nder leydi Kenya fof. Avril yalti caggal ɗuum e jaaynde Kolonel Mustafa « Mtaani dot com » (heen sahaaji ina winndee « mtaani.com »). Wideyoo "Mtaani dot com" yalti, waɗtaa e Youtube ñalnde 15 oktoobar 2009. [[File:Avril_Lavigne_Shanghai_2011_cropped.jpg|thumb|Avirilaku]] Avril ummii e lollude ko e gollondiral mum e AY e hitaande 2010, "Leo" (Remix). Gollal e jimoowo Sudaannaajo biyeteeɗo Lam, tiitoonde mum ko "Changes" yalti to leydi Sudaan. E lewru noowammbar 2010, o naati e jimɗi Marya kesi "Chokoza" ; jimɗi ɗii njalti ko e weltaare mawnde, keɓii kadi yeewtere mawnde e rajo. Ñalnde 31 lewru bowte hitaande 2012, Avril yaltinii jimɗi mum « Kitu Kimoja ». Wideyoo jimɗi ɗii mbaɗaama to nokku restoraaji to keerol leydi Keñiya. E lewru feebariyee 2013, Avril yaltinii « Hakuna Yule ». E lewru Yarkomaa 2014, o yeddi haalaaji jowitiiɗi e yaltude makko e Ogopa Deejays, o wiyi wonde jokkondiral makko e ardiiɓe lefol ngol tuugii ko e paamondiral. E lewru marse 2014, Avril yalti e jimɗi Boomba Boyz 2014 "Piga Kengele". E lewru sulyee 2014, o waɗii jimɗi e nder dingiral Tusker Meru 7 caggal fedde. === Kugal === ==== 2011-12: ''Shuga: Yiɗde, Jokkondiral, Kaalis'' ==== [[File:2005-3-29_Avril_Live_in_Taipei_054.jpg|thumb|Avirilaku]] Avril waɗii yeewtere mum adannde e nder daawal ɗiɗaɓal teleeji, ''Shuga'' . O waɗii darnde Miss B'Have, jimoowo lolluɗo, goongɗinɗo no feewi dewgal gootol. O waɗi kadi Belinda, jikku tokooso. O rokkaama geɗe ɗee caggal nde o waɗi audition ngam waɗde eɓɓoore ndee. E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e hitaande 2012 e ''Capital Lifestyle'', Avril wiyi wonde fiyde geɗe ɗiɗi ɗee fof ko safaara, kadi filmude filmo oo ko huunde welnde sabu jikkuuji ɗi o wondunoo e hoodere makko Nick Mutuma . O wiyi kadi wonde feeñde e seppo ngoo ina siftina mo batte VIH/SIDA . ==== 2013-14: ''Nokku kaŋŋe'' (duuɓi 5) ==== E lewru feebariyee 2013, Laura Walubengo mo Afrik Magic habri wonde Avril naatii e ''fedde'' M-Net . O waɗii darnde Corrine, yeeyoowo dorog. == Batte jimɗi e golle moƴƴe == [[File:Avril_Lavigne_-_12_September_2011.jpg|thumb|Avirilaku]] Avril hollitii Amani, Blu 3, Tiwa Savage, Liquideep, Alisiya Keys e Beyonce ko naalankooɓe ɓe o heɓi heen miijo. O siftinii kadi [[Michael Jackson]], Kenny Rogers, Alisiya Keys e Beyonce ko naalankooɓe teskinaaɓe. Iwdi makko e binndol e ƴettugol jimɗi ummorii ko e ko o dañi e nguurndam makko. Avril ina jeyaa e kampaañuuji keewɗi ngam wallitde, ina jeyaa heen kampaañ jam Chagua Amani e fedde leydi Kenya. E lewru feebariyee 2015, o jeyaa ko e ammbasadeeruuji Fuɗnaange Afrik wonande Oriflame [[Suwed]], e kampaañ AMREF ngam hisnude yumma Afrik. == Disko == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Hittande ! Hoore ! Albom ! Ref. |- | rowspan="2" | 2009 | "Daada" | rowspan="2" | Alaa albom gooto | |- | "Mtaani dot com" <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kolonel Mustafaa e Avril)</span> | |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 |<nowiki> data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A</nowiki> | |- | "Chokoza" <span style="font-size:85%;">(Maryam ina wondi e Avril)</span> | Alaa albom gooto | |- | 2012 |<nowiki> rowspan="7" data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | TBA</nowiki> | |- | 2013 | "Hakuna Yule" | |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 | "Piga Kengele" <span style="font-size:85%;">(Boomba Boyz e Avril)</span> | |- | "Mi yi'i mo" | |- | rowspan="3" | 2015 | "A jaaraama ɓiɗɗo" <span style="font-size:85%;">(Avril ina wondi e Ommy Dimpoz)</span> | |- | "Ninaweza" <span style="font-size:85%;">(Avril ina waɗi mboddi-kaka sungura)</span> | |- | "Alaa ko hulɓinii" <span style="font-size:85%;">(Avril ina wondi e AY)</span> | |- |} == Filmuuji == === Filmuuji === {| border="3" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! colspan="5" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" |Teleeji |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Hittande ! width="200" | Hoore ! width="200" | Jonde ! width="200" | Teskorɗe ! Ref. |- ! 2012 | ''Maali'' | Atiya | Fuɗɗito-ɗee e jimɗi ɗii | |- ! 2013 | ''Hoore'' | Miss B'Have / Belinda | Fulɓe mawɓe (Daawal 2) | |- ! 2013 – jooni | ''Tooke kaalis'' | Hawaa | Fulɓe mawɓe | |- ! 2014 | ''Kaŋŋe ɓurɗo heewde'' | Korin | Limre yiyooɓe (Season 5) | |- ! 2015-2016 | ''Skandaluuji Kibao'' | Rawandu | Fulɓe mawɓe | |- ! 2017 | ''Varsita'' | Boɗeejo | Darnde koɗo | |- ! 2017 | ''Neene Neene!'' | | 1 yeewtere | |} == Dokke e ƴellitaare == {| class="wikitable" !Hittande ! Mofturde ! Irin ! Jaɓɓoowo ! Njeñtudi ndii ! Ref. |- | rowspan="3" | 2010 | Njeenaaje Wideyooji Channel O | Ko ɓuri moƴƴude e Wideyoo Fuɗnaange |<nowiki> style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="no table-no2"|Ayyanawa</nowiki> | |- | Njeenaaje jimɗi Afrik e internet | Blend Afrik ɓurɗo moƴƴude | {{nom}} | |- | Njeenaaje Nzumari | Naalankooɓe Rewɓe ɓurɓe moƴƴude | rowspan="11" | Kanko {{Won}} | rowspan="3" | |- | rowspan="5" | 2011 | Njeenaari Chaguo La Teeniez | {{Won}} |- | Njeenaaje Mic kaŋŋe | {{Won}} |- | Njeenaari cuɓaaɗo sukaaɓe | rowspan="2" |<nowiki> Sukaaɓe Rewɓe ɓurɓe yooɗde| </nowiki>{{Won}} | rowspan="3" | |- |<nowiki> style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="no table-no2"|Ayyanawa</nowiki> |- | Njeenaaje Nzumari |<nowiki> style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="no table-no2"|Ayyanawa</nowiki> |- | rowspan="2" | 2012 | Njeenaari jimɗi Kisima | {{Won}} | |- | Njeenaari Chaguo La Teeniez | {{Won}} | |- | 2015 | Njeenaari Wideyoo Pulse | {{Won}} | |- | 2016 | Dokkal Retireede |<nowiki> data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A</nowiki> | |- | 2018 | Dokkal ngal Mdundo |<nowiki> style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="no table-no2"|Ayyanawa</nowiki> | |} [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] p4o0s1864g6nry0ig1kql2kbu1kpuf2 0 42853 177549 2026-06-30T16:15:37Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177549 wikitext text/x-wiki Moses Da Rocha (lewru Yarkomaa 1875 – lewru Mee 1942) ko doktoor, jaayndiyanke e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O jeyaa ko e safrooɓe heewɓe ko wayi no Africanus Horton, Orisadipe Obasa e John K. Randle hawruɓe e golle safaara e politik. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ko adii suɓol nder suudu sarɗiiji. Ngendam Da Rocha jibinaa ko to Lagos e nder galle Senhor Joao Esan da Rocha e Angelica Nogeira ɓe ngonnoo ko jiyaaɓe ɓooyɓe artuɓe ummoriiɓe Beresiil. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo tataɓo e ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo e nder galle joy; ɓiɗɗo gadano oo ko joom leydi Candido Da Rocha. Da Rocha janngi nder duɗe leslese seɗɗa haa Lagos ngam jannguki janngirde 1880 bana Hiisawal, Engele, taariiha Orop e geography e binndi. Hakkunde 1883 e 1884, o woniino to Duɗal Wesleyan, Tinubu, Lagos, ndeen C.M.S. Faji (1886) e timmini jaŋde leslesre to duɗal katolik St Xavier (1886-1888). Ndeen o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere, to CMS o wonnoo ko e yontaaji makko e Richard Akinwande Savage, S.J. Gansallo, Erik Moore, M.S. Kole e J.T. Nelson Koolaaɗo. Da Rocha mawni ko e katolik kono to C.M.S., o feeñninaama janngude e nder duɗal Protestan en. Mawɗo duɗal ngal ko Rev Isaac Oluwole e nder jannginooɓe makko ko Henry Rawlingson Carr. To C.M.S., o woniino jaaynde duɗal ngal wiyeteende Grammarian kadi o wondi sehil moƴƴo e Dick Blaize, ɓiy Richard Beale Blaize.O timmini jaŋde makko to C.M.S. e hitaande 1893 caggal ɗuum o yahi golloyaade e janngoowo safaara e opitaal koloñaal, Lagos tuggi 1894 haa 1895. E hitaande 1896, o ummii e daande maayo Lagos ngam janngude safaara to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh kono caggal hitaande, o woppi jaŋde o suɓii golle jaayndeyaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino e yiɗde jaayndeyaagal hay so tawii ko nde o janngata safaara to Edinburgh ; o winndi binndanɗe yaltuɗe e jaaynde Lagos Weekly Record, Echo Lagos e Standard Lagos kadi o woniino binndoowo fedde Afriknaare nde Henry Sylvester Williams ardii. E hitaande 1895, nde o woni Lagos, o winndi ɓataakeeji ɗiɗi feewde e Earl of Rosebery ngam dañde jaabawuuli. Caggal nde o woppi jaŋde safaara, o suɓii ko golle jaayndiyankaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino winndiyanke e jaayndiyanke e nder jaayɗe Edinburgh Evening News, London New Age, Ameriknaajo koloñaal, Spectator Afrik worgo e Mail Afrik.Da Rocha huutoriima ɓataakeeji mum ngam hollirde miijooji mum e geɗe keewɗe haa arti noon e luural makko e no Angalteer waɗiri Oba Overami. Kono e hitaande 1908, e dow tiiɗnaare sehilaaɓe e galle, o arti e jaŋde makko safaara, o heɓi seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1913. O arti e leydi Nijeer, o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder leydi makko. Da Rocha ko katolik cemmbinɗo kadi won e binndanɗe makko ina njokki e dogmaaji kerecee en e katolik en ina heen ñiŋde ɓe ngonaa katolik en. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ngam semmbiɗinki sukaaɓe Naajeeriya ngam ɓe nasta nder ɓamtaare lesdi ndi'i. Hay so tawii lannda kaa rokkaani kanndidaaji ngam suɓaade leƴƴi, fedde ndee dañaani heen darnde e etaade Da Rocha ngam yuɓɓinde fedde Macaulay e Egerton Shyngle e J.K. Randle e Kitoyi Ajasa e Obasa e David Taylor alaa ɗo njahi. Tuugnorgal mdcdoi1a9q9svd1gh4vlvn7gjpndh21 177550 177549 2026-06-30T16:17:45Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Moses Da Rocha (lewru Yarkomaa 1875 – lewru Mee 1942) ko doktoor, jaayndiyanke e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O jeyaa ko e safrooɓe heewɓe ko wayi no Africanus Horton, Orisadipe Obasa e John K. Randle hawruɓe e golle safaara e politik. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ko adii suɓol nder suudu sarɗiiji. Ngendam Da Rocha jibinaa ko to Lagos e nder galle Senhor Joao Esan da Rocha e Angelica Nogeira ɓe ngonnoo ko jiyaaɓe ɓooyɓe artuɓe ummoriiɓe Beresiil. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo tataɓo e ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo e nder galle joy; ɓiɗɗo gadano oo ko joom leydi Candido Da Rocha. Da Rocha janngi nder duɗe leslese seɗɗa haa Lagos ngam jannguki janngirde 1880 bana Hiisawal, Engele, taariiha Orop e geography e binndi. Hakkunde 1883 e 1884, o woniino to Duɗal Wesleyan, Tinubu, Lagos, ndeen C.M.S. Faji (1886) e timmini jaŋde leslesre to duɗal katolik St Xavier (1886-1888). Ndeen o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere, to CMS o wonnoo ko e yontaaji makko e Richard Akinwande Savage, S.J. Gansallo, Erik Moore, M.S. Kole e J.T. Nelson Koolaaɗo. Da Rocha mawni ko e katolik kono to C.M.S., o feeñninaama janngude e nder duɗal Protestan en. Mawɗo duɗal ngal ko Rev Isaac Oluwole e nder jannginooɓe makko ko Henry Rawlingson Carr. To C.M.S., o woniino jaaynde duɗal ngal wiyeteende Grammarian kadi o wondi sehil moƴƴo e Dick Blaize, ɓiy Richard Beale Blaize.O timmini jaŋde makko to C.M.S. e hitaande 1893 caggal ɗuum o yahi golloyaade e janngoowo safaara e opitaal koloñaal, Lagos tuggi 1894 haa 1895. E hitaande 1896, o ummii e daande maayo Lagos ngam janngude safaara to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh kono caggal hitaande, o woppi jaŋde o suɓii golle jaayndeyaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino e yiɗde jaayndeyaagal hay so tawii ko nde o janngata safaara to Edinburgh ; o winndi binndanɗe yaltuɗe e jaaynde Lagos Weekly Record, Echo Lagos e Standard Lagos kadi o woniino binndoowo fedde Afriknaare nde Henry Sylvester Williams ardii. E hitaande 1895, nde o woni Lagos, o winndi ɓataakeeji ɗiɗi feewde e Earl of Rosebery ngam dañde jaabawuuli. Caggal nde o woppi jaŋde safaara, o suɓii ko golle jaayndiyankaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino winndiyanke e jaayndiyanke e nder jaayɗe Edinburgh Evening News, London New Age, Ameriknaajo koloñaal, Spectator Afrik worgo e Mail Afrik.Da Rocha huutoriima ɓataakeeji mum ngam hollirde miijooji mum e geɗe keewɗe haa arti noon e luural makko e no Angalteer waɗiri Oba Overami. Kono e hitaande 1908, e dow tiiɗnaare sehilaaɓe e galle, o arti e jaŋde makko safaara, o heɓi seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1913. O arti e leydi Nijeer, o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder leydi makko. Da Rocha ko katolik cemmbinɗo kadi won e binndanɗe makko ina njokki e dogmaaji kerecee en e katolik en ina heen ñiŋde ɓe ngonaa katolik en. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ngam semmbiɗinki sukaaɓe Naajeeriya ngam ɓe nasta nder ɓamtaare lesdi ndi'i. Hay so tawii lannda kaa rokkaani kanndidaaji ngam suɓaade leƴƴi, fedde ndee dañaani heen darnde e etaade Da Rocha ngam yuɓɓinde fedde Macaulay e Egerton Shyngle e J.K. Randle e Kitoyi Ajasa e Obasa e David Taylor alaa ɗo njahi. Tuugnorgal k8d7kkdzadgd7vdaph951kk7uy7ydgh 177552 177550 2026-06-30T16:19:32Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Moses Da Rocha (lewru Yarkomaa 1875 – lewru Mee 1942) ko doktoor, jaayndiyanke e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O jeyaa ko e safrooɓe heewɓe ko wayi no Africanus Horton, Orisadipe Obasa e John K. Randle hawruɓe e golle safaara e politik. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ko adii suɓol nder suudu sarɗiiji. == Ngendam == Da Rocha jibinaa ko to Lagos e nder galle Senhor Joao Esan da Rocha e Angelica Nogeira ɓe ngonnoo ko jiyaaɓe ɓooyɓe artuɓe ummoriiɓe Beresiil. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo tataɓo e ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo e nder galle joy; ɓiɗɗo gadano oo ko joom leydi Candido Da Rocha. Da Rocha janngi nder duɗe leslese seɗɗa haa Lagos ngam jannguki janngirde 1880 bana Hiisawal, Engele, taariiha Orop e geography e binndi. Hakkunde 1883 e 1884, o woniino to Duɗal Wesleyan, Tinubu, Lagos, ndeen C.M.S. Faji (1886) e timmini jaŋde leslesre to duɗal katolik St Xavier (1886-1888). Ndeen o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere, to CMS o wonnoo ko e yontaaji makko e Richard Akinwande Savage, S.J. Gansallo, Erik Moore, M.S. Kole e J.T. Nelson Koolaaɗo. Da Rocha mawni ko e katolik kono to C.M.S., o feeñninaama janngude e nder duɗal Protestan en. Mawɗo duɗal ngal ko Rev Isaac Oluwole e nder jannginooɓe makko ko Henry Rawlingson Carr. To C.M.S., o woniino jaaynde duɗal ngal wiyeteende Grammarian kadi o wondi sehil moƴƴo e Dick Blaize, ɓiy Richard Beale Blaize.O timmini jaŋde makko to C.M.S. e hitaande 1893 caggal ɗuum o yahi golloyaade e janngoowo safaara e opitaal koloñaal, Lagos tuggi 1894 haa 1895. E hitaande 1896, o ummii e daande maayo Lagos ngam janngude safaara to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh kono caggal hitaande, o woppi jaŋde o suɓii golle jaayndeyaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino e yiɗde jaayndeyaagal hay so tawii ko nde o janngata safaara to Edinburgh ; o winndi binndanɗe yaltuɗe e jaaynde Lagos Weekly Record, Echo Lagos e Standard Lagos kadi o woniino binndoowo fedde Afriknaare nde Henry Sylvester Williams ardii. E hitaande 1895, nde o woni Lagos, o winndi ɓataakeeji ɗiɗi feewde e Earl of Rosebery ngam dañde jaabawuuli. Caggal nde o woppi jaŋde safaara, o suɓii ko golle jaayndiyankaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino winndiyanke e jaayndiyanke e nder jaayɗe Edinburgh Evening News, London New Age, Ameriknaajo koloñaal, Spectator Afrik worgo e Mail Afrik.Da Rocha huutoriima ɓataakeeji mum ngam hollirde miijooji mum e geɗe keewɗe haa arti noon e luural makko e no Angalteer waɗiri Oba Overami. Kono e hitaande 1908, e dow tiiɗnaare sehilaaɓe e galle, o arti e jaŋde makko safaara, o heɓi seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1913. O arti e leydi Nijeer, o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder leydi makko. Da Rocha ko katolik cemmbinɗo kadi won e binndanɗe makko ina njokki e dogmaaji kerecee en e katolik en ina heen ñiŋde ɓe ngonaa katolik en. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ngam semmbiɗinki sukaaɓe Naajeeriya ngam ɓe nasta nder ɓamtaare lesdi ndi'i. Hay so tawii lannda kaa rokkaani kanndidaaji ngam suɓaade leƴƴi, fedde ndee dañaani heen darnde e etaade Da Rocha ngam yuɓɓinde fedde Macaulay e Egerton Shyngle e J.K. Randle e Kitoyi Ajasa e Obasa e David Taylor alaa ɗo njahi. == Tuugnorgal == 4gv97hkgsa29nnnp8524wn7lvufguol 177553 177552 2026-06-30T16:20:11Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moses Da Rocha''' (lewru Yarkomaa 1875 – lewru Mee 1942) ko doktoor, jaayndiyanke e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O jeyaa ko e safrooɓe heewɓe ko wayi no Africanus Horton, Orisadipe Obasa e John K. Randle hawruɓe e golle safaara e politik. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ko adii suɓol nder suudu sarɗiiji. == Ngendam == Da Rocha jibinaa ko to Lagos e nder galle Senhor Joao Esan da Rocha e Angelica Nogeira ɓe ngonnoo ko jiyaaɓe ɓooyɓe artuɓe ummoriiɓe Beresiil. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo tataɓo e ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo e nder galle joy; ɓiɗɗo gadano oo ko joom leydi Candido Da Rocha. Da Rocha janngi nder duɗe leslese seɗɗa haa Lagos ngam jannguki janngirde 1880 bana Hiisawal, Engele, taariiha Orop e geography e binndi. Hakkunde 1883 e 1884, o woniino to Duɗal Wesleyan, Tinubu, Lagos, ndeen C.M.S. Faji (1886) e timmini jaŋde leslesre to duɗal katolik St Xavier (1886-1888). Ndeen o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere, to CMS o wonnoo ko e yontaaji makko e Richard Akinwande Savage, S.J. Gansallo, Erik Moore, M.S. Kole e J.T. Nelson Koolaaɗo. Da Rocha mawni ko e katolik kono to C.M.S., o feeñninaama janngude e nder duɗal Protestan en. Mawɗo duɗal ngal ko Rev Isaac Oluwole e nder jannginooɓe makko ko Henry Rawlingson Carr. To C.M.S., o woniino jaaynde duɗal ngal wiyeteende Grammarian kadi o wondi sehil moƴƴo e Dick Blaize, ɓiy Richard Beale Blaize.O timmini jaŋde makko to C.M.S. e hitaande 1893 caggal ɗuum o yahi golloyaade e janngoowo safaara e opitaal koloñaal, Lagos tuggi 1894 haa 1895. E hitaande 1896, o ummii e daande maayo Lagos ngam janngude safaara to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh kono caggal hitaande, o woppi jaŋde o suɓii golle jaayndeyaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino e yiɗde jaayndeyaagal hay so tawii ko nde o janngata safaara to Edinburgh ; o winndi binndanɗe yaltuɗe e jaaynde Lagos Weekly Record, Echo Lagos e Standard Lagos kadi o woniino binndoowo fedde Afriknaare nde Henry Sylvester Williams ardii. E hitaande 1895, nde o woni Lagos, o winndi ɓataakeeji ɗiɗi feewde e Earl of Rosebery ngam dañde jaabawuuli. Caggal nde o woppi jaŋde safaara, o suɓii ko golle jaayndiyankaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino winndiyanke e jaayndiyanke e nder jaayɗe Edinburgh Evening News, London New Age, Ameriknaajo koloñaal, Spectator Afrik worgo e Mail Afrik.Da Rocha huutoriima ɓataakeeji mum ngam hollirde miijooji mum e geɗe keewɗe haa arti noon e luural makko e no Angalteer waɗiri Oba Overami. Kono e hitaande 1908, e dow tiiɗnaare sehilaaɓe e galle, o arti e jaŋde makko safaara, o heɓi seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1913. O arti e leydi Nijeer, o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder leydi makko. Da Rocha ko katolik cemmbinɗo kadi won e binndanɗe makko ina njokki e dogmaaji kerecee en e katolik en ina heen ñiŋde ɓe ngonaa katolik en. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ngam semmbiɗinki sukaaɓe Naajeeriya ngam ɓe nasta nder ɓamtaare lesdi ndi'i. Hay so tawii lannda kaa rokkaani kanndidaaji ngam suɓaade leƴƴi, fedde ndee dañaani heen darnde e etaade Da Rocha ngam yuɓɓinde fedde Macaulay e Egerton Shyngle e J.K. Randle e Kitoyi Ajasa e Obasa e David Taylor alaa ɗo njahi. == Tuugnorgal == gvkpuf34aik9ney9p66rzpdbie8zx49 177554 177553 2026-06-30T16:23:05Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moses Da Rocha''' (lewru Yarkomaa 1875 – lewru Mee 1942) ko doktoor, jaayndiyanke e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O jeyaa ko e safrooɓe heewɓe ko wayi no Africanus Horton, Orisadipe Obasa e John K. Randle hawruɓe e golle safaara e politik. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ko adii suɓol nder suudu sarɗiiji.<ref name="Gwam">{{cite journal|last=Gwam|first=Lloyd|date=1968|title=The Writings of Dr Moses Joao da Rocha|journal=Ibadan: A Journal Published at University College|publisher=University of Ibadan|issue=25|pages=41–43}}</ref> == Ngendam == Da Rocha jibinaa ko to Lagos e nder galle Senhor Joao Esan da Rocha e Angelica Nogeira ɓe ngonnoo ko jiyaaɓe ɓooyɓe artuɓe ummoriiɓe Beresiil. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo tataɓo e ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo e nder galle joy; ɓiɗɗo gadano oo ko joom leydi Candido Da Rocha. Da Rocha janngi nder duɗe leslese seɗɗa haa Lagos ngam jannguki janngirde 1880 bana Hiisawal, Engele, taariiha Orop e geography e binndi. Hakkunde 1883 e 1884, o woniino to Duɗal Wesleyan, Tinubu, Lagos, ndeen C.M.S. Faji (1886) e timmini jaŋde leslesre to duɗal katolik St Xavier (1886-1888). Ndeen o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere, to CMS o wonnoo ko e yontaaji makko e Richard Akinwande Savage, S.J. Gansallo, Erik Moore, M.S. Kole e J.T. Nelson Koolaaɗo. Da Rocha mawni ko e katolik kono to C.M.S., o feeñninaama janngude e nder duɗal Protestan en. Mawɗo duɗal ngal ko Rev Isaac Oluwole e nder jannginooɓe makko ko Henry Rawlingson Carr. To C.M.S., o woniino jaaynde duɗal ngal wiyeteende Grammarian kadi o wondi sehil moƴƴo e Dick Blaize, ɓiy Richard Beale Blaize.O timmini jaŋde makko to C.M.S. e hitaande 1893 caggal ɗuum o yahi golloyaade e janngoowo safaara e opitaal koloñaal, Lagos tuggi 1894 haa 1895. E hitaande 1896, o ummii e daande maayo Lagos ngam janngude safaara to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh kono caggal hitaande, o woppi jaŋde o suɓii golle jaayndeyaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino e yiɗde jaayndeyaagal hay so tawii ko nde o janngata safaara to Edinburgh ; o winndi binndanɗe yaltuɗe e jaaynde Lagos Weekly Record, Echo Lagos e Standard Lagos kadi o woniino binndoowo fedde Afriknaare nde Henry Sylvester Williams ardii. E hitaande 1895, nde o woni Lagos, o winndi ɓataakeeji ɗiɗi feewde e Earl of Rosebery ngam dañde jaabawuuli. Caggal nde o woppi jaŋde safaara, o suɓii ko golle jaayndiyankaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino winndiyanke e jaayndiyanke e nder jaayɗe Edinburgh Evening News, London New Age, Ameriknaajo koloñaal, Spectator Afrik worgo e Mail Afrik.Da Rocha huutoriima ɓataakeeji mum ngam hollirde miijooji mum e geɗe keewɗe haa arti noon e luural makko e no Angalteer waɗiri Oba Overami. Kono e hitaande 1908, e dow tiiɗnaare sehilaaɓe e galle, o arti e jaŋde makko safaara, o heɓi seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1913. O arti e leydi Nijeer, o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder leydi makko. Da Rocha ko katolik cemmbinɗo kadi won e binndanɗe makko ina njokki e dogmaaji kerecee en e katolik en ina heen ñiŋde ɓe ngonaa katolik en. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ngam semmbiɗinki sukaaɓe Naajeeriya ngam ɓe nasta nder ɓamtaare lesdi ndi'i. Hay so tawii lannda kaa rokkaani kanndidaaji ngam suɓaade leƴƴi, fedde ndee dañaani heen darnde e etaade Da Rocha ngam yuɓɓinde fedde Macaulay e Egerton Shyngle e J.K. Randle e Kitoyi Ajasa e Obasa e David Taylor alaa ɗo njahi. == Tuugnorgal == l0xm2gqgd9u20bcdxxg0rl130b0xa4o 177555 177554 2026-06-30T16:26:31Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moses Da Rocha''' (lewru Yarkomaa 1875 – lewru Mee 1942) ko doktoor, jaayndiyanke e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O jeyaa ko e safrooɓe heewɓe ko wayi no Africanus Horton, Orisadipe Obasa e John K. Randle hawruɓe e golle safaara e politik. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ko adii suɓol nder suudu sarɗiiji.<ref name="Gwam">{{cite journal|last=Gwam|first=Lloyd|date=1968|title=The Writings of Dr Moses Joao da Rocha|journal=Ibadan: A Journal Published at University College|publisher=University of Ibadan|issue=25|pages=41–43}}</ref> == Ngendam == Da Rocha jibinaa ko to Lagos e nder galle Senhor Joao Esan da Rocha e Angelica Nogeira ɓe ngonnoo ko jiyaaɓe ɓooyɓe artuɓe ummoriiɓe Beresiil. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo tataɓo e ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo e nder galle joy; ɓiɗɗo gadano oo ko joom leydi Candido Da Rocha. Da Rocha janngi nder duɗe leslese seɗɗa haa Lagos ngam jannguki janngirde 1880 bana Hiisawal, Engele, taariiha Orop e geography e binndi. Hakkunde 1883 e 1884, o woniino to Duɗal Wesleyan, Tinubu, Lagos, ndeen C.M.S. Faji (1886) e timmini jaŋde leslesre to duɗal katolik St Xavier (1886-1888). Ndeen o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere, to CMS o wonnoo ko e yontaaji makko e Richard Akinwande Savage, S.J. Gansallo, Erik Moore, M.S. Kole e J.T. Nelson Koolaaɗo. Da Rocha mawni ko e katolik kono to C.M.S., o feeñninaama janngude e nder duɗal Protestan en. Mawɗo duɗal ngal ko Rev Isaac Oluwole e nder jannginooɓe makko ko Henry Rawlingson Carr. To C.M.S., o woniino jaaynde duɗal ngal wiyeteende Grammarian kadi o wondi sehil moƴƴo e Dick Blaize, ɓiy Richard Beale Blaize.O timmini jaŋde makko to C.M.S. e hitaande 1893 caggal ɗuum o yahi golloyaade e janngoowo safaara e opitaal koloñaal, Lagos tuggi 1894 haa 1895.<ref name="AA">David Killingray (Editor). (1994). ''Africans in Britain''. Routledge. P.108</ref> E hitaande 1896, o ummii e daande maayo Lagos ngam janngude safaara to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh kono caggal hitaande, o woppi jaŋde o suɓii golle jaayndeyaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino e yiɗde jaayndeyaagal hay so tawii ko nde o janngata safaara to Edinburgh ; o winndi binndanɗe yaltuɗe e jaaynde Lagos Weekly Record, Echo Lagos e Standard Lagos kadi o woniino binndoowo fedde Afriknaare nde Henry Sylvester Williams ardii. E hitaande 1895, nde o woni Lagos, o winndi ɓataakeeji ɗiɗi feewde e Earl of Rosebery ngam dañde jaabawuuli. Caggal nde o woppi jaŋde safaara, o suɓii ko golle jaayndiyankaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino winndiyanke e jaayndiyanke e nder jaayɗe Edinburgh Evening News, London New Age, Ameriknaajo koloñaal, Spectator Afrik worgo e Mail Afrik.Da Rocha huutoriima ɓataakeeji mum ngam hollirde miijooji mum e geɗe keewɗe haa arti noon e luural makko e no Angalteer waɗiri Oba Overami. Kono e hitaande 1908, e dow tiiɗnaare sehilaaɓe e galle, o arti e jaŋde makko safaara, o heɓi seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1913. O arti e leydi Nijeer, o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder leydi makko. Da Rocha ko katolik cemmbinɗo kadi won e binndanɗe makko ina njokki e dogmaaji kerecee en e katolik en ina heen ñiŋde ɓe ngonaa katolik en. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ngam semmbiɗinki sukaaɓe Naajeeriya ngam ɓe nasta nder ɓamtaare lesdi ndi'i. Hay so tawii lannda kaa rokkaani kanndidaaji ngam suɓaade leƴƴi, fedde ndee dañaani heen darnde e etaade Da Rocha ngam yuɓɓinde fedde Macaulay e Egerton Shyngle e J.K. Randle e Kitoyi Ajasa e Obasa e David Taylor alaa ɗo njahi. == Tuugnorgal == kiokus41k676ywyfe8igdjvqh8qjsxk 177560 177555 2026-06-30T16:30:25Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moses Da Rocha''' (lewru Yarkomaa 1875 – lewru Mee 1942) ko doktoor, jaayndiyanke e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O jeyaa ko e safrooɓe heewɓe ko wayi no Africanus Horton, Orisadipe Obasa e John K. Randle hawruɓe e golle safaara e politik. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ko adii suɓol nder suudu sarɗiiji.<ref name="Gwam">{{cite journal|last=Gwam|first=Lloyd|date=1968|title=The Writings of Dr Moses Joao da Rocha|journal=Ibadan: A Journal Published at University College|publisher=University of Ibadan|issue=25|pages=41–43}}</ref> == Ngendam == Da Rocha jibinaa ko to Lagos e nder galle Senhor Joao Esan da Rocha e Angelica Nogeira ɓe ngonnoo ko jiyaaɓe ɓooyɓe artuɓe ummoriiɓe Beresiil. Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo tataɓo e ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo e nder galle joy; ɓiɗɗo gadano oo ko joom leydi Candido Da Rocha. Da Rocha janngi nder duɗe leslese seɗɗa haa Lagos ngam jannguki janngirde 1880 bana Hiisawal, Engele, taariiha Orop e geography e binndi. Hakkunde 1883 e 1884, o woniino to Duɗal Wesleyan, Tinubu, Lagos, ndeen C.M.S. Faji (1886) e timmini jaŋde leslesre to duɗal katolik St Xavier (1886-1888). Ndeen o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CMS, Lagos ngam jaŋde makko hakkundeere, to CMS o wonnoo ko e yontaaji makko e Richard Akinwande Savage, S.J. Gansallo, Erik Moore, M.S. Kole e J.T. Nelson Koolaaɗo. Da Rocha mawni ko e katolik kono to C.M.S., o feeñninaama janngude e nder duɗal Protestan en. Mawɗo duɗal ngal ko Rev Isaac Oluwole e nder jannginooɓe makko ko Henry Rawlingson Carr. To C.M.S., o woniino jaaynde duɗal ngal wiyeteende Grammarian kadi o wondi sehil moƴƴo e Dick Blaize, ɓiy Richard Beale Blaize.O timmini jaŋde makko to C.M.S. e hitaande 1893 caggal ɗuum o yahi golloyaade e janngoowo safaara e opitaal koloñaal, Lagos tuggi 1894 haa 1895.<ref name="AA">David Killingray (Editor). (1994). ''Africans in Britain''. Routledge. P.108</ref> E hitaande 1896, o ummii e daande maayo Lagos ngam janngude safaara to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh kono caggal hitaande, o woppi jaŋde o suɓii golle jaayndeyaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino e yiɗde jaayndeyaagal hay so tawii ko nde o janngata safaara to Edinburgh ; o winndi binndanɗe yaltuɗe e jaaynde Lagos Weekly Record, Echo Lagos e Standard Lagos kadi o woniino binndoowo fedde Afriknaare nde Henry Sylvester Williams ardii. E hitaande 1895, nde o woni Lagos, o winndi ɓataakeeji ɗiɗi feewde e Earl of Rosebery ngam dañde jaabawuuli..<ref name="Gwam2" /><ref>Coombes, Annie E. 1994. ''Reinventing Africa: museums, material culture, and popular imagination in late Victorian and Edwardian England''. New Haven: Yale University Press</ref> Caggal nde o woppi jaŋde safaara, o suɓii ko golle jaayndiyankaagal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal Afrik. O woniino winndiyanke e jaayndiyanke e nder jaayɗe Edinburgh Evening News, London New Age, Ameriknaajo koloñaal, Spectator Afrik worgo e Mail Afrik.Da Rocha huutoriima ɓataakeeji mum ngam hollirde miijooji mum e geɗe keewɗe haa arti noon e luural makko e no Angalteer waɗiri Oba Overami. Kono e hitaande 1908, e dow tiiɗnaare sehilaaɓe e galle, o arti e jaŋde makko safaara, o heɓi seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1913. O arti e leydi Nijeer, o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder leydi makko. Da Rocha ko katolik cemmbinɗo kadi won e binndanɗe makko ina njokki e dogmaaji kerecee en e katolik en ina heen ñiŋde ɓe ngonaa katolik en. O sosi kawtal sukaaɓe Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1923 ngam semmbiɗinki sukaaɓe Naajeeriya ngam ɓe nasta nder ɓamtaare lesdi ndi'i. Hay so tawii lannda kaa rokkaani kanndidaaji ngam suɓaade leƴƴi, fedde ndee dañaani heen darnde e etaade Da Rocha ngam yuɓɓinde fedde Macaulay e Egerton Shyngle e J.K. Randle e Kitoyi Ajasa e Obasa e David Taylor alaa ɗo njahi. == Tuugnorgal == lc9cfzu1htg8kintv2cngt93cgsft89 0 42854 177551 2026-06-30T16:17:54Z Bin Hassaini 14172 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/792880|Ava Cherry]]" 177551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}ava cherry ko jimoowo e mbaydi ameriknaajo. o gollodiima e jimoowo engele biyeteeɗo david bowie hakkunde 1972 e 1975 ; ɓe ɗiɗo fof kawri ko e wuro new york nde o woni e golle e nder dingiral jamma, bowie ina yahra e njilluuji e nder dingiral “the rise and fall of ziggy stardust” e “spiders from mars” . ndeen ɓe puɗɗiima yonta gollondiral hakkunde yimɓe e naalankaagal, baɗngal faayiida no feewi e yonta "blue-eyed soul" sukaaɓe amerik . caggal ɗuum o ummiima e naalankaagal gootol e jimoowo ballitoowo naalankooɓe hono luther vandross e chaka khan . mawnude to chicago e weltaare e pinal jimɗi afriknaajo-ameriknaajo, cherry wonti batte e nder golle jimɗiyankooɓe heewɓe mawɓe, kadi jimoowo tedduɗo e mbaadi mum. batte cherry e sukaaɓe ameriknaaɓe rewrude e jokkondiral mum e nokkuuji mawɗi ɗo jimɗi njimri ngoni ɗoo, ko wayi no sigma sound studios e apollo theatre, hollitii wonde ko huunde keertiinde e njiimaandi makko, hono no golle makko hannde ɗee e astronettes keso ɗee nii. Golle Cherry e solo mum ko juuti, e albom mum gadano ''Ripe!!!'' being released in 1980. Golle makko solo, ganndiraaɗe batte diskooji, ina njeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, kono ko njulaagu nguu ŋakkaani : geɗe tuumaaɗe e ndeeɗoo luural hakkunde gollotooɓe ina njeyaa heen njiyaagu e nder dingiral jimɗi e ñiŋde jimɗi makko ɓurɗi teeŋtude. E lewru Yarkomaa 2022, o yaltini deftere nguurndam makko, ''Ko woni heen fof ina jalba: daartol Ava Cherry'' . == Nguurndam gadano == Cherry jibinaa ko e hitaande 1953 e nder galle afriknaajo-ameriknaajo to Woodlawn, nokku gollotooɓe to bannge worgo [[Chicago]] . Baaba makko ko golloowo posto e fiyoowo buubaaji, golloowo waktuuji juutɗi, "gila waktuuji nay subaka [haa waktuuji jeenay jamma]", tee o yiyataa mo no feewi ; yumma makko ina gollinoo e departemaa njuɓɓudi fedde wiyeteende Playboy Enterprises. Golle jibnaaɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof ina njogii batte keewɗe e makko ; baaba makko mawnini mo ngam weltaade e jimɗi o wuuri ko juuti e nder galle Playboy Mansion ko o baawɗo. Cherry anndinaama e Hugh Hefner ko sehilaaɓe, o heɓaani tawo hitaande nde o naati e makko. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Academy of Our Lady, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970. [ tesko 1 ] Nde o woni suka, o yimnoo ko e fedde sukaaɓe rewɓe nde Supremes njiimi, o woniino kadi jooɗiiɗo e Regal Theatre to Chicago, nokku mo yiɗɓe jimɗi ɓaleeɓe keewi yahde. Cherry fuɗɗiima yiɗde wonde model caggal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o renndini portfolio fotooje makko, o ɗaɓɓi e agenceeji keewɗi. O yiɗaa innde baaba makko nde meeɗaa yiyeede, kono agenceeji modeling mbiyi mo ko ɗum ngalu e golle makko. Cherry caggal mum ummii to wuro New York ngam golloyaade, kono ɗum yahraani yeeso, o heɓi golle barmannde ngam yoɓde njoɓdi. == Jokkondiral e David Bowie == Cherry adii nande haala David Bowie ko e golloowo mum, mo o yiɗi filmo gadano o, o rokki mo koppi filmo ''Ummagol e Doggol Ziggy Stardust e Ɓoggi Mars'' . O weltiima no feewi e jimɗi ɗi o fiyi "fotde laabi teemedere", e mbaadi Bowie mbelndi. E oon sahaa, Cherry ko gardiiɗo dingiral jamma Genesis, kadi ko giɗo Stevie Wonder e oon sahaa, gannduɗo Bowie ; nde o noddi Wonder ngam yuɓɓinde hiirde to Genesis, Bowie tawtoraama. Nde ɓe puɗɗii hawrude, o yiɗi ko gite makko daneeje, o naamndii mo so tawii ko o jimoowo, ɗoon e ɗoon o noddi mo ngam yimde e njillu peewnitaaɗo to Japon. Jokkondiral maɓɓe yaawi waylude ngonka neɗɗo e golle. Caggal nde ɓe puɗɗii jokkondirde, Cherry hawri e debbo Bowie biyeteeɗo Angela Barnett (anndiraaɗo Angie Bowie) o haawnii nde o anndi o resndaama haa Bowie holliti e yeeso yimɓe fof wonde ɓe njiidi. Cherry e Barnett puɗɗiima wonde sehilaaɓe, kono haa jooni ɓe ngoni ko e ƴattaade. Nde o miijii njillu to Japon, Cherry woppi golle mum, soodi galle mum, tan njillu nguu dartinaa. O suusaa, o yahi Orop ngam yiytude Bowie. <ref name="people" /> Nde o woni e yah-ngartaa to Orop, Cherry dañii hakkillaaji njuɓɓudiiji keewɗi ngam ƴellitde ŋarɗugol mum e mbaydi mum. O siforaama e diisneteeɓe moodeluuji ko "jinne ummoriiɗo e weeyo" nde o yahrata e laamorgooji moodeluuji [[Pari]], [[London|Londres]], e Milan, o yaltinaa e ''jaayndeeji Vogue'' e ''Elle'' . Hitaande fawtii heen, Cherry tawi Bowie ina golloo e albom ''Pin Ups'' sara Pari. Ɓe mbaɗi yontere to Château d'Hérouville ngam winndude albom oo, mo o siftini wonde « ina jeyaa e sahaaji ɓurɗi welde e nguurndam am », ɓe ngondi e Pari fotde lebbi jeetati. Bowie ina ɗaminii ardude e golle Cherry ummotooɗe ɗee, o wiyi omo waawi wonde « Josephine Baker garoowo » kadi omo ɗaminii siynude mo e MainMan, mo gardiiɗo makko Tony Defries ardii. O sosi fedde tato (3) jogiinde doole e nder ɓernde, wiyeteende The Astronettes, kanko e Cherry, gollodiiɗo makko ko juuti Warren Peace, e Jason Guess, ɓe mbinndi e ɓe peewni jimɗi maɓɓe to Londres haa ñalnde 1973 e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1974. kono Bowie jokki e tato ɓee wonde jimɗi mum ballitooji e jamaanu ''Diamond Dogs'' . Astronettes heɓi ƴeewte keewɗe, won heen mbiyata ko "deftere" tan fotnde teskeede, won heen mbiyata ko "mbaydi kesiri ko adii nde konngol ngol woodata". <ref name="oleary" /> Batte Cherry ɓurɗe mawnude e Bowie ko e albom makko nayaɓo, ''sukaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe'' . Golle ɗe Bowie waɗi batte mum no feewi e nguurndam mum, ngaddi yiɗde Bowie e jimɗi ɓaleeɓe, kadi yimooɓe Cherry tato, Robin Clark (jom suudu gitaaryanke Carlos Alomar), e Luther Vandross mo anndaaka e oon sahaa, mbaɗti batte e daande albom oo. Cherry naatni mo e Teyaatre Apollo, ɗo o riiwi Alomar e Vandross e fedde galle ndee ; Bowie e Alomar maa njahdu e winndude yoga e jimɗi ɓurɗi lollude e albom oo, Vandross maa yaltu e jimɗi teskinɗi e mbaadi mum. O naatni mo kadi e Sigma Sound Studios, inniraaɗo suudu soul Philadelphia, ɗo albom oo winndaa. Cherry wiyi caggal ɗuum wonde batte makko e Bowie e hirjinde makko addani mo fuɗɗaade winndude jimɗi ɓaleeji e dumunna gadano oo. O woniino tergal mawngal e fedde wiyeteende ''Young Americans'', nde dañii weltaare mawnde e Lester Bangs to ''Creem'' . Sifaa tigi rigi jokkondiral Bowie e Cherry e nder ooɗoo sahaa ina yeewtee ; Tony Visconti siftinii ɓe wonde ɓe ngalaa jokkondire giɗli, Bowie ina heewi yiɗde dañde darnde e nder golle mum. Barnett weltaaki e tolno jokkondiral maɓɓe, ina wiyee o fotnoo ko diwde e windo nde o anndi ɓadtaade maɓɓe. Feere hakkunde Cherry e Barnett ina ɗaɓɓi nde gadano oo heddotoo e gite yimɓe, hay so tawii noon Cherry e Bowie ina njokki wonde sehilaaɓe to New York. Jokkondiral maɓɓe kadi ina waɗi geɗe ɗiɗi, sibu Cherry ina ɗaminanoo wonde lolluɗo tawi Bowie ina joginoo gollodiiɓe woɗɓe heewɓe. Fuɗɗoode haa caka kitaale 1970 ko sahaa jiiɓru e nder nguurndam Bowie, maantiniri ɗum ko ɓeydagol innde makko e huutoraade dorog. Nde o hawri e jibnaaɓe Cherry, o haawnii ɓe, o yaltini butelaaji kosam e dow taabal ñaamde. Ustaare Bowie sabu dorog ina haawnii e Cherry, sibu o wondaani e dorog no feewi nde ɓe puɗɗii hawrude ndee. Jokkondiral maɓɓe ɓeydii tiiɗde, Bowie ina wiyee ina miijo seerndude Barnett ngam resde ɗum, kono ɗum woppi ɗum sabu caɗeele Bowie e kaalis mum. O ɓeydii hulde, o waɗti tiiɗnaade e jokkondiral maɓɓe. Bowie e Defries ina njoginoo luural mawngal e kaalis e nder duuɓi ɗii, haa arti noon e yiytude wonde jimoowo oo ina jogii miliyoŋaaji keewɗi ko famɗi fof ko o miijinoo ; kulhuli kaalis baɗnooɗi heen ɗii addani mo taƴde jokkondiral makko e yimɓe heewɓe, haa arti noon e Cherry, o woppi ɗum e Isolar Tour garoowo oo. O wiyi ko kanko winndi jimɗi "Golden Years" e "Stay" gila e ''Station to Station'' ko fayti e makko, hay so tawii noon binndol jimɗi ɗii tigi rigi ina luurdi e winndooɓe nguurndam Bowie. {{Sfn|Buckley|2005}} {{Sfn|Pegg|2016}} {{Sfn|Sandford|1997}} === Koode e GO === Bowie yuɓɓini Cherry e wondiiɓe mum ɗiɗo woɗɓe ngam naatde e fedde ballitoore wiyeteende The Astronettes, ɓe mbaɗdi heen albom ; kono albom oo yaltinaaka haa hitaande 1995 e innde ''yimɓe ummoriiɓe e galleeji bonɗi'' . Albom oo yalti ''ko tawa'' Cherry walla Bowie njaɓaani, Cherry ina wondi e sunaare mawnde nde demooji ɗi njoofaani ɗii njaltinaa e jamaanu. ''Won e'' ƴeewooɓe cikkatnoo ko ''People From Bad Homes'' ko huunde nde alaa ko ''nafata'' so wonaa winndude jimɗi Bowie gadani ɗii, ko wayi no "Scream Like a Baby", ko gollal Cherry "I Am a Laser". Kono tan, ƴeewndooji ɓurɗi moƴƴude ɗii njaɓii albom oo sabu sifaaji mum kesi e mbaydi mbaylaandi. E hitaande 2008, hono ɗeen nate njaltinaa kadi e innde ''“Sessions Astronettes”'' . Caggal nde jokkondiral makko e Bowie joofi, Cherry naati e fedde jazz progressive GO . Fedde nde ina waɗi Steve Winwood, gonnooɗo jimoowo Santana, e Stomu Yamashta . Caggal GO, Cherry arti Chicago ngam fuɗɗaade golle mum solo. Albom makko gadano ko ''Ripe!!!'', mo RSO Records yaltini e hitaande 1980 [ tesko 2 ], mo Curtis Mayfield feewni ɗum. ''Ko ɓuuɓɗo!!!'' ko Gil Askey fotnoo feewnude ɗum ngam Curtom Records, kono o weltaaki e golle makko e Bowie. Albom oo waɗii batte seeɗa e limlebbi Billboard Black Albums, kono o saliima sabu ko albom disko yaltuɗo e sahaa nde dille disko ɗee keewi ñiŋeede. <ref name="discomuseum" /> Singleeji ɗiɗi njalti, "Yiɗde ko kabaaru moƴƴo" e "Mi waawaa tan diwtude ndee ɗoo jikku". Nafoore albom oo seeɗa e mbaydi Cherry ina heddinoo haa addani mo siynude e Capitol Records ko juuti caggal ɗuum. <ref name="popdose" /> Albom ɗiɗaɓo Cherry '', biyeteeɗo Streetcar Named Desire ,'' yalti ko e hitaande 1982. Ko Bob Esty, gollodiiɗo e Donna Summer e Barbra Streisand e Cher, feewni ɗum. ''Tram ina wiyee Desire'' wonaano njulaagu, nde tawnoo nde yaltinii tan ko jimɗi ɗiɗi, "Tram ina wiyee Yiɗde" e "Yiɗde Memde". Gagga maggal ina jeyaa e ko addani ɗum en njiyaagu e nder dingiral jimɗi ; rajooji pop ina mbiya ngoppii fiyde albom oo caggal nde njiyti wonde Cherry ko jimoowo ɓaleejo ina waɗa jimɗi ‘daneeji’. Jaɓɓungal jamaanu ngal ina heewi wonde ko moƴƴi, sibu albom oo ko "doole weltaare" e ƴettude nannditgol e Grace Jones e Debbie Harry. Albom tataɓo Cherry e nder suudu mum '', Picture Me,'' yalti ko e hitaande 1987. Ko ngol woni go’o ko o gollotoo ko e solo, o waɗii jimɗi ɗiɗi ɓurɗi lollude e 40 jimɗi, kono o ŋakki ko albom oo ɗaminii e njulaagu. Jokkude albom oo e diskooji ina cifaa ko ɗum addani Cherry waasde naatde e mbaydi pop. Kono tan, ɗum waɗii faayiida haa Cherry jaɓɓaama no feewi, sibu omo jeyaa e rewɓe wayluɓe yeeso pop jamaanu. ''Picture Me'' heɓi ƴeewte keewɗe, tawi ƴeewooɓe ɓee mbiyi ɗum ko « pop synth slick and sexy », kono kadi ko albom softuɗo, « skimpy grooves » mo neɗɗo waawi fiyde e no feewi. Cherry yaltinaani albom mum gooto haa e hitaande 1997, EP mum ''biyeteeɗo Spend the Night'', ɓurɗo anndeede e albom mum "Forget Me Nots" mo Patrice Rushen winndi. ''Spend the Night'' yaltinaa ko e J-Bird Records, gooto e feddeeji gadani renndinde e nder internet. Caggal ''Spend the Night'', Cherry yaltinii albomuuji keewɗi e fuɗɗoode kitaale 2010. <ref name="funku" /> E hitaande 2019, o siifondiri e fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore wiyeteende Wake Up! Miijo, ɗo o yaltini jimɗi Bowie « Let's Dance » e jimɗi nu-disko « Seedaade yiɗde ». === Jimoowo caggal === E nder kitaale 1980 e 1990 fof, Cherry golliima kadi e jimoowo balloowo jimoowo R&B biyeteeɗo Luther Vandross. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof kawriino duuɓi keewɗi ko adii ɗuum, ko ɓe yimooɓe ballondiral e Bowie, ɓe mbaɗdi jokkondiral tiiɗngal, Cherry ina noddira mo miñiiko. Ko o sehil e balloowo Vandross, o waɗii darnde mawnde e nder dingiral makko ; ŋarɗugol makko e ŋarɗugol makko ɓuri teeŋtude e makko, e dingiral mahngal e sara makko e yimooɓe woɗɓe ɓee wonaa ko ɓuri teeŋtude e njiimaandi makko. Ko Cherry ɓoornotonoo e dingiral hee ina heewi ɓurde ko o ɓoornotonoo koo. Hakkille Vandross e Cherry e Lisa Fischer ko huunde mawnde e dingiral makko, addani yimooɓe woɗɓe ɓee caɗeele, ɓe ɗaɓɓiraa ko yo ɓe ndarto caggal, ɓe ngoppa ɓe, ɓe keewi ko ñiŋeede so tawii ɓe cikkaama ina mbaawi dañde hakkillaaji no feewi. Darnde Cherry e nder pijirlooji Vandross ina janngee ngam nafoore mum e batte mum e Vandross, neɗɗo jom doole en, mo yimɓe heewɓe cikkata ko fayti e nguurndam mum keeriɗam e jikkuuji mum. Cherry kadi ina yima jimɗi baɗɗiiɗi e Chaka Khan e Robert Palmer. E hitaande 2013, o yalti e filmo ''20 Feet from Stardom'', filmo dokimaa ko fayti e yimooɓe backup. <ref name="popmatters" /> == Albom == === Alkule e EP === * ''Ko ɗum waɗi!!!'' (1980, binndanɗe RSO) * ''Otooji ina wiyee yiɗde'' (1982, binndanɗe Capitol) * ''Natal am'' (1987, binndanɗe Kapitol) * ''Yimɓe ummoriiɓe e cuuɗi bonɗi'' (1995) hono Ava Cherry & Ɓiɓɓe koode [ tesko 3 ]. * ''Jokku jamma'' (1997, J-Bird) * ''Koyɗe koode'' ko koode (2008, nate Barbarella ɓaleejo) == Teskorɗe == . == Hiisoowo == <references /> [[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qr3m9dne5ejzjezb57gfywofuprzptu 0 42855 177556 2026-06-30T16:27:09Z Bin Hassaini 14172 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/800212|Averil Lysaght]]" 177556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Averil Margaret Lysaght''' (14 abriil 1905 – 21 ut 1981) ko ganndo ganndal nguurndam, daartoowo ganndal e naalanke, ɓurɗo anndeede e golle makko ganndal e Joseph Banks. == Nguurndam gadano == Lisaat jibinaa ko to Mokoya, Taranaki, leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 14 abriil 1905, e galle Emily Muriel Lisaght (jibinaa ko Stowe) e Brian Cuthbert Lisaght. [1] Mawɓe makko to bannge yumma ko Jane Stowe e Leonard Stowe . [2] Nde o heɓi duuɓi 15, o yiyti mboros e dow tulde Taranaki mo ganndal anndaa. Ko ganndo ko faati e ɓowɗi biyeteeɗo G. V. Hudson siforii ɗum e hitaande 1921, o inniri ɗum Graphania averilla ngam teddinde ɗum. [3] == Jaangirde == Lysaght fuɗɗii janngude ko e galle mum ko guwerneer kono o neldaa to duɗal sukaaɓe rewɓe Chilton House to Wellington nde o yahrata e duuɓi 12. E hitaande 1923 Lysaght fuɗɗii janngude ngam heɓde dipolom to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Victoria to Wellington . Nde o woni e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, Lysaght naati e fedde yah-ngartaa duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Victoria, o yahdi e John Beaglehole, mo o gollodii caggal ɗuum e eɓɓooji jaŋde. : 73 Nde o janngata dipolomaaji makko leslesɗi, Lysaght yaltini binndanɗe makko gadane ko faati e bakteriiji. O heɓi BSc e hitaande 1928, o heɓi MSc e hitaande 1929. Teskorde makko ko feewti e biyoloji ''Eucolaspis'', ko sifaa ɓowɗi. <ref name="Te Ara 2015" /> Tuggi 1927 haa 1929 o woniino e gollotooɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cawthron Institute e tuggi 1931 haa 1932 o golliima to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Victoria, o woni balloowo sahaa e sahaa fof e ganndal kullon. <ref name="Te Ara 2015" /> Caggal ɗuum Lysaght arti Angalteer ngam hoɗde e jokkude jaŋde mum. Lysaght waɗi duuɓi tati e waɗde wiɗtooji doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rothamsted to Londres, caggal ɗuum o heɓi doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e hitaande 1935. [1] ::358 Deftere makko doktoraa ndee ko feewti e mborosaaji nematodeeji (parasites) trips. E nder oon sahaa Lysaght fuɗɗii jaŋde mum naalankaagal to duɗal naalankaagal Nottingham, caggal ɗuum to duɗal naalankaagal St Martins to Londres. == Kuɗe == Tuggude hitaande 1935 haa 1938 Lysaght golliima to suudu safrirdu Plymouth to fedde ganndal nguurndam nder ndiyam to Angalteer. O golliima kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde daartol tago to bannge ganndal parasitoloji. Hakkunde 1936 e 1943 o yaltinii binndanɗe joy e nder ganndal parasiit, heen ɗiɗi ko faati e parasiit trematode gastropods. Caggal ɗuum Lysaght heɓi golle ngam wonde balloowo rewtinoowo to bannge ganndal kullon ladde e nder deftere ''wiyeteende Chambers Encyclopaedia'' . Nde o woni toon ndee, e hitaande 1947 walla 1948 o hawri e Norman Boyd Kinnear, gardiiɗo ganndal kullon ladde to suudu defte Angalteer. Ko Kinnear wiyi mo yo o wiɗtu colli diwooje Cook. O walli mo e ndee ɗoo golle nde o rokki mo nokku ɗo o gollotoo e nder galle mooftirɗo nate (British Museum) . : : 358 Lysaght yahi haa waɗi catal timmungal e colli mbaraaɗi e denndaangal yah-ngartaa Cook. O waɗi kadi wiɗtooji keewɗi e nder defterdu Sydney Parkinson Museum, o jokki e golle makko ko ina ɓura duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi. Ngam wiɗto makko o waɗii ko heewi ngam wallitde anndude nate Herman Spöring, cukko hooreejo Banke oo. : : 358 Ɗuum joofi ko e binndol e hitaande 1975, hono Deftere colli: Teeminanɗe joy nate colli. E nder oon sahaa kadi Lysaght feewnii geɗe zoologie ngam deftere fedde Hakluyt, ko fayti e yah-ngartaa Cook ɗiɗmo gadano oo. O rokki kadi John Cawte Beaglehole ko heewi e humpitooji ko faati e daabaaji e leɗɗe ngam defte makko jowitiiɗe e yah-ngartaa James Cook tati. E hitaande 1957, Lysaght yaltinii winndannde ƴeewtotoonde sirlu iwdi « Kangaroo Cook », kangaroo gadano adduɗo to Angalteer, e tiitoonde natal ngal George Stubbs yiyti ko ɓooyaani koo. == Hiisoowo == rqaw1hxool7dbktjjdxm87zctctamtg 0 42856 177557 2026-06-30T16:27:11Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360637228|Jaja of Opobo]]" 177557 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laamɗo Jaja mo Opobo''' (innde mum timmunde: '''Jubo Jubogha''' ; hedde 1821–1891) woni sosɗo e laamɗo gadano ( {{Ɗemngal|Ijo|amanyanabo}} ) mo Laamu Opobo e nder [[Diiwal River|diiwaan Rivers]] hannde oo e [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|diiwaan Akwa Ibom]] to [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . Ko adii fof o jeyaa ko e leñol Igbo, o jaɓaa e nder leñol Ijaw ngol. == Nguurndam e golle == E nder cukaagu makko, Jaja nanngaa ko e leydi Igboland, ina gasa tawa ko Konfederaasiyoŋ Aro , yeeytaa [[Korɗo|maccungaagu]] . Ndeen o addiraa ko Bonny caggal ɗuum. Jaja heɓi laawol yaltude e maccungaagu caggal nde o gollani joom mum duuɓi keewɗi. E maayde joom mum, o ƴetti njulaagu nguu, o yahi haa o ardii fedde njulaagu Anna Pepple House to Bonny . E les makko, Annie Pepple ƴetti cuuɗi njulaagu goɗɗi haa wolde e galle Pepple Manilla mo [[Oko Jumbo]] ardii, addani Jaja seertude ngam sosde Laamu Opobo (26 kiloomeeteer fuɗnaange Bonny) e hitaande 1869. {{Sfn|Adebowale|2019}} Opobo arii wonde nokku njulaagu mawɗo e nder njulaagu nebam diiwaan oo. Jaja haɗii naatde e hakkundeeji Orop e Afrik, ina jokki e ƴellitde njulaagu, e hitaande 1870 ina sooda ujunnaaje jeetati ton nebam palme to bannge Angalteer. Opobo kadi neldi nebam paltoor to Liverpool . Jaja neldi sukaaɓe mum to duɗe Glasgow, o winnditi ɓaleeɓe ngam golloraade duɗal sekulaar ngal o mahi to Opobo. O haɗi kala misiyoŋaaji naatde Opobo. {{Sfn|Zuckerman 2021}} E batu Berlin 1884 Oropnaaɓe toɗɗii Opobo ko leydi Angalteer. Nde Jaja salii woppude njoɓdi njulaagu Angalteer, [[Hari Joonston|Henry Hamilton Johnston]], cukko konsul Angalteer, noddi Jaja ngam kaaldigal e hitaande 1887. Jaja nanngaa nde ari e laana Angalteer ; o ñaawaa ko to [[Akra|Accra]] to Cote d’Or (hannde [[Gana|ko Ganaa]] ) caggal ɗuum o woppitaa, ko adii fof ko to Londres, caggal ɗuum to Saint Vincent e Barbados to Indiya worgo Angalteer . {{Sfn|Cookey 2005}} Gonngol makko e nder leydi Indiya ina wiyee ko kañum addani jiiɓru siwil, sibu yimɓe Barbados, iwdi [[Afrik]], ina mettini e baasal laamɗo ummoriiɗo leydi mum en. {{Sfn|Adebowale|2019}} E hitaande 1891, Jaja heɓi yamiroore hootde Opobo, kono o maayi e laawol. {{Sfn|''Encyclopedia of World Biography''}} Caggal nde o woppitaa e maayde makko, doole dowla Opobo ustii no feewi. {{Sfn|Adebowale|2019}} E hitaande 1903, siftorde laamɗo Jaja mo Opobo mahiraa ngam teddinde mo e nder caka wuro Opobo. Yannge ɓiyiiko, laamɗo Waribo, woni ko e nder galle juulirde St Laurence, to wuro Frodsham, to leydi Cheshire, to leydi Angalteer. Waribo neldaama to Frodsham ngam janngude to duɗal Manor House. <ref name="Barrett" /> O maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum sabu ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam ñalnde 21 abriil 1882, omo yahra e duuɓi 13 walla 14. <ref name="Barrett" /> Ina waɗi ƴiye ɗiɗi daneeje kollitooje laawol feewde yanaande laamɗo oo. Gooto woni e damal feewde e pub Ring O’Bells, goɗɗo o woni ko e les laawol ngol ina hollira laawol feewde yanaande makko. Alaa heen haayre hoore, kono ina waɗi binndi e dow haayre ŋoral. == Tuugnorgal == 41o78rx7opl93v4zxf2dk3hmljkcx9a 177558 177557 2026-06-30T16:28:00Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Laamɗo Jaja mo Opobo''' (innde mum timmunde: '''Jubo Jubogha''' ; hedde 1821–1891) woni sosɗo e laamɗo gadano ( {{Ɗemngal|Ijo|amanyanabo}} ) mo Laamu Opobo e nder [[Diiwal River|diiwaan Rivers]] hannde oo e [[Diiwal Akwa Ibom|diiwaan Akwa Ibom]] to [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . Ko adii fof o jeyaa ko e leñol Igbo, o jaɓaa e nder leñol Ijaw ngol. == Nguurndam e golle == E nder cukaagu makko, Jaja nanngaa ko e leydi Igboland, ina gasa tawa ko Konfederaasiyoŋ Aro , yeeytaa [[Korɗo|maccungaagu]] . Ndeen o addiraa ko Bonny caggal ɗuum. Jaja heɓi laawol yaltude e maccungaagu caggal nde o gollani joom mum duuɓi keewɗi. E maayde joom mum, o ƴetti njulaagu nguu, o yahi haa o ardii fedde njulaagu Anna Pepple House to Bonny . E les makko, Annie Pepple ƴetti cuuɗi njulaagu goɗɗi haa wolde e galle Pepple Manilla mo [[Oko Jumbo]] ardii, addani Jaja seertude ngam sosde Laamu Opobo (26 kiloomeeteer fuɗnaange Bonny) e hitaande 1869. {{Sfn|Adebowale|2019}} Opobo arii wonde nokku njulaagu mawɗo e nder njulaagu nebam diiwaan oo. Jaja haɗii naatde e hakkundeeji Orop e Afrik, ina jokki e ƴellitde njulaagu, e hitaande 1870 ina sooda ujunnaaje jeetati ton nebam palme to bannge Angalteer. Opobo kadi neldi nebam paltoor to Liverpool . Jaja neldi sukaaɓe mum to duɗe Glasgow, o winnditi ɓaleeɓe ngam golloraade duɗal sekulaar ngal o mahi to Opobo. O haɗi kala misiyoŋaaji naatde Opobo. {{Sfn|Zuckerman 2021}} E batu Berlin 1884 Oropnaaɓe toɗɗii Opobo ko leydi Angalteer. Nde Jaja salii woppude njoɓdi njulaagu Angalteer, [[Hari Joonston|Henry Hamilton Johnston]], cukko konsul Angalteer, noddi Jaja ngam kaaldigal e hitaande 1887. Jaja nanngaa nde ari e laana Angalteer ; o ñaawaa ko to [[Akra|Accra]] to Cote d’Or (hannde [[Gana|ko Ganaa]] ) caggal ɗuum o woppitaa, ko adii fof ko to Londres, caggal ɗuum to Saint Vincent e Barbados to Indiya worgo Angalteer . {{Sfn|Cookey 2005}} Gonngol makko e nder leydi Indiya ina wiyee ko kañum addani jiiɓru siwil, sibu yimɓe Barbados, iwdi [[Afrik]], ina mettini e baasal laamɗo ummoriiɗo leydi mum en. {{Sfn|Adebowale|2019}} E hitaande 1891, Jaja heɓi yamiroore hootde Opobo, kono o maayi e laawol. {{Sfn|''Encyclopedia of World Biography''}} Caggal nde o woppitaa e maayde makko, doole dowla Opobo ustii no feewi. {{Sfn|Adebowale|2019}} E hitaande 1903, siftorde laamɗo Jaja mo Opobo mahiraa ngam teddinde mo e nder caka wuro Opobo. Yannge ɓiyiiko, laamɗo Waribo, woni ko e nder galle juulirde St Laurence, to wuro Frodsham, to leydi Cheshire, to leydi Angalteer. Waribo neldaama to Frodsham ngam janngude to duɗal Manor House. <ref name="Barrett" /> O maayi ko hitaande caggal ɗuum sabu ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam ñalnde 21 abriil 1882, omo yahra e duuɓi 13 walla 14. <ref name="Barrett" /> Ina waɗi ƴiye ɗiɗi daneeje kollitooje laawol feewde yanaande laamɗo oo. Gooto woni e damal feewde e pub Ring O’Bells, goɗɗo o woni ko e les laawol ngol ina hollira laawol feewde yanaande makko. Alaa heen haayre hoore, kono ina waɗi binndi e dow haayre ŋoral. == Tuugnorgal == 8nn7m4hu4mqgav0sc7p31nphma2p8cz 0 42857 177561 2026-06-30T16:37:56Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358503553|Osinlokun]]" 177561 wikitext text/x-wiki Oba '''Osinlokun''' walla '''Eshinlokun''' (maayi hitaande 1829) laamiima e hitaande 1821 haa 1829. Baaba makko ko Oba Ologun Kutere e banndiraaɓe makko ko Obas Adele e [[Akitoye]], ko ɗum waɗi leñol Obaship Ologun Kutere ko ngol ɓuri heewde e Lagos. Ina jeyaa e ɓiɓɓe Osinlokun, Idewu Ojulari, Kosoko, e Opo Olu. == Assendansi == Hedde 1820 walla 1821, Osinlokun nanngi e ŋakkeende yiɗde miñi mum biyeteeɗo Oba Adele, mo ɓe ƴaañii sabu naatgol maskara Egun, mo e oon sahaa yiyraa ko fotaani. e ƴettude jappeere laamu e doole e nder kuudetaa bonɗo. Adele riiwaa to Badagry ɗo o heɓi hooreejo wuro ngo. Nde o woni to Badagry, Adele etinooma heɓtude jappeere laamu Lagos e dow doole kono darnde makko ko meere. == Wade == Osinlokun maayi ko e hitaande 1829, lomtii mo ko ɓiyiiko biyeteeɗo Idewu Ojulari . == Tuugnorgal == cavqwn7muldvjhub3xpvhly5q58l7se 177562 177561 2026-06-30T16:38:43Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Oba '''Osinlokun''' walla '''Eshinlokun''' (maayi hitaande 1829) laamiima e hitaande 1821 haa 1829. Baaba makko ko Oba Ologun Kutere e banndiraaɓe makko ko Obas Adele e [[Akitoye]], ko ɗum waɗi leñol Obaship Ologun Kutere ko ngol ɓuri heewde e Lagos. Ina jeyaa e ɓiɓɓe Osinlokun, Idewu Ojulari, Kosoko, e Opo Olu. == Assendansi == Hedde 1820 walla 1821, Osinlokun nanngi e ŋakkeende yiɗde miñi mum biyeteeɗo Oba Adele, mo ɓe ƴaañii sabu naatgol maskara Egun, mo e oon sahaa yiyraa ko fotaani. e ƴettude jappeere laamu e doole e nder kuudetaa bonɗo. Adele riiwaa to Badagry ɗo o heɓi hooreejo wuro ngo. Nde o woni to Badagry, Adele etinooma heɓtude jappeere laamu Lagos e dow doole kono darnde makko ko meere. == Wade == Osinlokun maayi ko e hitaande 1829, lomtii mo ko ɓiyiiko biyeteeɗo Idewu Ojulari . == Tuugnorgal == 5oxm1nxtlrrj0vuf3lam61pkez2pvu2 0 42858 177563 2026-06-30T16:41:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358867740|Okoroji Oti]]" 177563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Maazi''''' '''Okoroji Oti''' ko mawɗo nokku to Ujari, gooto e gure sappo e jeenay to Arochukwu, to diiwaan Abia to [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . O teddiniraa ko wonde njulaagu jiyaaɓe mahɗo galle Okoroji, galle daartol to Igboland. Daartol haalpulaar en ina hollita wonde teemedde nay neɗɗo ina kirse Ibini Ukpabi caggal nde o maayi e wonde hooreejo oracle. == Tuugnorgal == siz1t5i9ps3f4u745fwbrlmi6lfd7xs 177564 177563 2026-06-30T16:42:18Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Maazi''''' '''Okoroji Oti''' ko mawɗo nokku to Ujari, gooto e gure sappo e jeenay to Arochukwu, to diiwaan Abia to [[Naajeeriya|leydi Najeriya]] . O teddiniraa ko wonde njulaagu jiyaaɓe mahɗo galle Okoroji, galle daartol to Igboland. Daartol haalpulaar en ina hollita wonde teemedde nay neɗɗo ina kirse Ibini Ukpabi caggal nde o maayi e wonde hooreejo oracle. == Tuugnorgal == 9vezf6d149dnhwkgpwilknk14dbcy3v 0 42859 177567 2026-06-30T16:46:43Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358922347|Ovonramwen]]" 177567 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oba Ovonramwen Nogbaisi''', ina wiyee kadi '''Overami''', ko Ọba capanɗe tati e joyaɓo Laamu Benin laamɗo gila c. 1888 – c. 1897, haa e njillu punndi Angalteer . O jibinaa ko hedde hitaande 1857, ko o ɓiy Ọba Adọlọ . O ƴetti innde Ovọnramwẹn Nọgbaisi nde o heɓi laamu e hitaande 1888. Kala Ọba ƴetti innde hesere nde o heɓi laamu, Ovọnramwẹn firti ko "Naange fuɗngo" e Nọgbaisi firti ko "ko saaktata dow fof". E darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire, Laamu Benin dañii jogaade ndimaagu mum, Ọba huutoriima njulaagu ngu Angalteer yiyri ina metti. Leydi ndii ina yiɗaa e fedde jom jawɗeele en mawnde sabu ngalu mum keewngu ko wayi no nebam palme, kaɓirɗe e ƴiye . Laamu nguu ɓuri wonde ko e njiimaandi Biritaan en, tee tiiɗnaare ina jokki e yimɓe ko wayi no cukko konsul [[Jaak Robeer Filipis|James Robert Phillips]] e Kapiteen Henry Gallwey (cukko konsul Biritaannaaɓe to [[Koolaaɗo kuuɓal leydi Niiseer|Oil Rivers Protectorate]] ) ɓeen ina njiɗi Biritaan en heɓtude laamu Benin e ittude Ọba. == Ekspedisiyoŋ Biritaan en e liɓgol laamu == [[File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-64-34_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Ovonramwen Nogbaisi e rewɓe mum, laamɗo debbo Egbe (naamo) e laamɗo debbo Aighobahi (nyaamo), c. Hittande 1898 haa 1913]] E lewru noowammbar 1896, [[Jaak Robeer Filipis|James Robert Phillips]], cukko komisariyaajo e konsul to [[Koolaaɗo kuuɓal leydi Niiseer|Protektorat Coast Niger]], fellitii njillu e jokkondirde e Ovonramwen to wuro Benin, ko fayti e nanondiral njulaagu ngal Oba waɗdunoo e Angalteer kono o jogaaki. O naamndii e dow laawol mawɓe makko to Londres yamiroore yillaade wuro Benin. E darorɗe lewru desaambar 1896, tawi o fadaani jaabawol walla jaɓgol, Phillips naati e njillu. Delegaasiyoŋ Angalteer ummiima e Protektorat Maayooji Petroŋ e lewru Yarkomaa 1897, tawi faandaare mum ko kaaldigal e Oba Benin. Nde ɓe nganndi ɗum ko etaade ittude Oba, senerooji Oba ɗii, e bannge gooto, njamiri yo delegaasiyoŋ oo waɗtu hare nde tawnoo ina ɓadii wuro Benin (ina heen 8 wakilaaji Angalteer ɗi nganndaaka, e teemedde porteeruuji e gollotooɓe Afriknaaɓe). Laana Phillip ka yani e mum, kamɓe fof ɓe mbaraa so wonaa ɗiɗo. Caggal ɗuum, njillu punndi e Laamu Benin e hitaande 1897 e gardagol Sir Harry Rawson, waɗii ustude wuro Benin, loppitde njamndiiji Benin, e halkude cuuɗi wuro ngoo. Hay so tawii Biritaannaaɓe ina njoginoo yamiroore warde Ọba, Ovonramwen dogi, kono o arti e wuro hee ngam hokkude hoore makko e laawol ñalnde 5 ut 1897. Nde Ovọnramwẹn arti e wuro hee, caggal lebbi jeegom o waɗi e dogde e nanngugol alɗuɓe e ladde, o woni e nder fedde teemedde jeeɗiɗi haa teemedde jeetati neɗɗo. O etinooma daɗde e eggol, o rokki Konsul Seneraal [[Ralf Moor|Ralph Moor]] 200 punndi (barel) petroŋ fotde 1500 £ e oon sahaa, e hollirde ɗo 500 tufnde makko ivoire ndee udditaa (ina tolnoo e £2M e oon sahaa). Kono ngool ɗaɓɓaande jaɓaaka nde tawnoo Moor ina yiyti ɓe gila ko adii. Ko Sven Lindqvist siforii e nder deftere mum ''wiyeteende Exterminate All the Brutes'', nde siforaa ko no doole kisal Angalteer ɗe Phillips ardii ngam foolde Ọba . E wiyde Lindqvist, doole ɗee ina njogii kaɓirɗe cuuɗiiɗe e nder bagaas, tawi konu nguu ina ɓoornii wutteeji. Lindqvist hollitii wonde peeje Phillips ko heɓde naatde e galle laamorɗo Ovonramwen, e bayyinde wonde omo yiɗi kaaldigal. Lindqvist hollitii wonde nulaaɓe Ovonramwen njaltinii jeertinaango keewngo ngam waasde bonnude njiimaandi leydi Benin, o wiyi o waawaano yiyde Phillips sabu golle kewu, tee hay so o jeertinaama laabi keewɗi goɗɗi e laawol ngol, Phillips neldi sawru makko to proỌ design a hare baawnde rokkude daliilu ngam heɓtude Angalteer. co2azxc60ckrnlv9stfw4amn3e4h7x2 177568 177567 2026-06-30T16:47:16Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oba Ovonramwen Nogbaisi''', ina wiyee kadi '''Overami''', ko Ọba capanɗe tati e joyaɓo Laamu Benin laamɗo gila c. 1888 – c. 1897, haa e njillu punndi Angalteer . O jibinaa ko hedde hitaande 1857, ko o ɓiy Ọba Adọlọ . O ƴetti innde Ovọnramwẹn Nọgbaisi nde o heɓi laamu e hitaande 1888. Kala Ọba ƴetti innde hesere nde o heɓi laamu, Ovọnramwẹn firti ko "Naange fuɗngo" e Nọgbaisi firti ko "ko saaktata dow fof". E darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire, Laamu Benin dañii jogaade ndimaagu mum, Ọba huutoriima njulaagu ngu Angalteer yiyri ina metti. Leydi ndii ina yiɗaa e fedde jom jawɗeele en mawnde sabu ngalu mum keewngu ko wayi no nebam palme, kaɓirɗe e ƴiye . Laamu nguu ɓuri wonde ko e njiimaandi Biritaan en, tee tiiɗnaare ina jokki e yimɓe ko wayi no cukko konsul [[Jaak Robeer Filipis|James Robert Phillips]] e Kapiteen Henry Gallwey (cukko konsul Biritaannaaɓe to [[Koolaaɗo kuuɓal leydi Niiseer|Oil Rivers Protectorate]] ) ɓeen ina njiɗi Biritaan en heɓtude laamu Benin e ittude Ọba. == Ekspedisiyoŋ Biritaan en e liɓgol laamu == [[File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-64-34_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Ovonramwen Nogbaisi e rewɓe mum, laamɗo debbo Egbe (naamo) e laamɗo debbo Aighobahi (nyaamo), c. Hittande 1898 haa 1913]] E lewru noowammbar 1896, [[Jaak Robeer Filipis|James Robert Phillips]], cukko komisariyaajo e konsul to [[Koolaaɗo kuuɓal leydi Niiseer|Protektorat Coast Niger]], fellitii njillu e jokkondirde e Ovonramwen to wuro Benin, ko fayti e nanondiral njulaagu ngal Oba waɗdunoo e Angalteer kono o jogaaki. O naamndii e dow laawol mawɓe makko to Londres yamiroore yillaade wuro Benin. E darorɗe lewru desaambar 1896, tawi o fadaani jaabawol walla jaɓgol, Phillips naati e njillu. Delegaasiyoŋ Angalteer ummiima e Protektorat Maayooji Petroŋ e lewru Yarkomaa 1897, tawi faandaare mum ko kaaldigal e Oba Benin. Nde ɓe nganndi ɗum ko etaade ittude Oba, senerooji Oba ɗii, e bannge gooto, njamiri yo delegaasiyoŋ oo waɗtu hare nde tawnoo ina ɓadii wuro Benin (ina heen 8 wakilaaji Angalteer ɗi nganndaaka, e teemedde porteeruuji e gollotooɓe Afriknaaɓe). Laana Phillip ka yani e mum, kamɓe fof ɓe mbaraa so wonaa ɗiɗo. Caggal ɗuum, njillu punndi e Laamu Benin e hitaande 1897 e gardagol Sir Harry Rawson, waɗii ustude wuro Benin, loppitde njamndiiji Benin, e halkude cuuɗi wuro ngoo. Hay so tawii Biritaannaaɓe ina njoginoo yamiroore warde Ọba, Ovonramwen dogi, kono o arti e wuro hee ngam hokkude hoore makko e laawol ñalnde 5 ut 1897. Nde Ovọnramwẹn arti e wuro hee, caggal lebbi jeegom o waɗi e dogde e nanngugol alɗuɓe e ladde, o woni e nder fedde teemedde jeeɗiɗi haa teemedde jeetati neɗɗo. O etinooma daɗde e eggol, o rokki Konsul Seneraal [[Ralf Moor|Ralph Moor]] 200 punndi (barel) petroŋ fotde 1500 £ e oon sahaa, e hollirde ɗo 500 tufnde makko ivoire ndee udditaa (ina tolnoo e £2M e oon sahaa). Kono ngool ɗaɓɓaande jaɓaaka nde tawnoo Moor ina yiyti ɓe gila ko adii. Ko Sven Lindqvist siforii e nder deftere mum ''wiyeteende Exterminate All the Brutes'', nde siforaa ko no doole kisal Angalteer ɗe Phillips ardii ngam foolde Ọba . E wiyde Lindqvist, doole ɗee ina njogii kaɓirɗe cuuɗiiɗe e nder bagaas, tawi konu nguu ina ɓoornii wutteeji. Lindqvist hollitii wonde peeje Phillips ko heɓde naatde e galle laamorɗo Ovonramwen, e bayyinde wonde omo yiɗi kaaldigal. Lindqvist hollitii wonde nulaaɓe Ovonramwen njaltinii jeertinaango keewngo ngam waasde bonnude njiimaandi leydi Benin, o wiyi o waawaano yiyde Phillips sabu golle kewu, tee hay so o jeertinaama laabi keewɗi goɗɗi e laawol ngol, Phillips neldi sawru makko to proỌ design a hare baawnde rokkude daliilu ngam heɓtude Angalteer. ==firooji== 0vl03giwp2eakbd1ivw7e8rbkr3sd47 0 42860 177569 2026-06-30T16:48:58Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340688368|Oyekan I]]" 177569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oba Oyekan I''' listen c (maayi ko ñalnde 30 suwee 1900) laamiima laamu Lagos tuggi lewru marse 1885 - 30 suwee 1900. O ƴetti jappeere laamu ko ina wona lewru caggal maayde baaba makko Oba Dosunmu . == Laamɗo Oyekan e hooreejo Apena Ajasa ko haala == E hitaande 1883, Oba Dosunmu, baaba Oyekan noddi batu ngam sellinde fitinaaji hakkunde mawɗo Apena Ajasa e mawɗo [[Taiwo Olowo]] kono mawɗo Ajasa ina hulɓina Oba e mawɓe woɗɓe. Nde o yiyi Apena Ajasa ina hulɓina, laamɗo Oyekan fiyi hooreejo Ajasa, ɓeydi heen wonde Ajasa fotaani huynaade Oba to Iga Idunganran (laamu Oba). Oba Dosunmu salii golle Oyekan, o huɗi mo o wiyi ''"cukalel ngel waɗi noon ina foti majjude"'' . Mawɗo [[Taiwo Olowo]], luutndiiɗo mawɗo Apena Ajasa, weltiima e ko Oyekan waɗi koo, o jaabtii ƴattooje Oba Dosunmu o wiyi ''"cukalel ngel majjataa kono maa o wuur nguurndam juutɗam e nder wellitaare"'' == Ustaare semmbe Obaship e laamu Oyekan == Obaship ustii to bannge ngalu e to bannge doole e laamu Oyekan. Oyekan jaɓi ustude ngalu ngu laamu koloñaal Angalteer yoɓata gila e 1 000 £ haa 200 £ (caggal ɗuum ɓeydaama haa 400 £ e hitaande 1898). Oyekan kadi ŋakkiraa ballal mawɓe doole hono Apena Ajasa mo o fotnoo haɓde e mum e hitaande 1883. E joofnirde, ŋakkeende ballal mawɓe doole hono Apena Ajasa haɗi Oyekan huutoraade won e doole sariya ɗe Oba Dosunmu rokki e Cesion of 1861 Trea . <ref name="Dele-Cole" /> == Wade == Oba Oyekan sankii ko ñalnde talaata 30 suwee 1900 caggal nde o rafi ko juuti. O laamiima duuɓi 15, o woni Oba Lagos. == Tuugnorgal == furigekjk1a72p6l3mvnro33029fw86 177570 177569 2026-06-30T16:49:23Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oba Oyekan I''' listen c (maayi ko ñalnde 30 suwee 1900) laamiima laamu Lagos tuggi lewru marse 1885 - 30 suwee 1900. O ƴetti jappeere laamu ko ina wona lewru caggal maayde baaba makko Oba Dosunmu . == Laamɗo Oyekan e hooreejo Apena Ajasa ko haala == E hitaande 1883, Oba Dosunmu, baaba Oyekan noddi batu ngam sellinde fitinaaji hakkunde mawɗo Apena Ajasa e mawɗo [[Taiwo Olowo]] kono mawɗo Ajasa ina hulɓina Oba e mawɓe woɗɓe. Nde o yiyi Apena Ajasa ina hulɓina, laamɗo Oyekan fiyi hooreejo Ajasa, ɓeydi heen wonde Ajasa fotaani huynaade Oba to Iga Idunganran (laamu Oba). Oba Dosunmu salii golle Oyekan, o huɗi mo o wiyi ''"cukalel ngel waɗi noon ina foti majjude"'' . Mawɗo [[Taiwo Olowo]], luutndiiɗo mawɗo Apena Ajasa, weltiima e ko Oyekan waɗi koo, o jaabtii ƴattooje Oba Dosunmu o wiyi ''"cukalel ngel majjataa kono maa o wuur nguurndam juutɗam e nder wellitaare"'' == Ustaare semmbe Obaship e laamu Oyekan == Obaship ustii to bannge ngalu e to bannge doole e laamu Oyekan. Oyekan jaɓi ustude ngalu ngu laamu koloñaal Angalteer yoɓata gila e 1 000 £ haa 200 £ (caggal ɗuum ɓeydaama haa 400 £ e hitaande 1898). Oyekan kadi ŋakkiraa ballal mawɓe doole hono Apena Ajasa mo o fotnoo haɓde e mum e hitaande 1883. E joofnirde, ŋakkeende ballal mawɓe doole hono Apena Ajasa haɗi Oyekan huutoraade won e doole sariya ɗe Oba Dosunmu rokki e Cesion of 1861 Trea . <ref name="Dele-Cole" /> == Wade == Oba Oyekan sankii ko ñalnde talaata 30 suwee 1900 caggal nde o rafi ko juuti. O laamiima duuɓi 15, o woni Oba Lagos. == Tuugnorgal == njn7c1trhle8dpvbgkho5558ozuw02m 0 42861 177571 2026-06-30T16:51:07Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354442543|John Otonba Payne]]" 177571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Augustus Otonba Payne''' (1839 – 1906) ko hooreejo leydi Nijeer, gardiiɗo e winndiyanke, ko neɗɗo mawɗo to [[Lagos]] e nder teeminannde sappo e jeenay. O woniino mawɗo binnditagol e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Lagos kadi o woniino binnditagol e nder departemaaji koloñaal ceertuɗi ko wayi no suudu sarɗiiji polis, suudu sarɗiiji mawndu, suudu sarɗiiji siwil e ñaawirdu ñaawirdu e ñaawirdu ñamaale tokoose. O yaltinii hitaande kala Almanac Afrik hirnaange e Lagos yaltinoowo won e binndanɗe daartol. Ko kanko kadi woni noddinoowo yeewtere wiyeteende Société pour la propagation de l’éducation religieuse. == Ngendam == Payne jibinaa ko e hitaande 1839 to wuro Kissy, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. Baaba makko ko galle laamɗo to Ijebu Ode . O wonnoo ko sehil [[James Johnson (assistant bishop of Western Equatorial Africa)|James Johnson]] no feewi, o wonnoo ko layman e gardiiɗo e nder galle laamorɗo Almasiihu to Lagos. O wasiyii kadi Awujale Ijebuland yo njaɓ misiyoŋaaji Kerecee’en. E dow doole maako, waajotooɗo Kerecee’en hokkaama laawol waajaago haa Ago Iwoye . Payne ina teskaa kadi e binndanɗe mum e nder almanaak mum hitaande kala . Ina jeyaa e naatgol makko, yeewtere ñaawirdu ex- Oba Dosunmu, mo noddanoo. Payne ina tuuma waɗde hunnde mawnde ndee rewrude e firo. == Wade == Payne waraa ko e hoɗorde mum to Lagos, tawi ko jom suudu mo anndaaka, waɗi ɗum e hitaande 1906. Warngo makko meeɗaa safreede. == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol warngooji ɗi njuumtaani (1900-1979) == Tuugnorgal == 0f2irvblvfz0ot666zqifs005zfaf15 177572 177571 2026-06-30T16:51:51Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Augustus Otonba Payne''' (1839 – 1906) ko hooreejo leydi Nijeer, gardiiɗo e winndiyanke, ko neɗɗo mawɗo to [[Lagos]] e nder teeminannde sappo e jeenay. O woniino mawɗo binnditagol e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Lagos kadi o woniino binnditagol e nder departemaaji koloñaal ceertuɗi ko wayi no suudu sarɗiiji polis, suudu sarɗiiji mawndu, suudu sarɗiiji siwil e ñaawirdu ñaawirdu e ñaawirdu ñamaale tokoose. O yaltinii hitaande kala Almanac Afrik hirnaange e Lagos yaltinoowo won e binndanɗe daartol. Ko kanko kadi woni noddinoowo yeewtere wiyeteende Société pour la propagation de l’éducation religieuse. == Ngendam == Payne jibinaa ko e hitaande 1839 to wuro Kissy, to leydi Siyeraa Leyoon. Baaba makko ko galle laamɗo to Ijebu Ode . O wonnoo ko sehil [[James Johnson (assistant bishop of Western Equatorial Africa)|James Johnson]] no feewi, o wonnoo ko layman e gardiiɗo e nder galle laamorɗo Almasiihu to Lagos. O wasiyii kadi Awujale Ijebuland yo njaɓ misiyoŋaaji Kerecee’en. E dow doole maako, waajotooɗo Kerecee’en hokkaama laawol waajaago haa Ago Iwoye . Payne ina teskaa kadi e binndanɗe mum e nder almanaak mum hitaande kala . Ina jeyaa e naatgol makko, yeewtere ñaawirdu ex- Oba Dosunmu, mo noddanoo. Payne ina tuuma waɗde hunnde mawnde ndee rewrude e firo. == Wade == Payne waraa ko e hoɗorde mum to Lagos, tawi ko jom suudu mo anndaaka, waɗi ɗum e hitaande 1906. Warngo makko meeɗaa safreede. == Ƴeew kadi == * Doggol warngooji ɗi njuumtaani (1900-1979) == Tuugnorgal == kcfwc5tsnabiwxkdtjku9vgtknb62mz 0 42862 177573 2026-06-30T16:54:08Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355185235|Arthur Richards, 1st Baron Milverton]]" 177573 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arthur Frederick Richards, 1st Baron Milverton''' GCMG (21 feebari 1885 - 27 oktoobar 1978), wonnoo jaagorɗo leydi Brite mo o golliima dow laamu laamu dow lesdi Borneo, Gambiya, [[Fiiji|Fiji]], Jamaika e [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]]. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Richards jibinaa ko to Bristol e hitaande 1885, ko o ɓiy William Richards. O janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Clifton to Bristol, , o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ Church, to Oxford, e hitaande 1907, o heɓi BA. == Sarwiis koloñaal == Richards naati e golle laamu Malawi e hitaande 1908. E hitaande 1921, o wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe koloñaal 1er balloowo koɗkiiji e nder geec . O woniino gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Malaisi e hitaande 1926, o woni jaagorgal timmungal gila 1927 haa 1929. O wonii gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Johore hakkunde 1929 e 1920, e hitaande 1930 haa 1933 o wonii guwerneer Northo. Caggal ɗum, o wonii Guwerneer Gammbiya tuggi 1933 haa 1936. O woniino guwerneer leydi Fiyi tuggi 1936 haa 1938, o joginoo ndeeɗoo jappeere e sahaa gooto e jappeere Komiseriyaa mawɗo Pasifik hirnaange . Tuggi 1938 haa 1943, o wonii guwerneer leydi Jamayka . Tuggude hitaande 1943 haa hitaande 1948, o wonii guwerneer leydi Nijeer . O anndiraama e nder Sarwiis Koloñaal ko ‘Old Sinister’. O wonii gardiiɗo Biro Koloñaal gadano umminaaɗo e peerage tawi omo woni e laamu. E hitaande 1986, gonnooɗo binndoowo makko keeriiɗo to leydi Niiseer, hono Richard Peel, yaltinii deftere ciimtol Richards, tiitoonde mum ko ''“Sinister ɓooyɗo: ciimtol Sir Arthur Richards”'' . == Politik == E nder suudu sarɗiiji Milverton jooɗiima e lannda Labour haa hitaande 1949 nde, nde o salii peeje ngenndiyaŋkaagal Labour, o naati lannda Liberal . Ɓooytaani o naati lannda Conservateur . == Teddungal == O waɗtaa CMG e hitaande 1933, o toɗɗaa e KCMG e hitaande 1935, o artiraa kadi e GCMG e hitaande 1942. E hitaande 1947 o toɗɗaa e peerage hono '''Baron Milverton''', mo Lagos e mo Clifton to wuro Bristol . O toɗɗaa kadi ko K.St.J., o rokkaa kadi njeenaari ndimaagu Amerik e palme kaalis. == Caalaje == E hitaande 1927, Richards resi Noelle Benda Whitehead (18 desaambar 1904 – 11 suwee 2010), ɓiy Charles Basil Whitehead. O sankii ko e lewru oktoobar 1978, omo yahra e duuɓi 93, lomtii mo e laamu Baron, ko ɓiyiiko mawɗo, hono Revd Fraser Arthur Richards. Baron ɗiɗaɓo oo sankii ko e lewru ut 2023, lomtii mo tiitoonde ndee ko miñiiko biyeteeɗo Michael Hugh Richards (jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 ut 1936), Baron tataɓo oo. glv4zrncd50a8gd6yk5x2v9vicy4o1r 177574 177573 2026-06-30T16:54:43Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Frederick Richards, 1st Baron Milverton''' GCMG (21 feebari 1885 - 27 oktoobar 1978), wonnoo jaagorɗo leydi Brite mo o golliima dow laamu laamu dow lesdi Borneo, Gambiya, [[Fiiji|Fiji]], Jamaika e [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]]. == Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol == Richards jibinaa ko to Bristol e hitaande 1885, ko o ɓiy William Richards. O janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Clifton to Bristol, , o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ Church, to Oxford, e hitaande 1907, o heɓi BA. == Sarwiis koloñaal == Richards naati e golle laamu Malawi e hitaande 1908. E hitaande 1921, o wonti gardiiɗo jaagorɗe koloñaal 1er balloowo koɗkiiji e nder geec . O woniino gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Malaisi e hitaande 1926, o woni jaagorgal timmungal gila 1927 haa 1929. O wonii gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Johore hakkunde 1929 e 1920, e hitaande 1930 haa 1933 o wonii guwerneer Northo. Caggal ɗum, o wonii Guwerneer Gammbiya tuggi 1933 haa 1936. O woniino guwerneer leydi Fiyi tuggi 1936 haa 1938, o joginoo ndeeɗoo jappeere e sahaa gooto e jappeere Komiseriyaa mawɗo Pasifik hirnaange . Tuggi 1938 haa 1943, o wonii guwerneer leydi Jamayka . Tuggude hitaande 1943 haa hitaande 1948, o wonii guwerneer leydi Nijeer . O anndiraama e nder Sarwiis Koloñaal ko ‘Old Sinister’. O wonii gardiiɗo Biro Koloñaal gadano umminaaɗo e peerage tawi omo woni e laamu. E hitaande 1986, gonnooɗo binndoowo makko keeriiɗo to leydi Niiseer, hono Richard Peel, yaltinii deftere ciimtol Richards, tiitoonde mum ko ''“Sinister ɓooyɗo: ciimtol Sir Arthur Richards”'' . == Politik == E nder suudu sarɗiiji Milverton jooɗiima e lannda Labour haa hitaande 1949 nde, nde o salii peeje ngenndiyaŋkaagal Labour, o naati lannda Liberal . Ɓooytaani o naati lannda Conservateur . == Teddungal == O waɗtaa CMG e hitaande 1933, o toɗɗaa e KCMG e hitaande 1935, o artiraa kadi e GCMG e hitaande 1942. E hitaande 1947 o toɗɗaa e peerage hono '''Baron Milverton''', mo Lagos e mo Clifton to wuro Bristol . O toɗɗaa kadi ko K.St.J., o rokkaa kadi njeenaari ndimaagu Amerik e palme kaalis. == Caalaje == E hitaande 1927, Richards resi Noelle Benda Whitehead (18 desaambar 1904 – 11 suwee 2010), ɓiy Charles Basil Whitehead. O sankii ko e lewru oktoobar 1978, omo yahra e duuɓi 93, lomtii mo e laamu Baron, ko ɓiyiiko mawɗo, hono Revd Fraser Arthur Richards. Baron ɗiɗaɓo oo sankii ko e lewru ut 2023, lomtii mo tiitoonde ndee ko miñiiko biyeteeɗo Michael Hugh Richards (jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 ut 1936), Baron tataɓo oo. ==firooji== tipp4vfolfkkztkkt258ebaqv0f9mvi 0 42863 177575 2026-06-30T16:56:56Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Satty Davies Gogwim''' (27 lewru juko 1949 – 6 lewru abriil 2021) ko politikaajo leydi Najeriya, o woniino senaateer to diiwaan senateeruuji hakkundeeji Plateau gila 5 lewru juko hitaande 2007 haa 6 lewru juko hitaande 2011. O jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe[ PDP1). Gogwim heɓi dipolomaaji mawɗi e nder Konte/Budget, Dipolomaaji e sariya e dipolomaaji mawɗi e nder sariyaaji / Njuɓɓudi fitinaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos. O wonti Ofiisaajo Kaalis E nd..." 177575 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Satty Davies Gogwim''' (27 lewru juko 1949 – 6 lewru abriil 2021) ko politikaajo leydi Najeriya, o woniino senaateer to diiwaan senateeruuji hakkundeeji Plateau gila 5 lewru juko hitaande 2007 haa 6 lewru juko hitaande 2011. O jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe[ PDP1). Gogwim heɓi dipolomaaji mawɗi e nder Konte/Budget, Dipolomaaji e sariya e dipolomaaji mawɗi e nder sariyaaji / Njuɓɓudi fitinaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos. O wonti Ofiisaajo Kaalis E nder Konu Naajeeriya, Ofiisaajo Njuɓɓudi, Ofiisaajo Audit e Ofiisaajo Budget.[1] == Golle politik == Gogwim suɓaama ngam lomtaade Plateau Central e nder Senaa e wooteeji lewru abriil 2007 e tikket Kongres Action (AC).  Kono caggal mum o arti e PDP sabu mettere makko e ardorde ngenndiire AC.[2]  Caggal nde o jooɗii e Senaa, o toɗɗaa e goomuuji ko faati e ngalu ndiyam, Privatisation, Integration & Coopération, Industrie, Komiseer ngenndiijo wooteeji jeytaare e Narkotik Narkotik Anti Corruption.[1] E nder ƴeewndo hakkundeejo senaateeruuji e lewru mee 2009, ThisDay teskiima wonde Gogwim ina joginoo ballal ngam ƴeewde ƴeewndorɗe yiyteede e kisal ngenndiwal, waylude sariya ƴeewndorɗe cellal ngenndiije, kaalis ƴellitaare infrastructure ngenndiijo e ƴeewndorɗe doole VIH mo tuumaaɗo waɗde bonanndeeji goɗɗi, e.  O wallitii no feewi e jeewte e nder batu nguu, omo jokkondiri e golle goomu nguu.[3] E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e lewru Yarkomaa 2010, Gogwim haali ko faati e luural jokkiingal e nder diiwaan Plateau hakkunde guwerneer Jonah Jang e fedde nde gonnooɗo senateer Ibrahim Mantu e gonnooɗo guwerneer Joshua Dariye ardii, o wiyi caɗeele diiwaan oo fof ko e juuɗe maɓɓe ngoni.  O haali kadi ko feewti e eɓɓaande wonde politikaaji yaltuɗi e lannda mum en ina poti ustude jooɗorɗe mum en otooji, o siftini wonde nde o wayli e PDP ndee yimɓe makko fof ngari e makko, ko fitinaaji tan keddii caggal e nder AC.[4] == Tuugnorgal == 2vxxijrxmehibyzlj9yiemem1wbe1jr 177580 177575 2026-06-30T19:38:20Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Satty Davies Gogwim''' (27 lewru juko 1949 – 6 lewru abriil 2021) ko politikaajo leydi Najeriya, o woniino senaateer to diiwaan senateeruuji hakkundeeji Plateau gila 5 lewru juko hitaande 2007 haa 6 lewru juko hitaande 2011. O jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe[ PDP1). Gogwim heɓi dipolomaaji mawɗi e nder Konte/Budget, Dipolomaaji e sariya e dipolomaaji mawɗi e nder sariyaaji / Njuɓɓudi fitinaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jos. O wonti Ofiisaajo Kaalis E nder Konu Naajeeriya, Ofiisaajo Njuɓɓudi, Ofiisaajo Audit e Ofiisaajo Budget. <ref name="nassnig">{{cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=104&page=1&state=32|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192636/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=104&page=1&state=32|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-03-03|publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria|title=Sen. Satty D. Gogwim|accessdate=2010-06-07}}</ref>le politik Gogwim suɓaama ngam lomtaade Plateau Central e nder Senaa e wooteeji lewru abriil 2007 e tikket Kongres Action (AC).  Kono caggal mum o arti e PDP sabu mettere makko e ardorde ngenndiire AC.[2]  Caggal nde o jooɗii e Senaa, o toɗɗaa e goomuuji ko faati e ngalu ndiyam, Privatisation, Integration & Coopération, Industrie, Komiseer ngenndiijo wooteeji jeytaare e Narkotik Narkotik Anti Corruption. E nder ƴeewndo hakkundeejo senaateeruuji e lewru mee 2009, ThisDay teskiima wonde Gogwim ina joginoo ballal ngam ƴeewde ƴeewndorɗe yiyteede e kisal ngenndiwal, waylude sariya ƴeewndorɗe cellal ngenndiije, kaalis ƴellitaare infrastructure ngenndiijo e ƴeewndorɗe doole VIH mo tuumaaɗo waɗde bonanndeeji goɗɗi, e.  O wallitii no feewi e jeewte e nder batu nguu, omo jokkondiri e golle goomu nguu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200905250350.html?viewall=1|title=An Improved Senate, But Some Uninspiring Senators...|work=ThisDay|date=24 May 2009|accessdate=2010-06-07}}</ref> E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e lewru Yarkomaa 2010, Gogwim haali ko faati e luural jokkiingal e nder diiwaan Plateau hakkunde guwerneer Jonah Jang e fedde nde gonnooɗo senateer Ibrahim Mantu e gonnooɗo guwerneer Joshua Dariye ardii, o wiyi caɗeele diiwaan oo fof ko e juuɗe maɓɓe ngoni.  O haali kadi ko feewti e eɓɓaande wonde politikaaji yaltuɗi e lannda mum en ina poti ustude jooɗorɗe mum en otooji, o siftini wonde nde o wayli e PDP ndee yimɓe makko fof ngari e makko, ko fitinaaji tan keddii caggal e nder AC. == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 4nsi9a071sbt4npiaakaxopa4p15f5g 0 42864 177576 2026-06-30T16:58:46Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355729172|Richmond Palmer]]" 177576 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Herbert Richmond Palmer''' KCMG CBE (20 abriil 1877 - 22 mee 1958) wonnoo laamɗo leydi Ingiltere, mo laati laamɗo leydi leydi Ingilterra nder wakkati konu duuniyaaru. O waɗi gollal hooreejo leydi Nigeria, hooreejo leydi Gambiya e hooreejo leydi Ciiprus. == Nguurndam gadano == Palmer jibinaa ko e hitaande 1877 to Lancaster, e galle Robert Palmer, banke, to galle banke, to galle laamorɗo biyeteeɗo Kirkby Lonsdale e Mary Chippendall, ɓe resndaa ñalnde 11 mee 1867 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lancaster . Mary ko taaniiko debbo John Higgin gonɗo guwerneer laamorde Lancaster gila 1783 haa 1833. Palmer janngi ko e duɗal Oundle to Northamptonshire, o winnditaa e hitaande 1895 ko o batte keewɗo faayiida . O yahi to Trinity Hall, to Cambridge e hitaande 1896, o woni ganndo jannguɗo defte binndaaɗe. O heɓi BA makko e hitaande 1899, o heɓi Bachelor makko e sariya hitaande caggal ɗuum. Nde o woni to Cambridge, o fiyi rugby club ngam duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge, o rokkaa Blue, fiyde baagal tati-nay, e hitaande 1899 e nder pottital rugby Varsity e Oxford. E hitaande 1899 o wonti tergal e fedde noddaango Percy Carpmael, wiyeteende Barbariyankooɓe . Ko o suka no feewi ngam wiyeede Bar, o golliima laawol makko to [[Çalifonia|Kaliforni]], o woni stoker e hitaande 1903 ngam ƴeewde fartaŋŋeeji e nder njulaagu kaŋŋe. Nde o arti e San Francisco, o noddiraa to The Bar ñalnde 15 lewru nduu 1904, o naatnaa e Temple hakkundeejo . O heɓi njeenaari Master e hitaande 1910. == Sarwiis Koloñaal == === Naajeeriya === Palmer waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e golle mum juutɗe e nder leydi Najeriya . Ko adii fof ko e les njiimaandi [[Frederik Lugard, ko Baron Lugard gadano|Lugard]], Komiseer mawɗo to [[Fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya|bannge worgo leydi Nijeer]], ko Lugard joginoo haa hitaande 1906. Palmer toɗɗaama balloowo Resident nder diiwalji lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1904. Gooto nder kuuɗe maako arandeeje woni huuwugo ngam ittugo maccuɓe ɓe ɗon mari haaje nder diiwalji woylaare. Toɗɗagol Palmer e hitaande 1905 ko huunde waylunde e nder daartol laamu Angalteer to [[Katsina]] . Nde o heɓi laamu, golle gadane ɗe Palmer waɗi ko yuɓɓinde diiwanuuji, ɗo diiwanuuji kesi sappo e jeenay sosaa. Kala heen gooto waɗtaa e les njiimaandi hooreejo diiwaan toppitiiɗo Emir. Diiwanuuji kesi ɗii ɓeydii fecceede e nder diiwanuuji tokoosi, ngam newnude njuɓɓudi Emiraaji ɗii no haanirta nii gila e dow leydi. Palmer toɗɗii Muhammadu Dikko e laamu Emir Katsina e hitaande 1906 ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu gollondiral makko e laamu Angalteer. Ko ɗum yeru gadano e Palmer ƴettude miijo Lugard e laamu ngu aldaa e laawol . O jeyaa ko e ɓurɓe maantinde e fedde ofiseeji politik gardinooɗi e ardiiɗi daɗndooji Emiraaji Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e dente politik goɗɗe, e nder duuɓi gonɗi e ƴellitaade hedde 1910. E hitaande 1911, Palmer wonnoo ko Komisariyaa Native Revenue to fuɗnaange leydi ndii. Feere maɓɓe jaɓaama, Lugard tabitini ɗum e gartugol mum. E hitaande 1912, Lugard arti e Hong Kong, o arti e leydi Nijeer, o woni guwerneer e nder diiwanuuji reentorɗi worgo e fuɗnaange. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e golle Lugard ko timminde kawral ngal e nder koloñaal gooto. Hay so tawii ko luural to Lagos, ɗo taƴre mawnde e nder renndo politik e jaayɗe luulndii ɗum, kawral ngal umminaani njiimaandi e nder leydi ndii. Tuggi 1914 haa 1919, Lugard woni Guwerneer Seneraal Koloni Naajeeriya hawtuɗo jooni oo . [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fov4tx9l7x7uk4t4gsxkl6rdzdygfz8 177577 177576 2026-06-30T16:59:24Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Herbert Richmond Palmer''' KCMG CBE (20 abriil 1877 - 22 mee 1958) wonnoo laamɗo leydi Ingiltere, mo laati laamɗo leydi leydi Ingilterra nder wakkati konu duuniyaaru. O waɗi gollal hooreejo leydi Nigeria, hooreejo leydi Gambiya e hooreejo leydi Ciiprus. == Nguurndam gadano == Palmer jibinaa ko e hitaande 1877 to Lancaster, e galle Robert Palmer, banke, to galle banke, to galle laamorɗo biyeteeɗo Kirkby Lonsdale e Mary Chippendall, ɓe resndaa ñalnde 11 mee 1867 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lancaster . Mary ko taaniiko debbo John Higgin gonɗo guwerneer laamorde Lancaster gila 1783 haa 1833. Palmer janngi ko e duɗal Oundle to Northamptonshire, o winnditaa e hitaande 1895 ko o batte keewɗo faayiida . O yahi to Trinity Hall, to Cambridge e hitaande 1896, o woni ganndo jannguɗo defte binndaaɗe. O heɓi BA makko e hitaande 1899, o heɓi Bachelor makko e sariya hitaande caggal ɗuum. Nde o woni to Cambridge, o fiyi rugby club ngam duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge, o rokkaa Blue, fiyde baagal tati-nay, e hitaande 1899 e nder pottital rugby Varsity e Oxford. E hitaande 1899 o wonti tergal e fedde noddaango Percy Carpmael, wiyeteende Barbariyankooɓe . Ko o suka no feewi ngam wiyeede Bar, o golliima laawol makko to [[Çalifonia|Kaliforni]], o woni stoker e hitaande 1903 ngam ƴeewde fartaŋŋeeji e nder njulaagu kaŋŋe. Nde o arti e San Francisco, o noddiraa to The Bar ñalnde 15 lewru nduu 1904, o naatnaa e Temple hakkundeejo . O heɓi njeenaari Master e hitaande 1910. == Sarwiis Koloñaal == === Naajeeriya === Palmer waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e golle mum juutɗe e nder leydi Najeriya . Ko adii fof ko e les njiimaandi [[Frederik Lugard, ko Baron Lugard gadano|Lugard]], Komiseer mawɗo to [[Fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya|bannge worgo leydi Nijeer]], ko Lugard joginoo haa hitaande 1906. Palmer toɗɗaama balloowo Resident nder diiwalji lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1904. Gooto nder kuuɗe maako arandeeje woni huuwugo ngam ittugo maccuɓe ɓe ɗon mari haaje nder diiwalji woylaare. Toɗɗagol Palmer e hitaande 1905 ko huunde waylunde e nder daartol laamu Angalteer to [[Katsina]] . Nde o heɓi laamu, golle gadane ɗe Palmer waɗi ko yuɓɓinde diiwanuuji, ɗo diiwanuuji kesi sappo e jeenay sosaa. Kala heen gooto waɗtaa e les njiimaandi hooreejo diiwaan toppitiiɗo Emir. Diiwanuuji kesi ɗii ɓeydii fecceede e nder diiwanuuji tokoosi, ngam newnude njuɓɓudi Emiraaji ɗii no haanirta nii gila e dow leydi. Palmer toɗɗii Muhammadu Dikko e laamu Emir Katsina e hitaande 1906 ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu gollondiral makko e laamu Angalteer. Ko ɗum yeru gadano e Palmer ƴettude miijo Lugard e laamu ngu aldaa e laawol . O jeyaa ko e ɓurɓe maantinde e fedde ofiseeji politik gardinooɗi e ardiiɗi daɗndooji Emiraaji Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e dente politik goɗɗe, e nder duuɓi gonɗi e ƴellitaade hedde 1910. E hitaande 1911, Palmer wonnoo ko Komisariyaa Native Revenue to fuɗnaange leydi ndii. Feere maɓɓe jaɓaama, Lugard tabitini ɗum e gartugol mum. E hitaande 1912, Lugard arti e Hong Kong, o arti e leydi Nijeer, o woni guwerneer e nder diiwanuuji reentorɗi worgo e fuɗnaange. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e golle Lugard ko timminde kawral ngal e nder koloñaal gooto. Hay so tawii ko luural to Lagos, ɗo taƴre mawnde e nder renndo politik e jaayɗe luulndii ɗum, kawral ngal umminaani njiimaandi e nder leydi ndii. Tuggi 1914 haa 1919, Lugard woni Guwerneer Seneraal Koloni Naajeeriya hawtuɗo jooni oo . [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ==firooji== g0oa15nnnrmoyze88ee2t3lya8st2e9 0 42865 177578 2026-06-30T17:12:37Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347609137|John Rankine (colonial administrator)]]" 177578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir John Dalzell Rankine''' KCMG KCVO KStJ (8 lewru Juun 1907 - 19 feebari 1987) wonnoo jaagorɗo leydi Brite. == Nguurndam e golle puɗɗaaɗe == Rankine janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ’s College, to Christchurch, to leydi Nuwel Selannde, o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Exeter, to Oxford, e hitaande 1930. Caggal nde o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder [[Ugannda|leydi Uganndaa]] e hitaande 1931, o wonti balloowo binndoowo to [[East African Governor's Conference|batu guwerneer fuɗnaange Afrik]] e hitaande 1931. == Darnde njuɓɓudi mawnde == Rankine woniino balloowo hooreejo leydi [[Fiiji|Fiyi]] tuggi 1942 haa 1945 ; e nder ooɗoo sahaa o wonii laabi ɗiɗi Guwerneer e nder darnde joofnirde. Caggal ɗuum o wonti hooreejo koloñaal Barbados tuggi 1945 haa 1947, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo hooreejo leydi [[Keniya|Keñiya]] tuggi 1947 haa 1951. E nder oon sahaa kadi o ardii njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare e mahngo leydi Keñiya. Rankine wonnoo ko hoɗnooɗo to Sansibar tuggi 1952 haa 1954, biro mo baaba makko, hono Richard Rankine, joginoo ko adii ɗuum tuggi 1929 haa 1937. E dow laabi, biro hoɗnooɗo e nder Protektorat Angalteer ina fotnoo wonde biro ammbasadeer. E goonga, ɗum waɗi mo guwerneer koloñaal e nder kala ko ina wona innde, sibu Resident ko ''ex officio'' vizier to Sultan Sansibar, ina joginoo denndaangal doole guurɗe. O yahi haa o laati Gomnaajo Hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1954 haa hitaande 1960, nde [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ndimu. Rankine teddinaama e CMG e hitaande 1947 e teddungal ñalngu nguu, KCMG e hitaande 1954, [[Brilliant Start of Zanzibar|Hoodere jaayre Sansibar, 1er Class]] e hitaande 1954, KCVO e hitaande 1956, e KStJ e hitaande 1958. {{S-start}} {{s-gov}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Acting [[Governor of Fiji]]}} {{S-aft}} |- {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Acting [[Governor of Fiji]]}} {{S-aft}} |- {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Resident of Zanzibar]]}} {{S-aft}} |- {{s-new|office}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of Western Nigeria]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}} == Tuugnorgal == nbxrr2jqqora0mhntmmz1c25aoz76th 177579 177578 2026-06-30T17:12:57Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir John Dalzell Rankine''' KCMG KCVO KStJ (8 lewru Juun 1907 - 19 feebari 1987) wonnoo jaagorɗo leydi Brite. == Nguurndam e golle puɗɗaaɗe == Rankine janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ’s College, to Christchurch, to leydi Nuwel Selannde, o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Exeter, to Oxford, e hitaande 1930. Caggal nde o fuɗɗii golle makko e nder [[Ugannda|leydi Uganndaa]] e hitaande 1931, o wonti balloowo binndoowo to [[East African Governor's Conference|batu guwerneer fuɗnaange Afrik]] e hitaande 1931. == Darnde njuɓɓudi mawnde == Rankine woniino balloowo hooreejo leydi [[Fiiji|Fiyi]] tuggi 1942 haa 1945 ; e nder ooɗoo sahaa o wonii laabi ɗiɗi Guwerneer e nder darnde joofnirde. Caggal ɗuum o wonti hooreejo koloñaal Barbados tuggi 1945 haa 1947, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo hooreejo leydi [[Keniya|Keñiya]] tuggi 1947 haa 1951. E nder oon sahaa kadi o ardii njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare e mahngo leydi Keñiya. Rankine wonnoo ko hoɗnooɗo to Sansibar tuggi 1952 haa 1954, biro mo baaba makko, hono Richard Rankine, joginoo ko adii ɗuum tuggi 1929 haa 1937. E dow laabi, biro hoɗnooɗo e nder Protektorat Angalteer ina fotnoo wonde biro ammbasadeer. E goonga, ɗum waɗi mo guwerneer koloñaal e nder kala ko ina wona innde, sibu Resident ko ''ex officio'' vizier to Sultan Sansibar, ina joginoo denndaangal doole guurɗe. O yahi haa o laati Gomnaajo Hirnaange lesdi Naajeeriya diga hitaande 1954 haa hitaande 1960, nde [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ndimu. Rankine teddinaama e CMG e hitaande 1947 e teddungal ñalngu nguu, KCMG e hitaande 1954, [[Brilliant Start of Zanzibar|Hoodere jaayre Sansibar, 1er Class]] e hitaande 1954, KCVO e hitaande 1956, e KStJ e hitaande 1958. {{S-start}} {{s-gov}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Acting [[Governor of Fiji]]}} {{S-aft}} |- {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Acting [[Governor of Fiji]]}} {{S-aft}} |- {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Resident of Zanzibar]]}} {{S-aft}} |- {{s-new|office}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of Western Nigeria]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}} == Tuugnorgal == 56qakt3brzff1jsa4j0mhbu7feviloi 0 42866 177581 2026-06-30T19:46:40Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Joshua Chibi Dariye''' (jibinaa ko 27 lewru juko hitaande 1957) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o laati senateer wakiiliijo lesdi Plateau Central diga 2011 haa 2019. O laati guwerneer lesdi Plateau diga 1906 haa 2019.  Caggal mum o artiraa e laamu to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Najeriya e hitaande wootere, o jokki e laamu makko haa lewru mee 2007.[1] == Ɓawo == Dariye jibinaa ko Mushere, Bokkos e nder diiwaan Plateau, leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko jom njulaagu hade makko..." 177581 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joshua Chibi Dariye''' (jibinaa ko 27 lewru juko hitaande 1957) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o laati senateer wakiiliijo lesdi Plateau Central diga 2011 haa 2019. O laati guwerneer lesdi Plateau diga 1906 haa 2019.  Caggal mum o artiraa e laamu to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Najeriya e hitaande wootere, o jokki e laamu makko haa lewru mee 2007.[1] == Ɓawo == Dariye jibinaa ko Mushere, Bokkos e nder diiwaan Plateau, leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko jom njulaagu hade makko naatde e politik.  O woniino kadi mooftuɗo Olusegun Obasanjo ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1999 kam e wooteeji potɗi waɗeede e hitaande 2003.[2] == Golle politik == Gomnaajo lesdi Plateau Ko o guwerneer, Dariye nanngaa ko to Londres, Angalteer ñalnde 20 lewru bowte hitaande 2004.[3]  Sabu guwerneeruuji leydi Naajeeriya ina ndeeni immunity e nder laamu mum en, Komiseer toppitiiɗo ko feewti e faggudu e kaalis (EFCC) nanngi mo e hitaande 2007 nde laamu mum timmi, tawi ko o ñaawoowo kaalis fotde miliyoŋaaji 9 dolaar.[3] == Ƴeewirde laamu == E fuɗɗoode lewru oktoobar 2006, terɗe asammbelee dowri 8 e nder terɗe capanɗe jeegom e nay (24) njaltinii bayyinaango ngam ittude Dariye.  E nder deftere makko, o hollitii wonde noddaango ngoo ina selli sibu 8 ɓee mbaɗaani quorum e nder asaambele oo no sariya yamiri nii.  Jamaanu wallidiiɓe Dariye etiima haɗde terɗe asamblee ɗe naatde e galle asamblee diiwaan oo.  Ndeen poliseeɓe fitinaaji njani e jamaanu nguu, mbari seppooɓe ɗiɗo.[4] Dariye woppitaa ñalnde 13 noowammbar 2006. Cukko makko, hono Michael Botmang, lomtii mo guwerneer.  Ñalnde 10 marse 2007, caggal nde Ñaawirde Toownde (Cour d’appel) yamiri yo Dariye artire e laamu guwerneer, laamu leydi ndii hollitii anniya mum ñaawde to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Najeriya.[5]  Ñalnde 27 abriil 2007, Ñaawirde Toownde salii ɗaɓɓaande laamu leydi ndii, laaɓtinii kadi ko fayti e gartugol Dariye.[6] Caggal nde o artiraa e laamu, manndaa Dariye e gardagol guwerneer diiwaan Plateau joofi ko ñalnde 29 mee 2007.[7] '''Seneraal''' E lewru saawiyee 2011, Dariye suɓaama senaateer to diiwaan senaateeruuji hakkundeejo Plateau e les njiimaandi lannda Labour.  O heɓi 189 140 woote, o fooli Dawuda Gowon mo PDP, miñiiko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi, Yakubu Gowon, mo heɓi 160 106 woote.[8]  Ñalnde 28 marse 2015, o artiraa caggal nde o heɓi 189 150 woote.[9] == Ñaawoore warhoore == Huunde Naajeeriya ko feewti e njulaagu, Komisiyoŋ toppitiiɗo ko feewti e njulaagu e kaalis (EFCC), e hitaande 2007, waɗii ñaawoore 23 ngam ustude kaalis, tawi ina tuumaa ko ina wona miliyaaruuji N1.126 kaalis ekolosii laamu diiwaan Plateau, e dow Dariye.[10] O jaɓaani tuume ɗe ñaawoowo ñaawoore ndee, hono Justice Adebukola Banjoko, ƴetti ñalnde 13 noowammbar 2007 ngam fuɗɗaade ñaawoore ndee. Kono hade oon ñalngu, Dariye waɗii ɗaɓɓaande, ina luulndii mbaawka ñaawoore ndee e mbaawka ñaawirdu nduu.  O wiyi o foti ko ñaaweede yeeso Ñaawirde Toownde Plateau State wonaa Ñaawirde Toownde FCT. Ñalnde 13 desaambar 2007, ñaawoowo ñaawoore oo heɗii, jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande Dariye nde tawnoo alaa ko woni heen.  Dariye wullitiima kuulal ñaawirdu nduu.  Ammaa Division Abuja mo suudu kiitaaji lesdi tabbitini kuugal Justice Banjoko.  Dariye caggal mum wullitii to Ñaawirde Toownde.[11] Kono ñaawirde toownde, ñalnde 27 feebariyee 2015, jaɓaani wullitaango Dariye, yamiri yo o rokku hoore makko ñaawoore.[11] == Ñaawoore ndee fuɗɗotoo == Ñaawoore Ñaawirde Toownde yaltinaande ñalnde 27 feebariyee 2015, ñaawoore gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Plateau fuɗɗii caggal fotde duuɓi jeenay ñalnde 26 lewru Yarkomaa 2016.[10]  EFCC noddi seedtotooɗo mum gadano ñaawoore, hono Musa Sunday, ko detektor e nder fedde haɓantoonde fenaande, ko kanko wonnoo e wiɗto Dariye ngam ñaawoore nde o tuumaa.  Ñalnde alet, e nder seedantaagal makko yeeso Ñaawirde Banjoko rokki limto ciimtol wiɗto ekipaaji makko holliri no kaalis ekkolooji keɓaaɗo e Dariye, hono guwerneer diiwaan Plateau e oon sahaa, tuumaama diwti.[10] == Koolkisagol == Ñaawirde mawnde leydi laamorgo leydi ndii, Gudu, Abuja, ñalnde talaata 12 lewru juko hitaande 2018, ñaawii Dariye duuɓi 14 kasoo ngam tuumeede warngooji baɗnooɗi e hoolaare e huutoraade kaalis (1,6 miliyaar naira) nde o woni guwerneer diiwaan Plateau.  Ndeen ñaawoore ndee ñaawaama, haa jooni, Ñaawirde Toownde rokki ñaawoore sakkitiinde, duuɓi 10 kasoo ngam bonannde nde o waɗi ndee.[12][13] '''Ustugol dumunna kasoo''' pazs2tax5yhgu43ro55cuu0o09mejj5 177582 177581 2026-06-30T19:52:39Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Joshua Chibi Dariye''' (jibinaa ko 27 lewru juko hitaande 1957) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o laati senateer wakiiliijo lesdi Plateau Central diga 2011 haa 2019. O laati guwerneer lesdi Plateau diga 1906 haa 2019.  Caggal mum o artiraa e laamu to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Najeriya e hitaande wootere, o jokki e laamu makko haa lewru mee 2007.[1] == Ɓawo == Dariye jibinaa ko Mushere, Bokkos e nder diiwaan Plateau, leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko jom njulaagu hade makko naatde e politik.  O woniino kadi mooftuɗo Olusegun Obasanjo ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1999 kam e wooteeji potɗi waɗeede e hitaande 2003.[2] == Golle politik == Gomnaajo lesdi Plateau Ko o guwerneer, Dariye nanngaa ko to Londres, Angalteer ñalnde 20 lewru bowte hitaande 2004.[3]  Sabu guwerneeruuji leydi Naajeeriya ina ndeeni immunity e nder laamu mum en, Komiseer toppitiiɗo ko feewti e faggudu e kaalis (EFCC) nanngi mo e hitaande 2007 nde laamu mum timmi, tawi ko o ñaawoowo kaalis fotde miliyoŋaaji 9 dolaar.[3] == Ƴeewirde laamu == E fuɗɗoode lewru oktoobar 2006, terɗe asammbelee dowri 8 e nder terɗe capanɗe jeegom e nay (24) njaltinii bayyinaango ngam ittude Dariye.  E nder deftere makko, o hollitii wonde noddaango ngoo ina selli sibu 8 ɓee mbaɗaani quorum e nder asaambele oo no sariya yamiri nii.  Jamaanu wallidiiɓe Dariye etiima haɗde terɗe asamblee ɗe naatde e galle asamblee diiwaan oo.  Ndeen poliseeɓe fitinaaji njani e jamaanu nguu, mbari seppooɓe ɗiɗo.[4] Dariye woppitaa ñalnde 13 noowammbar 2006. Cukko makko, hono Michael Botmang, lomtii mo guwerneer.  Ñalnde 10 marse 2007, caggal nde Ñaawirde Toownde (Cour d’appel) yamiri yo Dariye artire e laamu guwerneer, laamu leydi ndii hollitii anniya mum ñaawde to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Najeriya.[5]  Ñalnde 27 abriil 2007, Ñaawirde Toownde salii ɗaɓɓaande laamu leydi ndii, laaɓtinii kadi ko fayti e gartugol Dariye.[6] Caggal nde o artiraa e laamu, manndaa Dariye e gardagol guwerneer diiwaan Plateau joofi ko ñalnde 29 mee 2007.[7] '''Seneraal''' E lewru saawiyee 2011, Dariye suɓaama senaateer to diiwaan senaateeruuji hakkundeejo Plateau e les njiimaandi lannda Labour.  O heɓi 189 140 woote, o fooli Dawuda Gowon mo PDP, miñiiko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi, Yakubu Gowon, mo heɓi 160 106 woote.[8]  Ñalnde 28 marse 2015, o artiraa caggal nde o heɓi 189 150 woote.[9] == Ñaawoore warhoore == Huunde Naajeeriya ko feewti e njulaagu, Komisiyoŋ toppitiiɗo ko feewti e njulaagu e kaalis (EFCC), e hitaande 2007, waɗii ñaawoore 23 ngam ustude kaalis, tawi ina tuumaa ko ina wona miliyaaruuji N1.126 kaalis ekolosii laamu diiwaan Plateau, e dow Dariye.[10] O jaɓaani tuume ɗe ñaawoowo ñaawoore ndee, hono Justice Adebukola Banjoko, ƴetti ñalnde 13 noowammbar 2007 ngam fuɗɗaade ñaawoore ndee. Kono hade oon ñalngu, Dariye waɗii ɗaɓɓaande, ina luulndii mbaawka ñaawoore ndee e mbaawka ñaawirdu nduu.  O wiyi o foti ko ñaaweede yeeso Ñaawirde Toownde Plateau State wonaa Ñaawirde Toownde FCT. Ñalnde 13 desaambar 2007, ñaawoowo ñaawoore oo heɗii, jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande Dariye nde tawnoo alaa ko woni heen.  Dariye wullitiima kuulal ñaawirdu nduu.  Ammaa Division Abuja mo suudu kiitaaji lesdi tabbitini kuugal Justice Banjoko.  Dariye caggal mum wullitii to Ñaawirde Toownde.[11] Kono ñaawirde toownde, ñalnde 27 feebariyee 2015, jaɓaani wullitaango Dariye, yamiri yo o rokku hoore makko ñaawoore.[11] == Ñaawoore ndee fuɗɗotoo == Ñaawoore Ñaawirde Toownde yaltinaande ñalnde 27 feebariyee 2015, ñaawoore gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Plateau fuɗɗii caggal fotde duuɓi jeenay ñalnde 26 lewru Yarkomaa 2016.[10]  EFCC noddi seedtotooɗo mum gadano ñaawoore, hono Musa Sunday, ko detektor e nder fedde haɓantoonde fenaande, ko kanko wonnoo e wiɗto Dariye ngam ñaawoore nde o tuumaa.  Ñalnde alet, e nder seedantaagal makko yeeso Ñaawirde Banjoko rokki limto ciimtol wiɗto ekipaaji makko holliri no kaalis ekkolooji keɓaaɗo e Dariye, hono guwerneer diiwaan Plateau e oon sahaa, tuumaama diwti.[10] == Koolkisagol == Ñaawirde mawnde leydi laamorgo leydi ndii, Gudu, Abuja, ñalnde talaata 12 lewru juko hitaande 2018, ñaawii Dariye duuɓi 14 kasoo ngam tuumeede warngooji baɗnooɗi e hoolaare e huutoraade kaalis (1,6 miliyaar naira) nde o woni guwerneer diiwaan Plateau.  Ndeen ñaawoore ndee ñaawaama, haa jooni, Ñaawirde Toownde rokki ñaawoore sakkitiinde, duuɓi 10 kasoo ngam bonannde nde o waɗi ndee.[12][13] '''Ustugol dumunna kasoo''' Ñaawirde kuuge winndereere jooɗnde to Abuja ñalnde aset 16 noowammbar 2018, ustii duuɓi 14 ñaawoore Dariye, haa duuɓi 10.  Hooreejo ñaawirdu nduu, hono Justice Stephen Adah, ustii ñaawoore ndee e nder limlebbi ɗii, haa duuɓi 10, tawi noon, duuɓi ɗiɗi ɗii, ustaama haa hitaande wootere.  Konnguɗi ɗii ko dogde e sahaa gooto.[14] == Yaafuya e yaltineede e kasoo == Ñalnde 14 lewru Abriil hitaande 2022, laamu leydi Naajeeriya rokki yaafuya hooreejo leydi Joshua Dariye e Jolly Nyame, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ngonnoo ko guwerneeruuji Plateau e Taraba.  Golle ɗee ina njuumti e pelle renndo siwil e yimɓe fof.[15][16][17] == Ƴeew kadi == Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Plateau == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 9jnpz0fqslcu0vunp09jaa52b4woseu 177583 177582 2026-06-30T19:57:49Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Joshua Chibi Dariye''' (jibinaa ko 27 lewru juko hitaande 1957) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o laati senateer wakiiliijo lesdi Plateau Central diga 2011 haa 2019. O laati guwerneer lesdi Plateau diga 1906 haa 2019.  Caggal mum o artiraa e laamu to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Najeriya e hitaande wootere, o jokki e laamu makko haa lewru mee 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/272050-breaking-another-ex-nigerian-governor-convicted-of-fraud.html|title=Another ex-Nigerian governor convicted of fraud|last=Okakwu|first=Evelyn|date=12 June 2018|access-date=29 August 2024|website=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Ɓawo == Dariye jibinaa ko Mushere, Bokkos e nder diiwaan Plateau, leydi Najeriya, o wonnoo ko jom njulaagu hade makko naatde e politik.  O woniino kadi mooftuɗo Olusegun Obasanjo ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji gardagol leydi ndii e hitaande 1999 kam e wooteeji potɗi waɗeede e hitaande 2003.<ref>{{cite news|last=Abidoye|first=Bisi|title=How Obasanjo's failed third term agenda was funded — New Book|url=https://premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/283530-how-obasanjos-failed-third-term-agenda-was-funded-new-book.html|website=[[Premium Times]]|date=14 September 2018|access-date=28 January 2019}}</ref> == Golle politik == Gomnaajo lesdi Plateau Ko o guwerneer, Dariye nanngaa ko to Londres, Angalteer ñalnde 20 lewru bowte hitaande 2004.[3]  Sabu guwerneeruuji leydi Naajeeriya ina ndeeni immunity e nder laamu mum en, Komiseer toppitiiɗo ko feewti e faggudu e kaalis (EFCC) nanngi mo e hitaande 2007 nde laamu mum timmi, tawi ko o ñaawoowo kaalis fotde miliyoŋaaji 9 dolaar.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6048286.stm|title=Two protesters killed in Nigeria|access-date=11 March 2007|date=13 October 2006|agency=BBC News}}</ref> == Ƴeewirde laamu == E fuɗɗoode lewru oktoobar 2006, terɗe asammbelee dowri 8 e nder terɗe capanɗe jeegom e nay (24) njaltinii bayyinaango ngam ittude Dariye.  E nder deftere makko, o hollitii wonde noddaango ngoo ina selli sibu 8 ɓee mbaɗaani quorum e nder asaambele oo no sariya yamiri nii.  Jamaanu wallidiiɓe Dariye etiima haɗde terɗe asamblee ɗe naatde e galle asamblee diiwaan oo.  Ndeen poliseeɓe fitinaaji njani e jamaanu nguu, mbari seppooɓe ɗiɗo. Dariye woppitaa ñalnde 13 noowammbar 2006. Cukko makko, hono Michael Botmang, lomtii mo guwerneer.  Ñalnde 10 marse 2007, caggal nde Ñaawirde Toownde (Cour d’appel) yamiri yo Dariye artire e laamu guwerneer, laamu leydi ndii hollitii anniya mum ñaawde to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Najeriya.[5]  Ñalnde 27 abriil 2007, Ñaawirde Toownde salii ɗaɓɓaande laamu leydi ndii, laaɓtinii kadi ko fayti e gartugol Dariye. Caggal nde o artiraa e laamu, manndaa Dariye e gardagol guwerneer diiwaan Plateau joofi ko ñalnde 29 mee 2007. '''Seneraal''' E lewru saawiyee 2011, Dariye suɓaama senaateer to diiwaan senaateeruuji hakkundeejo Plateau e les njiimaandi lannda Labour.  O heɓi 189 140 woote, o fooli Dawuda Gowon mo PDP, miñiiko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi, Yakubu Gowon, mo heɓi 160 106 woote.[8]  Ñalnde 28 marse 2015, o artiraa caggal nde o heɓi 189 150 woote. == Ñaawoore warhoore == Huunde Naajeeriya ko feewti e njulaagu, Komisiyoŋ toppitiiɗo ko feewti e njulaagu e kaalis (EFCC), e hitaande 2007, waɗii ñaawoore 23 ngam ustude kaalis, tawi ina tuumaa ko ina wona miliyaaruuji N1.126 kaalis ekolosii laamu diiwaan Plateau, e dow Dariye. O jaɓaani tuume ɗe ñaawoowo ñaawoore ndee, hono Justice Adebukola Banjoko, ƴetti ñalnde 13 noowammbar 2007 ngam fuɗɗaade ñaawoore ndee. Kono hade oon ñalngu, Dariye waɗii ɗaɓɓaande, ina luulndii mbaawka ñaawoore ndee e mbaawka ñaawirdu nduu.  O wiyi o foti ko ñaaweede yeeso Ñaawirde Toownde Plateau State wonaa Ñaawirde Toownde FCT. Ñalnde 13 desaambar 2007, ñaawoowo ñaawoore oo heɗii, jaɓi ɗaɓɓaande Dariye nde tawnoo alaa ko woni heen.  Dariye wullitiima kuulal ñaawirdu nduu.  Ammaa Division Abuja mo suudu kiitaaji lesdi tabbitini kuugal Justice Banjoko.  Dariye caggal mum wullitii to Ñaawirde Toownde. Kono ñaawirde toownde, ñalnde 27 feebariyee 2015, jaɓaani wullitaango Dariye, yamiri yo o rokku hoore makko ñaawoore. == Ñaawoore ndee fuɗɗotoo == Ñaawoore Ñaawirde Toownde yaltinaande ñalnde 27 feebariyee 2015, ñaawoore gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Plateau fuɗɗii caggal fotde duuɓi jeenay ñalnde 26 lewru Yarkomaa 2016.[10]  EFCC noddi seedtotooɗo mum gadano ñaawoore, hono Musa Sunday, ko detektor e nder fedde haɓantoonde fenaande, ko kanko wonnoo e wiɗto Dariye ngam ñaawoore nde o tuumaa.  Ñalnde alet, e nder seedantaagal makko yeeso Ñaawirde Banjoko rokki limto ciimtol wiɗto ekipaaji makko holliri no kaalis ekkolooji keɓaaɗo e Dariye, hono guwerneer diiwaan Plateau e oon sahaa, tuumaama diwti. == Koolkisagol == Ñaawirde mawnde leydi laamorgo leydi ndii, Gudu, Abuja, ñalnde talaata 12 lewru juko hitaande 2018, ñaawii Dariye duuɓi 14 kasoo ngam tuumeede warngooji baɗnooɗi e hoolaare e huutoraade kaalis (1,6 miliyaar naira) nde o woni guwerneer diiwaan Plateau.  Ndeen ñaawoore ndee ñaawaama, haa jooni, Ñaawirde Toownde rokki ñaawoore sakkitiinde, duuɓi 10 kasoo ngam bonannde nde o waɗi ndee. '''Ustugol dumunna kasoo''' Ñaawirde kuuge winndereere jooɗnde to Abuja ñalnde aset 16 noowammbar 2018, ustii duuɓi 14 ñaawoore Dariye, haa duuɓi 10.  Hooreejo ñaawirdu nduu, hono Justice Stephen Adah, ustii ñaawoore ndee e nder limlebbi ɗii, haa duuɓi 10, tawi noon, duuɓi ɗiɗi ɗii, ustaama haa hitaande wootere.  Konnguɗi ɗii ko dogde e sahaa gooto. == Yaafuya e yaltineede e kasoo == Ñalnde 14 lewru Abriil hitaande 2022, laamu leydi Naajeeriya rokki yaafuya hooreejo leydi Joshua Dariye e Jolly Nyame, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ngonnoo ko guwerneeruuji Plateau e Taraba.  Golle ɗee ina njuumti e pelle renndo siwil e yimɓe fof.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gazettengr.com/buhari-pardons-dariye-nyame-two-apc-chieftains-jailed-for-multibillion-naira-loot/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|last=Akintade|first=Adefemola|title=Buhari pardons Dariye, Nyame, two APC chieftains jailed for multibillion-naira loot|date=15 April 2022|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/04/withdraw-pardon-for-dariye-nyame-uphold-oath-of-office-serap-tells-buhari/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Withdraw pardon for Dariye, Nyame, uphold oath of office, SERAP tells Buhari|date=17 April 2022|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-dariye-nyame-others-released-from-prison/|title=Dariye, Nyame, others released from prison|date=8 August 2022|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ƴeew kadi == Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Plateau == Tuugnorgal == <references /> k0a180lbpa0fbe5ci1jhxfjjevzko4z 0 42867 177584 2026-06-30T20:02:51Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "{{Databox}}'''Musa Agah''' ko politikaajo leydi Naajeeriya, kadi ko tergal wakiiliijo e nder diiwaan Jos North/Bassa e nder diiwaan Plateau e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi (PDP). == Tuugnorgal == <references />" 177584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Musa Agah''' ko politikaajo leydi Naajeeriya, kadi ko tergal wakiiliijo e nder diiwaan Jos North/Bassa e nder diiwaan Plateau e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi (PDP). == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 1g5oldr26okjfuiphyej7vl8a7spctw 177585 177584 2026-06-30T20:05:00Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Musa Agah''' ko politikaajo leydi Naajeeriya, kadi ko tergal wakiiliijo e nder diiwaan Jos North/Bassa e nder diiwaan Plateau e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi (PDP).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Musa|first=Bello|date=2023-08-24|title=Tribunal affirms PDP's Musa Agah victory in Jos|url=https://21stcenturychronicle.com/tribunal-affirms-pdps-musa-agah-victory-in-jos/|access-date=2023-11-21|website=21st CENTURY CHRONICLE|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pwanagba|first=Agabus|date=2023-08-24|title=NASS tribunal upholds Sen. Mwadkon, Rep. Agah's elections|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/08/24/nass-tribunal-upholds-sen-mwadkon-rep-agahs-elections/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-11-21|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2023-08-24|title=Tribunal affirms Musa Agah as winner of Jos North/Bassa federal constituency|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/tribunal-affirms-musa-agah-as-winner-of-jos-north-bassa-federal-constituency/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-11-21|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 3gg4uqzm9jgijpkndm82jo4wzf5t1ey 0 42868 177586 2026-06-30T20:11:42Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''John Nanzip Shagaya''' (Danburam Langtang II) (2 suwee 1942 – 11 feebariyee 2018) ko senaateer leydi Nijeer, gonnooɗo ofisee konu, mo e lewru abriil 2007 suɓaa ngam lomtaade lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe (PDP) e nder leydi Plateau e nder leydi ndi.  O dañii woote gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2011 e dow laylaytol lannda Labour (LP), kono Victor Lar mo lannda Demokaraasi Leñol (PDP) fooli mo.[2]  Ko o ofisee mo alaa ko woni e mum (NCO) e nder 2e eskaadron reconnais..." 177586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Nanzip Shagaya''' (Danburam Langtang II) (2 suwee 1942 – 11 feebariyee 2018) ko senaateer leydi Nijeer, gonnooɗo ofisee konu, mo e lewru abriil 2007 suɓaa ngam lomtaade lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe (PDP) e nder leydi Plateau e nder leydi ndi.  O dañii woote gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2011 e dow laylaytol lannda Labour (LP), kono Victor Lar mo lannda Demokaraasi Leñol (PDP) fooli mo.[2]  Ko o ofisee mo alaa ko woni e mum (NCO) e nder 2e eskaadron reconnaissance to Abeokuta, o tawtoraama kuudetaa Niiseer e hitaande 1966. == Ɓawo == John Shagaya jibinaa ko ñalnde 2 suwee 1942, e galle Mallam Sikji Miri Wazhi (ina wiyee SHAGAYA) e debbo Maryamu Zwancit.  O janngi duɗal leslesal to Nyer, e duɗal leslesal Misiyoŋ Sudaan, to Langtang (1952-1959).  O janngi to duɗal konu Nijeer Zaria 1960-1964.[3] == Golle konu == Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko, Shagaya artiraa e konu Niiseer, caggal ɗuum o artiraa e 3 Marine Commando nde o heɓi golle makko e Lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo.  O tawtoraama e Komando Marine e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Niiseer (1967–1970).  Caggal toɗɗagol ngol ina waɗi ofisee golloowo tolno tataɓo Duɗal konu Naajeeriya, Jaji, gardiiɗo kadeteeji, Akademi defansiyoŋ Naajeeriya, gardiiɗo Koolaaɗo kuuɓal konu e konu, Jaji, Komandaa Birigade, 9 Birigade Infanterie Mekaniseer, Sekereteer Konu, Hooreejo Konu Head1;  Feccere[3] E laamu konu Seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida, Shagaya wonnoo ko jaagorgal nder leydi, tergal e Diiso laamu konu, tergal e Diiso Polis.  O woni kadi hooreejo goomu ngu sosaa e hitaande 1987 ngam suɓaade Naajeeriya naatde e Fedde Lislaam.  Shagaya ina jeyaa e binndugol porotokolle mawɗe wonande Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Afrik hirnaange.  Ko o tergal e Komiseer Keeri Leydi, o walli e safrude luural hakkunde Benin e Caad.[3] Shagaya toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi e nder konu jam ECOMOG to leydi Liberiya e lewru suwee 1993, o woppi seneraal mawɗo Tunji Olurin.[4]  Ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1993, seneraal Sani Abacha wonti hooreejo leydi caggal kuudetaa konu.  Abacha hoolaaki brigadier John Shagaya e woɗɓe "sukaaɓe IBB" lolluɓe Babangida.[5]  E nder balɗe seeɗa, Shagaya nodditaa e Liberiya, o woppitaa Seneraal Major, o wonti Seneraal Birigaad, caggal ɗuum o woppi konu.[6] '''Tawtoreede e kuudetaa leydi Najeriya e lewru sulyee 1966''' Shagaya, e oon sahaa ko Kaporal e nder 2e Eskaadron Reconnaissance to Abeokuta, ina jeyaa e soldateeɓe heewɓe ummoriiɓe to worgo leydi Nijeer (ina heen Lietnaa 2 Sani Abacha, Lietnaa Muhammadu Buhari, Lietnaa Ibraahiima Bako, Major Lietnaa Muhammadu Muhammadu  Lietnaa Ibrahim Babangida e woɗɓe), baɗnooɗo ko anndiraa « kuudetaa Niiseer » e hitaande 1966 sabu mettere[7] nde ɓe njiydi e njuɓɓudi laamu Seneraal Aguiyi Ironsi mo 1995 lewru Yarkomaa. == Golle siwil en == John Shagaya ko gardiiɗo banke Lion (Niiseer) hakkunde 1998 e 2003.[3]  Shagaya ko tergal sosngal lannda yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya (UNPP), o dañiino darnde ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e nder wooteeji 1999.  Ko adii wooteeji 2003 o naati e lannda yimɓe leydi Najeriya (ANPP), kono o foolaama kadi.[8] == Golle Senaa == Shagaya wayliima gila e ofisee militeer, wonti politik, o dañi tiitoonde moƳƳere,[9] o suɓaama senaateer to Plateau Sud e lewru abriil 2007, o dogi e dow laylaytol PDP.[1]  Fiilngo makko luulndaama, e ñaawirde ɗaɓɓaande woote ndee, kono e lewru desaambar 2008, Ñaawirde Toownde to Jos, woppi ndee feere, yamiri Komisariyaa Ngenndiijo Fiilngo (INEC) yo yaltin ɗoon e ɗoon seedantaagal gartugol to Shagaya.[10] E lewru suwee 2009, Shagaya jeertinii wonde rokkude yaafuya wonande ownooɓe beeli Niiseer ina waawi waasde joofnude fitinaaji ɗii.  Militeer en ina mbaawi suuɗde kaɓirɗe mum en ɓurɗe moƴƴude, ngartira tan ko kaɓirɗe ɗe kuutoraaka e ɗe bonnaaka.[11]  E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e lewru Oktoobar 2009 o daranii ko feewti e naatgol konu nguu gila nde Naajeeriya heɓi jeytaare mum, o wiyi wonde batte senerooji e nder politik gila 1999 ina kollita tan ko heblo maɓɓe e nehdi maɓɓe. == Wade == John Nanzip Shagaya waɗii aksidaa oto ñalnde 11 feebariyee 2018 nde o arti Jos ummoraade Langtang,[12] e sahaa nde o woni e nanondiral hakkunde luural hakkunde Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.[9] == DEFTERE == John Nanzip Shagaya (1990).  Ministeer geɗe nder leydi : ƴeewndo.  Jokkondiral Alfa.  <nowiki>ISBN 978-30993-0-2</nowiki>. John Nanzip Shagaya (2003).  Laamu nder leydi Naajeeriya: wakkati IBB, yi'annde nder.  Jokkondiral yiyngo <nowiki>ISBN 978-33747-5-3</nowiki>. == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 6jf967r0fmasewj9ocr1e40lwx56pcl 177589 177586 2026-06-30T20:18:13Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''John Nanzip Shagaya''' (Danburam Langtang II) (2 suwee 1942 – 11 feebariyee 2018) ko senaateer leydi Nijeer, gonnooɗo ofisee konu, mo e lewru abriil 2007 suɓaa ngam lomtaade lannda Demokaraasi yimɓe (PDP) e nder leydi Plateau e nder leydi ndi.  O dañii woote gardagol leydi e lewru abriil 2011 e dow laylaytol lannda Labour (LP), kono Victor Lar mo lannda Demokaraasi Leñol (PDP) fooli mo.  Ko o ofisee mo alaa ko woni e mum (NCO) e nder 2e eskaadron reconnaissance to Abeokuta, o tawtoraama kuudetaa Niiseer e hitaande 1966.<ref name="nassnig">{{cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=106|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190032/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=106|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-03-03|title=Sen. John Nanzip Shagaya|publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria|access-date=2009-12-12}}</ref> == Ɓawo == John Shagaya jibinaa ko ñalnde 2 suwee 1942, e galle Mallam Sikji Miri Wazhi (ina wiyee SHAGAYA) e debbo Maryamu Zwancit.  O janngi duɗal leslesal to Nyer, e duɗal leslesal Misiyoŋ Sudaan, to Langtang (1952-1959).  O janngi to duɗal konu Nijeer Zaria 1960-1964.<ref name="self">{{cite web|url=http://johnshagaya.com/bio.html|title=PROFILE OF SENATOR DR. JOHN SHAGAYA OFR|publisher=Senator John Shagaya|access-date=2009-12-12|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111024504/http://www.johnshagaya.com/bio.html|archive-date=2010-01-11}}</ref> == Golle konu == Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko, Shagaya artiraa e konu Niiseer, caggal ɗuum o artiraa e 3 Marine Commando nde o heɓi golle makko e Lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo.  O tawtoraama e Komando Marine e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Niiseer (1967–1970).  Caggal toɗɗagol ngol ina waɗi ofisee golloowo tolno tataɓo Duɗal konu Naajeeriya, Jaji, gardiiɗo kadeteeji, Akademi defansiyoŋ Naajeeriya, gardiiɗo Koolaaɗo kuuɓal konu e konu, Jaji, Komandaa Birigade, 9 Birigade Infanterie Mekaniseer, Sekereteer Konu, Hooreejo Konu Head1;  Feccere<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gleanernewsonline.com/index.php?view=article&catid=65:features&id=75:jos-rayfield-the-generals-fortress-&format=pdf&option=com_content&Itemid=127|work=The Gleaner News|title=Jos Rayfield, The General's Fortress|first=Tony|last=Iyare|date=4 August 2009|access-date=2009-12-12}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> E laamu konu Seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida, Shagaya wonnoo ko jaagorgal nder leydi, tergal e Diiso laamu konu, tergal e Diiso Polis.  O woni kadi hooreejo goomu ngu sosaa e hitaande 1987 ngam suɓaade Naajeeriya naatde e Fedde Lislaam.  Shagaya ina jeyaa e binndugol porotokolle mawɗe wonande Dental Faggudu Dowlaaji Afrik hirnaange.  Ko o tergal e Komiseer Keeri Leydi, o walli e safrude luural hakkunde Benin e Caad.[3] Shagaya toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi e nder konu jam ECOMOG to leydi Liberiya e lewru suwee 1993, o woppi seneraal mawɗo Tunji Olurin.[4]  Ñalnde 17 noowammbar 1993, seneraal Sani Abacha wonti hooreejo leydi caggal kuudetaa konu.  Abacha hoolaaki brigadier John Shagaya e woɗɓe "sukaaɓe IBB" lolluɓe Babangida.  E nder balɗe seeɗa, Shagaya nodditaa e Liberiya, o woppitaa Seneraal Major, o wonti Seneraal Birigaad, caggal ɗuum o woppi konu. '''Tawtoreede e kuudetaa leydi Najeriya e lewru sulyee 1966''' Shagaya, e oon sahaa ko Kaporal e nder 2e Eskaadron Reconnaissance to Abeokuta, ina jeyaa e soldateeɓe heewɓe ummoriiɓe to worgo leydi Nijeer (ina heen Lietnaa 2 Sani Abacha, Lietnaa Muhammadu Buhari, Lietnaa Ibraahiima Bako, Major Lietnaa Muhammadu Muhammadu  Lietnaa Ibrahim Babangida e woɗɓe), baɗnooɗo ko anndiraa « kuudetaa Niiseer » e hitaande 1966 sabu mettere nde ɓe njiydi e njuɓɓudi laamu Seneraal Aguiyi Ironsi mo 1995 lewru Yarkomaa. == Golle siwil en == John Shagaya ko gardiiɗo banke Lion (Niiseer) hakkunde 1998 e 2003.  Shagaya ko tergal sosngal lannda yimɓe leydi Naajeeriya (UNPP), o dañiino darnde ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii e nder wooteeji 1999.  Ko adii wooteeji 2003 o naati e lannda yimɓe leydi Najeriya (ANPP), kono o foolaama kadi.[8] == Golle Senaa == Shagaya wayliima gila e ofisee militeer, wonti politik, o dañi tiitoonde moƳƳere,o suɓaama senaateer to Plateau Sud e lewru abriil 2007, o dogi e dow laylaytol PDP.  Fiilngo makko luulndaama, e ñaawirde ɗaɓɓaande woote ndee, kono e lewru desaambar 2008, Ñaawirde Toownde to Jos, woppi ndee feere, yamiri Komisariyaa Ngenndiijo Fiilngo (INEC) yo yaltin ɗoon e ɗoon seedantaagal gartugol to Shagaya. E lewru suwee 2009, Shagaya jeertinii wonde rokkude yaafuya wonande ownooɓe beeli Niiseer ina waawi waasde joofnude fitinaaji ɗii.  Militeer en ina mbaawi suuɗde kaɓirɗe mum en ɓurɗe moƴƴude, ngartira tan ko kaɓirɗe ɗe kuutoraaka e ɗe bonnaaka.  E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e lewru Oktoobar 2009 o daranii ko feewti e naatgol konu nguu gila nde Naajeeriya heɓi jeytaare mum, o wiyi wonde batte senerooji e nder politik gila 1999 ina kollita tan ko heblo maɓɓe e nehdi maɓɓe. == Wade == John Nanzip Shagaya waɗii aksidaa oto ñalnde 11 feebariyee 2018 nde o arti Jos ummoraade Langtang,e sahaa nde o woni e nanondiral hakkunde luural hakkunde Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. == DEFTERE == John Nanzip Shagaya (1990).  Ministeer geɗe nder leydi : ƴeewndo.  Jokkondiral Alfa.  <nowiki>ISBN 978-30993-0-2</nowiki>. John Nanzip Shagaya (2003).  Laamu nder leydi Naajeeriya: wakkati IBB, yi'annde nder.  Jokkondiral yiyngo <nowiki>ISBN 978-33747-5-3</nowiki>. == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 9gxoycig2ook1c9giv305ytg2cq0yu0 0 42869 177587 2026-06-30T20:14:50Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360615040|Obafemi Awolowo]]" 177587 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi Awolowo''' (Listenⓘ; 6 mars 1909 - 9 mee 1987) ko politikko e hooreejo leydi lesdi Naajeeriya, o ardiiɗo ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeri. O anndiraa no go'o nder yimɓe mawɓe nder ɓaawo ɓaawo ɓernde lesdi Naajeeriya diga 1957 haa 1960. Awolowo waɗi tagdi mawɗo lesdi Yoruba Egbe Omo Oduduwa e hooreejo lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya nder lesdi lesdi Naajerya diga 1952 haa 1959. O laati hooreejo jaɓɓaaku nder senegal federal to laamu [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Balewa]] diga 1959 haa 1963. Nde o ɓeydi suka, o laati marɗo kubaruuji, o haɓɓii kubaruuji bana Nigerian Worker e African Sentinel, ha dow feere boo. O laatake o laati mo tagdi e publisher Nigerian Tribune of African Newspapers of Nigeria Ltd. O winndi kadi nder nder nder nder jardi makko dow British. Caggal nde o heɓii jaaynde makko nder lesdi Naijeriya, o yahi [[London]] ngam o jaaynde nder jaaynde. University of London Obafemi Awolowo woni premier arandeeji lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo o laati komisarol lesdi lesdi lesdi ngam jawdi, e mawɗo hooreejo lesdi lesdi lesdi fu nder konu lesdi Naajeeri. O wonnoo ko'e tati mawɗo mo'ootiral ngam jaɓɓaade laamu ɓurɗo mawnde nder leydi ndi. O fuɗɗii golle maako, bana yimɓe maako anndunooɓe, bana lesdi nder juulde ɓooyma lesdi Naajeeriya, haa o fuɗɗii warugo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeri. Awolowo waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e nder sariya ummatoore ɓamtaare nde waɗi lesdi Naijeriya leydi jamanuure. E hitaande 1963, o waɗii kiita e o waɗii duuɓi 10 e nder kaso ngam waɗugo ko o waɗi nder leydi. O rimmi dowla nder hitaande 1966, caggal ɗum o suɓii Ministaaɗo Fedde Finance. Nder anndal fuu ɗu'um, Awolowo woni neɗɗo arande nder jamanu jamanu ndu'un noddinaa hooreejo [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] (Yoruba: ''Asíwájú Àwọn Yorùbá ko'' ''Assiwájú Ọmọ Oòduà''). == Ɓiɗɗo == Awolowo jibini Jeremiah Obafemi Oyeniyi Awolowo haa 6 mars 1909 nder wuro Remo [[Ikenne]] (ko jooni Ogun State Nigeria). O woni ɓiɗɗo tan David Shopolu Awolowo, mo remooɗo e sawyer, e Mary Efunyela Awolowo. O woodi deerɗiraaɓe ɗiɗo e deerɗiraawo gooto. Baaba Awolowo jibini to ardiiɗo mawɗo e ardiiɗo Iwarefa, mawɗo ɓaawo yimɓe Osugbo je laaminoo Ikenne. Nder hitaande 1896, baaba Awolowo laati gooto nder yimɓe Ikenne arandeeji ɓe njaɓɓi diina kiristaana. Maama Awolowo, Adefule Awolowo mo Awolowo mawnini, o ɗon mawnina yimɓe Ifá. Adefule, mawɗo Awolowo, waɗi goonɗinki Obafemi wonde reynuki baaba maako (maama maako). Awolowo'en baaba maako je'i [[Kiristanci|Kiristan'en]] ɗon hawta bee ko saare maako hoola. O ɗon ɓeyda yimɓe ɓe ɗon mawnina Allah kalluɗo, Obaluaye. Baaba maako maayi dow 8 abriil 1920, ngam ɓandu ɓandu nde Obafemi waɗi duuɓi sappo e go'o. O yahi janngirde feere feere, hawti bee janngirde batiste boys' high school (BBHS), [[Abeokuta]]; nden o laati jannginoowo nder Abeokuta, ɓaawo maajum o heɓii ko o jaɓata bana jannginooɗo ɗerewol. Ɓaawo ɗun o waɗi ko o gollaaki e nder Wesley College Ibadan, e kadi o wondi ko o wurtina nder nder nder nder ''Nigerian Times''. Caggal janngirde maako e Wesley College, Ibadan, nder 1927, o jokkaama e University of London bana jannginoowo jaayndeere nden o jaɓi jaaynde nde Bachelor of Commerce (Hons.). O yahi to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|UK]] nder 1944 ngam janngude tawreeta e University of London, nden o noddinaa to Bar e nder nder suudu nder nder nder nder suudu on 19 Noofambar 1946. E hitaande 1949, Awolowo waɗi tiggi Nigerian Tribune, ko winndannde hooreejo leydi Nigeria, nde o huutori ngam haajinaade ɓernde leydi ndii nder yimɓe lesdi ndii. == Siyasal == E hitaande 1945, o yahdi to Kongre Pan-Afrika jowitiiɗo e Manchester hono darnde darnde darnugol sukaaɓe Nigeria e [[HO Daawiis|H. O. Davies]]. Kadi ɗon ɗon hawta ɗon ɗon hawti listol marɓe haandi, hawti Kwame Nkrumah, Hastings Banda, Jomo Kenyatta e [[Jaja Wachuku]], ha nder woɓɓe. === Bana premier === Awolowo woni hooreejo feddeere lesdi Naajeeriya. Nder laawol maako to ferɗam lesdi Naajeeriya (1947), ko'e ferɗamol federeeji ɗiɗawre ngam laamɗo lesdi Naajeeri, o ɗon haɓɓa dow federeeji bana laawol tan ngam hawtuki lesdi e hakkiilo, e hooreejo kawtal, o ɗon arda dow dow dow dow leydi ngam waɗugo leydi federeeji, ɗum ɗum wurtinaama nder nder leydi Lyttleton nder hitaande 1954, ɓaawo model ngal darnde lesdi lesdi lesdi hirnaange e hoore maako. O ɗonno ɗonno ɗonna ngam hakkiilo ɓurɓe ɗuuɗugo bee ɓaawo ɓaawo laamorgo lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi, o ɗonno ɗonni ngam hakkiilu lesdi lesdi lesdi Lagos ɗonno laami lesdi lesdi lesdi Yoruba. O ɗon ɗaɓɓa lesdi ndi ɗon e yiɗi ɓe anndina hakkilo yoruba'en. Nde o laamiiɗo ardiiɗo leydi, o hollii o neɗɗo mo o yi'i ko o mari hakkillo e mo o laamii mo. Awolowo boo o jeyaaɗo politikal social-democratical leydi ndi. O wallitii hakkillaaji ummaatooje e jaaynde central nder laamu. O maaki dowla on fotaani haɓɓugo kuuje lesdi Nigeria nder jannde e ɓamtaare ɓamtaare nder lesdi. Ko ɗum waɗi, o hollitii jaŋde fuɗɗam dowla ngam yimɓe fuu e jaŋde hakkillo ngam sukaaɓe nder lesdi hirnaange, o waɗi kuugal teleeji arande nder lesdi Afrika nder hitaande 1959, o waɗi boo kuugal Oduduwa Group, ɗi fuu ɓe mari ceede diga kuugal kakao, ɗum woni ko woni ko woni ɓaawo jawdi lesdi. Wuro maako dow 3 lewru Noofambar 1959 to suudu jamiroore lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi fuunaaŋge, o ɗon wi'a ko o waɗi nder laamu diga 1952 haa 1959, ɗon hokki haala to kuuɗe maako e ko o waɗi bana moofta. === Haɓɓugo === Gila nde nde ndeen, o ardii ko'e maɓɓe, o ardi ko'e yimɓe ɓeen ɓeen ɓe ɓeen ɓe'e ɓeen ɓe ko'e ɓe'e, o arda ɓeen ɓe wonɓe ɓeen ɓe ɗonno ɓe'e maɓɓe. Hakkunde Awolowo e Akintola dow no ɓe njogori lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi man fuɗɗi ɓe mari alkawal bee laamu lesdi lesdi man. Wuroore laamu waɗi haɓɓugo leydi fuɗɗam nder lesdi hirnaange, e ɗum waɗi haɓɓuki laamu e sariya fuɗɗam. Woni nder laamu leydi, Awolowo e partidu maako ɗon hawta e darnde ɓeydaare. Yimɓe Akintola, ɓe ɗon ɓeyda ngam ɓe ɗon hawta dow laamu, ɓe ɗon umma partiya lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria (NNDP) ha jaango Akintola. Ɓaawo ɓaawo ɗon ɓe ɗon halki jaɓɓaare lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi hirnaange, laamu lesdi lesdi lesdi ndi ɗon maɓɓina ɗum ɓaawo kuugalji ɗi waɗi NNDP Akintola haa laamu, ammaa ɓe ɗon ngalaa suɓaaji. Gaɗa wakkere Awolowo e pukara'en feere ɗon ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗon maɓɓana, ɓe ɗon ɓe accita, ɓe ɗon maɓɓa (ji ɓaŋgugo), ɓe ɗon ɓe njara nder suudu nder laamu [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Balewa]] ngam ɓe ɗon ɓe hawta bee laamu Ghana ngam ɓe maɓɓa laamu federal. === Bana ardiiɗo lesdi === Nder hitaande 1966, laamu hokki mo yaasi e mo yaafana, caggal ɗum o jaɓɓi darnde Ministaaɗo Fedde. Daga darnde nde, o wallitii ha jonde hakkiilo hawtaade Nigeria nder naftoraaku mum keso, haɓɓii nder duuɓi sappo e sappo e nder naftoraaki e hokki jawdi lesdi. O walliino kadi ha ɓamtaare sistemji jaɓugo ceede e jaɓugo jaɓugo jawdi leydi (FAAC), je waawiri leyɗe ɓesngu je ɗon haɓɓii ngam ɓeyda hakkilooji ɓaleeɓe ngam ɓe ɓeyda e ɓe ɗon maaki haa hande. O ɗon haani anndugo ko o noddi ceede lesdi kesum, NAIRA Nigeria ha jahrol maako. === Bana mo'o hooreejo leydi === Nder hitaande 1979 e 1983, o haɓɓi dow laawol jamiroore Unity Party bana mo'o [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-law/article/abs/supreme-court-of-nigeria/DBA62C60507CAE6360DB82414E7268F6 hooreejo] leydi, ammaa o maayi to jamiroore lesdi [[Shehu Shagari]]. Nder 1979, o hawti e jaɓɓa maako nder suudu kiita, o waɗi haala ngam kiita kiita kiitoowo ngam mo heɓata ko o heɓii ko o heɓani ngam o heɓii ɓurna yimɓe nder 2/3 nder lesdi (ko wakkati maajum 19) ɗum waɗi kiita kiite mawɗo kiita nder hitaande 1979 e hooreejo kiita Fatai Williams. == Ɓaamorde == E hitaande 1992, Obafemi Awolowo Foundation haawti wonde fedde hooreejo, ko wonaa footi, ko wonaa fedde, ko haawti ɓeydaade jokkondiral ngal hawti e jokkondiral politik e janngooji ɗiin ngam ɓeydaaki ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Fedde nden fuɗɗii e hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati oon, Jeneraal Ibraahiima Babangida, to Fedde Liberty, Ibadan. Fedde Obafemi Awolowo ɗon tokki ɓesdaago miijooji maako nder kuuje jaayndeeji bana Webinar Awolowo Memorial 2025, haani ""Nduuni 21st Century: Fuuɗuki e Fuuɗugo". Ɗuum ɗemɗe hawti e teknoloji (ko ɓuri fuu AI), hakkilantaaku hoore, e kiitaaji ummaatoore - ko Awolowo jeyi. Ammaa, ko ɓuri mawnugo (ngam Awoism) woni ko'e mum ko'e misal, welfarism, darnde mum ngam ɓeydaade laawol decolonisation e dow dow dow dow feddeere dow [[Self-determination|hoore hoore]] kalfinaaji e ɗemɗe e hawtuki dow lesdi fuɗɗi dow lesdi - bana dow dow dow lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi. Awolowo maayi nder jam nder wuro maako Ikenne nder lesdi Ogun, Efunyela Hall (nde noddiraa diga inna maako), nder 9 Maayi 1987, e duuɓi 78 e nder Ikenne, lesdi Ogun. == Nolde hoore == Awolowo waree [[Haana Awolowo|Hannah Idowu Dideolu Adelana]], boo daga [[Ikenne]] Ogun State, e 26 Desemba 1937. Ɓe woodi ɓiɓɓe njooɗi (5): OluSegun Awolowo (1938-1963), (baaba Segun Awolowo), Omotola Oyediran (woowo Awolowo) (1940-2020), Oluwole Awolowo (woowo 1942-2013), Ayodele Soyode (woowo awolowo) (woowo 1944-2011), inna debbo ɗiɗawɗo nder lesdi Naajeeriya Dolapo Osinbajo, e Tokunbo Awolowo-Dosunmu (1948). == Ko'e teddungal == [[File:Public_sculpture_Nigeria_05.jpg|thumb|Fuude Awolowo nder Ikeja]] Ha ɓaawo ko ɗuuɗi dow laamorde mawɗe, innde maako ɗon wondi dow laawol, bana way Awolowo, Bodija Ibadan, Chief Awolowo ɗon jogii laamorde '''Odole Oodua''' of [[Ifẹ|Ile-Ife]]. == Bibliography == * ''laawol to lesdi Nigeria'' * ''Awo - Autobiography of Chief Obafemi Awolowo'' * ''Fuude am'' * ''Firooji dow leydi Nigeria'' * ''Laamu yimɓe'' * ''Laddaaki & Tactiki lesdi Naajeeriya'' * ''Caɗeele Afrik - Ɗuɗal Foondooji'' * ''Awo dow konu lesdi Nigeria'' * ''Laddam to Mawɓe lesdi Nigeria'' * ''Wolde Hakkiilo'' * ''Wolde Ceyɗol'' * ''Wolde hikma'' * ''Fedde Ɓamtaare - Fedde 1 - Fedde Ɓamɗam nder suudu fursina'' * ''Fedde Ɓamtaare - Deftere 2 - Kuugal Demokarasii'' * ''Laddol am nder suudu ceerno'' * ''Soosyaalima nder kuugal lesdi Naajeeriya'' * ''Ɗe dow haala mawɗo Obafemi Awolowo'' * ''Fallaaji lesdi Nigeria'' * ''Ɗe'e ɗe Aawol mbaɗata'' * ''laawol to ardiiɓe jawdi nder lesdi ɓamtaare'' * ''Lataade ngam luural ɓaawo konu'' * ''Ɗaɓɓitol dow alkawal konu Anglo-Nigeria'' == Ndaare kadi ==   Ikenne residence of Chief Obafemi Awolowo == Firooji == <references /> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5ahwm8a55tqxstb8z7feetx9l66xabe 177588 177587 2026-06-30T20:15:18Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi Awolowo''' (Listenⓘ; 6 mars 1909 - 9 mee 1987) ko politikko e hooreejo leydi lesdi Naajeeriya, o ardiiɗo ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeri. O anndiraa no go'o nder yimɓe mawɓe nder ɓaawo ɓaawo ɓernde lesdi Naajeeriya diga 1957 haa 1960. Awolowo waɗi tagdi mawɗo lesdi Yoruba Egbe Omo Oduduwa e hooreejo lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya nder lesdi lesdi Naajerya diga 1952 haa 1959. O laati hooreejo jaɓɓaaku nder senegal federal to laamu [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Balewa]] diga 1959 haa 1963. Nde o ɓeydi suka, o laati marɗo kubaruuji, o haɓɓii kubaruuji bana Nigerian Worker e African Sentinel, ha dow feere boo. O laatake o laati mo tagdi e publisher Nigerian Tribune of African Newspapers of Nigeria Ltd. O winndi kadi nder nder nder nder jardi makko dow British. Caggal nde o heɓii jaaynde makko nder lesdi Naijeriya, o yahi [[London]] ngam o jaaynde nder jaaynde. University of London Obafemi Awolowo woni premier arandeeji lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya, nden boo o laati komisarol lesdi lesdi lesdi ngam jawdi, e mawɗo hooreejo lesdi lesdi lesdi fu nder konu lesdi Naajeeri. O wonnoo ko'e tati mawɗo mo'ootiral ngam jaɓɓaade laamu ɓurɗo mawnde nder leydi ndi. O fuɗɗii golle maako, bana yimɓe maako anndunooɓe, bana lesdi nder juulde ɓooyma lesdi Naajeeriya, haa o fuɗɗii warugo hooreejo lesdi Naajeeri. Awolowo waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e nder sariya ummatoore ɓamtaare nde waɗi lesdi Naijeriya leydi jamanuure. E hitaande 1963, o waɗii kiita e o waɗii duuɓi 10 e nder kaso ngam waɗugo ko o waɗi nder leydi. O rimmi dowla nder hitaande 1966, caggal ɗum o suɓii Ministaaɗo Fedde Finance. Nder anndal fuu ɗu'um, Awolowo woni neɗɗo arande nder jamanu jamanu ndu'un noddinaa hooreejo [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] (Yoruba: ''Asíwájú Àwọn Yorùbá ko'' ''Assiwájú Ọmọ Oòduà''). == Ɓiɗɗo == Awolowo jibini Jeremiah Obafemi Oyeniyi Awolowo haa 6 mars 1909 nder wuro Remo [[Ikenne]] (ko jooni Ogun State Nigeria). O woni ɓiɗɗo tan David Shopolu Awolowo, mo remooɗo e sawyer, e Mary Efunyela Awolowo. O woodi deerɗiraaɓe ɗiɗo e deerɗiraawo gooto. Baaba Awolowo jibini to ardiiɗo mawɗo e ardiiɗo Iwarefa, mawɗo ɓaawo yimɓe Osugbo je laaminoo Ikenne. Nder hitaande 1896, baaba Awolowo laati gooto nder yimɓe Ikenne arandeeji ɓe njaɓɓi diina kiristaana. Maama Awolowo, Adefule Awolowo mo Awolowo mawnini, o ɗon mawnina yimɓe Ifá. Adefule, mawɗo Awolowo, waɗi goonɗinki Obafemi wonde reynuki baaba maako (maama maako). Awolowo'en baaba maako je'i [[Kiristanci|Kiristan'en]] ɗon hawta bee ko saare maako hoola. O ɗon ɓeyda yimɓe ɓe ɗon mawnina Allah kalluɗo, Obaluaye. Baaba maako maayi dow 8 abriil 1920, ngam ɓandu ɓandu nde Obafemi waɗi duuɓi sappo e go'o. O yahi janngirde feere feere, hawti bee janngirde batiste boys' high school (BBHS), [[Abeokuta]]; nden o laati jannginoowo nder Abeokuta, ɓaawo maajum o heɓii ko o jaɓata bana jannginooɗo ɗerewol. Ɓaawo ɗun o waɗi ko o gollaaki e nder Wesley College Ibadan, e kadi o wondi ko o wurtina nder nder nder nder ''Nigerian Times''. Caggal janngirde maako e Wesley College, Ibadan, nder 1927, o jokkaama e University of London bana jannginoowo jaayndeere nden o jaɓi jaaynde nde Bachelor of Commerce (Hons.). O yahi to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|UK]] nder 1944 ngam janngude tawreeta e University of London, nden o noddinaa to Bar e nder nder suudu nder nder nder nder suudu on 19 Noofambar 1946. E hitaande 1949, Awolowo waɗi tiggi Nigerian Tribune, ko winndannde hooreejo leydi Nigeria, nde o huutori ngam haajinaade ɓernde leydi ndii nder yimɓe lesdi ndii. == Siyasal == E hitaande 1945, o yahdi to Kongre Pan-Afrika jowitiiɗo e Manchester hono darnde darnde darnugol sukaaɓe Nigeria e [[HO Daawiis|H. O. Davies]]. Kadi ɗon ɗon hawta ɗon ɗon hawti listol marɓe haandi, hawti Kwame Nkrumah, Hastings Banda, Jomo Kenyatta e [[Jaja Wachuku]], ha nder woɓɓe. === Bana premier === Awolowo woni hooreejo feddeere lesdi Naajeeriya. Nder laawol maako to ferɗam lesdi Naajeeriya (1947), ko'e ferɗamol federeeji ɗiɗawre ngam laamɗo lesdi Naajeeri, o ɗon haɓɓa dow federeeji bana laawol tan ngam hawtuki lesdi e hakkiilo, e hooreejo kawtal, o ɗon arda dow dow dow dow leydi ngam waɗugo leydi federeeji, ɗum ɗum wurtinaama nder nder leydi Lyttleton nder hitaande 1954, ɓaawo model ngal darnde lesdi lesdi lesdi hirnaange e hoore maako. O ɗonno ɗonno ɗonna ngam hakkiilo ɓurɓe ɗuuɗugo bee ɓaawo ɓaawo laamorgo lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi, o ɗonno ɗonni ngam hakkiilu lesdi lesdi lesdi Lagos ɗonno laami lesdi lesdi lesdi Yoruba. O ɗon ɗaɓɓa lesdi ndi ɗon e yiɗi ɓe anndina hakkilo yoruba'en. Nde o laamiiɗo ardiiɗo leydi, o hollii o neɗɗo mo o yi'i ko o mari hakkillo e mo o laamii mo. Awolowo boo o jeyaaɗo politikal social-democratical leydi ndi. O wallitii hakkillaaji ummaatooje e jaaynde central nder laamu. O maaki dowla on fotaani haɓɓugo kuuje lesdi Nigeria nder jannde e ɓamtaare ɓamtaare nder lesdi. Ko ɗum waɗi, o hollitii jaŋde fuɗɗam dowla ngam yimɓe fuu e jaŋde hakkillo ngam sukaaɓe nder lesdi hirnaange, o waɗi kuugal teleeji arande nder lesdi Afrika nder hitaande 1959, o waɗi boo kuugal Oduduwa Group, ɗi fuu ɓe mari ceede diga kuugal kakao, ɗum woni ko woni ko woni ɓaawo jawdi lesdi. Wuro maako dow 3 lewru Noofambar 1959 to suudu jamiroore lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi fuunaaŋge, o ɗon wi'a ko o waɗi nder laamu diga 1952 haa 1959, ɗon hokki haala to kuuɗe maako e ko o waɗi bana moofta. === Haɓɓugo === Gila nde nde ndeen, o ardii ko'e maɓɓe, o ardi ko'e yimɓe ɓeen ɓeen ɓe ɓeen ɓe'e ɓeen ɓe ko'e ɓe'e, o arda ɓeen ɓe wonɓe ɓeen ɓe ɗonno ɓe'e maɓɓe. Hakkunde Awolowo e Akintola dow no ɓe njogori lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi man fuɗɗi ɓe mari alkawal bee laamu lesdi lesdi man. Wuroore laamu waɗi haɓɓugo leydi fuɗɗam nder lesdi hirnaange, e ɗum waɗi haɓɓuki laamu e sariya fuɗɗam. Woni nder laamu leydi, Awolowo e partidu maako ɗon hawta e darnde ɓeydaare. Yimɓe Akintola, ɓe ɗon ɓeyda ngam ɓe ɗon hawta dow laamu, ɓe ɗon umma partiya lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria (NNDP) ha jaango Akintola. Ɓaawo ɓaawo ɗon ɓe ɗon halki jaɓɓaare lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi hirnaange, laamu lesdi lesdi lesdi ndi ɗon maɓɓina ɗum ɓaawo kuugalji ɗi waɗi NNDP Akintola haa laamu, ammaa ɓe ɗon ngalaa suɓaaji. Gaɗa wakkere Awolowo e pukara'en feere ɗon ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗon maɓɓana, ɓe ɗon ɓe accita, ɓe ɗon maɓɓa (ji ɓaŋgugo), ɓe ɗon ɓe njara nder suudu nder laamu [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Balewa]] ngam ɓe ɗon ɓe hawta bee laamu Ghana ngam ɓe maɓɓa laamu federal. === Bana ardiiɗo lesdi === Nder hitaande 1966, laamu hokki mo yaasi e mo yaafana, caggal ɗum o jaɓɓi darnde Ministaaɗo Fedde. Daga darnde nde, o wallitii ha jonde hakkiilo hawtaade Nigeria nder naftoraaku mum keso, haɓɓii nder duuɓi sappo e sappo e nder naftoraaki e hokki jawdi lesdi. O walliino kadi ha ɓamtaare sistemji jaɓugo ceede e jaɓugo jaɓugo jawdi leydi (FAAC), je waawiri leyɗe ɓesngu je ɗon haɓɓii ngam ɓeyda hakkilooji ɓaleeɓe ngam ɓe ɓeyda e ɓe ɗon maaki haa hande. O ɗon haani anndugo ko o noddi ceede lesdi kesum, NAIRA Nigeria ha jahrol maako. === Bana mo'o hooreejo leydi === Nder hitaande 1979 e 1983, o haɓɓi dow laawol jamiroore Unity Party bana mo'o [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-law/article/abs/supreme-court-of-nigeria/DBA62C60507CAE6360DB82414E7268F6 hooreejo] leydi, ammaa o maayi to jamiroore lesdi [[Shehu Shagari]]. Nder 1979, o hawti e jaɓɓa maako nder suudu kiita, o waɗi haala ngam kiita kiita kiitoowo ngam mo heɓata ko o heɓii ko o heɓani ngam o heɓii ɓurna yimɓe nder 2/3 nder lesdi (ko wakkati maajum 19) ɗum waɗi kiita kiite mawɗo kiita nder hitaande 1979 e hooreejo kiita Fatai Williams. == Ɓaamorde == E hitaande 1992, Obafemi Awolowo Foundation haawti wonde fedde hooreejo, ko wonaa footi, ko wonaa fedde, ko haawti ɓeydaade jokkondiral ngal hawti e jokkondiral politik e janngooji ɗiin ngam ɓeydaaki ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya. Fedde nden fuɗɗii e hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati oon, Jeneraal Ibraahiima Babangida, to Fedde Liberty, Ibadan. Fedde Obafemi Awolowo ɗon tokki ɓesdaago miijooji maako nder kuuje jaayndeeji bana Webinar Awolowo Memorial 2025, haani ""Nduuni 21st Century: Fuuɗuki e Fuuɗugo". Ɗuum ɗemɗe hawti e teknoloji (ko ɓuri fuu AI), hakkilantaaku hoore, e kiitaaji ummaatoore - ko Awolowo jeyi. Ammaa, ko ɓuri mawnugo (ngam Awoism) woni ko'e mum ko'e misal, welfarism, darnde mum ngam ɓeydaade laawol decolonisation e dow dow dow dow feddeere dow [[Self-determination|hoore hoore]] kalfinaaji e ɗemɗe e hawtuki dow lesdi fuɗɗi dow lesdi - bana dow dow dow lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi. Awolowo maayi nder jam nder wuro maako Ikenne nder lesdi Ogun, Efunyela Hall (nde noddiraa diga inna maako), nder 9 Maayi 1987, e duuɓi 78 e nder Ikenne, lesdi Ogun. == Nolde hoore == Awolowo waree [[Haana Awolowo|Hannah Idowu Dideolu Adelana]], boo daga [[Ikenne]] Ogun State, e 26 Desemba 1937. Ɓe woodi ɓiɓɓe njooɗi (5): OluSegun Awolowo (1938-1963), (baaba Segun Awolowo), Omotola Oyediran (woowo Awolowo) (1940-2020), Oluwole Awolowo (woowo 1942-2013), Ayodele Soyode (woowo awolowo) (woowo 1944-2011), inna debbo ɗiɗawɗo nder lesdi Naajeeriya Dolapo Osinbajo, e Tokunbo Awolowo-Dosunmu (1948). == Ko'e teddungal == [[File:Public_sculpture_Nigeria_05.jpg|thumb|Fuude Awolowo nder Ikeja]] Ha ɓaawo ko ɗuuɗi dow laamorde mawɗe, innde maako ɗon wondi dow laawol, bana way Awolowo, Bodija Ibadan, Chief Awolowo ɗon jogii laamorde '''Odole Oodua''' of [[Ifẹ|Ile-Ife]]. == Bibliography == * ''laawol to lesdi Nigeria'' * ''Awo - Autobiography of Chief Obafemi Awolowo'' * ''Fuude am'' * ''Firooji dow leydi Nigeria'' * ''Laamu yimɓe'' * ''Laddaaki & Tactiki lesdi Naajeeriya'' * ''Caɗeele Afrik - Ɗuɗal Foondooji'' * ''Awo dow konu lesdi Nigeria'' * ''Laddam to Mawɓe lesdi Nigeria'' * ''Wolde Hakkiilo'' * ''Wolde Ceyɗol'' * ''Wolde hikma'' * ''Fedde Ɓamtaare - Fedde 1 - Fedde Ɓamɗam nder suudu fursina'' * ''Fedde Ɓamtaare - Deftere 2 - Kuugal Demokarasii'' * ''Laddol am nder suudu ceerno'' * ''Soosyaalima nder kuugal lesdi Naajeeriya'' * ''Ɗe dow haala mawɗo Obafemi Awolowo'' * ''Fallaaji lesdi Nigeria'' * ''Ɗe'e ɗe Aawol mbaɗata'' * ''laawol to ardiiɓe jawdi nder lesdi ɓamtaare'' * ''Lataade ngam luural ɓaawo konu'' * ''Ɗaɓɓitol dow alkawal konu Anglo-Nigeria'' == Ndaare kadi ==   Ikenne residence of Chief Obafemi Awolowo == Firooji == <references /> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4bg9ddodkkjbc5j6c0619ztrnl592ql 0 42870 177590 2026-06-30T20:23:28Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "{{Databox}}'''Victor Rampyal Lar''' ko politikaajo leydi Najeriya, cuɓaaɗo senateer to diiwaan Plateau Sud, leydi Najeriya e nder wooteeji ngenndiiji lewru abriil 2011.  Lar dogi e dow laylaytol lannda yimɓe (PDP). Victor Lar ko Tarok ummoriiɗo Langtang, to bannge worgo leydi ndii.[1]  O heɓi dipolom makko e ganndal politik.[2]  Lietnaa-Seneraal pentiirɗo biyeteeɗo Jeremiah Useni, mo Lar fooli e woote 2011, siftinii hoore mum ko baaba mum politik Lar.  Ko o c..." 177590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Victor Rampyal Lar''' ko politikaajo leydi Najeriya, cuɓaaɗo senateer to diiwaan Plateau Sud, leydi Najeriya e nder wooteeji ngenndiiji lewru abriil 2011.  Lar dogi e dow laylaytol lannda yimɓe (PDP). Victor Lar ko Tarok ummoriiɗo Langtang, to bannge worgo leydi ndii.[1]  O heɓi dipolom makko e ganndal politik.[2]  Lietnaa-Seneraal pentiirɗo biyeteeɗo Jeremiah Useni, mo Lar fooli e woote 2011, siftinii hoore mum ko baaba mum politik Lar.  Ko o cukko hooreejo lesdi ngam lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya fuu (ANPP), o walli Lar bana kanndidaajo ANPP mo heɓi nasaraaku nder suɓol lesdi Abriil 1999 ngam suɓol lesdi Langtang woylaare e woylaare lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya.  Lar suɓaama kadi e lewru abriil 2003.[3] Lar ina jeyaa e politikaaji gadani bayyinde luural mum e ɗaɓɓaande hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo ngam waylude doosɗe leydi ngam newnude manndaa tataɓo.[2]  E lewru suwee 2006, Lar daɗii e warngo nde yimɓe nayo njani e galle makko tawi omo woɗɗi.  Motive mum anndaaka.[4]  E wooteeji lewru abriil 2007, Lar dañii woote ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Plateau e dow laylaytol ANPP, kono o fooli Jonah David Jang.  E lewru oktoobar 2009, o woppi lannda kaa.[5] E wooteeji lewru abriil 2011, Lar dañii woote senateeruuji Plateau Sud e tikket PDP, o heɓi 132 768 woote.  O fooli gonnooɗo balloowo makko Jerry Useni mo lannda Demokaraasi (DPP), keɓɗo 97 846 woote, e senaateer jooni oo, hono John Shagaya, mo lannda Labour (LP), keɓɗo 72 534 woote.  Luutndiiɓe Lar ɓee fof ko senerooji konu pentiirɗi.[6] == Tuugnorgal == <references /> n3lj475hao6znugxc0em6pld520wgm9 0 42871 177591 2026-06-30T20:27:31Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352149487|William Balfour Baikie]]" 177591 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Baikie_explorer.jpg|thumb|Portrait from Illustrated London News, 28 Januuwarre 1865]] '''William Balfour Baikie''' FSA Scot (27 August 1825 - 12 Desemba 1864) wonnooɗo Scottish explorer, naturalist e philologist.  == Biography == Baikie jibini haa Kirkwall, Orkney, ɓii mawɗo Captain John Baikie, R.N. O janngini sikke haa Edinburgh, nden, nde o heɓii M.D. degree, o jokki nder Royal Navy nder 1848. O ɓeydi anndugo Sir Roderick Murchison, ngam maako o laarani mo kirjuuna e naturalist to nder nder nder nder lesdi [[Maayo Jaaliba|Niger]], ɓe Macgregor Laird neli nder hitaande 1854 bee walli laamu. Maayi mawɗo (Konsol Beecroft) waɗii e Fernando Po, Baikie heɓii laamu. Nde o ƴeewta [[Maayo Benuwe|Benue]] dow mil 250 ɓaawo nokkuure nde ɓe ɗon njaha, ɓeynguɗo ɓaleere ''Pleiad'' o warti o yotti koore [[Maayo Jaaliba|Niger]], caggal nde o waɗi balɗe 118, o majjini goɗɗo. Nde o wartii to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|UK]], Baikie hokki haala golle maako nder Narrative of an Exploring Voyage dow maayo Kwora e Binue (1856). Nder lewru Maars 1857, Baikie - e darnde konsuulaaji Britaniya - fuɗɗi ha nder nder nder ''Pleiad''. Caggal duuɓi ɗiɗi nder nder nder njanngirde Niger, ndiyam ngal ɓaawo yahugo nder ndiyam, Baikie waawataa haɓɓugo yimɓe maako. Yimɓe njokki nder nder nder nder beedi Afrika ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa nder nder hitaande. Botanist Charles Barter, mo janngini e Kew Gardens e mo woni ardiiɗo Regent's Park of the Royal Botanic Society, London diga 1851 haa 1857, o hawti e dysentery o maayi e Rabba, [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] nder hitaande 1859. O ɗon haalaa e nder genus Barteria Hook. f. nder Passifloraceae. Baikie waɗi anniya ngam waɗugo ko yiɗi nder nder nder nder kuugal. O fuɗɗii miijotaago haɓɓugo jaaynde British Consular Agency to Kabba, ammaa o hawti e haɓre daga laamiiɗo nokku - ko foti sabu Baikie ɗon haɓana jaaynde maccuɓe, ɗun ɗon hokkata jawdi mawɗo ngam ardiiɓe lenyol go'o. Woni e nder ndiyam go'o, e go'o ko'o e ɗiɗo, e dow laɓɓinol Niger e Benue, o suɓi Lokoja bana nokkuure nde o waɗata kuuɗe maako, o woni nokkuure nde laɓɓinirde lesdi ndi Niger waɗi nder hitaande 1841, nden o acci nde ɓurɓe yahugo e nder lesdi ndiyan (ra'i Capt. W. Allen, R.N., e T. R. H. Thomson, M.D., A Narrative of the Expedition . . . to the River Niger in 1841, (1848)). Caggal nde o soodi nokkuure nden, o waɗi alkawal bee amir [[Pullo|Fula]] nder Nupe, o waɗi ngam o laaɓina leydi, o nyiɓa cuuɗi, o waɗi cuuɗi, e o waɗi laawol ngam gariiri yeeso. Nder duuɓi jowi o wurtini laawol Niger, o waɗi laawol, o waɗi duɗal ngal ɓe njottini ngam ɓe mbaɗa bee ko ɓe mbaɗi. Luttugol maako ɓeydi hawti bee wakiilooji ɓurɗe fuu ummaatooje [[Afrik]] hirnaange e caka caka, ɓurɗe 2,000 jaaynooɓe boo ɓe njaltini gariiri nder duuɓi tati arandeeji maako. To ummaatoore moƴƴere nde o waɗi non o huuwi naa' tan bana laamiiɗo, ammaa boo bana doktoor, jannginoowo e limanjo. O hawriti ko'e ɗemɗe Afrik ɓurɗe cappanɗe jowi, o maɓɓini feere nder Bibel e nder defte do'aare haa [[Hausare|Hausa]] e arab. So o jooɗii nder wuro maako, o waɗi konu dow lenyolji ɗon hawta. Nde o ɗon yaha wuro, nder yahugo, o maayi nder [[Sarliyon|Sierra Leone]]. [[File:William_Balfour_Baikie_memorial_in_Kirkwall_Cathedral,_Orkney.jpg|thumb|William Balfour Baikie memorial in St Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall, Orkney]] == Kuugal == Historia Naturalis Orcadensis. Zoology, Part 1 wurtini nder 1848, amma Part 2 wurtini. Baaki's Observations on the Hausa and Fuifuide (e.e. Fula) Ɗemɗe ɗum haɓɓii e nder hitaande 1861. Bibel Society haɓɓiti baylitol maako nder Ɗemɗe Cenndiije haa Hausa nder hitaande 1881. O wonnoo kadi jaayndiyanke golle feere feere dow Orkney e Shetland. == Ɓaamorde == Luttugal leɗɗe ''Baikiaea'' ɗon siftina innde maako. Bayki'en baylitolji nder lesdi Afrika ɗon walli faamugo misiyoner Scottish e doktoor Dr. David Livingston yahugo nder lesdi Afrika. Caggal maayde Baikie, laamu British ummini konsulaatu (1866), amma nokkuure jaayndeere ɗon mari semmbe. Daande nde Baikie huwdi e kuuɗe ma'a haa ɓaawo maajum, ɓaawo duuɓi 20 ɓe keɓii lesdi UK ngam jaɓɓorgo yimɓe. Lokoja laati laamorgo lesdi lesdi lesdi Naijeriya. == Firooji == cngc3lu393tdya5tf95rg0mfgvi1pkm 177592 177591 2026-06-30T20:27:46Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Baikie_explorer.jpg|thumb|Portrait from Illustrated London News, 28 Januuwarre 1865]] '''William Balfour Baikie''' FSA Scot (27 August 1825 - 12 Desemba 1864) wonnooɗo Scottish explorer, naturalist e philologist.  == Biography == Baikie jibini haa Kirkwall, Orkney, ɓii mawɗo Captain John Baikie, R.N. O janngini sikke haa Edinburgh, nden, nde o heɓii M.D. degree, o jokki nder Royal Navy nder 1848. O ɓeydi anndugo Sir Roderick Murchison, ngam maako o laarani mo kirjuuna e naturalist to nder nder nder nder lesdi [[Maayo Jaaliba|Niger]], ɓe Macgregor Laird neli nder hitaande 1854 bee walli laamu. Maayi mawɗo (Konsol Beecroft) waɗii e Fernando Po, Baikie heɓii laamu. Nde o ƴeewta [[Maayo Benuwe|Benue]] dow mil 250 ɓaawo nokkuure nde ɓe ɗon njaha, ɓeynguɗo ɓaleere ''Pleiad'' o warti o yotti koore [[Maayo Jaaliba|Niger]], caggal nde o waɗi balɗe 118, o majjini goɗɗo. Nde o wartii to [[Biritaani-Mawndi|UK]], Baikie hokki haala golle maako nder Narrative of an Exploring Voyage dow maayo Kwora e Binue (1856). Nder lewru Maars 1857, Baikie - e darnde konsuulaaji Britaniya - fuɗɗi ha nder nder nder ''Pleiad''. Caggal duuɓi ɗiɗi nder nder nder njanngirde Niger, ndiyam ngal ɓaawo yahugo nder ndiyam, Baikie waawataa haɓɓugo yimɓe maako. Yimɓe njokki nder nder nder nder beedi Afrika ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa nder nder hitaande. Botanist Charles Barter, mo janngini e Kew Gardens e mo woni ardiiɗo Regent's Park of the Royal Botanic Society, London diga 1851 haa 1857, o hawti e dysentery o maayi e Rabba, [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] nder hitaande 1859. O ɗon haalaa e nder genus Barteria Hook. f. nder Passifloraceae. Baikie waɗi anniya ngam waɗugo ko yiɗi nder nder nder nder kuugal. O fuɗɗii miijotaago haɓɓugo jaaynde British Consular Agency to Kabba, ammaa o hawti e haɓre daga laamiiɗo nokku - ko foti sabu Baikie ɗon haɓana jaaynde maccuɓe, ɗun ɗon hokkata jawdi mawɗo ngam ardiiɓe lenyol go'o. Woni e nder ndiyam go'o, e go'o ko'o e ɗiɗo, e dow laɓɓinol Niger e Benue, o suɓi Lokoja bana nokkuure nde o waɗata kuuɗe maako, o woni nokkuure nde laɓɓinirde lesdi ndi Niger waɗi nder hitaande 1841, nden o acci nde ɓurɓe yahugo e nder lesdi ndiyan (ra'i Capt. W. Allen, R.N., e T. R. H. Thomson, M.D., A Narrative of the Expedition . . . to the River Niger in 1841, (1848)). Caggal nde o soodi nokkuure nden, o waɗi alkawal bee amir [[Pullo|Fula]] nder Nupe, o waɗi ngam o laaɓina leydi, o nyiɓa cuuɗi, o waɗi cuuɗi, e o waɗi laawol ngam gariiri yeeso. Nder duuɓi jowi o wurtini laawol Niger, o waɗi laawol, o waɗi duɗal ngal ɓe njottini ngam ɓe mbaɗa bee ko ɓe mbaɗi. Luttugol maako ɓeydi hawti bee wakiilooji ɓurɗe fuu ummaatooje [[Afrik]] hirnaange e caka caka, ɓurɗe 2,000 jaaynooɓe boo ɓe njaltini gariiri nder duuɓi tati arandeeji maako. To ummaatoore moƴƴere nde o waɗi non o huuwi naa' tan bana laamiiɗo, ammaa boo bana doktoor, jannginoowo e limanjo. O hawriti ko'e ɗemɗe Afrik ɓurɗe cappanɗe jowi, o maɓɓini feere nder Bibel e nder defte do'aare haa [[Hausare|Hausa]] e arab. So o jooɗii nder wuro maako, o waɗi konu dow lenyolji ɗon hawta. Nde o ɗon yaha wuro, nder yahugo, o maayi nder [[Sarliyon|Sierra Leone]]. [[File:William_Balfour_Baikie_memorial_in_Kirkwall_Cathedral,_Orkney.jpg|thumb|William Balfour Baikie memorial in St Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall, Orkney]] == Kuugal == Historia Naturalis Orcadensis. Zoology, Part 1 wurtini nder 1848, amma Part 2 wurtini. Baaki's Observations on the Hausa and Fuifuide (e.e. Fula) Ɗemɗe ɗum haɓɓii e nder hitaande 1861. Bibel Society haɓɓiti baylitol maako nder Ɗemɗe Cenndiije haa Hausa nder hitaande 1881. O wonnoo kadi jaayndiyanke golle feere feere dow Orkney e Shetland. == Ɓaamorde == Luttugal leɗɗe ''Baikiaea'' ɗon siftina innde maako. Bayki'en baylitolji nder lesdi Afrika ɗon walli faamugo misiyoner Scottish e doktoor Dr. David Livingston yahugo nder lesdi Afrika. Caggal maayde Baikie, laamu British ummini konsulaatu (1866), amma nokkuure jaayndeere ɗon mari semmbe. Daande nde Baikie huwdi e kuuɗe ma'a haa ɓaawo maajum, ɓaawo duuɓi 20 ɓe keɓii lesdi UK ngam jaɓɓorgo yimɓe. Lokoja laati laamorgo lesdi lesdi lesdi Naijeriya. == Firooji == omwaieoerairxjnvy0a49500ohx8kte 0 42872 177593 2026-06-30T20:29:06Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358500213|Sulaimanu Barau]]" 177593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suleimanu Barau''',pronunciationⓘ OBE (1903 &#x2013; 1979) was the 6th emir of Abuja. Then, the name Abuja implied the name of the emirate controlled by the Hausa rulers who had fled Zazzau during the Fulani Jihad. He was born to the family of Mohammed Gani and attended [[Bida]] Provincial School. After completing his secondary studies, he proceeded to Katsina Training College for preparatory studies on education and teaching. In 1944, he was appointed emir of Abuja, by the time of his appointment, he was the first western trained emir in Nigeria. == Laamu == [[File:Sulaiman_Barau,_Yahaya_Ilorin,_Usman_Nagogo,_E._E._E._Anwan,_Adesoji_Aderemi_and_T._A._J._Ogunbiyi_(London_1948).png|left|thumb|212x212px|Daga haa haa haa haa yaake: '''Sulaiman Barau''', Yahaya Ilorin, [[Usman Nagogo]] (Sarkin Katsina), E. E. E Anwan, [[Adesoji Aderemi]] (Ooni of Ife) e T. A. J. Ogunbiyi haa kawtal British of African Colonies ha [[London]] ha hitaande 1948.]] Caggal nde o waɗi duuɓi jowi e [[Katsina]] College, o heɓii seertifikatji jannginooɓe. O ɗon anndini haa Keffi e Bida diga 1927 haa 1931. Ammaa, o acci golle jannginooɓe ɓaawo nde o laati hooreejo diiwaan Diko nder 1931. Daga ɗon, o huuwani nder Abuja Native Administration ngam wallude Emir Musa, mo ɗon ɓadake mawɗo. Nder 1944, o waɗii emir. Bana laamiiɗo emirate Abuja, o wurtini al'aadaaji jamanu to darnde feere e aada hausa'en. O wurtini al'aadaaji ɗi yimɓe ɓeen ɗon kolli e ɓe ɗon ɗortoo leɗɗe dow hoore maɓɓe ngam ɓe cujidana mo. O fuɗɗii kadi jaayndeeji feere nder aada Abuja. Bana laamiiɗo mo o janngini, o hokki mo hakkiiloji ɗuɗɗi. O wonnoo gooto e emires ɗiin ɓe cuɓɓi nder jaayndeeji janngooɓe lesdi Naajeeriya e o wonnoo ardiiɗo jaaynde lesdi Naajeeri. == Firooji == ouzvu4ygco3izty6bp0fn05ur0rddtr 177594 177593 2026-06-30T20:29:23Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Suleimanu Barau''',pronunciationⓘ OBE (1903 &#x2013; 1979) was the 6th emir of Abuja. Then, the name Abuja implied the name of the emirate controlled by the Hausa rulers who had fled Zazzau during the Fulani Jihad. He was born to the family of Mohammed Gani and attended [[Bida]] Provincial School. After completing his secondary studies, he proceeded to Katsina Training College for preparatory studies on education and teaching. In 1944, he was appointed emir of Abuja, by the time of his appointment, he was the first western trained emir in Nigeria. == Laamu == [[File:Sulaiman_Barau,_Yahaya_Ilorin,_Usman_Nagogo,_E._E._E._Anwan,_Adesoji_Aderemi_and_T._A._J._Ogunbiyi_(London_1948).png|left|thumb|212x212px|Daga haa haa haa haa yaake: '''Sulaiman Barau''', Yahaya Ilorin, [[Usman Nagogo]] (Sarkin Katsina), E. E. E Anwan, [[Adesoji Aderemi]] (Ooni of Ife) e T. A. J. Ogunbiyi haa kawtal British of African Colonies ha [[London]] ha hitaande 1948.]] Caggal nde o waɗi duuɓi jowi e [[Katsina]] College, o heɓii seertifikatji jannginooɓe. O ɗon anndini haa Keffi e Bida diga 1927 haa 1931. Ammaa, o acci golle jannginooɓe ɓaawo nde o laati hooreejo diiwaan Diko nder 1931. Daga ɗon, o huuwani nder Abuja Native Administration ngam wallude Emir Musa, mo ɗon ɓadake mawɗo. Nder 1944, o waɗii emir. Bana laamiiɗo emirate Abuja, o wurtini al'aadaaji jamanu to darnde feere e aada hausa'en. O wurtini al'aadaaji ɗi yimɓe ɓeen ɗon kolli e ɓe ɗon ɗortoo leɗɗe dow hoore maɓɓe ngam ɓe cujidana mo. O fuɗɗii kadi jaayndeeji feere nder aada Abuja. Bana laamiiɗo mo o janngini, o hokki mo hakkiiloji ɗuɗɗi. O wonnoo gooto e emires ɗiin ɓe cuɓɓi nder jaayndeeji janngooɓe lesdi Naajeeriya e o wonnoo ardiiɗo jaaynde lesdi Naajeeri. == Firooji == dwdpsd63dgllrrw1of7jky3xyi8yu0r 0 42873 177595 2026-06-30T20:30:16Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336050827|Charles Barter]]" 177595 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Barter''' (1821 - 15 Julaay 1859) o wonnooɗo Scottish gardiner e botanist mo janngini e Kew Gardens to London gila 1849 haa 1851. O laati hooreejo Regent's Park of the Royal Botanic Society diga 1851 haa 1857. Nder hitaande 1857, o jokki nder jaaynde to [[Niiser|Niger]] e hooreejo William Balfour Baikie (1825-1864), mo naturalist e filologu diga Scotland, mo ɗon haani e Charles Darwin. Luttugol ngol timmi wakkati nde komiwal ngal hawti e kaaƴe ɓadii Jebba. Ɗum waɗi hitaande go'o ngam ɓe njokka ɓe ɓe njogii ɓe hoɗata to Ingilandi ammaa Charles Barter du'a wari nder lesdi maako. O hawti e dysentery o maayi nder Rabba, [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] nder hitaande 1859. Goomu biyeteeɗo Gustav Mann, ɗum neldi mo nder nder nder jaaynde nde o nyawdi. Limle nder genus ''Barteria'' Hook. f. nder Passifloraceae ɗon haalde innde maako. ''Palisota barteri'' ko huunde nder famada Commelinaceae, ko ɗum kadi teddini innde makko. == Firooji == ll5r9z7r4zje6v2hedrt5z9hhes5i85 177596 177595 2026-06-30T20:30:28Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Barter''' (1821 - 15 Julaay 1859) o wonnooɗo Scottish gardiner e botanist mo janngini e Kew Gardens to London gila 1849 haa 1851. O laati hooreejo Regent's Park of the Royal Botanic Society diga 1851 haa 1857. Nder hitaande 1857, o jokki nder jaaynde to [[Niiser|Niger]] e hooreejo William Balfour Baikie (1825-1864), mo naturalist e filologu diga Scotland, mo ɗon haani e Charles Darwin. Luttugol ngol timmi wakkati nde komiwal ngal hawti e kaaƴe ɓadii Jebba. Ɗum waɗi hitaande go'o ngam ɓe njokka ɓe ɓe njogii ɓe hoɗata to Ingilandi ammaa Charles Barter du'a wari nder lesdi maako. O hawti e dysentery o maayi nder Rabba, [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] nder hitaande 1859. Goomu biyeteeɗo Gustav Mann, ɗum neldi mo nder nder nder jaaynde nde o nyawdi. Limle nder genus ''Barteria'' Hook. f. nder Passifloraceae ɗon haalde innde maako. ''Palisota barteri'' ko huunde nder famada Commelinaceae, ko ɗum kadi teddini innde makko. == Firooji == qdejt2p4ubkttzm6w37jr2y496nxumn 0 42874 177597 2026-06-30T20:31:23Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344024238|Alexander Beattie]]" 177597 wikitext text/x-wiki Lt. Col. '''Alexander Elder Beattie''' CMG CBE MC (25 Januwuru 1888 - 15 Awril 1951) wonnoo hooreejo konu leydi leydi leydi leydi ndii. Ɓiɗɗo gardiiɗo konu, Beattie jibini e wuro Stirling Castle, o jeyaa nder Argyll e Sutherland Highlanders nder 1906. duuɓi ɗiɗi ɓaawo o waɗii nder Royal Regiment Queen's. O huuwani nder [[Hinndi|India]] e Aaden, o waɗi nder Royal West African Frontier Force nder 1911, o huuwani nder [[Nigeria]]_Regiment" id="mwEg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nigeria Regiment">Regiment Nigeria e nder ardiiɗo. Nder konu duuniyaaru arande o yi'i kuugal kuugal nder lesdi Nigeria e [[Kamerun|Kameruun]], o heɓii jaɓde konu (MC). O waɗii hooreejo Orde laamu British (CBE) ngam Kuugal konu maako nder hitaande 1920 nder hitaande kese. Nder hitaande 1922 o jeyi diga konu konu bana laftinaare-kolonel, o jokki nder suudu jaɓɓaare lesdi e o jeyaaɗo to hooreejo lesdi Gibraltar. O waɗi golle e Falkland Islands e Cyprus, o warti Gibraltar nder hitaande 1930, o waɗi golle haa hitaande 1941, nde o laatii jaagorɗo San Vincent. O waɗiiɗo hono hono hono hono St Michael e St George (CMG) e hitaande 1933. O wartii Ingiltere nder 1944 nden o dartiiɗo dow laamorde ummorde leydi Scotland e North-East England haa o jaɓaama nder hitaande 1947. O fuɗɗiti gollaade nder kuugal go'o nder suudu koloniya nder hitaande 1949. == Koolol == {{Reflist}} == Firooji == mhpqplula386blipqyrdisj69jj174b 177598 177597 2026-06-30T20:31:41Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Lt. Col. '''Alexander Elder Beattie''' CMG CBE MC (25 Januwuru 1888 - 15 Awril 1951) wonnoo hooreejo konu leydi leydi leydi leydi ndii. Ɓiɗɗo gardiiɗo konu, Beattie jibini e wuro Stirling Castle, o jeyaa nder Argyll e Sutherland Highlanders nder 1906. duuɓi ɗiɗi ɓaawo o waɗii nder Royal Regiment Queen's. O huuwani nder [[Hinndi|India]] e Aaden, o waɗi nder Royal West African Frontier Force nder 1911, o huuwani nder [[Nigeria]]_Regiment" id="mwEg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nigeria Regiment">Regiment Nigeria e nder ardiiɗo. Nder konu duuniyaaru arande o yi'i kuugal kuugal nder lesdi Nigeria e [[Kamerun|Kameruun]], o heɓii jaɓde konu (MC). O waɗii hooreejo Orde laamu British (CBE) ngam Kuugal konu maako nder hitaande 1920 nder hitaande kese. Nder hitaande 1922 o jeyi diga konu konu bana laftinaare-kolonel, o jokki nder suudu jaɓɓaare lesdi e o jeyaaɗo to hooreejo lesdi Gibraltar. O waɗi golle e Falkland Islands e Cyprus, o warti Gibraltar nder hitaande 1930, o waɗi golle haa hitaande 1941, nde o laatii jaagorɗo San Vincent. O waɗiiɗo hono hono hono hono St Michael e St George (CMG) e hitaande 1933. O wartii Ingiltere nder 1944 nden o dartiiɗo dow laamorde ummorde leydi Scotland e North-East England haa o jaɓaama nder hitaande 1947. O fuɗɗiti gollaade nder kuugal go'o nder suudu koloniya nder hitaande 1949. == Koolol == {{Reflist}} == Firooji == kqk7cerp5bd3b42lzh3b0pbytt90cal 0 42875 177599 2026-06-30T20:33:20Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "{{Databox}}'''Oluyemi Adewale Taiwoliste'''nR ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati tergal wakiiliijo lesdi Ibarapa Fuunaange/Ido nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Oyo, nden o tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Oyo.  O jibinaa ko e hitaande 1968, o jeyaa ko e diiwaan Oyo.  O suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji e wooteeji 2019 e les njiimaandi Kongres (APC). == Tuugnorgal == <references />" 177599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Oluyemi Adewale Taiwoliste'''nR ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati tergal wakiiliijo lesdi Ibarapa Fuunaange/Ido nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Oyo, nden o tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Oyo.  O jibinaa ko e hitaande 1968, o jeyaa ko e diiwaan Oyo.  O suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji e wooteeji 2019 e les njiimaandi Kongres (APC). == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 44cmhgvkdb5kt7fc7tv57u81cchcisd 177603 177599 2026-06-30T20:35:22Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Oluyemi Adewale Taiwoliste'''nR ko siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati tergal wakiiliijo lesdi Ibarapa Fuunaange/Ido nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Oyo, nden o tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Oyo.  O jibinaa ko e hitaande 1968, o jeyaa ko e diiwaan Oyo.  O suɓaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji e wooteeji 2019 e les njiimaandi Kongres (APC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/adewale-oluyemi-taiwo|access-date=2025-01-08|website=Citizen Science Nigeria|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2022-01-10|title=MIDTERM: Taiwo, Oyo Rep with no bill in 2 years|url=https://orderpaper.ng/new/?p=3547|access-date=2025-01-08|website=OrderPaper|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119063106/https://orderpaper.ng/new/?p=3547|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Olafusi|first=Ebunoluwa|date=2020-04-07|title=EXTRA: Rep celebrates Makinde's COVID-19 recovery with N500 recharge card giveaway|url=https://www.thecable.ng/extra-rep-celebrates-makindes-covid-19-recovery-with-n500-recharge-card-giveaway/|access-date=2025-06-05|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Lawmaker secures federal intervention funding for AI Robotics Facility in Ibadan|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/lawmaker-secures-federal-intervention-funding-for-ai-robotics-facility-in-ibadan/|access-date=2025-06-05|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Grace|first=Ihesiulo|date=2017-05-17|title=2017: Oyo residents assured of new dawn|url=https://dailytimesng.com/2017-oyo-residents-assured-new-dawn/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-06-05|newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> j62efzyrcsal0bbvieilpu94f09wiif 0 42876 177600 2026-06-30T20:33:50Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347298313|Frederick Bedford]]" 177600 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Memorial_to_Frederick_George_Denham_Bedord,_Greenwich_Hospital_Chapel.jpg|thumb|481x481px|Ngol ko ɗum faami Frederick George Denham Bedford, suudu suudu ndun Greenwich]] [[Royal Navy]])">Admiral '''Sir Frederick George Denham Bedford''', GCB, GCVO (24 Desemba 1838 - 30 Janvier 1913) wonnoo ardiiɗo Royal Navy e gomnaango Western Australia gila 24 Mars 1903 haa 22 Awril 1909. == Kuugal maayo == Bedford jibinaa ko ñalnde 24 lewru Desemba 1838, o jokki nder Royal Navy nder lewru Yuli 1852, to duuɓi 14. O yi'i fuɗɗam nder [[HMS Sampson (1844)|HMS ''Samsson'']] e HMS Vulture, o jokki nder kuugal feere nder konu Crimean nder duuɓi 1854-55. Bana hooreejo mo o huuwani nder HMS <nowiki><i id="mwJg">Serapis</i></nowiki> nde nde nde laana ɗon ɗon yaadi Prince of Wales (ko ɓaawo maajum laamiiɗo Edward VII nder nder nder nder India nder hitaande 1875. O jeyaa haa capitan 15 mee 1876, o jeyaa e capitan flag e HMS <nowiki><i id="mwKg">Shah</i></nowiki> dow Pacific Station nder nder nder nder kuugal e ferru Peru e nder lewru Mee 1877. Daga 1880 haa 1883 o waɗi kuuɗe jaango nder hooreejo Royal Naval College, Greenwich, ammaa nder hitaande ɓaawo ɗon o wardi dow dowla, wakkati oon o wardi hooreejo HMS <nowiki><i id="mwLg">Monarch</i></nowiki>. Caggal nde o waɗi sahaa nde o woni hooreejo kaalibaaji ɗi o ɗon jaŋde e nder ndiyam, o jokki dow hooreejo amiral leydi e nder lewru deeseemba 1889 o jeyaa e nder ardiiɓe ndiyam haa hitaande 1892. Bedford nodditi hooreejo dowla, Cape of Good Hope e West Coast of Africa Station nder hitaande 1892: nder hitaande 1894, Bedford hawti e waɗde dow Nana Olomu hooreejo Benin. [[Brohomi]] ɗon ɗon ɗon yi'a nder hitaande 1894 diga nder kawtal mawɗo British Naval Brigade e [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] Coast Protectorate Force ɗo Bedford e Consul General [[Ralf Moor|Ralph Moor]] ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon. E nder nder nder kuugal ngal, ɓe mbiyi ko ɓuri 500 haa 600 maccuɓe. Nder 22 feebariyee 1895, gardiiɓe maayo maayo British, ɗo Bedford waɗi dow dow dow dow ngam [[Sosiyetee laamɗo Niiseer|Royal Niger Company]], ɓe hokki laamu dow laamu ngu Queen Victoria nder hitaande 1886, ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ɓooya Brass, gariiri mawɗo yimɓe Ljo nder Nembe nder Niger Delta nder lesdi Naajeeriya. Bedford ɗon warugo haa Admiralty ngam o laɓɓinaama Second Naval Lord nder lewru Mee 1895, o huuwani bana non haa lewru Mee 1899 . O jeyaa haa o jeyaa haa hooreejo hooreejo hooreeɓe dow 10 lewru Mee 1897. Nder hitaande 1899 Bedford waɗi hooreejo dow dowla dowlaaji Amerika Waare e Indiji Yuru, o huuwani bee HMS Crescent. Sanduwol ngol e dow maako boowon [[Jamayka|Jamaika]] e Bermuda nder lewru feebariyee 1900. O waɗi kuugal Amerika Fuuta haa 15 lewru Julaay 1902, nde o jeyaa e Vice Admiral Sir Archibald Douglas, o dilli e wuro e Crescent. Caggal nde Laamiiɗo Edward VII, Bedford waɗi hooreejo Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) nder nder nder 1902 Coronation Honours haɓɓii e 26 lewru Juun 1902, o heɓi tagdi nder nder nder nder jaayɗe laamiije <nowiki><i id="mwcg">Victoria e Albert</i></nowiki> to Cowes e 15 lewru Awust 1902, balɗe go'o yeeso jaayɗe gardagol daande nde waɗii ton ngam marki laamiije. Bedford hawti e nder nder raɓɓondiral bee Crescent, ngam ɓe ɓeydaani ɓe ɓe ceede. O ɓeydiima haa o heɓii darnde amiral ñalnde 3 oktoobar 1902. Caggal nde o laɓɓini hooreejo leydi, o resiti e nder laamu laamu laamu leydi ndii e lewru 30 mee 1903. == Goobnaaru lesdi Western Australia == Bedford anndini hooreejo lesdi Australia hirnaange fuɗɗam lewru Janaayo 1903, o suɓii nder lewru boo, o hoo'i hooreejo lesdi ndii nde o wari ton nder lewru 24 Maars 1903. Nder 4 lewru Juun 1907 o haɓɓiti golfu Royal Fremantle Golf Club nder Western Australia, amma ko haa lewru Maars 1909 nde laawol 18 hoolaare fuu ɗon haɓɓii. Bedford heɓi Globe Hill Station bee Thomas Frederick de Pledge nder hitaande 1909 ngam £35,000. == Fedde == [[File:Lady_Ethel_Bedford_by_Durrant_&_Son.JPG|thumb|Lady Ethel Bedford diga Durrant & Son]] Bedford waree Ethel Turner, ɓiɗɗo debbo E. R. Turner, Ipswich, nder hitaande 1880. Lady Bedford ɗon yahda bee gorko maako, o ɗon mari marɗo suudu Admiralty House haa Halifax, Nova Scotia, haa 1902. O yiɗi kuuɗe moƴƴe, o ɗon waɗa nder dokkal ngam huuwugo yimɓe. Ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗo on ko Vice Admiral Sir Arthur Edward Frederick Bedford, mo waree Miss Gladys Mort nder Sydney, Australia. Nde ɓe jooɗii e Easthampnett, ɓiɗɗo maɓɓe Frederick, innde baaba maako, mo laati laftinaande nder Fleet Air Arm, maayi nder kuugal dow St Pauls Bay, [[Malta]] haa 21 feebariyee 1942, e duuɓi 22, nden ɓe maayi nder Capuccini Naval Cemetery haa Kalkara, Malta. == Tawi e kuuje cukalel == Ɗi ɗiɗo nder wuro Perth ina noddi e Bedford - Bedford (jo nder wuro Bayswater) e Bedfordale (jo nder nder wuro Armadale). Ɓeydi noon, ko ɗum waɗi e nder kisal ngal, ko ɗum woni nder kisal ko'e mum e nder kisol ko'e maɓɓe. Ɗuum ko taƴoore nder suudu suudu suudu ndun nder suudu ndun Greenwich, London. === Fedde === Bedford ɗon haandi bee ''TS Bedford'', go'o ɗon ɗon haandi diga fuɗɗam nder karɓe garɓe lesdi Australiya. == Ɗuɓɓugo == Bedford waɗi deftere wi'eteeɗo The Sailor's Pocket Book: A Collection of Practical Rules, Notes, and Tables. ''Ngam huutoreeji Royal Navy, Mercantile Marine, e Yacht Squadrons.'' Deftere nden fuɗnaama nder hitaande 1875. Fedde 4 fuɗɗii wurtinde nder hitaande 1885. == Ɗeɗe == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nyzc7mwmaks83m79gqzcx77wj9x1wba 177601 177600 2026-06-30T20:34:09Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Memorial_to_Frederick_George_Denham_Bedord,_Greenwich_Hospital_Chapel.jpg|thumb|481x481px|Ngol ko ɗum faami Frederick George Denham Bedford, suudu suudu ndun Greenwich]] [[Royal Navy]])">Admiral '''Sir Frederick George Denham Bedford''', GCB, GCVO (24 Desemba 1838 - 30 Janvier 1913) wonnoo ardiiɗo Royal Navy e gomnaango Western Australia gila 24 Mars 1903 haa 22 Awril 1909. == Kuugal maayo == Bedford jibinaa ko ñalnde 24 lewru Desemba 1838, o jokki nder Royal Navy nder lewru Yuli 1852, to duuɓi 14. O yi'i fuɗɗam nder [[HMS Sampson (1844)|HMS ''Samsson'']] e HMS Vulture, o jokki nder kuugal feere nder konu Crimean nder duuɓi 1854-55. Bana hooreejo mo o huuwani nder HMS <nowiki><i id="mwJg">Serapis</i></nowiki> nde nde nde laana ɗon ɗon yaadi Prince of Wales (ko ɓaawo maajum laamiiɗo Edward VII nder nder nder nder India nder hitaande 1875. O jeyaa haa capitan 15 mee 1876, o jeyaa e capitan flag e HMS <nowiki><i id="mwKg">Shah</i></nowiki> dow Pacific Station nder nder nder nder kuugal e ferru Peru e nder lewru Mee 1877. Daga 1880 haa 1883 o waɗi kuuɗe jaango nder hooreejo Royal Naval College, Greenwich, ammaa nder hitaande ɓaawo ɗon o wardi dow dowla, wakkati oon o wardi hooreejo HMS <nowiki><i id="mwLg">Monarch</i></nowiki>. Caggal nde o waɗi sahaa nde o woni hooreejo kaalibaaji ɗi o ɗon jaŋde e nder ndiyam, o jokki dow hooreejo amiral leydi e nder lewru deeseemba 1889 o jeyaa e nder ardiiɓe ndiyam haa hitaande 1892. Bedford nodditi hooreejo dowla, Cape of Good Hope e West Coast of Africa Station nder hitaande 1892: nder hitaande 1894, Bedford hawti e waɗde dow Nana Olomu hooreejo Benin. [[Brohomi]] ɗon ɗon ɗon yi'a nder hitaande 1894 diga nder kawtal mawɗo British Naval Brigade e [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] Coast Protectorate Force ɗo Bedford e Consul General [[Ralf Moor|Ralph Moor]] ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon. E nder nder nder kuugal ngal, ɓe mbiyi ko ɓuri 500 haa 600 maccuɓe. Nder 22 feebariyee 1895, gardiiɓe maayo maayo British, ɗo Bedford waɗi dow dow dow dow ngam [[Sosiyetee laamɗo Niiseer|Royal Niger Company]], ɓe hokki laamu dow laamu ngu Queen Victoria nder hitaande 1886, ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ɓooya Brass, gariiri mawɗo yimɓe Ljo nder Nembe nder Niger Delta nder lesdi Naajeeriya. Bedford ɗon warugo haa Admiralty ngam o laɓɓinaama Second Naval Lord nder lewru Mee 1895, o huuwani bana non haa lewru Mee 1899 . O jeyaa haa o jeyaa haa hooreejo hooreejo hooreeɓe dow 10 lewru Mee 1897. Nder hitaande 1899 Bedford waɗi hooreejo dow dowla dowlaaji Amerika Waare e Indiji Yuru, o huuwani bee HMS Crescent. Sanduwol ngol e dow maako boowon [[Jamayka|Jamaika]] e Bermuda nder lewru feebariyee 1900. O waɗi kuugal Amerika Fuuta haa 15 lewru Julaay 1902, nde o jeyaa e Vice Admiral Sir Archibald Douglas, o dilli e wuro e Crescent. Caggal nde Laamiiɗo Edward VII, Bedford waɗi hooreejo Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) nder nder nder 1902 Coronation Honours haɓɓii e 26 lewru Juun 1902, o heɓi tagdi nder nder nder nder jaayɗe laamiije <nowiki><i id="mwcg">Victoria e Albert</i></nowiki> to Cowes e 15 lewru Awust 1902, balɗe go'o yeeso jaayɗe gardagol daande nde waɗii ton ngam marki laamiije. Bedford hawti e nder nder raɓɓondiral bee Crescent, ngam ɓe ɓeydaani ɓe ɓe ceede. O ɓeydiima haa o heɓii darnde amiral ñalnde 3 oktoobar 1902. Caggal nde o laɓɓini hooreejo leydi, o resiti e nder laamu laamu laamu leydi ndii e lewru 30 mee 1903. == Goobnaaru lesdi Western Australia == Bedford anndini hooreejo lesdi Australia hirnaange fuɗɗam lewru Janaayo 1903, o suɓii nder lewru boo, o hoo'i hooreejo lesdi ndii nde o wari ton nder lewru 24 Maars 1903. Nder 4 lewru Juun 1907 o haɓɓiti golfu Royal Fremantle Golf Club nder Western Australia, amma ko haa lewru Maars 1909 nde laawol 18 hoolaare fuu ɗon haɓɓii. Bedford heɓi Globe Hill Station bee Thomas Frederick de Pledge nder hitaande 1909 ngam £35,000. == Fedde == [[File:Lady_Ethel_Bedford_by_Durrant_&_Son.JPG|thumb|Lady Ethel Bedford diga Durrant & Son]] Bedford waree Ethel Turner, ɓiɗɗo debbo E. R. Turner, Ipswich, nder hitaande 1880. Lady Bedford ɗon yahda bee gorko maako, o ɗon mari marɗo suudu Admiralty House haa Halifax, Nova Scotia, haa 1902. O yiɗi kuuɗe moƴƴe, o ɗon waɗa nder dokkal ngam huuwugo yimɓe. Ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗo on ko Vice Admiral Sir Arthur Edward Frederick Bedford, mo waree Miss Gladys Mort nder Sydney, Australia. Nde ɓe jooɗii e Easthampnett, ɓiɗɗo maɓɓe Frederick, innde baaba maako, mo laati laftinaande nder Fleet Air Arm, maayi nder kuugal dow St Pauls Bay, [[Malta]] haa 21 feebariyee 1942, e duuɓi 22, nden ɓe maayi nder Capuccini Naval Cemetery haa Kalkara, Malta. == Tawi e kuuje cukalel == Ɗi ɗiɗo nder wuro Perth ina noddi e Bedford - Bedford (jo nder wuro Bayswater) e Bedfordale (jo nder nder wuro Armadale). Ɓeydi noon, ko ɗum waɗi e nder kisal ngal, ko ɗum woni nder kisal ko'e mum e nder kisol ko'e maɓɓe. Ɗuum ko taƴoore nder suudu suudu suudu ndun nder suudu ndun Greenwich, London. === Fedde === Bedford ɗon haandi bee ''TS Bedford'', go'o ɗon ɗon haandi diga fuɗɗam nder karɓe garɓe lesdi Australiya. == Ɗuɓɓugo == Bedford waɗi deftere wi'eteeɗo The Sailor's Pocket Book: A Collection of Practical Rules, Notes, and Tables. ''Ngam huutoreeji Royal Navy, Mercantile Marine, e Yacht Squadrons.'' Deftere nden fuɗnaama nder hitaande 1875. Fedde 4 fuɗɗii wurtinde nder hitaande 1885. == Ɗeɗe == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gzs810w1bxafr7heuh7b8pxtgcbn2ku 0 42877 177602 2026-06-30T20:35:21Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360176602|John Beecroft]]" 177602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Beecroft''' (1790 - 10 Juun 1854) wonnooɗo e nder leydi Fernando Po e konsuula Britani e nder Bayu Benin e Biafra. == Ɓiɗɗo == Beecroft jibini nder Ingiltere hakkude daande Whitby, Yorkshire. Fuu fuɗɗoode maako ɗon ɓeyda, ammaa wakkati o ɗon huuwa dow ndiyam ndiyam, o ɗon anndina o jeyi diga hooreejo hooreejo leydi [[Farayse]] nder konu Napoleonic nder 1805, o jeyi haa 1814. Ɓaawo o wari nder gardagol marini'en e nder marini'e marini'o nder lesdi Greenland nder nder nder nder marini William Parry. == Kuugal koloniyaal == Nder 1829 o laatii mawɗo kuuɗe nder Fernando Po, saare nder Bayre Guinea je ɗon jeyaa to Spain, amma ko Britiyankooɓe huwti ngam huutugo dow kuuɗe booɗugo maccuɓe. Ngam hollaade ko o mari talantaaku ngam haɓɓugo e yimɓe nokku, nder 1830 Beecroft laatii laamiiɗo leydi Spain (dental laamiiɗo nder laamiiji lesdi Spain) nde Edward Nicolls (laamiiɗo leydi nden) wari to Ingiltere. Nde ɓe anndi Espaañ du yiɗaa jaɓugo hakkille leydi ndii, ɓe ƴetti leydi Ingliisi nder hitaande 1833, amma Beecroft ɓeydi gollude hooreejo leydi, haa e nder suudu kiita, koo nde o woni jaɓɗo jaɓde jaɓde. Nder 1843 Espaañ waɗi mo gomnaango Fernando Po e ɗiɗo goɗɗe leydi Espaañ. E hitaande 1849 o laarani konsuulaaji lesdi Benin e Biafra e leyɗe Britani, ko o waɗi (e hooreejo leydi Fernando Po) haa o maayi e hitaande 1854.<ref name="DNB" /> Nder wakkati maako nde be'eeroore Beecroft anndini nder lesdi Afrika huutoreeji ɓamɗe ngam jaangoore dow maayo Niger, [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]] e Benin River, nokkuure nde kuugal British ngal ngal ngal ngalluɗi. Ɓernde heɓugo maako ɗon haa dow naftoraago maako masin masin masin masin nder lesdi Europe, ammaa bee naftoraago afriknaaɓe nder lesdi ndi, ngam ɓe ɗon mari sembe masin dow nyawu nyawu man, ngam maajum ɓe maayi yimɓe Europe ɗuuɗɓe, ngam ɓe anndi kuuɗe kinine bana ko'e maɓɓe.<ref name="DNB" /> Caggal nde o wartii konsuulaare o walli e bombingol British dow [[Lagos]] e hitaande 1851, o jaɓii (o wondi mo jaɓɓi) ka nder Fedde hakkunde Great Britain e Lagos, 1 lewru 1 hitaande 1852, o waɗi gollal nder jaɓugo Pepple, laamiiɗo Bonny, e hitaande 1854.<ref name="DNB" /> == Maayi == Beecroft ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon haɓɓoo ngam yahugo feere haa maayo Niger nde o maayi nder 10 lewru Juun 1854 nden o haɓɓii nder Fernando Po. Wuro maako nder nder nder nder jaaynde ɗon marɗo [[Wiliyam Balfour Bayikie|William Balfour Baikie]]. Wuro maako, Mrs. Ellen Beecroft, ɓaawo ɗon o heɓii pension nder List Civil ngam anndugo darnde gorko maako nder halki jaaynde maccuɓe e ɓeydaago ɓaleeɓe Britaniya'en nder maayo Afrika. Beecroft boo o heɓii ɓiɓɓe debbo tati e ɓiɗɗo gorko. == Firooji == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> nn1yedyfq5hpq36sqlufd51wwin2xtz 177604 177602 2026-06-30T20:35:35Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Beecroft''' (1790 - 10 Juun 1854) wonnooɗo e nder leydi Fernando Po e konsuula Britani e nder Bayu Benin e Biafra. == Ɓiɗɗo == Beecroft jibini nder Ingiltere hakkude daande Whitby, Yorkshire. Fuu fuɗɗoode maako ɗon ɓeyda, ammaa wakkati o ɗon huuwa dow ndiyam ndiyam, o ɗon anndina o jeyi diga hooreejo hooreejo leydi [[Farayse]] nder konu Napoleonic nder 1805, o jeyi haa 1814. Ɓaawo o wari nder gardagol marini'en e nder marini'e marini'o nder lesdi Greenland nder nder nder nder marini William Parry. == Kuugal koloniyaal == Nder 1829 o laatii mawɗo kuuɗe nder Fernando Po, saare nder Bayre Guinea je ɗon jeyaa to Spain, amma ko Britiyankooɓe huwti ngam huutugo dow kuuɗe booɗugo maccuɓe. Ngam hollaade ko o mari talantaaku ngam haɓɓugo e yimɓe nokku, nder 1830 Beecroft laatii laamiiɗo leydi Spain (dental laamiiɗo nder laamiiji lesdi Spain) nde Edward Nicolls (laamiiɗo leydi nden) wari to Ingiltere. Nde ɓe anndi Espaañ du yiɗaa jaɓugo hakkille leydi ndii, ɓe ƴetti leydi Ingliisi nder hitaande 1833, amma Beecroft ɓeydi gollude hooreejo leydi, haa e nder suudu kiita, koo nde o woni jaɓɗo jaɓde jaɓde. Nder 1843 Espaañ waɗi mo gomnaango Fernando Po e ɗiɗo goɗɗe leydi Espaañ. E hitaande 1849 o laarani konsuulaaji lesdi Benin e Biafra e leyɗe Britani, ko o waɗi (e hooreejo leydi Fernando Po) haa o maayi e hitaande 1854.<ref name="DNB" /> Nder wakkati maako nde be'eeroore Beecroft anndini nder lesdi Afrika huutoreeji ɓamɗe ngam jaangoore dow maayo Niger, [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]] e Benin River, nokkuure nde kuugal British ngal ngal ngal ngalluɗi. Ɓernde heɓugo maako ɗon haa dow naftoraago maako masin masin masin masin nder lesdi Europe, ammaa bee naftoraago afriknaaɓe nder lesdi ndi, ngam ɓe ɗon mari sembe masin dow nyawu nyawu man, ngam maajum ɓe maayi yimɓe Europe ɗuuɗɓe, ngam ɓe anndi kuuɗe kinine bana ko'e maɓɓe.<ref name="DNB" /> Caggal nde o wartii konsuulaare o walli e bombingol British dow [[Lagos]] e hitaande 1851, o jaɓii (o wondi mo jaɓɓi) ka nder Fedde hakkunde Great Britain e Lagos, 1 lewru 1 hitaande 1852, o waɗi gollal nder jaɓugo Pepple, laamiiɗo Bonny, e hitaande 1854.<ref name="DNB" /> == Maayi == Beecroft ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon haɓɓoo ngam yahugo feere haa maayo Niger nde o maayi nder 10 lewru Juun 1854 nden o haɓɓii nder Fernando Po. Wuro maako nder nder nder nder jaaynde ɗon marɗo [[Wiliyam Balfour Bayikie|William Balfour Baikie]]. Wuro maako, Mrs. Ellen Beecroft, ɓaawo ɗon o heɓii pension nder List Civil ngam anndugo darnde gorko maako nder halki jaaynde maccuɓe e ɓeydaago ɓaleeɓe Britaniya'en nder maayo Afrika. Beecroft boo o heɓii ɓiɓɓe debbo tati e ɓiɗɗo gorko. == Firooji == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 05ym0z0uhtd8rs5s7jei9amcya0z5f1 0 42878 177607 2026-06-30T20:39:06Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Abass Olopoenia''' ko neɗɗo siyaasyanke mo leydi Najeriya, jeyaaɗo to diiwaan Oyo, leydi Najeriya.  O jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 abriil 1954. Omo jogii dewgal, omo jogii sukaaɓe.  Olopoenia golliima e nder suudu sarɗiiji, o lomtii diiwaan Iseyin/Itesiwaju/Kajola/Iwajowa e nder diiwaan Oyo gila lewru mee 2007 haa lewru mee 2011.[1][2] == Tuugnorgal ==" 177607 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abass Olopoenia''' ko neɗɗo siyaasyanke mo leydi Najeriya, jeyaaɗo to diiwaan Oyo, leydi Najeriya.  O jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 abriil 1954. Omo jogii dewgal, omo jogii sukaaɓe.  Olopoenia golliima e nder suudu sarɗiiji, o lomtii diiwaan Iseyin/Itesiwaju/Kajola/Iwajowa e nder diiwaan Oyo gila lewru mee 2007 haa lewru mee 2011.[1][2] == Tuugnorgal == h5xkz6v9j2vzaeawoskf9xej0tmjhim 177612 177607 2026-06-30T21:05:45Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Abass Olopoenia''' ko neɗɗo siyaasyanke mo leydi Najeriya, jeyaaɗo to diiwaan Oyo, leydi Najeriya.  O jibinaa ko ñalnde 15 abriil 1954. Omo jogii dewgal, omo jogii sukaaɓe.  Olopoenia golliima e nder suudu sarɗiiji, o lomtii diiwaan Iseyin/Itesiwaju/Kajola/Iwajowa e nder diiwaan Oyo gila lewru mee 2007 haa lewru mee 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/abass-olopoenia|access-date=2024-12-09|website=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Udo|first=Mary|date=2017-02-28|title=OLOPOENIA, Hon. Abass|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/olopoenia-hon-abass/|access-date=2024-12-09|website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> rpw1ouwuixxtbf4ps10stbhrk5h1h5k 0 42879 177608 2026-06-30T20:39:43Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1322057763|Samuel Bill]]" 177608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Alexander Bill''' MBE (10 lewru Desemba 1864 - 24 lewru Janare 1942) wonnoo misiyonarjo Kiristankoore Irlandi, jaɓoowo e mo fuɗɗiiɗo '''Qua Iboe Misiyon''' (ɗoon ko Misiyon Afrik). == Ɓiɗɗo == Bill ɓeydi nder Ballymacarrett Presbyterian Church, fuunaaŋge Belfast, amma ɓurɗo hawtaade e Island Street Belfast City Mission Hall. Ɓernde maako nder kuugal misiyonaare fuɗɗiti bee booɗugo to Belfast dow Dwight L. Moody e Ira D. Sankey nder hitaande 1874. O yahi to Harley Missionary Training College nder London, nden e nder ardiiji Henry Grattan Guinness; o yahi Nigeria ngam fuɗɗude gollaaku caka yimɓe Ibeno nder 1887. Misiyon ngal fuɗɗii ha maayo Qua Iboe, nden ko ɗum waɗi ko ɗum waɗi nde ko Misiyon ngal ko hooreejo ko Bill fuɗɗii e hitaande 1890.<ref name="FPC" /> Bill ɗon yi'a bana misiyonarjo, ɗon janngina Ɗemngal Efik, ɗon huwti bee yimɓe Ibeno, ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nganndi bee nder nder nder nder lesdi, ɗon ɗon huuwa bee nder nder suudu. == Ɓaamorde == Bill ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon mari Mary Slessor. Ko Bill anndinaama bana Scottish, o mari semmbe. Taariihooɓe ɗuɗɓe nder jama'aare mawɗo habaru habaru mawɗo nder leydi Irlandi ɗon anndina o go'oto nder yimɓe ɓurɓe nafugo wakkati maako, o sembiɗini yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nder leydi Irlande ngam ɓe ngaɗi kuugal kiristaana nder lesdi feere. Qua Iboe Mission ɓeydiima be gooto nder misiyonji ɓurɗi mawnugo e ɓurɗi footi e nder UK. Ko'e diina nde o haɓɓii, Ko'e Caaw Iboe mawnini haa ɓeydi ɗuuɗal. Hannde anndiraaɓe e United Evangelical Church, ɓe limti ko ɓuri miliyoŋ 2 nder hitaande 2007. Yimɓe lesdi Nigeria ɗuuɗɓe ɗon mawnina Bill nder nder nder nder carel. [[File:Gravestone-Revd._S._Bill_and_wife-Founders,_Qua_Iboe_Church2,_Ibeno,_Akwaibom_state.jpg|thumb|Kabirol Samuel e Grace Bill nder Ibeno]] Jaŋde teologiije to Abak nder worgo lesdi Naijeriya ina noddiraa nder yiide maako. == Fedde == Bill ware Grace, ɓe mari ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo, debbo Emma McClements (Bill), Emma waɗi maccuɗo bee gorko maako, John McClements. John Alexander Paterson Bill; ɓiɗɗo maako ɗon yiɗi yaaki nder kuugal baaba maako bana doktoor, ammaa o maayi nder 16 lewru Agust 1917 nder konu Langemarck. Ɗe defte Bill ɗon hawrita nder cuuɗi Proni haa Belfast. == Firooji == 7x9zwdok95frq0hsagdhcte33en723a 177609 177608 2026-06-30T20:40:03Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databpx}} '''Samuel Alexander Bill''' MBE (10 lewru Desemba 1864 - 24 lewru Janare 1942) wonnoo misiyonarjo Kiristankoore Irlandi, jaɓoowo e mo fuɗɗiiɗo '''Qua Iboe Misiyon''' (ɗoon ko Misiyon Afrik). == Ɓiɗɗo == Bill ɓeydi nder Ballymacarrett Presbyterian Church, fuunaaŋge Belfast, amma ɓurɗo hawtaade e Island Street Belfast City Mission Hall. Ɓernde maako nder kuugal misiyonaare fuɗɗiti bee booɗugo to Belfast dow Dwight L. Moody e Ira D. Sankey nder hitaande 1874. O yahi to Harley Missionary Training College nder London, nden e nder ardiiji Henry Grattan Guinness; o yahi Nigeria ngam fuɗɗude gollaaku caka yimɓe Ibeno nder 1887. Misiyon ngal fuɗɗii ha maayo Qua Iboe, nden ko ɗum waɗi ko ɗum waɗi nde ko Misiyon ngal ko hooreejo ko Bill fuɗɗii e hitaande 1890.<ref name="FPC" /> Bill ɗon yi'a bana misiyonarjo, ɗon janngina Ɗemngal Efik, ɗon huwti bee yimɓe Ibeno, ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nganndi bee nder nder nder nder lesdi, ɗon ɗon huuwa bee nder nder suudu. == Ɓaamorde == Bill ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon mari Mary Slessor. Ko Bill anndinaama bana Scottish, o mari semmbe. Taariihooɓe ɗuɗɓe nder jama'aare mawɗo habaru habaru mawɗo nder leydi Irlandi ɗon anndina o go'oto nder yimɓe ɓurɓe nafugo wakkati maako, o sembiɗini yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nder leydi Irlande ngam ɓe ngaɗi kuugal kiristaana nder lesdi feere. Qua Iboe Mission ɓeydiima be gooto nder misiyonji ɓurɗi mawnugo e ɓurɗi footi e nder UK. Ko'e diina nde o haɓɓii, Ko'e Caaw Iboe mawnini haa ɓeydi ɗuuɗal. Hannde anndiraaɓe e United Evangelical Church, ɓe limti ko ɓuri miliyoŋ 2 nder hitaande 2007. Yimɓe lesdi Nigeria ɗuuɗɓe ɗon mawnina Bill nder nder nder nder carel. [[File:Gravestone-Revd._S._Bill_and_wife-Founders,_Qua_Iboe_Church2,_Ibeno,_Akwaibom_state.jpg|thumb|Kabirol Samuel e Grace Bill nder Ibeno]] Jaŋde teologiije to Abak nder worgo lesdi Naijeriya ina noddiraa nder yiide maako. == Fedde == Bill ware Grace, ɓe mari ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo, debbo Emma McClements (Bill), Emma waɗi maccuɗo bee gorko maako, John McClements. John Alexander Paterson Bill; ɓiɗɗo maako ɗon yiɗi yaaki nder kuugal baaba maako bana doktoor, ammaa o maayi nder 16 lewru Agust 1917 nder konu Langemarck. Ɗe defte Bill ɗon hawrita nder cuuɗi Proni haa Belfast. == Firooji == 62ya714eoia233m57ku12iaxlm5qq7b 0 42880 177610 2026-06-30T20:59:15Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354482015|Richard Beale Blaize]]" 177610 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Beale Blaize''' (22 lewru Noofambar 1845 - 21 Septemba 1904) ko neɗɗo jaaynoowo leydi Naijeriya e leydi Siera Leone, jaayndiyanke, jawdiyanke e hooreejo leydi ɓaleeɓe ɓaleeɓe. == Ɓiɗɗo == Richard Olamilege Blaize jibini nder [[Firiton|Freetown]], Sierra Leone, to saare Creole nder [[Korɗo|maccuɓe]] jeewɓeɓe ɓe Yoruba. Baaba maako ngoni Ojelabi Olapajuokun (ko ɓaawo ɗun o waɗi innde John Blaize) e Maria Blaize. To o ɓeydi sukaaje, o yahi jaŋde misiyoner, o ɓeydii nder laawol Kiristaanu. O fuɗɗi huuwugo bana jannginoowo nder suudu taƴugo nder Freetown, ammaa ɓaawo nde o dilli leydi ndin, o yahi nder Lagos Colony nder hitaande 1862. == Kuugal nder jaayɗe e jaayɗe politik == [[File:Richard_Olamilege_Beale_Blaize_1845_1904.jpg|thumb|Richard Olamilege Beale Blaize, ca. 1885]] Caggal nde o wari Lagos e hitaande 1862, Blaize waɗi gollude e nder kuutorgal Robert Campbell, mo jaayndiyanke The Anglo-American. Nden o acci printing ngam jaaynde e importugo. Nder jaaynde, yimɓe ɓe hawtiɓe ɓe ɗuuɗani, ɓurna ɓe ɗon ƴiwo Lagos; ɓurɓe jaaynde'en ɓe ɓurna ɓe hawti bee jaaynde e jaayndeɓe e woɓɓe ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa. Yimɓe feere mari jaayndi'en ɓe mari jaayɗe, ɗe ɓe naftira ngam huutugo nder maayo Niger ngam ɓe ngurtina kuuje diga yimɓe ɓe ɗon yaha dow maayo, e woɓɓe boo ɗon ma'ana ɓe ɗon holla laamujo'en no ɓe ɗon yaha nder maayo. Blaize ha nder feere feere nder laccinooɓe Lagos ngam heɓugo heɓuki nder jaayɗe; o laati jaayɗo e hawti e jaayɗe nder Niger. Ko adii wonde ko ɓe njaɓii ko ɓe mbaɗata, ɓe mbaɗti ko ɓe mbaɗi, ɓe mbaɗi ko ɓe mbaɗa, ɓe mbaɗa ko ɓe mbaɗan, ɓe mbaɗan ko ɓe mbaɗii, ɓe mbaɗii ko ɓe mbaɗaa, ɓe mbaɗaa ko ɓe mbaawaa, ɓe mbaawa ko ɓe mbaawata, ɓe mballa ko ɓe mbaadi, ɓe mbaawataa ko ɓe mbaɗɗii, ɓe mbaadi ko ɓe mbaadii, ɓe mbaɗɗaa ko ɓe mba'a, ɓe mballita ko ɓe mbaɗo, ɓe mba'ataa ko ɓe njiɗi, ɓe mballita ko ɓe mbaatata ko ɓe mbaɗu, ɓe mbaɗo ɓe mbaɗataa ko ɓe mbiya, ɓe mbaatataa ko ɓe mbaltaa ko ɓe mbaasa, ɓe mbaataa ko ɓe ngaɗata ko ɓe mbii. O hawti e suudu jaaynde e leyɗe Europe Lagos ha hitaande 1888 o wondi nder nder nder nder jaaynde dow jaaynde nder Lagos e hitaande 1898. === Kuugal politik === O wonnoo goomu mo o anndi nder Royal African Society nder feccere ɗiɗmere karnijum sappo e jeego. O ɗon wondi boo nder wakkati feere, marɗo bolle. O nastini golle jardi e hitaande 1880, e ɓamtaare The ''Lagos Times e Gold Coast Colony Advertiser''. Kuɗol ngol waɗi Mojola Agbebi, mo ɓaawo ɗon o laatii mawɗo e anndiraa ngam hakkilantaaku maako dow lesdi lesdi ɗi aadi. Ammaa, nguurndam jardi ndin footi, o ɓeydi nder hitaande 1883. Ɓaawo ɗun [[John Payne Jakson|John Payne Jackson]], mo ƴellita nder lesdi Liberiya, mo yiɗi warugo Times. Caggal nde Blaize ɓeydi ɓeydi haɓɓugo, o jaɓii ngam wurtina ko ɓesngu: ''Lagos Weekly Times''. Nder nder wardi maako, o hawti e dow dow dow dow ngam ngam ngam ngam ɓeydude jannguki, darnde ɓurɗe ngam afriknaaɓe nder Lagos, hooreejo, e dow ngam ngam ɓe taƴina Lagos Colony diga Gold Coast Colony, ɗum ɓaawo ɗon ɓe taƴi nder 1886. Blaize'en semmbe siyasa nder Lagos Colony hollitii nder 1901 nder nder nder nder kiita ngam laamorde Lagos. Caggal nde Gomnaaru [[Wiliyam Makgregor|William MacGregor]] jaɓiima jaɓugo go'o nder ardiiɓe (Oduntan e Ajose Dawudu) ngam Obaship, go'o e laamiiɓe (Yesufu Omo-Oba) holliti Eshugbayi Eleko to Blaize, e Blaize boo holliti Esugbayi Eleco to Gomnaaru MacGregore, mo anndi Eleko bana Oba Lagos. == Nolde hoore == Blaize waree Emily Cole nder 1871 nden ɓe mari ɓiɓɓe 6 hawti e [[Charlotte Obasa|Charlotte Olajumoke]], mo nder 1902, waree Dr. [[Orisadipe Obasa]]. Emily Cole maayi nder 1895.<ref name="Mann" /> == Maayi, taƴre e walli == Nder duuɓi 1890s, Blaize'en jawdi mari mari ko famɗi £ 150,000. Blaize hokki £500 nder nder nder nder memory of Mary Kingsley to Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Nde o maayi e 1904, o mari £ 3,000 ngam tiggol Blaize Memorial Institute e Abeokuta, jeɓɓiti e 1909<ref name="Forrest" /> e huutoraade haa e 1970s. Blaize waɗi haade maako e Freetown, nokkuure danygol maako, o mari £500 to suudu ndun Princess Christian Hospital.<ref name="JHK" /> Blaize taƴi ɓiɓɓe maako jawdi je'e ko £60,000. Gooto nder ɓii mum woni mawɗo ɓannduɗo ɓanngooji lesdi Naijeriya Lola Maja. == Firooji == rnzofdp2eyamr76qezjq8u415jtgr7b 177611 177610 2026-06-30T20:59:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Richard Beale Blaize''' (22 lewru Noofambar 1845 - 21 Septemba 1904) ko neɗɗo jaaynoowo leydi Naijeriya e leydi Siera Leone, jaayndiyanke, jawdiyanke e hooreejo leydi ɓaleeɓe ɓaleeɓe. == Ɓiɗɗo == Richard Olamilege Blaize jibini nder [[Firiton|Freetown]], Sierra Leone, to saare Creole nder [[Korɗo|maccuɓe]] jeewɓeɓe ɓe Yoruba. Baaba maako ngoni Ojelabi Olapajuokun (ko ɓaawo ɗun o waɗi innde John Blaize) e Maria Blaize. To o ɓeydi sukaaje, o yahi jaŋde misiyoner, o ɓeydii nder laawol Kiristaanu. O fuɗɗi huuwugo bana jannginoowo nder suudu taƴugo nder Freetown, ammaa ɓaawo nde o dilli leydi ndin, o yahi nder Lagos Colony nder hitaande 1862. == Kuugal nder jaayɗe e jaayɗe politik == [[File:Richard_Olamilege_Beale_Blaize_1845_1904.jpg|thumb|Richard Olamilege Beale Blaize, ca. 1885]] Caggal nde o wari Lagos e hitaande 1862, Blaize waɗi gollude e nder kuutorgal Robert Campbell, mo jaayndiyanke The Anglo-American. Nden o acci printing ngam jaaynde e importugo. Nder jaaynde, yimɓe ɓe hawtiɓe ɓe ɗuuɗani, ɓurna ɓe ɗon ƴiwo Lagos; ɓurɓe jaaynde'en ɓe ɓurna ɓe hawti bee jaaynde e jaayndeɓe e woɓɓe ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa. Yimɓe feere mari jaayndi'en ɓe mari jaayɗe, ɗe ɓe naftira ngam huutugo nder maayo Niger ngam ɓe ngurtina kuuje diga yimɓe ɓe ɗon yaha dow maayo, e woɓɓe boo ɗon ma'ana ɓe ɗon holla laamujo'en no ɓe ɗon yaha nder maayo. Blaize ha nder feere feere nder laccinooɓe Lagos ngam heɓugo heɓuki nder jaayɗe; o laati jaayɗo e hawti e jaayɗe nder Niger. Ko adii wonde ko ɓe njaɓii ko ɓe mbaɗata, ɓe mbaɗti ko ɓe mbaɗi, ɓe mbaɗi ko ɓe mbaɗa, ɓe mbaɗa ko ɓe mbaɗan, ɓe mbaɗan ko ɓe mbaɗii, ɓe mbaɗii ko ɓe mbaɗaa, ɓe mbaɗaa ko ɓe mbaawaa, ɓe mbaawa ko ɓe mbaawata, ɓe mballa ko ɓe mbaadi, ɓe mbaawataa ko ɓe mbaɗɗii, ɓe mbaadi ko ɓe mbaadii, ɓe mbaɗɗaa ko ɓe mba'a, ɓe mballita ko ɓe mbaɗo, ɓe mba'ataa ko ɓe njiɗi, ɓe mballita ko ɓe mbaatata ko ɓe mbaɗu, ɓe mbaɗo ɓe mbaɗataa ko ɓe mbiya, ɓe mbaatataa ko ɓe mbaltaa ko ɓe mbaasa, ɓe mbaataa ko ɓe ngaɗata ko ɓe mbii. O hawti e suudu jaaynde e leyɗe Europe Lagos ha hitaande 1888 o wondi nder nder nder nder jaaynde dow jaaynde nder Lagos e hitaande 1898. === Kuugal politik === O wonnoo goomu mo o anndi nder Royal African Society nder feccere ɗiɗmere karnijum sappo e jeego. O ɗon wondi boo nder wakkati feere, marɗo bolle. O nastini golle jardi e hitaande 1880, e ɓamtaare The ''Lagos Times e Gold Coast Colony Advertiser''. Kuɗol ngol waɗi Mojola Agbebi, mo ɓaawo ɗon o laatii mawɗo e anndiraa ngam hakkilantaaku maako dow lesdi lesdi ɗi aadi. Ammaa, nguurndam jardi ndin footi, o ɓeydi nder hitaande 1883. Ɓaawo ɗun [[John Payne Jakson|John Payne Jackson]], mo ƴellita nder lesdi Liberiya, mo yiɗi warugo Times. Caggal nde Blaize ɓeydi ɓeydi haɓɓugo, o jaɓii ngam wurtina ko ɓesngu: ''Lagos Weekly Times''. Nder nder wardi maako, o hawti e dow dow dow dow ngam ngam ngam ngam ɓeydude jannguki, darnde ɓurɗe ngam afriknaaɓe nder Lagos, hooreejo, e dow ngam ngam ɓe taƴina Lagos Colony diga Gold Coast Colony, ɗum ɓaawo ɗon ɓe taƴi nder 1886. Blaize'en semmbe siyasa nder Lagos Colony hollitii nder 1901 nder nder nder nder kiita ngam laamorde Lagos. Caggal nde Gomnaaru [[Wiliyam Makgregor|William MacGregor]] jaɓiima jaɓugo go'o nder ardiiɓe (Oduntan e Ajose Dawudu) ngam Obaship, go'o e laamiiɓe (Yesufu Omo-Oba) holliti Eshugbayi Eleko to Blaize, e Blaize boo holliti Esugbayi Eleco to Gomnaaru MacGregore, mo anndi Eleko bana Oba Lagos. == Nolde hoore == Blaize waree Emily Cole nder 1871 nden ɓe mari ɓiɓɓe 6 hawti e [[Charlotte Obasa|Charlotte Olajumoke]], mo nder 1902, waree Dr. [[Orisadipe Obasa]]. Emily Cole maayi nder 1895.<ref name="Mann" /> == Maayi, taƴre e walli == Nder duuɓi 1890s, Blaize'en jawdi mari mari ko famɗi £ 150,000. Blaize hokki £500 nder nder nder nder memory of Mary Kingsley to Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Nde o maayi e 1904, o mari £ 3,000 ngam tiggol Blaize Memorial Institute e Abeokuta, jeɓɓiti e 1909<ref name="Forrest" /> e huutoraade haa e 1970s. Blaize waɗi haade maako e Freetown, nokkuure danygol maako, o mari £500 to suudu ndun Princess Christian Hospital.<ref name="JHK" /> Blaize taƴi ɓiɓɓe maako jawdi je'e ko £60,000. Gooto nder ɓii mum woni mawɗo ɓannduɗo ɓanngooji lesdi Naijeriya Lola Maja. == Firooji == qxcpg6eme8i7h202t91d7deiuya0e3e 0 42881 177613 2026-06-30T21:09:40Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "{{Databox}}'''Olajide Olatubosun k'''o dawruyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o lomtii diiwaan Saki Fuɗnaange/Saki Hirnaange/Atisbo to diiwaan Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 9ɓo. == Tuugnorgal == <references />" 177613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Olajide Olatubosun k'''o dawruyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o lomtii diiwaan Saki Fuɗnaange/Saki Hirnaange/Atisbo to diiwaan Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 9ɓo. == Tuugnorgal == <references /> p04nkj3qtq0jff2tb43usuqhzm3gg0y 177614 177613 2026-06-30T21:14:32Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Olajide Olatubosun k'''o dawruyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o lomtii diiwaan Saki Fuɗnaange/Saki Hirnaange/Atisbo to diiwaan Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 9ɓo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=InsideOyo|date=2019-02-24|title=INEC Declares APC's Olajide Olatunbosun Winner Of Atisbo, Saki East, Saki West Federal Constituency|url=https://insideoyo.com/inec-declares-apcs-olajide-olatunbosun-winner-of-atisbo-saki-east-saki-west-federal-constituency/|access-date=2024-12-31|website=InsideOyo.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Odunsi|first=Wale|date=2019-06-02|title=9th Assembly Speaker: I'll fight with my blood - APC Rep dares party over Gbajabiamila's choice|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/06/02/9th-assembly-speaker-ill-fight-blood-apc-rep-dares-party-gbajabiamilas-choice/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-31|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Omorogbe|first=Paul|date=2020-04-13|title=COVID-19: Reps member, Olatubosun gives palliatives, urges sacrifice at Easter|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/covid-19-reps-member-olatubosun-gives-palliatives-urges-sacrifice-at-easter/|access-date=2024-12-31|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 3dnykbhnu7cvi2q67jxyowfv0jr43i0 0 42882 177615 2026-06-30T21:19:53Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Abiodun Olasupo''' ko Siyaasayanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii Iseyin, Itesiwaju, Kajola e Iwajowa e nder diiwaan fedde Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo.[1][2][3] == Tuugnorgal ==" 177615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abiodun Olasupo''' ko Siyaasayanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii Iseyin, Itesiwaju, Kajola e Iwajowa e nder diiwaan fedde Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo.[1][2][3] == Tuugnorgal == 6a6j5zs73x1fzof70c19rw3ifh3bmvj 177616 177615 2026-06-30T21:22:52Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abiodun Olasupo''' ko Siyaasayanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii Iseyin, Itesiwaju, Kajola e Iwajowa e nder diiwaan fedde Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo. == Tuugnorgal == <references /> qs2hsff0yxwjlcsqf2anpahbcnjyxfe 177617 177616 2026-06-30T21:23:39Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abiodun Olasupo''' ko Siyaasayanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii Iseyin, Itesiwaju, Kajola e Iwajowa e nder diiwaan fedde Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ibadan|first=Segun Showunmi|date=2023-11-09|title=Ex-Oyo lawmaker Olasupo backs Diri's re-election bid|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ex-oyo-lawmaker-olasupo-backs-diris-re-election-bid/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-01|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Odunsi|first=Wale|date=2018-08-09|title=Why we dumped APC for ADC - Rep Olasupo|url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/08/09/dumped-apc-adc-rep-olasupo/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-01|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-08-27|title=PDP Returns Olasupo As Bayelsa State Congress Chairman|url=https://www.thechroniclernewspaper.com/pdp-returns-olasupo-as-bayelsa-state-congress-chairman/|access-date=2025-01-01|website=The Chronicler Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 4dh5r9ljn8035htpgl7iul1rcixxngw 0 42883 177618 2026-06-30T21:27:26Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Adedeji Stanley Olajide''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O wonii hannde e Wakiiliijo Fedde nde, omo lomtoo Ibadan Fuɗnaange-rewo/ Ibadan Fuɗnaange-rewo Fedde nde diiwaan Oyo e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 10ɓo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-28|title=Hon. Adedeji Stanley Olajide: A Dedicated Parliamentarian With A Commitment To Constituency Development|url=https://oyoinsight.com/hon-adedeji-stanley-olajide-a-dedicated-parliamentarian-with-a-commitment-to-constituency-devel..." 177618 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adedeji Stanley Olajide''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O wonii hannde e Wakiiliijo Fedde nde, omo lomtoo Ibadan Fuɗnaange-rewo/ Ibadan Fuɗnaange-rewo Fedde nde diiwaan Oyo e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 10ɓo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-28|title=Hon. Adedeji Stanley Olajide: A Dedicated Parliamentarian With A Commitment To Constituency Development|url=https://oyoinsight.com/hon-adedeji-stanley-olajide-a-dedicated-parliamentarian-with-a-commitment-to-constituency-development/|access-date=2024-12-31|website=Oyoinsight|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Online|first=Tribune|date=2022-04-07|title=Olajide emerges PDP's consensus candidate in Ibadan Southwest/Northwest constituency|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/olajide-emerges-pdps-consensus-candidate-in-ibadan-southwest-northwest-constituency/|access-date=2024-12-31|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-27|title=PHOTOS: Rep Odidiomo Joins Muslim Faithful In Mount Arafat For Hajj Rites|url=https://oyoinsight.com/photos-rep-odidiomo-joins-muslim-faithful-in-mount-arafat-for-hajj-rites/|access-date=2024-12-31|website=Oyoinsight|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> b96b57rrn1yhunertovkzhnosagnjwr 0 42884 177619 2026-06-30T21:30:31Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Akinola Ojo''' ko limtoowo, ardiiɗo, e siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o woni Komisinaajo ngam ceede lesdi Oyo.[1][2] == Jaangirde == Ojo janngi King's College, Lagos diga 1982 haa 1987. Nden o janngi Accounting haa jangirde mawnde Lagos, o heɓi dipolomaaji maako hakkunde 1987 e 1992. Caggal ɗum o heɓi dipolomaaji master haa janngirde ardungal e njulaagu diga duɗal London[1]. == Kugal == Ojo golliima e sosiyeteeji petroŋ e gaas jeyaaɗi e leyɗeele keewɗe.[2] == Goll..." 177619 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akinola Ojo''' ko limtoowo, ardiiɗo, e siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o woni Komisinaajo ngam ceede lesdi Oyo.[1][2] == Jaangirde == Ojo janngi King's College, Lagos diga 1982 haa 1987. Nden o janngi Accounting haa jangirde mawnde Lagos, o heɓi dipolomaaji maako hakkunde 1987 e 1992. Caggal ɗum o heɓi dipolomaaji master haa janngirde ardungal e njulaagu diga duɗal London[1]. == Kugal == Ojo golliima e sosiyeteeji petroŋ e gaas jeyaaɗi e leyɗeele keewɗe.[2] == Golle politik == E hitaande 2019, guwerneer Seyi Makinde suɓii mo ngam wonde komisinaajo, caggal ɗuum o tabitinaama e suudu sarɗiiji leydi Oyo.  O toɗɗaa ko Komiseer kaalis, o woni ko e golle ɗee gila ndeen.[3][4] == Tuugnorgal == laj2f7xq6z4fbj74bqyy21uxgpt4jl4 0 42885 177622 2026-07-01T05:17:52Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355714349|Sarah Forbes Bonetta]]" 177622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Forbes Bonetta'''{{Efn|Some sources say "Sara" instead of "Sarah".}} or '''Sally Forbes Bonetta''' (born '''Aina''' or '''Ina'''; c. 1843 – 15 August 1880){{Efn|''Aina'' is a [[Yoruba name]] that describes the fact that she was born through a [[Nuchal cord|nuchal cord complication]].}}<ref name="crown" /> was ward and goddaughter of Queen Victoria. She was believed to have been a titled member of the Yewa subgroup of the [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba people]] in West Africa who was orphaned during a war with the nearby Kingdom of Dahomey as a child, and was later enslaved by King Ghezo of Dahomey. She was given by Ghezo as a "gift" to Captain Frederick E. Forbes of the British Royal Navy and became a goddaughter of Queen Victoria. She married Captain [[Jaak Pinson Labulo Daawiis|James Pinson Labulo Davies]], a wealthy [[Lagos]] philanthropist. == Ɓiɗɗo == [[File:Sara_Forbes_Bonetta_by_Frederick_E._Forbes.jpg|left|thumb|5Lithograph of Forbes Bonetta, e dow ko Frederick E. Forbes waɗi, diga deftere maako 1851 Dahomey and the Dahomans; ɗum woni defte ɗiɗo nder kuugal haa laamiiɗo Dahomey, e jooɗorde maako nder laamorgo maako, nder hitaande 1849 e 1850''Dahomey e Dahomans; ko wonde defte nder kuugal ɗiɗo e laamiiɗo Dahomey, e jooɗorde e laamorgo maako, nder hitaande 1849 e 1850'']] Ko ɗum noddi Aina (ko Ina), o jibinaa e hitaande 1843 e [[Yewa]]_South" id="mwPg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yewa South">Oke-Odan, wuro Yewa [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] nder Afrik hirnaange, nde ɓaawo ɗum o heɓii naatnde e Laamu Oyo (laamu Naajeeriya hannde) caggal nde o saali. Laamu Dahomey ɗon nder ɗowtanaago Oyo, nden o ɗon laati diina taariika [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yimɓe Yoruba]]. Oyo e Dahomey fuɗɗi hawtore nder konu nder 1823 caggal nde Ghezo, laamiiɗo keso Dahomey, wanyii hokkude Oyo tedduŋgal ngal hitaande. Nder warugo konu, Oyo ɗon ɓeyda bee ɓeydaaki e ɓeydaago ngam Jihadji Islaam'en ɗi Sokoto Kalifaato fuɗɗi. Laamu Oyo fuɗɗiima ɓesdaade nder duuɓi 1830s, je jeɗɗi Yorubaland nder leyɗeele ɗuuɗɗe. Lamu Dahomey fuɗɗii ɓesdaaki fuunaaŋge haa lesdi Oyo, haa o jeyaaɓe e nder lesdi Yewa.<ref name="Elebute-2" /> Nder hitaande 1848, Oke-Odan ɗon nder lesdi Dahomey. Maama'en Aina maayi wakkati huccuki nden yimɓe feere maayi ko ɓe kuuwi nder gardagol maccuɓe nder Atalantika. Aina waɗi nder suudu laamiiɗo Ghezo nder Dahomey bana maccuɗo ɓikkoy. Caggal nde Britaniya jaɓii maccuɓe, Ghezo haɓɓi e ko Britaniya'en yiɗi waɗugo ngam ɓe halki jaɓugo maccuɓe to Dahomey, ngam ɗum waɗi laamu ɗon heɓugo ceede. Biografu e taariikhuɗo Afrik Martin Meredith wi'i Ghezo wi'i Britaniya'en: === Kapitan Forbes nder Dahomey === Nder lewru Yuliya 1850, Kapitan Frederick E. Forbes nder Royal Navy yotti to Afrik hirnaange nder kuugal diplomatikal Britaaniyanke, to o footiima haalde e Ghezo ngam timmina gollaaki Dahomey nder jaaynde maccuɓe. Nder booɗugo maako, Forbes yi'i kaɓɓol ngal Dahomey waɗi hitaande fuu - ko haɗi nder kuugal habaru yimɓe nder nder ɗi ɓe ɗon maɓɓina ɓe nder genaale mawɓe Dahomey. Forbes waɗi yahugo haɓɓugo e go'o e Ghezo nder nder nder kuugal, hawti e yahugo ngam halki haɓɓugo haɓɓugo. Ghezo haani hokki Forbes laawol ngam waɗugo ko haani dow woɓɓe nder ɓe ɓe njamndi. Ammaa, tafsirɓe Ghezo hollii ɗum'en, ɓe mbaawaa sakkude aada on, ngam ɓe mbaawaay teddingo yimɓe Dahomey. Nder booɗɓe ɗon woodi Aina, mo ɓe cujidani ngam hokkugo kirseteeje. Forbes hawti dow maako, o hokki Ghezo tabbitinol dow laamiiɗo Victoria naa' ngam teddingo laamiiɗo mo warata ɓiɗɗo. Ghezo hokki mo Forbes bana dokkal ngam Victoria. Forbes jaɓii, o holli nder deftere maako nde "tawi ɗum waɗi o saini "tawi o waɗii "tawi ngam o waɗii hakke, ɗum waɗi o waɗii ɗum". Ko adii ko ɓaawo mum anndaa, Forbes waɗi wi'ugo Aina o ɓaawo mum, o wi'i ko o ɓaawo maako, o wiyi o ɓaawo o ɓaawo makko, o wiwi o ɓaawo mo o ɓaawo, o wiɗiri o ɓaawo ɓaawo maako. Nder deftere maako o holli mo "go'o ɓurɓe danyugo", ɗum waɗii "ko haani dow laamiiɓe e haɓɓugo dow genaale mawɓe mawɓe". === Laamiiɗo Victoria === Kapiteen Forbes boɗɗini mo Sarah Forbes ''Bonetta'', ngam maako e mayri maako HMS Bonetta. Forbes fuɗɗam yiɗi mawnugo maako hoore maako. Ammaa, Sara ɗonno o hoodi haa o hawti bee Laamiiɗo Victoria. Victoria waɗi faamde "kaawɗol ɓernde" debbo on, o waɗi debbo on, mo o noddi Sally, o ɓeydi bana ɓiyum nder ardiiɓe leydi Ingilandi.<ref name="queen" /> nv401jl4kk375p3zpdwdktpn9fttls6 177623 177622 2026-07-01T05:18:15Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarah Forbes Bonetta'''{{Efn|Some sources say "Sara" instead of "Sarah".}} or '''Sally Forbes Bonetta''' (born '''Aina''' or '''Ina'''; c. 1843 – 15 August 1880){{Efn|''Aina'' is a [[Yoruba name]] that describes the fact that she was born through a [[Nuchal cord|nuchal cord complication]].}}<ref name="crown" /> was ward and goddaughter of Queen Victoria. She was believed to have been a titled member of the Yewa subgroup of the [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba people]] in West Africa who was orphaned during a war with the nearby Kingdom of Dahomey as a child, and was later enslaved by King Ghezo of Dahomey. She was given by Ghezo as a "gift" to Captain Frederick E. Forbes of the British Royal Navy and became a goddaughter of Queen Victoria. She married Captain [[Jaak Pinson Labulo Daawiis|James Pinson Labulo Davies]], a wealthy [[Lagos]] philanthropist. == Ɓiɗɗo == [[File:Sara_Forbes_Bonetta_by_Frederick_E._Forbes.jpg|left|thumb|5Lithograph of Forbes Bonetta, e dow ko Frederick E. Forbes waɗi, diga deftere maako 1851 Dahomey and the Dahomans; ɗum woni defte ɗiɗo nder kuugal haa laamiiɗo Dahomey, e jooɗorde maako nder laamorgo maako, nder hitaande 1849 e 1850''Dahomey e Dahomans; ko wonde defte nder kuugal ɗiɗo e laamiiɗo Dahomey, e jooɗorde e laamorgo maako, nder hitaande 1849 e 1850'']] Ko ɗum noddi Aina (ko Ina), o jibinaa e hitaande 1843 e [[Yewa]]_South" id="mwPg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yewa South">Oke-Odan, wuro Yewa [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] nder Afrik hirnaange, nde ɓaawo ɗum o heɓii naatnde e Laamu Oyo (laamu Naajeeriya hannde) caggal nde o saali. Laamu Dahomey ɗon nder ɗowtanaago Oyo, nden o ɗon laati diina taariika [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yimɓe Yoruba]]. Oyo e Dahomey fuɗɗi hawtore nder konu nder 1823 caggal nde Ghezo, laamiiɗo keso Dahomey, wanyii hokkude Oyo tedduŋgal ngal hitaande. Nder warugo konu, Oyo ɗon ɓeyda bee ɓeydaaki e ɓeydaago ngam Jihadji Islaam'en ɗi Sokoto Kalifaato fuɗɗi. Laamu Oyo fuɗɗiima ɓesdaade nder duuɓi 1830s, je jeɗɗi Yorubaland nder leyɗeele ɗuuɗɗe. Lamu Dahomey fuɗɗii ɓesdaaki fuunaaŋge haa lesdi Oyo, haa o jeyaaɓe e nder lesdi Yewa.<ref name="Elebute-2" /> Nder hitaande 1848, Oke-Odan ɗon nder lesdi Dahomey. Maama'en Aina maayi wakkati huccuki nden yimɓe feere maayi ko ɓe kuuwi nder gardagol maccuɓe nder Atalantika. Aina waɗi nder suudu laamiiɗo Ghezo nder Dahomey bana maccuɗo ɓikkoy. Caggal nde Britaniya jaɓii maccuɓe, Ghezo haɓɓi e ko Britaniya'en yiɗi waɗugo ngam ɓe halki jaɓugo maccuɓe to Dahomey, ngam ɗum waɗi laamu ɗon heɓugo ceede. Biografu e taariikhuɗo Afrik Martin Meredith wi'i Ghezo wi'i Britaniya'en: === Kapitan Forbes nder Dahomey === Nder lewru Yuliya 1850, Kapitan Frederick E. Forbes nder Royal Navy yotti to Afrik hirnaange nder kuugal diplomatikal Britaaniyanke, to o footiima haalde e Ghezo ngam timmina gollaaki Dahomey nder jaaynde maccuɓe. Nder booɗugo maako, Forbes yi'i kaɓɓol ngal Dahomey waɗi hitaande fuu - ko haɗi nder kuugal habaru yimɓe nder nder ɗi ɓe ɗon maɓɓina ɓe nder genaale mawɓe Dahomey. Forbes waɗi yahugo haɓɓugo e go'o e Ghezo nder nder nder kuugal, hawti e yahugo ngam halki haɓɓugo haɓɓugo. Ghezo haani hokki Forbes laawol ngam waɗugo ko haani dow woɓɓe nder ɓe ɓe njamndi. Ammaa, tafsirɓe Ghezo hollii ɗum'en, ɓe mbaawaa sakkude aada on, ngam ɓe mbaawaay teddingo yimɓe Dahomey. Nder booɗɓe ɗon woodi Aina, mo ɓe cujidani ngam hokkugo kirseteeje. Forbes hawti dow maako, o hokki Ghezo tabbitinol dow laamiiɗo Victoria naa' ngam teddingo laamiiɗo mo warata ɓiɗɗo. Ghezo hokki mo Forbes bana dokkal ngam Victoria. Forbes jaɓii, o holli nder deftere maako nde "tawi ɗum waɗi o saini "tawi o waɗii "tawi ngam o waɗii hakke, ɗum waɗi o waɗii ɗum". Ko adii ko ɓaawo mum anndaa, Forbes waɗi wi'ugo Aina o ɓaawo mum, o wi'i ko o ɓaawo maako, o wiyi o ɓaawo o ɓaawo makko, o wiwi o ɓaawo mo o ɓaawo, o wiɗiri o ɓaawo ɓaawo maako. Nder deftere maako o holli mo "go'o ɓurɓe danyugo", ɗum waɗii "ko haani dow laamiiɓe e haɓɓugo dow genaale mawɓe mawɓe". === Laamiiɗo Victoria === Kapiteen Forbes boɗɗini mo Sarah Forbes ''Bonetta'', ngam maako e mayri maako HMS Bonetta. Forbes fuɗɗam yiɗi mawnugo maako hoore maako. Ammaa, Sara ɗonno o hoodi haa o hawti bee Laamiiɗo Victoria. Victoria waɗi faamde "kaawɗol ɓernde" debbo on, o waɗi debbo on, mo o noddi Sally, o ɓeydi bana ɓiyum nder ardiiɓe leydi Ingilandi.<ref name="queen" /> ==firooji=== 1wms7jfirwmqfddr6ynd4uhnp0k1uqz 0 42886 177624 2026-07-01T05:19:10Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348302745|Robert Lister Bower]]" 177624 wikitext text/x-wiki Major '''Sir Robert Lister Bower''' KBE CMG KPM (12 August 1860 - 13 June 1929) wonnoo hooreejo British Army, koloniyaal e polisol, o golliima hooreejo polis ngal to North Riding of Yorkshire Constabulary gila 1898 haa maayde mum e 1929. Bower warii nder saare Yorkshire; baaba maako Robert Hartley Bower je [[Welham Hall]], Malton e inna maako debbo Sir John Lister-Kaye, 2nd Baronet je [[Denby Grange]]. Bower yahi Harrow School nder hitaande 1874 nden o waɗi nder Milici Kerry, diga ton o yahdi to Royal King's Rifle Corps nder hitaande 1881. O waɗi nder konu Anglo-Misira e o haɓɓi haa [[Tel-el-Mahuta]], Kassassin e Tel-el Kebir. O waɗi boo nder konu Mahdist 1884, o haɓɓi haa El Teb e Tamai, to o anndini nder nder nder nderji, e nder nder nder lesdi Nile nder hitaande 1884-1885, o anndini boo nder nderji ɗiɗo. Nder hitaande 1892 o waɗi e jaaynde Jebu nder Afrik hirnaange nden diga hitaande 1892 haa hitaande 1893 o laati ardiiɗo politik haa Jebu Ode. Daga 1893 haa 1897 o wonnoo British Resident to [[Ibadan]], [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]], to o jeyi e jeyi [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] warho Ogedengbe Ilesa. Ngam kuugal maɓɓe o laatiiɗo jaagorgal dow koode St Michael e St George (CMG) nder hitaande 1897. [[File:Bower’s_Tower_honours_Captain_Bower,_British_administer_of_Ibadan_between_1893_and_1897.jpg|thumb|Bower's Tower ɗon teddina Captain Bower, jooɗoowo British to Ibadan hakkunde 1893 e 1897]] Nder hitaande 1898, o laatii hooreejo polis ngal North Riding of Yorkshire. O waɗi nder kuugal ngal haa maayde maako, bee saɗugo nder 1914-1916 nde o warti to konu nder Misra bana ceytaare ceytaare amiral. O waɗii hooreejo Orde laamu British (CBE) nder nder nder nderji konu yimɓe e nder hitaande 1920 nden o waɗii hooreeɗo Knight Commander (KBE) nder nder hitaande 1925 nder nder nderje nderji. Bower maayi bana non ngam ɓernde nde nyawma ngam nyawma. == Firooji == e0enczh9am8k72723hvh8c0mswghi0c 177625 177624 2026-07-01T05:19:27Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Major '''Sir Robert Lister Bower''' KBE CMG KPM (12 August 1860 - 13 June 1929) wonnoo hooreejo British Army, koloniyaal e polisol, o golliima hooreejo polis ngal to North Riding of Yorkshire Constabulary gila 1898 haa maayde mum e 1929. Bower warii nder saare Yorkshire; baaba maako Robert Hartley Bower je [[Welham Hall]], Malton e inna maako debbo Sir John Lister-Kaye, 2nd Baronet je [[Denby Grange]]. Bower yahi Harrow School nder hitaande 1874 nden o waɗi nder Milici Kerry, diga ton o yahdi to Royal King's Rifle Corps nder hitaande 1881. O waɗi nder konu Anglo-Misira e o haɓɓi haa [[Tel-el-Mahuta]], Kassassin e Tel-el Kebir. O waɗi boo nder konu Mahdist 1884, o haɓɓi haa El Teb e Tamai, to o anndini nder nder nder nderji, e nder nder nder lesdi Nile nder hitaande 1884-1885, o anndini boo nder nderji ɗiɗo. Nder hitaande 1892 o waɗi e jaaynde Jebu nder Afrik hirnaange nden diga hitaande 1892 haa hitaande 1893 o laati ardiiɗo politik haa Jebu Ode. Daga 1893 haa 1897 o wonnoo British Resident to [[Ibadan]], [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]], to o jeyi e jeyi [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] warho Ogedengbe Ilesa. Ngam kuugal maɓɓe o laatiiɗo jaagorgal dow koode St Michael e St George (CMG) nder hitaande 1897. [[File:Bower’s_Tower_honours_Captain_Bower,_British_administer_of_Ibadan_between_1893_and_1897.jpg|thumb|Bower's Tower ɗon teddina Captain Bower, jooɗoowo British to Ibadan hakkunde 1893 e 1897]] Nder hitaande 1898, o laatii hooreejo polis ngal North Riding of Yorkshire. O waɗi nder kuugal ngal haa maayde maako, bee saɗugo nder 1914-1916 nde o warti to konu nder Misra bana ceytaare ceytaare amiral. O waɗii hooreejo Orde laamu British (CBE) nder nder nder nderji konu yimɓe e nder hitaande 1920 nden o waɗii hooreeɗo Knight Commander (KBE) nder nder hitaande 1925 nder nder nderje nderji. Bower maayi bana non ngam ɓernde nde nyawma ngam nyawma. == Firooji == fzb7cfvn58d6chn4rzspgzejx1m7lyw 0 42887 177626 2026-07-01T05:21:09Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353321720|Charles Burnett (RAF officer)]]" 177626 wikitext text/x-wiki Air Chief Marshal '''Sir Charles Stuart Burnett''', KCB, CBE, DSO (3 abriil 1882 - 9 abriil 1945) woni ardiiɗo ardiiɗo nder Royal Air Force nder fuɗɗiiji 20th century. O laati ardiiɗo dowla dowla dow Iraq fuɗɗam 1930s. Nder konu duuniyaaru ɗiɗaɓu, o waɗi hooreejo gardiiɗo lesdi lesdi lesdi Australia.  == Ɓiɗɗo == Charles Burnett jibini nder Browns Valley, Minnesota, Amerik Amerik e 3 abriil 1882. O woni ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo John Alexander Burnett e Charlotte Susan Burnett. John Burnett wari diga wuro Scottish [[Aberdeenshire]]" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kemnay, Aberdeenshire">Kemnay nder Aberdeenshire. Burnett janngini haa Bedford School nder Ingiltere. Ɓiɗɗo maako ɓurɗo ɓiyde ɗum Robert Burnett, mo ɓaawo ɗon o laatii ardiiɗo e o ɓeydi haa o ardii haa o ardi haa o wardi amiral. == Fuɗɗam golle == Nder hitaande 1899, Burnett jaɓɓii bana go'o nder Yeomanry Imperial ngam haɓugo nder konu Boer ɗiɗaɓo. Burnett wi'i o woodi duuɓi 18, nden o woodi duuɓi 17 tan. O dilli nder hitaande 1901 ngam o heɓan golle e o wondi laftinaande ɗiɗaɓo nder Highland Light Infantry nder lewru oktoobar 1901. Burnett ɗonno o ɗon hawta bee Yeomanry Imperial,<ref name="air_of_auth" /> to o ɗon jogii darnde lieutenant nder 38th battalion diga 26 abriil 1902 haa 7 fuɗɗii 1903. O dilli Afrik worgo ngam wuro maako e wuro SS Avondale Castle bee yimɓe goɗɗi nder battaliyon nder lewru Desemba 1902, e o warti to regiment maako nder lewru Feebari 1903. Ha 20 Ogos 1904, Burnett waɗi nder gardagol Afrik hirnaange. Nder duuɓi jowi je'eteeɗi Burnett yi'i kuugal nder lesdi Naajeeriya, o heɓii nyawgal ndiyam ɓerɗe, o ɓeydi haa o jeyaa haa o jeya haa o jeyi haa o jeyii nder nder nder nderɗe. Burnett jaɓɓini golle mum nder lewru Septeemburu 1909 nden o fuɗɗii golle no o jokki e nder suudu nder lesdi Guinea Portugaal. O heɓii ko heewde heɓaande e nder golle makko e nder hitaande 1911 o waɗi golle e nder jaaynde diplomatiiki leydi Ingilande nde o wonnoo jaaynde to [[Ilorin]], Nigeria.<ref name="ADB" /> == konu duuniyaaru arande == Nde konu fuɗɗii nder 1914, Burnett warti nder konu British. Caggal nde o heɓii ko o pilotu nder lewru Noofambar 1914, o waɗii ko o laatii laftinaande 4 lewru Desemba 1914. Burnett waree Sybil Pack-Beresford balɗe joweego tan gaɗa o ardii warugo haa o ardii dow dow dow dow hooreejo Royal Flying Corps, ɗum waɗi o ɓeydiima haa o ardi hooreejo dow dow dow. E lewru Mee 1915, Burnett waɗi hooreejo dowla dowla No. 17 Squadron, to o fuɗɗi fuɗnaade BE2c diga Fort Grange, Gosport e Misra.<ref name="air_of_auth" /> O laati hooreejo hooreejo dow 1 Oktoobar 1916. E 2 abriil 1916, Burnett waɗi hooreejo majje e laamiiɗo ardiiɗo dowla dowla 36 Squadron, ɗum waɗi nder Cramlington. Nder lewru Oktoobar hitaande go'o Burnett neldi to Winndere hirnaange bana gardiiɗo dowla 12 Squadron. Nder nder nder nder nder mawɗo nder nder nder lesdi, o ɗon wi'a Burnett nder nder nder kuugal maako. E nder nder nder nder 8 oktoobar 1917, Burnett waɗi hooreejo dowla dowla dowlaaji ɗiɗawre dowla dowle dowla dowlo dowla dowli dowla dowlu dowla dowol dowla dowlay fuɗna dowla dowl dowla dowlawle dowla fuɗna fuɗna. Caggal darnde makko to laamu leydi Ingiliiz to konu Urusaliima nder lewru Desemba 1917, Burnett heɓii jaaynde mawnde. O heɓii kadi koode Misra ɗe Nile, Fedde tataɓre, e nder 1919 King's Birthday Honours o waɗii koode Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) ngam anndude kuugal maako nder konu nder Misra. == Fedde hakkunde konu == Ha nde konu timmi, Burnett waɗi darnde to Royal Air Force (RAF) ɓoyma haɓɓuki, duuɓi goɗɗi nder golle maako booji ɗon hawti e waylaago dow dowji ɗuuɗɗi. E hitaande 1919, Burnett waɗi haa darnde Brigadier general haa wakkatiire e mo darnde (sare wakkatiire) o laatii ardiiɗo gardiiɗo gardagol pallastina. Ɓaawo nde hitaande, o jaɓi jaɓugo darnde permanent nder RAF e darnde hooreejo fannu. Nder lewru abriil 1920, Burnett hokki hooreejo dowla Mesopotamian Wing RAF nden nde ɗum ɓeydi haa ɗum ɓeyda haa ɗum ɓooyi, o huuwi bana sardaaku dowla haa dowla dowla dowlowol. Daga febaraar haa Oktoobar 1921, Burnett waɗi ko ɓuri ɗuuɗal, fuɗɗam e HQ Middle East Area nden to No. 7 Group to o wurtini haa o wurtina nder suudu maako. Nder wakkati maajum Burnett waɗi hooreejo kawtal, koo nde wakkati feere o ɗon nder nder nder nder listol feccere. Burnett waɗi hooreejo dowla dowla 29 nder lewru Oktoobar 1921 amma ɗum ɗum ɗum ɗum je ɗon ɓooyma. Nder lewru abriil 1922, Burnett waɗi hooreejo dowla dowla dowle RAF Leuchars, ɗum woni dowla jaŋde nder wakkatiire nden. Ɗon boo Burnett waɗi wakkati seɗɗa nder kuugal. Nder lewru Desemba 1922, o laati supernumerary kadin, wakkati oon e RAF Depot. Gila 1923 haa fuɗɗam 1927, Burnett waɗi darnde darnde darinoowo jaayndeeji e jaayndeeje e nder jaayndeere fuɗɗorde fuɗnaange fuɗnaande fuɗnaango fuɗnaangu fuɗnaanu fuɗnaandu fuɗnaangol fuɗnaangal fuɗnaanga fuɗnaandaaru fuɗnaandhe fuɗnaandi fuɗnaangi fuɗnaangul fuɗnaannu fuɗnaaŋge fuɗnaŋge fuɗnannde fuɗnaanje fuɗnaangel fuɗnaagal fuɗnaŋŋe fuɗnaawɗe fuɗnaawngal fuɗnaabal fuɗnaŋgaaru fuɗnante fuɗnaannde fuɗnande fuɗnandu fuɗnendu fuɗnaannaande fuɗnaaŋge fuɗɗunde fuɗnaare fuɗnaambo fuɗnaangwa fuɗna.<ref name="air_of_auth" /> O waɗiiɗo Companion of the Bath (CB) nder hitaande kese 1927. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nsd3oiksaorshmtdqm0k8ejqfhhjwnd 177627 177626 2026-07-01T05:21:36Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databoox}} Air Chief Marshal '''Sir Charles Stuart Burnett''', KCB, CBE, DSO (3 abriil 1882 - 9 abriil 1945) woni ardiiɗo ardiiɗo nder Royal Air Force nder fuɗɗiiji 20th century. O laati ardiiɗo dowla dowla dow Iraq fuɗɗam 1930s. Nder konu duuniyaaru ɗiɗaɓu, o waɗi hooreejo gardiiɗo lesdi lesdi lesdi Australia.  == Ɓiɗɗo == Charles Burnett jibini nder Browns Valley, Minnesota, Amerik Amerik e 3 abriil 1882. O woni ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo John Alexander Burnett e Charlotte Susan Burnett. John Burnett wari diga wuro Scottish [[Aberdeenshire]]" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kemnay, Aberdeenshire">Kemnay nder Aberdeenshire. Burnett janngini haa Bedford School nder Ingiltere. Ɓiɗɗo maako ɓurɗo ɓiyde ɗum Robert Burnett, mo ɓaawo ɗon o laatii ardiiɗo e o ɓeydi haa o ardii haa o ardi haa o wardi amiral. == Fuɗɗam golle == Nder hitaande 1899, Burnett jaɓɓii bana go'o nder Yeomanry Imperial ngam haɓugo nder konu Boer ɗiɗaɓo. Burnett wi'i o woodi duuɓi 18, nden o woodi duuɓi 17 tan. O dilli nder hitaande 1901 ngam o heɓan golle e o wondi laftinaande ɗiɗaɓo nder Highland Light Infantry nder lewru oktoobar 1901. Burnett ɗonno o ɗon hawta bee Yeomanry Imperial,<ref name="air_of_auth" /> to o ɗon jogii darnde lieutenant nder 38th battalion diga 26 abriil 1902 haa 7 fuɗɗii 1903. O dilli Afrik worgo ngam wuro maako e wuro SS Avondale Castle bee yimɓe goɗɗi nder battaliyon nder lewru Desemba 1902, e o warti to regiment maako nder lewru Feebari 1903. Ha 20 Ogos 1904, Burnett waɗi nder gardagol Afrik hirnaange. Nder duuɓi jowi je'eteeɗi Burnett yi'i kuugal nder lesdi Naajeeriya, o heɓii nyawgal ndiyam ɓerɗe, o ɓeydi haa o jeyaa haa o jeya haa o jeyi haa o jeyii nder nder nder nderɗe. Burnett jaɓɓini golle mum nder lewru Septeemburu 1909 nden o fuɗɗii golle no o jokki e nder suudu nder lesdi Guinea Portugaal. O heɓii ko heewde heɓaande e nder golle makko e nder hitaande 1911 o waɗi golle e nder jaaynde diplomatiiki leydi Ingilande nde o wonnoo jaaynde to [[Ilorin]], Nigeria.<ref name="ADB" /> == konu duuniyaaru arande == Nde konu fuɗɗii nder 1914, Burnett warti nder konu British. Caggal nde o heɓii ko o pilotu nder lewru Noofambar 1914, o waɗii ko o laatii laftinaande 4 lewru Desemba 1914. Burnett waree Sybil Pack-Beresford balɗe joweego tan gaɗa o ardii warugo haa o ardii dow dow dow dow hooreejo Royal Flying Corps, ɗum waɗi o ɓeydiima haa o ardi hooreejo dow dow dow. E lewru Mee 1915, Burnett waɗi hooreejo dowla dowla No. 17 Squadron, to o fuɗɗi fuɗnaade BE2c diga Fort Grange, Gosport e Misra.<ref name="air_of_auth" /> O laati hooreejo hooreejo dow 1 Oktoobar 1916. E 2 abriil 1916, Burnett waɗi hooreejo majje e laamiiɗo ardiiɗo dowla dowla 36 Squadron, ɗum waɗi nder Cramlington. Nder lewru Oktoobar hitaande go'o Burnett neldi to Winndere hirnaange bana gardiiɗo dowla 12 Squadron. Nder nder nder nder nder mawɗo nder nder nder lesdi, o ɗon wi'a Burnett nder nder nder kuugal maako. E nder nder nder nder 8 oktoobar 1917, Burnett waɗi hooreejo dowla dowla dowlaaji ɗiɗawre dowla dowle dowla dowlo dowla dowli dowla dowlu dowla dowol dowla dowlay fuɗna dowla dowl dowla dowlawle dowla fuɗna fuɗna. Caggal darnde makko to laamu leydi Ingiliiz to konu Urusaliima nder lewru Desemba 1917, Burnett heɓii jaaynde mawnde. O heɓii kadi koode Misra ɗe Nile, Fedde tataɓre, e nder 1919 King's Birthday Honours o waɗii koode Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) ngam anndude kuugal maako nder konu nder Misra. == Fedde hakkunde konu == Ha nde konu timmi, Burnett waɗi darnde to Royal Air Force (RAF) ɓoyma haɓɓuki, duuɓi goɗɗi nder golle maako booji ɗon hawti e waylaago dow dowji ɗuuɗɗi. E hitaande 1919, Burnett waɗi haa darnde Brigadier general haa wakkatiire e mo darnde (sare wakkatiire) o laatii ardiiɗo gardiiɗo gardagol pallastina. Ɓaawo nde hitaande, o jaɓi jaɓugo darnde permanent nder RAF e darnde hooreejo fannu. Nder lewru abriil 1920, Burnett hokki hooreejo dowla Mesopotamian Wing RAF nden nde ɗum ɓeydi haa ɗum ɓeyda haa ɗum ɓooyi, o huuwi bana sardaaku dowla haa dowla dowla dowlowol. Daga febaraar haa Oktoobar 1921, Burnett waɗi ko ɓuri ɗuuɗal, fuɗɗam e HQ Middle East Area nden to No. 7 Group to o wurtini haa o wurtina nder suudu maako. Nder wakkati maajum Burnett waɗi hooreejo kawtal, koo nde wakkati feere o ɗon nder nder nder nder listol feccere. Burnett waɗi hooreejo dowla dowla 29 nder lewru Oktoobar 1921 amma ɗum ɗum ɗum ɗum je ɗon ɓooyma. Nder lewru abriil 1922, Burnett waɗi hooreejo dowla dowla dowle RAF Leuchars, ɗum woni dowla jaŋde nder wakkatiire nden. Ɗon boo Burnett waɗi wakkati seɗɗa nder kuugal. Nder lewru Desemba 1922, o laati supernumerary kadin, wakkati oon e RAF Depot. Gila 1923 haa fuɗɗam 1927, Burnett waɗi darnde darnde darinoowo jaayndeeji e jaayndeeje e nder jaayndeere fuɗɗorde fuɗnaange fuɗnaande fuɗnaango fuɗnaangu fuɗnaanu fuɗnaandu fuɗnaangol fuɗnaangal fuɗnaanga fuɗnaandaaru fuɗnaandhe fuɗnaandi fuɗnaangi fuɗnaangul fuɗnaannu fuɗnaaŋge fuɗnaŋge fuɗnannde fuɗnaanje fuɗnaangel fuɗnaagal fuɗnaŋŋe fuɗnaawɗe fuɗnaawngal fuɗnaabal fuɗnaŋgaaru fuɗnante fuɗnaannde fuɗnande fuɗnandu fuɗnendu fuɗnaannaande fuɗnaaŋge fuɗɗunde fuɗnaare fuɗnaambo fuɗnaangwa fuɗna.<ref name="air_of_auth" /> O waɗiiɗo Companion of the Bath (CB) nder hitaande kese 1927. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ==manazarta== 3re9jghm3wqdcq072te1rjm5i8vh0bf 0 42888 177628 2026-07-01T05:22:28Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351984776|Benjamin Campbell (consular agent)]]" 177628 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Campbell''' (1802? - 1859) wonnoo jaayndeere Britaniyankeere mo o golli konsuulaare arandeejo leydi Lagos. Campbell fuɗɗii jooɗorde e nder leydi Sierra Leone e nder maayo Nunez, nder lesdi [[Gine|Guinea]]. Nder ɗon o jeyaa nder Council Colonial of His Majesty of Sierra Leone, nden o heɓi laamol "Honorable". Nder hitaande 1841 ɓe tawi kubaruuji dow ''Segunda Rosario'', komiwal ngal huwti nder jaaynde maccuɓe, ɗum waɗi ha suudu do Havana. Ɗuum waɗi ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon hawta bee Campbell nder kuugal maccuɓe. Nde Campbell ɓaawo ɗon ɓe ɗaɓɓiti, o wi'i o ɗon mari kuuɗe bee [[Niara Bely]] (Isabela Lightbourn) duuɓi sappo e jeego, ammaa tan ngam kuuje ɗe mari laatiije bana ivory, ɓalli, coke, wurru e kawre. Ko adii nde o hawti e jaaynde maccuɓe, Campbell jaɓi ko o hawti, o wiyi o heɓii hakkeeji ɓaawo halki jaŋde mum dow maayo Nunez, ngam o haɓɓi e jaayndi maccuɓe. : 21 : 21  O laɓɓini konsuulaare Lagos haa 21 lewru Yuli 1853 o waɗi nder kuugal ngal haa o maayi haa 17 abriil 1859. == Firooji == hechujqipiigr94a663h8y45mhyktrp 177629 177628 2026-07-01T05:22:45Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benjamin Campbell''' (1802? - 1859) wonnoo jaayndeere Britaniyankeere mo o golli konsuulaare arandeejo leydi Lagos. Campbell fuɗɗii jooɗorde e nder leydi Sierra Leone e nder maayo Nunez, nder lesdi [[Gine|Guinea]]. Nder ɗon o jeyaa nder Council Colonial of His Majesty of Sierra Leone, nden o heɓi laamol "Honorable". Nder hitaande 1841 ɓe tawi kubaruuji dow ''Segunda Rosario'', komiwal ngal huwti nder jaaynde maccuɓe, ɗum waɗi ha suudu do Havana. Ɗuum waɗi ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon hawta bee Campbell nder kuugal maccuɓe. Nde Campbell ɓaawo ɗon ɓe ɗaɓɓiti, o wi'i o ɗon mari kuuɗe bee [[Niara Bely]] (Isabela Lightbourn) duuɓi sappo e jeego, ammaa tan ngam kuuje ɗe mari laatiije bana ivory, ɓalli, coke, wurru e kawre. Ko adii nde o hawti e jaaynde maccuɓe, Campbell jaɓi ko o hawti, o wiyi o heɓii hakkeeji ɓaawo halki jaŋde mum dow maayo Nunez, ngam o haɓɓi e jaayndi maccuɓe. : 21 : 21  O laɓɓini konsuulaare Lagos haa 21 lewru Yuli 1853 o waɗi nder kuugal ngal haa o maayi haa 17 abriil 1859. == Firooji == 6gtld5xbwqr2g0769plpacvghg9z3mc 0 42889 177630 2026-07-01T05:24:04Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347091390|Geoffrey Colby]]" 177630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Geoffrey Francis Taylor Colby''' KCMG (25 mars 1901 - 22 lewru Desemba 1958) wonnoo jaagorɗo leydi Biritinaajo mo woni gomnati lesdi Nyasaland hakkunde 1948 e 1956. O haɓɓi mo mo footi e dow tagida fedde Rhodesia e Nyasaland. == Ɓiɗɗo e janngirde == Colby jibini 25 Maars 1901, ɓiɗɗo doktoor, o mawnini Woking Surrey, Ingilandi. O yahi nder St Wilfred's, jaangool jaangool, nder Bexhill-on-Sea hakkunde duuɓi jeeɗiɗi e sappo e tati, e nder hitaande 1914 o yahi Charterhouse, jaangowol ngol jannginiri ko'e ardiije, kuugal ummaatoore e jokkude hoore mum e nder haala ɓaleeɓe. O wonnoo mo jogiiɗo ɓaleere, o jogii cricket (e nder 1st XI) e football ngam jaŋde.{{Sfn|Baker|1993}} Colby haani yiɗde cricket nder yonki maako fuu. Ɗum wi'i nde nde gomnaaku Nyasaland o wurtini kawtal hooreejo mum ngam waktuuji feccere ngam o nanngina ko'e mum ngam ɓe nanngina ɗum.{{Sfn|Mangan|1992}} Colby heɓii jaŋde jaŋde Clare College to University of Cambridge, bana non boo o heɓii jaɓɓorgal daga Charterhouse, to o janngini Natural Sciences (Chemistry) diga 1919, o heɓii darnde tati nder 1922.{{Sfn|Baker|1993}} O jogii poker e tennis e o mari moto Norton mo o huutoroo nder yahugo London. O anndunoo kadi e nder jaŋde e nder jaangirde caggal saa'iji e dow wallol, ɗum woni ko o yi'i e jannginoowo e mo jaŋde Alpine wonde ko ɗum ɓeydaaki e haɗaaɗo.{{Sfn|Baker|1994}} == Fuɗɗam golle == Caggal nde o wurtini jaŋde, Colby waɗi hitaande go'o bana jannginoowo jaŋde nder jaŋde maako, nden hitaande go'oto o huuwi nder suudu jaŋde e Galashiels. O waɗi ñaamde ngam heɓugo darnde nder suudu koloniya, nden o wurtinaama nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1925.{{Sfn|Baker|1993}} Nder lesdi Naijeriya o ardiiɗo diiwaan nder lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi man, o heɓii ceede £500, o heɓi ceede £60 ngam kuuje mari mari mari mari. Kuugal maako hawti e yahugo ko'e nayi haa lesdi fuɗnaare ngam yahugo jaɓugo ceede, kiita e kuuɗe ummaatoore. Fuu e nder wakkati oon, o ɗon mari ɓernde booɗnde, ngam o ɗon nyaama nyaamdu laaɓtuɗo.{{Sfn|Baker|1994}} Nde o ɗon nder leydi Angalteer nder 1930, Colby anndini Lilian Florence Illingworth, o ɗon duuɓi 25. Ɓe njaɓi alkawal, ɓe kawti e 17 lewru 1 1931. O waawataa jaɓɓugo debbo maako bee maako haa lesdi Naijeriya, ngam darnde maako hokki mo debbo, nden o waɗi hitaande haa o heɓii nokkuure moƴƴo nder suudu leydi e nder suudu [[Kaduna]], to Lilian hawti bee maako.{{Sfn|Baker|1994}} Colby waɗi nder Kontagora nder 1935 bana mawɗo gariiri, nokku ɗo ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa. O laati mooftaako mo semmbe e huwtoreeɗo, o ɓeydi laawol e ɓeydaago nyaamdu leɗɗe. {{Sfn|Baker|1994}} Nder hitaande 1939 o laati ardiiɗo mawɗo nder jaaynde Finance nder jaayndi [[Lagos]]. O ɓeydiima e nder nder nder nder ko'e maako ngam o waɗeteeɗo Seekeral Administaaɗo nder hitaande 1945, nder kuugal ngal o waɗi hooreejo Seekeral e mawɗo hooreejo laamu. {{Sfn|Baker|1993}} Ɗuum darnde waɗi mo ngam gomnaaru, Sir Arthur Richards, e ɗum holli ɓeydaaki dow hooreeɓe dow mawɓe mawɓe koloniyaji feere.{{Sfn|Baker|1994}} E hitaande 1947 o heɓi CMG nder List hono hono hono honooɓe. O waɗi hooreejo hooreejo hooreeɓe duuɓi ɗiɗi ɓaawo. == Goobnaaru Nyasaland == Colby was appointed Governor of Nyasaland by Secretary of State Arthur Creech Jones, arriving there on 7 January 1948. This was a Class III Governorship under the Governors' Pension Act and so somewhat disappointing. It carried a salary of £2,500 per annum with a £500 duty allowance .{{Sfn|Baker|1994}} He inherited an awkward problem of land allocation. The BCA Company owned large areas of land, some densely populated, that could not be developed without evicting the tenants. Other estates were underdeveloped, while there was a shortage of land for the Africans. A Land Planning Committee recommended that the government acquire some of this land for use by Africans.{{Sfn|Baker|1993}} In November 1948, at Colby's recommendation, the composition of the Legislative Council was changed to include two African and one Asian "unofficials" and three officials.{{Sfn|Murphy|2005}} Colby ɗon walli fursatuuji jaaynde ɓurɗi ngam afriknaaɓe, amma semmbe maako ɗon mari halleende. O haɓɓi e jaajol, bana ko ardiiɓe ɓeen yiɗi, o jaɓii duuɓi ngam jaajol. Ɗi ɗiɗawɗi ɗon waɗa ɓikkoy kaɗol, ɓe ɗon ɓeyda jannde haa ɓe ɓeyda. {{Sfn|Chikwekwere Lamba|2010}} Colby jaɓi darnde hooreejo jaɓooɓe Nyasaland Boy Scouts, nden debbo maako laati hooreejo jaɓɓooɓe rewɓe, hokki goɗɗe goɗɗe ɗe ɓeydude.{{Sfn|Chikwekwere Lamba|2010}} [[File:Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland.png|thumb|Federation of Rhodesia e Nyasaland]] Colby hawti e tagida fedde Rhodesia e Nyasaland dow yiɗde ardiiɓe Afrik bano James Frederick Sangala.{{Sfn|Ross|2009}} O hokki habaru to Ofisa Koloniya ngam yaajugo Nyasaland diga federeere nde ɓe ɗon yiɗi, amma ɓe tokkaayi habaru maako. Laamu Conservative ɓeydi e dabareeji, o waɗi anniya nder jaaynde 1953 nde fedde fuɗɗitoto nder lewru August 1953.{{Sfn|Ross|2009}} Nde fedde fuɗɗii wonde ko haani e nder ɓaawo nde yimɓe Afrik sappo e go'o maayi e ɗuuɗɓe ɓe mbari. Wakkati feere, semmbe maare nder Kongre Afrika Nyasaland ɗon ɓeyda. {{Sfn|Baker|2006}} Nder binndi to mo laatiiɗo maako, Robert Armitage, Colby wi'i: "Mi hokki yam habaru dow hawtuki Nyasaland naa ngam mi haɓɓi bee miijo feddeere, ammaa ngam mi ɗon hoola dow walaa yiɗugo ngam en koo faamuji dow caɗeele meeɗen nder Salisbury. Mi ɗon huli mi wi'a ɗum danyani nder kuuɗe. Mi ɗon yi'aay feddeere waawaa heɓugo haa hay so tawii hay so taƴuki ɓernde fuɗɗii nder Salisbury - haa jooni mi yi'a walaa daliila ɗum".{{Sfn|Ross|2009}} pyeof5q7q5cihtsh9f40yc3cwzo41a4 177631 177630 2026-07-01T05:24:32Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Geoffrey Francis Taylor Colby''' KCMG (25 mars 1901 - 22 lewru Desemba 1958) wonnoo jaagorɗo leydi Biritinaajo mo woni gomnati lesdi Nyasaland hakkunde 1948 e 1956. O haɓɓi mo mo footi e dow tagida fedde Rhodesia e Nyasaland. == Ɓiɗɗo e janngirde == Colby jibini 25 Maars 1901, ɓiɗɗo doktoor, o mawnini Woking Surrey, Ingilandi. O yahi nder St Wilfred's, jaangool jaangool, nder Bexhill-on-Sea hakkunde duuɓi jeeɗiɗi e sappo e tati, e nder hitaande 1914 o yahi Charterhouse, jaangowol ngol jannginiri ko'e ardiije, kuugal ummaatoore e jokkude hoore mum e nder haala ɓaleeɓe. O wonnoo mo jogiiɗo ɓaleere, o jogii cricket (e nder 1st XI) e football ngam jaŋde.{{Sfn|Baker|1993}} Colby haani yiɗde cricket nder yonki maako fuu. Ɗum wi'i nde nde gomnaaku Nyasaland o wurtini kawtal hooreejo mum ngam waktuuji feccere ngam o nanngina ko'e mum ngam ɓe nanngina ɗum.{{Sfn|Mangan|1992}} Colby heɓii jaŋde jaŋde Clare College to University of Cambridge, bana non boo o heɓii jaɓɓorgal daga Charterhouse, to o janngini Natural Sciences (Chemistry) diga 1919, o heɓii darnde tati nder 1922.{{Sfn|Baker|1993}} O jogii poker e tennis e o mari moto Norton mo o huutoroo nder yahugo London. O anndunoo kadi e nder jaŋde e nder jaangirde caggal saa'iji e dow wallol, ɗum woni ko o yi'i e jannginoowo e mo jaŋde Alpine wonde ko ɗum ɓeydaaki e haɗaaɗo.{{Sfn|Baker|1994}} == Fuɗɗam golle == Caggal nde o wurtini jaŋde, Colby waɗi hitaande go'o bana jannginoowo jaŋde nder jaŋde maako, nden hitaande go'oto o huuwi nder suudu jaŋde e Galashiels. O waɗi ñaamde ngam heɓugo darnde nder suudu koloniya, nden o wurtinaama nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1925.{{Sfn|Baker|1993}} Nder lesdi Naijeriya o ardiiɗo diiwaan nder lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi man, o heɓii ceede £500, o heɓi ceede £60 ngam kuuje mari mari mari mari. Kuugal maako hawti e yahugo ko'e nayi haa lesdi fuɗnaare ngam yahugo jaɓugo ceede, kiita e kuuɗe ummaatoore. Fuu e nder wakkati oon, o ɗon mari ɓernde booɗnde, ngam o ɗon nyaama nyaamdu laaɓtuɗo.{{Sfn|Baker|1994}} Nde o ɗon nder leydi Angalteer nder 1930, Colby anndini Lilian Florence Illingworth, o ɗon duuɓi 25. Ɓe njaɓi alkawal, ɓe kawti e 17 lewru 1 1931. O waawataa jaɓɓugo debbo maako bee maako haa lesdi Naijeriya, ngam darnde maako hokki mo debbo, nden o waɗi hitaande haa o heɓii nokkuure moƴƴo nder suudu leydi e nder suudu [[Kaduna]], to Lilian hawti bee maako.{{Sfn|Baker|1994}} Colby waɗi nder Kontagora nder 1935 bana mawɗo gariiri, nokku ɗo ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa. O laati mooftaako mo semmbe e huwtoreeɗo, o ɓeydi laawol e ɓeydaago nyaamdu leɗɗe. {{Sfn|Baker|1994}} Nder hitaande 1939 o laati ardiiɗo mawɗo nder jaaynde Finance nder jaayndi [[Lagos]]. O ɓeydiima e nder nder nder nder ko'e maako ngam o waɗeteeɗo Seekeral Administaaɗo nder hitaande 1945, nder kuugal ngal o waɗi hooreejo Seekeral e mawɗo hooreejo laamu. {{Sfn|Baker|1993}} Ɗuum darnde waɗi mo ngam gomnaaru, Sir Arthur Richards, e ɗum holli ɓeydaaki dow hooreeɓe dow mawɓe mawɓe koloniyaji feere.{{Sfn|Baker|1994}} E hitaande 1947 o heɓi CMG nder List hono hono hono honooɓe. O waɗi hooreejo hooreejo hooreeɓe duuɓi ɗiɗi ɓaawo. == Goobnaaru Nyasaland == Colby was appointed Governor of Nyasaland by Secretary of State Arthur Creech Jones, arriving there on 7 January 1948. This was a Class III Governorship under the Governors' Pension Act and so somewhat disappointing. It carried a salary of £2,500 per annum with a £500 duty allowance .{{Sfn|Baker|1994}} He inherited an awkward problem of land allocation. The BCA Company owned large areas of land, some densely populated, that could not be developed without evicting the tenants. Other estates were underdeveloped, while there was a shortage of land for the Africans. A Land Planning Committee recommended that the government acquire some of this land for use by Africans.{{Sfn|Baker|1993}} In November 1948, at Colby's recommendation, the composition of the Legislative Council was changed to include two African and one Asian "unofficials" and three officials.{{Sfn|Murphy|2005}} Colby ɗon walli fursatuuji jaaynde ɓurɗi ngam afriknaaɓe, amma semmbe maako ɗon mari halleende. O haɓɓi e jaajol, bana ko ardiiɓe ɓeen yiɗi, o jaɓii duuɓi ngam jaajol. Ɗi ɗiɗawɗi ɗon waɗa ɓikkoy kaɗol, ɓe ɗon ɓeyda jannde haa ɓe ɓeyda. {{Sfn|Chikwekwere Lamba|2010}} Colby jaɓi darnde hooreejo jaɓooɓe Nyasaland Boy Scouts, nden debbo maako laati hooreejo jaɓɓooɓe rewɓe, hokki goɗɗe goɗɗe ɗe ɓeydude.{{Sfn|Chikwekwere Lamba|2010}} [[File:Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland.png|thumb|Federation of Rhodesia e Nyasaland]] Colby hawti e tagida fedde Rhodesia e Nyasaland dow yiɗde ardiiɓe Afrik bano James Frederick Sangala.{{Sfn|Ross|2009}} O hokki habaru to Ofisa Koloniya ngam yaajugo Nyasaland diga federeere nde ɓe ɗon yiɗi, amma ɓe tokkaayi habaru maako. Laamu Conservative ɓeydi e dabareeji, o waɗi anniya nder jaaynde 1953 nde fedde fuɗɗitoto nder lewru August 1953.{{Sfn|Ross|2009}} Nde fedde fuɗɗii wonde ko haani e nder ɓaawo nde yimɓe Afrik sappo e go'o maayi e ɗuuɗɓe ɓe mbari. Wakkati feere, semmbe maare nder Kongre Afrika Nyasaland ɗon ɓeyda. {{Sfn|Baker|2006}} Nder binndi to mo laatiiɗo maako, Robert Armitage, Colby wi'i: "Mi hokki yam habaru dow hawtuki Nyasaland naa ngam mi haɓɓi bee miijo feddeere, ammaa ngam mi ɗon hoola dow walaa yiɗugo ngam en koo faamuji dow caɗeele meeɗen nder Salisbury. Mi ɗon huli mi wi'a ɗum danyani nder kuuɗe. Mi ɗon yi'aay feddeere waawaa heɓugo haa hay so tawii hay so taƴuki ɓernde fuɗɗii nder Salisbury - haa jooni mi yi'a walaa daliila ɗum".{{Sfn|Ross|2009}} ==firooji== s2ixvo48beqf9tpksuk0y44zrbehadt 0 42890 177632 2026-07-01T05:26:05Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350404593|Jean-Marie Coquard]]" 177632 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Marie Coquard''', SMA (27 Noofambar 1859 - 27 Juun 1933) wonnoo moolinoowo Farayse mo'owo mo'owol mo'ool mo'oolii Abeokuta, Nigeria, je laamorgo lesdi Ogun, ngam hokkude mo'o'o'e e hakkilantaaku. O laati ardiiɗo e boowo nder Abeokuta missioner e doktoor to laamu Egba e saare laamiiɗo. O waɗi suudu ndun haɓɓaaɗo ɓernde nder Abeokuta, o woni misiyonar ɓurɗo yahugo nder kawtal misiyonarɓe Afrik, o heɓi OBE ngam kuuɗe maako.<ref name="Hogan" /> == Ɓeynguure e saare == Jean-Marie Coquard jibini ha 27 lewru Noofambar 1859, nder Diocese of Nantes, Farayse nder saare katoolikɓe mawɓe. Coquard ko ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo e ɓiɗɗo tan Marie Louise e Francois-Marie Coquard, mo labbinoowo e mboowoowo. Ɓaawo duuɓi goɗɗi ɓaawo danygol maako, saare Coquard ɓe njahi wuro Fontainebras. Ammaa Coquard ɓeydi ɓeydi e jannde maako nder wuro Mesquer, to o yahdi nder suudu jaŋde Brothers of Christian Instruction. Nden, e duuɓi sappo e nayi, Coquard jaɓɓii nder gardagol ndiyam, to o ɓeydi yiɗi maayo e yiɗde yahugo.<ref name="Hogan" /> == Kuugal == To o woodi duuɓi 24, nder nder Montevideo bee mariniyaaji mariniyaaɓe, Coquard hawti bee Misiyonnaaɓe Ɓernde Ceniiɗo nder Betharram, bandiraaɓe Misiyonnaaji Kiristan'en ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa jaŋde. Ngam ɓernde maako nder yahugo limanjo e miijo mo warugo misiyoner, Coquard fuɗɗi jaango nder Montevideo nder duuɓi nayi ɓaawo ɗon. Ammaa nder 1886, Coquard anndini ɓe njaɓaayi mo ngam o laɓɓina hooreejo diina nder suudu mawɗo nder ɓernde. Coquard jaɓii jaɓugo ɓernde masin bana ko Allah wi'i mo yahugo nder lesdi Afrika. O waɗi ñaawde nden o jaɓaama nder Fedde Misiyonuuji Afrik. E hitaande 1890, Coquard jaati to Afrik hirnaange. Coquard waɗi ardiiɗo diina nder 1880. O dilli Europe nder lewru Noofambar hitaande nden fu, ɓaawo kuugal dilliwol ngal kardinaal ardiiɗo ardiiɗo Lyon wari. Arbishop on teddini missionaries sappo ɓe ɗon njahi Afrik bee ɓesngu maɓɓe. Nde ɓe njotti Lagos caggal balɗe noogas e jowi nder maayo, Coquard hawti e sukaaɓe sukaaɓe nder suudu janngirde e ɓe ɗon mawnina ngam barkiɗol. O winndi nder deftere to Rev. Baaba Planque, hooreejo mawɗo mishi'en Afriknaaɓe nder Lyon, "ɗum waawaa baylitugo seyo yimɓe ma'en kirseteeɓe". Nde Coquard wari Abeokuta nder 1890, o waɗi mo haɓɓugo kuugal jawdi nder suudu jaajol misiyonji nder jaango Fr. Justin François. Balɗe nayi ɓaawo coquard wari, o acci hooreejo misiyon nder wakkati François ɗon yahu. Ko tawii ko o waɗnoo ko e nder weekuuji jowi, Coquard o janngini hoore maako. Ko o heɓii hay janngirde laaɓal ngal, o hollii yiɗde e baawɗe maaje haa o huuwto golle. Nder kuugal, walaa gooduɓe kuugal ngam huutoraade kuugal, ammaa ɓe keɓii bandol diga Propaganda Fide ngam diina waɗugo kuugal. Coquard laati ko'e Yimɓe Egba yiɗi e yiɗugo. Nder hitaande 1893, o waɗi hooreejo suudu ndun. khbjheq4s06mhbtajn4qiwakr6k7bl8 177633 177632 2026-07-01T05:26:34Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jean-Marie Coquard''', SMA (27 Noofambar 1859 - 27 Juun 1933) wonnoo moolinoowo Farayse mo'owo mo'owol mo'ool mo'oolii Abeokuta, Nigeria, je laamorgo lesdi Ogun, ngam hokkude mo'o'o'e e hakkilantaaku. O laati ardiiɗo e boowo nder Abeokuta missioner e doktoor to laamu Egba e saare laamiiɗo. O waɗi suudu ndun haɓɓaaɗo ɓernde nder Abeokuta, o woni misiyonar ɓurɗo yahugo nder kawtal misiyonarɓe Afrik, o heɓi OBE ngam kuuɗe maako.<ref name="Hogan" /> == Ɓeynguure e saare == Jean-Marie Coquard jibini ha 27 lewru Noofambar 1859, nder Diocese of Nantes, Farayse nder saare katoolikɓe mawɓe. Coquard ko ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo e ɓiɗɗo tan Marie Louise e Francois-Marie Coquard, mo labbinoowo e mboowoowo. Ɓaawo duuɓi goɗɗi ɓaawo danygol maako, saare Coquard ɓe njahi wuro Fontainebras. Ammaa Coquard ɓeydi ɓeydi e jannde maako nder wuro Mesquer, to o yahdi nder suudu jaŋde Brothers of Christian Instruction. Nden, e duuɓi sappo e nayi, Coquard jaɓɓii nder gardagol ndiyam, to o ɓeydi yiɗi maayo e yiɗde yahugo.<ref name="Hogan" /> == Kuugal == To o woodi duuɓi 24, nder nder Montevideo bee mariniyaaji mariniyaaɓe, Coquard hawti bee Misiyonnaaɓe Ɓernde Ceniiɗo nder Betharram, bandiraaɓe Misiyonnaaji Kiristan'en ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa jaŋde. Ngam ɓernde maako nder yahugo limanjo e miijo mo warugo misiyoner, Coquard fuɗɗi jaango nder Montevideo nder duuɓi nayi ɓaawo ɗon. Ammaa nder 1886, Coquard anndini ɓe njaɓaayi mo ngam o laɓɓina hooreejo diina nder suudu mawɗo nder ɓernde. Coquard jaɓii jaɓugo ɓernde masin bana ko Allah wi'i mo yahugo nder lesdi Afrika. O waɗi ñaawde nden o jaɓaama nder Fedde Misiyonuuji Afrik. E hitaande 1890, Coquard jaati to Afrik hirnaange. Coquard waɗi ardiiɗo diina nder 1880. O dilli Europe nder lewru Noofambar hitaande nden fu, ɓaawo kuugal dilliwol ngal kardinaal ardiiɗo ardiiɗo Lyon wari. Arbishop on teddini missionaries sappo ɓe ɗon njahi Afrik bee ɓesngu maɓɓe. Nde ɓe njotti Lagos caggal balɗe noogas e jowi nder maayo, Coquard hawti e sukaaɓe sukaaɓe nder suudu janngirde e ɓe ɗon mawnina ngam barkiɗol. O winndi nder deftere to Rev. Baaba Planque, hooreejo mawɗo mishi'en Afriknaaɓe nder Lyon, "ɗum waawaa baylitugo seyo yimɓe ma'en kirseteeɓe". Nde Coquard wari Abeokuta nder 1890, o waɗi mo haɓɓugo kuugal jawdi nder suudu jaajol misiyonji nder jaango Fr. Justin François. Balɗe nayi ɓaawo coquard wari, o acci hooreejo misiyon nder wakkati François ɗon yahu. Ko tawii ko o waɗnoo ko e nder weekuuji jowi, Coquard o janngini hoore maako. Ko o heɓii hay janngirde laaɓal ngal, o hollii yiɗde e baawɗe maaje haa o huuwto golle. Nder kuugal, walaa gooduɓe kuugal ngam huutoraade kuugal, ammaa ɓe keɓii bandol diga Propaganda Fide ngam diina waɗugo kuugal. Coquard laati ko'e Yimɓe Egba yiɗi e yiɗugo. Nder hitaande 1893, o waɗi hooreejo suudu ndun. ==Firooji== 3otjmkfj8aku2yg8atv6vk6x9np41ha 0 42891 177634 2026-07-01T05:27:44Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1210718056|Harry Cotterell]]" 177634 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harry Cotterell''' (30 lewru Desemba 1841 - Septemba 1923) wonnoo jaayndeejo leydi Brite mo o ardii hooreejo Afrik Association Ltd, ko ɗum woni jaaynde kawtal jaayndeere 8 Britishɓe huutoraade e nder Oil Rivers Protectorate. == Ɓaawoore == Cotterell jibinaa nder 1841 nder Newbury, Berkshire, ngam o yahra to Liverpool bee saare maako haa o woodi duuɓi 9, o wari diga jawdi je ɗon mari ɗuuɗal e o mari jannguki ɗuuɗal. Nder duuɓi sappo, o fuɗɗi huuwugo nder kuuɗe feere feere, haa o warti mo warugo mo'o warugo, o watti Atlantik ɗuuɗɗum. Nder lewru Janaare 1863, o laati mooftaaku dow laana je ɗon mardi e laana limgal Liverpool je ɗon yahda to Oil Rivers. Nder Oil Rivers, o hawti jaajol wuro Liverpool ngam o jooɗoto bee Bonny. Caggal nde o waɗi duuɓi tati haa Bonny, Cotterell heɓii ceede e feccere e ceede, o heɓii feere e yimbe haa jamma. O laati jaaynoowo hooreejo e kuuɗe jaayɗe ɗe ɓurna nder wuro Bonny, Calabar e Old Calabar. Nder Nawi Nawi, o woni hooreejo kawtal ngal hawti e laaɓnude ko'e feere e nder jaaynde e nder jaayɗe. Nder hitaande 1881, Cotterell tawtori Holt e Cotterell, walliingo bee John Holt ngam huwtore diga jawdi Irvine e Woodward, jaayɗe ceewɗe ɗe mbaawataa jaaynde nder Afrik hirnaange. E hitaande 1889, Cotterell e Holt waɗi alkawal bee feere feere feere feere ngam ɓe ummora African Association Ltd. Jaɓɓorgo keso fuɗɗii ko bonni, Cotterell e Holt ɓaawo ɗon ɓe mari fahin dow laawol jaɓɓorgo jaɓɓorgal ngal, Holt woɗɗii jaɓɓorgol jaɓɓorgel ngal e hitaande 1896. Ko o waɗi nder Afrik hirnaange, o holli nder deftere Trading in West Africa, nde Peter Davies wurtini. == Firooji == smupu1fc0s7fssg1kci2qn174hnw7eg 177635 177634 2026-07-01T05:28:10Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}} '''Harry Cotterell''' (30 lewru Desemba 1841 - Septemba 1923) wonnoo jaayndeejo leydi Brite mo o ardii hooreejo Afrik Association Ltd, ko ɗum woni jaaynde kawtal jaayndeere 8 Britishɓe huutoraade e nder Oil Rivers Protectorate. == Ɓaawoore == Cotterell jibinaa nder 1841 nder Newbury, Berkshire, ngam o yahra to Liverpool bee saare maako haa o woodi duuɓi 9, o wari diga jawdi je ɗon mari ɗuuɗal e o mari jannguki ɗuuɗal. Nder duuɓi sappo, o fuɗɗi huuwugo nder kuuɗe feere feere, haa o warti mo warugo mo'o warugo, o watti Atlantik ɗuuɗɗum. Nder lewru Janaare 1863, o laati mooftaaku dow laana je ɗon mardi e laana limgal Liverpool je ɗon yahda to Oil Rivers. Nder Oil Rivers, o hawti jaajol wuro Liverpool ngam o jooɗoto bee Bonny. Caggal nde o waɗi duuɓi tati haa Bonny, Cotterell heɓii ceede e feccere e ceede, o heɓii feere e yimbe haa jamma. O laati jaaynoowo hooreejo e kuuɗe jaayɗe ɗe ɓurna nder wuro Bonny, Calabar e Old Calabar. Nder Nawi Nawi, o woni hooreejo kawtal ngal hawti e laaɓnude ko'e feere e nder jaaynde e nder jaayɗe. Nder hitaande 1881, Cotterell tawtori Holt e Cotterell, walliingo bee John Holt ngam huwtore diga jawdi Irvine e Woodward, jaayɗe ceewɗe ɗe mbaawataa jaaynde nder Afrik hirnaange. E hitaande 1889, Cotterell e Holt waɗi alkawal bee feere feere feere feere ngam ɓe ummora African Association Ltd. Jaɓɓorgo keso fuɗɗii ko bonni, Cotterell e Holt ɓaawo ɗon ɓe mari fahin dow laawol jaɓɓorgo jaɓɓorgal ngal, Holt woɗɗii jaɓɓorgol jaɓɓorgel ngal e hitaande 1896. Ko o waɗi nder Afrik hirnaange, o holli nder deftere Trading in West Africa, nde Peter Davies wurtini. == Firooji == bcl2xeb6530nr375lhucofsc3zpdjjw 0 42892 177636 2026-07-01T05:29:23Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339245002|Dandeson Coates Crowther]]" 177636 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dandeson Coates Crowther''' KBE (24 September 1844 - 5 January 1938) was a leader of the Anglican Church in West Africa. He was born in [[Sarliyon|Sierra Leone]]. He was a part of the Christian Missionary Society (CMS) in 1870 and titled as "Archdeacon" of the Niger Delta in 1876. He is credited with initiating the "mass movement" towards Christianity in the 1870s and ultimately the first African secession from the Anglican Church when he founded the Niger Delta Pastorate.<ref name=":1" /> He was ordained at Saint Mary's Parish Church by Samuel Ajayi Crowther.<ref name=":0" /> Prior to this role, he was Senior Pastor in Bonny, Niger Delta.<ref name=":0" /> == Ɓiɗɗo e jaŋde == Dandeson Coates Crowther woni ɓii [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]], mo woni ardiiɗo bishop Anglican Afrik nder lesdi Naajeeriya. Crowther jaɓi janngirde nder Sierra Leone, Nigeria, e Ingiltere. O yahi jaŋde Christian Missionary Society Grammar School nder [[Lagos]], Nigeria nder 1860. O jeyaa e nder suudu jaŋde Christian Missionary Society College e Islington, [[London]], o jaŋde e hitaande 1863. O heɓii Doktoor dow Allah nder Lambeth nder hitaande 1921.<ref name=":2" /> [[File:Bishop_Samuel_Ajayi_Crowther_and_son_Dandeson_1870.png|thumb|401x401px|Dandeson, bee baaba [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]]]] == Misiyon == Laddol Crowther bana misiyonarjo fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1870 caggal nde baaba maako hokki mo ordination. Nder lewru 19 lewru junngo 1870, o laati diyakon haa haalde parish Church of Saint Mary's ha Islington, London.<ref name=":0" /> O wartii Niger Delta nder 1871 ngam hawtaade e Misiyonare Misiyonare Kiristankoore Niger. E 12 mars 1871, o wartii ardiiɗo diina e Lagos, Nigeria.<ref name=":0" /> O jooɗii e Bonny Island, nder leydi Rivers, Nigeria haa o warti ardiyakon Niger Delta nder hitaande 1876. O laati ardiyakon, ko ɗum noddaama "mo mawninaama", nder nder nder nder leydi Niger e nder leydi Delta, o ardii nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder lesdi Naajerya nder nder nder lesdi Misiyonare Fedde Misiyonare.<ref name=":2" /> Crowther ɗon yahda nder lesdi, naftora bee laabi jaayɗe hakkunde lesdi Great Britain e lesdi Afrika, bana laayi Elder Dempster. O yahdi hakkunde London e Nigeria, ammaa nde o nyawdi, o yahdi to Freetown, Sierra Leone.<ref name=":2" /> Crowther hawti e nder nder kuugal maako ngam woɓɓe ardiiɓe Fedde Misioni'en Kiristan'en ɓe ngiɗi walaa yimɓe Europe'en ɓe ɓe naa' ɓe jeyaaɓe nder lesdi maɓɓe ngam ɓe njooɗina kuugal. Wondiral dow diina'en ɓooyɓe nder lesdi Afirka ɓeydi ɓeydi bana ɓeydiingo ɓeydiindi ɓaawo ɓeydiinde Niger nder 1890 e waɗi maayde Samuel Ajayi Crowther nder 1891.<ref name=":3" /> Wurooji ɗi Dandeson Coates Crowther winndi holli no o anndi yimɓe ɓe ɗaɓɓiri mo diga Fedde Misionaare Kiristankooje. O timmini golle maako bana ardiyakon Niger Delta nder hitaande 1926. E hitaande 1935, o heɓii Ordo laamu British Empire, o laatii knighting e laamiiɗo leydi England, ko adii e hooreejo diina, o ƴettiri e naftoraade "Sir".<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":2" /> a8pjqzq27iw8vgydwzlfiv6flru0ksi 177637 177636 2026-07-01T05:29:58Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dandeson Coates Crowther''' KBE (24 September 1844 - 5 January 1938) was a leader of the Anglican Church in West Africa. He was born in [[Sarliyon|Sierra Leone]]. He was a part of the Christian Missionary Society (CMS) in 1870 and titled as "Archdeacon" of the Niger Delta in 1876. He is credited with initiating the "mass movement" towards Christianity in the 1870s and ultimately the first African secession from the Anglican Church when he founded the Niger Delta Pastorate.<ref name=":1" /> He was ordained at Saint Mary's Parish Church by Samuel Ajayi Crowther.<ref name=":0" /> Prior to this role, he was Senior Pastor in Bonny, Niger Delta.<ref name=":0" /> == Ɓiɗɗo e jaŋde == Dandeson Coates Crowther woni ɓii [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]], mo woni ardiiɗo bishop Anglican Afrik nder lesdi Naajeeriya. Crowther jaɓi janngirde nder Sierra Leone, Nigeria, e Ingiltere. O yahi jaŋde Christian Missionary Society Grammar School nder [[Lagos]], Nigeria nder 1860. O jeyaa e nder suudu jaŋde Christian Missionary Society College e Islington, [[London]], o jaŋde e hitaande 1863. O heɓii Doktoor dow Allah nder Lambeth nder hitaande 1921.<ref name=":2" /> [[File:Bishop_Samuel_Ajayi_Crowther_and_son_Dandeson_1870.png|thumb|401x401px|Dandeson, bee baaba [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]]]] == Misiyon == Laddol Crowther bana misiyonarjo fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1870 caggal nde baaba maako hokki mo ordination. Nder lewru 19 lewru junngo 1870, o laati diyakon haa haalde parish Church of Saint Mary's ha Islington, London.<ref name=":0" /> O wartii Niger Delta nder 1871 ngam hawtaade e Misiyonare Misiyonare Kiristankoore Niger. E 12 mars 1871, o wartii ardiiɗo diina e Lagos, Nigeria.<ref name=":0" /> O jooɗii e Bonny Island, nder leydi Rivers, Nigeria haa o warti ardiyakon Niger Delta nder hitaande 1876. O laati ardiyakon, ko ɗum noddaama "mo mawninaama", nder nder nder nder leydi Niger e nder leydi Delta, o ardii nder lesdi Naajeeriya nder lesdi Naajerya nder nder nder lesdi Misiyonare Fedde Misiyonare.<ref name=":2" /> Crowther ɗon yahda nder lesdi, naftora bee laabi jaayɗe hakkunde lesdi Great Britain e lesdi Afrika, bana laayi Elder Dempster. O yahdi hakkunde London e Nigeria, ammaa nde o nyawdi, o yahdi to Freetown, Sierra Leone.<ref name=":2" /> Crowther hawti e nder nder kuugal maako ngam woɓɓe ardiiɓe Fedde Misioni'en Kiristan'en ɓe ngiɗi walaa yimɓe Europe'en ɓe ɓe naa' ɓe jeyaaɓe nder lesdi maɓɓe ngam ɓe njooɗina kuugal. Wondiral dow diina'en ɓooyɓe nder lesdi Afirka ɓeydi ɓeydi bana ɓeydiingo ɓeydiindi ɓaawo ɓeydiinde Niger nder 1890 e waɗi maayde Samuel Ajayi Crowther nder 1891.<ref name=":3" /> Wurooji ɗi Dandeson Coates Crowther winndi holli no o anndi yimɓe ɓe ɗaɓɓiri mo diga Fedde Misionaare Kiristankooje. O timmini golle maako bana ardiyakon Niger Delta nder hitaande 1926. E hitaande 1935, o heɓii Ordo laamu British Empire, o laatii knighting e laamiiɗo leydi England, ko adii e hooreejo diina, o ƴettiri e naftoraade "Sir".<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":2" /> ==firooji== kjaaf2fpbc41b20pzlvlk16qpsb60fd 0 42893 177638 2026-07-01T05:31:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352658796|Thomas Cubitt (British Army officer)]]" 177638 wikitext text/x-wiki General '''Sir Thomas Astley Cubitt''', KCB, CMG, DSO (9 abriil 1871 - 19 mee 1939) wonnoo ardiiɗo konu British nder duuɓi 19 e fuɗɗoode 20th, o ardiiɗo dow suudu konu nder konu duuniyaaru arande nden o waɗi gollal hooreejo Bermuda. Cubitt woni ɓii ɓiyum ɓiyum wuro wuro nder wuro Norfolk, mo hawti e Royal Artillery nder 1891. O waɗi ko o yiɗi nder jaajol, o waɗi duuɓi jowi nder lesdi Afrika, to o hawti e haɓɓugo gardiiɓe lesdi lesdi Afrika hirnaange e o huuwi nder kuugal nder lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria. Gaɗa gaɗa konu duuniyaaru fuɗɗii, o laɓɓinaama laamiiɗo komisaaru to Somaliland, to o waɗi kuugal dow lesdi Dervish. O noddi jaɓɓorgo to Winndere fuunaaŋge nder hitaande 1916, o waɗi hooreejo gardiiɗo e gardiiɗo fuunaaŋke haa o jeyaa ngam jaɓugo hooreejo 38th (Welsh) division nder fuunaaŋre 1918. O ardii division haa nde armistice 11 Noofambar 1918, e heɓuki. Caggal konu, o waɗi kuugal jam e lesdi Germany, Misra, e lesdi United Kingdom, haa o waɗake gomnaako Bermuda nder 1931. O waɗi kuugal ngal haa hitaande 1936, nde o jeyi. == Fedde galle == Thomas jibinaa e Great Yarmouth e 9 abriil 1871, Thomas woni ɓiɗɗo tataɓo Maajor Frank Astley Cubitt e debbo maako Bertha, ɓiɗɗo Captain Thomas Blakiston nder Royal Navy. Maama'en jooɗii e Thorpe Hall nder Norwich, e dow Fritton, ɓadi Great Yarmouth. Major Cubitt wari diga saare yimɓe gariiri, o yahdi nder Rugby e College Yeesu, Cambridge, ngam o yahdi haa konu British nder hitaande 1853 bana laamiiɗo nder 5th Regiment of Foot. O yi'i kuugal nder Indiya'en ɓaawo o warti Ingiltere ngam o huuwto bana jaajotooɗo to battaliyonji bolondiral Norfolk, o jeyi nder konu nder 1889. O waɗi golle dow hooreejo leydi e hooreejo kawral ngal. Ɓiɗɗo Cubitt, Bertram Blakiston (b. 1862), yahdi Balliol College, Oxford, ngam o yahdi nder kuugal ummaatoore; o ɓaawo ɗon o laato hooreejo hooreejo nder ardiiɓe lesdi ɗiɗo ɓeen ɓeen ɓe'e Edward Stanhope, ardiiɗo lesdi ngam konu, nder hitaande 1890-91, e San John Brodrick, ardiijo lesdi ngam konu nder hitaande 1896-98. O waɗi hooreejo hooreejo nder hitaande 1920. Ɓiɗɗo maako, Julian Francis (d. 1869) janngini e Selwyn College, Cambridge, ammaa o yi'aayi o mari golle ummatoore. Gooto maɓɓe debbo, Helen, wareeɗo e jaŋde mawɗo jaŋde, Dr. Moritz Julius Bonn, nder hitaande 1903. == Fuɗɗam golle == [[File:Group_portrait_of_officers_at_the_British_Army_Staff_College,_Camberley,_1906.jpg|left|thumb|Fotooji yimɓe dow ardiiɓe dow British Staff College to Camberley, Ingiltere, 1906. Thomas Cubitt, nden ɗon mawɗo, ɗon jooɗi nder nder nder nder yeeso, tataɓo haa haa nyaamo.]] Thomas Cubitt yahi Haileybury, bana no on waɗi de Julian, ammaa to o yahdi jaŋde o janngii e Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, haa o hooti nder Royal Artillery bana laftinaare ɗiɗawre nder 13 feebari 1891. Caggal nde o waɗi nder leydi Indi, o waɗi darnde haa o waɗi laftinaande 13 feebariyee 1894, o waɗi darndaangal to Sallaaji, Camberley, o waɗi ko o yiɗi o hoɗugo nder koloniya. O neldi to Afrik hirnaange nder hitaande 1898, o laɓɓinaama hooreejo gardiiɗo gardiiɗo artiral nder lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria fuunaande nde o tagini nder hitaande 1900, e nder hitaande 1900. Nde o wonnoo nder lesdi Naajeeriya, o hawti e ɓesngu nder ɓesngu regeementu Naajeeriya nder gardagol lesdi Naajeeri. O yi'i golle nder nder nder nder kuugal hakkunde 1900 e 1903, haa e nder nder Kuugal ngal o waɗi dow hooreejo dowlaaji to Kolonel [[Joorji Kembal|George Kemball]] nder kuugal nder lewru janngo 1901 ngam heɓa Emir Kontagora, e o waɗi dowla dowla dowlaaji dowlaaji nder kuugal Kano-Sokoto nder hitaande 1903.<ref name="Obit" /><ref name="Lugard" /> Ngam kuugal maako nder Afrika, o anndini nder kuugal feere feere (nde hawti e 31 August 1901), o ɓeydi haa darnde majje dow 21 Mars 1901, o hokki maako kuugal mawɗo (DSO). O wartii e golle regimental nder leydi United Kingdom e hitaande 1905, nden gila 1908, nde o fuɗɗii fuɗnaade e hooreejo dowla to hooreejo dowle, haa 1911 o waɗi gollal hooreejo dowlaaji nder leydi Ireland e 3rd Cavalry Brigade. == konu duuniyaaru arande == Nder lewru Yuli 1914, Cubitt laatii laamɗo mawɗo e gardiiɗo dowla ngam protectorate Somaliland; caggal haɓre Dul Madoba, laamu koloniyaal ɗaɓɓiti ngam waruki hakkillaaji British dow nder leydi Protectorate. Cubitt waɗi e jaayɗe e nder nder warugo 1914-15, o halki e nder nder nder nder lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi. Ɓaawo o yotti Somaliland, konu duuniyaaru arande fuɗɗii, nden nde konu fuɗɗii o waɗi ko o yiɗi, o waɗi ko haani o yaasi to Orop; ɗum hokki mo, ammaa ɗum waɗi haa fuɗɗoode 1916 ngam o yaasi e o yaasi wuro maako. Ngam kuugal maako nder Afrika, o laamaama Kammuɗo Ordin St Michael e St George e Kammuɗo Order of the Bath, o ɓeydiima haa laftinaare kolonel nder lewru April 1915 e ɓaawo ɗon haa laftinare kolonel. Cubitt hokki fursatinde yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nder lesdi hirnaange ngam ɓe ɗaɓɓita dowla dowla dow laana, ɓe ɗon ɗon umri ɓe ɗon ɗon jaɓɓa dowla dow 8th (Service) Battalion, Lincolnshire Regimeht ha fuɗɗoode 1917, ngam ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa Brigadier General Colin Robert Ballard dowla dow 57th Infantry Brigade ha lewru abriil, ɗum boo ɗon ɗaɓɓita ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓaŋgi ɓe haa ɓe ɓe ɓe njaɓɓa dowlo brigadier general wakkati ɓe ɗon njooɗi ɓe ɓe ɓe njooɗi. Brigade boo yi'i kuugal haa Messines e Ypres nder hitaande 1917, e nder kuugal spring German fuɗɗam 1918. O waɗi ko o laatii koloneel e nder lewru lewru Janaare 1918. O waɗi o laɓɓinaama ngam jaɓugo hooreejo 38th (Welsh) division haa sakkugo lewru Mee malla fuɗɗam lewru Juun 1918, caggal nde hooreejo hooreejo hooreeɓe (GOC), Major General Charles Blackader, nyawdi. r9auefmzlij42uzywt69yp3im9q17qq 177639 177638 2026-07-01T05:31:58Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} General '''Sir Thomas Astley Cubitt''', KCB, CMG, DSO (9 abriil 1871 - 19 mee 1939) wonnoo ardiiɗo konu British nder duuɓi 19 e fuɗɗoode 20th, o ardiiɗo dow suudu konu nder konu duuniyaaru arande nden o waɗi gollal hooreejo Bermuda. Cubitt woni ɓii ɓiyum ɓiyum wuro wuro nder wuro Norfolk, mo hawti e Royal Artillery nder 1891. O waɗi ko o yiɗi nder jaajol, o waɗi duuɓi jowi nder lesdi Afrika, to o hawti e haɓɓugo gardiiɓe lesdi lesdi Afrika hirnaange e o huuwi nder kuugal nder lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria. Gaɗa gaɗa konu duuniyaaru fuɗɗii, o laɓɓinaama laamiiɗo komisaaru to Somaliland, to o waɗi kuugal dow lesdi Dervish. O noddi jaɓɓorgo to Winndere fuunaaŋge nder hitaande 1916, o waɗi hooreejo gardiiɗo e gardiiɗo fuunaaŋke haa o jeyaa ngam jaɓugo hooreejo 38th (Welsh) division nder fuunaaŋre 1918. O ardii division haa nde armistice 11 Noofambar 1918, e heɓuki. Caggal konu, o waɗi kuugal jam e lesdi Germany, Misra, e lesdi United Kingdom, haa o waɗake gomnaako Bermuda nder 1931. O waɗi kuugal ngal haa hitaande 1936, nde o jeyi. == Fedde galle == Thomas jibinaa e Great Yarmouth e 9 abriil 1871, Thomas woni ɓiɗɗo tataɓo Maajor Frank Astley Cubitt e debbo maako Bertha, ɓiɗɗo Captain Thomas Blakiston nder Royal Navy. Maama'en jooɗii e Thorpe Hall nder Norwich, e dow Fritton, ɓadi Great Yarmouth. Major Cubitt wari diga saare yimɓe gariiri, o yahdi nder Rugby e College Yeesu, Cambridge, ngam o yahdi haa konu British nder hitaande 1853 bana laamiiɗo nder 5th Regiment of Foot. O yi'i kuugal nder Indiya'en ɓaawo o warti Ingiltere ngam o huuwto bana jaajotooɗo to battaliyonji bolondiral Norfolk, o jeyi nder konu nder 1889. O waɗi golle dow hooreejo leydi e hooreejo kawral ngal. Ɓiɗɗo Cubitt, Bertram Blakiston (b. 1862), yahdi Balliol College, Oxford, ngam o yahdi nder kuugal ummaatoore; o ɓaawo ɗon o laato hooreejo hooreejo nder ardiiɓe lesdi ɗiɗo ɓeen ɓeen ɓe'e Edward Stanhope, ardiiɗo lesdi ngam konu, nder hitaande 1890-91, e San John Brodrick, ardiijo lesdi ngam konu nder hitaande 1896-98. O waɗi hooreejo hooreejo nder hitaande 1920. Ɓiɗɗo maako, Julian Francis (d. 1869) janngini e Selwyn College, Cambridge, ammaa o yi'aayi o mari golle ummatoore. Gooto maɓɓe debbo, Helen, wareeɗo e jaŋde mawɗo jaŋde, Dr. Moritz Julius Bonn, nder hitaande 1903. == Fuɗɗam golle == [[File:Group_portrait_of_officers_at_the_British_Army_Staff_College,_Camberley,_1906.jpg|left|thumb|Fotooji yimɓe dow ardiiɓe dow British Staff College to Camberley, Ingiltere, 1906. Thomas Cubitt, nden ɗon mawɗo, ɗon jooɗi nder nder nder nder yeeso, tataɓo haa haa nyaamo.]] Thomas Cubitt yahi Haileybury, bana no on waɗi de Julian, ammaa to o yahdi jaŋde o janngii e Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, haa o hooti nder Royal Artillery bana laftinaare ɗiɗawre nder 13 feebari 1891. Caggal nde o waɗi nder leydi Indi, o waɗi darnde haa o waɗi laftinaande 13 feebariyee 1894, o waɗi darndaangal to Sallaaji, Camberley, o waɗi ko o yiɗi o hoɗugo nder koloniya. O neldi to Afrik hirnaange nder hitaande 1898, o laɓɓinaama hooreejo gardiiɗo gardiiɗo artiral nder lesdi lesdi lesdi Nigeria fuunaande nde o tagini nder hitaande 1900, e nder hitaande 1900. Nde o wonnoo nder lesdi Naajeeriya, o hawti e ɓesngu nder ɓesngu regeementu Naajeeriya nder gardagol lesdi Naajeeri. O yi'i golle nder nder nder nder kuugal hakkunde 1900 e 1903, haa e nder nder Kuugal ngal o waɗi dow hooreejo dowlaaji to Kolonel [[Joorji Kembal|George Kemball]] nder kuugal nder lewru janngo 1901 ngam heɓa Emir Kontagora, e o waɗi dowla dowla dowlaaji dowlaaji nder kuugal Kano-Sokoto nder hitaande 1903.<ref name="Obit" /><ref name="Lugard" /> Ngam kuugal maako nder Afrika, o anndini nder kuugal feere feere (nde hawti e 31 August 1901), o ɓeydi haa darnde majje dow 21 Mars 1901, o hokki maako kuugal mawɗo (DSO). O wartii e golle regimental nder leydi United Kingdom e hitaande 1905, nden gila 1908, nde o fuɗɗii fuɗnaade e hooreejo dowla to hooreejo dowle, haa 1911 o waɗi gollal hooreejo dowlaaji nder leydi Ireland e 3rd Cavalry Brigade. == konu duuniyaaru arande == Nder lewru Yuli 1914, Cubitt laatii laamɗo mawɗo e gardiiɗo dowla ngam protectorate Somaliland; caggal haɓre Dul Madoba, laamu koloniyaal ɗaɓɓiti ngam waruki hakkillaaji British dow nder leydi Protectorate. Cubitt waɗi e jaayɗe e nder nder warugo 1914-15, o halki e nder nder nder nder lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi. Ɓaawo o yotti Somaliland, konu duuniyaaru arande fuɗɗii, nden nde konu fuɗɗii o waɗi ko o yiɗi, o waɗi ko haani o yaasi to Orop; ɗum hokki mo, ammaa ɗum waɗi haa fuɗɗoode 1916 ngam o yaasi e o yaasi wuro maako. Ngam kuugal maako nder Afrika, o laamaama Kammuɗo Ordin St Michael e St George e Kammuɗo Order of the Bath, o ɓeydiima haa laftinaare kolonel nder lewru April 1915 e ɓaawo ɗon haa laftinare kolonel. Cubitt hokki fursatinde yimɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nder lesdi hirnaange ngam ɓe ɗaɓɓita dowla dowla dow laana, ɓe ɗon ɗon umri ɓe ɗon ɗon jaɓɓa dowla dow 8th (Service) Battalion, Lincolnshire Regimeht ha fuɗɗoode 1917, ngam ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa Brigadier General Colin Robert Ballard dowla dow 57th Infantry Brigade ha lewru abriil, ɗum boo ɗon ɗaɓɓita ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓaŋgi ɓe haa ɓe ɓe ɓe njaɓɓa dowlo brigadier general wakkati ɓe ɗon njooɗi ɓe ɓe ɓe njooɗi. Brigade boo yi'i kuugal haa Messines e Ypres nder hitaande 1917, e nder kuugal spring German fuɗɗam 1918. O waɗi ko o laatii koloneel e nder lewru lewru Janaare 1918. O waɗi o laɓɓinaama ngam jaɓugo hooreejo 38th (Welsh) division haa sakkugo lewru Mee malla fuɗɗam lewru Juun 1918, caggal nde hooreejo hooreejo hooreeɓe (GOC), Major General Charles Blackader, nyawdi. ==firooji== 4kphdjaco23j70vzbi727uv966q2009 0 42894 177641 2026-07-01T05:33:17Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354928884|Candido Da Rocha]]" 177641 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Candido_Da_Rocha.jpg|thumb|O ɗonno o marɗo jaaynde nder lesdi Naijeriya, o ɗonno o ɗonno huuwugo yimɓe, o ɗonnoo o ɗonno e jawdi.]] Chief '''Candido João Da Rocha''' (3 Oktoobar 1860 - 11 Maars 1959) o wonnoo jaaynoowo, jaaynooɗo leydi e jaaynoojo lesdi Naajeeriya. Da Rocha hollitii waylaaki daga maccuɓe haa warugo nder ardiiɓe ardiiɓe jaaynde [[Lagos]] e jaaynde. O mari wuro ndiyam nder Kakawa Street, Lagos Island, Lagos, o mari boo bonanza hotel nder Lagos. O jogii ko o hooreejo '''Lodifi''' [[Ilesa West|Ilesa]]. == Ɓiɗɗo e janngirde == Da Rocha, Ijesha, jibini nder saare Joao Esan Da Rocha , maccuɗo Brazil; baaba maako o duuɓi 10 nde o jeyaa e maccuɗo nder hitaande 1840 nden Candido jibini nder Bahia nder lesdi Brazil. Candido yahi CMS Grammar School, Lagos to o ɗon haani bee [[Ishaq Oluwole|Isaac Oluwole]] e [[Herbert Macaulay]]. Candido woni ɓiraawo Moses Da Rocha, gooto e doktoor'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɓurɓe jaŋde. [[File:The_Industrial_and_Commercial_Bank_Ltd.jpg|thumb|Ɓaɗol Banki Fuuɗugo e Fuuɗuki Naajeeriya naa'i halki marɓe bankiji lesdi; ha haani, ɗum hokki darniji mari daraja ɗi marɗi ɗi marɗi tagdi bankiji ɗi lesdi Naajeeriya mari.]] == Fedde ndiyam == [[File:Darocha_Esan.jpg|thumb|244x244px|To yaamde woni Joao Esan e to nyaamo woni Candido to o wondi sukaajo e mammu maako, Angelica]] Candido da Rocha ɗon anndira bana "miliyonoowo ndiyam arande". O mari wuro baaba maako o fuɗɗii sistemol jaɓɓorgo ndiyam, hokki ndiyam laaɓɗum nder duuɓi 1920, je ɗon kuuwa Lagos Island e nokkuuje haandi. Ɗu'um waɗi nder wuro baaba maako, anndiraaɗo wuro ndiyam nder Kakawa Street. Kanko woni arande nder Lagos ngam heɓugo jaŋde hooreejo e jaŋde ndiyam, ngam hokkude yimɓe e mawɓe leydi. == Kuuɗal & Finance == Da Rocha anndiraa bana 'Mmerchant Princes of Amaro', ha ɓaawo kuuɗe maako nder ndiyam, o waɗi ceede, jaayɗe ceede feere feere feere feere heɓii ceede haa 100% e jaayɗe. Ngam maajum, o ɓeydi anndugo mo bana gooto nder miliyoner'en lesdi Naajeeriya. Nder hitaande 1907, Da Rocha huwti e ardiiɓe Lagos J. H. Doherty e Seidu Williams nder kuugal ceede ceede huutoreeɓe nder leydi Lagos. Wato ɓeydaaki ngam tiggude banki lesdi ngam haɓugo bee banki lesdi feere, o ɗonno o ɗonno waɗi banki jaayɗe e jaayɗe, hokki ceede to yimɓe lesdi. Koo nde ɓe ɗon wondi wakkati seɗɗa, kuuje ɗe mari ko mari mari mari mari semmbe nder haɓugo e jaɓugo laamu kuuje bankije feere nder wakkati koloniya. Woɓɓe nder kuugal maako hawti e restaurant biyeteeɗo The Restaurant Da Rocha e Sierra Leone Deep Sea Fishing Industries Ltd. O wondi ardiiɗo Lagos to Anti Slavery and Aborigines Right Society, ko [[James Johnson (assistant bishop of Western Equatorial Africa)|James Johnson]] ardii e [[Samuwel Herbert Piirse|Samuel Pearse]], Hon. Justice Dahunsi Olugbemi Coker e [[Christopher Sapara Williams|Sapara Williams]] hono ardiiɓe. Ngam yiɗde maako dow jaaynde, o maaki Lagos Racing Club nder 1891, to o jaayndi bee bandiraaɓe maako bana J.H. Doherty. == Duule ndiyam == [[File:Water_House_Lagos_island.jpg|thumb|241x241px|Duule ndiyam, Lagos]] Duule ndiyam woni wuro nder barok Brazilian nder Kakawa Street, ɗum haani Joao Esan Da Rocha. Duuɗum ngam boobo ndiyam nder suudu, wuro ndu ɗon woodi suudu go'oto. Caggal maayde baaba maako, Candido Joao Da Rocha wayliti suudu nden e waɗugo laabi ''sobrado'' nder suudu ɗiɗaɓu. Ɗum anndiraa bana go'o nder arkitekturaaji lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Naajeeri mawɓe nder Lagos, ɗum waɗi laamu Naajeeriya haani hisnaago e hokka ɗum nder nder nder nder limte. Duule nden ɗon haalde nder defte nder defte, nder defte ɗe Antonio Olinto winndi. ntawc5fl3polf4qvqxm4820owtj3ip7 177642 177641 2026-07-01T05:33:39Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Candido_Da_Rocha.jpg|thumb|O ɗonno o marɗo jaaynde nder lesdi Naijeriya, o ɗonno o ɗonno huuwugo yimɓe, o ɗonnoo o ɗonno e jawdi.]] Chief '''Candido João Da Rocha''' (3 Oktoobar 1860 - 11 Maars 1959) o wonnoo jaaynoowo, jaaynooɗo leydi e jaaynoojo lesdi Naajeeriya. Da Rocha hollitii waylaaki daga maccuɓe haa warugo nder ardiiɓe ardiiɓe jaaynde [[Lagos]] e jaaynde. O mari wuro ndiyam nder Kakawa Street, Lagos Island, Lagos, o mari boo bonanza hotel nder Lagos. O jogii ko o hooreejo '''Lodifi''' [[Ilesa West|Ilesa]]. == Ɓiɗɗo e janngirde == Da Rocha, Ijesha, jibini nder saare Joao Esan Da Rocha , maccuɗo Brazil; baaba maako o duuɓi 10 nde o jeyaa e maccuɗo nder hitaande 1840 nden Candido jibini nder Bahia nder lesdi Brazil. Candido yahi CMS Grammar School, Lagos to o ɗon haani bee [[Ishaq Oluwole|Isaac Oluwole]] e [[Herbert Macaulay]]. Candido woni ɓiraawo Moses Da Rocha, gooto e doktoor'en lesdi Naajeeriya ɓurɓe jaŋde. [[File:The_Industrial_and_Commercial_Bank_Ltd.jpg|thumb|Ɓaɗol Banki Fuuɗugo e Fuuɗuki Naajeeriya naa'i halki marɓe bankiji lesdi; ha haani, ɗum hokki darniji mari daraja ɗi marɗi ɗi marɗi tagdi bankiji ɗi lesdi Naajeeriya mari.]] == Fedde ndiyam == [[File:Darocha_Esan.jpg|thumb|244x244px|To yaamde woni Joao Esan e to nyaamo woni Candido to o wondi sukaajo e mammu maako, Angelica]] Candido da Rocha ɗon anndira bana "miliyonoowo ndiyam arande". O mari wuro baaba maako o fuɗɗii sistemol jaɓɓorgo ndiyam, hokki ndiyam laaɓɗum nder duuɓi 1920, je ɗon kuuwa Lagos Island e nokkuuje haandi. Ɗu'um waɗi nder wuro baaba maako, anndiraaɗo wuro ndiyam nder Kakawa Street. Kanko woni arande nder Lagos ngam heɓugo jaŋde hooreejo e jaŋde ndiyam, ngam hokkude yimɓe e mawɓe leydi. == Kuuɗal & Finance == Da Rocha anndiraa bana 'Mmerchant Princes of Amaro', ha ɓaawo kuuɗe maako nder ndiyam, o waɗi ceede, jaayɗe ceede feere feere feere feere heɓii ceede haa 100% e jaayɗe. Ngam maajum, o ɓeydi anndugo mo bana gooto nder miliyoner'en lesdi Naajeeriya. Nder hitaande 1907, Da Rocha huwti e ardiiɓe Lagos J. H. Doherty e Seidu Williams nder kuugal ceede ceede huutoreeɓe nder leydi Lagos. Wato ɓeydaaki ngam tiggude banki lesdi ngam haɓugo bee banki lesdi feere, o ɗonno o ɗonno waɗi banki jaayɗe e jaayɗe, hokki ceede to yimɓe lesdi. Koo nde ɓe ɗon wondi wakkati seɗɗa, kuuje ɗe mari ko mari mari mari mari semmbe nder haɓugo e jaɓugo laamu kuuje bankije feere nder wakkati koloniya. Woɓɓe nder kuugal maako hawti e restaurant biyeteeɗo The Restaurant Da Rocha e Sierra Leone Deep Sea Fishing Industries Ltd. O wondi ardiiɗo Lagos to Anti Slavery and Aborigines Right Society, ko [[James Johnson (assistant bishop of Western Equatorial Africa)|James Johnson]] ardii e [[Samuwel Herbert Piirse|Samuel Pearse]], Hon. Justice Dahunsi Olugbemi Coker e [[Christopher Sapara Williams|Sapara Williams]] hono ardiiɓe. Ngam yiɗde maako dow jaaynde, o maaki Lagos Racing Club nder 1891, to o jaayndi bee bandiraaɓe maako bana J.H. Doherty. == Duule ndiyam == [[File:Water_House_Lagos_island.jpg|thumb|241x241px|Duule ndiyam, Lagos]] Duule ndiyam woni wuro nder barok Brazilian nder Kakawa Street, ɗum haani Joao Esan Da Rocha. Duuɗum ngam boobo ndiyam nder suudu, wuro ndu ɗon woodi suudu go'oto. Caggal maayde baaba maako, Candido Joao Da Rocha wayliti suudu nden e waɗugo laabi ''sobrado'' nder suudu ɗiɗaɓu. Ɗum anndiraa bana go'o nder arkitekturaaji lesdi Naajeeriya e lesdi Naajeeri mawɓe nder Lagos, ɗum waɗi laamu Naajeeriya haani hisnaago e hokka ɗum nder nder nder nder limte. Duule nden ɗon haalde nder defte nder defte, nder defte ɗe Antonio Olinto winndi. ==firooji== lhi8accie6luiylo5lypfw1xzmmu6ns 0 42895 177645 2026-07-01T05:37:36Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358816364|Muhammadu Dikko]]" 177645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammadu Dikko''' pronunciationⓘ anndiraa kadi '''Muhammad Dikko dan Gidado''' CBE (1865 - May 1944), woni Emir 47 [[Katsina]] gila 9 Noofambar 1906 haa maayde mum e 1944. O woni amiri Fulani joweego, e amiri arandeejo nder laamu Sullubawa, o jeyaa Yero dan Musa, amiri aranndeejo nder laamu Dallazawa, ɗum jeyaa e Jihad [[Sayku Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye|Usman dan Fodio]]. O wari dow laamu ɓaawo laamu British fuɗɗii e hitaande 1903 ɓaawo sainiigo dow alkawal hakkunde Emir, Abubakar dan Ibrahim, e mawɓe British. O woni on on on on Binta, on on on kaakaaji on Shehu Musa Yar'adua e Umaru Musa Yar'adu, o ɓiyani on on ɓiɗɗo makko [[Usman Nagogo]], o jogii ko o laamiiɗo Emir gila 1944 haa o maayi e hitaande 1981.<ref name="jamtan1" /> O e yimɓe maako ɗon fotti nder wakkatiji ɗuuɗɗi. == Ɓiɗɗo e jaŋde == Dikko jibinaa nder hitaande 1865, wakkati laamu emir Muhammadu Bello, to Muhammadu Gidado, mo jogiiɗo laamorde mawɗe Durbi, gooto e laamiiɓe, e debbo maako Ta-Malamai. Dikko heɓii janngirde Islam diga heewde e jannginooɓe Katsina e Tsagero. Nder hitaande 1882, nde Dikko ɗon haaje, Emir Ibrahim maayi, Musa, gaɗoowo diina diga arande Gidado, laati emir. O jeyaaji wuro maako, o jeyaa Gidado dow darnde Durbi o hokki ɓiɗɗo maako Yero. Ɗuum waɗi kaaluuji to Dikko, amma mayde Musa e ɓeydaaki mo ɓurɗo ɓiyde e ɓiɗɗo Ibrahim Abubakar waɗi kaaluji. Yero ɗon njaɓɓa ko'e maako, nden o ɗon suɓaa dow mawɗo Dikko Muhammadu Sada, on ɗon wondi deeriraawo Gidado. Abubakar boo haɓɓani Yero ngam mo ɗon wi'a mo ngam mbarugo Gidado. == Durbi == [[File:Sarakunan_Katsina_11.jpg|thumb]] Nde o janngini e nder saare mawnde, Dikko hokki "Karshi" (jo o wondi e gooto e ɓiyum ɓiyum) e Abubakar Dikko mo o wondi konu, o haɓɓi e nder konuji Katsina e Maradi, o heɓii yiɗde e yiɗde Abubakar, mo o waɗi mo Durbi (Sada maayi yeeso), ko woni ko baaba mum waɗi, o waɗi mo hooreejo diiwaan Mani. Ɗum wi'i ɗum waɗi caggal konu, Abubakar ɗon haani e hakkillo Dikko, haa o jeyaa turban maako ngam hokkude naamnal Durbi to Dikko. Ngam Durbi hokki Dikko ɓeydaaki ɓeydaago to amir, hokki mo baawɗe e daraja, ammaa o hokki mo hakkillaaji ɓeydaɗi, be konne'en, be bandiraaɓe keso. Nder yimɓe ɓe Dikko mari ɓernde e ɓe moolaaki bee maako ɗon Mallam Haruna, mo jannginoowo e mooloowo diga [[Kano]]-Bakashe (jo jooni nder [[Niiser|Niger]]), mo jooɗori nder Tsagero, gariiri ɓadi Katsina, to ɓiɓɓe Emir e mawɓe feere ɓe njahi ɓe njanngina, to Dikko boo ɓe njanngi. Dikko hokki mo hakkiilo jaɓugo konu ɗuɗɗum, o hokki mo kadi darnde ngam jaɓugo haɓre nder Kano, to ɗiɗo mo'oɓe, Tukur e Alu, ɗon haɓana ngam emirship. Dikko wi'ii o mari tagdi o warti hoore mum amiri, nden ɓeydaaki maako to laamu e ɓeydaago anndal maako wi'ii ɗum hawti amiri. Kaŋko Sad'a maayi, o umri Dikko o ɗowtana Abubakar. [[File:The_Emir_of_Katsena,_Magagin_on_his_right_and_district_headmen,_police_in_the_background.png|thumb|Emir Katsena e mawɓe nder hitaande 1911 to Katsina]] == Aadiyankooɓe e ƴettirde laamu == Nder lewru abriil 1903, konu Britaniya, ha hooreejo Lord [[Frederik Lugard, ko Baron Lugard gadano|Frederick Lugard]] wari haa dammuɗe [[Katsina]]. Nde ɓe ɗon njaɓɓi ɓurna Hausaland, hawti e [[Kano]] e Sokoto, laamorgo kalifaatoji ɗi Danfodio waɗi, Britaniyankooɓe ɓe njaɓɓi boo, Katsina hokki hoore mum. Ardeeji British'en waɗi haaluwol ngam emir Abubakar, mo hulani ɗum British'en waawi darnugo mo e jaajugo mo to o haawni ɓe, bana ɓe waɗi emirs'en feereeji nder laamuuji je ɓe laɓi, ammaa o ɗon yiɗataa ɓeydaago ɓe boo. Abubakar ɗon hawti bee ɓeydi ɓeydi limtinugo yimɓe Katsina, ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ɓeydi ngam ɓe ɗon haɓa ɓe ɗon haani ɓe ɗon haaki, ɓe ɗon wari ngam halki ardiwol jihad Dan Fodio. Ɗuum waɗi amirɗo hokki Dikko hooreejo maako e Britaniya'en, be mo ɗon laara ngam jammu maɓɓe e hokkugo limce. Abubakar ɗon mari laaɓal hoore mum, amma ɗon ɗon mari feere-feere e British e siyaasa maɓɓe. Yimɓe feere ɗon maɓɓina hokkiɗugo Dikko bana kuugal amir ngam yaasi hoore maako ngam yaaki hawtaade bee yimɓe Britaniya, ɓe ɗon boo ɗon ceede ngam ɗum woni kuugal amiri, ngam Dikko waaway ɓaŋgude yimɓe Britaniya'en, nden o waawaa naŋgugo, ngam o yaafana amir diga mooftaako maako. Ammaa, Dikko waɗi caɗeele ngam o yiɗi ɓernde yimɓe Britaani'en e heɓugo haalu maɓɓe. Britaani'en ɓe ɗon mari ɓernde booɗɗum bee Abubakar bana amir, ngam daliila hawtuki maako bee maɓɓe, bana bee semmbe mawɓe suudu e mawɓe ɓe ɗon mari dow maako, ngam maajum siyaasa maɓɓe dow laamu naaŋki ɗon nafata. Nder ɓaawo 1904, ɓe tawi ɓuuɓuɗo ɓuuɓum nder mayre R.E. Olivier, jooɗoɗo leydi Britaniya. Abubakar ɗon moodi, nden o ɗon moodi e nder [[Ilorin]] nder lewru Janaare 1905. [[File:Sarakunan_Katsina_05.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Dikko boowo to British Museum.]] Ngam ɓe yiɗi amiri gooduɗo gooduɗo ko'e mum, Yero, ɓiɗɗo amiri goomu Musa, mo hawri bee Abubakar, Britaniya'en mbi'i, ɓe ɗonno ɗonno ɗonna bee maɓɓe, nden ɓe ɗonno tokkaay bee ko'e maɓɓe boo. Olivier, ɗum wi'i o sirmini Yero wonde daga jooni fuu jaɓɓude e suɓaaji ɗi Britaniya'en haani jaɓugo, ammaa Yero ɗon ɓeyda Britaniya'e nden o ɗon yiɗi waɗugo ko o yiɗi. O wurtini mawɓe mawɓe, hawti e ɓiɓɓe Abubakar, o nastini ɓe bee yimɓe mo ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa e ɓe ɗon njaɓa mo. O naftiri boo suudu maako ngam o wurtina kiita ɗi Britaniya'en e kiita'en nokkuure nden hokki. Nder lewru feebariyee 1905, Olivier ɓe njaɓɓi mo, [[Riismond palmer|Herbert Richmond Palmer]] ɓe njaɓi to Katsina. Ɓaawo o wari, Palmer holli yiɗde maako ngam waɗugo laabi nder laamu kiita e haɓɓugo jeje, Yero hawti bee ɗum, o tokkii. Nder wakkati maajum, ɗon woodi ummatoore nder Sokoto, Palmer boo ɗonno o ɗonno yaaki to Kano. Kaŋko o dilli, o umri Yero o hoo'a ko o acci. Yero, ɗon tammi Britanniyanko'en ɗon njahi, o umri yimɓe maako ɓe ngaddanaago cuuɗi. Nde Britaniya'en ɓaawo nde, Palmer noddi Yero hokki yimɓe kuugal e kuuje ngam ɓe maɓɓina ko ɓe njaɓani, ammaa Yero e hooreejo mum ɗon njaɓɓa ɓe ngalaa. Nder wakkati maajum, Britaani'en ɓe ngiɗi ngam ɓe keɓa ngamji e konu, nden Palmer neli Dikko mo ɓe ɗon kuuwa to Agadez ngam ɓe ngurtina ɗum. Nde Dikko ɗon yaasi, nder lewru 9 Noofambar 1906, Palmer ɗon ɓeyda e kuugal Yero, o ɗon mo'a, o ɗon wi'a mo o walaa baawɗe e mo'a. Yero ɗon wurtina to Lokoja, Palmer anndini hokki Dikko darnde amiraji wakkatiire, koo nde o naa' o darii nder dandu Dallazawa. Yimɓe ɓe ɓe nganndi ɓe njaɓata laamu, hawti e Yarima (kooreejo laamu), ɓe njokki ngam ɓe mbaadi Dikko. Dikko wartii, o anndaa ko o ardii e laamu makko, o ɗon haa dammugal Kofar Sauri, to Katsina, nde goɗɗo ɓoggi mo, o ɗon yaha to maako, nde o hawti bee maako, o ɗon sujidana mo, o boowan mo nder no amiri tan ɗon sujidani, nden boo o ɗon toro Dikko bana "Sarki" Katsina. Dikko hawti e jokkondiral neɗɗo, o ƴami mo to o ɓeydi, ammaa neɗɗo on hokki mo haala dow Yero'en, e suɓugo maako bana emir. Dikko, mo hawti e nyau worm Guinea, waawataa jahugo dow dow, o waɗii laawol maako diga Agadez dow kamel, o fuɗɗii jooɗugo e saare maako haa Kofar Sauri, haa o hooti haa suudu laamorde ngam jaɓugo yimɓe. [[File:Sarakunan_Katsina_12.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Muhammad Dikko nder BBC]] Dikko huwti e yimɓe Britaniya wakkati o ɗon jeyaa emir, e nder 25 lewru Janaare 1907, ardiiɗo ardiiɗo lesdi Britaniya; William Wallace hokki Dicko anndal amir kesum Katsina. == Laamu (1906-1944) == Dikko hawti e haɓugo daga Dallazawa e yimɓe maɓɓe, ɓe ngi'i mo bana mo'o warɗo e mo'o ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe'e ɓe'e. Dikko ɓeydi darnde maako ngam o suɓii yimɓe maako ɗuuɗɓe haa kuugal mawɗo, hawti e Nyaako maako Mallam Haruna, mo suɓii Waziri arande (woondeejo) Katsina. Dikko boo ɓeydani bandiraawo maako bee mawɓe gariiri e mawɓe ngam ɓe hokki ɓiɓɓe maako rewɓe. Nder laamu Dikko, laabi feere feere fuɗɗi, ɗi hawti e haɓɓugo laabi feere-feere nder limce, e jaɓugo jaɓugo laamu, e ɓiɗɗo maako [[Usman Nagogo]] laati hooreejo polis 1929. Nagogo waɗi Magajin gari, hooreejo gari gari gari gari nder gariiri Katsina nder 1937, waɗi mo ɓurɗo ɓuwaaɓe mawɓe baaba maako. Fooyre mawnde feere fu fu fuɗɗii haɓɓugo ardiiɓe diiwaan, ɓe ɗon jooɗii nder Katsina, haa diiwaanuuji maɓɓe feere feere. Ɗuum darnde ɗon hawti e Dikko hoore maako, ngam Mallam Haruna, mo ɓurɗo ɓooyaago maako e ardiiɗo maako, ɓe ummanii mo dow dow dow lesdi, ɓe ndilli to Kaita, ɓe hokki Mallam Zayyana laamorde Waziri. Dikko maaki boo suudu ndun e maaki koolji Katsina, koolji ɗiɗawɗi nder lesdi Nigeria fuunaare nder hitaande 1922. Dikko ɓeydi jannginki jaŋde hirnaange, hokki feere nder ɓiɓɓe maako janngude nder laamu British, e ɓeydi ɓeydi yimɓe mawɓe waɗugo non boo. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cqt80t770xcacy5clfketdpmqlm9fkv 177646 177645 2026-07-01T05:38:02Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammadu Dikko''' pronunciationⓘ anndiraa kadi '''Muhammad Dikko dan Gidado''' CBE (1865 - May 1944), woni Emir 47 [[Katsina]] gila 9 Noofambar 1906 haa maayde mum e 1944. O woni amiri Fulani joweego, e amiri arandeejo nder laamu Sullubawa, o jeyaa Yero dan Musa, amiri aranndeejo nder laamu Dallazawa, ɗum jeyaa e Jihad [[Sayku Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye|Usman dan Fodio]]. O wari dow laamu ɓaawo laamu British fuɗɗii e hitaande 1903 ɓaawo sainiigo dow alkawal hakkunde Emir, Abubakar dan Ibrahim, e mawɓe British. O woni on on on on Binta, on on on kaakaaji on Shehu Musa Yar'adua e Umaru Musa Yar'adu, o ɓiyani on on ɓiɗɗo makko [[Usman Nagogo]], o jogii ko o laamiiɗo Emir gila 1944 haa o maayi e hitaande 1981.<ref name="jamtan1" /> O e yimɓe maako ɗon fotti nder wakkatiji ɗuuɗɗi. == Ɓiɗɗo e jaŋde == Dikko jibinaa nder hitaande 1865, wakkati laamu emir Muhammadu Bello, to Muhammadu Gidado, mo jogiiɗo laamorde mawɗe Durbi, gooto e laamiiɓe, e debbo maako Ta-Malamai. Dikko heɓii janngirde Islam diga heewde e jannginooɓe Katsina e Tsagero. Nder hitaande 1882, nde Dikko ɗon haaje, Emir Ibrahim maayi, Musa, gaɗoowo diina diga arande Gidado, laati emir. O jeyaaji wuro maako, o jeyaa Gidado dow darnde Durbi o hokki ɓiɗɗo maako Yero. Ɗuum waɗi kaaluuji to Dikko, amma mayde Musa e ɓeydaaki mo ɓurɗo ɓiyde e ɓiɗɗo Ibrahim Abubakar waɗi kaaluji. Yero ɗon njaɓɓa ko'e maako, nden o ɗon suɓaa dow mawɗo Dikko Muhammadu Sada, on ɗon wondi deeriraawo Gidado. Abubakar boo haɓɓani Yero ngam mo ɗon wi'a mo ngam mbarugo Gidado. == Durbi == [[File:Sarakunan_Katsina_11.jpg|thumb]] Nde o janngini e nder saare mawnde, Dikko hokki "Karshi" (jo o wondi e gooto e ɓiyum ɓiyum) e Abubakar Dikko mo o wondi konu, o haɓɓi e nder konuji Katsina e Maradi, o heɓii yiɗde e yiɗde Abubakar, mo o waɗi mo Durbi (Sada maayi yeeso), ko woni ko baaba mum waɗi, o waɗi mo hooreejo diiwaan Mani. Ɗum wi'i ɗum waɗi caggal konu, Abubakar ɗon haani e hakkillo Dikko, haa o jeyaa turban maako ngam hokkude naamnal Durbi to Dikko. Ngam Durbi hokki Dikko ɓeydaaki ɓeydaago to amir, hokki mo baawɗe e daraja, ammaa o hokki mo hakkillaaji ɓeydaɗi, be konne'en, be bandiraaɓe keso. Nder yimɓe ɓe Dikko mari ɓernde e ɓe moolaaki bee maako ɗon Mallam Haruna, mo jannginoowo e mooloowo diga [[Kano]]-Bakashe (jo jooni nder [[Niiser|Niger]]), mo jooɗori nder Tsagero, gariiri ɓadi Katsina, to ɓiɓɓe Emir e mawɓe feere ɓe njahi ɓe njanngina, to Dikko boo ɓe njanngi. Dikko hokki mo hakkiilo jaɓugo konu ɗuɗɗum, o hokki mo kadi darnde ngam jaɓugo haɓre nder Kano, to ɗiɗo mo'oɓe, Tukur e Alu, ɗon haɓana ngam emirship. Dikko wi'ii o mari tagdi o warti hoore mum amiri, nden ɓeydaaki maako to laamu e ɓeydaago anndal maako wi'ii ɗum hawti amiri. Kaŋko Sad'a maayi, o umri Dikko o ɗowtana Abubakar. [[File:The_Emir_of_Katsena,_Magagin_on_his_right_and_district_headmen,_police_in_the_background.png|thumb|Emir Katsena e mawɓe nder hitaande 1911 to Katsina]] == Aadiyankooɓe e ƴettirde laamu == Nder lewru abriil 1903, konu Britaniya, ha hooreejo Lord [[Frederik Lugard, ko Baron Lugard gadano|Frederick Lugard]] wari haa dammuɗe [[Katsina]]. Nde ɓe ɗon njaɓɓi ɓurna Hausaland, hawti e [[Kano]] e Sokoto, laamorgo kalifaatoji ɗi Danfodio waɗi, Britaniyankooɓe ɓe njaɓɓi boo, Katsina hokki hoore mum. Ardeeji British'en waɗi haaluwol ngam emir Abubakar, mo hulani ɗum British'en waawi darnugo mo e jaajugo mo to o haawni ɓe, bana ɓe waɗi emirs'en feereeji nder laamuuji je ɓe laɓi, ammaa o ɗon yiɗataa ɓeydaago ɓe boo. Abubakar ɗon hawti bee ɓeydi ɓeydi limtinugo yimɓe Katsina, ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ɓeydi ngam ɓe ɗon haɓa ɓe ɗon haani ɓe ɗon haaki, ɓe ɗon wari ngam halki ardiwol jihad Dan Fodio. Ɗuum waɗi amirɗo hokki Dikko hooreejo maako e Britaniya'en, be mo ɗon laara ngam jammu maɓɓe e hokkugo limce. Abubakar ɗon mari laaɓal hoore mum, amma ɗon ɗon mari feere-feere e British e siyaasa maɓɓe. Yimɓe feere ɗon maɓɓina hokkiɗugo Dikko bana kuugal amir ngam yaasi hoore maako ngam yaaki hawtaade bee yimɓe Britaniya, ɓe ɗon boo ɗon ceede ngam ɗum woni kuugal amiri, ngam Dikko waaway ɓaŋgude yimɓe Britaniya'en, nden o waawaa naŋgugo, ngam o yaafana amir diga mooftaako maako. Ammaa, Dikko waɗi caɗeele ngam o yiɗi ɓernde yimɓe Britaani'en e heɓugo haalu maɓɓe. Britaani'en ɓe ɗon mari ɓernde booɗɗum bee Abubakar bana amir, ngam daliila hawtuki maako bee maɓɓe, bana bee semmbe mawɓe suudu e mawɓe ɓe ɗon mari dow maako, ngam maajum siyaasa maɓɓe dow laamu naaŋki ɗon nafata. Nder ɓaawo 1904, ɓe tawi ɓuuɓuɗo ɓuuɓum nder mayre R.E. Olivier, jooɗoɗo leydi Britaniya. Abubakar ɗon moodi, nden o ɗon moodi e nder [[Ilorin]] nder lewru Janaare 1905. [[File:Sarakunan_Katsina_05.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Dikko boowo to British Museum.]] Ngam ɓe yiɗi amiri gooduɗo gooduɗo ko'e mum, Yero, ɓiɗɗo amiri goomu Musa, mo hawri bee Abubakar, Britaniya'en mbi'i, ɓe ɗonno ɗonno ɗonna bee maɓɓe, nden ɓe ɗonno tokkaay bee ko'e maɓɓe boo. Olivier, ɗum wi'i o sirmini Yero wonde daga jooni fuu jaɓɓude e suɓaaji ɗi Britaniya'en haani jaɓugo, ammaa Yero ɗon ɓeyda Britaniya'e nden o ɗon yiɗi waɗugo ko o yiɗi. O wurtini mawɓe mawɓe, hawti e ɓiɓɓe Abubakar, o nastini ɓe bee yimɓe mo ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa e ɓe ɗon njaɓa mo. O naftiri boo suudu maako ngam o wurtina kiita ɗi Britaniya'en e kiita'en nokkuure nden hokki. Nder lewru feebariyee 1905, Olivier ɓe njaɓɓi mo, [[Riismond palmer|Herbert Richmond Palmer]] ɓe njaɓi to Katsina. Ɓaawo o wari, Palmer holli yiɗde maako ngam waɗugo laabi nder laamu kiita e haɓɓugo jeje, Yero hawti bee ɗum, o tokkii. Nder wakkati maajum, ɗon woodi ummatoore nder Sokoto, Palmer boo ɗonno o ɗonno yaaki to Kano. Kaŋko o dilli, o umri Yero o hoo'a ko o acci. Yero, ɗon tammi Britanniyanko'en ɗon njahi, o umri yimɓe maako ɓe ngaddanaago cuuɗi. Nde Britaniya'en ɓaawo nde, Palmer noddi Yero hokki yimɓe kuugal e kuuje ngam ɓe maɓɓina ko ɓe njaɓani, ammaa Yero e hooreejo mum ɗon njaɓɓa ɓe ngalaa. Nder wakkati maajum, Britaani'en ɓe ngiɗi ngam ɓe keɓa ngamji e konu, nden Palmer neli Dikko mo ɓe ɗon kuuwa to Agadez ngam ɓe ngurtina ɗum. Nde Dikko ɗon yaasi, nder lewru 9 Noofambar 1906, Palmer ɗon ɓeyda e kuugal Yero, o ɗon mo'a, o ɗon wi'a mo o walaa baawɗe e mo'a. Yero ɗon wurtina to Lokoja, Palmer anndini hokki Dikko darnde amiraji wakkatiire, koo nde o naa' o darii nder dandu Dallazawa. Yimɓe ɓe ɓe nganndi ɓe njaɓata laamu, hawti e Yarima (kooreejo laamu), ɓe njokki ngam ɓe mbaadi Dikko. Dikko wartii, o anndaa ko o ardii e laamu makko, o ɗon haa dammugal Kofar Sauri, to Katsina, nde goɗɗo ɓoggi mo, o ɗon yaha to maako, nde o hawti bee maako, o ɗon sujidana mo, o boowan mo nder no amiri tan ɗon sujidani, nden boo o ɗon toro Dikko bana "Sarki" Katsina. Dikko hawti e jokkondiral neɗɗo, o ƴami mo to o ɓeydi, ammaa neɗɗo on hokki mo haala dow Yero'en, e suɓugo maako bana emir. Dikko, mo hawti e nyau worm Guinea, waawataa jahugo dow dow, o waɗii laawol maako diga Agadez dow kamel, o fuɗɗii jooɗugo e saare maako haa Kofar Sauri, haa o hooti haa suudu laamorde ngam jaɓugo yimɓe. [[File:Sarakunan_Katsina_12.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Muhammad Dikko nder BBC]] Dikko huwti e yimɓe Britaniya wakkati o ɗon jeyaa emir, e nder 25 lewru Janaare 1907, ardiiɗo ardiiɗo lesdi Britaniya; William Wallace hokki Dicko anndal amir kesum Katsina. == Laamu (1906-1944) == Dikko hawti e haɓugo daga Dallazawa e yimɓe maɓɓe, ɓe ngi'i mo bana mo'o warɗo e mo'o ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe'e ɓe'e. Dikko ɓeydi darnde maako ngam o suɓii yimɓe maako ɗuuɗɓe haa kuugal mawɗo, hawti e Nyaako maako Mallam Haruna, mo suɓii Waziri arande (woondeejo) Katsina. Dikko boo ɓeydani bandiraawo maako bee mawɓe gariiri e mawɓe ngam ɓe hokki ɓiɓɓe maako rewɓe. Nder laamu Dikko, laabi feere feere fuɗɗi, ɗi hawti e haɓɓugo laabi feere-feere nder limce, e jaɓugo jaɓugo laamu, e ɓiɗɗo maako [[Usman Nagogo]] laati hooreejo polis 1929. Nagogo waɗi Magajin gari, hooreejo gari gari gari gari nder gariiri Katsina nder 1937, waɗi mo ɓurɗo ɓuwaaɓe mawɓe baaba maako. Fooyre mawnde feere fu fu fuɗɗii haɓɓugo ardiiɓe diiwaan, ɓe ɗon jooɗii nder Katsina, haa diiwaanuuji maɓɓe feere feere. Ɗuum darnde ɗon hawti e Dikko hoore maako, ngam Mallam Haruna, mo ɓurɗo ɓooyaago maako e ardiiɗo maako, ɓe ummanii mo dow dow dow lesdi, ɓe ndilli to Kaita, ɓe hokki Mallam Zayyana laamorde Waziri. Dikko maaki boo suudu ndun e maaki koolji Katsina, koolji ɗiɗawɗi nder lesdi Nigeria fuunaare nder hitaande 1922. Dikko ɓeydi jannginki jaŋde hirnaange, hokki feere nder ɓiɓɓe maako janngude nder laamu British, e ɓeydi ɓeydi yimɓe mawɓe waɗugo non boo. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ==firooji== ma7uhemqmy6qq4pjbw5kc3e0lbghld5 0 42896 177647 2026-07-01T05:39:41Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359791671|Dorugu]]" 177647 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorugu,''' '''Dyrregu''' ko '''James Henry Dorugu''', (c.1840 - 29 lewru Noofambar 1912) ko neɗɗo Hausa mo yahri nder Afrik e Orop, o wonnoo gooto e winndiiɓe defte Hausa arande ɗe wurtini nder Orop. Dorugu laati maccuɗo caggal nde o jeyaa nder nder nder maccuɓe dow laamu Damagaram, nden nder wakkati mo o ɓiydi, o jeyaa haa gollaaki man ɓe ardiiɓe Europe Adolf Overweg e Heinrich Barth. O ɗon yahda e Barth nder nder nder nder ɓurugo yahugo nder Afrik hirnaange e Sahel. Dorugu, bee goɗɗo mo Afriknaajo, Abbega, boo o wurtini Barth to Europe nder hitaande 1855. Wakkati nde Dorugu jooɗii nder Orop, o jeyaa to diina [[Kiristanci|Kiristan'en]]. O huwtori e James Frederick Schön, mo waɗi kuugal dow ɗemngal Hausa e aada, o waɗi gollaaku nder winnduki Magana Hausa, hawti e jaaynde Dorugu. Magana Hausa woni ɗemngal ngal fuɗɗii ɗemngal Hausa nden woni ɗemɗe ɗemngal e ɗemngal ummatoore. Dorugu wartii Afrik nder hitaande 1864 o laati fassara to [[Kano]], nden to Nassarawa, nder lesdi [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]]. O huwti bana haɓɓoowo hakkunde ardiiɓe Orop e Afrik haa maayde maako nder 1912. == Biography == === Ɓiɗɗo nder maccuɗo === Dorugu jibinaa ko 1839 walla 1840 nder wuro Dambanas nder diiwaan Kantché nder Niger hannde to wuro laatiiɗo, wuro laamu. O woodi go'oto e go'oto debbo. Baaba maako ɗon mawnina burooji e cotton, o ɗon fijirta tammi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Maama'en ɗon njahi ngam ɓe mbaawaay ɓe njaɓɓa nder nder nder maccuɓe jihadi'en. Ɓaawo maayde ɓiyum mawɗo e nder duuɓi 1840s, mammu maako boo o jeyaa e nder maccuɓe, ngam o ɗon hokkata gorko maako nyaamdu. O jeyaa e konuɓe daga nder diiwaan Kanem-Bornu.<ref name=":2" /> Dorugu e baaba maako ɓe njaɓɓi diga nder askaruuji ɗi sultan Damaragam waɗi. Fedde Kantché, to wuro Dambanas ɗo Dorugu jibini, haɓi nder nder nder warugo geopolitik nder caka 1800s. Nder wakkati Durugu fuɗɗii ɓiyde, nokkuure nden ɗon ɗaɓɓa ngam haɓɓugo hoore mum nder yaasi ɓeydaaki ngam yaaki hakkillaaji daga sultanatoji ɗiɗo, Kanem-Bornu e Damagaram. Mawɓe Kantché ɓe waɗi anniya ngam ɓe acca wuro Dambanas to sultanate Damaragam. Gaɗa wakkati seɗɗa, leydi Kantché fuu footi hokki hoore mum to sultanate Damagaram. [[File:Travels_and_discoveries_in_North_and_Central_Africa._From_the_journal_of_an_expedition_undertaken_under_the_auspices_of_H.B.M.'s_government,_in_the_years_1849-1855_(1859)_(14594431299).jpg|alt=Dessin sépia d'un grand espace rectangulaire limité par des constructions avec dessus des hommes habillés à l'orientale, des chevaux, des arbres et un puits.|left|thumb|Fedde ummatoore e Kukawa nder caka karnijum 19. ]] Duuɓi diga saare maako, Dorugu hooti haa gariiri Zinder, laamorgo sultanato Damaragam, to o jeyi e nder maccu. Darnde Dorugu ɗon haa daande ko'e man: nder wakkati maajum, ɗuuɗal mawɓe maccuɓe ɗon hawta bee jaaynde e nder lesdi Sahel. Mawɗo Dorugu hokki mo innde Barka Gan.<ref name=":0" /> O jeyaa ɓaawo to jaayndeere Arabji Afrik woyla nder [[Kukawa]], nder lesdi Naajeeriya hannde. Nder goomu keso, Dorugu heɓii hakke ɓaawo ngam gariiri ɗon hawta bee walluki ɓaawo ɗon, ngam ngam ngam maajum gardiiɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon laara gariiri. Ammaa, mawɓe maako ɗon hulɓe o warata, ngam maajum ɓe hokki Dorugu nder limce, ɓe kuuwi mo. <ref name=":3" /> === Lendooɓe e yimɓe Europe === [[File:Carte_d'une_partie_de_l'Afrique_centrale_indiquant_les_routes..._de_MM._Richardson,_Overweg_et_Barth_pendant_les_années_1851_et_1852..._d'après..._M._Aug._Petermann..._-_par_V._A._Malte-Brun_-_btv1b8468699d.jpg|alt=carte en français de l'Afrique centrale autour du lac Tchad, avec des territoires limités par des lignes de couleur, sur fond orange clair|thumb|Map of the journeys made by Richardson, Overweg et Barth in 1851-1852, Paris, 1854. BNF. Karte nden holli gariiri Zinder et [[Kukawa]] (ko ko winndaa Koukaoua).]] Ngam maajum, nde Dorugu woodi duuɓi 12, o ɗon wondi e Kukawa, laamorgo Kanem-Bornu. Nder hitaande 1851, mawɗo maako waɗi jaaynde maako to manjo Almaami Adolf Overweg, mo o hokki mo hakkilantaaku ngam hakkilantaago ngamji. Nder James Richardson e Heinrich Barth, Overweg wondi gooto e yimɓe tati ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe njiɗi nder lesdi Afrik, ɓe ɓe ɓe njogii nder lesdi [[Libiya|Libiyaa]]. Dorugu ɓaawo ɗon o wi'a dow no, o yi'ayayay goɗɗo laamiiɗo, o hulni dow ko Overweg warata nyaamugo mo. Ɗuum ɗon hawta bee stereotype yimɓe Afrik ɓe yimɓe Europe'en ɗon jogii wakkati oon, ɓe ɗon miijo ɓe ɗon waɗuki kuuɗe manjum.<ref name=":6" /> Overweg soodi Dorugu diga jaagorɗo maako, o hokki mo, o hokkii mo laamiiɗo maako, e hokki mo innde keso, Adam.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="119" href="./Europe" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Europe">Europe Travel Account<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;journal<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Journeys<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;volume<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;10<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;number<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;2<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;pages<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;1–30<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;1 December 2009<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;doi<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;10.3167/jys.2009.100201<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwArY\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt6\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" id=\"CITEREFJulia_Winckler2009\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Julia Winckler (1 December 2009). \"Regards croisés: James Henry Dorugu's Nineteenth-Century European Travel Account\". <i id=\"mwArc\">Journeys</i></nowiki>. <nowiki><b id=\"mwArg\">10</b></nowiki> (2): <nowiki><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwArk\">1–</span></nowiki>30. <nowiki><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"261\" href=\"./Doi_(identifier)\" id=\"mwAro\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a></nowiki>:<nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fjys.2009.100201\" id=\"mwArs\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">10.3167/jys.2009.100201</a></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Dorugu#cite_note-:0-1 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Nde Overweg maayi nder lewru Oktoobar 1852, Heinrich Barth hoo'i Dorugu, e maccuɗo goɗɗo Overweg bi'eteeɗo Abbega, nder kuugal maako. Barth ɗon tammi anndugo ɗemngal Hausa diga maɓɓe. Dorugu e Abbega yahdi duuɓi tati e Barth nder Afrika, ɓaawo ɓe yahdi e maako to Orop nder hitaande 1855.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Wolde Dorugu diga maccuɗo doole ɗum haani haani: nde o ɓiynoo o walaa bandiraaɓe, o majjini e baaba maako, o heɓay feere feere ngam o jooɗoto nder kuugal Barth, o jaɓa mo bana joomum. feeixhkq7tlsr1c6iwfwupm15pznzn5 177648 177647 2026-07-01T05:40:13Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dorugu,''' '''Dyrregu''' ko '''James Henry Dorugu''', (c.1840 - 29 lewru Noofambar 1912) ko neɗɗo Hausa mo yahri nder Afrik e Orop, o wonnoo gooto e winndiiɓe defte Hausa arande ɗe wurtini nder Orop. Dorugu laati maccuɗo caggal nde o jeyaa nder nder nder maccuɓe dow laamu Damagaram, nden nder wakkati mo o ɓiydi, o jeyaa haa gollaaki man ɓe ardiiɓe Europe Adolf Overweg e Heinrich Barth. O ɗon yahda e Barth nder nder nder nder ɓurugo yahugo nder Afrik hirnaange e Sahel. Dorugu, bee goɗɗo mo Afriknaajo, Abbega, boo o wurtini Barth to Europe nder hitaande 1855. Wakkati nde Dorugu jooɗii nder Orop, o jeyaa to diina [[Kiristanci|Kiristan'en]]. O huwtori e James Frederick Schön, mo waɗi kuugal dow ɗemngal Hausa e aada, o waɗi gollaaku nder winnduki Magana Hausa, hawti e jaaynde Dorugu. Magana Hausa woni ɗemngal ngal fuɗɗii ɗemngal Hausa nden woni ɗemɗe ɗemngal e ɗemngal ummatoore. Dorugu wartii Afrik nder hitaande 1864 o laati fassara to [[Kano]], nden to Nassarawa, nder lesdi [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]]. O huwti bana haɓɓoowo hakkunde ardiiɓe Orop e Afrik haa maayde maako nder 1912. == Biography == === Ɓiɗɗo nder maccuɗo === Dorugu jibinaa ko 1839 walla 1840 nder wuro Dambanas nder diiwaan Kantché nder Niger hannde to wuro laatiiɗo, wuro laamu. O woodi go'oto e go'oto debbo. Baaba maako ɗon mawnina burooji e cotton, o ɗon fijirta tammi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Maama'en ɗon njahi ngam ɓe mbaawaay ɓe njaɓɓa nder nder nder maccuɓe jihadi'en. Ɓaawo maayde ɓiyum mawɗo e nder duuɓi 1840s, mammu maako boo o jeyaa e nder maccuɓe, ngam o ɗon hokkata gorko maako nyaamdu. O jeyaa e konuɓe daga nder diiwaan Kanem-Bornu.<ref name=":2" /> Dorugu e baaba maako ɓe njaɓɓi diga nder askaruuji ɗi sultan Damaragam waɗi. Fedde Kantché, to wuro Dambanas ɗo Dorugu jibini, haɓi nder nder nder warugo geopolitik nder caka 1800s. Nder wakkati Durugu fuɗɗii ɓiyde, nokkuure nden ɗon ɗaɓɓa ngam haɓɓugo hoore mum nder yaasi ɓeydaaki ngam yaaki hakkillaaji daga sultanatoji ɗiɗo, Kanem-Bornu e Damagaram. Mawɓe Kantché ɓe waɗi anniya ngam ɓe acca wuro Dambanas to sultanate Damaragam. Gaɗa wakkati seɗɗa, leydi Kantché fuu footi hokki hoore mum to sultanate Damagaram. [[File:Travels_and_discoveries_in_North_and_Central_Africa._From_the_journal_of_an_expedition_undertaken_under_the_auspices_of_H.B.M.'s_government,_in_the_years_1849-1855_(1859)_(14594431299).jpg|alt=Dessin sépia d'un grand espace rectangulaire limité par des constructions avec dessus des hommes habillés à l'orientale, des chevaux, des arbres et un puits.|left|thumb|Fedde ummatoore e Kukawa nder caka karnijum 19. ]] Duuɓi diga saare maako, Dorugu hooti haa gariiri Zinder, laamorgo sultanato Damaragam, to o jeyi e nder maccu. Darnde Dorugu ɗon haa daande ko'e man: nder wakkati maajum, ɗuuɗal mawɓe maccuɓe ɗon hawta bee jaaynde e nder lesdi Sahel. Mawɗo Dorugu hokki mo innde Barka Gan.<ref name=":0" /> O jeyaa ɓaawo to jaayndeere Arabji Afrik woyla nder [[Kukawa]], nder lesdi Naajeeriya hannde. Nder goomu keso, Dorugu heɓii hakke ɓaawo ngam gariiri ɗon hawta bee walluki ɓaawo ɗon, ngam ngam ngam maajum gardiiɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon laara gariiri. Ammaa, mawɓe maako ɗon hulɓe o warata, ngam maajum ɓe hokki Dorugu nder limce, ɓe kuuwi mo. <ref name=":3" /> === Lendooɓe e yimɓe Europe === [[File:Carte_d'une_partie_de_l'Afrique_centrale_indiquant_les_routes..._de_MM._Richardson,_Overweg_et_Barth_pendant_les_années_1851_et_1852..._d'après..._M._Aug._Petermann..._-_par_V._A._Malte-Brun_-_btv1b8468699d.jpg|alt=carte en français de l'Afrique centrale autour du lac Tchad, avec des territoires limités par des lignes de couleur, sur fond orange clair|thumb|Map of the journeys made by Richardson, Overweg et Barth in 1851-1852, Paris, 1854. BNF. Karte nden holli gariiri Zinder et [[Kukawa]] (ko ko winndaa Koukaoua).]] Ngam maajum, nde Dorugu woodi duuɓi 12, o ɗon wondi e Kukawa, laamorgo Kanem-Bornu. Nder hitaande 1851, mawɗo maako waɗi jaaynde maako to manjo Almaami Adolf Overweg, mo o hokki mo hakkilantaaku ngam hakkilantaago ngamji. Nder James Richardson e Heinrich Barth, Overweg wondi gooto e yimɓe tati ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe njiɗi nder lesdi Afrik, ɓe ɓe ɓe njogii nder lesdi [[Libiya|Libiyaa]]. Dorugu ɓaawo ɗon o wi'a dow no, o yi'ayayay goɗɗo laamiiɗo, o hulni dow ko Overweg warata nyaamugo mo. Ɗuum ɗon hawta bee stereotype yimɓe Afrik ɓe yimɓe Europe'en ɗon jogii wakkati oon, ɓe ɗon miijo ɓe ɗon waɗuki kuuɗe manjum.<ref name=":6" /> Overweg soodi Dorugu diga jaagorɗo maako, o hokki mo, o hokkii mo laamiiɗo maako, e hokki mo innde keso, Adam.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="119" href="./Europe" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Europe">Europe Travel Account<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;journal<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Journeys<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;volume<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;10<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;number<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;2<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;pages<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;1–30<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;1 December 2009<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;doi<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;10.3167/jys.2009.100201<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwArY\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt6\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" id=\"CITEREFJulia_Winckler2009\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Julia Winckler (1 December 2009). \"Regards croisés: James Henry Dorugu's Nineteenth-Century European Travel Account\". <i id=\"mwArc\">Journeys</i></nowiki>. <nowiki><b id=\"mwArg\">10</b></nowiki> (2): <nowiki><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwArk\">1–</span></nowiki>30. <nowiki><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"261\" href=\"./Doi_(identifier)\" id=\"mwAro\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a></nowiki>:<nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fjys.2009.100201\" id=\"mwArs\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">10.3167/jys.2009.100201</a></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Dorugu#cite_note-:0-1 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Nde Overweg maayi nder lewru Oktoobar 1852, Heinrich Barth hoo'i Dorugu, e maccuɗo goɗɗo Overweg bi'eteeɗo Abbega, nder kuugal maako. Barth ɗon tammi anndugo ɗemngal Hausa diga maɓɓe. Dorugu e Abbega yahdi duuɓi tati e Barth nder Afrika, ɓaawo ɓe yahdi e maako to Orop nder hitaande 1855.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Wolde Dorugu diga maccuɗo doole ɗum haani haani: nde o ɓiynoo o walaa bandiraaɓe, o majjini e baaba maako, o heɓay feere feere ngam o jooɗoto nder kuugal Barth, o jaɓa mo bana joomum. ==firooji== 8d58146znwdzany19aau46iu3z6ycll 0 42897 177649 2026-07-01T05:41:46Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358620775|Dosunmu]]" 177649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dosunmu''' (c. 1823 - 1885), ko e nder defte British '''Docemo''', o laamani bana Oba Lagos gila 1853, nde o jeyaa baaba maako Oba [[Akitoye]], haa maayde maako nder 1885. O jeyaa e leydi Britaaniya nder lewru August 1861. == Jaɓɓorgo Kewuuji == Dosunmu'en ɓamtude dow laamiiɗo ɓillaama e aada ngam o laamaama Oba ngam Konsol Britaaniyanke to Lagos [[Benjamin Kambel (jogorɗo konsulaa)|Benjamin Campbell]] ɓaawo hawtaade Britaaniya nder haala Lagos ɓaawo Reduction of Lagos nder lewru Desemba 1851. Campbell anndini dow maayde Oba Akitoye dow 2 Septemba 1853 diga C.C. Gollmer, wakili CMS, ammaa o ɓornii anndal ngal diga ardiiɓe mawɓe, haa o ƴami ɓe koɗo warɗo Akitoye. Nder habaru, mawɓe ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa Dosunmu woni moodifaajo mo o jogii, nden kam Campbell hokki ɓe haala maayde Akitoye. Campbell waɗi hokki Dosunmu anndal dow hoɗugo maako to Obaship, ɓaawo ɗum hawtiti hawtuki hawtuki dow suudu. Nyannde caggal, Dosunmu anndini hooreejo leydi Lagos e o heɓii jaŋde 21 e nder laamu laamu leydi ndi. == Firoore e Kosoko == Dosunmu heɓi nyau "Kosoko" diga baaba maako (Akitoye) nder kosoko waɗi taadi hooreejo nder Epe bee konuɓe 400 (go hawti e Oshodi Tapa) e daga ton o wurtini Lagos bee huwugoji ɗuuɗɗi ɗi ɓadake Akitoye. Ko Kosoko waɗi saayinol dow kawtal Epe e 28 Septemba 1854 e konsole [[Benjamin Kambel (jogorɗo konsulaa)|Benjamin Campbell]], o jaɓii ngam taa waɗugo ko'e dow Lagos koo ngam haɗugo jaaynde nder Lagos. Kuftal ngal laati fotaaki ngam Kosoko, ngam o waɗi Britaniya'en ɓe anndi lesdi maako nder Epe. Nder fotoji mawɗi, boo, laamiiɗo Lagos ɗon haaje ngam Akitoye e ɓii Dosunmu ɗon ɓadake. Kosoko-Akitoye/Dosunmu hawti e nder fannu jawdi. Yimɓe mo'o ɓe Oba Dosunmu ɓe anndi naa' ɓe ma'ana be'i dow ɗo'o ɓe'o ɓe ɗon haadi e Lagos ɓaawo ɓe'e haɓɓiiɓe nder hitaande 1861 wakkati ɓe'e ɓe'e ko'e Kosoko ɓe'e huutoroo haade maɓɓe. Ɓeydi noon, e nder haala dow dow dow dow ko waɗii e hitaande 1854, Dosunmu hokki hakkillaaji jaaynde ngam doggol, ɗum ɓaawo ɗum o waawi hokki haala dow haala ka nder dooka 1861 ngam heɓugo pension ngal £1,000 hitaande. Ngam maajum, jawdi Oba'en ɓeydi, nden Kosoko e bandiraaɓe maako, ɓe walaa hakkiilo feere feere, ɓe ɓeydi. Lamu Kosoko hawti e worɓe bana Oshodi Tapa e [[Taiwo Olowo]] ɓe fuɗɗii hawtoreede e jaayndeeji Europe. Ha hooreejo do'a do'a Dosunmu ha dow jawdi ha hooreejo [[Apena Ajasa]] mo ɗon hawtana ha nder hawtaade e Taiwo Olowo. Nde Kosoko maayi, laamu koloniyaal maaki wonde ko'e maɓɓe ɓuri baawɗe e yimɓe 20,000. == Hokka Lagos to Ingilandi nder hitaande 1861 nder nder haɗde semmbe == Caggal ko Kosoko e Farayse'en ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon haɓɓoo e Wydah, go'oore waɗii ko Lord Palmerston (Premier Ministaare Britani) wi'i "ko'o ɗon mari wakkati ngam heɓugo protectorate Lagos". William McCoskry, Konsol ngal jogiiɗo nder Lagos e Komandantaar Bedingfield noddi kawtal e Oba Dosunmu e 30 lewru Yuli 1861 dow ''HMS Prometheus'' to ɗum holli yiɗi lesdi Britaniya nden ɓe yiɗi jaabol dow haalaji diga lewru August 1861. Dosunmu haɓɓi haala kaalis ngal, ammaa to dow haɗugo waɗugo kaalis dow Lagos e hooreejo Bedingfield, Dosunmu hokki hokki ɗum e saini kaalis ngal Lagos. == Wondiral bee Goobnoraaɗo Glover == Fuuɗe Faransije goɗɗe ɗe maayi ko'e maɓɓe nder jaayndeeji, ɓe waɗi dokke to Dosunmu, ngam ɓe ɗon ɗaɓɓa ɓernde maako ɗon hawta bee jooɗorde Britaniyaji nder Lagos, ɓe ɗon alkawi ɓe ɓe ɗon walli mo ngam ɓe ɗon maaro dow gomnaaru [[John Hawley Glover]]. Glover wurtini suɓaaji ɗi, o taƴi Dosunmu £ 50, o taƴii mo lebbi nayi. Dosunmu hawti naa' e yi'ugo Glover huutori Kosoko ngam haani mo. Darnde Dosunmu waɗi ngam Glover jogii dowol ɓurngal e kollitiiɓe Kosoko bana Oshodi Tapa mo Glover haani haani yeeso haɓɓuki kuugal ummaatoore e [[Taiwo Olowo]] mo Glover ɓesdi haɓɓuki jaaynde e jaaynde M. G.L. Gaiser. == Maayi e jawdi == Dosunmu maayi nder hitaande 1885 o heɓii laamu ɓiɗɗo maako Oba [[Oyekan mi|Oyekan I]]. Gooto nder ɓaawo maako woni Oloye [[Abiola Dosunmu]], Erelu Kuti nder Lagos. == Firooji == 4cr9dy2npzfo05becub7veevzhrqapt 177650 177649 2026-07-01T05:42:08Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dosunmu''' (c. 1823 - 1885), ko e nder defte British '''Docemo''', o laamani bana Oba Lagos gila 1853, nde o jeyaa baaba maako Oba [[Akitoye]], haa maayde maako nder 1885. O jeyaa e leydi Britaaniya nder lewru August 1861. == Jaɓɓorgo Kewuuji == Dosunmu'en ɓamtude dow laamiiɗo ɓillaama e aada ngam o laamaama Oba ngam Konsol Britaaniyanke to Lagos [[Benjamin Kambel (jogorɗo konsulaa)|Benjamin Campbell]] ɓaawo hawtaade Britaaniya nder haala Lagos ɓaawo Reduction of Lagos nder lewru Desemba 1851. Campbell anndini dow maayde Oba Akitoye dow 2 Septemba 1853 diga C.C. Gollmer, wakili CMS, ammaa o ɓornii anndal ngal diga ardiiɓe mawɓe, haa o ƴami ɓe koɗo warɗo Akitoye. Nder habaru, mawɓe ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa Dosunmu woni moodifaajo mo o jogii, nden kam Campbell hokki ɓe haala maayde Akitoye. Campbell waɗi hokki Dosunmu anndal dow hoɗugo maako to Obaship, ɓaawo ɗum hawtiti hawtuki hawtuki dow suudu. Nyannde caggal, Dosunmu anndini hooreejo leydi Lagos e o heɓii jaŋde 21 e nder laamu laamu leydi ndi. == Firoore e Kosoko == Dosunmu heɓi nyau "Kosoko" diga baaba maako (Akitoye) nder kosoko waɗi taadi hooreejo nder Epe bee konuɓe 400 (go hawti e Oshodi Tapa) e daga ton o wurtini Lagos bee huwugoji ɗuuɗɗi ɗi ɓadake Akitoye. Ko Kosoko waɗi saayinol dow kawtal Epe e 28 Septemba 1854 e konsole [[Benjamin Kambel (jogorɗo konsulaa)|Benjamin Campbell]], o jaɓii ngam taa waɗugo ko'e dow Lagos koo ngam haɗugo jaaynde nder Lagos. Kuftal ngal laati fotaaki ngam Kosoko, ngam o waɗi Britaniya'en ɓe anndi lesdi maako nder Epe. Nder fotoji mawɗi, boo, laamiiɗo Lagos ɗon haaje ngam Akitoye e ɓii Dosunmu ɗon ɓadake. Kosoko-Akitoye/Dosunmu hawti e nder fannu jawdi. Yimɓe mo'o ɓe Oba Dosunmu ɓe anndi naa' ɓe ma'ana be'i dow ɗo'o ɓe'o ɓe ɗon haadi e Lagos ɓaawo ɓe'e haɓɓiiɓe nder hitaande 1861 wakkati ɓe'e ɓe'e ko'e Kosoko ɓe'e huutoroo haade maɓɓe. Ɓeydi noon, e nder haala dow dow dow dow ko waɗii e hitaande 1854, Dosunmu hokki hakkillaaji jaaynde ngam doggol, ɗum ɓaawo ɗum o waawi hokki haala dow haala ka nder dooka 1861 ngam heɓugo pension ngal £1,000 hitaande. Ngam maajum, jawdi Oba'en ɓeydi, nden Kosoko e bandiraaɓe maako, ɓe walaa hakkiilo feere feere, ɓe ɓeydi. Lamu Kosoko hawti e worɓe bana Oshodi Tapa e [[Taiwo Olowo]] ɓe fuɗɗii hawtoreede e jaayndeeji Europe. Ha hooreejo do'a do'a Dosunmu ha dow jawdi ha hooreejo [[Apena Ajasa]] mo ɗon hawtana ha nder hawtaade e Taiwo Olowo. Nde Kosoko maayi, laamu koloniyaal maaki wonde ko'e maɓɓe ɓuri baawɗe e yimɓe 20,000. == Hokka Lagos to Ingilandi nder hitaande 1861 nder nder haɗde semmbe == Caggal ko Kosoko e Farayse'en ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon haɓɓoo e Wydah, go'oore waɗii ko Lord Palmerston (Premier Ministaare Britani) wi'i "ko'o ɗon mari wakkati ngam heɓugo protectorate Lagos". William McCoskry, Konsol ngal jogiiɗo nder Lagos e Komandantaar Bedingfield noddi kawtal e Oba Dosunmu e 30 lewru Yuli 1861 dow ''HMS Prometheus'' to ɗum holli yiɗi lesdi Britaniya nden ɓe yiɗi jaabol dow haalaji diga lewru August 1861. Dosunmu haɓɓi haala kaalis ngal, ammaa to dow haɗugo waɗugo kaalis dow Lagos e hooreejo Bedingfield, Dosunmu hokki hokki ɗum e saini kaalis ngal Lagos. == Wondiral bee Goobnoraaɗo Glover == Fuuɗe Faransije goɗɗe ɗe maayi ko'e maɓɓe nder jaayndeeji, ɓe waɗi dokke to Dosunmu, ngam ɓe ɗon ɗaɓɓa ɓernde maako ɗon hawta bee jooɗorde Britaniyaji nder Lagos, ɓe ɗon alkawi ɓe ɓe ɗon walli mo ngam ɓe ɗon maaro dow gomnaaru [[John Hawley Glover]]. Glover wurtini suɓaaji ɗi, o taƴi Dosunmu £ 50, o taƴii mo lebbi nayi. Dosunmu hawti naa' e yi'ugo Glover huutori Kosoko ngam haani mo. Darnde Dosunmu waɗi ngam Glover jogii dowol ɓurngal e kollitiiɓe Kosoko bana Oshodi Tapa mo Glover haani haani yeeso haɓɓuki kuugal ummaatoore e [[Taiwo Olowo]] mo Glover ɓesdi haɓɓuki jaaynde e jaaynde M. G.L. Gaiser. == Maayi e jawdi == Dosunmu maayi nder hitaande 1885 o heɓii laamu ɓiɗɗo maako Oba [[Oyekan mi|Oyekan I]]. Gooto nder ɓaawo maako woni Oloye [[Abiola Dosunmu]], Erelu Kuti nder Lagos. == Firooji == f58mx77cowp3cny64o1mntd0uig0lky 0 42898 177651 2026-07-01T05:43:52Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348386152|Shafi Edu]]" 177651 wikitext text/x-wiki Chief '''Shafi Lawal Edu''' Listenⓘ (7 janngo 1911 - 8 janngo 2002), anndiraaɗo e '''S.L. Edu''', wonnoo jaaynoowo, jaaynooɗo e jaaynoojo lesdi Naijeriya diga Epe, Lagos State. O waɗi lesdi Nigeria Conservation Fund, wonde goomu ngenndi e nder kuugal ngam hakkillooji, o wondi wonde wonde ardiiɗo kawtal lesdi lesdi lesdi ɗi hake ɓii Adama kadin taa peerootiral lesdi ɗi hakee e nder lesdi ɗi hakeee. == Laamu == Shafi Lawal Edu jibini ha 7 lewru 1 1911 e Epe, [[Lagos]] to saare Lawani Edu; inna maako woni Raliatu mo o debbo diina Musulmana. Jaŋde maako fuɗɗi bee jaŋde e janngude e janngirde Qur'aaniyankeere, ngam o jaŋda nder Jaŋde Jaŋde Muslim ha Epe. O timmini janngirde maako nder 1927 o laati jannginoowo nder suudu maako.<ref name=":1" /> Edu wari nder wuro laamiiɗo, ɓiyugo wuro [[Juulɓe|Muslim]]. Maama maako woni Buraimoh Edu, ''Mogaji'' Musulman mo ɓaawo ɗon o laati Baale Epe. Edu laamani hakkunde 1903 e 1917 e ina haani e nder leydi Epe. Edu wonnoo gooto e sukaaɓe ɓe ɓe yahdii Oba Kosoko to [[Lagos]] to Epe nder ɓaawo ɓeydaade konu British e jooɗorde Lagos e hitaande 1851. Edu maayi ha 8 Januuwar 2002, 24 waktuuji caggal nde o waɗi duuɓi 91. E nder no o yiɗi, Edu ɓaawo o haɓɓii nder leydi maako Epe e 9 lewru 1 2002. O waɗi kuugal e Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria, e ummaatoore duniyaaru. Kuugal maako ɗon hawta dow kuugal ummaatoore. Gila wakkati maako fu nder nokkuure gariiri Epe, Shafi Edu yahdi nder nder nder yahugo maako, o waɗi darnde mawnde e maral nder fannuuji jaayɗe, jaayɗe e siyasa, babal babal babal, jaayɗol, diina e jannguki. == Kuugal == Edu dilli janngude nder 1930 o fuɗɗi golle bana clerk to Africa Oil and Nuts Company, jaayɗe ɗe mari jokkondiral jaayɗe e Holland West Africa e o hawti e jaaynde e jaayndi e Epe. Nder 1933, o darni haa Apapa bana mawɗo jaayɗe e Holland West Africa. Nder 1945, o ɓeydi haa o jaɓɓi ardiiɓe. Bana mawɗo, o haɓɓiti cuuɗi maral ngal ngal ngal ngalolololol ngol e leydi Holandi e wallitude ngam ɓeydaade golle ɗen haa nder gure feere. Nde o anndi woodi fursatuuji ɗi ɓe mbaɗata nder nder nder nder suudu nder lesdi Naijeriya, o acci Holland West Africa Lines o waɗi jaayɗe maako. Ngam huutoreeɓe anndal maako nder nder nder nder suudu jaayɗe, o heɓii hoore maako nder jaayɗe e jaayɗe. Ɓaawo o ɓeydi feere nder kuuje e kuuje goɗɗe. Nder wakkati wara, o laati mawɗo nyaamdu ngam goomu, laamu, e jaayndi Europe. O ɗon ɓeyda nder kuugal naftoraaku nder kuugal ngam o huuwi bana jaɓowo ngam British Petroleum. Edu woni hooreejo British Petroleum, Nigeria nde firnde nden laamake e innde maako laamake to African Petroleum ngam laamu [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Obasanjo]]. Nder jokkondiral bee [[Talabi Braithwaite|T.A. Braithwaite]] e Munich Re-Insurance, o waɗi jaaynde jaaynde, African Alliance. Nder duuɓi 1950, Edu laati ardiiɗo suudu jaayɗe Lagos, nder maɓɓe ɓe ɗon jeyaaɓe nder lesdi, nden nder maɓɓe o anndini suudu jaayngal Irving e Bonnar, ɗon huwti bana suudu jaayde to jaayɗe jaayɗe ɗe ɗon ɗaɓɓita fursat nder lesdi. Nder Irving e Bonnar, o heɓii jooɗorde dow laamorde Blackwood Hodge Nigeria, laamorde naftoraade e elektriki, Haden Nigeria, e Glaxo Nigeria. O wonnoo boo ardiiɗo dowla dowla fedde fedde jaayndeeji nder hitaande 1954 haa 1959. Nder hitaande 1963, o suɓi hooreejo suudu jaaynde Lagos. Laddal Edu nder maayoji mawɗi maral fuɗɗii bana laamɓe lambi, jaayndiyanke nyaamdu, e jaayndiyaaɓe leɗɗe. O heɓii heɓuki nder kuuɗe. O ɓeydi ɓeydiino golle mum nder fuɗɗam duuɓi 1950 ngam hawtaade nokkuuje bana naati, ɗe o noddi Slee Transport Limited. Kampaani ɗo mari kuugal naftoraaku e jaɓɓorgo naftoraaku. Gila duuɓi 1950 haa fuɗɗam leydi arande, Slee Transport Limited laati mawɗo jaaynde mawɗo jaayɗe ngam British Petroleum. O ɗon haani ngam o ɗon haani yi'ugo ɓeydaago jawdi lesdi Nigeria, laamu, e haalde duniyaaru. Nigeriya ɗon haɓɓaa diga Commonwealth wakkati General [[Sani Abacha]] haɓɓii hooreejo lesdi boowal boowal ngam o ɗon hawta e suudu jaayɗe Commonwealth nder hooreejo hooreejo hooreeɓe Nigeria nder Royal Commonwealth Society nder duuɓi sappo. Edu laati mo'o mawɗo lesdi e mo'o politik lesdi Nigeria. Wurɓe maako nder siyasa fuɗɗi nder 1945, nde ɓe cuɓii mo ngam huuwugo bana gomɗinal forgo Baajo nder kawtal gariiri Epe. O suɓi haa o huuwani nder suudu mawɓe fedde nder hitaande 1952 haa o huuwi ɗum haa hitaande 1954. === Firo siyasa === Nder wakkati ɓaawo hooreejo leydi, Edu ɗon yiɗi ɓaawo ɓaawo ɓernde yimɓe lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya (NYM) bana mo ɗon jaɓɓa Jibril Martin, gooto nder ardiiɓe partiya nder suɓaaji 1943 . O jeyaa nder suudu jamirooje hirnaange nder hitaande 1951 nden o jeyaa ngam daraniiɓe Epe, o jeyaa semmbe maako dow kuuɗe feere feere. O haɓɓii Nigerian Conservation Foundation nder hitaande 1980. Gooto nder ɓiyum, Yomi Edu, laatii Ministaaɓe Kuugal Fuuta, diga dow [[Olusegun Obasanjo]]. Edu suɓii wonde laamɗo ngam daraniiɓe Bado ward nder kawtal diiwaan Epe nder hitaande 1945 e hakkunde hitaande 1952 haa 1954 o waɗi gollaade wonde darnde darnde dardaangal nder leydi Lagos nder leydi Nigeria. Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF) nder jokkondiral e Chevron Nigeria Limited (CNL) ɗon hokkata ceede kuugal kuugal kugal to yimɓe lesdi Naijeriya ɓe yiɗi waɗugo kuugal kuudi nder fannuuji je hawti e kuugal kuungal e nguurndam. Fedde nden ɗon haani ngam kuugal PhD. == Firooji == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fg496ie0bsfrzcz1vh3supz99jb5iet 177652 177651 2026-07-01T05:44:12Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Chief '''Shafi Lawal Edu''' Listenⓘ (7 janngo 1911 - 8 janngo 2002), anndiraaɗo e '''S.L. Edu''', wonnoo jaaynoowo, jaaynooɗo e jaaynoojo lesdi Naijeriya diga Epe, Lagos State. O waɗi lesdi Nigeria Conservation Fund, wonde goomu ngenndi e nder kuugal ngam hakkillooji, o wondi wonde wonde ardiiɗo kawtal lesdi lesdi lesdi ɗi hake ɓii Adama kadin taa peerootiral lesdi ɗi hakee e nder lesdi ɗi hakeee. == Laamu == Shafi Lawal Edu jibini ha 7 lewru 1 1911 e Epe, [[Lagos]] to saare Lawani Edu; inna maako woni Raliatu mo o debbo diina Musulmana. Jaŋde maako fuɗɗi bee jaŋde e janngude e janngirde Qur'aaniyankeere, ngam o jaŋda nder Jaŋde Jaŋde Muslim ha Epe. O timmini janngirde maako nder 1927 o laati jannginoowo nder suudu maako.<ref name=":1" /> Edu wari nder wuro laamiiɗo, ɓiyugo wuro [[Juulɓe|Muslim]]. Maama maako woni Buraimoh Edu, ''Mogaji'' Musulman mo ɓaawo ɗon o laati Baale Epe. Edu laamani hakkunde 1903 e 1917 e ina haani e nder leydi Epe. Edu wonnoo gooto e sukaaɓe ɓe ɓe yahdii Oba Kosoko to [[Lagos]] to Epe nder ɓaawo ɓeydaade konu British e jooɗorde Lagos e hitaande 1851. Edu maayi ha 8 Januuwar 2002, 24 waktuuji caggal nde o waɗi duuɓi 91. E nder no o yiɗi, Edu ɓaawo o haɓɓii nder leydi maako Epe e 9 lewru 1 2002. O waɗi kuugal e Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria, e ummaatoore duniyaaru. Kuugal maako ɗon hawta dow kuugal ummaatoore. Gila wakkati maako fu nder nokkuure gariiri Epe, Shafi Edu yahdi nder nder nder yahugo maako, o waɗi darnde mawnde e maral nder fannuuji jaayɗe, jaayɗe e siyasa, babal babal babal, jaayɗol, diina e jannguki. == Kuugal == Edu dilli janngude nder 1930 o fuɗɗi golle bana clerk to Africa Oil and Nuts Company, jaayɗe ɗe mari jokkondiral jaayɗe e Holland West Africa e o hawti e jaaynde e jaayndi e Epe. Nder 1933, o darni haa Apapa bana mawɗo jaayɗe e Holland West Africa. Nder 1945, o ɓeydi haa o jaɓɓi ardiiɓe. Bana mawɗo, o haɓɓiti cuuɗi maral ngal ngal ngal ngalolololol ngol e leydi Holandi e wallitude ngam ɓeydaade golle ɗen haa nder gure feere. Nde o anndi woodi fursatuuji ɗi ɓe mbaɗata nder nder nder nder suudu nder lesdi Naijeriya, o acci Holland West Africa Lines o waɗi jaayɗe maako. Ngam huutoreeɓe anndal maako nder nder nder nder suudu jaayɗe, o heɓii hoore maako nder jaayɗe e jaayɗe. Ɓaawo o ɓeydi feere nder kuuje e kuuje goɗɗe. Nder wakkati wara, o laati mawɗo nyaamdu ngam goomu, laamu, e jaayndi Europe. O ɗon ɓeyda nder kuugal naftoraaku nder kuugal ngam o huuwi bana jaɓowo ngam British Petroleum. Edu woni hooreejo British Petroleum, Nigeria nde firnde nden laamake e innde maako laamake to African Petroleum ngam laamu [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Obasanjo]]. Nder jokkondiral bee [[Talabi Braithwaite|T.A. Braithwaite]] e Munich Re-Insurance, o waɗi jaaynde jaaynde, African Alliance. Nder duuɓi 1950, Edu laati ardiiɗo suudu jaayɗe Lagos, nder maɓɓe ɓe ɗon jeyaaɓe nder lesdi, nden nder maɓɓe o anndini suudu jaayngal Irving e Bonnar, ɗon huwti bana suudu jaayde to jaayɗe jaayɗe ɗe ɗon ɗaɓɓita fursat nder lesdi. Nder Irving e Bonnar, o heɓii jooɗorde dow laamorde Blackwood Hodge Nigeria, laamorde naftoraade e elektriki, Haden Nigeria, e Glaxo Nigeria. O wonnoo boo ardiiɗo dowla dowla fedde fedde jaayndeeji nder hitaande 1954 haa 1959. Nder hitaande 1963, o suɓi hooreejo suudu jaaynde Lagos. Laddal Edu nder maayoji mawɗi maral fuɗɗii bana laamɓe lambi, jaayndiyanke nyaamdu, e jaayndiyaaɓe leɗɗe. O heɓii heɓuki nder kuuɗe. O ɓeydi ɓeydiino golle mum nder fuɗɗam duuɓi 1950 ngam hawtaade nokkuuje bana naati, ɗe o noddi Slee Transport Limited. Kampaani ɗo mari kuugal naftoraaku e jaɓɓorgo naftoraaku. Gila duuɓi 1950 haa fuɗɗam leydi arande, Slee Transport Limited laati mawɗo jaaynde mawɗo jaayɗe ngam British Petroleum. O ɗon haani ngam o ɗon haani yi'ugo ɓeydaago jawdi lesdi Nigeria, laamu, e haalde duniyaaru. Nigeriya ɗon haɓɓaa diga Commonwealth wakkati General [[Sani Abacha]] haɓɓii hooreejo lesdi boowal boowal ngam o ɗon hawta e suudu jaayɗe Commonwealth nder hooreejo hooreejo hooreeɓe Nigeria nder Royal Commonwealth Society nder duuɓi sappo. Edu laati mo'o mawɗo lesdi e mo'o politik lesdi Nigeria. Wurɓe maako nder siyasa fuɗɗi nder 1945, nde ɓe cuɓii mo ngam huuwugo bana gomɗinal forgo Baajo nder kawtal gariiri Epe. O suɓi haa o huuwani nder suudu mawɓe fedde nder hitaande 1952 haa o huuwi ɗum haa hitaande 1954. === Firo siyasa === Nder wakkati ɓaawo hooreejo leydi, Edu ɗon yiɗi ɓaawo ɓaawo ɓernde yimɓe lesdi lesdi lesdi lesdi Naajeeriya (NYM) bana mo ɗon jaɓɓa Jibril Martin, gooto nder ardiiɓe partiya nder suɓaaji 1943 . O jeyaa nder suudu jamirooje hirnaange nder hitaande 1951 nden o jeyaa ngam daraniiɓe Epe, o jeyaa semmbe maako dow kuuɗe feere feere. O haɓɓii Nigerian Conservation Foundation nder hitaande 1980. Gooto nder ɓiyum, Yomi Edu, laatii Ministaaɓe Kuugal Fuuta, diga dow [[Olusegun Obasanjo]]. Edu suɓii wonde laamɗo ngam daraniiɓe Bado ward nder kawtal diiwaan Epe nder hitaande 1945 e hakkunde hitaande 1952 haa 1954 o waɗi gollaade wonde darnde darnde dardaangal nder leydi Lagos nder leydi Nigeria. Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF) nder jokkondiral e Chevron Nigeria Limited (CNL) ɗon hokkata ceede kuugal kuugal kugal to yimɓe lesdi Naijeriya ɓe yiɗi waɗugo kuugal kuudi nder fannuuji je hawti e kuugal kuungal e nguurndam. Fedde nden ɗon haani ngam kuugal PhD. == Firooji == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 90i0tl7a4gwqkmtzpk6yuv439i8dqse 0 42899 177655 2026-07-01T05:47:21Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345733380|Eshugbayi Eleko]]" 177655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oba Eshugbayi Eleko''' (mo maayi 1932), ko '''''"Eleko of Eko"''''', woni Oba Lagos gila 1901 haa 1925, e 1931 haa 1932. Baaba maako o Oba Dosunmu. Eleko'en haɓre e jaalorgal kiita dow laamu koloniyaal Britian symbolinaaki haɓre hakkunde hakkeeji yimɓe e laamu koloniyaalu nder lesdi Nigeria. "Ngal ngal "Eleko Affair" waɗi Eleko'en ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe'e wonde Oba e ɓe ɓe ɓe njaɓaa Oyo hakkunde 1925 e 1931, duuɓi ɗi taariihalaaɓe woɓɓe noddi " duuɓi hakkunde laamu ", ɓe ɓe'en ɓe'e ɓe'e laamiiɓe Oba Ibikunle Akitoye (daga 1925 haa 1928) e Oba Sanusi Olusi (daga 1928 haa 1931). == Luttuɓe == Oba Eleko jeyaa Oba [[Oyekan mi|Oyekan I]] ha maayde Oyekan e hitaande 1901 nden, laamu British koloniyaal Lagos anndini mo e laamu [[Wiliyam Makgregor|William MacGregor]]. Yimɓe ɓe njokki Eleko ngam Obaship nder 1901 hawti e Jose Dawodu, Oduntan,<ref name="Folami-1" /> e Adamaja. == Eleko hawti e dowla leydi leydi Britaniya == Nder 1908, laamu koloniyaal Britian (Governator [[Walter Egerton]]) waɗi haɓɓuki ndiyam nder lambi nder Lagos (e costum £ 130,000) ngam ɓeydaago haalaji laaɓal e wi'i laagoosyankooɓe ɓe haani hokkude ceede ngam ndiyam. Oba Eleko hawti e laabi ngol, o wi'i Lagosians waawi wonki diga ndiyam well e wonki Europe'en nder Lagos ɓe yiɗi ndiyam ndiyam nder tuuba e wonki European'en haani hokki ngam laawol ndiyam. Ko adii e hawtuki Eleko, maɓɓuki Iju Waterworks fuɗɗi, e sakkitii, Oba Eleko waɗi protestji yimɓe 15,000 e nder wuro laamu Lagos. Woni ɓaawo protest e nder kawtal Europe e Lagos. Caɗeele kiisa ndiyam taƴii ardiiɓe Lagos haa ɓe ɗon jeyaa e laamu ([[Kitoye Ajasa|Kitoyi Ajasa]], Dr. [[John Randle (physician)|John Randle]], Dr. [[Orisadipe Obasa|Obasa]], [[Henri Rawlingson Karr|Henry Carr]], [[Kanndido Da Rocha|Candido da Rocha]], Chief Obanikoro, Chief Alli Balogun) e yimɓe ɓe ɗon jeya e laamu ([[Herbert Macaulay]], J. Began Benjamin, Dr. [[Kirispin Adeniyi-Jones|Adeniyi Jones]], Dr. Caulrick). Woɓɓe bana Dr. Obasa e Randle fuɗɗii nder suudu dowla, ammaa ɓe njogii ɓaawo ɓe njogini ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa ngam ɓe ɗon njaɓa ɓaawo ɓe ɗon njaɓɓina ɓe ɓe ɗon mbaɗa kuuɗe ɗe ɓe ɗon njaɓi haɓre.<ref name="Dele-Cole-2" /> Ɗuum hollitii nder film bi'ool 2019, The Herbert Macaulay Affair.[3]''Fedde Herbert Macaulay. '' == Eleko'en hawti e laamu dow suɓaaji e juulde Central Mosque == Ko'e caɗeele Oba Eleko feere e laamu koloniyaal hollitii nder hitaande 1919 nde Oba jaɓɓi darnde juulɓe 4 Jamat to balogun, Bashorun, Seriki Musillimi e Bey to Masjid Central. Ngomnati koloniyaal waɗi no Oba ɓurnoo ko o yiɗi, nden ngam ɗum waɗi ɗum haani ɗum haani haani ɗum waɗugo nder diina bee barka laamu. Dowla, nder ko waawi yi'ugo ngam ɓeydaaki ngam ɓaawo ɓaawo ɓesdaaki dow laawol ndiyam, ɓe njaɓaani ɓe anndini Oba nden ɓe ndilli dow ceede maako. Hakkiilo laamu to Oba Eleko ɓesdi mo e Lagosians; kuugal kalluɗum laamu koloniyaal waɗi ko ɓesdi ɓesdi Eleko ngam ardiiɓe nokkuuje e jaaynooɓe nokkuuje ɓe mbulni Eleko e jaaynde. Goobnore [[Hugh Clifford (gardiiɗo koloñaal)|Hugh Clifford]] ha ɓaawo nder hitaande hokki Oba Eshugbayi Eleko laamu. == "Ko Eleko Fake" == "Eleko Affair" hawti e Eleko's Staff of Office, Oluwa Land Case, e Eleko yaaki hokki hoore maako e hawtuki bee haala Herbert Macaulay nder London dow laamu koloniyaal nder Lagos. Ka ɓaawo sarde Herbert Macaulay to London ngam hooreejo [[Amodu Tijani Oluwa|Amodu Tijani]] (Oluwa Lagos) dow haala Oluwa Land, laamu koloniyaal heɓii anndal dow Macaulay yiɗi yahugo yimɓe Oba to maako, amma ɓe tawiiɓe ɓe walaa. Ɗuum waɗi ngam ɗum ɓoydi nder ɓandu Adamaja gooto (ko o waɗii ko o wi'i o o o o'o'o'a Lagos) dow umroore [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] mo o jaɓɓi Adamaja nder hitaande 1900. Macaulay wi'i o haɓɓii ɓandu Adamaja nder jemma bee ɓandu maako (ko Lawani Kafo), o haɓɓiti ɓandu nden o suuɗi ɓandu maako nder suudu maako nder Kristen Hall (go wuro Macaulay) haa 1919 nde o hokki ɗum to jaajorɗo Awoona Renner, mo hawti bee Macaulay e hooreejo Amodu Tijani (Oluwa Lagos) nder Accra nder laawol maɓɓe to London. E nder accra meeting, Macaulay walliti laamu koloniyaaku ngam heɓugo laawol maako dow karallaagal Oba's Staff of Office.<ref name="Dele-Cole-1" /> Nde Macaulay wonnoo London, o holli laamu koloniyaal Lagos ngam o holli Eleko Eshugbayi woni hooreejo miliyon 17 Nigeria'en e Eleko, baaba maako (Oba [[Dosunmu]]) hokki Lagos to Inglesiya'en e nder Lislaam Ceesiyon nder hitaande 1861, o heɓii ceede ɓurɗe jeyeede nder lesdi Europe.<ref name="Dele-Cole-1" /> Macaulay boo anndini wonde to Dosunmu ɓe alkawi ɓe heɓan ceede ɓooyɗe e ceede ɓooyaare, ɓe mbaɗataako alkawal ngal, nden bana hitaande 1920, ceede ɓoyɗe lesdi Nigeria waɗi £4 million! Macaulay yiɗi ɓeydude wi'ugo Eleko woni "Negro mawɗo" nder jonta ko ɓuri ɓurɗe tati nder lesdi Great Britain.<ref name="Dele-Cole-1" /> Dowla koloniyaal ɗon mari ɓernde e maɓɓina ɗum bana Eleko woni laamiiɗo lesdi lesdi Nigeria fuu. Ngam maajum, laamu ƴami Eleko ngam o wurtina haala Macaulay. Eleko, ha bayli, waɗi habaru habaru ngam taƴugo bolle Macaulay amma laamu naa'a hawti. O yiɗi ɓe Eleko'en ɓe ɗon ɓooya ngam ɓe ɗon haɓɓa dow [[Henri Rawlingson Karr|Henry Carr]], jooɗoɗo nder Lagos Colony, ko Oba Eshugbayi ɗon haɓɓa. Laamu koloniyaal ngal fuɗɗii haɓɓugo ceede Oba e jaɓɓugo anndal laamu.<ref name="Dele-Cole-1" /> bzf1htn695td37botd09wiahe33ad1o 177656 177655 2026-07-01T05:47:48Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}6 '''Oba Eshugbayi Eleko''' (mo maayi 1932), ko '''''"Eleko of Eko"''''', woni Oba Lagos gila 1901 haa 1925, e 1931 haa 1932. Baaba maako o Oba Dosunmu. Eleko'en haɓre e jaalorgal kiita dow laamu koloniyaal Britian symbolinaaki haɓre hakkunde hakkeeji yimɓe e laamu koloniyaalu nder lesdi Nigeria. "Ngal ngal "Eleko Affair" waɗi Eleko'en ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe'e wonde Oba e ɓe ɓe ɓe njaɓaa Oyo hakkunde 1925 e 1931, duuɓi ɗi taariihalaaɓe woɓɓe noddi " duuɓi hakkunde laamu ", ɓe ɓe'en ɓe'e ɓe'e laamiiɓe Oba Ibikunle Akitoye (daga 1925 haa 1928) e Oba Sanusi Olusi (daga 1928 haa 1931). == Luttuɓe == Oba Eleko jeyaa Oba [[Oyekan mi|Oyekan I]] ha maayde Oyekan e hitaande 1901 nden, laamu British koloniyaal Lagos anndini mo e laamu [[Wiliyam Makgregor|William MacGregor]]. Yimɓe ɓe njokki Eleko ngam Obaship nder 1901 hawti e Jose Dawodu, Oduntan,<ref name="Folami-1" /> e Adamaja. == Eleko hawti e dowla leydi leydi Britaniya == Nder 1908, laamu koloniyaal Britian (Governator [[Walter Egerton]]) waɗi haɓɓuki ndiyam nder lambi nder Lagos (e costum £ 130,000) ngam ɓeydaago haalaji laaɓal e wi'i laagoosyankooɓe ɓe haani hokkude ceede ngam ndiyam. Oba Eleko hawti e laabi ngol, o wi'i Lagosians waawi wonki diga ndiyam well e wonki Europe'en nder Lagos ɓe yiɗi ndiyam ndiyam nder tuuba e wonki European'en haani hokki ngam laawol ndiyam. Ko adii e hawtuki Eleko, maɓɓuki Iju Waterworks fuɗɗi, e sakkitii, Oba Eleko waɗi protestji yimɓe 15,000 e nder wuro laamu Lagos. Woni ɓaawo protest e nder kawtal Europe e Lagos. Caɗeele kiisa ndiyam taƴii ardiiɓe Lagos haa ɓe ɗon jeyaa e laamu ([[Kitoye Ajasa|Kitoyi Ajasa]], Dr. [[John Randle (physician)|John Randle]], Dr. [[Orisadipe Obasa|Obasa]], [[Henri Rawlingson Karr|Henry Carr]], [[Kanndido Da Rocha|Candido da Rocha]], Chief Obanikoro, Chief Alli Balogun) e yimɓe ɓe ɗon jeya e laamu ([[Herbert Macaulay]], J. Began Benjamin, Dr. [[Kirispin Adeniyi-Jones|Adeniyi Jones]], Dr. Caulrick). Woɓɓe bana Dr. Obasa e Randle fuɗɗii nder suudu dowla, ammaa ɓe njogii ɓaawo ɓe njogini ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon njaɓɓa ngam ɓe ɗon njaɓa ɓaawo ɓe ɗon njaɓɓina ɓe ɓe ɗon mbaɗa kuuɗe ɗe ɓe ɗon njaɓi haɓre.<ref name="Dele-Cole-2" /> Ɗuum hollitii nder film bi'ool 2019, The Herbert Macaulay Affair.[3]''Fedde Herbert Macaulay. '' == Eleko'en hawti e laamu dow suɓaaji e juulde Central Mosque == Ko'e caɗeele Oba Eleko feere e laamu koloniyaal hollitii nder hitaande 1919 nde Oba jaɓɓi darnde juulɓe 4 Jamat to balogun, Bashorun, Seriki Musillimi e Bey to Masjid Central. Ngomnati koloniyaal waɗi no Oba ɓurnoo ko o yiɗi, nden ngam ɗum waɗi ɗum haani ɗum haani haani ɗum waɗugo nder diina bee barka laamu. Dowla, nder ko waawi yi'ugo ngam ɓeydaaki ngam ɓaawo ɓaawo ɓesdaaki dow laawol ndiyam, ɓe njaɓaani ɓe anndini Oba nden ɓe ndilli dow ceede maako. Hakkiilo laamu to Oba Eleko ɓesdi mo e Lagosians; kuugal kalluɗum laamu koloniyaal waɗi ko ɓesdi ɓesdi Eleko ngam ardiiɓe nokkuuje e jaaynooɓe nokkuuje ɓe mbulni Eleko e jaaynde. Goobnore [[Hugh Clifford (gardiiɗo koloñaal)|Hugh Clifford]] ha ɓaawo nder hitaande hokki Oba Eshugbayi Eleko laamu. == "Ko Eleko Fake" == "Eleko Affair" hawti e Eleko's Staff of Office, Oluwa Land Case, e Eleko yaaki hokki hoore maako e hawtuki bee haala Herbert Macaulay nder London dow laamu koloniyaal nder Lagos. Ka ɓaawo sarde Herbert Macaulay to London ngam hooreejo [[Amodu Tijani Oluwa|Amodu Tijani]] (Oluwa Lagos) dow haala Oluwa Land, laamu koloniyaal heɓii anndal dow Macaulay yiɗi yahugo yimɓe Oba to maako, amma ɓe tawiiɓe ɓe walaa. Ɗuum waɗi ngam ɗum ɓoydi nder ɓandu Adamaja gooto (ko o waɗii ko o wi'i o o o o'o'o'a Lagos) dow umroore [[Christopher Sapara Williams]] mo o jaɓɓi Adamaja nder hitaande 1900. Macaulay wi'i o haɓɓii ɓandu Adamaja nder jemma bee ɓandu maako (ko Lawani Kafo), o haɓɓiti ɓandu nden o suuɗi ɓandu maako nder suudu maako nder Kristen Hall (go wuro Macaulay) haa 1919 nde o hokki ɗum to jaajorɗo Awoona Renner, mo hawti bee Macaulay e hooreejo Amodu Tijani (Oluwa Lagos) nder Accra nder laawol maɓɓe to London. E nder accra meeting, Macaulay walliti laamu koloniyaaku ngam heɓugo laawol maako dow karallaagal Oba's Staff of Office.<ref name="Dele-Cole-1" /> Nde Macaulay wonnoo London, o holli laamu koloniyaal Lagos ngam o holli Eleko Eshugbayi woni hooreejo miliyon 17 Nigeria'en e Eleko, baaba maako (Oba [[Dosunmu]]) hokki Lagos to Inglesiya'en e nder Lislaam Ceesiyon nder hitaande 1861, o heɓii ceede ɓurɗe jeyeede nder lesdi Europe.<ref name="Dele-Cole-1" /> Macaulay boo anndini wonde to Dosunmu ɓe alkawi ɓe heɓan ceede ɓooyɗe e ceede ɓooyaare, ɓe mbaɗataako alkawal ngal, nden bana hitaande 1920, ceede ɓoyɗe lesdi Nigeria waɗi £4 million! Macaulay yiɗi ɓeydude wi'ugo Eleko woni "Negro mawɗo" nder jonta ko ɓuri ɓurɗe tati nder lesdi Great Britain.<ref name="Dele-Cole-1" /> Dowla koloniyaal ɗon mari ɓernde e maɓɓina ɗum bana Eleko woni laamiiɗo lesdi lesdi Nigeria fuu. Ngam maajum, laamu ƴami Eleko ngam o wurtina haala Macaulay. Eleko, ha bayli, waɗi habaru habaru ngam taƴugo bolle Macaulay amma laamu naa'a hawti. O yiɗi ɓe Eleko'en ɓe ɗon ɓooya ngam ɓe ɗon haɓɓa dow [[Henri Rawlingson Karr|Henry Carr]], jooɗoɗo nder Lagos Colony, ko Oba Eshugbayi ɗon haɓɓa. Laamu koloniyaal ngal fuɗɗii haɓɓugo ceede Oba e jaɓɓugo anndal laamu.<ref name="Dele-Cole-1" /> ==firooji== 62nimjoxdzs2fmk38oospem807y8eue 0 42900 177659 2026-07-01T05:50:46Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346672905|Albert Ehrhardt]]" 177659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albert F. Erhardt''' (1862 - 30 August 1929) wonnoo jaajotooɗo, laamɗo, e jaajotoojo leydi Ingilandi. Erhardt jaɓi jaŋde Worcester College, Oxford nder hitaande 1885 e jaŋde Classics. O fuɗɗi gollaade Law nder hitaande 1889, haa o hawti nder kuugal koloniya nder hitaande 1896 bana Komisaaru Districts of [[Lagos]], jooni nder lesdi [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]]. O fuɗɗii warugo jooɗiiɗo Ibadan, e hooreejo laamorde e laamorde Lagos (o jeyaa [[F. C. Fuller]], e hitaande 1902). Nder lewru feebariiru 1903 o laati hooreejo leydi Fiji, o waɗi gollal haa hitaande 1914. Nder wakkati maajum o jeyaa e nder Sir Charles Major, hooreejo leydi Fiji e hooreejo lesdi lesdi Pacific, diga 1910 haa 1911, wakkati Major jeyaa e hooreejo leydi Fiji e hooreejo leyɗe Pacific. Nder kuugal maako bana hooreejo leydi, o waɗi boo nder Kawtal Kuuɓal e Kawtal Laawɗingo. Nder 1914, o wartii nder Afrika bana laamiiɗo nder Protectorate Afrik fuɗnaange British. Ko o waɗii ko o waɗii, nder hitaande 1920, o waɗi gollal jaayndeejo to suudu koloniya.{{S-start}} {{s-legal}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Attorney-General of Fiji]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Acting<br>[[Chief Judicial Commissioner for the Western Pacific]]}} {{S-aft}} |- {{S-ttl|title=Acting<br>[[Chief Justice of Fiji]]}} {{S-end}} == Firooji == 8npnifsyr2notque877jftve95r7y60 177660 177659 2026-07-01T05:51:01Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Albert F. Erhardt''' (1862 - 30 August 1929) wonnoo jaajotooɗo, laamɗo, e jaajotoojo leydi Ingilandi. Erhardt jaɓi jaŋde Worcester College, Oxford nder hitaande 1885 e jaŋde Classics. O fuɗɗi gollaade Law nder hitaande 1889, haa o hawti nder kuugal koloniya nder hitaande 1896 bana Komisaaru Districts of [[Lagos]], jooni nder lesdi [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]]. O fuɗɗii warugo jooɗiiɗo Ibadan, e hooreejo laamorde e laamorde Lagos (o jeyaa [[F. C. Fuller]], e hitaande 1902). Nder lewru feebariiru 1903 o laati hooreejo leydi Fiji, o waɗi gollal haa hitaande 1914. Nder wakkati maajum o jeyaa e nder Sir Charles Major, hooreejo leydi Fiji e hooreejo lesdi lesdi Pacific, diga 1910 haa 1911, wakkati Major jeyaa e hooreejo leydi Fiji e hooreejo leyɗe Pacific. Nder kuugal maako bana hooreejo leydi, o waɗi boo nder Kawtal Kuuɓal e Kawtal Laawɗingo. Nder 1914, o wartii nder Afrika bana laamiiɗo nder Protectorate Afrik fuɗnaange British. Ko o waɗii ko o waɗii, nder hitaande 1920, o waɗi gollal jaayndeejo to suudu koloniya.{{S-start}} {{s-legal}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Attorney-General of Fiji]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Acting<br>[[Chief Judicial Commissioner for the Western Pacific]]}} {{S-aft}} |- {{S-ttl|title=Acting<br>[[Chief Justice of Fiji]]}} {{S-end}} == Firooji == l4vb459ndlsu1zzpcrw7y7fgka7shh4 0 42901 177661 2026-07-01T05:52:22Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354359229|Moses Orimolade Tunolase]]" 177661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moses Orimolade Tunolase''' (1875-1933) woni mo fuɗɗiiɗo ɓamtaare lesdi fuɗɗiiɓe walla Afrikɓe, anndiraaɓe bana White Garment Churches, Ordinal Ceniiɗo Ceniiɗo cherubim e Seraphim, ɗum haɓɓii nder 1925. Koololol ngol jibini diga jama'aare Anglican nder [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yimɓe Yoruba]] nder hirnaange [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]]. == Taariiha == Moses Orimolade Tunolase jibinaa nder 1879 nder saare laamiiɗo Ayibiri nder gariiri Okorun nder gariiri Yoruba Ikare-Akoko nder lesdi Ondo nder lesdi Naijeriya. Orimolade no ɓeydi ɓikkoy ɗuuɗal footi yahugo diga ɓiyde, ammaa baaba maako ɗon nana ɗum, o hooti ɓiy maako to gooduɗo leɗɗe, ɗum waɗi o maayi naftoraago koyɗe maako. Mawɓe maako njaari mo haa Cakkirol Angilikan St. Stephen, ko ɗum tan woni cukalel nder Ikare saa'i maajum. Orimolade ɗon laatina nder cellal diina nder suudu diina (Society Missionary) ngal. Ɓaawo, Muusa wi'i o waɗii kuuje feere feere e kootoyji annabo'en dow kuuje ɗe haala nduumiiɗe. Orimolade fuɗɗi kuuɗe mum nder misiyonaare bana waajotooɗo nder Ikare (ko wuro maako nder lesdi Yoruba) walaa jaŋde, ɓurna fuu o ɗon yiɗi yimɓe je ɗon mawnina. === Egbe Aladura === Yimɓe Afrik ɓe njaɓɓi goonɗinal kiristaaku ngam yimɓe Church Missionary Society for the Anglican Church ɓe njokki Bibel. Goɗɗe nder hakkilantaaku duuniyaaru fuɗnaange fuɗnaango e ko'e moral Europe'en ɗon hawta bee tagdi e aada yimɓe Afrik. Fuuji ɗi Ruuhu Ceniiɗo hokki nder yimɓe afriknaaɓe ɓe ɓe njaɓa Allah, misiyoner'en ɓe faami ɗum boo ɓe mbi'i ɗum voodoo afriknaajo. Luttugol pooligam fuɗɗii, ngam maajum ɓiɓɓe ɗi'e nder dewte afrik'en ɗi'e fuɗɗii. Ngam ɗemɗe afriknaaje ɗe ɓe mbiyi defte ɗe ɗon haaje, yimɓe afriknaaje njokki Bibel, ɓe mbelti hakkillo maɓɓe dow barko'en e barko'e. Yimɓe Afrik njaɓii boɗeeji, ɓooyi, e yiɗde ngam mawnugo, ammaa ɗum waɗi ko hawti misiyonnaaɓe e no ɓe njogii nder Europe. Hakkiilo nder faamuji dow hollaago diina waɗi haɓaade e hawtaade hakkunde misiyonnaaɓe e ardiiɓe Afrik nder diina Angilika. Wondugo mawɓe missionaries dow ɓurgal hakkilantaaku diina kiristaana nder Europe hokki ɓe hakkilantaaki hooreejo Afrik hakkki ngam heɓugo bishop [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]], ɓe acci yimɓe Afrik nder diina Anglican ɓe ɗon mari ɓaawo e ɓe ɗon mari. Ngam jaɓugo, yimɓe fuɗɗi mooɓtugo nder kuuje do'aare bi'eteeɗe ''Egbe Aladura''. Aladura'en ɗon ɓesda bee anndingo baawɗe do'a ngam yamɗita. Nde nyau nyau nyau nder 1918 yaajiri nder Afrik hirnaange yimɓe ɗaɓɓiti yamiroore nder Aladuras. Fuuji e warugo yimɓe lesdi Naijeriya ɗuuɗɓe nder Aladuras wakkati nyau nyau ɓesngu Espaañ waɗi ɓe ɓeydaaki e ɓesnguɓe yimɓe ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon waɗa do'aare nder fuɗɗam duuɓi 1920. Moses Orimolade wari Lagos ha 12 Luuta 1924, o jooɗoti nder Church of Holy Trinity (Anglican) bee Sexton Church, Emmanuel Olumodeji diga wuro maako. O fuɗɗi waajugo e do'aago ngam yimɓe nder Lagos nder lesdi Nigeria. Yimɓe ɗuɗɓe nder nder e nder Dunyaaji Allah e nder nder nder dunyaaji Allah ɓe ɗaɓɓiti Orimolade ngam ɓe ɗaɓɓita ko Allah yiɗi e ngam ɓe njottina. O waɗi anndal ngam o waajotoo e do'aare masin, o anndini yimɓe "''Baba Aladura''" (Baaba mo do'a). Ɓuɗuki e annduki Musa Orimolade naa' ɓe jaɓii nder ardiiɓe Angilika'en e waɗi ɓe njogii mo daga suudu Trinite Ceniiɗo nder 11 Septemba 1924. Ɗu'um waɗi yimɓe nder eklesiya e nder nokkuuje woɗɗi ɓe ɗon nana bana maako. Ɓe tokki Orimolade diga Trinity Ceniiɗo nden caggal maajum haa nokkuuje maako. Orimolade noddi yimɓe ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa e ɓe ɗon haani "Aladura Band" nden o tokki waajugo e do'aare bee maɓɓe. === Duuɗugo e Angilika'en === Nder 18 lewru Juun 1925, Aladura Band nodditii ngam kisndugo debbo Methodist mo ɓalli, Abiodun Akinsowon, mo ɓalli haa nder ɓalli nde o ɗaɓɓi yi'ugo nder ko'e limce ɗe ardiiɗo ardiiɓe katoliki'en ɗon haɓɓo nder ''Corpus Christi''. Abiodun jooɗii nder nder nder ɓernde ngam balɗe 21 nder hakkilantaaku band Aladura. O heɓii anndal caggal balɗe 21 o jokki band Aladura. O laati arandeejo arandeejo nder band. Innde bandol ngol waylitii nder Seraph Band 9 Septemba 1925 e Moses Orimolade. Ko ɓeydani cherubim nder innde nden ɓeydani ɗum dow umroore ruuhu dow 26 mars 1926 ngam holla ko kerubim e seraphim nder asama. Band ngal fuɗɗii wonde e golle haa fuɗɗam hitaande 1925. Moses Orimolade laamani bana Foonduɗo e hooreejo Ruuhu ndu'u band diga 1925 haa 1933. === Cendi === Abiodun Akinsowon o ardii ko yimɓe bandol ɓe ɗon yahda nder nder lesdi Lagos haa hirnaange. O neldi ngam o nastina ɓurɗe ɓurɗe fuɗɗugo band nder hirnaange Nigeria. O heɓii "Captain Abiodun" nder band. O yiɗi mo Moses Orimolade e yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nder bandol. Abiodun Akinsowon ɗon yahda bee Moses Orimolade nder kuugal haaki ngam haani yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nder bandol. Ammaa, ɓe anndini mo yaaki nder band nder 1929 ngam o nastina Cerubi e Seraphim Society caggal nde o sakkitii Moses Orimolade ngam o haɓɓa gollaaku suudu mawɗo debbo (Iya Ijesha) mo o warti nder band. Mawɓe Conference hirnaange band ngal holli hoore mum e ɓe waɗi Orde Ceniiɗo Cherubim e Seraphim caggal ko ɓe ɗaɓɓiti ngam hawtaade Abiodun Akinsowon e Moses Orimolade. q4bibx2zbd2p9wdt2wn8wia87ad1tso 177662 177661 2026-07-01T05:52:42Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moses Orimolade Tunolase''' (1875-1933) woni mo fuɗɗiiɗo ɓamtaare lesdi fuɗɗiiɓe walla Afrikɓe, anndiraaɓe bana White Garment Churches, Ordinal Ceniiɗo Ceniiɗo cherubim e Seraphim, ɗum haɓɓii nder 1925. Koololol ngol jibini diga jama'aare Anglican nder [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yimɓe Yoruba]] nder hirnaange [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]]. == Taariiha == Moses Orimolade Tunolase jibinaa nder 1879 nder saare laamiiɗo Ayibiri nder gariiri Okorun nder gariiri Yoruba Ikare-Akoko nder lesdi Ondo nder lesdi Naijeriya. Orimolade no ɓeydi ɓikkoy ɗuuɗal footi yahugo diga ɓiyde, ammaa baaba maako ɗon nana ɗum, o hooti ɓiy maako to gooduɗo leɗɗe, ɗum waɗi o maayi naftoraago koyɗe maako. Mawɓe maako njaari mo haa Cakkirol Angilikan St. Stephen, ko ɗum tan woni cukalel nder Ikare saa'i maajum. Orimolade ɗon laatina nder cellal diina nder suudu diina (Society Missionary) ngal. Ɓaawo, Muusa wi'i o waɗii kuuje feere feere e kootoyji annabo'en dow kuuje ɗe haala nduumiiɗe. Orimolade fuɗɗi kuuɗe mum nder misiyonaare bana waajotooɗo nder Ikare (ko wuro maako nder lesdi Yoruba) walaa jaŋde, ɓurna fuu o ɗon yiɗi yimɓe je ɗon mawnina. === Egbe Aladura === Yimɓe Afrik ɓe njaɓɓi goonɗinal kiristaaku ngam yimɓe Church Missionary Society for the Anglican Church ɓe njokki Bibel. Goɗɗe nder hakkilantaaku duuniyaaru fuɗnaange fuɗnaango e ko'e moral Europe'en ɗon hawta bee tagdi e aada yimɓe Afrik. Fuuji ɗi Ruuhu Ceniiɗo hokki nder yimɓe afriknaaɓe ɓe ɓe njaɓa Allah, misiyoner'en ɓe faami ɗum boo ɓe mbi'i ɗum voodoo afriknaajo. Luttugol pooligam fuɗɗii, ngam maajum ɓiɓɓe ɗi'e nder dewte afrik'en ɗi'e fuɗɗii. Ngam ɗemɗe afriknaaje ɗe ɓe mbiyi defte ɗe ɗon haaje, yimɓe afriknaaje njokki Bibel, ɓe mbelti hakkillo maɓɓe dow barko'en e barko'e. Yimɓe Afrik njaɓii boɗeeji, ɓooyi, e yiɗde ngam mawnugo, ammaa ɗum waɗi ko hawti misiyonnaaɓe e no ɓe njogii nder Europe. Hakkiilo nder faamuji dow hollaago diina waɗi haɓaade e hawtaade hakkunde misiyonnaaɓe e ardiiɓe Afrik nder diina Angilika. Wondugo mawɓe missionaries dow ɓurgal hakkilantaaku diina kiristaana nder Europe hokki ɓe hakkilantaaki hooreejo Afrik hakkki ngam heɓugo bishop [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]], ɓe acci yimɓe Afrik nder diina Anglican ɓe ɗon mari ɓaawo e ɓe ɗon mari. Ngam jaɓugo, yimɓe fuɗɗi mooɓtugo nder kuuje do'aare bi'eteeɗe ''Egbe Aladura''. Aladura'en ɗon ɓesda bee anndingo baawɗe do'a ngam yamɗita. Nde nyau nyau nyau nder 1918 yaajiri nder Afrik hirnaange yimɓe ɗaɓɓiti yamiroore nder Aladuras. Fuuji e warugo yimɓe lesdi Naijeriya ɗuuɗɓe nder Aladuras wakkati nyau nyau ɓesngu Espaañ waɗi ɓe ɓeydaaki e ɓesnguɓe yimɓe ɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon waɗa do'aare nder fuɗɗam duuɓi 1920. Moses Orimolade wari Lagos ha 12 Luuta 1924, o jooɗoti nder Church of Holy Trinity (Anglican) bee Sexton Church, Emmanuel Olumodeji diga wuro maako. O fuɗɗi waajugo e do'aago ngam yimɓe nder Lagos nder lesdi Nigeria. Yimɓe ɗuɗɓe nder nder e nder Dunyaaji Allah e nder nder nder dunyaaji Allah ɓe ɗaɓɓiti Orimolade ngam ɓe ɗaɓɓita ko Allah yiɗi e ngam ɓe njottina. O waɗi anndal ngam o waajotoo e do'aare masin, o anndini yimɓe "''Baba Aladura''" (Baaba mo do'a). Ɓuɗuki e annduki Musa Orimolade naa' ɓe jaɓii nder ardiiɓe Angilika'en e waɗi ɓe njogii mo daga suudu Trinite Ceniiɗo nder 11 Septemba 1924. Ɗu'um waɗi yimɓe nder eklesiya e nder nokkuuje woɗɗi ɓe ɗon nana bana maako. Ɓe tokki Orimolade diga Trinity Ceniiɗo nden caggal maajum haa nokkuuje maako. Orimolade noddi yimɓe ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa e ɓe ɗon haani "Aladura Band" nden o tokki waajugo e do'aare bee maɓɓe. === Duuɗugo e Angilika'en === Nder 18 lewru Juun 1925, Aladura Band nodditii ngam kisndugo debbo Methodist mo ɓalli, Abiodun Akinsowon, mo ɓalli haa nder ɓalli nde o ɗaɓɓi yi'ugo nder ko'e limce ɗe ardiiɗo ardiiɓe katoliki'en ɗon haɓɓo nder ''Corpus Christi''. Abiodun jooɗii nder nder nder ɓernde ngam balɗe 21 nder hakkilantaaku band Aladura. O heɓii anndal caggal balɗe 21 o jokki band Aladura. O laati arandeejo arandeejo nder band. Innde bandol ngol waylitii nder Seraph Band 9 Septemba 1925 e Moses Orimolade. Ko ɓeydani cherubim nder innde nden ɓeydani ɗum dow umroore ruuhu dow 26 mars 1926 ngam holla ko kerubim e seraphim nder asama. Band ngal fuɗɗii wonde e golle haa fuɗɗam hitaande 1925. Moses Orimolade laamani bana Foonduɗo e hooreejo Ruuhu ndu'u band diga 1925 haa 1933. === Cendi === Abiodun Akinsowon o ardii ko yimɓe bandol ɓe ɗon yahda nder nder lesdi Lagos haa hirnaange. O neldi ngam o nastina ɓurɗe ɓurɗe fuɗɗugo band nder hirnaange Nigeria. O heɓii "Captain Abiodun" nder band. O yiɗi mo Moses Orimolade e yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nder bandol. Abiodun Akinsowon ɗon yahda bee Moses Orimolade nder kuugal haaki ngam haani yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nder bandol. Ammaa, ɓe anndini mo yaaki nder band nder 1929 ngam o nastina Cerubi e Seraphim Society caggal nde o sakkitii Moses Orimolade ngam o haɓɓa gollaaku suudu mawɗo debbo (Iya Ijesha) mo o warti nder band. Mawɓe Conference hirnaange band ngal holli hoore mum e ɓe waɗi Orde Ceniiɗo Cherubim e Seraphim caggal ko ɓe ɗaɓɓiti ngam hawtaade Abiodun Akinsowon e Moses Orimolade. ==firooji== cpas0h52jwhpikoc0rlp1w6lciw5xl3 0 42902 177663 2026-07-01T05:54:00Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352152337|Bernard Fagg]]" 177663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''MBE">Bernard Evelyn Buller Fagg''', (8 Disemba 1915 - 14 Ogos 1987) wonnoo archaeologist e museum curatorɗo British mo waɗi golle keewɗe nder [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] yeeso e caggal konu duuniyaaru ɗiɗaɓu. [[File:Bernard_Fagg's_compound_signpost_2.jpg|thumb|Bernard Fagg'en ɗon holla ko woni nder Nok]] [[File:Bernard_Fagg's_compound_3.jpg|thumb|Duule Bernard Fagg nder Nok, nder hitaande 1943]] == Biography == Fagg jibini nder Upper Norwood to deftere mawɗo defte William Percy Fagg e debbo maako Lilian Fagg (woowo Buller). Ɓiɗɗo maako o William Buller Fagg. Bernard Fagg janngini classics, archaeology e anthropology dow Downing College, University of Cambridge. Caggal nde o jaɓi jaŋde o fuɗɗi gollude ngam laamu British koloniyaal e [[Jos]], Nigeria, e hitaande 1939. O waɗi ɓurgal Rop nder ladde Jos nder 1944, Nok nde ɗon hawta e kuuje diga wakkati kare nden e ɓaawo ɗon, hawti e kuuje cukalel duuɓi 2000. Fagg fuɗɗii heɓugo geɗe archaeological diga ko ɓaawo ɗun annditi no Nok culture, ɓaawo wuro Nok, to ɓe tawi geɗe terracotta aranndeeji. O waɗi jaɓɓorgo nder nokkuure Taruga, o tawi ko'e mum e taƴe terakotta e karallaaji e radiocarbone diga karallaaji nayi e tati BC. == Duuɓal Pitt Rivers New == Fagg ɓeydi wakkati wakkati nder Oxford waɗi ngam heɓugo jawdi ngam Pitt Rivers Museum ha Oxford ngam darnugo suudu fuɗɗam, amma haa woyla gariiri nder banbury road. Lannde, nde fuɗɗii, waɗi ngam holla ko Fagg woni curatore. Ammaa, Fagg laatii yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nder Oxford no neɗɗo mo o mari hakkillo ngam arda ɗum. Bana ko ardiiɗo museum Schuyler Jones wi'i, "ɗoon wondi nanki yimɓe fuu wondi museum ɓeydiima nder wuro Oxford, e woodi ko ɗiɗo: ko'e ɗiɗi: ko'en ɗiɗo: laabi ɓernde ngam suudu seniiɗo keso, e goɗɗo e anndal e semmbe ngam hoolaade ɗum haa timmi". Yimɓe goɗɗi boo ɓe ɓeydi ɓeydi e no ɗum ɓeydi, e Jaquetta Hawkes winndi: "Ɗum waawi wonde haa ɓaawo nde mawɗoɗo e moƴƴiɗo, Mr Bernard Fagg, waɗii, to naa ɗum ɓeydii ngam ɓeydiino ɓeydiingo, to naa e hoore mum, to naa ngam ɓeydaago ɗum. Lanndi ɓeydiima haa ɓeydiingo duuɓi 1960 bee laabi marndooji Pier Luigi Nervi e dow dow dow dow yimɓe ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa. Ammaa nder wakkere nde ɓe njogii, ɓe ndilli dow ngam ɓe mbaawaa ɓe mbaawaaki ɗum, bana bana bana bana Fagg boo mbaawaa hakkillo ngam ɓe mbaawake ɓalli maɓɓe nder lewru Mee 1968. O jeyaa e golle ɗee e lewru Desemba 1975. == Ɓaamorde == Bernard Fagg ɗon haalde e innde anndal feere nder leɗɗe, ''Lygodactylus bernardi''. == Firooji == 8taozhdaab7uafdn3eokqvcdh148ekd 177664 177663 2026-07-01T05:54:19Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''MBE">Bernard Evelyn Buller Fagg''', (8 Disemba 1915 - 14 Ogos 1987) wonnoo archaeologist e museum curatorɗo British mo waɗi golle keewɗe nder [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] yeeso e caggal konu duuniyaaru ɗiɗaɓu. [[File:Bernard_Fagg's_compound_signpost_2.jpg|thumb|Bernard Fagg'en ɗon holla ko woni nder Nok]] [[File:Bernard_Fagg's_compound_3.jpg|thumb|Duule Bernard Fagg nder Nok, nder hitaande 1943]] == Biography == Fagg jibini nder Upper Norwood to deftere mawɗo defte William Percy Fagg e debbo maako Lilian Fagg (woowo Buller). Ɓiɗɗo maako o William Buller Fagg. Bernard Fagg janngini classics, archaeology e anthropology dow Downing College, University of Cambridge. Caggal nde o jaɓi jaŋde o fuɗɗi gollude ngam laamu British koloniyaal e [[Jos]], Nigeria, e hitaande 1939. O waɗi ɓurgal Rop nder ladde Jos nder 1944, Nok nde ɗon hawta e kuuje diga wakkati kare nden e ɓaawo ɗon, hawti e kuuje cukalel duuɓi 2000. Fagg fuɗɗii heɓugo geɗe archaeological diga ko ɓaawo ɗun annditi no Nok culture, ɓaawo wuro Nok, to ɓe tawi geɗe terracotta aranndeeji. O waɗi jaɓɓorgo nder nokkuure Taruga, o tawi ko'e mum e taƴe terakotta e karallaaji e radiocarbone diga karallaaji nayi e tati BC. == Duuɓal Pitt Rivers New == Fagg ɓeydi wakkati wakkati nder Oxford waɗi ngam heɓugo jawdi ngam Pitt Rivers Museum ha Oxford ngam darnugo suudu fuɗɗam, amma haa woyla gariiri nder banbury road. Lannde, nde fuɗɗii, waɗi ngam holla ko Fagg woni curatore. Ammaa, Fagg laatii yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nder Oxford no neɗɗo mo o mari hakkillo ngam arda ɗum. Bana ko ardiiɗo museum Schuyler Jones wi'i, "ɗoon wondi nanki yimɓe fuu wondi museum ɓeydiima nder wuro Oxford, e woodi ko ɗiɗo: ko'e ɗiɗi: ko'en ɗiɗo: laabi ɓernde ngam suudu seniiɗo keso, e goɗɗo e anndal e semmbe ngam hoolaade ɗum haa timmi". Yimɓe goɗɗi boo ɓe ɓeydi ɓeydi e no ɗum ɓeydi, e Jaquetta Hawkes winndi: "Ɗum waawi wonde haa ɓaawo nde mawɗoɗo e moƴƴiɗo, Mr Bernard Fagg, waɗii, to naa ɗum ɓeydii ngam ɓeydiino ɓeydiingo, to naa e hoore mum, to naa ngam ɓeydaago ɗum. Lanndi ɓeydiima haa ɓeydiingo duuɓi 1960 bee laabi marndooji Pier Luigi Nervi e dow dow dow dow yimɓe ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa. Ammaa nder wakkere nde ɓe njogii, ɓe ndilli dow ngam ɓe mbaawaa ɓe mbaawaaki ɗum, bana bana bana bana Fagg boo mbaawaa hakkillo ngam ɓe mbaawake ɓalli maɓɓe nder lewru Mee 1968. O jeyaa e golle ɗee e lewru Desemba 1975. == Ɓaamorde == Bernard Fagg ɗon haalde e innde anndal feere nder leɗɗe, ''Lygodactylus bernardi''. == Firooji == 4s5i7nau3rzfi30ehzjvzl69cpftr6x 0 42903 177665 2026-07-01T05:59:04Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355964138|Adekunle Fajuyi]]" 177665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francis Adekunle Fajuyi''' MC BEM (26 Jowre 1926 - 29 Julaay 1966) wonnoo so'aare Nigeria jogoriinde [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] e gomnati arandeejo lesdi Naijeriya.&nbsp; Fuu ko jannginoowo e mawɗo, Fajuyi, mo Ado Ekiti, o jokki nder konu nder hitaande 1943, e nder sarjanta nder karallaagal signal Nigeria, Royal West African Frontier Force, o heɓii Medal British Empire nder hitaande 1951 ngam walliugo hawtuki hawtuki e mooluki nder suudu maako dow nyaamdu. O ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon anndina nder Eaton Hall Officer Candidate School nder lesdi lesdi lesdi United Kingdom diga lewru Yuli 1954 haa lewru Noofambar 1954, nde o ɗon ɗon ɗon waɗugo nder lesdi. Nder 1961, be hooreejo 'C' Company be 4 battalion, Queen's Own Nigeria Regiment be Lt. Col. Price, Major Fajuyi hokki haadiwol militaaru ngam kuuɗe nder North Katanga e haɓɓugo go'o maako diga haɓɓuki. Nde o timmini kuuɗe [[Konngo (Ndenndaandi Demokaraasiyankeeri Konngo)|Congo]], Fajuyi laati ardiiɗo lesdi ardiiɗo gardiiɗo 1st battalion nder [[Enugu]], nokku o waɗi haa ɓaawo kolli ardiiɗo nder lewru Janaare 1966, nde o mutini [[Abeokuta]] bana ardiiɗo Gardiyon. Nde Major General Ironsi artii hooreejo ardiiɗo leydi ndii ñalnde 17 lewru 1966 o suɓii Fajuyi hooreejo ardi leydi leydi ndii. == Hakkiilo == Fajuyi waraa ko e juuɗe ƴamoowo warngooji ngam haɓaade kuudetaa, [[Theophilus Danjuma|Major TY Danjuma]] ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966, to [[Ibadan]], wondude e Seneraal Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, hooreejo leydi e Kuuɓal Toowngal Konu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Nijeer]] garnooɗo e konngol mum ñalnde 29 lewru nduu laamɓe aadaaji Hirnaange Naajeeriya. Liɓgol ƴiiƴam laamu siwil laamu gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Sir Tafawa Balewa]] waɗiino lebbi jeegom ko adii ɗuum, tawi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e woɗɓe toppitiiɓe laamu nguu, haa teeŋti noon e ƴettugol leydi Najeriya to bannge worgo leydi ndii, mbaraa. == Tuugnorgal == ny41tttspgarj018mta6swf8kvg7vtb 177666 177665 2026-07-01T05:59:18Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francis Adekunle Fajuyi''' MC BEM (26 Jowre 1926 - 29 Julaay 1966) wonnoo so'aare Nigeria jogoriinde [[Yimɓe Yarbanko'en|Yoruba]] e gomnati arandeejo lesdi Naijeriya.&nbsp; Fuu ko jannginoowo e mawɗo, Fajuyi, mo Ado Ekiti, o jokki nder konu nder hitaande 1943, e nder sarjanta nder karallaagal signal Nigeria, Royal West African Frontier Force, o heɓii Medal British Empire nder hitaande 1951 ngam walliugo hawtuki hawtuki e mooluki nder suudu maako dow nyaamdu. O ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon anndina nder Eaton Hall Officer Candidate School nder lesdi lesdi lesdi United Kingdom diga lewru Yuli 1954 haa lewru Noofambar 1954, nde o ɗon ɗon ɗon waɗugo nder lesdi. Nder 1961, be hooreejo 'C' Company be 4 battalion, Queen's Own Nigeria Regiment be Lt. Col. Price, Major Fajuyi hokki haadiwol militaaru ngam kuuɗe nder North Katanga e haɓɓugo go'o maako diga haɓɓuki. Nde o timmini kuuɗe [[Konngo (Ndenndaandi Demokaraasiyankeeri Konngo)|Congo]], Fajuyi laati ardiiɗo lesdi ardiiɗo gardiiɗo 1st battalion nder [[Enugu]], nokku o waɗi haa ɓaawo kolli ardiiɗo nder lewru Janaare 1966, nde o mutini [[Abeokuta]] bana ardiiɗo Gardiyon. Nde Major General Ironsi artii hooreejo ardiiɗo leydi ndii ñalnde 17 lewru 1966 o suɓii Fajuyi hooreejo ardi leydi leydi ndii. == Hakkiilo == Fajuyi waraa ko e juuɗe ƴamoowo warngooji ngam haɓaade kuudetaa, [[Theophilus Danjuma|Major TY Danjuma]] ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966, to [[Ibadan]], wondude e Seneraal Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, hooreejo leydi e Kuuɓal Toowngal Konu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Nijeer]] garnooɗo e konngol mum ñalnde 29 lewru nduu laamɓe aadaaji Hirnaange Naajeeriya. Liɓgol ƴiiƴam laamu siwil laamu gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Sir Tafawa Balewa]] waɗiino lebbi jeegom ko adii ɗuum, tawi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e woɗɓe toppitiiɓe laamu nguu, haa teeŋti noon e ƴettugol leydi Najeriya to bannge worgo leydi ndii, mbaraa. == Tuugnorgal == lhpv9frq6zsy0xkpu0rhnrb67lm39yc 0 42904 177667 2026-07-01T06:00:11Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326577107|Samuel Fawehinmi]]" 177667 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Ibitayo Fawehinmi''' listenⓘ (1912-1998) wonnooɗo piyonaal nder lesdi Naijeriya. Ɓiɗɗo jaayɗo, o jibinaa nder gariiri Ondo. O yahi Ondo Boys High School e Yaba Higher College. O mari ɓernde nder suudu ndun, amma sujidal haa wakkati wakkati fu ngam yahugo suudu ndun e ko o mari nder kuugal e nder kuugal nder suudu ndundun e nder suudu ndundu wayliti laawol maako. O janngini njannginirgal yimɓe e o laati golluɗo nder King's College, Lagos. Nder hitaande 1946, o waɗi anniya o waɗii janngirde dow darnde nder darnde darnde, o yahdi nder lesdi feere o janngini haa Shoreditch Technical College. Caggal nde o wurtini lesdi Nigeria, bee walli baaba maako e jaaynde diga Colony Development Board, o uddi feere cuuɗi kuugal nder Lagos. O annditi wonde gooto e magganaaɓe arandeeji ɓe ɗon hakkiilo dow laandu go'oto to nokkuuje fuu ko ɗon koo go'o e doktopoodal. O ɗon anndina e nder anndingo laabi masin nder waɗugo laabi. == Firooji == to3cysizjad1lc5hf9b5ghuoxc7e26w 177668 177667 2026-07-01T06:00:34Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Samuel Ibitayo Fawehinmi''' listenⓘ (1912-1998) wonnooɗo piyonaal nder lesdi Naijeriya. Ɓiɗɗo jaayɗo, o jibinaa nder gariiri Ondo. O yahi Ondo Boys High School e Yaba Higher College. O mari ɓernde nder suudu ndun, amma sujidal haa wakkati wakkati fu ngam yahugo suudu ndun e ko o mari nder kuugal e nder kuugal nder suudu ndundun e nder suudu ndundu wayliti laawol maako. O janngini njannginirgal yimɓe e o laati golluɗo nder King's College, Lagos. Nder hitaande 1946, o waɗi anniya o waɗii janngirde dow darnde nder darnde darnde, o yahdi nder lesdi feere o janngini haa Shoreditch Technical College. Caggal nde o wurtini lesdi Nigeria, bee walli baaba maako e jaaynde diga Colony Development Board, o uddi feere cuuɗi kuugal nder Lagos. O annditi wonde gooto e magganaaɓe arandeeji ɓe ɗon hakkiilo dow laandu go'oto to nokkuuje fuu ko ɗon koo go'o e doktopoodal. O ɗon anndina e nder anndingo laabi masin nder waɗugo laabi. == Firooji == ih6906qsu18lnrq556oy4hsg4cv85c7 0 42905 177669 2026-07-01T06:02:58Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359794414|Thomas Birch Freeman]]" 177669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Birch Freeman''' (6 December 1809 in Twyford, Hampshire – 12 August 1890 in [[Akra|Accra]]) was an Anglo-African Wesleyan minister, missionary, botanist and colonial official in West Africa. He is widely regarded as a pioneer of the Methodist Church in colonial West Africa, where he also established multiple schools. Some scholars view him as the "Founder of Ghana Methodism". Freeman's missionary activities took him to Dahomey, now [[Benen|Benin]], as well as to Western [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]].<ref name=":2" /> == Fedde ndeen == Thomas Birch Freeman jibinaa nder Twyford, Hampshire, Ingilandi, o ɓiɗɗo baaba afriknaajo, Thomas Freeman, e inna Ingilandi, Amy Birch. O golliima e Sir Robert Harland to Orwell Park, sara Ipswich, ko gardiiɗo jarde e ganndo leɗɗe, haa o woppitaa sabu o woppi diine Angalteer ngam yahde diine Metodism Wesley . E laamu Freeman, duɗe jeenay sosaa e nder koloni Gold Coast (Gana hannde oo) e hitaande 1841, heen tati ko sukaaɓe rewɓe. O jokki e udditde duɗe, haa e hitaande 1880 o joginoo fotde 83 duɗal ina waɗi fotde 3 000 almuudo. E hitaande 1838, o yahi o woni misioneer Metodist to Afrik hirnaange, o sosi ekkolaaji Metodist to Gold Coast to Cape Coast e [[Akra|Accra]], o sosi kadi nokku misioneer to [[Kumasi]] . E hitaande 1850, Freeman sosi gese ndema to Buela saraaji Kap Koast (fof ko Ganaa hannde oo). O yahi kadi gure to bannge worgo leydi Najeriya e laamu Dahomey . E hitaande 1843, nde o woni e furlough to Angalteer, o woniino e haɓaade maccungaagu . <ref name="Oxford" /> Caggal nde o woppi golle misiyoŋaaji e hitaande 1857, o gollinaa e laamu koloñaal, o woni komandaajo siwil e nder diiwaan Accra tuggi 1857 haa 1873. Freeman resii laabi tati. Rewɓe makko ɗiɗo adanɓe ɓee, ko rewɓe ɓaleeɓe Angalteer, maayi ko juuti caggal nde ɓe njottii Afrik worgo, caggal ɗuum o resi debbo Fante nokku oo. E hitaande 1873, o naati e Mission, o wondi e ɓiyiiko, o ƴetti golle Methodist to bannge worgo Gold Coast. == Ɓiɗɗo == [[File:TB_Freeman.png|left|thumb|331x331px|Thomas Birch Freeman]] Thomas Birch Freeman jibini 6 Desemba 1809 to Twyford, ko e milji tati daga Winchester, Hampshire, Ingilandi. Nder wakkati'en Winchester laati dundi Methodism Wesleyan. Baaba maako o maccuɗo, ammaa ɓiɗɗo maako ɗon haɓɓa baaba maako o woodi lesdi Indiyanji hirnaange. Maama Freeman, Amy Birch, o debbo Inglisiyankeejo, o laati maccuɗo nder saare mawɗo baaba Freeman.<ref name=":2" /> Amy Birch ɗonno o dewti John Birch, o woodi ɓiɓɓe tati. Nde Freeman ina woodi duuɓi joweego, baaba maako maayi.<ref name=":6" /> O jooɗii e baaba maako nder "dugo yimɓe nder suudu maare nder suudu maaru, ɗon yeeso suudu maaru nder cuuɗi tati, suudu maaru 'The Dolphin', ɗon jooɗii nder suudu ɗiɗaɓu, e suudu maaru [ɗuuɗugo], ɗon ɗon ɗon naftoroo bana suudu waajugo Wesleyan, suudu tataɓu nder laral maaru" nder Twyford, to ɗum ɗon haani o heɓii jaŋde mawnde, koo nde walaa taariika dow cuuɗi ɗi o jaajiri nder maɓɓe.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Nder ɓiyum, o e bandiraaɓe maako ɗon ɓeya e jokerol dow moolɗo cukalel ngal ɓaawo ɗon o anndini Freeman nder diina Metodism. O jooɗii nder suudu waajugo Wesleyan, o laati ardiiɗo jaŋde Methodist e waajugo yimɓe nder gariiri maako.<ref name=":7" /> Freeman tokki laawol baaba maako mo o marii, o laati jarnaajo nder wuro Suffolk, to o ɓeydi yiɗi anndugo botaniki. O laati hooreejo lampo to Sir Robert Harland to Orwell Park dow maayo Orwell, ɓadi Ipswich e Suffolk. Freeman laati jannginoowo mo yiɗi jaŋde, o waɗi anndal nder kuuje e nder nder nder nder ko'e leɗɗe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> O waɗi deftere ceerno nder cuuɗi maako.<ref name=":2" /> Ɓaawo duuɓi sappo, nde o dilli to Gold Coast, o jaɓɓii ko o wurtini e Sir William Hooker, arandeejo Kew Gardens ɓadi London, jaŋde botaniki duniyaaru, dow flora Afrik hirnaange. Freeman kadi wiɗiti e jaɓɓude bayyinaaji anndal dow leɗɗe tropical ngam Kew Gardens.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Freeman ɓesdi ɓesdi e yiide Methodist, ko ɗum ɓeydiima e jaajinoowo mum, Sir Robert Harland, mo wi'i mo o suɓata hakkunde diina maako e golle maako. Nder wakkati maajum, Goomu Misiyonnaaɓe Metodist nder Ingiltere waɗi habaru masin ngam marɓe mumɓe yahugo misiyonnaaɓe ɓe njahi nder Afrika ngam ɓe haɓɓita Linjiila. Freeman waɗi no o heɓi nodduki Allah ngam o warugo misiyonar, o jaabini nodduki maako bee hokki hoore maako hakkillo: "Ɗum waawaa laataago ngam am haa maaya, ammaa ɗum waawaa ngam am yahu". O anndini bandiraaɓe maako dow haala, ɓurna fuu Peter Hill daga Chelmondiston, mo o yi'i o boowo maako haa maako. Ɓaawo ɗun, Freeman suɓii hoore mum e Orwell Park.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> debbo Sir Robert Harland, Lady Arethusa, hawti bee Freeman'en'en'e ngam yahugo, o footi mo ngam yahuugo mo.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Freeman waɗi limti limtiɗum yeeso komiteeji mawɗi haa suudu Misiyonaare mawɗo nder Hatton Garden. Caggal nde o waɗi habaru moƴƴo e nder kawral Methodist Conference to Leeds, nde waajinoowo Methodist minister, Rev. Abraham Farrar, nder lewru Oktoobar 1837, o laamaama waajorgal Wesleyan worgo e Cape Coast caggal nde o haɓɓii e Islington Chapel to London e lewru Oktoober 10 1837.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Mawɓe Misiyonnaaɓe Angalteer haa Cape Coast ɓe mari wakkatiji seɗɗa tan haa Gold Coast ngam ɗuuɗɓe maayi ngam nyawuuji ɓaleeɓe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> hwnaihhfi9ifvudvjk4e9ska0jsx5ic 177670 177669 2026-07-01T06:03:19Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thomas Birch Freeman''' (6 December 1809 in Twyford, Hampshire – 12 August 1890 in [[Akra|Accra]]) was an Anglo-African Wesleyan minister, missionary, botanist and colonial official in West Africa. He is widely regarded as a pioneer of the Methodist Church in colonial West Africa, where he also established multiple schools. Some scholars view him as the "Founder of Ghana Methodism". Freeman's missionary activities took him to Dahomey, now [[Benen|Benin]], as well as to Western [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]].<ref name=":2" /> == Fedde ndeen == Thomas Birch Freeman jibinaa nder Twyford, Hampshire, Ingilandi, o ɓiɗɗo baaba afriknaajo, Thomas Freeman, e inna Ingilandi, Amy Birch. O golliima e Sir Robert Harland to Orwell Park, sara Ipswich, ko gardiiɗo jarde e ganndo leɗɗe, haa o woppitaa sabu o woppi diine Angalteer ngam yahde diine Metodism Wesley . E laamu Freeman, duɗe jeenay sosaa e nder koloni Gold Coast (Gana hannde oo) e hitaande 1841, heen tati ko sukaaɓe rewɓe. O jokki e udditde duɗe, haa e hitaande 1880 o joginoo fotde 83 duɗal ina waɗi fotde 3 000 almuudo. E hitaande 1838, o yahi o woni misioneer Metodist to Afrik hirnaange, o sosi ekkolaaji Metodist to Gold Coast to Cape Coast e [[Akra|Accra]], o sosi kadi nokku misioneer to [[Kumasi]] . E hitaande 1850, Freeman sosi gese ndema to Buela saraaji Kap Koast (fof ko Ganaa hannde oo). O yahi kadi gure to bannge worgo leydi Najeriya e laamu Dahomey . E hitaande 1843, nde o woni e furlough to Angalteer, o woniino e haɓaade maccungaagu . <ref name="Oxford" /> Caggal nde o woppi golle misiyoŋaaji e hitaande 1857, o gollinaa e laamu koloñaal, o woni komandaajo siwil e nder diiwaan Accra tuggi 1857 haa 1873. Freeman resii laabi tati. Rewɓe makko ɗiɗo adanɓe ɓee, ko rewɓe ɓaleeɓe Angalteer, maayi ko juuti caggal nde ɓe njottii Afrik worgo, caggal ɗuum o resi debbo Fante nokku oo. E hitaande 1873, o naati e Mission, o wondi e ɓiyiiko, o ƴetti golle Methodist to bannge worgo Gold Coast. == Ɓiɗɗo == [[File:TB_Freeman.png|left|thumb|331x331px|Thomas Birch Freeman]] Thomas Birch Freeman jibini 6 Desemba 1809 to Twyford, ko e milji tati daga Winchester, Hampshire, Ingilandi. Nder wakkati'en Winchester laati dundi Methodism Wesleyan. Baaba maako o maccuɗo, ammaa ɓiɗɗo maako ɗon haɓɓa baaba maako o woodi lesdi Indiyanji hirnaange. Maama Freeman, Amy Birch, o debbo Inglisiyankeejo, o laati maccuɗo nder saare mawɗo baaba Freeman.<ref name=":2" /> Amy Birch ɗonno o dewti John Birch, o woodi ɓiɓɓe tati. Nde Freeman ina woodi duuɓi joweego, baaba maako maayi.<ref name=":6" /> O jooɗii e baaba maako nder "dugo yimɓe nder suudu maare nder suudu maaru, ɗon yeeso suudu maaru nder cuuɗi tati, suudu maaru 'The Dolphin', ɗon jooɗii nder suudu ɗiɗaɓu, e suudu maaru [ɗuuɗugo], ɗon ɗon ɗon naftoroo bana suudu waajugo Wesleyan, suudu tataɓu nder laral maaru" nder Twyford, to ɗum ɗon haani o heɓii jaŋde mawnde, koo nde walaa taariika dow cuuɗi ɗi o jaajiri nder maɓɓe.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Nder ɓiyum, o e bandiraaɓe maako ɗon ɓeya e jokerol dow moolɗo cukalel ngal ɓaawo ɗon o anndini Freeman nder diina Metodism. O jooɗii nder suudu waajugo Wesleyan, o laati ardiiɗo jaŋde Methodist e waajugo yimɓe nder gariiri maako.<ref name=":7" /> Freeman tokki laawol baaba maako mo o marii, o laati jarnaajo nder wuro Suffolk, to o ɓeydi yiɗi anndugo botaniki. O laati hooreejo lampo to Sir Robert Harland to Orwell Park dow maayo Orwell, ɓadi Ipswich e Suffolk. Freeman laati jannginoowo mo yiɗi jaŋde, o waɗi anndal nder kuuje e nder nder nder nder ko'e leɗɗe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> O waɗi deftere ceerno nder cuuɗi maako.<ref name=":2" /> Ɓaawo duuɓi sappo, nde o dilli to Gold Coast, o jaɓɓii ko o wurtini e Sir William Hooker, arandeejo Kew Gardens ɓadi London, jaŋde botaniki duniyaaru, dow flora Afrik hirnaange. Freeman kadi wiɗiti e jaɓɓude bayyinaaji anndal dow leɗɗe tropical ngam Kew Gardens.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Freeman ɓesdi ɓesdi e yiide Methodist, ko ɗum ɓeydiima e jaajinoowo mum, Sir Robert Harland, mo wi'i mo o suɓata hakkunde diina maako e golle maako. Nder wakkati maajum, Goomu Misiyonnaaɓe Metodist nder Ingiltere waɗi habaru masin ngam marɓe mumɓe yahugo misiyonnaaɓe ɓe njahi nder Afrika ngam ɓe haɓɓita Linjiila. Freeman waɗi no o heɓi nodduki Allah ngam o warugo misiyonar, o jaabini nodduki maako bee hokki hoore maako hakkillo: "Ɗum waawaa laataago ngam am haa maaya, ammaa ɗum waawaa ngam am yahu". O anndini bandiraaɓe maako dow haala, ɓurna fuu Peter Hill daga Chelmondiston, mo o yi'i o boowo maako haa maako. Ɓaawo ɗun, Freeman suɓii hoore mum e Orwell Park.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> debbo Sir Robert Harland, Lady Arethusa, hawti bee Freeman'en'en'e ngam yahugo, o footi mo ngam yahuugo mo.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Freeman waɗi limti limtiɗum yeeso komiteeji mawɗi haa suudu Misiyonaare mawɗo nder Hatton Garden. Caggal nde o waɗi habaru moƴƴo e nder kawral Methodist Conference to Leeds, nde waajinoowo Methodist minister, Rev. Abraham Farrar, nder lewru Oktoobar 1837, o laamaama waajorgal Wesleyan worgo e Cape Coast caggal nde o haɓɓii e Islington Chapel to London e lewru Oktoober 10 1837.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Mawɓe Misiyonnaaɓe Angalteer haa Cape Coast ɓe mari wakkatiji seɗɗa tan haa Gold Coast ngam ɗuuɗɓe maayi ngam nyawuuji ɓaleeɓe.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> ==firooji== n13lrb73jym2rhb3s3jb3q3zaq99m7e 0 42906 177671 2026-07-01T06:04:28Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340171423|George A. Garrick]]" 177671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Adeniji Garrick daga Siluko, MB ChB''' (8 abriil 1917 - 12 juulyee 1988) jogiiɗo diiwaan lesdi Naijeriya nder duuɓi 1938 haa 1952. == Background == George Adeniji Garrick jibinaa [[Lagos]] e 8 abriil 1917, o ɓii mawɗo Stanley David Garrick, mawɗo jaagorɗo e mawɗo suudu dowla to Oba Benin nder Laamu Benin, jooni nder lesdi Najeeriya. Maaman maako o maccuɗo ɗemngal Creole Sierra Leone nder Brass, [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] bi'eteeɗo J.D. Garrick. George Garrick yahi King's College, Lagos to o jeyaa hooreejo. O ɓeydiima e nder janngirde e o annditiima e nder ciyaare hawti e cricket, football, squash e athletics. == Koolol leydi == Nder hitaande 1938, Garrick waɗi wakkati ɓurɗum ɓernde nde o waɗi record lesdi Naijeriya nder dow dow dow dow nder nder nder nder dow nder nder laral nder Lagos. Ko o waɗi ko duuɓi sappo e nayi, o waɗi ko o anndinaama leydi ndii. Ɗuum waɗi deftere jimol ngam teddina darana mum to hawtaade nder nder nder nder dowla nder nder nder e dowla nder dowla; go'o miliyonji janngooɓe Nigeria ɗon anndina.&nbsp; == Ɓeydaaki nder lesdi == Wato konu duuniyaaru ɗiɗawru nder 1939 waɗi Garrick mari tammunde ngam heɓugo medal nder juulde British Empire Games, ko ɗum waɗata nder hitaande 1942. Ammaa, o waɗi ko heewi e nder nder nder nder duuɓi konu, o heɓii ko heewi nder nder nder ciya nder nder nder wakkati o jannginooɗo Jaŋde Glasgow. Nder lewru oktoobar 1946, o heɓii jaŋde Fulfulde Athletics Blue e jaŋde; nden, nder 1947, o heɓii teddungal jaŋde hakkunde leyɗeele ngam darnugo Scotland yeeso Ingiltere e Ireland. Ɓaawo ɗun, o laɓɓinaa hooreejo jaŋde e nder jaŋde nder hitaande 1948-49. == Nolde golle e hoore mum == Nde George Garrick wari nder lesdi Nigeria ɓaawo o heɓii darnde doktoor, o hooti nder suudu jaɓugo ngam jaɓugo doktoor e nder nder nder lesdi. E hitaande 1953, o waree Princess Comfort Odinchezo Amobi of Ogidi, ɓiyum Igwe Amobi I of Ogidi. Nde baaba maako maayi nder 1958, Garrick heɓii lesdi e darnde sirde Siluko ngam o jooɗoto nder Benin City ngam o tokki kuuɗe maako. Garrick e debbo maako ɓe mari ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo. Kola (d. 2009) e Tayo, ɓiyum ɓiyum mo ɗon mari leydi e laamiiɗo. == Yimɓe ɓaawo == Dr. Garrick ɓaawo ɗon o huuwi bana mawɗo hooreejo Bendel State Medical Association e nder jaaynde jaayndeji, ha nder feere feere. Nder 1978, bee doktoor do'owo maako Dr. N.O. Azinge, o waɗi kuuje kalfinaaɗe ngam hujjaaji nyauɓe ngam hujjugo nyauɓe ngam nyau Stevens-Johnson. Nder wakkati, nde jawdi George Garrick ɓeydi, ɓeydiima maako e jaɓugo nder nder nder nder lesdi Nigeria e nder lesdi fuu, amma o ɗon mari ɓernde ngam nder lesdi e cricket haa fuɗɗam maako. kse8s74isd7p18dgb3jjxsyx39k90v7 177672 177671 2026-07-01T06:04:49Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Adeniji Garrick daga Siluko, MB ChB''' (8 abriil 1917 - 12 juulyee 1988) jogiiɗo diiwaan lesdi Naijeriya nder duuɓi 1938 haa 1952. == Background == George Adeniji Garrick jibinaa [[Lagos]] e 8 abriil 1917, o ɓii mawɗo Stanley David Garrick, mawɗo jaagorɗo e mawɗo suudu dowla to Oba Benin nder Laamu Benin, jooni nder lesdi Najeeriya. Maaman maako o maccuɗo ɗemngal Creole Sierra Leone nder Brass, [[Naajeeriya|Nigeria]] bi'eteeɗo J.D. Garrick. George Garrick yahi King's College, Lagos to o jeyaa hooreejo. O ɓeydiima e nder janngirde e o annditiima e nder ciyaare hawti e cricket, football, squash e athletics. == Koolol leydi == Nder hitaande 1938, Garrick waɗi wakkati ɓurɗum ɓernde nde o waɗi record lesdi Naijeriya nder dow dow dow dow nder nder nder nder dow nder nder laral nder Lagos. Ko o waɗi ko duuɓi sappo e nayi, o waɗi ko o anndinaama leydi ndii. Ɗuum waɗi deftere jimol ngam teddina darana mum to hawtaade nder nder nder nder dowla nder nder nder e dowla nder dowla; go'o miliyonji janngooɓe Nigeria ɗon anndina.&nbsp; == Ɓeydaaki nder lesdi == Wato konu duuniyaaru ɗiɗawru nder 1939 waɗi Garrick mari tammunde ngam heɓugo medal nder juulde British Empire Games, ko ɗum waɗata nder hitaande 1942. Ammaa, o waɗi ko heewi e nder nder nder nder duuɓi konu, o heɓii ko heewi nder nder nder ciya nder nder nder wakkati o jannginooɗo Jaŋde Glasgow. Nder lewru oktoobar 1946, o heɓii jaŋde Fulfulde Athletics Blue e jaŋde; nden, nder 1947, o heɓii teddungal jaŋde hakkunde leyɗeele ngam darnugo Scotland yeeso Ingiltere e Ireland. Ɓaawo ɗun, o laɓɓinaa hooreejo jaŋde e nder jaŋde nder hitaande 1948-49. == Nolde golle e hoore mum == Nde George Garrick wari nder lesdi Nigeria ɓaawo o heɓii darnde doktoor, o hooti nder suudu jaɓugo ngam jaɓugo doktoor e nder nder nder lesdi. E hitaande 1953, o waree Princess Comfort Odinchezo Amobi of Ogidi, ɓiyum Igwe Amobi I of Ogidi. Nde baaba maako maayi nder 1958, Garrick heɓii lesdi e darnde sirde Siluko ngam o jooɗoto nder Benin City ngam o tokki kuuɗe maako. Garrick e debbo maako ɓe mari ɓiɓɓe ɗiɗo. Kola (d. 2009) e Tayo, ɓiyum ɓiyum mo ɗon mari leydi e laamiiɗo. == Yimɓe ɓaawo == Dr. Garrick ɓaawo ɗon o huuwi bana mawɗo hooreejo Bendel State Medical Association e nder jaaynde jaayndeji, ha nder feere feere. Nder 1978, bee doktoor do'owo maako Dr. N.O. Azinge, o waɗi kuuje kalfinaaɗe ngam hujjaaji nyauɓe ngam hujjugo nyauɓe ngam nyau Stevens-Johnson. Nder wakkati, nde jawdi George Garrick ɓeydi, ɓeydiima maako e jaɓugo nder nder nder nder lesdi Nigeria e nder lesdi fuu, amma o ɗon mari ɓernde ngam nder lesdi e cricket haa fuɗɗam maako. ==firooji== n0208oq4h22gvy4jrhrzuvregjvxgkv 0 42907 177673 2026-07-01T06:06:09Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307052897|George Goodhead]]" 177673 wikitext text/x-wiki Chief '''George Diepiriye Goodhead''' was a prominent Ibani chief. == Ɓaawoore == George Goodhead ko ɓiy mawɗo laamɗo Pepple I (Perekule) laamu Bonny . O teskaama ko ɓiy laamɗo Perekule jibinaaɗo caggal dewgal. Galle George Goodhead oo, ko adii fof ko laamɗo debbo Inndo ; no ɓeen ngoniri "julaagu ɗiɗo ƴeeŋtuɓe e laamu mum." Ɗum ɗon ɓeyda ngam innde saare wayla, ko ɗon holla sainiugo alkawal diga hooreejo. So, George Goodhead anndiraa ko laamɗo Indiyanke, nden Ukonu, George Goodheed e ɓaawo ɗun Ukonu kadi, ɗun hawti e laamiiɗo Opubo Bonny nder wakkati makko, nden o wondi mooliiɗo e mooliijo yimɓe Anna Pepple (ko ɓe hawti e cuuɗi 10: Wariso, Kuke, George GoodHeed (Ukonu), Iruanya (Uranta), Ibifa, Kiepirima (Toby), Epelle, Kala Ndassa, Tom Taylor, Wogu Dappa, Strongface ekn.) == Kuugal politik nder Laamu Bonny Mawɗo == Chief George Diepiriye Goodhead wonnoo ardiiɗo wuro Anna Pepple e o jokki gollal ngam rokkude laamu laamu laamu Pepple. O ɗon haɓɓa e nder ɓaawo fuu e fotaaki dow laamu hooreejo Maduka (Madu) nder caka 1830s; amma o jeyi nder kaso e Madu caggal nde o mari hakkiilo dow jaɓugo ceede ɗe Oropnaaɓe hokki. Nder kuugal Chief Goodhead, Chief Omuso (Jack) Brown of Finima, mo ɓaawo ɗon o waɗi kuugal moƴƴo dow Maduka ngam William Dappa Pepple ngam o jaɓɓa ardiiɓe Bonny, o jaɓɓi mo. Goodhead ɗon holla bana ko nafata nder siyasa hakkunde Anna Pepple e Manila Pepple nder laamu bonny, nden ɗon mawnina bana marɗo e mawɗo, bana laamiiɗo Halliday e hooreejo Jack Brown wakkati maako.^{[http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol7num2/wariboko.pdf <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]} Goodhead wondiɗo jaayndeere dow 23 lewru Janaayo 1854, hakkunde leydi Britaaniya e ardiiɓe e ardiiji lesdi lesdi [[Afrik]], dow jaaynde e jaaynde maccuɓe. == Migration to Opobo (1870-1872) == Caggal nde feccere e konu hakkunde Bonny e Opobo, e ko wayi no e dow ko ɓe waɗi, ñalnde 3 lewru janare 1873 hooreeɓe Bonny e Oobo mbinndi alkawal dow "kooje jeegooje jeegooɗe Imo jeegooɓe bonny tan, e yimɓe e cuuɗi jeegooɗi Jaja e nder yimɓe ɓe Anna Pepple e ɓe ɗon haa Bonny, ɓe ndilli to Oobo. Ɓurɓe maɓɓe, misaalu Wariso e George Goodhead, ɓe njiɗi waylaade to Opobo, ɓurɓe famɗude ko Kuke (Cookey) e Oko Epelle e yimɓe maɓɓe. " Ko'e Kooke e George Goodheed ɗaɓɓiti hulɓinaare e nder wuro Juju (Finima) " wakkati haɓre mawnde hakkunde Anna Pepples e Manila Pepple nder Bonny ". Chief George Goodhead immiri e wari Opobo hakkunde 1870 e 1872, ɓaawo Jaja wari, nden o ha nder yimɓe sappo e nayi nder cuuɗi sappo e ɗiɗaɓo ɗi Jaja ƴiwoyi diga Bonny. O e saare maako ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon wondi nder yimɓe ɓurɓe ɓaawo ɗon nder nokkuuje ɗe jooni Opubo-Kala-Ama (Opobo) nder lesdi keso. == Firooji == 2uvzgos4xkqh9m0ewuv2mmfe4l7mu3f 177674 177673 2026-07-01T06:06:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Chief '''George Diepiriye Goodhead''' was a prominent Ibani chief. == Ɓaawoore == George Goodhead ko ɓiy mawɗo laamɗo Pepple I (Perekule) laamu Bonny . O teskaama ko ɓiy laamɗo Perekule jibinaaɗo caggal dewgal. Galle George Goodhead oo, ko adii fof ko laamɗo debbo Inndo ; no ɓeen ngoniri "julaagu ɗiɗo ƴeeŋtuɓe e laamu mum." Ɗum ɗon ɓeyda ngam innde saare wayla, ko ɗon holla sainiugo alkawal diga hooreejo. So, George Goodhead anndiraa ko laamɗo Indiyanke, nden Ukonu, George Goodheed e ɓaawo ɗun Ukonu kadi, ɗun hawti e laamiiɗo Opubo Bonny nder wakkati makko, nden o wondi mooliiɗo e mooliijo yimɓe Anna Pepple (ko ɓe hawti e cuuɗi 10: Wariso, Kuke, George GoodHeed (Ukonu), Iruanya (Uranta), Ibifa, Kiepirima (Toby), Epelle, Kala Ndassa, Tom Taylor, Wogu Dappa, Strongface ekn.) == Kuugal politik nder Laamu Bonny Mawɗo == Chief George Diepiriye Goodhead wonnoo ardiiɗo wuro Anna Pepple e o jokki gollal ngam rokkude laamu laamu laamu Pepple. O ɗon haɓɓa e nder ɓaawo fuu e fotaaki dow laamu hooreejo Maduka (Madu) nder caka 1830s; amma o jeyi nder kaso e Madu caggal nde o mari hakkiilo dow jaɓugo ceede ɗe Oropnaaɓe hokki. Nder kuugal Chief Goodhead, Chief Omuso (Jack) Brown of Finima, mo ɓaawo ɗon o waɗi kuugal moƴƴo dow Maduka ngam William Dappa Pepple ngam o jaɓɓa ardiiɓe Bonny, o jaɓɓi mo. Goodhead ɗon holla bana ko nafata nder siyasa hakkunde Anna Pepple e Manila Pepple nder laamu bonny, nden ɗon mawnina bana marɗo e mawɗo, bana laamiiɗo Halliday e hooreejo Jack Brown wakkati maako.^{[http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol7num2/wariboko.pdf <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]} Goodhead wondiɗo jaayndeere dow 23 lewru Janaayo 1854, hakkunde leydi Britaaniya e ardiiɓe e ardiiji lesdi lesdi [[Afrik]], dow jaaynde e jaaynde maccuɓe. == Migration to Opobo (1870-1872) == Caggal nde feccere e konu hakkunde Bonny e Opobo, e ko wayi no e dow ko ɓe waɗi, ñalnde 3 lewru janare 1873 hooreeɓe Bonny e Oobo mbinndi alkawal dow "kooje jeegooje jeegooɗe Imo jeegooɓe bonny tan, e yimɓe e cuuɗi jeegooɗi Jaja e nder yimɓe ɓe Anna Pepple e ɓe ɗon haa Bonny, ɓe ndilli to Oobo. Ɓurɓe maɓɓe, misaalu Wariso e George Goodhead, ɓe njiɗi waylaade to Opobo, ɓurɓe famɗude ko Kuke (Cookey) e Oko Epelle e yimɓe maɓɓe. " Ko'e Kooke e George Goodheed ɗaɓɓiti hulɓinaare e nder wuro Juju (Finima) " wakkati haɓre mawnde hakkunde Anna Pepples e Manila Pepple nder Bonny ". Chief George Goodhead immiri e wari Opobo hakkunde 1870 e 1872, ɓaawo Jaja wari, nden o ha nder yimɓe sappo e nayi nder cuuɗi sappo e ɗiɗaɓo ɗi Jaja ƴiwoyi diga Bonny. O e saare maako ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon wondi nder yimɓe ɓurɓe ɓaawo ɗon nder nokkuuje ɗe jooni Opubo-Kala-Ama (Opobo) nder lesdi keso. == Firooji == janra4b071052k49moft7vtbz7gwnx5 0 42908 177675 2026-07-01T06:07:35Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361370057|Selwyn MacGregor Grier]]" 177675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Selwyn Macgregor Grier''' KCMG (1 abriil 1878 – 8 noowammbar 1946) ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, guwerneer mawɗo duuɗe henndu tuggi 1935 haa 1937. O woni ɓiyum ɓiyum Richard Macgregor Grier (1835 - 1894), o ɗonno o jeyaa e nder wuro Rugeley e o jeyaa nder Lichfield, e debbo maako, Grace Allen, ɓiyum John Allen, ardiyanko Shropshire. Walaa maako, Lynda Grier, o laamiiɗo jannginoowo jannginooɓe British, o boo o laamii mo Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, diga 1921 haa 1945. O janngini haa Marlborough College e Pembroke College, Cambridge. O janngini hitaande e Berkhamsted School nder 1901-02 e Cheam School diga 1902 haa 1905. O ɓeydi jokkondirde e Goomu Koloniyaal nden o yahi Nigeria bana Assistant Resident nder Province [[Zariya|Zaria]] nder 1906, nden o ɓaawo ɗum o darni haa [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]] nder 1912 e [[Ibadan]] nder 1913. Daga 1921 haa 1925 o waɗi hooreejo jaayɗe leydi e nder 1925 o laatii darinoowo jaayɗe leyɗe leyɗe. O wondi gooto e ardiiɓe jaŋde Government College, Ibadan. Nder 1929 o dilli haa Caribbean bana mawɗo leydi [[Tirinidad e Tobago|Trinidad e Tobago]]. Nder 1935 o laamaama Goobnaaru Windward Islands amma o haani resignugo nder 1937 ngam wumɓe. O heɓii CMG nder 1929, o waɗii Knight Bachelor nder 1934 o ɓeydiima KCMG nder 1936. Grier warti to Ingiltere nden maayi nder Surrey nder 8 Noofambar 1946. == Firooji == ogc8j2zgapocpkgutc4hesdhn9xznta 177676 177675 2026-07-01T06:07:54Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Selwyn Macgregor Grier''' KCMG (1 abriil 1878 – 8 noowammbar 1946) ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, guwerneer mawɗo duuɗe henndu tuggi 1935 haa 1937. O woni ɓiyum ɓiyum Richard Macgregor Grier (1835 - 1894), o ɗonno o jeyaa e nder wuro Rugeley e o jeyaa nder Lichfield, e debbo maako, Grace Allen, ɓiyum John Allen, ardiyanko Shropshire. Walaa maako, Lynda Grier, o laamiiɗo jannginoowo jannginooɓe British, o boo o laamii mo Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, diga 1921 haa 1945. O janngini haa Marlborough College e Pembroke College, Cambridge. O janngini hitaande e Berkhamsted School nder 1901-02 e Cheam School diga 1902 haa 1905. O ɓeydi jokkondirde e Goomu Koloniyaal nden o yahi Nigeria bana Assistant Resident nder Province [[Zariya|Zaria]] nder 1906, nden o ɓaawo ɗum o darni haa [[Bauchi (Gelle)|Bauchi]] nder 1912 e [[Ibadan]] nder 1913. Daga 1921 haa 1925 o waɗi hooreejo jaayɗe leydi e nder 1925 o laatii darinoowo jaayɗe leyɗe leyɗe. O wondi gooto e ardiiɓe jaŋde Government College, Ibadan. Nder 1929 o dilli haa Caribbean bana mawɗo leydi [[Tirinidad e Tobago|Trinidad e Tobago]]. Nder 1935 o laamaama Goobnaaru Windward Islands amma o haani resignugo nder 1937 ngam wumɓe. O heɓii CMG nder 1929, o waɗii Knight Bachelor nder 1934 o ɓeydiima KCMG nder 1936. Grier warti to Ingiltere nden maayi nder Surrey nder 8 Noofambar 1946. == Firooji == qde3dzap1vhtj26s8h74av6rprizo05 0 42909 177679 2026-07-01T07:16:59Z ~2026-37518-76 14951 Created page with "[[File:Saqqezphotos2.jpg|300px|right|Saqqiz]] Saqqez ko wuro e nder diiwaan [[Kurdistan]] to leydi [[Iran]], ina waɗi fotde 250 000 neɗɗo. Yimɓe wuro ngoo ina kaala ɗemngal Kurde e Perse. Diina yimɓe nder wuro ngo ko Islaama, diina maɓɓe ko Sunni, ammaa ɗuuɗal yimɓe yahuudu'en meeɗi jooɗugo ton ɓe eggini lesdi Isra'iila nder duuɓi cappanɗe jawtuɗi. Geɗel gootel ngel wuro ngo woni ko e diiwaan koɗli to bannge worgo leydi Iraan, tawi ko nokkuuji koɗli..." 177679 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saqqezphotos2.jpg|300px|right|Saqqiz]] Saqqez ko wuro e nder diiwaan [[Kurdistan]] to leydi [[Iran]], ina waɗi fotde 250 000 neɗɗo. Yimɓe wuro ngoo ina kaala ɗemngal Kurde e Perse. Diina yimɓe nder wuro ngo ko Islaama, diina maɓɓe ko Sunni, ammaa ɗuuɗal yimɓe yahuudu'en meeɗi jooɗugo ton ɓe eggini lesdi Isra'iila nder duuɓi cappanɗe jawtuɗi. Geɗel gootel ngel wuro ngo woni ko e diiwaan koɗli to bannge worgo leydi Iraan, tawi ko nokkuuji koɗli ɓuuɓɗi. svnrid802287lcil7vuhbe0ek02bmd0 0 42910 177680 2026-07-01T08:35:06Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Olumide Ojerinde''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde Orelope/Irepo/Olorunsogo to diiwaan Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 9ɓo. == Tuugnorgal ==" 177680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olumide Ojerinde''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde Orelope/Irepo/Olorunsogo to diiwaan Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 9ɓo. == Tuugnorgal == odh7renuxvgnpe8arkgzqjcqzkt09ny 177681 177680 2026-07-01T09:09:37Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olumide Ojerinde''' ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde Orelope/Irepo/Olorunsogo to diiwaan Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 9ɓo.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Azeez|first=Biola|date=2024-06-27|title=Ex-Lawmaker, Ojerinde, hands over maternity, paediatric centre to Oyo govt|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ex-lawmaker-ojerinde-hands-over-maternity-paediatric-centre-to-oyo-govt/|access-date=2025-01-01|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=TVCN|date=2024-01-31|title=Former Reps, Olumide Ojerinde, Returns To APC In Oyo State - Trending News|url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/2024/01/former-reps-olumide-ojerinde-returns-to-apc-in-oyo-state/|access-date=2025-01-01|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302093912/https://www.tvcnews.tv/2024/01/former-reps-olumide-ojerinde-returns-to-apc-in-oyo-state/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Abide|first=Olayi|date=2024-01-31|title=Olumide Ojerinde, Ex-Reps' Member, Dumps Accord, Returns To APC|url=https://insideoyo.com/olumide-ojerinde-ex-reps-member-dumps-accord-returns-to-apc/|access-date=2025-01-01|website=InsideOyo.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> s8pi1mnbwxdvjod2iqkdeb7mbfxyr58 0 42911 177682 2026-07-01T09:17:26Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Olusegun Odebunmi''' HeɗtoR ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde Surulere/Ogo Oluwa to diiwaan Oyo e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 9ɓo.[1][2] == Nguurndam e golle puɗɗaaɗe == Odebunmi timmini jaŋde mum leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist, Oko, diiwaan Oyo (1974–1980), e jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist, Oko.  Ndeen o heɓi Dipolomaaji ordinateeruuji e njuɓɓudi binn..." 177682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olusegun Odebunmi''' HeɗtoR ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde Surulere/Ogo Oluwa to diiwaan Oyo e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 9ɓo.[1][2] == Nguurndam e golle puɗɗaaɗe == Odebunmi timmini jaŋde mum leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist, Oko, diiwaan Oyo (1974–1980), e jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist, Oko.  Ndeen o heɓi Dipolomaaji ordinateeruuji e njuɓɓudi binnditagol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ado-Ekiti, o heɓi kadi dipolomaaji ganndal e jaŋde njulaagu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ado-Ekiti.[3] Odebunmi fuɗɗii suɓaade e suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 2011, o suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2015 e hitaande 2019.[4]  O woni kadi hooreejo laabi tati laamu lesdi Surulere, lesdi Oyo, nden o laati komisinaajo haa lesdi Oyo, lesdi Oyo.[5][6][7] == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 6xwtmokiq6849tr8ldyfxfq4p0sxezp 177683 177682 2026-07-01T09:20:10Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olusegun Odebunmi''' HeɗtoR ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde Surulere/Ogo Oluwa to diiwaan Oyo e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 9ɓo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Falade|first=Olaotan|date=2021-07-13|title=Lawmaker who sponsored media amendment bills backtracks, gives reasons|url=https://thenewsguru.com/news/lawmaker-who-sponsored-media-amendment-bills-backtracks-gives-reasons/|access-date=2024-12-31|website=TheNewsGuru|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Thandiubani|date=2021-07-13|title=APC Lawmaker, Olusegun Odebunmi Suspends Controversial Press Gagging Bill|url=https://www.tori.ng/news/174932/apc-lawmaker-olusegun-odebunmi-suspends-controvers.html|access-date=2024-12-31|website=Tori.ng|language=English}}</ref> == Nguurndam e golle puɗɗaaɗe == Odebunmi timmini jaŋde mum leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist, Oko, diiwaan Oyo (1974–1980), e jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist, Oko.  Ndeen o heɓi Dipolomaaji ordinateeruuji e njuɓɓudi binnditagol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ado-Ekiti, o heɓi kadi dipolomaaji ganndal e jaŋde njulaagu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ado-Ekiti. Odebunmi fuɗɗii suɓaade e suudu sarɗiiji e hitaande 2011, o suɓaama kadi e hitaande 2015 e hitaande 2019. O woni kadi hooreejo laabi tati laamu lesdi Surulere, lesdi Oyo, nden o laati komisinaajo haa lesdi Oyo, lesdi Oyo. == Tuugnorgal == <references /> dvevhj2g61u8plt7erw0qdqmqdoefdj 0 42912 177684 2026-07-01T10:50:24Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Oluseyi Abiodun Makinde''' (HeɗtoR; jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 lewru Duujal hitaande 1967) ko injenieer, jom njulaagu, e dawriyanke, gonɗo guwerneer diiwaan Oyo gila 2019.[1][2][3] Ko o injenieer kadi ko o karallo ko faati e limto ndiyam e gaas.[4]  Ko kanko woni gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Makon Group Limited ;  sosiyetee petroŋ e gaas jeyaaɗo e leydi Nijeer.[5][6]  O sosi fedde makko adannde e nder petroŋ e gaas, ina wiyee Makon Engineering and Technical Services..." 177684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluseyi Abiodun Makinde''' (HeɗtoR; jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 lewru Duujal hitaande 1967) ko injenieer, jom njulaagu, e dawriyanke, gonɗo guwerneer diiwaan Oyo gila 2019.[1][2][3] Ko o injenieer kadi ko o karallo ko faati e limto ndiyam e gaas.[4]  Ko kanko woni gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Makon Group Limited ;  sosiyetee petroŋ e gaas jeyaaɗo e leydi Nijeer.[5][6]  O sosi fedde makko adannde e nder petroŋ e gaas, ina wiyee Makon Engineering and Technical Services, (METS) e duuɓi 29 e hitaande 1997, caggal nde o dañi duuɓi keewɗi e golle e sosiyeteeji petroŋ e gaas winndereeji.[2] Makinde ina joginoo woote guwerneer diiwaan Oyo e hitaande 2015 e dow laylaytol renndo (SDP) kono o dañii.[7][8][9][10][11] === Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol === Makinde jibinaa ko e janngirde wonnde limto, Pa Olatubosun Makinde, e Abigail Makinde mo Aigbofa Compound to Oja'ba, Ibadan, diiwaan Oyo.  Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo tataɓo e nder galle hee.[2][4]  Makinde fuɗɗii jaŋde mum to duɗal leslesal St Paul, o timmini jaŋde mum leslesre to duɗal leslesal St Michael, Yemetu, Ibadan.  Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bishop Phillips, to wuro Monatan, to wuro Ibadan.[12]  E hitaande 1985, o heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos (Unilag) ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko gadano e ganndal kuuraa. E hitaande 1998, Makinde janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to Houston, Texas, ko faati e Siistem udditgol kisal ;  e Ƴellitaare mbaawkaaji hiisiwal ngam ƴellitde golle to Duɗal Njulaagu Lagos (hannde ko Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Pan-Atlantic) e hitaande 1999.[13]  E hitaande 2000, o heɓi heblo ko faati e otooji.  E hitaande 2002, o janngi ko fayti e ƴettugol sampleeji (Fundaments de échantillonnage) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jiskoot, to wuro Kent, to leydi Angalteer.[13]  Kadi, e hitaande 2005, o janngi Faamde e safrude caɗeele njulaagu caɗtuɗe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Massachusetts (MIT), to Amerik.[13] == Golle karallaagal e njulaagu == Makinde neldaama ngam golle mum doole sukaaɓe ngenndiije (NYSC) to Sosiyetee Shell (SPDC) to leydi Nijeer, ɗo o woni caggal ɗuum e golle injenieer almuudo.  O golliima e mbaadiiji ceertuɗi ;  jogaade e tawtoreede eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi hakkunde 1990 e 1992.[4]  Tuggi 1992 haa 1997, o golliima e Injineer ladde (golle Eket) e nder Rebold International Limited e hitaande 1995, o toɗɗaa gardiiɗo ladde e nder sosiyetee gooto.[4] E hitaande 1997, Makinde sosi gollorde mum adannde, wiyeteende Makon Innjiniyaaruuji e Karallaagal Limited (METS), caggal nde o golli duuɓi joy (1992-1997) e sosiyeteeji petroŋ e gaas winndereeji keewɗi (IOC), hono gardiiɗo Innjiniyaaruuji.  Jooni ko kanko woni gardiiɗo fedde nde e nder fedde sosiyeteeji Makon.[5][6] Makinde ko tergal e juɓɓule karallaagal ngenndiije e winndereyankooje teeŋti noon : Fedde Innjiniyankooɓe Niiseer (NSE), Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kuule Innjiniyankooɓe e nder leydi Nijeer (COREN), Innjiniyankooɓe Diisnondiral Petroŋ e Gaas Nijeer (OGDEN), Fedde Adunaare Otomaasiyoŋ e MesaKa ;  e Duɗal Pooɗondiral Amerik (AMI).[2][14] == Golle politik == k6taev2y69hqx6kng8vs2tmu5gfv9ns 177686 177684 2026-07-01T10:58:16Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Oluseyi Abiodun Makinde''' (HeɗtoR; jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 lewru Duujal hitaande 1967) ko injenieer, jom njulaagu, e dawriyanke, gonɗo guwerneer diiwaan Oyo gila 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/oyo-guber-pdp-clears-28-lgs-to-dislodge-apc-as-makinde-emerges-gov-elect/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|last=Badru|first=Adeola|title=Oyo guber: PDP clears 28 LGS to dislodge APC as Makinde emerges gov-elect|date=10 March 2019|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref><ref name="ALL">{{cite news|title=Nigeria: Makinde - Profile of Oyo Guber PDP Aspirant|work=[[Independent Nigeria|Daily Independent]]|via=[[allAfrica]]|date=21 September 2014|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201409220019.html|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Oyeleke|first=Sodiq|date=15 January 2022|title=Presidency: I wish you well but want the best for Nigeria, Makinde tells Tinubu|url=https://punchng.com/presidency-i-wish-you-well-but-want-the-best-for-nigeria-makinde-tells-tinubu/|access-date=29 August 2024|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Ko o injenieer kadi ko o karallo ko faati e limto ndiyam e gaas.[4]  Ko kanko woni gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Makon Group Limited ;  sosiyetee petroŋ e gaas jeyaaɗo e leydi Nijeer.[5][6]  O sosi fedde makko adannde e nder petroŋ e gaas, ina wiyee Makon Engineering and Technical Services, (METS) e duuɓi 29 e hitaande 1997, caggal nde o dañi duuɓi keewɗi e golle e sosiyeteeji petroŋ e gaas winndereeji. Makinde ina joginoo woote guwerneer diiwaan Oyo e hitaande 2015 e dow laylaytol renndo (SDP) kono o dañii.[7][8][9][10][11] === Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol === Makinde jibinaa ko e janngirde wonnde limto, Pa Olatubosun Makinde, e Abigail Makinde mo Aigbofa Compound to Oja'ba, Ibadan, diiwaan Oyo.  Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo tataɓo e nder galle hee.[2][4]  Makinde fuɗɗii jaŋde mum to duɗal leslesal St Paul, o timmini jaŋde mum leslesre to duɗal leslesal St Michael, Yemetu, Ibadan.  Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bishop Phillips, to wuro Monatan, to wuro Ibadan.[12]  E hitaande 1985, o heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos (Unilag) ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko gadano e ganndal kuuraa. E hitaande 1998, Makinde janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde to Houston, Texas, ko faati e Siistem udditgol kisal ;  e Ƴellitaare mbaawkaaji hiisiwal ngam ƴellitde golle to Duɗal Njulaagu Lagos (hannde ko Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Pan-Atlantic) e hitaande 1999.[13]  E hitaande 2000, o heɓi heblo ko faati e otooji.  E hitaande 2002, o janngi ko fayti e ƴettugol sampleeji (Fundaments de échantillonnage) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Jiskoot, to wuro Kent, to leydi Angalteer.[13]  Kadi, e hitaande 2005, o janngi Faamde e safrude caɗeele njulaagu caɗtuɗe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Massachusetts (MIT), to Amerik.[13] == Golle karallaagal e njulaagu == Makinde neldaama ngam golle mum doole sukaaɓe ngenndiije (NYSC) to Sosiyetee Shell (SPDC) to leydi Nijeer, ɗo o woni caggal ɗuum e golle injenieer almuudo.  O golliima e mbaadiiji ceertuɗi ;  jogaade e tawtoreede eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi hakkunde 1990 e 1992.[4]  Tuggi 1992 haa 1997, o golliima e Injineer ladde (golle Eket) e nder Rebold International Limited e hitaande 1995, o toɗɗaa gardiiɗo ladde e nder sosiyetee gooto.[4] E hitaande 1997, Makinde sosi gollorde mum adannde, wiyeteende Makon Innjiniyaaruuji e Karallaagal Limited (METS), caggal nde o golli duuɓi joy (1992-1997) e sosiyeteeji petroŋ e gaas winndereeji keewɗi (IOC), hono gardiiɗo Innjiniyaaruuji.  Jooni ko kanko woni gardiiɗo fedde nde e nder fedde sosiyeteeji Makon.<ref>{{cite news|title=Oyo SDP Gov Candidate Pledges To Donate Salary To Teachers Pension If Elected|work=informationng.com|date=28 January 2015|url=https://www.informationng.com/2015/01/oyo-sdp-gov-candidate-pledges-to-donate-salary-to-teachers-pension-if-elected.html|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=I will lead by example –Olubadan|date=18 March 2016|url=https://punchng.com/i-will-lead-by-example-olubadan/|access-date=21 May 2016|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Court fixes March 23 for suit against Oyo SDP guber candidate|work=[[Premium Times]]|date=10 March 2015|url=https://premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/178241-court-fixes-march-23-for-suit-against-oyo-sdp-guber-candidate.html|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=2015 candidates one year after|date=10 April 2016|url=https://punchng.com/2015-candidates-one-year-after/|access-date=21 May 2016|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref><ref name="TNATION">{{cite news|last=Jeremiah|first=Oke|title=What next for Seyi Makinde?|date=27 July 2015|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/what-next-for-seyi-makinde/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=21 May 2016|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> Makinde ko tergal e juɓɓule karallaagal ngenndiije e winndereyankooje teeŋti noon : Fedde Innjiniyankooɓe Niiseer (NSE), Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e kuule Innjiniyankooɓe e nder leydi Nijeer (COREN), Innjiniyankooɓe Diisnondiral Petroŋ e Gaas Nijeer (OGDEN), Fedde Adunaare Otomaasiyoŋ e MesaKa ;  e Duɗal Pooɗondiral Amerik (AMI).[2][14] == Golle politik == n 2007, Seyi Makinde ƴami jooɗorde senateer Oyo Sud les njiimaandi lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya fuu (ANPP) amma o fooli kanndidaa lannda yimɓe- Kamoru Adedibu.[11]  Makinde heddii ko e ƴaañde eɓɓoore mum adannde nde o dañaani e hitaande 2010 ;  les lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe, PDP, o yiɗiino heɓde jooɗorde senateer Oyo Sud 2011 kono o dañii primaar e senateer Oyo Sud jooɗiiɗo jooni oo.[11][15][16][17] E hitaande 2014, Makinde yiɗiino heɓde tikket guwerneer diiwaan Oyo 2015 e les njiimaandi lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP).  E lewru Duujal 2014, nde wooteeji gadani lannda kaa njoofi, o haɗaa tikket suɓaade guwerneer.[18][19][20]  Makinde noon, heddii e yiɗde mum, o woppi lannda Social Democratic Party (SDP), e les njiimaandi ndi o fotnoo haɓaade kanndidaa guwerneer SDP mo diiwaan Oyo 2015, kono o yalti 3ɓo nde o garni ko ina tolnoo e 50 000.[20] E lewru Seeɗto 2017, hooreejo leydi PDP, Senator Ahmed Makarfi, yilliima mo to Ibadan e caggal diisnondiral yaajngal, luggiɗngal e yaajngal e ardiiɓe leydi ndii, ardiiɓe diiwaan Oyo e mawɓe lannda Sosiyetee Demokaraasi, e taƴe hakkunde gollodiiɓe strateeji nder diiwaan Oyo, Injenieer rendeki makko Seyi Mad  lannda, lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP).  O hollitii wonde naatde e PDP wonaa ngam heɓde nafoore mum kono ko ngam ƴellitde Dowla oo e heɓde peeje duumotooɗe ngam haɓaade caɗeele ɗe Dowla oo jogori dañde.[21][22] Ñalnde 29 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 2018, Makinde yalti e kanndidaa guwerneer lannda Demokaraasi Leñol (PDP) ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Oyo e hitaande 2019, caggal nde o heɓi 2772 woote e woote gadane ɗe o waɗi to estaad liberty, Oke-Ado to Ibadan][2]. Ñalnde 9 marse 2019, Makinde heɓi 515 621 woote, o fooli luulndo makko ɓurngo ɓadaade, hono Adebayo Adelabu mo lannda All Progressive mo heɓi 357 982 woote.  Kongres (APC), e nder wooteeji mawɗi.[24]  Makinde suɓaama nder Ofis Gomnati lesdi Oyo haa suɓol Gomnati lesdi Oyo 2019 je waɗi nyande 9 mars 2019.[25] Makinde ñalnde 29 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2019, o huniima wonde guwerneer 28ɓo e nder diiwaan Oyo.[26]  Makinde ƴetti laamu e juuɗe senateer Abiola Ajimobi caggal nde o waɗi duuɓi jeetati e laamu.[27] Ñalnde 7 abriil 2022, Makinde hollitii anniya mum dogde duuɓi nay goɗɗi no yimɓe moƴƴuɓe e nder diiwaan Oyo mbiyata nii sabu golle makko keewɗe gila o fuɗɗii laamu e hitaande 2019. O waɗii ndee bayyinaango e nder mesaas mo o yaltini e laylayti renndo makko e nder laylayti renndo, o wiyi wonde "if the people desire it of Oyour state more". Makinde haɓaama e woote gardagol leydi 2023 e nder ɗaɓɓaande makko ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Oyo ñalnde 18 marse,[28] o dañii woote ɗe o heɓi wooteeji ɓurɗi heewde ngam foolde luulndo makko ɓurngo ɓadaade Teslim Folarin mo Kongres (APC) e Adebayo AdelabucordA2]. O anndinaama keɓoowo e guwerneer cuɓaaɗo ngam diiwal Oyo ñalnde 19 mars e Komiseer Suɓngooji Leydi (INEC) caggal nde o hawri e o hebbini denndaangal ko sariya yamiri.[30] Ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2026, guwerneer diiwaan Oyo, Seyi Makinde yalti e kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e nder fedde yimɓe dentuɓe ko adii wooteeji mawɗi 2027.[31][32] == Njeenaaje e njeenaaje == Fedde Jaayndiyankooɓe Naajeeriya (Diiso leydi Oyo)-Darnde teskinnde e njeenaari Neɗɗaŋke.[33] Fedde ngenndiire janngooɓe Oke-Ogun (Ibadan)-Njeenaari teddungal.[34] Duɗal Fiditi Grammar (Oyo State)-Njeenaari mawndi almuudo ngam yettude darnde, darnde e gollal fedde nde e neɗɗaagu. Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar Chapter.-Njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e njulaagu. Fedde winndooɓe fijooji leydi Naajeeriya (Oyo State Chapter)-Njaru kaŋŋe ngam darnde mawnde e nde alaa ko nafata e ƴellitaare fijooji. Fedde Naajeeriya ngam huwooɓe rento (Oyo State Chapter)-Gesɗe moƴƴe e darnde ngam hokkugo kuuɗe rento. Njeenaari ngenndiwal CCII.[35] Rajo Fedde nde Naajeeriya (Ibadan) - hokki Seyi "Politician Astute of the Year 2018" ngam cemmbe maako ɗe o jokki e wallugo ɓe ngalaa baawɗe nder rento.[36] Nguurndam neɗɗo Makinde ina hoɗi to wuro Ibadan, to diiwaan Oyo.  O resii Tamunominini Makinde, jeyaaɗo to leydi Najeriya, ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe tato.[37] == Ƴeew kadi == Doggol guwerneeruuji diiwaan Oyo == Jokkondire yaajɗe == Lowre laawɗunde Seyi Makinde on X Seyi Makinde on Facebook == Tuugnorgal == <references /> evzh8lpvpcsx4c8u6d9ukauxz5cluo0 0 42913 177685 2026-07-01T10:57:22Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177685 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Samuel Ladòkè Akíntọ́lá (Heɗto) mo nganndu-ɗaa ko S.L.A. (6 sulyee 1910 – 15 janvier 1966) ko o dawriyanke, aristokraat, haaloowo, e awokaa Nijeer. O woniino Oloye Aare Ona Kakanfo XIII mo leydi Yoruba, o woniino hooreejo leydi Hirnaange Naajeeriya gila e jeytaare mum e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1966 nde o waraa. Nguurndam gadano Akintola jibinaa ko to Ogbomosho e nder galle Akintola Akinbola e Akanke. Baaba makko ko njulaagu, iwdi e galle njulaagu. E nder cukaagu makko, ɓesngu nguu ummiima to Minna, o janngi ko juuti to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Egliis Missionnaire Society to wuro ngo. E hitaande 1922, o arti Ogbomosho ngam hoɗde e mawniiko, caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal Baptist ñalnde kala hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist e hitaande 1925. O woniino jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist, Lagos gila 1930 haa 1942, o woniino tergal e fedde jannginooɓe toon e nder golle Baptist en Korporaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi. E nder oon sahaa, o anndi mawɗo H.O. Davies, awokaajo e siyaasaaku nden o naati nder kawtal sukaaɓe lesdi Naajeeriya haa o walli Ikoli nden o walli ɓaawo man ngam o wakilta Lagos nder kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i dow kanndidaaku Oba Samuel Akisanya, mo Nnamdi Azikiwe walli. O naati e gollotooɓe e jaaynde Daily Service, ɓooyaani o wonti gardiiɗo jaaynde ndee e hitaande 1943 e ballal mawɗo Akinola Maja, jom jawdi en, lomtii Ernest Ikoli gardiiɗo jaaynde ndee. Ko Akintola kadi woni sosɗo Iroyin Yoruba (jaaynde winndaande e ɗemngal Yoruba). E hitaande 1945, o salii seppo mawngo ngo NCNC mo Azikiwe e Michael Imoudu ardii, ɗum addani mo waasde hoolaade politikaaji hono mawɗo Anthony Enahoro. E hitaande 1946, o dañi bursi Angalteer ngam janngude to Angalteer, o timmini jaŋde makko sariya e hitaande 1950. O fuɗɗii golle makko sariya ko e golle awokaa to bannge leydi e geɗe siwil. E hitaande 1952, o sosi gollondiral e mawɗo Chris Ogunbanjo, mawɗo Bode Thomas e Mikael Odesanya. Golle politik Caggal nde o janngi awokaajo haa lesdi Biritaniya, Ladoke Akintola warti lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1949, o hawti bee Naajeeriya'en woɓɓe jannguɓe diga lesdi Hirnaange ngam ɓe sosda kawtal Action Group (AG) les ardungal hooreejo Obafemi Awolowo. Ko kanko woni e fuɗɗoode jaagorgal sariya fedde nde hade makko wontude cukko hooreejo e hitaande 1953 caggal maayde Bode Thomas. O fooli Arthur Perst e woote gardagol leydi ngam lomtaade Thomas. Ko o cukko hooreejo lanyol AG, o huuwaaki nder laamu diiwal hirnaange ngal hooreejo lesdi Awolowo ardii amma o laati ardiiɗo parlemaa Action Group/arduɗo luutooɓe nder suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Naajeeriya.[ Haa darnde lesdi Naajeeriya o laati ministaajo njamu, ɓaawo man o laati ministaajo jokkindiral e A. Kuule jowitiiɗe e jokkondire peeñɗe e lannda kaa, jaɓgol sosiyaalisma demokaraasi e nder lannda kaa e hare ngam ɓurde toowde e nder lannda kaa, addani Akintola e Awolowo luural. Akintola jaɓaani kuulal ngal Awolowo ƴetti ngam waasde naatde e laamu kawtal.[13] Akintola yiɗiino hawrude e lannda Action Group e Kongres yimɓe worgo.[14] O salii kadi kuulal lannda kaa ngam ƴettude sosiyaalisma demokaraasi ngam wonde miijo mum, o ɓuri yiɗde ko darnde ɓurnde tiiɗde.[ 77c4fouxpddrezkzsgoxv3cv7ye2e2z 177687 177685 2026-07-01T11:00:50Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177687 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawɗo Samuel Ladòkè Akíntọ́lá (Heɗto) mo nganndu-ɗaa ko S.L.A. (6 sulyee 1910 – 15 janvier 1966) ko o dawriyanke, aristokraat, haaloowo, e awokaa Nijeer. O woniino Oloye Aare Ona Kakanfo XIII mo leydi Yoruba, o woniino hooreejo leydi Hirnaange Naajeeriya gila e jeytaare mum e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1966 nde o waraa. Nguurndam gadano Akintola jibinaa ko to Ogbomosho e nder galle Akintola Akinbola e Akanke. Baaba makko ko njulaagu, iwdi e galle njulaagu. E nder cukaagu makko, ɓesngu nguu ummiima to Minna, o janngi ko juuti to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Egliis Missionnaire Society to wuro ngo. E hitaande 1922, o arti Ogbomosho ngam hoɗde e mawniiko, caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal Baptist ñalnde kala hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist e hitaande 1925. O woniino jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist, Lagos gila 1930 haa 1942, o woniino tergal e fedde jannginooɓe toon e nder golle Baptist en Korporaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi. E nder oon sahaa, o anndi mawɗo H.O. Davies, awokaajo e siyaasaaku nden o naati nder kawtal sukaaɓe lesdi Naajeeriya haa o walli Ikoli nden o walli ɓaawo man ngam o wakilta Lagos nder kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i dow kanndidaaku Oba Samuel Akisanya, mo Nnamdi Azikiwe walli. O naati e gollotooɓe e jaaynde Daily Service, ɓooyaani o wonti gardiiɗo jaaynde ndee e hitaande 1943 e ballal mawɗo Akinola Maja, jom jawdi en, lomtii Ernest Ikoli gardiiɗo jaaynde ndee. Ko Akintola kadi woni sosɗo Iroyin Yoruba (jaaynde winndaande e ɗemngal Yoruba). E hitaande 1945, o salii seppo mawngo ngo NCNC mo Azikiwe e Michael Imoudu ardii, ɗum addani mo waasde hoolaade politikaaji hono mawɗo Anthony Enahoro. E hitaande 1946, o dañi bursi Angalteer ngam janngude to Angalteer, o timmini jaŋde makko sariya e hitaande 1950. O fuɗɗii golle makko sariya ko e golle awokaa to bannge leydi e geɗe siwil. E hitaande 1952, o sosi gollondiral e mawɗo Chris Ogunbanjo, mawɗo Bode Thomas e Mikael Odesanya. Golle politik Caggal nde o janngi awokaajo haa lesdi Biritaniya, Ladoke Akintola warti lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1949, o hawti bee Naajeeriya'en woɓɓe jannguɓe diga lesdi Hirnaange ngam ɓe sosda kawtal Action Group (AG) les ardungal hooreejo Obafemi Awolowo. Ko kanko woni e fuɗɗoode jaagorgal sariya fedde nde hade makko wontude cukko hooreejo e hitaande 1953 caggal maayde Bode Thomas. O fooli Arthur Perst e woote gardagol leydi ngam lomtaade Thomas. Ko o cukko hooreejo lanyol AG, o huuwaaki nder laamu diiwal hirnaange ngal hooreejo lesdi Awolowo ardii amma o laati ardiiɗo parlemaa Action Group/arduɗo luutooɓe nder suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Naajeeriya.[ Haa darnde lesdi Naajeeriya o laati ministaajo njamu, ɓaawo man o laati ministaajo jokkindiral e A. Kuule jowitiiɗe e jokkondire peeñɗe e lannda kaa, jaɓgol sosiyaalisma demokaraasi e nder lannda kaa e hare ngam ɓurde toowde e nder lannda kaa, addani Akintola e Awolowo luural. Akintola jaɓaani kuulal ngal Awolowo ƴetti ngam waasde naatde e laamu kawtal.[13] Akintola yiɗiino hawrude e lannda Action Group e Kongres yimɓe worgo.[14] O salii kadi kuulal lannda kaa ngam ƴettude sosiyaalisma demokaraasi ngam wonde miijo mum, o ɓuri yiɗde ko darnde ɓurnde tiiɗde.[ Wolde do goɗɗo Akintola tuumaama e hooreejo Awolowo e yiɗde lomtaade mo e gardagol Ardiiɗo lannda kaa.[16 E lewru mee 1962, suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange ƴetti kuulal ngam ittude Akintola caggal nde lannda kaa adii waɗde woote ngam waasde hoolaade hooreejo leydi ndii e nder batu lannda kaa, kiriis fuɗɗii e17. Lannda AG feccii e pecce ɗiɗi ardinooɗe kirisuuji keewɗi e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange ardinoo laamu hakkundeejo/federaal, gardinooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ngam bayyinde laamu Dowlaaji Dentuɗi e nder diiwaan hee e mawɗo (Dr.) M.A Majekodun toɗɗaaɗo e njuɓɓudi Cellal Fedde nde1. Haa ragare Akintola warti laamu (hay so tawii o dañii hare sariya e Goomu Ñaawirde Privy Council, ndeen ñaawirdu toowndu leydi Nijeer)[19] hono hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 1963. E nder wooteeji mawɗi ɗi hitaande 1964, Akintola heɓi darnde mum e wonde hooreejo leydi ndii, wonaa tergal e fedde Action Groupy party Lannda Demokaraasi (NNDP), wonnoo ko e kawral e Kongres yimɓe worgo (NPC) lannda ka ndeen joginoo laamu fedde nde. Fiilngo makko ngo o waɗi e hitaande 1965, sikke alaa, ko ɗum addani mo ɗoon e ɗoon kuudetaa mo o waraa e lewru Yarkomaa 1966. Wade Akintola waraama to Ibadan, laamorgo diiwaan hirnaange,[20] ñalnde kuudetaa konu gadano leydi Najeriya ñalnde 15 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 1966—ɗum timmini laamu gadano.[21] Anndiraama kadi "Kuudetaa sukaaɓe mawɓe" walla "Kuudetaa sukaaɓe janvier", kuudetaa oo waɗii warngooji keewɗi e ardiiɓe politik, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko terɗe Kongres Yimɓe Fuɗnaange.[22] Caggal nde o maayi, tiitoonde Aare Ona Kankanfo ndee ina woɗɗi fotde duuɓi 21 haa mawɗo Moshood Abiola waɗtaa e maggal wonde Aare Ona Kankanfo 14ɓo, Alaafin Adeyemi III mo Oyo ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1988.[23] Sembe Akintola ko haaloowo tedduɗo.[24] E hitaande 1962 o halfinaa timminde sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ife, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal caggal ɗuum inniraa innde luulndiiɗo makko politik, Obafemi Awolowo. So tawii yimɓe fof ina cikki, alaa ko holliti wonde Awolowo meeɗii fuɗɗoraade walla wiyde ina sosa duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ife, ngal innde mum wayli ngam teddinde mo. Akintola ina jeyaa kadi e ƴellitgol otel Premier e monimaaji goɗɗi.[25] Nguurndam neɗɗo Akintola resi Faderera Akintola, o dañi ɓiɓɓe njoyo, ɗiɗo (Yomi Akintola e Dr. Yomi Akintola kadi laati ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya haa lesdi Hungary nden boo ɓiɗɗo debbo Samuel Akintola, Dupe Akintola laati ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya haa lesdi Jamayka. Ɓiɗɗo maako nayaɓo, Victor Ladipo Akintola, hokki ko ɗuuɗi nder yonki maako ngam tabitinki limngal limngal laaɓngal dow darnde Samuel Akintola ngam darnde Naajeeriya nder dingiral duuniyaaru. O yaltinii defte keewɗe ina heen binndanɗe nguurndam teeŋtinɗe yiɗde baaba makko e leydi e darnde makko e yahrude yeeso e nder nguurndam makko.[27] Ɓiɗɗo Akintola ɓurɗo famɗude, Tokunbo Akintola, ko suka ɓaleejo gadano e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Eton, o woni ko e deftere ɓurnde soodde nde winndiyanke Naajeeriya biyeteeɗo Dillibe Onyeama, Nigger to Eton winndi. Ñaawoowo Ladiran Akintola, ñaawoowo diiwaan Oyo, gonnooɗo jannginoowo sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Obafemi Awolowo, ko ɓiɗɗo Akintola jibinaaɗo e nder dewgal.[28] Duɗe ɗuuɗɗe, bana Jaami'aare Teknoloji Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomosho, sosaa nder wuro Akintola e nder gure Naajeeriya feere ngam siftorgo mo ɓaawo o maayi. Ƴeew kadi Yaakubu Odulate Tuugnorgal sr48vnzwjqkgly94o02uc3w0sljkgua 177689 177687 2026-07-01T11:03:39Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1Ref 177689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Mawɗo Samuel Ladòkè Akíntọ́lá (Heɗto) mo nganndu-ɗaa ko S.L.A. (6 sulyee 1910 – 15 janvier 1966) ko o dawriyanke, aristokraat, haaloowo, e awokaa Nijeer. O woniino Oloye Aare Ona Kakanfo XIII mo leydi Yoruba, o woniino hooreejo leydi Hirnaange Naajeeriya gila e jeytaare mum e hitaande 1960 haa e hitaande 1966 nde o waraa. Nguurndam gadano Akintola jibinaa ko to Ogbomosho e nder galle Akintola Akinbola e Akanke. Baaba makko ko njulaagu, iwdi e galle njulaagu. E nder cukaagu makko, ɓesngu nguu ummiima to Minna, o janngi ko juuti to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Egliis Missionnaire Society to wuro ngo. E hitaande 1922, o arti Ogbomosho ngam hoɗde e mawniiko, caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal Baptist ñalnde kala hade makko yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist e hitaande 1925. O woniino jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Baptist, Lagos gila 1930 haa 1942, o woniino tergal e fedde jannginooɓe toon e nder golle Baptist en Korporaasiyoŋ laana njoorndi. E nder oon sahaa, o anndi mawɗo H.O. Davies, awokaajo e siyaasaaku nden o naati nder kawtal sukaaɓe lesdi Naajeeriya haa o walli Ikoli nden o walli ɓaawo man ngam o wakilta Lagos nder kawtal hoore lesdi ndi'i dow kanndidaaku Oba Samuel Akisanya, mo Nnamdi Azikiwe walli. O naati e gollotooɓe e jaaynde Daily Service, ɓooyaani o wonti gardiiɗo jaaynde ndee e hitaande 1943 e ballal mawɗo Akinola Maja, jom jawdi en, lomtii Ernest Ikoli gardiiɗo jaaynde ndee. Ko Akintola kadi woni sosɗo Iroyin Yoruba (jaaynde winndaande e ɗemngal Yoruba). E hitaande 1945, o salii seppo mawngo ngo NCNC mo Azikiwe e Michael Imoudu ardii, ɗum addani mo waasde hoolaade politikaaji hono mawɗo Anthony Enahoro. E hitaande 1946, o dañi bursi Angalteer ngam janngude to Angalteer, o timmini jaŋde makko sariya e hitaande 1950. O fuɗɗii golle makko sariya ko e golle awokaa to bannge leydi e geɗe siwil. E hitaande 1952, o sosi gollondiral e mawɗo Chris Ogunbanjo, mawɗo Bode Thomas e Mikael Odesanya. Golle politik Caggal nde o janngi awokaajo haa lesdi Biritaniya, Ladoke Akintola warti lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1949, o hawti bee Naajeeriya'en woɓɓe jannguɓe diga lesdi Hirnaange ngam ɓe sosda kawtal Action Group (AG) les ardungal hooreejo Obafemi Awolowo. Ko kanko woni e fuɗɗoode jaagorgal sariya fedde nde hade makko wontude cukko hooreejo e hitaande 1953 caggal maayde Bode Thomas. O fooli Arthur Perst e woote gardagol leydi ngam lomtaade Thomas. Ko o cukko hooreejo lanyol AG, o huuwaaki nder laamu diiwal hirnaange ngal hooreejo lesdi Awolowo ardii amma o laati ardiiɗo parlemaa Action Group/arduɗo luutooɓe nder suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Naajeeriya.[ Haa darnde lesdi Naajeeriya o laati ministaajo njamu, ɓaawo man o laati ministaajo jokkindiral e A. Kuule jowitiiɗe e jokkondire peeñɗe e lannda kaa, jaɓgol sosiyaalisma demokaraasi e nder lannda kaa e hare ngam ɓurde toowde e nder lannda kaa, addani Akintola e Awolowo luural. Akintola jaɓaani kuulal ngal Awolowo ƴetti ngam waasde naatde e laamu kawtal.[13] Akintola yiɗiino hawrude e lannda Action Group e Kongres yimɓe worgo.[14] O salii kadi kuulal lannda kaa ngam ƴettude sosiyaalisma demokaraasi ngam wonde miijo mum, o ɓuri yiɗde ko darnde ɓurnde tiiɗde.[ Wolde do goɗɗo Akintola tuumaama e hooreejo Awolowo e yiɗde lomtaade mo e gardagol Ardiiɗo lannda kaa.[16 E lewru mee 1962, suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange ƴetti kuulal ngam ittude Akintola caggal nde lannda kaa adii waɗde woote ngam waasde hoolaade hooreejo leydi ndii e nder batu lannda kaa, kiriis fuɗɗii e17. Lannda AG feccii e pecce ɗiɗi ardinooɗe kirisuuji keewɗi e nder suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan hirnaange ardinoo laamu hakkundeejo/federaal, gardinooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ngam bayyinde laamu Dowlaaji Dentuɗi e nder diiwaan hee e mawɗo (Dr.) M.A Majekodun toɗɗaaɗo e njuɓɓudi Cellal Fedde nde1. Haa ragare Akintola warti laamu (hay so tawii o dañii hare sariya e Goomu Ñaawirde Privy Council, ndeen ñaawirdu toowndu leydi Nijeer)[19] hono hooreejo leydi ndii e hitaande 1963. E nder wooteeji mawɗi ɗi hitaande 1964, Akintola heɓi darnde mum e wonde hooreejo leydi ndii, wonaa tergal e fedde Action Groupy party Lannda Demokaraasi (NNDP), wonnoo ko e kawral e Kongres yimɓe worgo (NPC) lannda ka ndeen joginoo laamu fedde nde. Fiilngo makko ngo o waɗi e hitaande 1965, sikke alaa, ko ɗum addani mo ɗoon e ɗoon kuudetaa mo o waraa e lewru Yarkomaa 1966. Wade Akintola waraama to Ibadan, laamorgo diiwaan hirnaange,[20] ñalnde kuudetaa konu gadano leydi Najeriya ñalnde 15 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 1966—ɗum timmini laamu gadano.[21] Anndiraama kadi "Kuudetaa sukaaɓe mawɓe" walla "Kuudetaa sukaaɓe janvier", kuudetaa oo waɗii warngooji keewɗi e ardiiɓe politik, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko terɗe Kongres Yimɓe Fuɗnaange.[22] Caggal nde o maayi, tiitoonde Aare Ona Kankanfo ndee ina woɗɗi fotde duuɓi 21 haa mawɗo Moshood Abiola waɗtaa e maggal wonde Aare Ona Kankanfo 14ɓo, Alaafin Adeyemi III mo Oyo ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1988.[23] Sembe Akintola ko haaloowo tedduɗo.[24] E hitaande 1962 o halfinaa timminde sosde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ife, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal caggal ɗuum inniraa innde luulndiiɗo makko politik, Obafemi Awolowo. So tawii yimɓe fof ina cikki, alaa ko holliti wonde Awolowo meeɗii fuɗɗoraade walla wiyde ina sosa duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ife, ngal innde mum wayli ngam teddinde mo. Akintola ina jeyaa kadi e ƴellitgol otel Premier e monimaaji goɗɗi.[25] Nguurndam neɗɗo Akintola resi Faderera Akintola, o dañi ɓiɓɓe njoyo, ɗiɗo (Yomi Akintola e Dr. Yomi Akintola kadi laati ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya haa lesdi Hungary nden boo ɓiɗɗo debbo Samuel Akintola, Dupe Akintola laati ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya haa lesdi Jamayka. Ɓiɗɗo maako nayaɓo, Victor Ladipo Akintola, hokki ko ɗuuɗi nder yonki maako ngam tabitinki limngal limngal laaɓngal dow darnde Samuel Akintola ngam darnde Naajeeriya nder dingiral duuniyaaru. O yaltinii defte keewɗe ina heen binndanɗe nguurndam teeŋtinɗe yiɗde baaba makko e leydi e darnde makko e yahrude yeeso e nder nguurndam makko.[27] Ɓiɗɗo Akintola ɓurɗo famɗude, Tokunbo Akintola, ko suka ɓaleejo gadano e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Eton, o woni ko e deftere ɓurnde soodde nde winndiyanke Naajeeriya biyeteeɗo Dillibe Onyeama, Nigger to Eton winndi. Ñaawoowo Ladiran Akintola, ñaawoowo diiwaan Oyo, gonnooɗo jannginoowo sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Obafemi Awolowo, ko ɓiɗɗo Akintola jibinaaɗo e nder dewgal.[28] Duɗe ɗuuɗɗe, bana Jaami'aare Teknoloji Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomosho, sosaa nder wuro Akintola e nder gure Naajeeriya feere ngam siftorgo mo ɓaawo o maayi. Ƴeew kadi Yaakubu Odulate Tuugnorgal 9bacgc6s3lbuow4iq1qwwh45q11pma5 0 42914 177688 2026-07-01T11:01:25Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Abdulraheem Adebayo''' Adeleke LawallistenR (jibinaa ko 14 abriil 1954) ko awokaa e politik Najeriya, o woniino cukko guwerneer diiwaan Oyo gila lewru juko 2022, o toɗɗaa e golle ɗee caggal nde Rauf Olaniyan ñaawii laamu  mo.[1][2] O woniino hooreejo, fedde koɗki leydi Oyo.[3]  O heɓi bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o heɓi bakkaa makko e sariya.  O toɗɗaama Komiseer Ñaawirde e Jaagorgal leydi Oyo e hitaande 1999 e juuɗe Lam Adesina, o g..." 177688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdulraheem Adebayo''' Adeleke LawallistenR (jibinaa ko 14 abriil 1954) ko awokaa e politik Najeriya, o woniino cukko guwerneer diiwaan Oyo gila lewru juko 2022, o toɗɗaa e golle ɗee caggal nde Rauf Olaniyan ñaawii laamu  mo.[1][2] O woniino hooreejo, fedde koɗki leydi Oyo.[3]  O heɓi bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o heɓi bakkaa makko e sariya.  O toɗɗaama Komiseer Ñaawirde e Jaagorgal leydi Oyo e hitaande 1999 e juuɗe Lam Adesina, o golliima haa hitaande 2003.[4] == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 3993tusz14wik2gisu2kutpa0cyig8d 177690 177688 2026-07-01T11:05:09Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Abdulraheem Adebayo''' Adeleke LawallistenR (jibinaa ko 14 abriil 1954) ko awokaa e politik Najeriya, o woniino cukko guwerneer diiwaan Oyo gila lewru juko 2022, o toɗɗaa e golle ɗee caggal nde Rauf Olaniyan ñaawii laamu  mo.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Adebayo|first1=Musliudeen|title=Oyo Assembly approves nomination of Bayo Lawal as new Deputy Governor|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/07/18/oyo-assembly-approves-nomination-of-bayo-lawal-as-new-deputy-governor/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=18 July 2022|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Oyo gets new deputy gov after Olaniyan's removal|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-oyo-gets-new-deputy-gov-after-olaniyans-removal/|date=18 July 2022|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> O woniino hooreejo, fedde koɗki leydi Oyo. O heɓi bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan, o heɓi bakkaa makko e sariya.  O toɗɗaama Komiseer Ñaawirde e Jaagorgal leydi Oyo e hitaande 1999 e juuɗe Lam Adesina, o golliima haa hitaande 2003. == Tuugnorgal == <references /> rlvr8rmb6ijeh9bzzsnsdj57dri34pk 0 42915 177691 2026-07-01T11:08:06Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Abiodun Awoleye''' listenR ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde nde to Ibadan worgo leydi Oyo e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 8ɓo.[1][2][3] == Tuugnorgal ==" 177691 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abiodun Awoleye''' listenR ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde nde to Ibadan worgo leydi Oyo e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 8ɓo.[1][2][3] == Tuugnorgal == bt7g40jcbfc5bdfp66nh5axvhi02a5e 177692 177691 2026-07-01T11:10:03Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abiodun Awoleye''' listenR ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde nde to Ibadan worgo leydi Oyo e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 8ɓo.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Adebayo|first=Musliudeen|date=2019-02-25|title=Oyo Reps member, Awoleye loses return bid to APC candidate, Akinremi|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/02/25/oyo-reps-member-awoleye-loses-return-bid-apc-candidate-akinremi/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-01|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ibadan|first=Raji Adebayo|date=2019-02-26|title=House Of Rep: Awoleye Loses Third Term Bid To APC Candidate, Akinremi {{!}} Lagos Post Online|url=https://www.lagospostng.com/house-of-rep-awoleye-loses-third-term-bid-to-apc-candidate-akinremi/|access-date=2025-01-01|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=BusinessDay|date=2015-04-20|title=Build on 2015 elections success, Awoleye urges INEC|url=https://businessday.ng/uncategorized/article/build-on-2015-elections-success-awoleye-urges-inec/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-01|newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> n8t0laxsfu74cgjfrrdi5oqnna96vy2 177693 177692 2026-07-01T11:11:47Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Abiodun Awoleye''' listenR ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde nde to Ibadan worgo leydi Oyo e nder Asamblee ngenndiijo 8ɓo.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Adebayo|first=Musliudeen|date=2019-02-25|title=Oyo Reps member, Awoleye loses return bid to APC candidate, Akinremi|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/02/25/oyo-reps-member-awoleye-loses-return-bid-apc-candidate-akinremi/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-01|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ibadan|first=Raji Adebayo|date=2019-02-26|title=House Of Rep: Awoleye Loses Third Term Bid To APC Candidate, Akinremi {{!}} Lagos Post Online|url=https://www.lagospostng.com/house-of-rep-awoleye-loses-third-term-bid-to-apc-candidate-akinremi/|access-date=2025-01-01|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=BusinessDay|date=2015-04-20|title=Build on 2015 elections success, Awoleye urges INEC|url=https://businessday.ng/uncategorized/article/build-on-2015-elections-success-awoleye-urges-inec/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-01|newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> okke4ivbjeyed6nn4kl1i8nqs6mhjuu 0 42916 177694 2026-07-01T11:19:53Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "{{Databox}}'''Temilolu Nurudeen Seun Ashamu''' ko awokaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o ɗon mari siyaasaaku, o ɗon mari haaje hukuumaaji pamari ɗi lesdi Oyo. == Jaangirde == Ashamu heɓi jaŋde mum adannde ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Eltham College to leydi Angalteer (UK).  Caggal ɗuum o janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kent, to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi LL.B.  (Hons.) dipolom, rewi heen ko Master e sariyaaji (LL.M.) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Londres (UCL),..." 177694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Temilolu Nurudeen Seun Ashamu''' ko awokaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o ɗon mari siyaasaaku, o ɗon mari haaje hukuumaaji pamari ɗi lesdi Oyo. == Jaangirde == Ashamu heɓi jaŋde mum adannde ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Eltham College to leydi Angalteer (UK).  Caggal ɗuum o janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kent, to leydi Angalteer, ɗo o heɓi LL.B.  (Hons.) dipolom, rewi heen ko Master e sariyaaji (LL.M.) to Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Londres (UCL), Duɗal Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Londres.[1]  O timmini janngirde maako dow ko laarani sariya bee nanta o ɗon mari haaje hukuumaaji rento lesdi Biritaniya e lesdi Naajeeriya bee jaangirde haa janngirde sariya BPP, lesdi Naajeeriya, e janngirde sariya lesdi Naajeeriya.[2] == Kugal == E nder golle sariya, golle makko ɓuri teeŋtude ko e arbitraasi, e njuɓɓudi njulaagu caggal leydi, e darnde wasiyaaji e nder fannuuji ko wayi no semmbe, njulaagu, kaalis gollorɗe, njoɓdi, e jeyi leydi.  O jeyaa ko e fedde sariya to suudu sariya njulaagu Babalakin & Co.[2][1] Naatgol makko e golle laamu fuɗɗii ko e toɗɗagol makko e juuɗe guwerneer diiwaan Oyo, hono Seyi Makinde, hono Komiseer tedduɗo ngam Energy & Resources Mineral.[3][4]  E hitaande 2025, o artiraa e portofolio Komiseer toppitiiɗo ko fayti e taariindi e jawdi tago.[2] == Aandinol == Ashamu annditaama bana Ambasadeer haa janngirde sariya Kent, nden o heɓi kadi njeenaari Duke of Edinburgh ngam tawtoreede maako nder ardungal e kuuɗe rento.[1] == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 6qck6ggnasmb9pjn5ggcar8e9c4f42r 0 42917 177695 2026-07-01T11:32:15Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "{{Databox}}'''Yunus Akintundelisten'''ⓘ ko siyaasyanke mo Naajeeriya.  O woni hannde ko Senator lomtotooɗo diiwaan Oyo Cakaari e nder diiwaan Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 10ɓo.[1][2][3] == Tuugnorgal == <references />" 177695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Yunus Akintundelisten'''ⓘ ko siyaasyanke mo Naajeeriya.  O woni hannde ko Senator lomtotooɗo diiwaan Oyo Cakaari e nder diiwaan Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 10ɓo.[1][2][3] == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 96rm2ydg3icuyprmv3r8yzujejbjdge 177696 177695 2026-07-01T11:33:31Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Yunus Akintundelisten'''ⓘ ko siyaasyanke mo Naajeeriya.  O woni hannde ko Senator lomtotooɗo diiwaan Oyo Cakaari e nder diiwaan Oyo e nder Asaambele ngenndi 10ɓo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-02-27|title=INEC Declares APC's Yunus Akintunde, Remi Oseni Winners Of Oyo Central Senatorial District, Ibarapa East/Ido Fed Constituency Elections Respectively|url=https://independent.ng/inec-declares-apcs-yunus-akintunde-remi-oseni-winners-of-oyo-central-senatorial-district-ibarapa-east-ido-fed-constituency-elections-respectively/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-04|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=TVCN|date=2023-09-12|title=Tribunal Affirms Election Of Yunus Akintunde as Oyo Central Senator - Trending News|url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/2023/09/tribunal-affirms-election-of-yunus-akintunde-as-oyo-central-senator/|access-date=2025-01-04|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104132957/https://www.tvcnews.tv/2023/09/tribunal-affirms-election-of-yunus-akintunde-as-oyo-central-senator/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Idoko|first=Clement|date=2024-01-13|title=Oyo Central: Arewa community hails Sen Akintunde's over inclusive appointment|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/oyo-central-arewa-community-hails-sen-akintundes-over-inclusive-appointment/|access-date=2025-01-04|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 6elus364zz8akghke5vzn0klnqvqlhr 0 42918 177697 2026-07-01T11:39:30Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Akintola George Oluokunlisten'''R ko siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, o wakiiliijo lesdi Akinyele/Lagelu nder jihawol Oyo.  O suɓaama e les lannda Kongres (APC) e hitaande 2019.[1][2][3] == Tuugnorgal == <references />" 177697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akintola George Oluokunlisten'''R ko siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, o wakiiliijo lesdi Akinyele/Lagelu nder jihawol Oyo.  O suɓaama e les lannda Kongres (APC) e hitaande 2019.[1][2][3] == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 0cay5ooq4mx7u2ayrek7ywxori91jjh 177698 177697 2026-07-01T11:43:33Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Akintola George Oluokunlisten'''R ko siyaasaajo lesdi Naajeeriya, o laati tergal nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Naajeeriya, o wakiiliijo lesdi Akinyele/Lagelu nder jihawol Oyo.  O suɓaama e les lannda Kongres (APC) e hitaande 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Oke|first=Jeremiah|date=2019-08-18|title=Tribunal dismisses petition against Folarin, three others - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/tribunal-dismisses-petition-against-folarin-three-others/|access-date=2025-01-07|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sobowale|first=Rasheed|date=2021-07-09|title=List of House of Reps members and their political parties|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/list-of-house-of-reps-members-and-their-political-parties/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-07|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=undefined candidate data for 2023 - Stears Elections|url=https://www.stears.co/elections/candidates/akintola-oluokun-george/|access-date=2025-01-07|website=www.stears.co}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> 89j1rximywirf3bj5fglz3l44jnf88l 0 42919 177699 2026-07-01T11:48:58Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Musiliudeen Olaide Akinremi''' (1973-2024) ko neɗɗo dawrugol leydi Najeriya.  O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji duuɓi ɗiɗi, lomtotooɗo diiwaan Ibadan worgo leydi Oyo e les njiimaandi fedde wiyeteende All Progressive Congress (APC).  O sankii ko e lewru juko hitaande 2024, omo yahra e duuɓi 51. == Tuugnorgal == <references />" 177699 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musiliudeen Olaide Akinremi''' (1973-2024) ko neɗɗo dawrugol leydi Najeriya.  O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji duuɓi ɗiɗi, lomtotooɗo diiwaan Ibadan worgo leydi Oyo e les njiimaandi fedde wiyeteende All Progressive Congress (APC).  O sankii ko e lewru juko hitaande 2024, omo yahra e duuɓi 51. == Tuugnorgal == <references /> i0krsifwzr12dmdol53itwghfkd4yhw 177700 177699 2026-07-01T11:52:20Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Musiliudeen Olaide Akinremi''' (1973-2024) ko neɗɗo dawrugol leydi Najeriya.  O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji duuɓi ɗiɗi, lomtotooɗo diiwaan Ibadan worgo leydi Oyo e les njiimaandi fedde wiyeteende All Progressive Congress (APC).  O sankii ko e lewru juko hitaande 2024, omo yahra e duuɓi 51.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reporters|first=Our|date=2024-07-10|title=JUST IN: Oyo APC Rep Akinremi dies at 51|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-oyo-apc-rep-akinremi-dies-at-51/|access-date=2025-01-25|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ajibola|first=Soji|last2=Akintola|first2=Kehinde|last3=Akintola|first3=Soji Ajibola and Kehinde|date=2024-07-10|title=UPDATED: Oyo APC lawmaker, Akinremi, is dead|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/breaking-oyo-apc-lawmaker-akinremi-is-dead/|access-date=2025-01-25|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Reporter|first=Our|date=2024-07-11|title=House of Reps member Akinremi dies|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/house-of-reps-member-akinremi-dies/#google_vignette|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-25|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> quzc7yd00wb9dut8mhspn2908ffwicw 177703 177700 2026-07-01T11:53:41Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 177703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Musiliudeen Olaide Akinremi''' (1973-2024) ko neɗɗo dawrugol leydi Najeriya.  O woniino tergal suudu sarɗiiji duuɓi ɗiɗi, lomtotooɗo diiwaan Ibadan worgo leydi Oyo e les njiimaandi fedde wiyeteende All Progressive Congress (APC).  O sankii ko e lewru juko hitaande 2024, omo yahra eduuɓi 51.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reporters|first=Our|date=2024-07-10|title=JUST IN: Oyo APC Rep Akinremi dies at 51|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-oyo-apc-rep-akinremi-dies-at-51/|access-date=2025-01-25|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ajibola|first=Soji|last2=Akintola|first2=Kehinde|last3=Akintola|first3=Soji Ajibola and Kehinde|date=2024-07-10|title=UPDATED: Oyo APC lawmaker, Akinremi, is dead|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/breaking-oyo-apc-lawmaker-akinremi-is-dead/|access-date=2025-01-25|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Reporter|first=Our|date=2024-07-11|title=House of Reps member Akinremi dies|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/house-of-reps-member-akinremi-dies/#google_vignette|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-25|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == <references /> lkpxl80ybcsd1cztxz367b2dre73quw 0 42920 177701 2026-07-01T11:52:40Z Isa Oumar 9821 Created page with "'''Gilbert Onyekachukwu Ibezim''' <ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-03-17|title=Obiano leaves Soludo's inauguration venue as dignitaries scramble for entrance|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-obiano-leaves-soludos-inauguration-venue-as-dignitaries-scramble-for-entrance/|access-date=2022-03-17|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Prof. Soludo Discovered Dr Ibezim, His Running Mate In The Nov 6 Anambra Gubernatorial Election|url=https://www.absra..." 177701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gilbert Onyekachukwu Ibezim''' <ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-03-17|title=Obiano leaves Soludo's inauguration venue as dignitaries scramble for entrance|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-obiano-leaves-soludos-inauguration-venue-as-dignitaries-scramble-for-entrance/|access-date=2022-03-17|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Prof. Soludo Discovered Dr Ibezim, His Running Mate In The Nov 6 Anambra Gubernatorial Election|url=https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/07/03/how-prof-soludo-discovered-dr-ibezim-his-running-mate-in-the-nov-6-anambra-gubernatorial-election/|access-date=2022-03-17|website=Heartbeat Of The East|language=en-US|archive-date=31 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331005956/https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/07/03/how-prof-soludo-discovered-dr-ibezim-his-running-mate-in-the-nov-6-anambra-gubernatorial-election/|url-status=dead}}</ref>( jibinaa ko 19 noowammbar 1978) ko politikyanke Najeriya, cafroowo, o woniino cukko guwerneer diiwaan Anambra gila 17 mars 2022 wooteeji.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-01|title=Court dismisses suit seeking Soludo's, deputy's disqualifications as APGA candidate|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/court-dismisses-suit-seeking-soludos-deputys-disqualifications-as-apga-candidate/|access-date=2022-03-17|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref> Ibezim ko miñiiko Aleksander Chibuzo Ibezim, bismaango Eklesiya Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-01|title=Court dismisses suit seeking Soludo's, deputy's disqualifications as APGA candidate|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/court-dismisses-suit-seeking-soludos-deputys-disqualifications-as-apga-candidate/|access-date=2022-03-17|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-03-17|title=Obiano leaves Soludo's inauguration venue as dignitaries scramble for entrance|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-obiano-leaves-soludos-inauguration-venue-as-dignitaries-scramble-for-entrance/|access-date=2022-03-17|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Prof. Soludo Discovered Dr Ibezim, His Running Mate In The Nov 6 Anambra Gubernatorial Election|url=https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/07/03/how-prof-soludo-discovered-dr-ibezim-his-running-mate-in-the-nov-6-anambra-gubernatorial-election/|access-date=2022-03-17|website=Heartbeat Of The East|language=en-US|archive-date=31 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331005956/https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/07/03/how-prof-soludo-discovered-dr-ibezim-his-running-mate-in-the-nov-6-anambra-gubernatorial-election/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == 7k8fwfhtkpzg2uu7ywurhce2qoa5wit 177702 177701 2026-07-01T11:53:23Z Isa Oumar 9821 177702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Gilbert Onyekachukwu Ibezim''' <ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-03-17|title=Obiano leaves Soludo's inauguration venue as dignitaries scramble for entrance|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-obiano-leaves-soludos-inauguration-venue-as-dignitaries-scramble-for-entrance/|access-date=2022-03-17|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Prof. Soludo Discovered Dr Ibezim, His Running Mate In The Nov 6 Anambra Gubernatorial Election|url=https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/07/03/how-prof-soludo-discovered-dr-ibezim-his-running-mate-in-the-nov-6-anambra-gubernatorial-election/|access-date=2022-03-17|website=Heartbeat Of The East|language=en-US|archive-date=31 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331005956/https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/07/03/how-prof-soludo-discovered-dr-ibezim-his-running-mate-in-the-nov-6-anambra-gubernatorial-election/|url-status=dead}}</ref>( jibinaa ko 19 noowammbar 1978) ko politikyanke Najeriya, cafroowo, o woniino cukko guwerneer diiwaan Anambra gila 17 mars 2022 wooteeji.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-01|title=Court dismisses suit seeking Soludo's, deputy's disqualifications as APGA candidate|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/court-dismisses-suit-seeking-soludos-deputys-disqualifications-as-apga-candidate/|access-date=2022-03-17|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref> Ibezim ko miñiiko Aleksander Chibuzo Ibezim, bismaango Eklesiya Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-01|title=Court dismisses suit seeking Soludo's, deputy's disqualifications as APGA candidate|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/court-dismisses-suit-seeking-soludos-deputys-disqualifications-as-apga-candidate/|access-date=2022-03-17|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-03-17|title=Obiano leaves Soludo's inauguration venue as dignitaries scramble for entrance|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-obiano-leaves-soludos-inauguration-venue-as-dignitaries-scramble-for-entrance/|access-date=2022-03-17|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Prof. Soludo Discovered Dr Ibezim, His Running Mate In The Nov 6 Anambra Gubernatorial Election|url=https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/07/03/how-prof-soludo-discovered-dr-ibezim-his-running-mate-in-the-nov-6-anambra-gubernatorial-election/|access-date=2022-03-17|website=Heartbeat Of The East|language=en-US|archive-date=31 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331005956/https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/07/03/how-prof-soludo-discovered-dr-ibezim-his-running-mate-in-the-nov-6-anambra-gubernatorial-election/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tuugnorgal == bcpk6caitnk1xj6mwgoti5vp12twxp6 0 42921 177706 2026-07-01T11:58:37Z Hauwa ali umar 8656 Created page with "'''Saheed Akinade Fijabilisten'''ⓘ ko siyaasyanke mo Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde nde to Ibadan to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange/fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Oyo to Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo.[1][2][3] == Tuugnorgal == <references />" 177706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saheed Akinade Fijabilisten'''ⓘ ko siyaasyanke mo Naajeeriya.  O woniino tergal e suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde, o lomtii diiwaan fedde nde to Ibadan to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange/fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Oyo to Asaambele ngenndi 8ɓo.[1][2][3] == Tuugnorgal == <references /> lmvtafoaeekw717l8cchbdtasqsqxzl