Wikipedia ffwiki https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_ja%C9%93%C9%93orgo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4735 177958 177957 2026-07-04T14:50:34Z MOIBARDE 10068 Add image , links and references 177958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Mallam Aminu Kano''' HeɗorGCON<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://gazettes.africa/akn/ng/officialGazette/government-gazette/1982-10-01/50/eng@1982-10-01|title=Nigeria Government Gazette dated 1982-10-01 number 50|date=1982-10-01|language=en}}</ref> (9 [[lewru]] bowte hitaande 1920 — 17 [[lewru]] abriil hitaande 1983) ko dawriyanke, jannginoowo, yimoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji, e senndikaajo jeyaaɗo to [[Kano]]. Gooto nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe anndugo nder diidaaɗi ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e taariiha siyaasaaku ɓaawo ndimu ndimu, o anndiraama ngam luulndaaki laamu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], laamu laamiiɓe aadaaji, e soynde potal ummatoore nder woyla [[Naajeeriya]]. O woniino sosɗo Dental Ƴellitaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange (NEPU) caggal ɗuum o ardii lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe lanndaaji sosiyaalist en, daraniiɓe ndimaagu talakawa (''commons'') e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Bennett|first=Eric|editor-first1=Henry Louis|editor-first2=Kwame Anthony|editor-last1=Gates|editor-last2=Appiah|title=Kano, Alhaji Aminu|date=2010|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Africa|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-2167|access-date=2024-05-23|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-533770-9|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Reynolds|first=Jonathan T.|editor-first1=Emmanuel K.|editor-first2=Henry Louis|editor-last1=Akyeampong|editor-last2=Gates|chapter=Kano, Muhammad Aminu|date=2011-01-01|title=Dictionary of African Biography|chapter-url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1016|access-date=2024-05-23|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":31">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Eltantawi|first=Sarah|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1m3p0h2|title=Shari'ah on Trial: Northern Nigeria's Islamic Revolution|date=2017|publisher=University of California Press|edition=1|pages=29|doi=10.1525/j.ctt1m3p0h2}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Uwechue|first=Raph|title=Makers of Modern Africa (Second ed.)|publisher=Africa Books Limited|year=1991|isbn=0903274183|location=United Kingdom|pages=323–324}}</ref> Aminu fuɗɗorii golle mum ko jannginoowo, o yalti ko e ƴaañde laamu koloñaal Angalteer gila e fuɗɗoode, o luulndii aristokraasi jibinannde e yeeso yimɓe fof, o ñiŋii laamu koloñaal nguu, ngu woni ko e tooñde e huutoraade talakawa en. E hitaande 1948, o sosi Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange, fedde gollotooɓe e Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], o wonti tergal sosngal Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC), nde o woppi caggal ɗuum sabu jokkere enɗam mum. Ko o hooreejo NEPU gila 1953, o daranii sosiyaalisma demokaraasi, hakkeeji rewɓe, e doole talakawa, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e kuule [[lislaam]] e nuunɗal renndo.<ref name=":312">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref> O huwi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] diga hitaande 1959 nden o waɗi kuuɗe ministaajo nder wakkati sooje'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nden o laati Komisinaajo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] les laamu [[Yakubu Gowon]]. Ko o depitee parlemaa e nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Aminu Kano ina wallitnoo dille ndimaagu e nder [[Afrik]], ina ƴellita politik caggal leydi mo aldaa e paltoor. O arti caggal mum e politik lannda e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓere, o woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP.<ref name=":314">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":145">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref> Aminu Kano, mo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon laara bana waylugo gite, o acci limngal duumingal nder miijo siyaasaaku lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Juɓɓule inniraaɗe e teddungal makko ina njeyaa heen: Aeroport hakkunde leyɗeele Mallam Aminu Kano, opitaal jannginoowo Aminu Kano, e koleesuuji keewɗi e nokkuuji wiɗto. O limtaama nder baaba'en sosɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] hannde, nden o ɗon mari maande ngam nuunɗal rento e kuuɗe ɗen.<ref name=":313">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam: Aminu Kano|publisher=Brill Reference Online|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|edition=3rd|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref> ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Aminu Kano jibinaa ko e nder wuro Sudawa to Kano ñalnde 9 ut 1920 e Rakaiya e Mallam Yusufu mo Gyanawa, leñol Fulɓe anndiraaɓe e humpito mum en e sariyaaji lislaam.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam: Aminu Kano|publisher=Brill Reference Online|editor-last=Fleet|editor-first=Kate|edition=3rd|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 274 E nder jibinannde yumma makko jeegom, ko kanko tan woni jibinannde Bo5 janngi no feewi e [[Lislaam]], baaba makko caggal mum woni mawɗo Alkali [[Kano]]. Neene makko rokkaama tiitoonde Fulani Modibbo, nde heewi wonde ko annduɓe lislaam tedduɓe.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 330 E wiyde aadaaji nokku oo, [[Usman dan Fodio]], sosɗo Kalifaandi Sokoto, kanko e hoore makko o toɗɗii banndiiko Aminos e jappeere chiefkali. Gila ndeen, Gyanawa en ina ɗaɓɓiree jogaade jappeere laamu ko wayi no alkaliiji , waliiji e muftiiji Leñol yumma Aminu kadi ina joginoo worɓe e rewɓe jannguɓe heewɓe, ummoriiɓe e teeminanɗe. Ko kamɓe ngoni Fulɓe egguɓe gila Kukawa e nder laamu Bornu, fayde [[Kano]].<ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 274 <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 1:15 Ina jeyaa e maɓɓe mallam gooto, wonnooɗo wasiyaaji keertiiɗi to ''Emir'' [[Kano]] e oon sahaa, hono Sulimanu. Oo mallam ina joginoo hoore mum e reende e yeeyde ƴiye, o dañi innde Mallam Mai Tattabari (‘mallam jom ƴiye’). Ndee innde wonti tiitoonde laawɗunde e nder galle laamorɗo Kano, nde artiraa e lomtiiɓe mo, nde wonnoo ko Imaam en e wasiyaaji e sariyaaji lislaam.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195382075_3|title=Dictionary of African biography|date=2012|publisher=Oxford; New York : Oxford University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|editor-last=Akyeampong|editor-first=Emmanuel K.|pages=290|editor-last2=Jr.|editor-first2=Henry Louis Gates}}</ref><ref name=":43">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref><ref name=":142">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 27 Nde o woni cukalel, Aminu fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ko e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko yumma makko e neene makko, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njanngini mo ɗemngal Arab e no o janngirta Quraana.<ref name=":143">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 100 <ref>{{Citation|last=Gwadabe|first=Maude Rabi'u|title=Tarihin Malam Aminu Kano|date=25 December 2023|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhsV76d9kco|access-date=2024-01-03|publisher=[[Media Trust|Aminiya Trust]]|language=ha}}</ref> Caggal nde yumma makko maayi e hitaande 1926,<ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref> o ummii e galle kaaw makko, o hoɗi e les galle kaaw makko ha ton. Ndeen noon, Halilu, kaaw makko mo caggal mum toɗɗaa ‘Mallam Mai Tattabari’, wonti kalfinaaɗo jaŋde makko Quraana.<ref name=":62">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 41–43 <ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Jack|first=Homer A.|date=1959|title=Malam Aminu Kano: A Profile|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4184021|journal=Africa Today|volume=6|issue=4|pages=6–10|jstor=4184021|issn=0001-9887}}</ref>: 243 Aminu ɓeydii winnditaade e duɗal leslesal Shehuci, duɗal hirnaange Engele.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 276 <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>: 243 O ƴetti innde nokku ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, Kano, ko innde makko, ko ɗum huunde woowaande e nder jannguɓe hirnaange to Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] e oon sahaa.<ref name=":144">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 604 E hitaande 1933, Aminu fuɗɗii yahde duɗal hakkundeewal [[Kano]] (caggal ɗuum innitiraa ko duɗal Rumfa, [[Kano]]), duɗal gonngal hakkunde yimɓe. Ko ɗoon, e hitaande 1935, o ardii gooto e seppooji almudɓe gadani e nder leydi Nijeer ngam ŋakkeende saabunde, ŋakkeende nguura, "kuule keewɗe, e koɗki jikkuuji tiiɗɗi<ref name=":22">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>: 48–49 Ndeen o yahri to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa) ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa 1942<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hempstone|first=Smith|url=http://archive.org/details/newafrica0000hemp|title=The new Africa|date=1961|publisher=London, Faber and Faber|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 276 [<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 243 == Golle jannginde == Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]] e hitaande 1940, Aminu suɓii ko janngude ko fayti e sariya, wonaa rewde laawol banndiraaɓe makko ɓurɓe suɓaade jannginde. Ndeeɗoo suɓngo heewaani sabu ñaawirɗe sharia, ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede e ñaawirɗe paralel to [[Kano]] e nder juulɓe, njaɓaani awokaaji. Yanti heen, nafoore makko e janngude safaara to Angalteer, haɗi mo yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'' e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yaba ''Higher College'', ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko to [[Lagos]] to Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fotde duuɓi seeɗa. Kono, sabu jiiɓru almudɓe jokki, gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'' saliima jaɓde Aminu, ganndiraaɗo ardaade seppooji almudɓe. Aminu kadi etinooma naatde e konu e polis kono o saliima e ɗiɗo fof nde tawnoo omo yahra e duuɓi 5, ko ina tolnoo e 100 meeteer, ina famɗi no feewi. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, heewɓe ina njokki e wasiyaade mo yo o jokku golle jannginde kono ko jannginoowo makko ganndal, hono Doktoor R. E. Miller, addani mo ƴettude jannginde e nder golle makko.<ref name=":16">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 60 <ref name=":52">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tate|first=Carolyn|date=1983|title=Review of Old Gods and Young Heroes: The Pearlman Collection of Maya Ceramics|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3335865|journal=African Arts|volume=16|issue=2|pages=86–88|doi=10.2307/3335865|jstor=3335865|issn=0001-9933|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":63">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100 ko hujja Miller Ƴeew, miɗo wasiyoo ma nde naatataa e suudu janngirdu. Hare nde ina jokki, e Almaañnaaɓe ina njahra yeeso e kala fannu, ɗum wonaa huunde nde Hitler waawataa heɓtude leydi Nijeer e nder sahaa gooto. E nder ɗuum, aɗa sokli suuɗnde karallaagal, hol nokku ɓurɗo jannginde ? Ko wonaa cfuum, mi 6eydoto maa tan ko jannginoowo-e-heblo ganndal—gooto e gilli maa mawcfi, wonaa noon?<ref name=":17">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 61 <ref name=":64">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100 E nder jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu halfinaama gure keewɗe ngam waɗde golle janngingol. E hitaande makko ɗiɗmere, o waɗii lebbi joy gooto e maɓɓe fof to [[Bauchi]] e Zaria e lebbi ɗiɗi goɗɗi "njillu duɗe to bannge worgo". Ko e hitaande makko sakkitiinde e heblo makko e hitaande 1942, miijooji makko politik radikaluuji ɓuuɓɗi peeñi. O fuɗɗii winndude e jaayɗe e jaayndeeji seeɗa gonɗi e oon sahaa, ko wayi no ''Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo'' e ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo, o ƴelliti nafoore mawnde e politik. Ko e ndee hitaande kadi o winndi deftere makko wiyeteende ‘[[Kano]] les martolin otokaraasi native’, nde o winndi e laamu ''native''.<ref name=":147">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 277 <ref name=":19">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 69–70 Hakkunde joofnirde dumunna makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]], o hawri e [[Sa'adu Zungur]], potnooɗo "waɗde batte e miijo Aminu no feewi".<ref name=":146">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 72 <ref name=":44">{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 329 Zungur, ɓurɗo Aminu mawnude e ardiiɗo politik radikal e nder Duɗal Pharma . Aminu ina heewi yeewtidde juutnde e Zungur, ina heewi yillaade galle makko caggal jaŋde. Anndugol maɓɓe fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1935 nde Zungur yilliima [[Kano]], o acci heen miijo duumotoongo e Aminu e miijooji makko radikal e yahrude yeeso. Aminu jokki jokkondirde e Zungur haa ɓe kawri e Zaria.<ref name=":18">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 72 === Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko jannginoowo, Aminu ummiima [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]], o ƴetti golle jannginoowo tokooso to duɗal hakkundeewal [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]].<ref name=":53">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref> Gollodiiɓe makko e duɗal ngal ko [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] e Yahaya Gusau. Jokkondiral Aminu e Balewa, mo ɓaawo man laati hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] tan, fuɗɗi wakkati ɓe ɗon janngina haa Bauchi. Ko e oon sahaa Balewa rokki mo innde ‘Molotov’, innde Vyacheslav Molotov, hooreejo dowla Sowiyetik. Zungur kadi ummiima [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] e oon sahaa, caggal nde o arti wuro makko sabu rafi ɓuuɓɗo mo o heɓi to Zaria.<ref name=":54">{{Cite book|last=Segal|first=Ronald|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalafricaw0000sega|title=political Africa : a who's who of personalities and parties|date=1961|publisher=New York : Praeger|others=Internet Archive|pages=122–123}}</ref>: 84–85 Aminu ina teddiniree no feewi e nder almuɓɓe duɗal ngal. Ɓe keewi hawrude ko e galle makko caggal waktuuji jaŋde ngam yeewtidde e golle goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde. O yuɓɓinta sahaa e sahaa fof pijirlooji e kollirɗe ngam almuɓɓe, sahaa e sahaa fof omo huutoroo golle [[Abubakar Imam|Abubakar Imaam]]. Ngam ɓeydude heen jaŋde makko, o waɗii almuɓɓe makko jime e jimɗi. O woniino kadi e nder renndooji janngooɓe ceertuɗi ko wayi no dingiral, jeewte, e ganndal.<ref name=":110">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 85–86 Jokkondiral makko e almuɓɓe e miijooji makko cemmbinɗi, addani mo waasde yiɗde njuɓɓudi duɗal ngal e jannginooɓe woɗɓe. Heen sahaa gooto, fedde almudɓe ndee fof waɗii seppo sabu geɗe bayɗe no ŋakkeende uniformeeji e kaɓirɗe, ŋakkeende kaalis poos, e ŋakkeende nguura. Almuudo gooto mo yalti, suka hooreejo mo woni miñi Balewa, woni kaaloowo maɓɓe. Almuɓɓe mawɓe ɓee, ina jeyaa e maɓɓe [[Sule Katagum]], ina ardoo almuɓɓe woɗɓe ɓee feewde [[Maiduguri]]. Emir [[Bauchi]] e jannginooɓe heewɓe nanngi ɓe, ina njiɗi haaldude, kono almuɓɓe ɓee ina cemmbina haaldude e Aminu tan. Caggal ɗuum, Aminu ari e Yahya Gusau, o « holliti ɓe wonde wullitaango maɓɓe maa heɓ weeyo no haanirta nii » o wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ngartu e cuuɗi maɓɓe. Caggal wiɗto wullitaango ngoo, ngo laaɓtinaama, ɗum addani lomtinande hooreejo duɗal ngal Balewa, "mo feewni bonanndeeji gonɗi ko adii ɗii".<ref name=":111">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 86 === Dental ɓamtaare mawngal Bauchi === E hitaande 1943, Aminu, e wondude e Zungur, Balewa e Gusau, sosi Dental Moƴƴingol [[Bauchi]] (BGIU), ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte ngam ñiŋde politik koloñaal Angalteer e laamu ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref name=":65">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Awa|first=Eme O.|title=Federal Government in Nigeria|publisher=University of California Press|year=1964|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|pages=99}}</ref> 100 tawi Zungur ina joginoo batte nannduɗe e Zanguria, ina gasa tawa ko fedde nde yuɓɓini ɗum e hitaande 1943 Dental ɓamtaare mawnde e nder diiwanuuji worgo (NPGIU).<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Aminu e Zungur mbinndi ɓataakeeji e binndanɗe ngam haɓaade politik ‘''directed labour''’ Angalteer, mo ɓe njiyri ko no mbaydi njulaagu mbaylaandi. Nde Angalteer ɗaɓɓi nguura, tinndinoore, e soldateeɓe heewɓe ngam wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, laamuuji koloñaal en mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamuuji leydi ndii ngam ‘’dartina’’ keewal nguura e doole yimɓe. Biritaniya huutoriima no feewi doole kisal ɗe ndarnaaka e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] ngam wallitde konu mum caggal musiibaaji konu mum to Fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo e hitaande 1942.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ekoko|first=A. E.|date=1982|title=Conscript Labour and Tin Mining in Nigeria During the Second World War|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857118|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=11|issue=3/4|pages=66–85|jstor=41857118|issn=0018-2540}}</ref> Gooto e binndanɗe Aminu ɗe siynaaka, ko mawɗo diiwaan oo, hono A J Knott, e nder ''Pilot'' [[Afrik]] worgo janngi ɗum, o rewi heen haa BGIU. Ndee yiytunde addani dental ngal fusde, lomtinaa ngal e fedde yeewtere [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]] (BDC) walla ''Majalisar Tadi'' ta [[Bauchi]], nde laamuuji koloñaal toppitii. BDC sosaa ko no lowre sankitiinde ngam jeewte udditiiɗe, tawa ina hawra e ‘kala miijooji’.<ref name=":112">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 89 <ref name=":66">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 89 <ref name=":72">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":73">{{Cite web|last1=Al-Sadique|first1=Abubakar Sufyan|last2=Ahmed|first2=Abubakar|date=2021-09-25|title=Bauchi Discussion Circle: The Circle of Northern Nigerian Politics and Nigeria's Independence {{!}} Wikkitimes|url=https://wikkitimes.com/bauchi-discussion-circle-the-circle-of-northern-nigerian-politics-and-nigerias-independence/|access-date=2023-12-23|language=en-US}}</ref>: 423 === Bauchi Yeewtere Cirkel === BDC waɗii jeewte yontere kala, ina noddira yimɓe heewɓe ko wayi no ardiiɓe departemaaji, njuɓɓudi laamu, yeeyooɓe e jannginooɓe. Limre tawtoraaɓe ɓee ɓurii Limre Dental Bauchi ''General Improvement Union'' (BGIU) ɓennungal ngal, ngal dañii moƳƳere ɓurnde welde e rokkude kuulal laamu nguu. Aminu, hono binndoowo, ko kañum halfinaa neldude noddaango e suɓaade toɓɓe ɗe yeewtetee. Ɗeen toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ko ɓamtaare faggudu, demokaraasi, safaara, hare e diine. Nde toɓɓere ndee woni ndimaagu jaayndeeji, Aminu e Zungur teeŋtinii luural e nder politik Angalteer, ɓe mbiyi wonde bannge gooto ɓe ndartinii e ɓe ñaawii e nder keeri daande tan ko jeyaaɓe e amiir en, bannge goɗɗo oo, ɓe cemmbinii e yeeso yimɓe fof miijo e eɓɓoore jeytaare.<ref name=":113">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 89 E nder yeewtere jowitiinde e njiimaandi ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, o wiyi wonde « ndi wuuri ko e faandaare nde ndi fotnoo waɗde » e wonde ndi « njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal ɓurndi huutoraade ndi aduna o meeɗaa anndude ».<ref name=":114">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 90 <ref name=":67">{{Cite book|last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 100: 100: 100 [12]: 100 100: 100: 90 [12]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 100: 100 [100]: 100 e Capha emiraaji mum mbayliima wonti njuɓɓudi ndi Shehu Usman dan Fodio, sosɗo ɗum oo, anniyaaki. Aminu wi'i limngal kaliifa'en ɗon mari haaje tuugaago dow nafuuda naa dow jibinannde, nden boo laamu otokaraasi ɗon luura bee janngirde Annabi Lislaama Muhammadu e Shehu. Balewa, nde tawnoo ko kañum ɓuri Aminu ɓuuɓde, ina daranii no feewi njuɓɓudi laamu ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi, ina wiya wonde jogaade sariya e deeƴre ina foti wonde huunde himmunde ngam tabitinde tuugnorgal ɗo peeje yiɗaaɗe mbaawi waɗeede e dow mum. Zungur, leeso e nder jonnde ndee, e jaabtaade Balewa, winndi hujjaaji mum e nder ɓataake mo Aminu yettini e dingiral yeewtere ndee e nder jonnde aroore ndee. E nder ndeeɗoo ɓataake, o semmbini hujjaaji Aminu ɗii, o ɓeydi heen seeɗa e hujjaaji makko.[10]: 90 O wiyi Balewa yo ƴeewto no o dañiri "miijo bonngo" ngam daɗndude laamu nguu, o ɓeydi heen : Suɓagol elite gutter mum [Native Authority] waɗaaka e dow hakkille walla e mbaawka, kono ko e salaade tan yiɗde ɓiyleydi laaɓtundi. Terɗe fedde laamuyankoore ina njogii wellitaare desperadoes ngam njulaagu, alaa ko ŋakki so wonaa kala ko dañi.[10]: 90 E nder batu goɗɗo, Aminu naamndii Ofisee Knott : « Hol ko woni njoɓdi amiir ? Knott jaabtii wonde ɗum fawii ko e tolno golle makko e teddeendi golle makko. Ndeen Aminu hollitii wonde hay so tawii ina famɗi doosɗe e golle so yerondiraama e Emir Bauchi, Lamido Adamawa ina heɓa njoɓdi ɓurndi heewde. Caggal ngool mbayliigu, batu nguu joofi ko ɗoon e ɗoon. Ɓooytaani, Knott habri wonde BDC ina joofna, o wiyi wonde jeewte ɗee ina ‘njippii e laawol’.[10]: 91 [22]: 423 === Nokku renndo Bauchi === Ngam lomtaade BDC, Aminu e Zungur cosi fedde politik woɗnde, hono nokku renndo Bauchi. Puɗɗagol fotde 20 tergal, batu maɓɓe gadano waɗi ko to defterdu Native Authority, sara galle amiir. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, tawi ina wondi e polis, Balewa ɓadtiima ɓe e ɗaɓɓaande amiir oo, wiyi ɓe yo ɓe ndartu sabu « denndaangal senndikaaji (juɓɓule) ina kaɗaa ». Zungur ndeen wiyi mo yo o haalan amiir oo wonde ɓe njahataa fusde. Caggal nde Balewa yahi, ɓe pelliti yettinde ɓataake to mawɗo politik ngam humpitaade ko waɗi koo, ɓe mbiyi amiir oo ina tooña hakkeeji maɓɓe.[10]: 91–92 Balɗe tati caggal ɗuum, terɗe fedde ndee noddaama ngam jokkondirde e amiir oo. Amiir oo salii yamirde yo ɓe ndartu, o wiyi o haɗii ɓe tan huutoraade « masiŋaaji binndol e gollorɗe defterdu Native Authority ». Hay so Balewa wulliima wonde o yettinii konngol ngol o rokkaa ngol no haanirta nii, Zungur ina heppi huutoraade ngalɗoo luural, haala kaa jokkaani haa jooni, fedde ndee jaɓii kuulal ngal amiir oo ƴetti ngal. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, mawɗo gooto ina wiyee Mallam Waziri, rokki ɓe huutoraade suudu makko ndu alaa ɗo haaɗi ngam waɗde batuuji, so tawii ko kamɓe njuɓɓini ɗum. Ɓe kawri kaalis maɓɓe ɓe ndarni ɗum.[10]: 93 Ɓooytaani, laamu Angalteer rokki Aminu gooto e bursiiji jeeɗiɗi ngam janngude to Angalteer fuɗɗoraade lewru suwee 1946, ko o... jaɓaama.[8]: 276 [10]: 97 [14] [23]: 154 === Londres === E nder duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde to Londres, Aminu naatii e golle yimɓe hono Harold Laski, George Bernard Shaw, e Karl Mannheim, ɓe janngirɗe mum en ngoni « iwdi miijooji Aminu keewɗi e renndo aadee moƴƴo ». O jokkondiri e yimɓe e pelle keewɗe bannge nano to Londres, ina jeyaa heen lannda Sosiyaalist Labour, Fedde Sosiyaalist janngooɓe, e Sosiyaalist sukaaɓe, o hawri e sehilaaɓe e won e terɗe parlemaa bannge nano e "ardiiɓe toowɓe" pelle kominist kadi.[39]25 ko ɗum addani ardiiɓe politik gollotooɓe e oon sahaa, ko wayi no Aneurin Bevan e Fenner Brockway Caggal nde o feeñnini ɗeen miijooji e batte, Aminu etinooma hawrude e filosofiiji politik adanɗi rewooɓe Farayse e Amerik e sosiyaalisma Shavian Fabian e janngirɗe Usman dan Fodio, tawi fof ko e les njiimaandi miijooji radikal Sa’adu Zungur. O seedtii kadi ñalngu nguu e nder hareeji jeytaare leydi Indiya e leydi Pakistaan ​​rewrude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Aminu, e wondude e almudɓe ummoriiɓe e leyɗeele koloniiji Biritaan en ceertuɗe, jaɓɓiima Ali Jinnah e Jawaharlal Nehru, ardiiɓe dille jeytaare Pakistaan ​​e Inndo, e nder njillu maɓɓe to Londres e hitaande 1947. Ɗee geɗe ina gasa tawa ko ɗe addani mo yiɗde sifaa hare Gandhi.[10]:02]1 E nder jaŋde makko, Aminu jannginii e duɗe leslese nokku oo, o waɗii jonte e nder ladde Galles, o woniino koɗo fedde Young Farmers’ Club. Ngam yoɓde njillu makko ngu o fotnoo waɗde e nder laddeeji Angalteer, o ƴetti golle firo ɗemngal Hausa e nder sosiyetee jaayndeeji Angalteer (BBC). Ko o sikkaano, o noddaama ngam wonde nulaaɗo to Jamboree Boy Scout winndereejo to Rosny, addani mo yahde Orop e njoɓdi ustaandi. Ko adii nde o yahata Farayse, denndaangal fedde « boy scout » yilliima galle laamorɗo Buckingham. Aminu ɗon hulna yi'ugo laamiiɗo e laamiiɗo debbo ɗon yewta e ɗon hawta bee sukaaɓe ɓen ko ɗum feerootiri masin bee no laamu lesdi Biritaniya ɗon mari haaje haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Ndee luural addi mo miijo, o firti ɗum ko maande ŋakkere laamu koloñaal jogorngu arde.[10]: 102–103 [14] === Fedde jannginooɓe worgo === E lewru marse 1948,[27] nde o woni e janngude haa jooni to Londres, Aminu sosi Fedde Wellitaare Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange (caggal ɗuum Fedde Jannginooɓe Fuɗnaange), fedde adannde e nder diiwaan hee e senngo gollotooɓe e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer,[8]: 276 [28][29]: along the otherers from Sali 169 [30]: 66 Senngo ngo ina jokki e haalde ko fayti e geɗe bayɗe no hakkeeji e wellitaare jannginooɓe, ceergal hakkunde diine e wellitaare jannginooɓe e Fuɗnaange e bus moƴƴo sy jannginooɓe nder Duɗe Misiyon Kirista'en ngam nastugo nder kawtal.[10]: 101-102 [12]: 91 [31]: 258 Senngo ngoo mawnii no feewi, ina joginoo fotde 200 tergal e lewru mum adanndu[32] e 25 cazeele e nder hitaande mum adannde, caggal mum ina jogii batte e nder pelle ngenndiije diiwaan oo, garnooze caggal mum.[29]: 41 te [33]: 356 jokki golle e nder worgo Naajeeriya haa is kawtal bee kawtal jannginooɓe Naajeeriya, kawtal jannginooɓe ɓurdungal mawnugo nder fombina Naajeeriya, nder hitaande 1972.[34]: 260 === Hoto ngartu e Bauchi === Nde o timmini jaŋde makko e hitaande 1948, Aminu arti Bauchi ngam fuɗɗaade golle makko janngingol to duɗal hakkundeewal Bauchi. Lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum o artiraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi.[10]: 110 E nder oon sahaa, Sir John MacPherson, guwerneer keso toɗɗaaɗo leydi Najeriya, ina jokki e waɗde njillu e nder diiwaan hee. O fotnoo ko njillu e gure mawɗe Fuɗnaange, kono o yaltini Bauchi. Aminu e Zungur cikkatnoo ko ndeeɗoo feere ko huunde nde Guwerneer oo e wasiyaaji mum mbaɗi ngam haɗde haɓaade radikal en wuro ngoo e doggol ɗaɓɓaande mum en e wullitaango mum en. Ɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ɓadtii Emir Bauchi, ɓe kolliti mo peeje laamu nguu ngam haɗde domen makko, ɓe mbiyi ko sabu baasal duɗe Bauchi, laabi e faggudu. Ɓe keɓii faamnude mo yo ɓe njaɓ yuɓɓinde seppo mawngo ngam salaade ko Guwerneer oo waɗi koo. Ndee ɗoo hiirde mawnde, nde woni ko adii fof e nder Fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, hawri ko e ujunere neɗɗo.[10]: 110–111 Aminu, e oon sahaa ko jannginoowo tokooso haa jooni, noddaama to Kaduna ngam hawritde e A J Knott (ofisiyee diiwaan yuɓɓinnooɗo BDC e hitaande 1943), jooni ko hooreejo laamu nguu, e Sir MacPherson. E nder ndeeɗoo batu, guwerneer oo, e wiyde Aminu, ina wiyee : A hollitii wonde aɗa sikki min njiɗi ko jogaade Fuɗnaange caggal, Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange peccii—aɗa yiɗi min njaha mbele leydi maa ina heɓa jeytaare. Aan ko a gorko ummoriiɗo e galle Kano teeŋtuɗo, suka, keewɗo ruuhu, kono aɗa foti anndude wonde min njiɗaa haɗde waylooji e haɗde leydi ndii yahrude yeeso.[10]: 115 Knott jokki e humpitaade Aminu wonde ɓe ngoni ko e waɗde hakkillaaji maɓɓe e ƴattooje makko e laamu nguu, o wiyi "min njiɗii no feewi worɓe hono maa, ardiiɓe leydi maa". Ɓe ndokki mo darnde nde addanta mo ƴeewtaade e tawtoreede "taƴre kaalis laamu" walla hay so tawii ko gardiiɗo jaaynde Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo. Caggal nde o arti Bauchi, Aminu, caggal nde o ƴeewtindii ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande, o yeewtidi e Zungur e woɗɓe, o wiyi wonde ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande ko etaade laamu nguu ustude golle maɓɓe daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee. Ndeen noon, Aminu salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, o humpitii Knott e MacPherson wonde o ɓuri yiɗde ko heddaade e jannginoowo.[12]: 101 O salii kadi caggal ɗuum golle jannginoowo e ɗemngal Hausa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oxford.[10]: 115–119 Kono, lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum, e nder golle maɓɓe jokkuɗe ngam sarde radikal en Bauchi, laamu Angalteer artiri Aminu to Maru to Sokoto, toɗɗii mo hooreejo duɗal jannginooɓe kesal mahaaɗo.[10]: 116 [35]: 72 === Sokotoo === Sokoto wonnoo ko laamorgo Kalifaandi Sokoto e teeminannde 19ɓiire, sosaa ko e jihaadi Usmaan dan Fodio. Kalifaajo man ɗon mari ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya nden ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo nder amiir'en ɗon mari haaje hokkugo Sultan Sokoto.[36] Caggal nde Angalteer koloni dowla oo e nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, Sokoto wonti diiwaan, darnde Sultan ustii ; amiiruuji keddiiɗi ɗii njaabtiima laamu Angalteer, nattii jaabtaade Sultan. Kono tan, nde jokki e wonde nokku ɗo laamu aadaaji e diineeji ngoni e nder diiwaan hee. Ndeen noon, nde hiisaama ko taƴre ɓurnde ɓuuɓde e Fuɗnaange ɓuuɓnde no feewi.[10]: 118 Maru (jooni ko Maru, diiwaan Zamfara), wuro e nder diiwaan hee, ina joginoo 8 256 neɗɗo e hitaande 1964.[37] Ina laaɓi wonde yahdu Aminu e Maru wonaa tan ngam woɗɗinde mo e Zungur kono kadi ngam seerndude mo e haɗde mo golle makko. Nde o ari, o etiima sosde dingiral yeewtere kono yimɓe jannguɓe ina pamɗi e sara makko kadi wuro mawngo ɓurngo ɓadaade Maru ina woɗɗi 35 kiloomeeteer, "dow laabi kulɓiniiɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi". Sultan oo, hono Siddiq Abubakar III, ina ƴeewndotoo mo kadi, hono no Aminu yiytiri ɗum caggal ɗuum nii. O anndi mawɗo mo o hokkata sadakaaji wakkati fuu, o ɗonno ƴama Sultan nder asaweeje ɗuuɗɗe nder jooɗorde maako haa Maru.[10]: 118–120 E nder dumunna mo o woni e Maru oo fof, Aminu tawi ko e nder hareeji ɗi o meeɗaa waɗde e Sultan. Fuɗɗorii ko nde Aminu riiwti Yan Labari, walla ƴoƴɓe Sultan, caggal nde o ari. Caggal mum, o neldi ɓataake wullitaango feewde e laamuuji Angalteer, o wiyi wonde kaalis potɗo huutoreede ngam remooɓe ɓee, ɓe leydi mum en huutortee ngam waɗde duɗal ngal, yettaaki ɓe.[12]: 101 Luural goɗngal ummii ko nde Aminu e Abubakar Gumi, gollodiiɗo Grander ca Aminust mo worgo Nijeer e al later Feere Qadiriyya-Tijaniyya nder diiwal ngal nde ɓe haɗi almudɓe maɓɓe yahdugo juulde Jumaare ngam haala wuutugo imaam. E wiyde ɗiɗo ɓee, liimam Maru ina waɗa tayammum, ko huunde nde rewnaaka so ndiyam potɗam wuɗde ina famɗi, hay so tawii noon ndiyam ina ŋakki e Maru. Komisiyoŋ wiɗto mo Sultan oo sosi, yaltinii Gumi, o wiyi Sultan oo yo o waɗ heen hoore makko e nder Maru ngam dartinde golle tayammum. Ko fayti e wasiyaaji komisiyoŋ oo, Sultan salii ɗooftaade ɗum, salii riiwtude Limaam oo.[10]: 120–127 [38] Oon sahaa, Aminu ina renndini jokkondire moƴƴe e Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna Sokoto, joginooɗo luural e Sultan. Nde ñaawirde Sultan ñaawi Bello sabu mum bonnude njoɓdi jangali (‘joɓdi jawdi’) e hitaande 1943, Aminu rokki feccere mawnde e njoɓdi jannginoowo Bauchi mum e kaalis defansiyoŋ Bello. Nde Aminu woni jooni e Maru, Bello yi’i mo ko no sehil potɗo haɓtaade Sultan. Bello ina heewi yillaade Aminu to Maru, e nder njillu Aminu to Sokoto ngam waɗde batu doosgal leydi, o jooɗii ko e galle Bello. E nder ooɗoo sahaa, Sultan oo noddii Aminu noddaango keeriiɗo, ina gasa tawa ina ɗaɓɓa nanondiral. O ɗaɓɓiri batu 2ɓo subaka, kono nde o anndi Aminu haalanii Bello ndee noddaango, Sultan oo mettini heen no feewi, o woppi batu nguu.[10]: 124–125 === Koolol yimɓe Fuɗnaange === Sabu nafooje senngo jannginooɓe Aminu, worɓe jannguɓe woɗɓe teskinaaɓe e nder diiwaan hee ɓadtiima mo ko fayti e sosde fedde nanndunde e ndee. E nder darorɗe hitaande 1948, pelle ceertuɗe to Zaria, Kaduna e Bauchi kawri ngam sosde Jam’iyyar Mutanen Arewa walla Fedde Yimɓe Fuɗnaange (NPC). E lewru suwee 1949, batu udditgol fedde ndee yuɓɓinaama to otel Green’s to Kaduna, fotde 500 neɗɗo tawtoraama. Terɗe sosɗe ɗee ko Dr. R. A. B. Dikko, Yahaya Gusau, Abubakar Imam (rewtinoowo Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo), Yuusuf Maitama Sule, Aliyu Mai Bornu, Aminu Kano, Isa Wali (ɓiɗɗo mawniiko Aminu) e Sa’adu Zungur, mo wonnoo koolaaɗo kuuɓal fedde NC Ca Naajeeriya wakkati.[10]: 111 [33]: 358 [39]: 75 E batu mum gadano e lewru desaambar 1949, ardiiɓe kongres oo, hono Dikko e Gusau, kollitii wonde kongres oo yiɗaa foolde laamu koloñaal e aristokraasi, tee : Jam'iyyar anniyaaki ƴettude laamu laamɓe men Natural; ko wonaa ɗuum koo, ko yiɗde amen tiiɗnde ɓeydude ngalɗoo laamu kala nde waawi wonde e kala ɗo waawi wonde. Eɗen njiɗi wallude laamɓe men Natural e nder golle mum en no haanirta nii...Eɗen njiɗi wallude ɓe e yaynaade Talakawa [yimɓe ɓooyɓe].[33]: 358 [39]: 75 Ofisee diiwaan gooto, gardinooɗo Hoɗɓe Kano, jeertinii tawtoraaɓe ɓee wonde ɓe mbaawataa addude peeje ɗe ɓe njiɗi tan so ɓe njaltii "seese e hakkille" e wonde "neɗɗo ina foti janngude yahde hade mum dogde". Aminu jaabiima e naamnaade mo yo o humpit mawɓe makko wonde : So en njahii koyɗe en njahrataa ko, en ndogat. Kadi so en njippiima, en ƴettat koye men, en ndoga kadi. Kono maande, min njahataa e koyɗe. Aɗa waawi wiyde min njaha e gelooɗi, walla puccu, kono hay min njuppataa e oto mo min njaha e laana ndiwoowa. Kadi Biritaan en ina poti haɗde en suɓaade laabi men yah-ngartaa, hay so tawii noon ko yaawi.[10]: 121–122 [12]: 93 Laamɓe Fuɗnaange heewɓe, ko wayi no Sultan, Amir Kano e Amir Zaria, njaɓii ngool jikku ‘harmless’ e ‘deferential’ kongres oo. Kono tan, terɗe tokoose hono Maitama, Aminu, e Zungur ina cikkatnoo wonde kongres oo ina yaaji no feewi e emiiruuji ɗii e laamuuji Angalteer ɗii fof, ina teeŋtina haaju mum e peewnugol politik to Fuɗnaange. E joofnirde e lewru ut 1950, won e terɗe NPC radikal en to Kano sosi Dental Jamiyar Neman Sawaba, lannda politik gadano bayyinaango e nder Fuɗnaange Nijeer.[12]: 94 NEPU ina joginoo semmbe e Zungur, radikal en peeñɗi Fedde.[33]: 359 Ɓe njoginoo ballal Aminu, mo waawaano naatde e lannda ka e oon sahaa nde tawnoo omo gollina laamu haa jooni, o waawaano naatde e lannda politik e peeñcu.[10]: 123 [12]: 94 === Deƴƴere === Aminu rokki ɓataake mum deƴƴere ñalnde 16 oktoobar 1950, o ummii Maru haa laaɓi ñalnde 4 noowammbar e ndeen hitaande. Sheek Usmaan Bida, mo Aminu wonnoo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, e Sule Katagum, Wazirin Katagum, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe cikki ko o doole ngam woppude laamu. Kanko Aminu, o miijotonoo ko ndeeɗoo feere gila e lewru abriil ndeen hitaande. Nde cukko hooreejo jaŋde to bannge worgo jeertini mo wonde o toɗɗaaka so o jokkii e golle makko politik, Aminu winndi e nder deftere makko, "Ko noon ne kadi, ko ɗuum woni caɗeele makko. Miin ko mi woppu golle haa hitaande aroore."[10]: 129 Winndannde nde Aminu winndi, ina hollita sabaabu mum deƴƴere, yaltinaa e jaaynde wiyeteende Daily Comet ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1950 : Mi woppii golle sabu mi saliima goongɗinde wonde ndii leydi ko kasoo e nder laamuuji Angalteer-Fulani—mi woppii golle sabu miɗo wondi e miijo wonde laamuuji ngenndiiji ɗii ... ina njogii yaakaare no feewi e safrude caɗeele men jaŋde, renndo, faggudu, politik walla hay diine—My hared stay in England and my all above... jojjanɗe aadee ɗe aduna o haɓata e fasisma—mi hulɓinaama laabi ɗiɗi e ƴiye ɗe ngalaa yurmeende... tawi ko saraaji ɗii fof ina njuɓɓina fenaande, laamu bonngu, bluff politik, maccuɗaagu les garb goɗɗo, nepotism ɓuuɓɗo, tippudi, baasal...retention mo alaa ko nafata e faggudu canmedkei e...exploration faggudu muñan ɗee geɗe sabu uurngol mum en bonngol...miɗo hebli noddireede kala innde. Noddu am koyɗol walla noddu am rewolison; noddu am kulɓiniiɗo walla kala ko oo laamu imperiyaalisma yiɗi. Mi yi’i annoore e dow ŋoral toowngal, miɗo anniya yahde e nder taarik mum timmuɗo, tawa ko miin tan walla e kala jiɗɗo yahdude e am. E ɓeeɗoo suppitooɓe leñol men, mbiɗo wiya ɗum nii: Look Out! Afrik ko mawɗo ɗaaniiɗo nattii! O woni tan ko e diwde e ŋoral...?"[10]: 129-130 [26]: 243 [25]: 541 == Golle politik == === Ko adii jeytaare (1950—1959) === Nepotism, baasal e nder njuumri mum, ñawu, maccungaagu e les njiimaandi goɗɗo, tooñannge e majjere nde alaa hersa, ina keewi no feewi no waynoo ko adii gargol imperiyaalisma e nder teeminannde 19ɓiire. Ƴellitaare walla toɗɗagol worɓe ɓe nganndaa janngude, sukaaɓe walla ɓaleeɓe, e jappeere laamu toownde ko heewi ko ngam aksidaa jibinannde tan walla ngam « ɓadtaade naafigaagal » wonaa tan ngam ittude ɓesngu nguu hakkillaaji mum en e eɓɓooji mum en kono kadi ko seede hollirde wonde ndeeɗoo otokaraasi yuɓɓo ko replica native premedilam to the British momtude. — E nder ƴeewndo Aminu e hitaande 1953, Dr. Walter Miller winndi "Mbele en ŋakkiraama e nder leydi Najeriya?" Caggal nde o woppi laamu, Aminu arti Kano, o naati e lannda « ''Northern Elements Progressive Union'' » (NEPU) e dow laawol.<ref name=":69">{{Cite book |last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 101 Paandaale lannda ka cifaaɗe ɗee ina njeyaa heen « ndimaagu ''talakawa'' » (yimɓe) rewrude e « peewnugol politik e nder laamuuji otokaraasi hannde ɗii ». E nder batu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaandeejo Kongres Leƴƴi Fuɗnaange (NPC) e lewru desaambar 1950, kuulal NEPU, ngal Aminu winndi, noddii nde NPC bayyinaa wonde "lannda politik ngenndiyaŋke laaɓtuɗo".<ref name=":610">{{Cite book |last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 95 ''It became political up to party, It became political up to party'' demokaraasi leydi ndii.<ref name=":45">{{Cite book |last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1}}</ref>: 359–360 Kono tan, amiiruuji doole e "won e ofiseeji njuɓɓudi" ina njiyri NPC ko fedde jogiinde miijooji radikal kulɓiniiɗi. Kuutoragol terɗe terɗe moƳƳere e konservatiif ummii, e kulol wonde NPC, so yiytaama no radikal nii, ina waawi haɓaade ngam wonde lannda ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange. Terɗe NPC keewɗe ina ndartini yaltude e fedde nde so tawii terɗe NEPU ɗee njaltinaaka.<ref name=":611">{{Cite book |last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 95–96 [[Shehu Shagari]], hono hooreejo fedde NPC nde sukaaɓe [[Sokoto]], hokkaama yamiroore ngam salaade kala ɗaɓɓaande Aminu e Zungur ngam heɓde darnde ardorde e nder batu Jos NPC mo hitaande 1950. Shagari, e laawol mum feewde batu nguu, hawri e Aminu e Zungur e nder oto, humpitii ɓe ndeeɗoo yamiroore. O wiyi wonde Aminu, nde nani ɗum, o hirjinii mo « huutoraade mandat mo ndokkaa-mi oo » o hollitii mo kadi jokkude sehilaagal maɓɓe e teddungal maɓɓe.<ref name=":307">{{Cite book |last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 68–69 <ref name=":286">{{Cite book |last=Auwalu|first=Anwar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYurDwAAQBAJ|title=Politics as Dashed Hopes in Nigeria|date=2019-08-23|publisher=Safari Books Ltd|isbn=978-978-55986-5-0|language=en}}</ref>: 25 Ko ɗum waɗi, NEPC, ƴettuɗo hoore mum, yalti e N lannda.<ref name=":138">{{Cite book |last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 140-141 <ref name=":287">{{Cite book |last=Auwalu|first=Anwar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYurDwAAQBAJ|title=Politics as Dashed Hopes in Nigeria|date=2019-08-23|publisher=Safari Books Ltd|isbn=978-978-55986-5-0|language=en}}</ref>: 25-33 [[File:Aminu Kano and Bello Ijumu (1956).jpg|thumb|Aminu e [[Bello Ijumu]] mo Kongres hakkundeejo dentuɗo ko adii wooteeji mawɗi 1956.]] Aminu tawtoraama daawal wooteeji gadani e wooteeji parlemaa gadani e [[lewru]] suwee 1951 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji to bannge worgo. Lannda makko, NEPU, heɓi nafoore e 12 e nder 26 jooɗorɗe dokkaaɗe ngam wuro [[Kano]], ɓuri lanndaaji tati keddiiɗi ɗii, ina heen ardiiɓe njuɓɓudi laamu leydi ndii, tawi ko kam en fof njogii jooɗorɗe jeegom.<ref name=":612">{{Cite book |last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 30 <ref name=":20">{{Cite book |last=Post|first=K. W. J.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianfederale0000post|title=The Nigerian Federal election of 1959 : politics and administration in a developing political system. --|date=1963|publisher=[London] : Published for the Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, Oxford University Press|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 74 kanndidaaji cakkitiiɗi ɗi kolees to gese suudu sarɗiiji rewrude e woote sirlu. Ɗeeɗoo koleesuuji, tawi ina mbaɗi pelle tokoose, heen gooto fof waɗii teemedde keewɗe woote walla ko ɓuri ɗum.<ref name=":613">{{Cite book |last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 29 Hay so tawii NEPU ina joginoo nafoore e daawal gadanal ngal, Aminu ina famɗi no feewi e golle woote cakkitiiɗe ɗee, heɓi 16 woote e nder 68 woote, tee hay gooto e NEPU secuɓe e nder 68 woote Asammbele, wonnoo ko kolees woote wonande suudu sarɗiiji. Terɗe NEPU nayi, puɗɗiiɗe heɓde nafoore e daawal hakkundeewal, tawi ina kaɓa e kanndidaaji ɗi ɓe keɓi ko adii ɗuum, ummoriiɗi e laamu leydi ndii e nder daawal gadanal ngal.<ref name=":614">{{Cite book |last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 30 <ref name=":202">{{Cite book |last=Post|first=K. W. J.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianfederale0000post|title=The Nigerian Federal election of 1959 : politics and administration in a developing political system. --|date=1963|publisher=[London] : Published for the Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, Oxford University Press|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 74 Sabu batte wooteeji ɗii, ko ɗum woni ko Biritaannaaɓe njiyri wonde laamu Biritaannaaɓe e laamu nguu njuɓɓudi woote ɓurndi welde e laamu ngenndi,<ref name=":615">{{Cite book |last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 30 <ref name=":92">{{Cite journal |last=Jack|first=Homer A.|date=1959|title=Malam Aminu Kano: A Profile|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4184021|journal=Africa Today|volume=6|issue=4|pages=6–10|jstor=4184021|issn=0001-9887}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{Cite book |last=Yahaya|first=A. D.|url=http://archive.org/details/nativeauthoritys00yaha|title=The native authority system in northern Nigeria, 1950-70 : a study in political relations with particular reference to the Zaria native authority|date=1980|publisher=Zaria, Nigeria : Dept. of Political Science, Ahmadu Bello University|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-125-014-9}}</ref>: 78–79 e "ko heewi e terɗe cuɓaaɗe ɗee ngonti daraniiɓe nafooje mum". wonde Aminu dañii woote ɗee nde tawnoo "ina waawi ittude heen mettere e nder njuɓɓudi Aminu" e wonde "[Fuɗnaange Nijeer] ina haani denndaangal worɓe waawɓe mooftude, e mbaawka Aminu alaa ko waawi naamneede".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharwood Smith|first=Bryan|url=http://archive.org/details/recollectionsofb0000shar|title=Recollections of British administration in the Cameroons and Northern Nigeria, 1921-1957: But always as friends|date=1969|publisher=Durham, N.C., Duke University Press|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 225 Seppo mawngo "15,000 NExtayer souls [PU] yuɓɓinaa keeɓal. Lannda kaa yuɓɓinii wooteeji njuɓɓudi ngam hollitde wonde wooteeji toowɗi ina mbaawi waɗeede e nder njuɓɓudi. NEPU dañii dañde kaalis keewɗo ngam neldude Aminu to Angalteer « ngam ñaawde haala mum en yeeso Parlemaa Angalteer e yimɓe fof ». E ballal [[Thomas Hodgkin]] e John Collins, Aminu dañii hawrude e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji, depiteeji Fabian, e jaagorgal leydi Angalteer. Laamu ''Native Authority'' jaabtii ɗum e ƴattaade e uddude terɗe NEPU e nder [[Kano]], teeŋti noon e ƴattaade Gambo Sawaba, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe, gardiiɗo fedde rewɓe NEPU. NPC, hannde woni lannda politik ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Fuɗnaange, huutoriima kadi ‘fedde jom en hakkillaaji en’, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko Yan Mahaukata (‘yimɓe majjuɓe’) walla Jam’iyyar Mahaukata (‘Lanndaaji majjuɓe’), ngam ustude terɗe lanndaaji politik goɗɗi to Kano, haa teeŋti noon e terɗe NEPU. Gaagaa sosde fedde wiyeteende ''Positive Action Wing'' (PAW) ngam haɓaade ɗeen bonanndeeji, won terɗe parlemaa Angalteer, ko wayi no Fenner Brockway, mbaɗti tiiɗnaade e laamu koloñaal ngam haɗde golle bonɗe ɗee. PAW fusi haa jooni e hitaande 1954 nde wonnoo ko kañum ɓuri Yan Mahaukata doolnude. Sabu darnde makko toownde e nder lannda kaa, Aminu ina reeni no feewi e fitinaaji ɓalli ɗi terɗe NEPU keddiiɗe ɗee mbaɗata.[48]: 137 Kono Aminu ina joginoo nanngugol keewngol e juuɗe laamu leydi ndii. Teskaama e nder kampaañ woote fedde ndee e hitaande 1954, o ñaawaa laabi ɗiɗi. Arano oo, ko ngam fiyde lefol NEPU e dow oto makko to wuro Kano—golle ɗe aadaaji mum en mbaɗata ko Emir Kano e hoɗɓe e leydi Angalteer. Ɗiɗaɓere, ngam yaltinde binndanɗe ɗe o tuumaa ko ‘anniya fenaande’, ɗum addani mo balɗe tati kasoo wonande gadano oo, e njoɓdi £50 wonande ɗiɗaɓo oo.[12]: 364 [49]: 91 E nder haala goɗɗa, o tuumaama e bidsee, fedde Kamairu e fedde mallasi. Tuumeede ndee ina tuugnii e miijo wonde ɓoornaade butoŋ Sawaba mo terɗe NEPU mbaɗi oo, ko huunde nde wonaa lislaam, tee NEPU ina tuumaa ina gollondira e Kerecee’en ngam haɓaade ardiiɓe diineeji Fuɗnaange. E wondude e wasiyaaji makko Danladi e Lawan Dambazau, Aminu feeñii e yeeso diiso Emir to Kano ngam ƴeewtaade ɗeen tuume. E fawaade e teddeendi tuume ɗee, kanko e wasiyaaji cifaaɗi ɗii « mbaɗii wujjude neɗɗo jogorɗo maayde (rites cakkitiiɗi) ». E nder batu nguu, Aminu hollitii wonde diiso amiir oo wonaa renndo jeewte, yeewtere ndee ina foti waɗeede heen seeɗa, caggal ɗuum haalanee amiir oo. Ɗum nanondiraama, batu ɗiɗaɓo yuɓɓinaama. E nder ndee ɗoo kawral ɗiɗaɓal, Aminu wiyi wonde kawtal NEPU e Kawtal ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC) wonaa ko luutndii janngirɗe lislaam sabu hay Muhammadu meeɗii waɗde kawtal defannde e yahuud en saraaji Madiina. O wiyi kadi ko ɓooyaani koo, kanko Emir Kano, o jokkondirii e inɗeele Igbo Kerecee'en ngam golloraade Juulirde mawnde Kano e kitaale 1950. To bannge butoŋ Sawaba, Aminu naamndii so tawii kadi ko ɗum huunde nde wonaa lislaam nde won e amiiruuji ɓoornii medal « Ordre britannique de Saint-George ». Haa jooni nanondiral waɗii, terɗe NEPU ina mbaawi ɓoornaade tan ko baaji lannda e nder seppooji mawɗi.[10]: 149–151 Aminu suɓaama hooreejo NEPU e batu tataɓo hitaande 1953, o lomtii Abba Maikwaru. Hitaande fawtii heen, lannda ka waɗi kawtal e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e leydi Kameruun (NCNC) mo Nnamdi Azikiwe. E nder wooteeji diiwaan 1956, Aminu ina haɓa e diiwaan Kano Fuɗnaange. O fooli woote ɗe Ahmadu Dantata, gooto nder Naajeeriya'en ɓurduɓe alɗugo, ronooɓe laamu filu Dantata.[9]: 333 Suɓol ngol, ngol waɗaama dow ko laarani suɓol worɓe yoɓooɓe ceede, ngol timmini bee Dantata heɓugo woote 2,119 dow Aminu 776. [12]: 328 haa 329 [50]. Suɓol mawngol leydi Naajeeriya ngol hitaande 1959 waɗii huunde mawnde, sibu ko ngol woni wooteeji gadani ɗi wooteeji laaɓtuɗi mbaɗata e kala diiwaan. Aminu, gonɗo e les njiimaandi NEPU-NCNC, kadi ƴaañii e wooteeji Kano Fuɗnaange, o heɓi 60,4% e wooteeji ɗii, o heɓi jooɗorde e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii.[12]: 374 [35]: 370 E nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, o toɗɗaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii Hooreejo Goomu Alliance ngam geɗe caggal leydi e ina wiyee o saliima toɗɗagol jaagorde nde tawnoo o miijii ko <nowiki>''</nowiki>ina fotnoo<nowiki>''</nowiki> jaɓde jappeere "jogiinde teddungal e doole" tawi fotde 2 000 neɗɗo ina ngondi e lannda makko e nder... kasoo.[10]: 187 [12]: 374 [51]: 630 === Republiik gadano (1960-1966) === Ƴeew kadi: Republiik Najeriya gadano Ko o depitee, Aminu ƴetti hakkille mum e geɗe ngenndiije e winndereyankooje jowitiiɗe e leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] keso ndi, tawi omo jokki e faandaare makko mawnde, hono rimɗinde talakawa. E nder suudu nduu, o hollitii laabi keewɗi ngam wallitde e yaawnude golle leydi ndii ngam haɓaade koloñaal. To bannge politik caggal leydi Nijeer, Aminu ko daraniiɗo pan-[[Afrik]], o wiyi wonde Nijeer ina foti wonde "base hare ngam haɓaade njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aluko|first=Olajide|url=http://archive.org/details/essaysonnigerian0000aluk|title=Essays on Nigerian foreign policy|date=1981|publisher=London; Boston : Allen & Unwin|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-04-327062-2|pages=125}}</ref> O tiiɗnii e tiiɗnaare ngam [[Naajeeriya]] ɓeyda ballal mum e golle haɓaade apartaayd e nder [[Afrik]] worgo, o hirjinii kadi jokkude golle [[Naajeeriya]] ngam artirde "jam e ndimaagu e nder leydi [[Konngo]]".<ref name=":135">{{Cite book |last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 188 <ref>{{Cite journal |date=1960|title=House of Representatives Debates Official Report Vol. II (Session 1960-61), 19th -23rd, 25th - 29th April, 2nd May 1960|url=https://ir.nilds.gov.ng/handle/123456789/885|journal=House of Representative Parliamentary Debates|language=en|publisher=[[National Institute for Legislative Studies|National Institute for Legislative and Democratic Studies]]|author=Federation of Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":232">{{Cite journal |date=1961|title=House of Representative Parliamentary Debates First Parliament Second Session 1961-1962, Vol. I|url=https://ir.nilds.gov.ng/handle/123456789/895|journal=House of Representative Parliamentary Debates|language=en|publisher=[[National Institute for Legislative Studies|National Institute for Legislative and Democratic Studies]]|author=Federation of Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":242">{{Cite journal |date=1962|title=House of Representative Parliamentary Debates First Parliament Third Session 1962-1963, Vol. II|url=https://ir.nilds.gov.ng/handle/123456789/913|journal=House of Representative Parliamentary Debates|language=en|publisher=[[National Institute for Legislative Studies|National Institute for Legislative and Democratic Studies]]|author=Federation of Nigeria}}</ref> Toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] (ONU) Balewa, gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo makko ummoriiɗo [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]], Aminu ina famɗi radikal so en ƴeewtindiima golle makko nokkuyankooje. E nder laamu makko to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, haa teeŋti noon e geɗe winndereyankooje, o jokkondirii e « ƴellitaare e jeertinaande ». Ko o pan-[[Afrik|Afriknaajo]] cemmbinɗo, o daraniima darnde nde aldaa e paltoor ngam Nijeer, o goongɗini sabaabu ‘dipolomasi mo aldaa e paltoor’.<ref name=":136">{{Cite book |last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 189–191 <ref>{{Cite book |first=Claude S.|last=Phillips, Jr|url=http://archive.org/details/developmentofnig0000clau|title=the development of nigerian foreign policy|date=1964|publisher=northwestern university press|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 29–31 E nder laamu Aminu e nder suudu sarɗiiji to [[Lagos]], njuɓɓudi NEPU ɓeydiima saɗtude. E fuɗɗoode hitaande 1961, [[Joseph Tarka]], hooreejo fedde wiyeteende “Congrès du Moyen Belt” (UMBC), ƴetti konngol ngam waɗde nanondiral hakkunde NEPU e lannda mum ngam sosde fedde tiiɗnde ngam haɓaade NPC to Fuɗnaange. Kono sarɗi oo ko yo NEPU wallit faandaare UMBC sosde dowla keeriiɗo mo ''Middle Belt''. So tawii Aminu yiyii nafooje potɗe heɓde e kawtal ngal, o saliima sabu jokkondiral UMBC e fedde ''Action Group'' (AG). O firti eɓɓaande ndee ko eɓɓoore nde AG waɗi ngam taƴde jokkondiral NCNC e NEPU, luulndo maɓ ɓe ɓurngo mawnude to bannge worgo. Hay so tawii won terɗe NEPU ina luulndii ɗum, eɓɓaande UMBC ndee heɓiino weltaare, tee jaɓgol Aminu ngol ina jokkondiri e ñiŋooje. Ko NEPU waɗi e wooteeji 1961 ngam suɓaade suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii, ɗo ɓe keɓi jooɗorde wootere tan, ɓeydi heen ŋakkeende kisal nder lannda kaa.<ref name=":137">{{Cite book |last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 196 <ref name=":68">{{Cite book |last=Sklar|first=Richard L.|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000skla|title=Nigerian political parties : power in an emergent African nation|date=1983|publisher=New York : NOK Publishers International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-88357-100-2}}</ref>: 421 <ref name=":262">{{Cite book |last=Dudley|first=Billy J.|url=http://archive.org/details/partiespoliticsi0000dudl|title=Parties and politics in northern Nigeria|date=1968|publisher=London : Cass|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7146-1658-2}}</ref>: 183 de6poer Laamu diiwaan oo ko ''Emir'' [[Kano]]. Aminu tuumi [[Ahmadu Bello]], hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], hooreejo NPC, woni ɓaawo limngal limngal. O renndini postooji e propagandeeji ƴettuɗi ko nanndi e luural daartol hakkunde [[Sokoto]] e Kano. Sanusi lomtii ko [[Muhammadu Inuwa]] mawɗo, jokkondirɗo e Aminu. Waɗooɓe Sanusi mbaɗi lannda yimɓe [[Kano]] (KPP), ngam yiɗde gartugol makko walla ɓiyiiko Ado Sanusi ƴetta laamu. KPP hawri e NEPU, hay so tawii noon alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa artirde Sanusi. NPC, ngam etaade hisnude ballal to Kano, noddii ballal mum yo salmin ''Emir'' keso oo. Caggal nde wallidiiɓe NEPU ndartinaa e batu nguu, ɓe njuɓɓini batu ɓurngu mawnude ñalnde heen, tawi ko 35 000 neɗɗo tawtoraama, ɗo Amir jaɓɓii ɓe no moƴƴi. Inuwa maayi ñalnde heen caggal ndeeɗoo kawral, Bello, ngam haɗde jiiɓru ɓeydaade, toɗɗii [[Ado Bayero]], miñiiko Sanusi, ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Senegaal, ngam lomtaade mo. Deƴƴere Sanusi ndee waɗii batte keewɗe e ballal NEPU to Kano, ɓeydi kadi jiiɓru hakkunde [[Kano]] e Sokoto, haa teeŋti noon e nder banndiraaɓe suufiyankooɓe [[Tijjaniyyah|Tijanniyya]] e [[Qadriyya]]. Hay so tawii Aminu heddiima e kala banndiraagal suufiyanke, o faami nafoore maɓɓe e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], o huutorii luural ngal ngam yahrude yeeso nafooje NEPU. E nder kampaañiji wooteeji Fedde nde 1964, Aminu yilliima Sheek [[Ibrahim Niass]], hooreejo Tijanni mawɗo, to Kaolack ko ɗum waɗi fotooje Aminu ina keɓa barkeeji e Sheek ina cirƴa to Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]: 182, 10: 200-206, 57: 290, 170-183 [[File:Premier of Nigeria Sir Ahmadu Bello far right leaving the Atomic Museum Oak Ridge (7196110822).jpg|thumb|Sarkin Kano Muhammad Sanusi I (M) e Sir Ahmadu Bello (R) ina njalta suudu defte atomik to Oak Ridge, Amerik (1960)]] === 1964 Woote kuuɓtodinɗe === Ƴeew kadi: Fiilde hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1964 Caggal nde UMBC joofni jokkondiral mum e Fedde Golle, NEPU e UMBC cosi Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare worgo (NPF), tawi faandaare mum ko « feccude diiwaan worgo gooto, ngam rokkude daande laaɓtunde pelle ɓurɗe famɗude ». KPP e pelle tokoose goɗɗe naati e NPF, ina ɗaminii sosde dowla [[Kano]] keeriiɗo, keeriiɗo. Nde leydi ndii ɓadtii woote, diiwanuuji tati ɗii fof ina njogii jiiɓru mawndu e tuumeede fenaande. To [[Kano]], Aminu, hooreejo NEPU, hawri e ''[[Ibrahim Gashash]]'', hooreejo lannda NPC, ngam ustude fitinaaji potɗi waɗeede e nanondiral e njuɓɓudi wooteeji. Gashash jaɓii waawnude ardiiɓe lannda mum ngam haɗde hareeji ƴiiƴam "kono fof alaa ko nafi". Ñalnde 28 desaambar, balɗe ɗiɗi tan ko adii woote ɗee, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Azikiwe, wiyi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Balewa, yo jokku woote ɗee fotde lebbi jeegom sabu ɓeydagol jiiɓru, o ɗaɓɓiri kadi ƴeewndo ONU. Balewa salii ɗaɓɓaande ndee, wiyi ko ɗum yalti e mbaawka makko. Hooreejo Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, tawi naamnaaki terɗe goɗɗe, kadi woppii ɗum. Ko ɗum addani tato e nder jeegom terɗe komisiyoŋ oo woppude golle. Tooñanngeeji ɗi njiy-ɗen ɗii e fenaande tuumaande ndee ina addana kanndidaaji e lanndaaji keewɗi ustude woote ɗee, ɗum noon ko njeñtudi ‘lopsided’. Aminu dañii diiwaan mum to Kano Fuɗnaange e kanndidaa NPC, [[Mahmud Dantata]], ɓiy [[Alhassan Ɗantata|Alhassan Dantata]] e gonnooɗo tergal NEPU, Dantata heɓi 1 700 woote e Aminu 690 e nder 40 000 wootooɓe potɓe suɓaade.<ref name=":1417">{{Cite book |last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 312:<ref name=":132">{{Cite book |last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref> Caggal woote ɗee, Aminu e goomu gollordu hakkundeejo NEPU yuɓɓinii batu ngam restrategize. "Deftere daneere dow caɗeele siyaasaaku ɗe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon mari" winndaama ngam hollugo, nde ɗon laara darnde NEPU nden ɗon hokka limngal njuɓɓudi. Ndeeɗoo batu ko mawnde e nder daartol lannda kaa, tawi ko depiteeji ummoriiɗi e teemedde cafrirɗe e nder Fuɗnaange fof tawtoraama. Ina jeyaa e toɓɓe yeewtaaɗe ɗee, mbaawka hawrude e denndaangal lanndaaji politik luulndo to bannge worgo, sosde « lannda ngenndiijo kuuɓtodinɗo », sosde dowlaaji kesi, sosde ballal bursi. Koolol ngol kadi addani Diɗɗal Dowla [[Kano]] (KSM) fuɗɗaade, tawi ina waɗi NEPU, KPP, e won e terɗe NPC luulndiiɗe laamu. Ñalnde 14 abriil 1965, batu mawngu yuɓɓinaama ngam udditde KSM, tawi ko gooto e jamaanu ɓurngu mawnude e daartol politik Fuɗnaange Nijeer. Ahmadu Trader, sehil Aminu ɓooyɗo, toɗɗaama hooreejo leydi ndi gadano, Aminu woni jaagorgal mum to bannge politik.<ref name=":133">{{Cite book |last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 213–215 Faandaare KSM adannde ko sosde dowla [[Kano]] ceertuɗo.<ref name=":1418">{{Cite book |last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 271 E hitaande 1965, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Balewa toɗɗii Aminu yo won nulaaɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Aminu woni wakiiliijo lesdi Naajeeriya haa kawtal lesɗe duuniyaaru dow filu e ɓamtaare nder hitaande 1965. Nde o arti e golle ONU, ñalnde 6 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Aminu ummii Lagos fayde Kano ngam tawtoreede batu NEPU, ɗo yeewtere laabi restrategie jokki. Nde o ari Kano, Aminu humpitaama rewrude e [[Abubakar Gumi]], mawɗo Khadi (Mawɗo Ñaawirde) diiwaan Fuɗnaange e gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Aminu to Maru, ko fayti e batu sirlu ngu [[Ahmadu Bello]] yuɓɓini, gonnooɗo e oon sahaa to Makka. Joɗnde ndee fotnoo ko waɗde hakkunde maɓɓe tato, nde fotnoo ko ñalnde 16 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. Kono, ko adii nde joɗnde ndee waɗata, Bello waraa ko ñalnde 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966. So tawii anniyaaji Bello e batu nguu ina keddii e laaɓde sabu maayde makko e sahaa mum, miijo Gumi ko wonde ina gasa tawa o woni ko e ƴeewtaade tolno njiimaandi e nder Fuɗnaange, o yiɗi ko jokkondirde e nanondiral woote ngam wooteeji Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange garooji ɗii.<ref name=":134">{{Cite book |last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>:21 [[File:Aminu Kano addresses his constituents.png|thumb|Seppo politik Aminu e nder kitaale 1960]] === Laamu konu (1966—1979) === Hakkunde 14 e 15 [[lewru]] Yarkomaa 1966, soldateeɓe murtuɓe konu [[Naajeeriya]] e gardagol [[Kaduna Nzeogwu]] e woɗɓe nayo mbarii Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe marɓe semmbe ina jeyaa heen Sir [[Abubakar Tafawa balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], gardiiɗo jaagorɗe [[Naajeeriya]], [[Sir Ahmadu Bello]], Sardauna mo [[Naajeeriya]] worgo Sokoto e Ardiiɗo lesdi hirnaange lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Ndeeɗoo eɓɓaande kuudetaa umminii dille luulndiiɗe kuudetaa e nder konu nguu, tawi ko Ofisee Seneraal Komanda, [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] ardii ɗum, dañii ustude kuudetaa oo. Caggal kuudetaa mo ronki, ñalnde 16 [[lewru]] Yarkomaa, Aguiyi-Ironsi ƴetti golle hooreejo leydi, ardii laamu konu gadano leydi Nijeer.<ref name=":297">{{Cite book |last=Siollun|first=Max|url=http://archive.org/details/oilpoliticsviole0000siol|title=Oil, politics and violence : Nigeria's military coup culture (1966-1976)|date=2009|publisher=New York : Algora Pub.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87586-708-3|author-link=Max Siollun}}</ref>: 63 === Laamu Ironsi === Ƴeew kadi: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1966 Hay so tawii banndiraaɓe makko NEPU ina njogii hoolaare, sibu ina cikka ina mbaawi heblude ŋakkeende politik nde kuudetaa oo heddinoo, Aminu ɓadtiima laamu Ironsi e hakkille. E lomtaade lannda makko, o neldi laamu nguu telegaraam « hakkilantaagal » , o woppii juulde kono o hollitii yaakaare makko wonde laamu Ironsi ina waawi renndinde ngenndi ndii, ina yahra yeeso e demokaraasi. Ironsi yaawi wontude mo yiɗaa e nder diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange sabu mum waasde jogaade darnde e darnde politik ɗeen diiwanuuji, o ɓuri yiɗde ko amiir en e mawɓe e nokkuuji mum en . Ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe politik e nder njuɓɓudi kesiri ndii ko Guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi, jooni ko kamɓe ngoni wasiyaaji guwerneeruuji konu. Ngonka kesa ka to Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii nanndude e laamu ɓooyngu nguu, ngu koloñaal en Angalteer mbaɗi, ngu ɓeydi heen njiyaagu e laamu nguu, haa teeŋti noon e nder dingiral radikal en. Lebbi tati e nder laamu makko, Aminu ina jokki e yeewtidde e Joseph Tarka e [[Maitama Sule]] ko fayti e ko ɓe njiyri "kuulal gootal wonande leydi Nijeer".<ref name=":1416">{{Cite book |last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 332–333 <ref name=":2713">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref>: 380–381 Hedde sahaa ndeeɗoo batu, Ironsi jaɓi haa jooni jokkondirde e Aminu. Aminu hollitii caɗeele ɗe Fuɗnaange jogori dañde, o holliti heen peeje. Ironsi noon, wayi ko no alaa ko nafi, ko ɗum waɗi, darnde Aminu ndee « alaa ko nafi ». Caggal ɗuum, Aminu tuugnii ko e [[Ado Bayero]], laamɗo Kano, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni hooreejo leydi ndii, ngam yettinde miijooji mum cemmbinɗi ɗii to Kumanndaa mawɗo oo.<ref name=":131">{{Cite book |title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 222–223 E lewru mee, Ironsi yaltinii "Decree dental" luulndiiɗo, momtuɗo diiwanuuji Nijeer, lomtiniri ɗum "pelle diiwanuuji". Yanti heen, Dekere oo renndini ko sarwisaaji siwil ɗi diiwaanuuji ɗii mbaɗnoo ko adii ɗuum. O ɓeydi heen momtude denndaangal lanndaaji politik e pelle pinal ngam yiɗde haɓaade ‘tribalism’. Anndinoore Decree ndee ɓeydii jiiɓru e nder Fuɗnaange, ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e pelle eliteeji ɗii njiyri ko ɓeydaade woɗɗitaade laamu nguu to [[Lagos]]. Ɓe cikki wonde Dekere oo yeewtidaaka e maɓɓe no haanirta nii, tee ina waɗi sarɗiiji "ɗi moƴƴaani e maɓɓe".<ref name=":2712">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref>: 647 To [[Kano]], fotde teemedde ɗiɗi almuudo, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ummorii ko e duɗal [[Abdullahi Bayero|Abdullahi Bayeron]], duɗal Rumfa, e duɗal janngirɗe aarabeeɓe, yuɓɓini seppooji ɗi Kaverlino de Aarabeeɓe mbinndi Guwerneer diiwal worgo leydi ndi hono Hassan Katsina. Ñalnde heen, fitinaaji mbaɗi e nder wuro ngo, fitinaaji ɗii mbaɗii e njulaagu Igbo en, tawi ko ina tolnoo e 100 haa 200 neɗɗo maayi heen, tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen ko Igbo en kono kadi ina heen woɗɓe nanngaaɓe e fitinaaji ɗii. Ñaawirde sosaa ngam ƴeewtaade fitinaaji ɗii, gardiiɗo mayre ko Sir Lionel Brett, ñaawoowo Angalteer to Ñaawirde Toownde leydi Nijeer. Ñaawirde Sir Brett meeɗaa ƴettude ñaawoore mum nde laamu Ironsi joofi caggal nde o waraa ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966 E lewru sulyee, Ironsi yuɓɓinii batu e amiiruuji e mawɓe leydi ndii ɓurɓe waawde to Ibadan.<ref name=":2711">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref> E nder kawral ngal, o yamiri ɓe yimde jimɗi ngenndiiji ɗin, o holli anniya maako ngam waɗuki ɓe darnde haa lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] bana no guwerneeruuji sooja'en, miijo ngo ɗon mari ƴamol, ''Sarkin'' [[Kano]] [[Ado Bayero]] wurti diga kawtal ngal. Ñalnde 29 lewru juko hitaande 1966, kuudetaa gardinooɗo ko ɓuri heewde e ofiseeji ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange fuɗɗii, ɗum addani Ironsi waraa to [[Ibadan]].<ref name=":2710">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref>: 385 Ñalnde 1 [[lewru]] bowte hitaande 1966, Lietnaa-Kolonel [[Yakubu Gowon]] toɗɗaa Sustelit be hooreejo leydi caggal nde) ƴettude yamiroore.<ref name=":279">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref>: 52<ref name=":296">{{Cite book |last=Siollun|first=Max|url=http://archive.org/details/oilpoliticsviole0000siol|title=Oil, politics and violence : Nigeria's military coup culture (1966-1976)|date=2009|publisher=New York : Algora Pub.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87586-708-3|author-link=Max Siollun}}</ref> === Laamu Gowon (1966—1975) === Ƴeew kadi: 1966 Kuudetaa Nijeer [[File:Nigerian Public Domain 137.jpg|thumb|General Yakubu Gowon]] Toɗɗagol Gowon, Kerecee’en worgo, jeyaaɗo e leñol tokosol, hooreejo leydi, ko huunde nde SMC waɗi ngam haɗde kuuɓtodinɓe worgo, e gardagol Lietnaa-Kolonel [[Murtala Muhammed]], seertude e republique. Gowon woppi ko ɓuri heewde e kasooji politik nanngaaɓe e laamu Ironsi, ina jeyaa heen [[Obafemi Awolowo]], politik Yorubaajo mawɗo mo diiwaan Hirnaange. O woppi kadi kuulal denndinngal luulndiingal ngal, o artiri diiwanuuji nay ɗi limtaa ko adii ɗuum. Yanti heen, Gowon yuɓɓinii batu wakili’en diiwaan ngam ƴettude kuule doosɗe kese, anndiraaɗe goomu doosɗe Ad Hoc. Aminu e Joseph Tarka ina njeyaa e wakili'en diiwaan Fuɗnaange e nder batu nguu. Depiteeji ɗii fof e batu nguu, so wonaa Fuɗnaange-rewo, ina mballita e miijo laamu fedde tiiɗngu tuugiiɗo e dowlaaji tokoosi.<ref name=":278">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref>: 52 Ɗoon e ɗoon, caggal nde Gowon anndinaa toɗɗagol mum, Aminu wallitii e yuɓɓinde jeewte e "ardiiɓe miijo" Fuɗnaange to [[Kaduna]], tawi ina jeyaa heen gollotooɓe laamu e politikaaji Republique gadano. Yeewtere ndee rewi ko e njiimaandi laamu kesu nguu, tawi ko binndanɗe yeewtere ƴettaaɗe, peeñninaama ngam ƴeewtaade, waylude, walla salaade fedde ndee. Ko adii noddaango goomu ad hoc Gowon, fedde yeewtere ndee yeewtidii e toɓɓere dowlaaji kesi, Aminu suɓaama ngam ardaade goomu nguu. Aminu woni wakiliijo fedde [[Kaduna]] nder kawtal Ad Hoc to [[Lagos]], ɓe hokki wasiyaaji maɓɓe ngam sosde lesɗe 12 haa 14, 7 ngam Fuunaange, 5 ngam Fuunaange. Kono, e joofnirde, batu nguu feccii dowlaaji ɗii no fotiri, 6 wonande Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange fof. E nder lebbi ɗiɗi gadani laamu Gowon, Aminu waɗii e makko batuuji tati ceertuɗi. Aranndeere nden hawti bee delegaasiyon yimɓe sappo diga Fuunaange, ɗiɗaɓre nden bana tergal Goomu Ad Hoc, kawtal tataɓal ngal hawti bee Aminu nder goomu jowi yimɓe Fuunaange, ardii ɗum Sir [[Kashim Ibrahim]], gonnooɗo siyaasaaku NPC e ''Governor'' siwil cakkitiiɗo dow convened ''Northern'' [[Naajeeriya]], ardii ɗum laamu fedde tiiɗnde e ngootaagu ngenndi.<ref name=":130">{{Cite book |title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 237–241 Nde wonnoo Fuɗnaange ina jokki e wallitde laamu fedde tiiɗnde, caggal nde Gowon heɓi nafoore mum e delegaasiyoŋ Ibraahiima, e Hirnaange kadi ina jokki e wallitde caggal nde mawɗo Awolowo haa jooni "ardi" e miijo ngoo, ko diiwaan Fuɗnaange tan heddii e luulndaade. Igbo en ɓurɓe heewde Fuɗnaange ina njoginoo ŋakkeende hoolaare e laamu nguu, ina gasa tawa ko sabu fitinaaji "pogrom-like" ɗi ɓe muñnoo ko juuti caggal kuudetaa lewru sulyee, ɗi soldateeɓe fenaande yiɗɓe yoɓde kuudetaa lewru janvier mbaɗi. E nder winndannde makko ñalnde 4 oktoobar 1966, Aminu winnditii "Ko ɓuri mettude e muñal konu. Jaawgol e golle ina ɗaɓɓi. Fuɗnaange ina woni e laawol seertude." E nder etaade yaawnude gartugol laamu siwil, Aminu ɓadtiima ardiiɓe Goomu Ad Hoc, Awolowo (Hirnaange), Kashim Ibrahiima (Fuɗnaange), [[Anthony Enahoro]] (Caka Hirnaange) e ‘Eni’ (Fuɗnaange), ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal ngam sosde laamu joofngu. Kono tan, darnde makko taƴaa ko e ɓuuɓri fitinaaji to Fuɗnaange.<ref name=":129">{{Cite book |title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 240–241 <ref name=":277">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref>: 52–53 E nder geɗe tati mawɗe baɗnooɗe e fitinaaji mawɗi e hitaande 1966, ko e lewru oktoobar "ko ɓuri heewde e maayɗeele".<ref name=":276">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref>: 131 fitinaaji ɗii ko soldateeɓe Fuɗnaange e wuyɓe nokkuuji ɗii mbaɗi ɗum en, teeŋti noon e yan daba to [[Kano]]. Ko ɗum waɗi [[Igbo]] en heewɓe hoɗɓe e Fuɗnaange ndogi njalti Fuɗnaange ngam yiylaade kisal. Caggal nde ɓe muñi warngooji goɗɗi, diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo salii hootde e batuuji Ad Hoc.<ref name=":275">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref>: 52–56 <ref>{{Cite web|date=22 January 2024|editor-last=LAFRANCO|editor-first=ROB|editor2-last=TOGNINI|editor2-first=GIACOMO|title=Africa's Billionaires 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/africa-billionaires/|access-date=2024-02-10|website=[[Forbes]]|language=en}}</ref>: 134–138 E joofnirde fitinaaji ɗii, "Ibo en fof ndogi Fuɗnaange, Hausa en Fuɗnaange". Diwgol mawngol fotde miliyoŋ Fuɗnaange addani faggudu Fuɗnaange ɓadtaade. Jaltugol ɗoon e ɗoon binnditagol, karallaagal, njulaagu, e gollotooɓe laamu, ina metti faggudu diiwaan oo no feewi, sibu sarwisaaji ɗii mbaawii tan ko heɓtude fotde 40% e tolnooji ko adii kuudetaa oo, yontereeji jeegom caggal ɗuum. Ngam wallude e safrude ndeeɗoo caɗeele, Aminu sosi Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Kano (anndiraa hannde Duɗal Njulaagu Renndo Aminu Kano). Hassan Katsina, guwerneer militeer'en lesdi Fuunaange, jaɓi wallugo ngam yaawnugo kuugal ngal, [[Maitama Sule]] hokki saare maako bana nokkuure arandeere nde janngirde nde'e woni. Ina jeyaa e yimɓe woɗɓe wallitɓe eɓɓaande ndee, ''Sarkin'' [[Kano]] [[Ado Bayero]], [[Aminu Dantata]], Sani Gezawa, Inuwa Wada, e [[Tanko Yakasai]]. Aminu e hoore mum rokkii eɓɓaande ndee 250 mbuuɗu, tawi darnde mum fof ina tolnoo e 4 000 mbuuɗu. Aminu woni hooreejo duɗal ngal haa o maayi e hitaande 1983. Gooto e almuɓɓe duɗal ngal ɓurɓe teskinde ko [[Aliko Dangote]], [[Afrik|Afriknaajo]] ɓurɗo alɗude.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://buk.edu.ng/sites/default/files/pdf/ushd.pdf|title=BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO NIGERIA: Student Handbook|isbn=978-9788203018|pages=126|last1=Kamal|first1=Aliyu|date=2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 January 2024|editor-last=LAFRANCO|editor-first=ROB|editor2-last=TOGNINI|editor2-first=GIACOMO|title=Africa's Billionaires 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/africa-billionaires/|access-date=2024-02-10|website=[[Forbes]]|language=en}}</ref> E fuɗɗoode lewru Yarkomaa 1967, Diiso Toowngo Konu (SMC) yuɓɓinii batu to Aburi, Ganaa, ngu daartoowo biyeteeɗo Max Siollun siftini wonde "diisnondiral doosgal daartol, ngal nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum woni sabaabu renndo e politik leydi Nijeer".<ref name=":295">{{Cite book |last=Siollun|first=Max|url=http://archive.org/details/oilpoliticsviole0000siol|title=Oil, politics and violence : Nigeria's military coup culture (1966-1976)|date=2009|publisher=New York : Algora Pub.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87586-708-3|author-link=Max Siollun}}</ref>:-153 Batu nguu ɓuri waawde tawtoreede ko Ljukdum Ojuklo. Guwerneer Militeer Fuɗnaange, baɗɗo miijooji keewɗi. E nder ɗeen miijooji, ɓurɗi teeŋtude heen ko wonde diiwanuuji ɗii ina poti jaɓde kala kuule jowitiiɗe e mum en e ko fayi arde, tawa kadi denndaangal kuule gonɗe heen ɗee, luulndiiɗe ndeeɗoo feere, ina poti momteede. Ɗeeɗoo miijooji, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ƴaañde ndimaagu diiwaan oo, keɓii nanondiral gootal hakkunde denndaangal lanndaaji SMC. Kono nde Gowon arti [[Lagos]], "gollotooɓe laamu makko ina mbeltii e luggiɗde e ballal makko e Ojukwu". Ndeen noon, nanondiral Aburi ngal meeɗaa huutoreede, ɗum addani jokkondiral hakkunde Diiwaan Fuɗnaange e laamu fedde ndee ɓeydaade bonde.<ref name=":274">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref>: 56–57 <ref name=":294">{{Cite book |last=Siollun|first=Max|url=http://archive.org/details/oilpoliticsviole0000siol|title=Oil, politics and violence : Nigeria's military coup culture (1966-1976)|date=2009|publisher=New York : Algora Pub.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87586-708-3|author-link=Max Siollun}}</ref>: 151–159 Nde ɗum jokki, Aminu; Yuusuf Tarka, hooreejo UMBC; [[Aliyu Makaman Bida]], politik NPC ɓurɗo mawnude e wuurde ; e [[Umaru Dikko]], hono binndoowo maɓɓe, ina njillondiri e Fuɗnaange ngam humpitaade yimɓe ɓee geɗe jooni ɗee, ko ɓuri teeŋtude kadi, ngam haɗde jeewte seertude e Fedde ndee. Jaɓɓungal ngal ina waɗi jeewte jamaanu e jokkondirde e amiiruuji e mawɓe diiwaan oo.[30]: 136 Ɓooytaani caggal njillu nguu, Aminu majjii ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Isa Wali e lewru feebariyee, baaba mum majjii e lewru mee.<ref name=":272">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref>: 246–250 <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Wikipedia Library|url=https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/|access-date=2024-02-16|website=wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org|language=en|doi=10.1086/ahr/79.4.1229|url-access=subscription}}</ref>: Ñalnde 27 lewru bowte hitaande 1967, Gowon habri feccugol leydi Nijeer e dowlaaji sappo e ɗiɗi. Ko ɗum huunde nde leƴƴi pamari ɗi diiwanuuji nay mumtuɗi ɗii mawnini no feewi.<ref name=":128">{{Cite book |title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 390 <ref name=":273">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref> Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii (FEC) sosaa ngam golloraade e les njiimaandi Diiso Toowngo Konu. FEC ina waɗi jooɗaniiɓe siwil en toɗɗaaɓe e nder kala diiwaan, ina poti wonde junngo njuɓɓudi laamu nguu. Aminu toɗɗaama ngam laataago wakiliijo lesdi Kano, o hokkaama darnde Komisinaajo Fedde nde'e ngam jokkirli.<ref name=":127">{{Cite book |title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 253–254 === Hare nder leydi (1967-1970) === Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] Balɗe tati caggal feccere diiwanuuji ɗii, Ojukwu hollitii jeytaare Diiwaan Fuɗnaange oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko Republique de Biafra.<ref name=":27">{{Cite book |last=Robert Melson and Howard Wolpe|url=http://archive.org/details/isbn_9780870131615|title=Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism|date=1971|publisher=Michigan State University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87013-161-5|language=English}}</ref>: 390 Caggal nde laamu nguu fooli eɓɓooji mum e "action police", ''Military-Government'' jaabtii e ''blockades''. Caggal ɗuum, konu Biafran yani, heɓti laamu dowla hakkundeejo hirnaange (Bendel), ɗum addani Gowon bayyinde wolde.<ref name=":293">{{Cite book |last=Siollun|first=Max|url=http://archive.org/details/oilpoliticsviole0000siol|title=Oil, politics and violence : Nigeria's military coup culture (1966-1976)|date=2009|publisher=New York : Algora Pub.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87586-708-3|author-link=Max Siollun}}</ref>: 162 E nder wolde ndee fof, Aminu ina jokki e wonde tergal FEC. O ardii goomu soodgol kaɓirɗe, tawi ina waɗi yah-ngartaa keewɗo e nder winndere ndee, haa arti noon e Orop, [[Amerik]], Dental Sowiyet, e [[Afrik]] worgo, ngam kaaldigal e nanondiral kaɓirɗe.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Moses|first1=A. Dirk|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk0rDwAAQBAJ|title=Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide: The Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967–1970|last2=Heerten|first2=Lasse|date=2017-07-06|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-85866-3|pages=184|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-dHAAAAIBAJ|title=Soviet Moving In With Aid To Rich, Populous Nigeria|date=23 March 1970|publisher=The Morning Record|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=|url=http://archive.org/details/intelligencer-november-1968|title=Intelligencer November 1968|date=November 1968|pages=10}}</ref><ref name=":3110">{{Citation |last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E [[lewru]] mee 1968, Aminu tawtoraama yeewtere jam hakkunde Nijeer e Biafra yuɓɓinaande to [[Kampala]], [[Ugannda|Uganndaa]], hitaande wootere caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele. [[Chinua Achebe]], winndiyanke [[Naajeeriya]] mawɗo, tawtoraama kadi yeewtere nde e nder delegaasiyoŋ Biafran. Ngolɗoo batu ko ngol woni go’o ko Achebe ina hawra e Aminu, o siftini : Miɗo siftora no feewi nde njiy-mi Aminu Kano mo delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya ina jooɗii yeeso ina ndaara mette no feewi. Ɗum ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri tiiɗde e ko gorko oo waɗi e am, so en ƴeewtindiima yimɓe hono mawɗo [[Enahoro]] mo wonnoo gardiiɗo delegaasiyoŋ oo ina ƴattondiri e jaaltaaɓe, haa arti noon e Asika. Aminu Kano wayi ko no seertuɗo nii; goonga noon, omo wayi no omo ndaara e nder windo. Nde gollodiiɓe makko ina kaala mawnikinaare e 6uu6ol e 6uu6ol men, Aminu Kano ina dee/i, ina 6uu6too.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ezenwa-Ohaeto|url=http://archive.org/details/chinuaachebebiog0000ezen|title=Chinua Achebe : A Biography|date=1997|publisher=Bloomington : Indiana University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-253-33342-1|author-link=Ezenwa-Ohaeto}}</ref>: 138 Oo ko gorko mo weltaaki e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof walla no haala kaa yahrata. Ndeen pottital waɗii e am maande nde momtataa e Aminu Kano, e jikku makko e hakkille makko.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Achebe|first=Chinua|url=http://archive.org/details/there-was-a-country-a-personal-history-of-biafra_202011|title=There Was A Country A Personal History Of Biafra|pages=162|author-link=Chinua Achebe}}</ref> Aminu ɓadtiima hare ndee wonaa hare hakkunde leñol Igbo walla Diiwaan Fuɗnaange ɓooyɗo, kono ko hare seertude. E nder konngol makko ngol o haali e janngooɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Abdullahi Bayero]] to Kano e lewru feebariyee 1970, o wiyi Naajeeriyankooɓe, e laamu nguu, yo ɓe peewnu no haanirta nii ngam gartugol Biafranaaɓe. Aminu teeŋtinii :<ref name=":1415">{{Cite book |last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref> Ina woodi caɗeele naatgol Ibo en. Ɓe ngummii ko feccere mawnde e ndii leydi, ko heewi e ko ɓe ngummii ko koɗdiiɗo nokku oo ƴetti ɗum. Hol ko ɓe poti waɗde? Ɗum ina waɗi nafoore nde tawnoo eɗen kaɓa e maɓɓe ngam heddaade e leydi Nijeer. Min ɗon wi'a, "A waawataa yahugo. A foti heddaago [[Naajeeriya]]." So ɓe ngartii, mbele aɗa waawi haɗde ɓe jogaade geɗe walla leydi ? A waawaa waɗde noon. Hol no Ibo common waawirta ƴettude ɗuum? Ɓe mbiyi: “Min njiɗi ko yahde.” Min mbi'i, "Aa'a, sey a hedda haa lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]." Ɓe mbi'a: “Jooni min ngartii.” Hol ko mbaɗaten? Ko ɗeen ngoni caɗeele potɗe dañeede. Wonaa caɗeele koyɗe. Wonataa wiyde koɗorɗe to ''Sabon Gari'', koɗorɗe to ''Tudun Wada'', koɗorɗe to Kaduna ina toppitie. Mbele ɓe ngartat? E nder njulaagu maɓɓe? E yiɗde ɓurnde mawnude ngam jooɗaade e leydi [[Naajeeriya]]? Ɓiɓɓe men worɓe e rewɓe heewɓe njahii maayii e innde kawtal ngam haɓaade Ibos en e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Mbele aɗa waawi ostracize ɓe jooni? A waawaa. Hol ko njahataa waɗde? Hol ko woni porogaraam mon? Aɗa foti fuɗɗoraade peewnugol gila jooni. Heewaani ot wiyde, "Oh eey, eɓe ngarta."<ref name=":1414">{{Cite book |last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 356 === Reformeeji e nder diiwaan Kano === E nder diiwaan Kano keso oo, wonno ko limtooji ɗiɗi laamu ngenndi e sahaa laamu Gowon. Ɓeen ngoni [[Audu Bako]], guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan [[Kano]], e Aminu, komisariyaajo siwil e tergal FEC.<ref name=":1413">{{Cite book |last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 339 Reformeeji keewɗi mbaɗaama e nder Dowla oo, haa teeŋti noon e to bannge Emiraaji. Ñaawirɗe alkali ɓooyɗe ɗee lomtinaama ñaawirɗe nokkuuji, ñaawirde amiir oo fusi. Polis fedde nde e polis emiraaji ɗii kawri, mbaɗtaa e les njiimaandi komisariyaajo polis, toɗɗaaɗo e laamu fedde ndee. Diiwanuuji Emiraaji ɗii ndenndinaama e nokkuuji 8 njuɓɓudi, heen gooto fof ina jogii ofisee diiwaan toɗɗaaɗo, gardiiɗo binndoowo guwerneer militeer. Laamu ngenndi lomtinaama e laamu nokkuyankeewu (LGA), tawi ɓuri heen heewde ko Diiso Emiraaji e Goomu kuuɓtodinngu. Diiso Emiraaji ina waɗi tergal 40 tawi ko amiir woni hooreejo mum. Fotde tataɓe ɗiɗi e terɗe diiso ngoo ko nulaaɓe diiwanuuji, cuɓaama e woote. Diiso ngoo fof ko guwerneer militeer en toɗɗii ɗum e fuɗɗoode.[8]: 341–351 Hay so tawii doole amiir oo ustaama to [[Kano]], haa teeŋti noon e fannu ñaawoore, omo jogii haa hannde doole keewɗe to bannge LGA. O joginoo ko mbaawka toɗɗaade denndaangal ardiiɓe diiwanuuji ɗii, omo waawi kadi waɗde heen geɗe kuuɓtodinɗe e doosɗe leydi e nder denndaangal tolnooji. Bako hollitii geɗe mum tati politik jowitiiɗe e peeje : hisnude geɗe ɓurɗe moƴƴude e laamu emiraaji gaadanteeji to [[Kano]], ɓamtude wonɓe e laamu nguu e ɓesngu nguu rewrude e wakilaagu ; e waɗde ko tiiɗi e haɗooɓe laamu nguu. Hay so tawii Aminu haalaani e yeeso yimɓe fof ɗeen peeje, o anndaaka no feewi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe peeje. Heewɓe e miijooji makko gadani ko fayti e ustude laamu emiraaji ina mbaawi yiyeede e njuɓɓudi kesiri Dowla Kano, miijooji makko e ittude leydi e doole ñaawoore e nder emiraaji ina nganndaa no feewi.<ref name=":1412">{{Cite book |last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 341–351<ref name=":319">{{Citation |last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bako ina wayi no toɗɗiima komisariyaaji makko tuugiiɗi e Aminud6.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yusuf|first=Kabiru A.|date=2021-12-19|title=How I was expelled from NEPU for visiting Russia, China – Yakasai|url=https://dailytrust.com/how-i-was-expelled-from-nepu-for-visiting-russia-china-yakasai/|access-date=2024-07-24|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Gen. Murtalar Muhammed.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Jimmy Carter with Lt. Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Jimmy Carter e Lietnaa Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo mo leydi Najeriya]] === Laamu Muhammadu (1975—1976) e laamu Obasanjo (1976—1979) === Caggal nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele joofi, o heɓi golle Komiseriyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Cellal e hitaande 1971. E hitaande 1975, kuudetaa laamu fuɗɗii e dow Gowon, tawi Gowon ina lomtoo leydi Nijeer e batu 12ɓo Fedde Ngootaagu [[Afrik]] to Kampala. [[Murtala Muhammed|Murtala Muhammadu]] anndinaama hooreejo leydi e juuɗe kuudetaa en ñalnde 30 sulyee 1975.<ref name=":292">{{Cite book|last=Siollun|first=Max|url=http://archive.org/details/oilpoliticsviole0000siol|title=Oil, politics and violence : Nigeria's military coup culture (1966-1976)|date=2009|publisher=New York : Algora Pub.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87586-708-3|author-link=Max Siollun}}</ref>: 175–183 Muhammadu waraa e kuudetaa mo ronkaama hitaande caggal ɗuum, lomtii mo ko cukko makko, hono [[Olusegun Obasanjo]]:<ref name=":29">{{Cite book|last=Siollun|first=Max|url=http://archive.org/details/oilpoliticsviole0000siol|title=Oil, politics and violence : Nigeria's military coup culture (1966-1976)|date=2009|publisher=New York : Algora Pub.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87586-708-3|author-link=Max Siollun}}</ref>. Ko adii maayde makko, Muhammadu sosi Goomu ƴettugol doosɗe leydi (CDC) halfinaaɗo ƴettude doosɗe leydi kese ngam heblude laamu siwil. E lewru ut 1976, Obasanjo habri sosde Asaambele doosɗe ngam ƴeewtaade eɓɓaande doosgal leydi ndi CDC feewni. Wooteeji ngam suɓaade Asaambele ngenndi mbaɗaama, kanndidaaji ɗii cuɓaama e Komiseer Fiilngo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FEDECO) keso oo. Aminu suɓaama, o suɓaama e dow jam.<ref name=":318">{{Citation |last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Asaambele oo waɗii batuuji hakkunde oktoobar 1977 e lewru suwee 1978. Eɓɓaande doosgal Asaambele ndee yettinaama e Diiso Toowngo Konu e lewru ut. Caggal nde SMC jaɓi waylooji 17 eɓɓaande ndee, doosgal kesal ngal hollitaama e lewru suwee 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Koehn|first=Peter|date=1989|title=Competitive Transition to Civilian Rule: Nigeria's First and Second Experiments|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/161100|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=27|issue=3|pages=401–430|doi=10.1017/S0022278X0002036X|jstor=161100|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> "Haɗeede politik" kadi ustaama e oon ñalawma gooto, Naajeeriyankooɓe cemmbinaama ngam sosde lanndaaji politik ngam heblude wooteeji hitaande aroore ndee.<ref name=":3211">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 16 === Ndenndaandi ɗiɗaɓiri (1979—1983) === Caggal nde Seneraal Muhammadu hollitii peeje mum ngam artirde laamu siwil e hitaande 1979, Aminu yettini jokkondiral mum ngam sosde fedde politik. O jokki kadi e jokkondiral e pelle janngooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala.<ref name=":3210">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 50 Aminu caggal mum naati e fedde politik wiyeteende Mouvement ''National'' nde wonnoo ko yimɓe mawɓe, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange. Fedde ndee ko lomto toŋngoode fedde yeewtere [[Kaduna]] sosaande caggal kuudetaa 1966 mo joofni Republique gadano oo. Fedde ndee waɗii batuuji sirlu e nder ooɗoo sahaa fof, haa arti noon e noddirde yimɓe politik mawɓe to bannge worgo leydi ndii ngam « sosde lannda ngenndiijo goonga ». Caggal nde haɗeede politik ustaa e lewru suwee 1978, lomto mum, hono lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN), sosaa.<ref name=":306">{{Cite book |last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 206–207 <ref name=":329">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 57–58 === Sosde PRP === Ñalnde heen ko adii udditgol NPN kono, Aminu yalti fedde nde ngam sosde, ina waɗa batu to Yaba, [[Lagos]]. NPN yaawi neldude Joseph Tarka e Inuwa Wada (koɗo mawniiko) ngam waawnude mo yo o hoot. Aminu jaɓi neldude wallidiiɓe joy to udditgol ngol nde o jokki e joɗnde makko, o meeɗaa hootde to NPN.<ref name=":305">{{Cite book |last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 207 Sabaabuuji laaɓtuɗi gaddanɗi Aminu yaltude NPN ina keddii, kono ina woodi miijooji ceertuɗi ceertuɗi. E wiyde [[Shehu Shagari]], tergal gadanal e nder NPN, caggal ɗuum kanndidaa gooto e lannda kaa, batu nguu, ko adii nde laamu nguu fuɗɗotoo, hollitii wonde won terɗe goomu toppitiingu nguu ina poti jogaade golle keertiiɗe e nder dumunna. Aminu ko mawɗo [[Adisa Akinloye]] suɓi ɗum ngam wonde gardiiɗo jaagorɗe. Kono, o suɓiima ɗoon e ɗoon [[Tanko Yakasai]], gonnooɗo tergal NEPU mo o miijii ko neɗɗo ɓurɗo moƴƴude e oon darnde nde tawnoo omo jogii humpito jowitiingo e ɗuum. NPN hollitii wonde miijo Akinloye ngoo addani Aminu woppude laamu nde tawnoo ina sikkaa ko « tooñde darnde makko ngenndiire ». Shagari siftinii ndee firo ko "deduction plausible kono ko feewti e majjere".<ref name=":304">{{Cite book |last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 207 PRP caggal ɗuum wiyi wonde ndee firo ko fenaande sabu darnde ndee ina waawi rokkude Aminu "plateforme moƴƴo ngam mahngo natal".<ref name=":328">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 58–59 Yiyngo ngoɗngo e haala kaa ummii ko e sehilaaɓe politik Aminu, haa teeŋti noon e [[Kano]], ko wayi no Lawan Dambazau, Lili Gabari, Dauda Dangalan, e [[Sabo Bakin Zuwo]]. E wiyde maɓɓe, nde o anndi Aminu saliima hootde to NPN, Aminu Dantata yaawi yahde [[Kano]], o noddi batu to galle makko e yimɓe heewɓe teeŋtuɓe, ina heen jom en njulaagu, politik, gollotooɓe laamu, e annduɓe ummoriiɓe Kano. Faandaare ndeeɗoo hawriinde ko yiylaade laabi ngam waawde waawnude Aminu ngam nanondirde e NPN. Tawtoraaɓe heewɓe mbaɗti yeewtidde e haala kaa, e wiyde mo yo o hawru e lannda kaa. Dr. Ibrahim Datti Ahmed, gonnooɗo hooreejo-General Diisnondiral toowngal ngam Sharia e nder leydi Nijeer, o rokkaama fartaŋŋe haalde, e wiyde Dambazau, "o ñaawii Mallam Aminu no gaño worgo; gaño juɓɓule aadaaji; gaño mo, theNP ɓe mbaawaano". Dambazau teskiima hay gooto daranaaki Aminu, etaade haɗde Datti e nder haala mum. Caggal haala Datti, Aminu fawi hoore mum, batu nguu jippii e jiiɓru, ɗum addani ngu jokkude haa janngo mum.<ref name=":285">{{Cite book|last=Auwalu|first=Anwar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYurDwAAQBAJ|title=Politics as Dashed Hopes in Nigeria|date=2019-08-23|publisher=Safari Books Ltd|isbn=978-978-55986-5-0|language=en}}</ref>: 59–60 Aminu rafi ko adii batu garoowo, o woni e leeso balɗe. E nder rafi makko, wallidiiɓe Aminu ummoriiɓe nokkuuji ceertuɗi e nder leydi ndii, ina jeyaa heen Balarabe Muusa (mo [[Kaduna]]), A.D Yahya, Ananobi (mo Port Harcourt), B.K. Benson (ummo [[Lagos]]), e Dandatti Abdulkadir, Dahiru Liman, e Dambazau (kamɓe fof ummiiɓe Kano), kawri to Kano ngam yeewtidde e makko e geɗe garooje ɗe o jogori rewde.<ref name=":284">{{Cite book|last=Auwalu|first=Anwar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYurDwAAQBAJ|title=Politics as Dashed Hopes in Nigeria|date=2019-08-23|publisher=Safari Books Ltd|isbn=978-978-55986-5-0|language=en}}</ref>: 60–62 Waɗooɓe Aminu yuɓɓinii batu mawngu, caggal ɗuum ɓe inniri ɗum Taron Rami, firti ko "batu diƴƴe". Tawaaɓe e ndeeɗoo batu ciftinii wonde Aminu ina tooña, ina hormaa NPN e terɗe mum, ɗum addani mo ƴettude kuulal ngam sosde lannda mum politik. Wowooɓe e hiirde nde ko Dambazau, Usmaan Nagado, e [[Abubakar Rimi|Abuubakar Rimi]]. Hay so tawii o rafii e leeso, Aminu neldi nulaaɓe e nder ngenndi ndii ngam jokkondirde e wallidiiɓe makko e wondiiɓe makko ngam yeewtidde e golle garooje ɗee. Caggal jaabawuuli moƴƴi, o sosi goomu ngam lelnude golle lannda kaa. Lannda rimɗinde yimɓe (PRP) udditaa to [[Kaduna]] ñalnde 21 oktoobar 1978, tawi ina noddira senndikaaji radikal en, artisaneeɓe, remooɓe, jannginooɓe yahruɓe yeeso, jaayndiyankooɓe, winndooɓe, e wonnooɓe terɗe NEPU e nder renndo mum. Terɗe lannda ka arandeeji tedduɗi ina mbaɗi yimɓe mawɓe e nder leydi ndii kala, ko wayi no [[Sam Ikoku]], [[Abubakar Rimi]], [[Chinua Achebe]], [[Wole Soyinka]], [[Yusufu Bala Usman]], [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru Musa Yar’Adua]], [[Sule Lamiɗo|Sule Lamido]], [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba|Ghali Umar Na’Abba]], [[Sabo Bakin Zuwo|Sabo Bakin Zuke]], Michael Im Udditgol ngol e lewru Oktoobar ina wiyee addani "yimɓe heewɓe ɓe ngoongɗinaaka e nder kala fannu nguurndam."<ref name=":283">{{Cite book|last=Auwalu|first=Anwar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYurDwAAQBAJ|title=Politics as Dashed Hopes in Nigeria|date=2019-08-23|publisher=Safari Books Ltd|isbn=978-978-55986-5-0|language=en}}</ref>: 62–65 <ref name=":327">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 56–58 === 1979 suɓol leydi Najeriya === Winndannde mawnde: Suɓngo hooreejo leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1979 Wooteeji mbaɗaama hakkunde 7 [[lewru]] juko e 11 [[lewru]] bowte hitaande 1979. Ko lanndaaji joy tan mbaawi tawtoreede ɗeen wooteeji, so wonaa NPN e PRP, tati keddiiɗi ɗii ko Awolowo ardii lannda ngootaagu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] (UPN), Azikiwe ardii lannda yimɓe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] (NPP), e lannda leñol Nijeer (NPP), e lannda leñol [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] mawɗo ( Wahirid ''People's Party''). NPC ko politik. Suɓol ngol woni arandewol ngol waɗaama nder duuɓi 15, ngol woni arandewol nder Fuunaange lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ngol rewɓe ɗon mari haaje tawtoreede. Aminu suɓaama ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi PRP, kono FEDECO salii mo yamiroore ngam tawtoreede woote sabu ŋakkeende to bannge njoɓdi, o ɗaɓɓiraa ko yo o rokku « hujjaaji ɓurɗi laaɓtude ». Aminu salii yoɓde kala ko yowitii e njoɓdi ndi wonaa njoɓdi ndi ɓe ndokki [[Naajeeriya]] fof tawa ko e njoɓdi. O laɓɓinaama haa jooni ɓaawo bayyinaango ñaawirdu yalti ngam wallitde Aminu wiyde o waasaani yoɓde njoɓdi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ojo|first=Olatunde J. B.|date=1981|title=The Impact of Personality and Ethnicity on the Nigerian Elections of 1979|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4185981|journal=Africa Today|volume=28|issue=1|pages=47–58|jstor=4185981|issn=0001-9887}}</ref> Ina ɓeydoo laaɓtude wonde NPN ina « jogori heɓde laamu » nde wooteeji ɗii njahrata yeeso. Caggal nde lannda kaa heɓi nafoore mawnde e wooteeji Asaambele ngenndi, lanndaaji tawtoraaɗi ɗii puɗɗii eɓɓude e sosde nanondiral. Ñalnde 28 sulyee, lanndaaji tati e nder lanndaaji joy ɗii — woni UPN, NPP, e GNPP — kawri to Lagos ngam waɗde fedde ngam haɓaade NPN. PRP noddaama ngam naatde e ndee fedde kono jaabaaki.[72] Ko nanndi e ɗuum, ko NPN ƴetti e PRP rewrude e Shehu Shagari, kanndidaa NPN ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi. E nder deftere makko, o wiyi o waɗii ndee eɓɓaande ko nde Aminu woni e etaade heɓde FEDECO ngam laaɓtinde mo. O etinooma faamnude Aminu yo yaltu e woote gardagol leydi « nde tawnoo enen ɗiɗo fof eɗen nganndi fartaŋŋe makko ina ŋakki ». E nder ɗuum, PRP ina waawi ɓurde tiiɗnaade e wooteeji goɗɗi ɗii, e « tawtoreede laamu fedde NPN ». E wiyde Shagari, Aminu jaɓii kono ko e sarɗiiji ɗiɗi : maa o yeewtid e terɗe lannda makko, o ɗaɓɓa yamiroore, kadi o luulnda kuulal ngal FEDECO ƴetti e ñaawirdu ngam « daranaade innde makko moƴƴere ». Aminu laɓɓinaama ñalnde 1 ut 1979, waktuuji seeɗa ko adii lajal toɗɗagol hooreejo leydi. O ummiima Kano o fayti Lagos ñalnde heen ngam waɗde kaayitaaji makko to FEDECO. Ɗum addani Shagari wiyde wonde PRP jaɓaani nanondiral maɓɓe ngal.[30]: 225 [73][74]: 90 Woote hooreleydaagu baɗnooɗe ñalnde 11 ut, Aminu heɓi tan ko e nder diiwaan mum Kano, ɗo o dañi 76% e wooteeji ɗii. E nder leydi ndii fof, o dañii 1 732 113 woote, ko ina tolnoo e 10% e wooteeji ɗi o heɓi ɗii fof.[69]: 187 PRP ƴettii woote ɗee no hare e nder Kano nii, o waɗii kampaañ propagande yaajɗo ngam ɓamtude ndeeɗoo daartol, addani lannda oo heɓde nafoore mawnde e nder leydi ndii dowla.<ref name=":326">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 110 <ref name=":332">{{Cite book|last=Mwakikagile|first=Godfrey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqTjUjdvTQwC|title=Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria|date=2001|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-56072-967-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bienen|first=Henry|url=http://archive.org/details/politicalconflic0000bien|title=Political conflict and economic change in Nigeria|date=1985|publisher=London, England; Totowa, N.J. : F. Cass|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-135-17409-5}}</ref>: 83 Yanti heen, PRP heɓi nafooje e wooteeji ɗiɗi guwerneeruuji : [[Abubakar Rimi]] to [[Kano]] (e 79% e wooteeji) e [[Balarabe Musa]] to [[Kaduna]] (e 45% e wooteeji). E wiyde Shagari, Aminu ko kampaañ baawɗo golle, tee "ina teskii yimɓe no feewi, ina yurminii ɓe no feewi" kono o waawaano ɓurde nafoore e nder leydi ndii fof sabu "PRP makko ina ŋakki njuɓɓudi mawndi e kaɓirɗe potɗe huutoreede ngam kampaañ moƴƴo e nder leydi ndii kala".<ref name=":303">{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 223 Ñalnde 16 lewru nduu, FEDECO yaltini njeñtudi woote gardagol leydi ndii. Shagari hollitaama ko kañum heɓi 5 688 857 woote e nder leydi ndii kala.<ref name=":325">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 139 === Jaabawuuli === Anndinoore FEDECO ndee ina waɗi luural, sibu Azikiwe, lomtii lanndaaji nay ɗi keɓaani nafoore, salii "e nder mum fof, tawa alaa ko heddii heen, bayyinaango Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] wonde hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo".<ref name=":322">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 145 <ref>{{Cite web|title=NIGERIA: UNSUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES OPPOSE DECLARATION OF NEW PRESIDENT BY ELECTORAL COMMISSION.|url=https://reuters.screenocean.com/record/1053477|access-date=2024-03-01|website=Reuters Archive Licensing|language=en|type=video}}</ref> Ñaawirde Supree e Awolo app eeraango.<ref name=":323">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 148 Caggal nde Shagari bayyinaa wonde hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo, kawral hakkunde lanndaaji luulndiiɗi ɗii, tawi jooni ina jeyaa heen PRP, tiiɗtii, ɗum addani NPN laamɗo oo yiylaade kawral mum. Ɓe ɓami lanndaaji nay keddiiɗi ɗii ngam fuɗɗoraade kaaldigal, ko PRP adii jaɓde, e wiyde Shagari. Kono ko NPP Azikiwe joofni e ‘nanondiral’ e lannda laamu nguu. Sarɗiiji nanondiral ngal, ko wakili’en lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii njoofni ñalnde 22 ut, balɗe ɗiɗi caggal nde Azikiwe haali konngol mum ngam salaade bayyinaango Shagari. Batuuji jowitiiɗi e sarɗiiji nanondiral ngal puɗɗii ko ñalnde 20 ut, ñalngu nguu konngol ngol waɗi. E wiyde daartoowo biyeteeɗo [[Oyeleye Oyediran]], gooto e nanondiral baɗngal e nder batuuji ɗii ko feewti e Aminu, holliri wonde "peeje keertiiɗe ina poti waɗeede ngam Alhaji Aminu Kano, hooreejo PRP, ko lannda makko ngam naatde e fedde nde."<ref name=":324">{{Cite book|last=Oyediran|first=Oyeleye|author-link=Oyeleye Oyediran|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerian1979elec00oyed|title=The Nigerian 1979 elections|date=1981|publisher=Illupeju, Lagos [Nigeria] : Macmillan Nigeria|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-31786-0}}</ref>: 156–158 Ko ɓuri hitaande e nder laamu Shagari, nanondiral NPN-NPP ngal yanii hay so tawii lannda laamu nguu rokkii terɗe NPP geɗe ardorde teeŋtuɗe. Nanondiral ngal joofi ko ñalnde 6 sulyee 1981, caggal nanondiral hakkunde lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗii.<ref name=":348">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === PRP feccii === Won e lebbi e nder Republique ɗiɗaɓo, guwerneeruuji 9 ummoriiɗi e UPN, GNPP, e PRP mbaɗii batuuji lewru kala ɗo ɓe mbaɗi jeewte e ɓe ndarni wullitaango maɓɓe e laamu Shagari. Ɓeen guwerneeruuji njiytiraa ko no luulndo politik ɓurngo mawnude e lannda laamu nguu. Ɗum addani PRP jiiɓru nde tawnoo ardiiɓe lannda ka ɓurɓe waawde – hooreejo mum Aminu e Sekereteer mum ngenndiijo, S.G. Ikoku – teeŋtinii gollondiral e NPN, won heen terɗe ɓurɗe radikal, ina heen guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii, [[Abubakar Rimi]] e [[Balarabe Musa]], kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe terɗe niver the Goun N luulndii kala sifaa gollondiral.<ref name=":349">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Feddeeji ɗiɗi mbaɗi e nder lannda kaa. Fedde 'radical' ndee ko ɓuri heewde ko "ina tiiɗi e waylo-waylo radikal e doosɗe sosiyaalist en." Ɓe njoginoo ko yiɗde "jokkondiral udditiingal hakkunde doole kisal". Ina waɗi heen yoga e terɗe sosɗe lannda kaa, ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji mayru, annduɓe mayri teeŋtuɓe, e guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii. Nde wonnoo fedde woɗnde ndee ko terɗe lannda ɓurɗe teskin’de e miijooji ceertuɗi. Ɓe cemmbini ‘neɗɗaagu demokaraasi’ ɓurngu yooɗde e Aminu Kano, ɓe njogii ko miijo wonde haɓde e laamu Shagari “ina foti rokkude, ko famɗi fof, e oo sahaa, ko foti wonde darnde ngootaagu ngenndi e gollondiral hakkunde lanndaaji.” Ndee fedde ina waɗi leftist en mawɓe—hono Ikoku—njulaagu, annduɓe, e terɗe lannda goɗɗe lolluɗe e Aminu.<ref name=":3410">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Joseph|first=Richard A.|url=http://archive.org/details/democracyprebend0000jose|title=Democracy and prebendal politics in Nigeria : the rise and fall of the Second Republic|date=1987|publisher=Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-34136-3}}</ref>: 143 Fedde radikal ndee wiyetee ko Santsi (‘slippery’ e ɗemngal Hausa) caggal nde Aminu wiyi ɓe ngoni ko e ŋoral ŋoral. Rimi jaabii ndeen wonde ‘won e ardiiɓe lanndaaji’ ‘ina njuɓɓina e nder loope’, ko ɗum waɗi fedde daraniiɓe Aminu ndee ina wiyee Taɓo (‘loope’ e ɗemngal Hausa).<ref name=":282">{{Cite book|last=Auwalu|first=Anwar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYurDwAAQBAJ|title=Politics as Dashed Hopes in Nigeria|date=2019-08-23|publisher=Safari Books Ltd|isbn=978-978-55986-5-0|language=en}}</ref>: 432 <ref>{{Cite news|last=Jega|first=Mahmud|title=Red, Blue and Swing States|url=https://issuu.com/thisdaylive/docs/tdla_0116_5adc568f6292ba|work=Thisday Newspapers|pages=48}}</ref> E nder ndunngu 1980, nde Aminu woni caggal leydi ngam safrude, ardorde PRP haɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii tawtoreede batuuji guwerneeruuji jeenay ɗii. Nde o arti, o waawaano jokkondirde hakkunde pelle ɗiɗi ɗee, o jokkondiri e fedde Taɓo, o jaɓi heen golle sosngo lannda. Nde guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo ɗii ndartini tawtoreede batuuji ɗii hay so tawii ko yamiroore nde, ɓe ndiiwaa e lannda kaa. E nder jaabawol, fedde Santsi, wiynde ko PRP goonga, noddi batu lannda e lewru desaambar 1980, ɗo ɓe ndiiwi Aminu e Ikoku, ɓe lomtini ɗum en mawɗo [[Michael Imoudu|Michael Imodu]] e [[Abubakar Rimi]]. Kono, hay so tawii noon ko heewi e depiteeji PRP ina ngondi e fedde Santsi, FEDECO jaɓii Aminu wonde hooreejo PRP laawɗuɗo.<ref name=":347">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":346">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 13 [[File:Aminu Kano and Abubakar Rimi.jpg|thumb|Aminu e Abuubakar rimi. Ina gasa tawa ƴettaa ko adii nde lannda kaa feccata.]] Feddeeji ɗiɗi mbaɗi e nder lannda kaa. Fedde 'radical' ndee ko ɓuri heewde ko "ina tiiɗi e waylo-waylo radikal e doosɗe sosiyaalist en." Ɓe njoginoo ko yiɗde "jokkondiral udditiingal hakkunde doole kisal". Ina waɗi heen yoga e terɗe sosɗe lannda kaa, ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji mayru, annduɓe mayri teeŋtuɓe, e guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii. Nde wonnoo fedde woɗnde ndee ko terɗe lannda ɓurɗe teskin’de e miijooji ceertuɗi. Ɓe cemmbini ‘neɗɗaagu demokaraasi’ ɓurngu yooɗde e Aminu Kano, ɓe njogii ko miijo wonde haɓde e laamu Shagari “ina foti rokkude, ko famɗi fof, e oo sahaa, ko foti wonde darnde ngootaagu ngenndi e gollondiral hakkunde lanndaaji.” Ndee fedde ina waɗi leftist en mawɓe—hono Ikoku—njulaagu, annduɓe, e terɗe lannda goɗɗe lolluɗe e Aminu.<ref name=":345">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Joseph|first=Richard A.|url=http://archive.org/details/democracyprebend0000jose|title=Democracy and prebendal politics in Nigeria : the rise and fall of the Second Republic|date=1987|publisher=Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-34136-3}}</ref>: 143 Fedde radikal ndee wiyetee ko Santsi (‘''slippery''’ e ɗemngal Hausa) caggal nde Aminu wiyi ɓe ngoni ko e ŋoral ŋoral. Rimi jaabii ndeen wonde ‘won e ardiiɓe lanndaaji’ ‘ina njuɓɓina e nder loope’, ko ɗum waɗi fedde daraniiɓe Aminu ndee ina wiyee Taɓo (‘loope’ e ɗemngal Hausa).<ref name=":28">{{Cite book|last=Auwalu|first=Anwar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYurDwAAQBAJ|title=Politics as Dashed Hopes in Nigeria|date=2019-08-23|publisher=Safari Books Ltd|isbn=978-978-55986-5-0|language=en}}</ref>: 432 <ref>{{Cite news|last=Jega|first=Mahmud|title=Red, Blue and Swing States|url=https://issuu.com/thisdaylive/docs/tdla_0116_5adc568f6292ba|work=Thisday Newspapers|pages=48}}</ref> E nder ndunngu 1980, nde Aminu woni caggal leydi ngam safrude, ardorde PRP haɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗi ɗii tawtoreede batuuji guwerneeruuji jeenay ɗii. Nde o arti, o waawaano jokkondirde hakkunde pelle ɗiɗi ɗee, o jokkondiri e fedde Taɓo, o jaɓi heen golle sosngo lannda. Nde guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo ɗii ndartini tawtoreede batuuji ɗii hay so tawii ko yamiroore nde, ɓe ndiiwaa e lannda kaa. E nder jaabawol, fedde Santsi, wiynde ko PRP goonga, noddi batu lannda e lewru desaambar 1980, ɗo ɓe ndiiwi Aminu e Ikoku, ɓe lomtini ɗum en mawɗo [[Michael Imoudu|Michael Imodu]] e [[Abubakar Rimi]]. Kono, hay so tawii noon ko heewi e depiteeji PRP ina ngondi e fedde Santsi, FEDECO jaɓii Aminu wonde hooreejo PRP laawɗuɗo.<ref name=":344">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jr.|first=C S Whitaker|url=http://archive.org/details/perspectivesonse0000unse|title=Perspectives on the second republic in Nigeria|date=1981|publisher=Waltham, Mass. : Crossroads Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-918456-43-4}}</ref>: 13 === 1981 Kano fitina === Ñalnde 7 sulyee 1981, guwerneer Rimi yaltini ɓataake feewde e ''Emir'' [[Kano]], hono [[Ado Bayero]], ina tuuma ɗum wonde o anniyaaki hormaade laamu diiwaan Kano. Ɓataake oo ina ɗaɓɓi jaabawol e nder waktuuji 48 ngam hollirde hol ko waɗi kuule diisnondiral fotaani ƴetteede. Ɓataake oo siforaama e jaaynde wiyeteende ''West Africa'' wonde « ɓuri waasde hormaade... ina fotnoo wasiyaade binndoowo, kono... ina fotnoo haaldude e hooreejo aadaaji e diine [teddinaaɗo] ». Diineeji e hakkillaaji goɗɗi cemmbinɗi kadi ñiŋii ɓataake oo, kam e kaalirde fedde Taɓo. NPN huutoriima ngonka kaa ko yaawi, e wiyde "yimɓe moƴƴuɓe" yo "rewru e juɓɓule mum en gaadanteeje".<ref name=":343">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Fitinaaji puɗɗii ñalnde 10 sulyee 1981, to Kano, tawi ko cuuɗi laamu keewɗi wuli, ina jeyaa heen Sekretariyaa laamu leydi ndii, Rajo Kano, e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Joɗnde fedde Santsi e hoɗorɗe mawɓe e laamu Rimi kadi ko ko njiylotonoo. Doktoor [[Bala Mohammed Bauchi]], mawɗo jaagorgal Rimi to bannge politik, kadi ko kañum woni ganndo mawɗo e nder lannda ka, maayi e nder yiite ngee. Jaaynde [[Afrik]] worgo limtii bonnugol fitinaaji ɗii fof ko ₦100 miliyoŋ e nder tonngoode mum 20 sulyee 1981. Ardiiɓe fedde Santsi tuumi NPN e Aminu ko kamɓe njuɓɓini fitinaaji ɗii ngam "reende doole maɓɓe politik".<ref name=":342">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Diamond|date=1982|title=Cleavage, Conflict, and Anxiety in the Second Nigerian Republic|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160342|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=20|issue=4|pages=629–668|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000288|jstor=160342|issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Caggal mum === Warngo Doktoor Bala Mohammed ɓeydii luggiɗde e feccere e nder PRP. Ko adii hitaande nde, Balarabe Musa, guwerneer PRP mo Kaduna, ƴaɓɓii laamu e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndi NPN ɓuri heewde. E hitaande 1982, o yaltini deftere wiyeteende « Hare ngam waylude renndo e faggudu » , o tuumi heen Aminu wonde ko kañum yuɓɓini warngooji baɗnooɗi e hitaande 1981 ɗii. Musa ɓeydi heen wonde hay so tawii "denndaangal haalaaji makko, taali makko, geɗe makko, e peeje makko, Mallam Aminu Kano waawaano heɓde laamu men e ko ɓuri heewde e lannda kaa ngam janfaade Porogaraam men mawɗo oo."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Musa|first=Balarabe|author-link=Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa|url=http://archive.org/details/struggleforsocia0000musa|title=Struggle for social and economic change|date=1982|publisher=Zaria : Northern Nigerian Pub. Co.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-169-216-1}}</ref>: 162 Caggal nde terɗe keewɗe jogiiɗe doole e nder PRP riiwaa, fedde Santsi ndee feccii, sabu geɗe bayɗe no wooteeji, kiris nguurndam, e luural peeñngal. [[Abubakar Rimi]] naati e NPP Azikiwe, [[Balarabe Muusa]] etinooma jokkondirde e Aminu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Abdulraheem|first1=Tajudeen|last2=Olukoshi|first2=Adebayo|date=1986|title=The Left in Nigerian Politics and the Struggle for Socialism: 1945-1985|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4005819|journal=Review of African Political Economy|issue=37|pages=64–80|jstor=4005819|issn=0305-6244}}</ref> Musa hollitii e yeewtere 2012 wonde rafi Aminu e nder ooɗoo sahaa addi mo « ko ɓuri heewde e ko o anndaa ko woni e sara makko », ko ɗum « won e yimɓe bonɓe wonɓe e sara makko ». Muusaa siftini kadi anniya Aminu ngam yuɓɓinde batu nanondiral e galle mum, kono cellal makko bonngal haɗi ɗum, ɗum addani mo maayde haa jooni.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tilde|first=Dr Aliyu U.|date=2012-05-26|title=Interview (1): An Evening with Balarabe Musa|url=https://aliyuutilde.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/interview-1-an-evening-with-balarabe-musa/|access-date=2024-03-23|website=Discourse With Dr. Tilde|language=en}}</ref> E nder heblo woote hooreleydaagu 1983, Aminu suɓii Bola Ogunbo ngam won'de hooreejo leydi ndii, ko ngol woni go'o ko debbo ina jogori jogaade darnde e nder leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mama|first=Amina|date=1995|title=Feminism or Femocracy? State Feminism and Democratisation in Nigeria|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43657968|journal=Africa Development / Afrique et Développement|volume=20|issue=1|pages=37–58|jstor=43657968|issn=0850-3907}}</ref> Kono o sankii ko ñalnde 17 abriil 1983, lebbi keewɗi ko adii woote ɗee.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mahmud|first=Sakah S.|date=1988|editor-last=Feinstein|editor-first=Alan|title=Mallam Aminu Kano and the Politics of Change in Nigeria|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4186467|journal=Africa Today|volume=35|issue=1|pages=57–60|jstor=4186467|issn=0001-9887}}</ref> == Wade == Caggal nde o dañi rafi mboros bonɗo sabu rafi mboros cerebral, Aminu Kano sankii ñalnde 17 abriil 1983 to galle makko to [[Kano]]. O wirnaa ko ñalnde heen e nder galle makko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aminu Kano {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries|url=https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/people/historicalpeople/aminu-kano|access-date=2024-04-11|website=zodml.org}}</ref> Gila hitaande 2001, hitaande kala, ñalngu mawningol maayde makko ina waɗee e nder galle [[Mambayya]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dori|first=Gambo|date=20 April 2018|title=Musings from Aminu Kano's 35th anniversary for the 17th yr on 17th April|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/musings-from-aminu-kanos-35th-anniversary-for-the-17th-yr-on-17th-april/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Njawdi == Naajeeriya waawataa wonde noon kadi sabu Aminu Kano ina hoɗi ɗoo. — [[Chinua Achebe]], Natal [[Afrik]] / Caɗeele e [[Naajeeriya]] Batte Aminu ina njokki e ƴellitaade e nder politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ko juuti caggal maayde makko. Heewɓe e almuɓɓe makko gila e balɗe makko e nder PRP njahi haa ɓe ngonti yimɓe mawɓe e nder politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], haa teeŋti noon e jamaanu Republique nayaɓere (1999—hannde). Teskaama e nder ɓeeɗoo politikaaji ko [[Sule Lamiɗo|Sule Lamido]], gonnooɗo guwerneer Jigawa tuggi 2007 haa 2015, e teddungal Aminu, mahii ''Triangle'' Mallam Aminu Kano to [[Dutse]];<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gaya|first=Suleiman Uba|date=8 March 2015|title=Sule Lamido and the Jigawa Narrative|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/03/sule-lamido-and-the-jigawa-narrative/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> [[Ghali Umar Na'Abba]]; joginooɗo jappeere hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii tuggi3990. e ɓurɗo teeŋtude, [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]], gardinooɗo leydi Nijeer gila 2007 haa o maayi ñalnde 5 [[lewru]] mbooy hitaande 2010.<ref name=":317">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adekaiyaoja|first=Afolabi|date=2022-07-07|title=Rabiu Kwankwaso and the Legacy of Aminu Kano|url=https://republic.com.ng/june-july-2022/kwankwaso-kano/|access-date=2024-04-25|website=The Republic|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ina gasa tawa maande ɓurnde tiiɗde e batte Aminu jokkuɗe e politik leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ina yiyee e nder diiwaan makko [[Kano]]. Politiyankooɓe yiɗɓe ballal ''talakawa'' ina keewi wiyde ko kamɓe ngoni ‘lomtiiɓe Aminu Kano’, tawi ko gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan [[Kano]] e ƴamoowo hooreejo leydi [[Rabiu Kwankwaso]] woni yeru maantinɗo.<ref name=":316">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":352">{{Cite web|last=Tilde|first=Dr Aliyu U.|date=2012-06-15|title=Interview (4): Kwankwaso|url=https://aliyuutilde.wordpress.com/2012/06/15/interview-4-kwankwaso/|access-date=2024-04-25|website=Discourse With Dr. Tilde|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Kwankwasiyya May 29 2011.jpeg|thumb|Natal ngal ƴettaa ko to [[Kano]] e sahaa nde Kwankwaso toɗɗaa e gardagol guwerneer Kano e hitaande 2011, ngalɗoo natal ina hollita almuɓɓe makko, anndiraaɓe [[Kwankwasiyya]]. Ɓe mbeltiniri cappanɗe boɗeeje, limce daneeje, e paɗe ɓaleeje, ɗe njibinaama e mbaydi siyno Aminu, ndi Kwankwaso ƴetti caggal mum.<ref name=":35">{{Cite web|last=Tilde|first=Dr Aliyu U.|date=2012-06-15|title=Interview (4): Kwankwaso|url=https://aliyuutilde.wordpress.com/2012/06/15/interview-4-kwankwaso/|access-date=2024-04-25|website=Discourse With Dr. Tilde|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Abuh|first=Adamu|date=3 November 2015|title='Our Kwankwasiya ideology improved the lot of Kano indigenes'|url=https://guardian.ng/features/our-kwankwasiya-ideology-improved-the-lot-of-kano-indigenes/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref>]] === Sinemaaji e pijirlooji Hausa === Ƴeew kadi: Sinema ɗemngal Hausa Nde o woni suka, Aminu ina heewi waɗde pijirlooji ɗi o huutortoo ngam waɗde "wullitaango makko, ñiŋooje makko, e yiɗdeeji makko e mbaadi pijirlooji". E nder ɗeen pijirlooji, o heewnoo ko reende darnde ardiinde ndee e hoore makko, o rokka geɗe goɗɗe ɗee wondiiɓe makko pijirlooji ɗii.<ref name=":126">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 43–44 Caggal ɗuum, nde o woni almuudo to duɗal hakkundeewal [[Kano]], o woni gadano winndude golle pijirlooji e ɗemngal Hausa.<ref name=":26">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>:228<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gar|first=Yusuf Baba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFjfEAAAQBAJ|title=Capturing Culture: Traditional Theater in Contemporary Hausa Video Films|date=2024-01-18|publisher=LIT Verlag|isbn=978-3-643-96410-6|pages=81|language=en}}</ref> Which heduna the 92 sosi Fedde Dramatique, o winndi heen pijirlooji keewɗi ɗi o: ...ƴami huuwugo yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe nden ɓe ɗon ƴama system emiraaji haa woyla lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E nder pijirlooji ɗii, ''Kai wane ne a kasuwar'' [[Kano]] ''da ba za a cuce ka ba''? (‘Ko mbaaw-ɗaa wonde fof, aɗa foolee e luumo [[Kano]]’) o hollitii huutoraade yimɓe leydi e juuɗe njulaagu ɓe ngalaa ɓerɗe, e nder ''Karya Fure take ba ta ‘ya’ya'' (‘Fenaande ina ɓuuɓna kono alaa ko heɓata’) o umminii caɗeele njoɓdi ɓurtundi ndi yimɓe teeru [[Hausa language|Hausa]] en njoɓata. E nder duuɓi 1939—1941 Aminu Kano winndi ko ina tolnoo e pijirlooji juutɗi capanɗe ɗiɗi ngam huutoraade duɗe ɗe o jaɓaani yoga e aadaaji nokkuuji ɓooyɗi kam e golle laamu ngenndi e nder njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi koloñaal ndi wonaa to bannge njuɓɓudi.<ref name=":1411">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>:276 <ref name=":25">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|publisher=Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9|editor-last=Andrzejewski|editor-first=B. W.|pages=243|editor-last2=Piłaszewicz|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Tyloch|editor-first3=W.}}</ref>228 <ref name=":34">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref>: E hitaande 1940, e nder batu kuuɓtodinngu ɗiɗaɓuru hitaande kala fedde sukaaɓe mawɓe [[Kaduna]] (hannde Fedde sukaaɓe mawɓe Barewa), batu ɗo almudɓe duɗal ngal « kawri e yeewtere welnde hakkunde mum en », Aminu, e oon sahaa ko almuudo haa jooni, yuɓɓini pijirlooji mum ''Kai wane ne a kasuwar'' Kanotendees to KOBA. E wiyde [[Abubakar Imam]], jeyaaɗo e tawtoraaɓe ɓee, ‘yiylotooɓe’ ɓee njiyri pijirlooji ɗii ko no « politik nii, baawɗi bonnude ko ɓuri moƴƴude e deeƴre diiwaan oo, haa teeŋti noon e hare winndereere » . Ɗum addani ardiiɓe duɗal ngal salaade jaɓɓaade kala batuuji garooji e jokkondirde e KOBA.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book|last=Imam|first=Abubakar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yawsAAAAIAAJ|title=The Abubakar Imam Memoirs|date=1989|publisher=NNPC|isbn=978-978-169-308-3|language=en}}</ref>: 162 Aminu heɓi heen miijo mum ko e winndooɓe mawɓe hono Sekseer,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Clark|first=Trevor|url=http://archive.org/details/wasitonlyyesterd0000unse|title=Was it only yesterday? : the last generation of Nigeria's "Turawa"|publisher=Bristol : BECM Press|others=Internet Archive|year=2002|isbn=978-0-9530174-7-8}}</ref>: 284 Rousseau, Voltaire, e Tom Paine, e etaade waylude golle mum en ngam heɗtiiɓe Hausa en.<ref name=":33">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref> O heewi wonde ko binndoowo pijirlooji, fijoowo, e gardotooɗo e nder pijirlooji makko, sahaa e sahaa fof omo wayla binndanɗe e pijirlooji walla omo huutoroo geɗe asliije tiiɗɗe. Kanko e gollodiiɓe makko ɓe mbaɗii dingiral, ɓe noddi yimɓe ɓee ngam seedaade kollirɗe maɓɓe, heewɓe heen ko e kewuuji hono Sallah. Ɗee golle keɓii weltaare, sahaa e sahaa fof ina ngadda heen hay amiir e ardiiɓe diiwanuuji. Aminu waɗii miijooji renndo e ñiŋooje rewrude e ɗeen pijirlooji e kollirɗe. Pijirlooji gooti teskiniiɗi, ɗi puɗɗii innireede Kar Ka Bata Hajin Naka (‘Wota bonnu hajjuuji maa’), caggal ɗuum ɗi inniri Alhaji Ka Iya Kwanga (‘Alhaji, aɗa anndi no njiyru-ɗaa Conga’), jeertinii Naajeeriyankooɓe e waasde nanngeede e njiimaandi ɓurndi toowde e laabi Hirnaange, teeŋtinirɗi. E nder ɗuum, o wiyi yo waylo waylo rewrude e jaŋde e nder aadaaji maɓɓe.<ref name=":125">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 55 Hay so tawii o neldii pijirlooji makko keewɗi to [[Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo]], jaaynde laamu nde ɗemngal Hausa, hay heen gootal jaɓaaka.<ref name=":1410">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 277 <ref name=":32">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref> E wiyde [[Abdalla Uba Adamu]], ‘''Establishment'' aadaaji ɗii fof ina tiiɗi no feewi ngam jaɓde ƴeewndo binndol keeriiɗo e maɓɓe,9. Pijirlooji Aminu Kano ina njogii batte e nder sinemaaji [[Hausa language|Hausa]], pijirlooji makko keewɗi mbaɗtaa e filmuuji.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCain|first=Carmen|date=2013|title=Nollywood and Its Others: Questioning English Language Hegemony in Nollywood Studies|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/538429|journal=The Global South|volume=7|issue=1|pages=30–54|doi=10.2979/globalsouth.7.1.30|s2cid=144044295|issn=1932-8656|url-access=subscription}}</ref> O ɓuri teeŋtude ko e [[Maitama Sule]], gooto e ƴettuɓe sinemaa [[Hausa language|Hausa]] ko adii. Sule siftinii yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Kaduna]] caggal nde Aminu heɓi bak mum, o siftini wonde fotde pijirlooji ɗi o waɗi ɗii fof ko Aminu winndi ɗi.<ref name=":124">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 56–57 O ɓeydi heen wonde o siftorii sahaa gooto ɗo: ...almuɓɓe ndarni haa nokkuure laanawol lesdi ngam salmingo Aminu nde ɓe nani o ɗon yaha diga [[Kano]] haa [[Diiwal Bauchi|Bauchi]], o ɗon jooɗa wakkati seɗɗa haa [[Kaduna]]. Lonngere ndee leeltinii waktuuji keewɗi, kamɓe fof ɓe ndartiima e ladde ngam waɗde pijirlooji makko ɗi ɓe ngollotonoo ɗii. Aminu, nde o ari, o naati e fedde nde...<ref name=":123">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 57 Sule waɗii darnde mawnde e sosde gooto e sosiyeteeji peewnugol filmuuji gadani e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]], hono [[Maitama Sule]] ''Drama Group''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Adamu|first=Abdalla Uba|url=https://auadamu.com/phocadownload/Conference_Presentations/Media_and_Cultural_Communication_Presentations/2005%20Read%20to%20Reel%20-%20Transformation%20of%20Hausa%20Popular%20Literature%20from%20Orality%20to%20Visuality.pdf|title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality|publisher=Department of Mass Communication Bayero University, Kano|year=2005|pages=8–9}}</ref> Ɗemɗe makko renndo e politik ina keewi feeñde e filmuuji [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], haa teeŋti e ɗi ɗemngal [[Hausa language|Hausa]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCain|first=Carmen|date=2013|title=Nollywood and Its Others: Questioning English Language Hegemony in Nollywood Studies|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/538429|journal=The Global South|volume=7|issue=1|pages=30–54|doi=10.2979/globalsouth.7.1.30|issn=1932-8656|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Miijooji peewnitgol === Aminu Kano naati e Dental ''Progressive Elements Nord'' ngam wonde fedde politik ngam haɓaade ko o miijii ko golle otokaraasi e fedde laamu ''Native Northern''. O feewni njiimaandi makko e elite laamu nguu haa arti noon e amiir en, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko [[Fulɓe]]. Doole plateau makko semmbinaama heen seeɗa sabu ''background'' makko. Baaba makko ko Alkali golloowo to [[Kano]] ummoriiɗo e leñol diineeji lislaam, Aminu Kano kadi addi miijooji lislaam ko fayti e potal e nder laabi kampaañ mum e nder republique gadano. ''Talakawas'' (commons) ɗuuɗɓe haa [[Kano]] ndarni ɓaawo nulal maako nden darnde maako nder siyaasa mawni diga ballal yimɓe [[Kano]] e soodooɓe pamari egguɓe haa woyla.<ref>M. G. Smith; Government in Kano, 1350-1950, Westview Press, 1997. p 492-493.</ref> Heewɓe e njulaagu nguu caggal ɗuum njooɗiima e birooji NEPU. O yiɗi kadi huutoraade politik ngam sosde renndo fotngo e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]. Miijo makko mawngo ngoɗngo e nder fuɗɗoode republique gadano oo, ko ruppitde lanndaaji tuugiiɗi e leƴƴi. Miijo ngoo jaɓɓaama no feewi e ballal makko ummoriingal e njulaagu tokoosi e gollooɓe e nder gure saraaji laawol laana njoorndi. Worɓe e rewɓe ɓuri heewde ko yimɓe eggooɓe yiylotooɓe fartaŋŋeeji njulaagu, tee ina njogii nanondiral leƴƴi seeɗa e renndooji jaɓɓotooɗi ɗum en ɗii. O holliti kadi njuɓɓudi fiscal ndi ina yiɗi yoɓde alɗuɓe e nder diiwaan hee, tee ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ardiiɓe politikaaji leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ballitooji potal hakkeeji rewɓe. Mallam Aminu Kano ko siyaasyanke teddinaaɗo no feewi e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]. O maantinii demokaraasi, doole rewɓe e ndimaagu haala. Aeroport, kolees e kadi mbedda mawɗo kadi ina inniree mo to [[Kano]]. Galle makko ɗo o hoɗi e ɗo o maayi e ɗo o wirnaa, wayliima wonti nokku wiɗto e heblo demokaraasi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero [[Kano]] === Doole rewɓe === Kuutoragol Aminu luggiɗngol e yumma mum e caɗeele renndo ɗe o fotnoo dañde, addani mo waɗde doole rewɓe e nder nguurndam makko.<ref name=":173">{{Cite journal|editor-last=Wakili|editor-first=Haruna|title=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.academia.edu/38919731|journal=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|date=January 2019|publisher=Mambayya House, Centre for Democratic Studies, Bayero University|publication-place=[[Kano, Nigeria]]}}</ref>: 53 O reentii e jogaade rewɓe heewɓe, o wiyi wonde Qur'aana ina jaɓi juulɗo resde haa rewɓe nayo hay so tawii ko impsuret tan wadugo. O firti ɗum ko Qur’aana jaɓaani dewgal keewngal. Goongɗinɗo no feewi jaŋde ko feere ngam rimɗinde rewɓe, o wallitorii duɗal rewɓe ngal hawri e galle makko gila 1952 haa o sankii e hitaande 1983, o rokki heen janngirɗe e golle juuɗe, e sewnde, e Hausa, e binndol e ɗemngal Engele. E nder duuɓi ɗiɗi ɗi o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, o winndi denndaangal binndanɗe makko teskinɗe e "Caɗeele jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe e nder [[Kano]]".<ref name=":149">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 290–291 <ref name=":121">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 102 <ref name=":122">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref> E nder nguurndam makko politik, Aminu ina jokki e haɓaade ittugol rewɓe e nguurndam renndo e geɗe politik laaɓtuɗe. O ƴetti miijooji lislaam ɗii « ndimaagu », « jihaadi » e « nuunɗal » ngam wallitde doole rewɓe, o waɗti ɗum e ngoƴa mawɗo e nder lannda makko politik. E bannge ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Isa Wali, o daraniima ndeeɗoo feere e kitaale 1950 e 1960, darnde nde heewaani yiyeede e oon sahaa. E nder kitaale 1970 e 1980, e gartugol demokaraasi e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], lannda ''People’s Redemption Party'' (PRP), e gardagol makko, ummii ko e lannda politik tan e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], jogorɗo haɓaade ndee ɗoo haala, Aminu wonti jokkondiral tiiɗngal e daranaade hakkeeji rewɓe ko ɓuri kala politikyanke leydi ndii. O hollitii wonde Qur'aana ina rokka juulɓe hakke "jogaade haala laaɓtuka e geɗe dowla walla wakiliijo mo o suɓii".<ref name=":163">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref>: 153 <ref name=":164">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/womenstatedevelo0000unse|title=Women, the state, and development|date=1989|publisher=Albany : State University of New York Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7914-0064-7|editor-last=M. Charlton|editor-first=Sue Ellen|pages=108|editor-last2=Everett|editor-first2=Jana|editor-last3=Staudt|editor-first3=Kathleen}}</ref> So tawiino o tawtoraama wooteeji hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1983, ko kanko woni debbo Bola Ogunbo, ko ngol woni go’o ko debbo [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ina suɓee e jappeere laamu toownde. O wiyi yo rewɓe ɓeydu naatde e geɗe renndo, o waɗta eɓɓooji jaŋde mawɗi wonande rewɓe rewrude e lannda makko PRP, o toɗɗii rewɓe heewɓe e golle renndo. E nder lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi o ardii ɗii, hono Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (NEPU) tuggi 1953 haa 1966 e PRP tuggi 1978 haa 1983, rewɓe ina cemmbinaa e politik. Kono, nde tawnoo ɗeen lanndaaji ina cosi baɗe rewɓe, ina kaɓa e geɗe jowitiiɗe e jaŋde e hakkeeji woote, ina keewi ustude terɗe rewɓe ngam haɓaade geɗe ɓurɗe yaajde e dow ndimaagu mum en. Baagal rewɓe, hay so ina woodi, ardaani waylooji moƴƴi walla mbayliigu wonande rewɓe.<ref name=":162">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/hausawomenintwen0000unse|title=Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-299-13024-4|editor-last=Coles|editor-first=Catherine|editor-last2=Mack|editor-first2=Beverly}}</ref>: 157 === Duɗe lislaamiyya === E nder kitaale 1950, e ƴettude ƴoƴre e duɗe lislaam to [[Sudan|Sudaan]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tankarkar|first=Maijama'a Sule|date=18 May 2012|title=Remembering Mallam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/5163-remembering_mallam_aminu_kano.html|access-date=2024-01-11|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> binndanɗe [[Abdullahi Dan fodio|Abdullahi dan Fodio]], e won e dille peewnitgol nannduɗe e ɗeen to Nijeer, Aminu fuɗɗii sosde duɗe [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] gadane, tawi faandaare mum ko peewnude e ƴellitde jaŋde [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] to [[Kano]]. Ngam heɓugo ballal, Aminu hokki taskaram man haa mallamai mawɓe haa [[Kano]], hawtaade e Sheek Na’ibi Suleymaani Wali e [[Inuwa Wada]]. Ko adii fof e ɗeen duɗe sosaa ko e nder diiwaan Sudawa wuro ngoo, ko yaawi ɓeydaade heewde yimɓe e binnditagol adanngol ngol almuudo 30, ko ɓooyaani koo mawni haa 60. Jibnaaɓe, haa teeŋti e ɓeen wonɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe tokosɓe, ɓuri yiɗde ɗeen duɗe nde tawnoo ɗe ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e jaŋde [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] tawa kadi ina naatna heen geɗe goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa jaŋde Hirnaange fof.<ref name=":120">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 142-144 <ref>{{Cite book|last=Daneji|first=Abdalla Uba Adamu|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368602049|title=From Evolution to Revolution: The Kano Emirate Yesterday Today and Tomorrow|date=July 2021|location=Kano|pages=12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mustapha|first=Olusegun|date=2018-04-20|title=Tunawa da Marigayi Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://aminiya.ng/tunawa-da-marigayi-malam-aminu-kano/|issn=0794-9049|access-date=2024-01-11|newspaper=Aminiya|language=ha}}</ref><ref name=":184">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":193">{{Cite book|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211113815/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2017|title=Kano State Education Accounts 2005/2006|date=2006|publisher=Kano State Education Accounts|pages=19–20}}</ref> Jaagorgal jaŋde ƴeewtiima duɗe ɗee, o weltiima e porogaraam oo, addani ɗum naatde e njuɓɓudi duɗe toowɗe. E nder hitaande wootere, duɗe Islamiyya sappo goɗɗe udditaama nder gure mawɗe nder Fuunaange [[Naajeeriya]], hawtaade e [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]], e [[Jos]]. Haa hitaande 1958, ko ina tolnoo e duɗe 60 hono ɗeen. E teskaade wonde ko ɓuri heewde e ballal ɗeen duɗe ummorii ko e terɗe NEPU, ɗe ngonti politik, ɗe ngoni ko e ƴattaade sahaa e sahaa fof, hay so tawii ko e fitinaaji. Ko wonaa ɗuum koo, njiimaandi ɗeen duɗe ina duumii, haa teeŋti noon e sukaaɓe rewɓe.<ref name=":183">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kane|first=Ousmane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CGIM8F6fuQC|title=Non-Europhone Intellectuals|date=2012|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-2-86978-506-9|pages=38|language=en}}</ref> Caggal nde [[Naajeeriya]] heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, laamu Fuɗnaange ɓeydi ballal mum e duɗe Islamiyya. E kitaale 1970, janngooɓe duɗe leslese "ko jiidaa e jaŋde maɓɓe leslese ina njaha e duɗe Islamiyya fo waktuuji keewɗi e ñalawma".<ref name=":182">{{Cite journal|last=Reichmuth|first=Stefan|date=1989|title=New Trends in Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Account|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570982|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=41–60|doi=10.2307/1570982|jstor=1570982|issn=0043-2539|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bray|first=Mark|url=http://archive.org/details/educationsociety0000bray|title=Education and society in Africa|date=1986|publisher=London : Edward Arnold|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7131-8158-6}}</ref>: 92 Hannde, ko ɓuri heewde e sukaaɓe e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] ina njaha e duɗe Islamiyya e sara jaŋde leslesre aada.<ref name=":192">{{Cite book|url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211113815/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M825.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2017|title=Kano State Education Accounts 2005/2006|date=2006|publisher=Kano State Education Accounts|pages=19–20}}</ref> Ɗee duɗe keɓii ballal laamu [[Naajeeriya]] e pelle winndereyankooje, ko wayi no USAID, e nder golle ngam ƴellitde paandaale hono jaŋde sukaaɓe rewɓe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thurston|first=Alex|date=2012-05-18|title=Nigeria's Islamiyya Schools: Global Project, Local Target|url=https://therevealer.org/islamiyya-schools-draft/|access-date=2024-01-11|website=The Revealer|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nguurndam neɗɗo == === Caalaje === Debbo Aminu gadano, Umma, ko debbo ceertuɗo e dewgal goɗngal. Ɓesngu makko ko '''royalty of sorts''<nowiki/>', ɓe njaɓaani dewgal makko e Aminu sabu 'darnde makko udditiinde ngam haɓaade laamɗo'. Dewgal ngal waɗi ko to [[Kano]] e hitaande 1939; kono ɓe ndartini ɗum nde Aminu ummii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna. Umma, mo luutndii fusde, dogi fayi Kaduna, resi Aminu. Ɓesngu makko dañii waawde faamnude ''Alkali'' nokku oo ngam fusde dewgal ngal laabi ɗiɗi caggal nde ɓe ngarti e [[Kano]] ngam juulde. Caggal nde jokkondiral makko e Aminu joofi, Umma dogi fayti [[Gana]] tan.<ref name=":119">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 67–68 <ref name=":315">{{Citation|last1=Salau|first1=Mohammed Bashir|title=Aminu Kano|date=2024-01-30|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-590|access-date=2024-02-17|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.590|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|last2=Oluokun|first2=Oyedele|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Debbo ɗiɗaɓo Aminu ko Hasia, ummoriiɗo e galle laamɗo to [[Bauchi]]. Neene makko ɓadtii baaba Aminu e innde makko, o jaɓi eɓɓoore ndee. Aminu anndi ɗum nde o timmini jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaduna, o arti Kano ko juuti. Caggal ɗuum, kanko e Hasia ɓe ngummii Bauchi ngam golle makko jannginde. E sahaa dewgal maɓɓe, Hasia ina famɗi, alaa jaŋde toownde. Aminu ƴetti e hoore mum ngam jannginde mo e Quraan, e binndol Engele (janngude, winndude, e hiisa), e cellal ɓalli.<ref name=":118">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 68–69 O renndini kadi ganndal makko e jannginde rewɓe woɗɓe wonɓe e sara makko.<ref name=":117">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 76 infeleed, ''During marriage'' maɓɓe mbaawka makko jibinde ɓiɓɓe. E hitaande 1948, o jibini kono caggal mum o ruttii.<ref name=":116">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 109 Nde Aminu woppi jaŋde e hitaande 1950, o naati politik, ɓe ngummii Kano. Golle makko politik ɗee ngaddaani waktuuji seeɗa e Hasia, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina woɗɗi. O hoɗi ko e galle galle Aminu to Sudawa kono caggal ɗuum o arti e galle yumma makko caggal nde o luurdi e yumma makko jom suudu Aminu. Jaɓde hootde, dewgal maɓɓe joofi. Aminu yuɓɓini Hasia golloraade e nder safrirde jibinannde, golle ɗe o joginoo haa ko famɗi fof e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970. Dewgal maɓɓe fof e joofde, Aminu e Hasia ina keddii e nanondiral moƴƴal. O tawtoraama dewgal makko e hitaande 1969, hitaande caggal ɗuum, o walli mo e hijjoore makko to Makka<ref name=":115">{{Cite book|last=Feinstein|first=Alan|url=http://archive.org/details/africanrevolutio0000fein|title=African revolutionary; the life and times of Nigeria's Aminu Kano|date=1973|publisher=[New York] Quadrangle|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8129-0321-8}}</ref>: 68–69, 181 === Gooɗo === [[Chinua Achebe]], winndiyanke [[Naajeeriya]] mawɗo, gollodiiɗo PRP e Aminu, siftinii mo wonde "seniiɗo e mbayliigu". O ɓeydi heen wonde :<ref>{{Cite book|last=Achebe|first=Chinua|url=http://archive.org/details/imageofafricatro0000ache|title=An image of Africa; and the trouble with Nigeria|date=2010|publisher=London : Penguin|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-14-119258-1}}</ref> ...so Aminu Kano yiytii wonde o naatii e fedde tooñooɓe o woppataa darnde makko ko yaawi e peeñcu, o waɗa hare e hoore makko!<ref>{{Cite book|last=Huxley|first=Elspeth|url=http://archive.org/details/fourguineas0000huxl|title=Four Guineas: A Journey Through West Africa|date=1954|publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]]|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>: 86 Jaayndiyanke e daartoowo Angalteer biyeteeɗo Basil Davidson, mo Aminu sifotoo ko sehil mum, siftini Aminu ko « jannginoowo, murtuɗo, kulɓiniiɗo-politik, e dowla-parlemaa ». E ɓeydude heen sifaa Davidson, Aminu siftinii hoore mum e nder konngol mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero e hitaande 1982, wonde « ko o neɗɗo demokaraasiyanke, baawɗo ɓamtude neɗɗaagu e ƴellitde ndimaagu rewɓe ». e nder deftere makko 1954 « Gineeji nay : Jaɓɓal e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange », o siftinii Aminu wonde « Cassius gorko, ɓuuɓɗo, ɓuuɓɗo, ganndo Engele, ɓernde mum ko ƴiye, ɗemngal mum ko fijirde ». O siftini mo kadi ko "demagog--ɗemngal taƴngal, fanatik".<ref name=":302">{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 254–255 Aminu ina anndaa no feewi e nguurndam mum ɓuuɓɗam.[113] Fuu e darnde maako ministaajo les Gowon, o ɗonno jogga hoore maako bee "ndema tokoosa" e dokke wakkati feere diga soobiraaɓe maako.<ref name=":30">{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=http://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag|title=Shehu Shagari : Beckoned To Serve : an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria : Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|author-link=Shehu Shagari}}</ref>: 73 Ganndal Aminu e [[Islaam]] addani mo innde Mallam (innde nde worɓe jannguɓe keɓata e nder Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]]). O woniino karallo e sariyaaji [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] e tafsiir, omo waɗa jeewte keewɗe e dow ɗeen geɗe, haa teeŋti noon e wuro [[Kano]].<ref name=":172">{{Cite journal|editor-last=Wakili|editor-first=Haruna|title=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|url=https://www.academia.edu/38919731|journal=The Social and Political Thoughts of Malam Aminu Kano|date=January 2019|publisher=Mambayya House, Centre for Democratic Studies, Bayero University|publication-place=[[Kano, Nigeria]]}}</ref>: 51 Firooji makko Qur’aana ɓuri teeŋtude ko e doosɗe [[lislaam]] jowitiiɗe e nuunɗal, nafoore jaŋde e nder [[Lislaamu|Lislaam]], e wallitde deftere juulɓe ndee. Kerecee’en, e Yahuudu’en.<ref name=":148">{{Cite book|last=Paden|first=John N.|url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicenterprise00ligh|title=Religion and political culture in Kano|date=1973|publisher=Berkeley, University of California Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-520-01738-2}}</ref>: 299-305 == Ƴeew kadi == Dental ɓamtaare Elemenji Fuɗnaange Lannda rimɗinde yimɓe [[Saadu Zungur]] Bayyinaango Sawaba == Tuugnorgal == 1tpa2wczpzowy71v38cqatz7cb90u43 0 9576 177960 48573 2026-07-05T09:02:06Z Minorax 5987 177960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Maduka Onyishi''' jibinaa ko to Nsukka, e nder diiwaan Enugu, e lewru noowammbar 1963, o woni ko e njulaagu ummoraade e leydi Enugu. Sabu majjugol baaba makko e hitaande makko adannde e duɗal hakkundeewal, ko huunde nde addani mo jogaade darnde pseudo-breadwinner e nder galle makko tawi ko yumma makko jom suudu makko e banndiraaɓe makko.[1] Dr. Sam Onyishi, bana no o ɓuri wi'eede, o janngi haa janngirde lesdi Enugu Road, Nsukka diga hitaande 1971 haa 1976 nden o nasti haa janngirde Bubendorf, Adazi, haa lesdi Anambra hannde.[2] O miijoyii ƴettude seedantaagal makko, nde tawnoo jaŋde wayi ko no alaa ko firti ndeen so en ƴeewii goonga makko. Kono kawral e banndiraaɓe makko mo duuɓi 2 les mum e nder duɗal leslesal duuɓi seeɗa caggal ɗuum ina addana mo waylude miijo makko e jaŋde, o arti e duɗal caggal nguurndam makko.[1] O heɓi jaɓɓugo ngam waɗugo taskaram Diploma haa Jaami'aare Naajeeriya, Nsukka, hakkunde 1993 – 1996 e ɓaawo man, taskaram dipolomaaji diga 1996 – 1999. O heɓi dipolomaaji ɗiɗaɓiri dow kuuɗe rento e ɓamtaare rento. Caggal ɗuum o heɓi Masters e nder njuɓɓudi njulaagu (MBA) e nder njuɓɓudi njulaagu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde miijo e jaŋde waylude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Arizona, Phoenix, to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik.[3] == Kugal == Ko e nder dumunna jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, e hitaande 1994, sosɗo sosiyeteeji Peace Group, fuɗɗii golle mum e yah-ngartaa e otooji 2 tawi hannde ina yahra e fotde 4 000 oto.[4] E hitaande 2019 May & Baker Nigeria Plc toɗɗiima Dr. O toɗɗaa ko e batu kuuɓtodinngu sosiyetee oo (AGM) 2019. Ko adii toɗɗagol ngol, o wasiyiima kadi e yiilirde May & Baker ngam suɓaade hooreejo sosiyatee oo. Ñalnde 4 lewru Yarkomaa 2020, guwerneer Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi lelni njuɓɓudi jaaɓi-haaɗtirde njulaagu, jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Samuel Maduka, Agu-Ekwegbe e nder nokku laamu Igbo Etiti e nder diiwaan Enugu mo hooreejo gollordu sosiyetee jolngo jam (PMT), Dr .[5] Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Maduka to Enugu, leydi Naajeeriya, heɓi yamiroore mum gollorde to NUC ñalnde 9 lewru juko hitaande 2023, ɗum waɗi laawol ngam naatgol fuɗɗoraade e lewru suwee.[6] Ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 2021, O ƴetti geɗal Actis e nder C&I Leasing rewrude e sosiyetee makko Peace Mass Transit ngam jogaade geɗal ɓurngal heewde[7] fotde 55,82% e geɗal sosiyetee oo == Caahu == E nder darnde makko e ƴellitaare renndo walla ko won heen mbiyata ko e darnde makko e nder renndo ngo o jibinaa, e hitaande 2018, o wallitorii mahngo laawol 1,6 km e nder wuro makko, Amaukwa, Nsukka, ngo woɗɗaani ummoraade e Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, Nsukka. udditgol laawol ngol tawtoraama hooreejo leydi ndi, Hon.Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi, e ndeen cukko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, Nsukka, porfeseer Benjamin Chukwuma Ozumba.[8][9] Ko kanko woni sosɗo fedde nde Samuel Maduka Onyishi (SAMOAEF), fedde nde e nder woɗɓe, ina rokka bursiiji hitaande kala ko ɓuri 150 janngoowo ummoriiɗo e duɗe ceertuɗe e nder leydi Najeriya.[10] == Tuugnorgal == "Samuwel onishi". Top 10. Ƴeewtaa ko 11-02-2020. "Onyishi... gila e gardiiɗo otooji haa e gardiiɗo jolngo". gardiiɗo.ng. 6 lewru Yarkomaa 2019. Ƴeewtaa ko 11-02-2020. Famuyiwa, Damilare (27-03-2019). "May & Baker Naajeeriya Plc heɓi hooreejo keso". Nairametrik. Keɓtinaa ko 11-02-2020. deoraclesit, Winndiyanke (2017-09-10). "Taariiha Samuel Maduka Onyishi, hooreejo huɗo ngam jam, mo William A. Ikiabo waɗi". BINAEBI MIIDERI OYEGHE. Ƴeewtaa ko 11-02-2020. {{cift web}}: |arannde= ina jogii innde huuɓtodinnde (ballal) "Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Samuel Maduka Aqu-Ekwegbe fuɗɗiima". 30-01-2020. Keɓtinaa ko 11-02-2020. "Kursuuji ɗi ndokketee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maduka". duɗal.com.ng. Keɓtinaa ko 11-02-2020. Ajayi, Omokolade (2021-01-07). "Actis yalti e njulaagu C&I Leasing caggal nde yeeyi njulaagu e jam". Nairametrik. Ƴeewtaa ko 2021-01-08. "Hoɗɓe e Nsukka ina njetta hooreejo fedde Peace Mass Transit ngam mahngo laawol ngol". Kabaaru Vanguard. 27-2018. Ƴeewtaa ko 11-02-2020. Uzodinma, Emanuel (24 lewru nduu). "Gov. Ugwuanyi weltini hooreejo jam, Onyishi dow laawol kesol, kuugal hoɗɓe feere". Ñalnde kala Post Naajeeriya. Keɓtinaa ko 11-02-2020. "Fooyre njulaagu Afrik (SAMOAEF) 2013 bursiiji jaŋde leslesre". duɗal am.ng. Ƴeewtaa ko 11-02-2020. Amodeni, Adunni (2019-09-16). "Samuwel Maduka Onyishi: Ƴellitaare sehilaagal hakkunde Siin e Niiseer". Legit.ng - Humpito leydi Naajeeriya. Keɓtinaa ko 11-02-2020. "Ngam wartirde N2.2 billion ceede ko boni haa banki, hooreejo Peace Mass Transit heɓi ceede ngam nuunɗal kuugal". 22-11-2019. Keɓtinaa ko 11-02-2020. "Ardiiɓe Igbo njaɓaani dow ballal Jonathan". Issuu. Ƴeewtaa ko 11-02-2020. "Teddungal lesdi: Tawi heɓugo ceede ngam majjugo ceede, wi'i Jonathan - Premium Times Naajeeriya". 17-09-2012. Ƴeewtaa ko 11-02-2020.'' 2rx9dtp52fdhlqoxhyxubn1v7h331mw 0 11379 177963 48385 2026-07-05T09:02:31Z Minorax 5987 177963 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aisha Abd al-Rahman''' (aarabeere: عائشة عبد الرحمن ; 18 Noowammbar 1913 – 1 Duujal 1998) (ʻĀʾishah ʻAbd al-Raḥman) ko binndoowo, bayyinoowo, jannginoowo binndol, bayyinoowo binndol, bayyinoowo binndol e innde binndol Daṭ al- daande maayo] (بِنت ٱلشّاطِئ). Nguurndam e golle O jibinaa ko ñalnde 18 noowammbar 1913 to Damietta e nder guwerneer Domyat, to leydi Ejipt,[1] ɗo baaba makko jannginnoo to duɗal diine Domyat. Nde o heɓi duuɓi sappo, yumma makko, hay so tawii o janngaani, winnditii mo e duɗal, tawi baaba makko ina yaha. Hay so baaba makko saliima, caggal ɗuum yumma makko neldi Aisha to El Mansurah ngam ɓeydaade jaŋde. Caggal ɗuum, Aisha janngi ɗemngal Arab to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kayhayɗi, o heɓi dipolom makko lesleso e hitaande 1939, e dipolom M.A. e hitaande 1941. E hitaande 1942, Aisha fuɗɗii golle Inspekteer janngingol binndol aarabeeɓe to ministeer jaŋde leydi Ejipt. O heɓi doktoraa makko e hitaande 1950, o toɗɗaa porfeseer binndol aarabeeɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde rewɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ain Shams.[2] O winndi fiction e nguurndam rewɓe juulɓe adanɓe e kadi binndol.[3] Ko kanko woni debbo ɗiɗmo hannde oo, ƴettuɗo firo Qur’aana. O ƴeewtaaki hoore makko wonde debbo, kono golle makko ina kollita wonde winndooɓe rewɓe ɓuri waawde yuurnitaade daartol nguurndam rewɓe ɓuri winndooɓe worɓe, sibu worɓe ɓee "ina nganndi innde rewɓe".[4] E nder nguurndam makko, ʻĀʾishah ʻAbd al-Raḥman ina anndiraa golle makko, ɗe o heɓi njeenaaje keewɗe. E hitaande 1987, o heɓi njeenaari Dowla (Award) ummoraade e laamu Misra. E hitaande 1994, o woniino ƴamoowo-e wondude e Widād Al-Qāḍī- njeenaari hakkunde leyɗeele laamɗo Faisal ngam binndol aarabeeɓe.[5] O resi ko Sheek Amin el-Khouli, jannginoowo makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kayhayɗi e duuɓi makko leslese. O maayi ko e rafi ɓernde caggal nde o heɓi mboros o to Kayhayɗi.[6] O rokki defterdu makko fof ngam wiɗtooji, e hitaande 1985, nate mahiraa ngam teddinde mo to Kayhayɗi. jdaalhicd0mes9m2031t3tn97m6t84f 0 11486 177961 48592 2026-07-05T09:02:22Z Minorax 5987 177961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammadu Inuwa''' MBE, wonnoo ko Emiir Kano, o lomtii Emiir Muhammadu Sanusi mo woppi laamu e hitaande 1963. Emiir Muhammadu Inuwa lomtii ko Emiir Ado Bayero ɓiɗɗo mawniiko e gorko makko.[1] Ngendam Inuwa jibinaa ko e hitaande c. 1904 to galle Muhammadu Abbaas, gonnooɗo e oon sahaa Emiir Kano. Baaba makko maayi ko omo yahra e duuɓi sappo e joyi, caggal ɗuum o waɗtaa e juuɗe miñiiko Abdullahi Bayero. Nde Bayero heɓi jappeere Emiir e hitaande 1926, o toɗɗii Inuwa Turakin Kano, o waɗti ɗum Gardiiɗo Diiwaan Ungogo. O woni hooreejo diiwaan Minjibir e hitaande 1932. E hitaande 1939, o lomtii miñiiko Abdulkaadir dan Abbas e Galadima Kano, o toɗɗaa gardiiɗo diiwaan Dawakin Kudu. Inuwa ina wondi e diine Tijaaniya Sheek Yahya b. Muhamad Naffakh e o hiisetee ko dewondirɗo e nder sehilaaɓe makko e muñɗo.[2] E hitaande 1944, o woniino diisneteeɗo e nder laamu leydi Kano, tuggi 1952 haa 1963, o woniino tergal Asaambele diiwaan Fuɗnaange. O yahri ko e duuɓi nde o wonti Emiir Kano e hitaande 1963, Muhammadu Inuwa lomtii ɓiyiiko gorko biyeteeɗo Sanusi e lewru abriil 1963, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ngoni ko e haɓaade jappeere emir e hitaande 1953. O laamiima lebbi tati tan hade makko maayde. Tuugnorgal alg406gcvgk95h7269wdbn3tm6yo0qt 0 11490 177962 48602 2026-07-05T09:02:27Z Minorax 5987 177962 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Tukur''' woldeN wonnoo ko Emiir Kano, diiwaan wonɗo hannde to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Tukur ardii Kano wakkati Bassasa, wakkati wolde nder leydi nde yi'i yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗaɓɓooɓe jappeere Kanoan.[1] Nguurndam adanɗam Tukur wontii Galadima Kano e laamu baaba mum Mohammed Bello. E nder njillu 1890, konu Tukur yani e koloñaal Kebbi murtuɗo to Arugungu, ina wayi no e nder njillu nguu hisni Nguurndam Kaliifa e oon sahaa, Sultan Abdurrahmaan (Danyen Kasko).[2] E hitaande 1893, caggal maayde Emiir Muhammadu Bello seeɗa, Sultan Abdurrahmaan toɗɗii Tukur emir Kano keso. Ko famɗi fof, fedde suudu Dabo e gardagol Yusuf Bin Abdullaahi Maje Karofi, ummii, ummii Kano fayde Takai.[3] Basasa E fuɗɗoode Basasa ko ɓuri heewde e Ñaawirde Kanoan ko lolluɓe e Tukur, The Madaki, Ibraahiima Mallam ; Makaman Kano Iliyasu; Sarkin Bai, Bashari Alhaji; Alkali, modibo saalihu; Sarkin Gaya, Ibraahiima Dabo e Sarkin Fulanin Dambatta ngoni ɓalli makko ɓurnooɗi tiiɗde.[1] Chiromaaji Kano, Turaki Zaki e Dambatta fulɓe sarkin en ngoni adinooɓe haɓde e murtuɓe to Gano caggal ɗuum Gogel e Garko. Hay so tawii ɓe keɓii warde yusuf e wolde Gaya, darnde maɓɓe fof ngam haɗde murto ngoo, ko meere, e lewru ut 1894, murtuɓe ɓee e gardagol Aliyu Mai Sango (Emir maɓɓe keso) keɓti forso Kano. o6d9cm48mxa23p3ddk6kb9ggoihdevq 10 36830 177959 154019 2026-07-05T09:01:22Z Minorax 5987 177959 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="border: 1px solid #ccc; float: right; padding: 0.2em; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;min-width:240px; max-width:40%;" ! style="background-color: {{{color|#e7dcc3}}};" colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:large;">'''{{{name}}}'''</span> |----- colspan="2"<noinclude>[[Category:Infobox Templates]]</noinclude> 9lo9ygk8re2soza7jjsrbqd1bi1conv 0 42647 177964 177934 2026-07-05T11:30:20Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 Created by translating the section "Colonial service" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355967840|Bernard Henry Bourdillon]]" 177964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Bernard Henri Burdiyon''' GCMG KBE (1883-1948) ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, wonnoo ko guwerneer [[Ugannda|Uganndaa]] (1932-1935) e [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] (1935-1943). == Duuɓi gadani == Bourdillon jibinaa ko ñalnde 3 desaambar 1883 to Burnie, to Tasmani, jibnaaɓe mum ko Engele en. Hay so o jibinaa ko to Tasmani, o wiyi omo jogori wonde « Engele, wonaa Ostarali ». <ref name="Meredith" /> O mawni ko to Angalteer e Afrik worgo, o janngi to duɗal Tonbridge to Tonbridge, Kent . O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St John, Oxford, o heɓi bak makko e hitaande 1906. E hitaande 1908, o naati e golle laamu leydi Indiya . <ref name="Bodley" /> O resi Violet Grace Billinghurst e lewru noowammbar 1909. <ref name="Meredith" /> E hitaande 1935, Violet siforaa ko « debbo guwerneer timmuɗo ». Ɓiɓɓe makko tato ɓee, hono Bernard Godwin Burdillon, Henri Townsend Burdillon e Patrik Imbert Burdillon njanngii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Korpus Christi, Oxford, kamɓe fof ɓe ndewi e baaba maɓɓe e nder golle koloñaal. Bernard Godwin Bourdillon, balloowo mawɗo jaagorɗe leydi Palestiin, waraa caggal ɗuum e bommbooji baɗnooɗi e otel King David e hitaande 1946. E hitaande 1913, Bourdillon toɗɗaa yo won gardiiɗo jaagorɗe laamu diiwanuuji dentuɗi ɗii. E hitaande 1915, o waɗtaa binnditoowo to Ñaawirde Toownde Allahabad. Nde o woni to leydi Inndo, o dañii innde ganndo ɗemɗe. E nder wolde adunaare adannde, Bourdillon naati konu, o woni Lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1917, o artiraa to Irak e hitaande 1918. O arti e darnde Major, e nder fitinaaji Iraak e hitaande 1919, o haalaama e nder binndanɗe. [[File:Baghdad_1923_Bell_Cornwallis_Eskell_Bourdillon.jpg|right|thumb|Foto tedduɓe Angalteer e Iraak to Bagdaad gila 1923 e jamaanu Iraak Mandatory . Gila ɗiɗaɓo nano haa nyaamo e doggol yeeso ngol, ko Kinahan Kornwalis, Sassoon Eskel, e Gertrude Bell . Bourdillon ina darii caggal Bell to bannge doggol ɗiɗaɓol.]] Bourdillon yalti konu e hitaande 1919 ngam naatde e njuɓɓudi siwil Iraak, o toɗɗaa Sekereteer politik to Komiseer Toowɗo Iraak e hitaande 1921. Tuggi 1924 haa 1929, o woni Konseye. Hakkunde 1925 e 1926, o woniino Komiseer mawɗo jogiiɗo doole guurɗe e nder kaaldigal nanondiral hakkunde Angalteer e Irak e hitaande 1926. == Sarwiis koloñaal == === Seylan === Bourdillon artiraa e Sarwiis Siwil Koloñaal e hitaande 1929 ngam ƴettude golle Sekereteer Koloñaal Ceylon, o woni e oon darnde haa hitaande 1932, o wonii laabi ɗiɗi guwerneer Ceylon . Nde o woni to leydi Ceylon, o wonii hooreejo fedde laamuyankoore Asiyankoore to Ceylon e hitaande 1931. O noddaama kadi to Maldives e hitaande 1931 ngam wasiyaade Sultan Muhammadu Shamsuddeen III e binndol doosgal leydi ndii gadanal binndaangal . O wasiyiima yo leydi ndi ardo diiso jaagorɗe, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, kono wasiyaaji makko njaɓaaka e goomu ƴettugol binnditagol ngol. === Uganndaa === E hitaande 1932, o waɗaa Guwerneer e Komaandaŋ mawɗo leydi Uganndaa. To leydi Uganndaa, Bourdillon wiyaama "heɓii safaara" nde tawnoo geɗe keewɗe ummiima nde o woni guwerneer ɗo o waawi waɗde kuule ɗe ko ɓuri heewde e Afriknaaɓe njiɗi. Heen sahaaji, luural waɗii hakkunde njulaagu aarabeeɓe to Kampala (kamɓe e koye maɓɓe ko eggooɓe ummoriiɓe leydi Angalteer to Aden) e jom en njulaagu Afriknaaɓe e nder renndo ngoo. Bourdillon ƴeewtii hujjaaji ɗii, o miijii wonde ko goonga, sibu jom en jawɗeele en aarabeeɓe ɓee mbaɗii golle bonɗe, tawi heen huunde ina luurdi e sariyaaji Protektorat Uganndaa . E ko nanndi heen, o laamiima e fawaade e depasuuji Afrik. E sahaa goɗɗo o ɓadtiima ardiiɓe Laamu Tooro, ɓe mbiyi wonde wuyɓe belsik ina taƴa leydi Konngo Belsik tawa ko e dow laawol, ina njiyloo jawdi e dow leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e Laamu Tooro. Bourdillon ƴeewtindiima haala kaa, yamiri Askari yo ƴeewndo keeri ngam nanngude wuyɓe ɓee. Caggal ɗuum, wuyɓe ɓee nanngaa, laamuuji Angalteer nanngi ɗum en kasoo, hay so tawii ko Oropnaaɓe. Heen sahaa goɗɗo, belsiknaajo gooto hoɗnooɗo to Entebbe, tuumaama fiyde gollotooɓe mum afriknaaɓe. Bourdillon noddi seedeeji, ina heen gollotooɓe gorko belsiknaajo woɗɓe ɓee. Caggal nde o nani hujjaaji ɗii fof, gorko belsiknaajo oo waɗtaa yoɓde njoɓdi, caggal ɗuum o riiwaa e nder leydi Uganndaa, o artiraa e leydi Konngo belsik. E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi fof, Bourdillon ina wondi e Afriknaaɓe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii e Oropnaaɓe, o huutoriima nokku makko e nder njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal ngam ƴellitde kuule ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiɗi e Oropnaaɓe. Ɗumɗoo ina teskaa nde tawnoo ina famɗi no feewi e nder Afrik koloñaal. Wonno ko laabi njoɓdi mahaaɗi rewrude e leydi leñol Lango e nder caka protektoraat. Lango heewɓe ngulliima e ɗeen laabi njoɓdi. Caggal nde "Komisiyoŋ diiwaan gooto hirjini ɓe ngam ɗaɓɓude guwerneer oo e wullitaango maɓɓe", fedde yimɓe Lango hawri e ɗaɓɓaande ngam humpitaade ko waɗi ɓe njiɗaa laabi tolnooji ɗii, ɓe njiɗi ko yo tolnooji ɗii ittu. Teemedde Langooji ciifi ɗaɓɓaande ndee. Komiseriyaa diiwaan oo walli ɓe addude ɗaɓɓaande maɓɓe to Bourdillon. Caggal nde o ƴeewti ɗaɓɓaande ndee, o haaldii e DC e ardiiɓe Lango ɓe DC addi e makko ɓee fof, Bourdillon yamiri yo tolnooji ɗii ƴette ɗoon e ɗoon. Joɗnde ndee fof waɗii waktuuji ɗiɗi tan, gartugol DC e ardiiɓe Lango to diiwaan mo Lango ɓuri heewde e mum en to caka protektoraat oo, ko "nafoore". [1] [2] == Tuugnorgal == == Colonial service == === Ceylon === Bourdillon jaɓɓii to Dowla leydi leydi leydi leydi ndii nder 1929 ngam o jaɓɓina golle mawɗo leydi Ceylon, o waɗi golle ɗee haa 1932 e ɗiɗi o golli hooreejo leydi Ceylons. Nde o wonnoo nder Ceylon, o waɗi hooreejo Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society nder 1931. O ɗon nodda to Maldives nder 1931 ngam hokki Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen III ha nder haɓɓugo leydi ndii fuɗnaande nde windaa. O holli leydi ndii haani wonde ko e hooreejo leydi, kono ko e dowla makko, o jaɓaani. === Uganda === E hitaande 1932, o laamaama hooreejo leydi Uganda e hooreejo leydi. Nder Uganda, Bourdillon wi'i o "wurtini fota" ngam daliila feere feere fuɗɗi wakkati o jeyaa e laamu, to o waawi waɗugo hakkiiloji je je ɗon yiɗugo yimɓe Afrik. Wakkati go'oto, hawti hakkunde jaayndiyankooɓe Arabɓe nder Kampala (ko'en ɓe immireɓe diga lesdi Aden nder lesdi Biritaniya) e jaayndiyaaɓe Afrikɓe nder ummaatoore nden. Bourdillon ɗaɓɓiti daliila boo o yi'i ɗum goonga ngam yimɓe Arab'en ɓe ɗon mari kuuje ɗe ɓe ɗon kuuwa, feere nder ɗi ɗon haani e dille ɗe lesdi Uganda ɗon haani. Ngam maajum o waɗi kiita ngam ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa kuuje nder lesdi Afrika. Nder wakkati feere o haani hooreeɓe Laamu Tooro ɓe mbi'i ɓe haani ɓe haani belji'en ɓe haani haani diga Belji'en Congo e haani haandi dow lesdi to Tooro. Bourdillon ɗon ɗaɓɓita haala nden, o waɗi Askari'en ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon jaɓɓa nder hirsirde ngam ɓe mburtina ɓe. Ɓaawo ɗon mawɓe man ɓe ɗon haɓɓana ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon haɓɓa ngam ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗon ɓe ɓe ɗon ɓe nder suudu kurkutu, ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗo ɓe ɗon ɓe woni ɓe ɓe ɓe nder lesdi Europe. Nder wakkati feere, goɗɗo Beljiyanko'en nder Entebbe ɗon ceede ngam woppaago maccuɓe maako nder lesdi Afrika. Bourdillon noddi goɗɗum, hawti e go'o gollooɓe belji. Caggal nanki daliila fuu, beljiyankeejo on ɗon haɓa hokkugo mo boɗɗum, nden o ɗon wurtina diga lesdi Uganda to lesdi Beljiyan Congo. Nder haalaji ɗiɗawɗi ɗi ɗi ɗum wi'i, Bourdillon wari dow lesdi Afriknaaɓe ha dow Europe'en e huutori nokkuure maako nder laamu koloniyaal ngam waɗugo kiita dow Afriknaaɓe haa ɓe hawtoro Europe'en. Ɗuum waɗi ɗum ɓurɗo seɗɗa nder Afrik koloniyaal. Wonaa laawolji ɗi laatii nder lesdi Lango nder nder lesdi protectorate. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nganndi dow laawolji ɗi ɗon mari limce. "Ɓay ɓe ɗon "jiɓɓa ngam komiisaaru diiwaan ngam ɓe ƴaɓɓita gomnaaru ngam ɓe ɗon njanngina", yimɓe Lango ɓe kawti ngam ɓe ɗon faami daliila ɓe ngalaa laawolji ɗi ɓe ɗon mari tolle e ɓe ngiɗi ɓe ƴaƴina tolle. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɓe dentuɗo petisyon. Komisaaru diiwaan walliɓe ɓe ɓe wurtina ɓe bo Bourdillon. Caggal nde boodi petisiyon nden haalanki bee hooreejo DC e hooreejo Lango ɓe DC wari to maako, Bourdillon umri boodi'en ɓe ɗon njaɓa. Kawtal ngal fuɗɗii sahaaji ɗiɗi tan, nden warugo hooreeɓe DC e Lango to leydi Lango nder fannu protectorate "footi". === Nigeria === E hitaande 1935, o waɗii hooreejo leydi Nigeria e hooreejo leydi, o jokki golle ɗee haa o hootiima laamu e hitaande 1943. Sir Bernard Bourdillon ɗon haɗi e laabi habaru nder siyasa koloniya, e ɗon ɓeyda heɓugo hakkiilo e jaɓugo yimɓe lesdi Nigeria. E 1 feebari 1938, o hawti e Movement Youth Nigeria ngam nanugo ko ɓe nganndi dow laawol ngol kawtal Kooko Pool Europe'en ɗon sakkindi gasa. Nde ɓe noddi mo ngam jaɓugo darnde gootol nder nder nder hawtaade o jaɓaayi, o wi'i o ɗon jaɓɓa darnde Afrik. Balɗe goɗɗe ɓaawo, Jaɓɓorgo Koloniyaal ngal anndini bandol jaɓɓorgo, ɓaawo nde poolgu ngal ummi. [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]'s West African Pilot be'i bo'o ngam Bourdillon. O tokki haa o haɓɓii e ardiiɓe hakkilantaaji lesdi Naajeeriya nder wakkati maako fuu. Bourdillon siforaama wonde « ina woɗɗi jamaanu mum » e geɗe njiyaagu. O meeɗii winndude wonde o "salii e ɓernde makko fof miijo ngo alaa ɗo haaɗi wonde won e leƴƴi ina ɓura woɗɓe" o wiyi "hono ɗeeɗoo haalaaji ngalaa daliilu e ganndal walla e diine kerecee en." E won e fannuuji ɗum addani mo luulndaade, o jokki e wallitde Afriknaaɓe e dañde laamu mum, e nder leydi Uganndaa e Nijeer fof o ƴettii darnde ngam ɓeydude naatgol Afriknaaɓe e laamu. ==firooji== == Colonial service == === Ceylon === Bourdillon jaɓɓii to Dowla leydi leydi leydi leydi ndii nder 1929 ngam o jaɓɓina golle mawɗo leydi Ceylon, o waɗi golle ɗee haa 1932 e ɗiɗi o golli hooreejo leydi Ceylons. Nde o wonnoo nder Ceylon, o waɗi hooreejo Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society nder 1931. O ɗon nodda to Maldives nder 1931 ngam hokki Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen III ha nder haɓɓugo leydi ndii fuɗnaande nde windaa. O holli leydi ndii haani wonde ko e hooreejo leydi, kono ko e dowla makko, o jaɓaani. === Uganda === E hitaande 1932, o laamaama hooreejo leydi Uganda e hooreejo leydi. Nder Uganda, Bourdillon wi'i o "wurtini fota" ngam daliila feere feere fuɗɗi wakkati o jeyaa e laamu, to o waawi waɗugo hakkiiloji je je ɗon yiɗugo yimɓe Afrik. Wakkati go'oto, hawti hakkunde jaayndiyankooɓe Arabɓe nder Kampala (ko'en ɓe immireɓe diga lesdi Aden nder lesdi Biritaniya) e jaayndiyaaɓe Afrikɓe nder ummaatoore nden. Bourdillon ɗaɓɓiti daliila boo o yi'i ɗum goonga ngam yimɓe Arab'en ɓe ɗon mari kuuje ɗe ɓe ɗon kuuwa, feere nder ɗi ɗon haani e dille ɗe lesdi Uganda ɗon haani. Ngam maajum o waɗi kiita ngam ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa kuuje nder lesdi Afrika. Nder wakkati feere o haani hooreeɓe Laamu Tooro ɓe mbi'i ɓe haani ɓe haani belji'en ɓe haani haani diga Belji'en Congo e haani haandi dow lesdi to Tooro. Bourdillon ɗon ɗaɓɓita haala nden, o waɗi Askari'en ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon jaɓɓa nder hirsirde ngam ɓe mburtina ɓe. Ɓaawo ɗon mawɓe man ɓe ɗon haɓɓana ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon haɓɓa ngam ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗon ɓe ɓe ɗon ɓe nder suudu kurkutu, ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗo ɓe ɗon ɓe woni ɓe ɓe ɓe nder lesdi Europe. Nder wakkati feere, goɗɗo Beljiyanko'en nder Entebbe ɗon ceede ngam woppaago maccuɓe maako nder lesdi Afrika. Bourdillon noddi goɗɗum, hawti e go'o gollooɓe belji. Caggal nanki daliila fuu, beljiyankeejo on ɗon haɓa hokkugo mo boɗɗum, nden o ɗon wurtina diga lesdi Uganda to lesdi Beljiyan Congo. Nder haalaji ɗiɗawɗi ɗi ɗi ɗum wi'i, Bourdillon wari dow lesdi Afriknaaɓe ha dow Europe'en e huutori nokkuure maako nder laamu koloniyaal ngam waɗugo kiita dow Afriknaaɓe haa ɓe hawtoro Europe'en. Ɗuum waɗi ɗum ɓurɗo seɗɗa nder Afrik koloniyaal. Wonaa laawolji ɗi laatii nder lesdi Lango nder nder lesdi protectorate. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nganndi dow laawolji ɗi ɗon mari limce. "Ɓay ɓe ɗon "jiɓɓa ngam komiisaaru diiwaan ngam ɓe ƴaɓɓita gomnaaru ngam ɓe ɗon njanngina", yimɓe Lango ɓe kawti ngam ɓe ɗon faami daliila ɓe ngalaa laawolji ɗi ɓe ɗon mari tolle e ɓe ngiɗi ɓe ƴaƴina tolle. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɓe dentuɗo petisyon. Komisaaru diiwaan walliɓe ɓe ɓe wurtina ɓe bo Bourdillon. Caggal nde boodi petisiyon nden haalanki bee hooreejo DC e hooreejo Lango ɓe DC wari to maako, Bourdillon umri boodi'en ɓe ɗon njaɓa. Kawtal ngal fuɗɗii sahaaji ɗiɗi tan, nden warugo hooreeɓe DC e Lango to leydi Lango nder fannu protectorate "footi". === Nigeria === E hitaande 1935, o waɗii hooreejo leydi Nigeria e hooreejo leydi, o jokki golle ɗee haa o hootiima laamu e hitaande 1943. Sir Bernard Bourdillon ɗon haɗi e laabi habaru nder siyasa koloniya, e ɗon ɓeyda heɓugo hakkiilo e jaɓugo yimɓe lesdi Nigeria. E 1 feebari 1938, o hawti e Movement Youth Nigeria ngam nanugo ko ɓe nganndi dow laawol ngol kawtal Kooko Pool Europe'en ɗon sakkindi gasa. Nde ɓe noddi mo ngam jaɓugo darnde gootol nder nder nder hawtaade o jaɓaayi, o wi'i o ɗon jaɓɓa darnde Afrik. Balɗe goɗɗe ɓaawo, Jaɓɓorgo Koloniyaal ngal anndini bandol jaɓɓorgo, ɓaawo nde poolgu ngal ummi. [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]'s West African Pilot be'i bo'o ngam Bourdillon. O tokki haa o haɓɓii e ardiiɓe hakkilantaaji lesdi Naajeeriya nder wakkati maako fuu. Bourdillon siforaama wonde « ina woɗɗi jamaanu mum » e geɗe njiyaagu. O meeɗii winndude wonde o "salii e ɓernde makko fof miijo ngo alaa ɗo haaɗi wonde won e leƴƴi ina ɓura woɗɓe" o wiyi "hono ɗeeɗoo haalaaji ngalaa daliilu e ganndal walla e diine kerecee en." E won e fannuuji ɗum addani mo luulndaade, o jokki e wallitde Afriknaaɓe e dañde laamu mum, e nder leydi Uganndaa e Nijeer fof o ƴettii darnde ngam ɓeydude naatgol Afriknaaɓe e laamu. ==firooji== == Colonial service == === Ceylon === Bourdillon jaɓɓii to Dowla leydi leydi leydi leydi ndii nder 1929 ngam o jaɓɓina golle mawɗo leydi Ceylon, o waɗi golle ɗee haa 1932 e ɗiɗi o golli hooreejo leydi Ceylons. Nde o wonnoo nder Ceylon, o waɗi hooreejo Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society nder 1931. O ɗon nodda to Maldives nder 1931 ngam hokki Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen III ha nder haɓɓugo leydi ndii fuɗnaande nde windaa. O holli leydi ndii haani wonde ko e hooreejo leydi, kono ko e dowla makko, o jaɓaani. === Uganda === E hitaande 1932, o laamaama hooreejo leydi Uganda e hooreejo leydi. Nder Uganda, Bourdillon wi'i o "wurtini fota" ngam daliila feere feere fuɗɗi wakkati o jeyaa e laamu, to o waawi waɗugo hakkiiloji je je ɗon yiɗugo yimɓe Afrik. Wakkati go'oto, hawti hakkunde jaayndiyankooɓe Arabɓe nder Kampala (ko'en ɓe immireɓe diga lesdi Aden nder lesdi Biritaniya) e jaayndiyaaɓe Afrikɓe nder ummaatoore nden. Bourdillon ɗaɓɓiti daliila boo o yi'i ɗum goonga ngam yimɓe Arab'en ɓe ɗon mari kuuje ɗe ɓe ɗon kuuwa, feere nder ɗi ɗon haani e dille ɗe lesdi Uganda ɗon haani. Ngam maajum o waɗi kiita ngam ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa kuuje nder lesdi Afrika. Nder wakkati feere o haani hooreeɓe Laamu Tooro ɓe mbi'i ɓe haani ɓe haani belji'en ɓe haani haani diga Belji'en Congo e haani haandi dow lesdi to Tooro. Bourdillon ɗon ɗaɓɓita haala nden, o waɗi Askari'en ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon jaɓɓa nder hirsirde ngam ɓe mburtina ɓe. Ɓaawo ɗon mawɓe man ɓe ɗon haɓɓana ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon haɓɓa ngam ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗon ɓe ɓe ɗon ɓe nder suudu kurkutu, ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗo ɓe ɗon ɓe woni ɓe ɓe ɓe nder lesdi Europe. Nder wakkati feere, goɗɗo Beljiyanko'en nder Entebbe ɗon ceede ngam woppaago maccuɓe maako nder lesdi Afrika. Bourdillon noddi goɗɗum, hawti e go'o gollooɓe belji. Caggal nanki daliila fuu, beljiyankeejo on ɗon haɓa hokkugo mo boɗɗum, nden o ɗon wurtina diga lesdi Uganda to lesdi Beljiyan Congo. Nder haalaji ɗiɗawɗi ɗi ɗi ɗum wi'i, Bourdillon wari dow lesdi Afriknaaɓe ha dow Europe'en e huutori nokkuure maako nder laamu koloniyaal ngam waɗugo kiita dow Afriknaaɓe haa ɓe hawtoro Europe'en. Ɗuum waɗi ɗum ɓurɗo seɗɗa nder Afrik koloniyaal. Wonaa laawolji ɗi laatii nder lesdi Lango nder nder lesdi protectorate. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nganndi dow laawolji ɗi ɗon mari limce. "Ɓay ɓe ɗon "jiɓɓa ngam komiisaaru diiwaan ngam ɓe ƴaɓɓita gomnaaru ngam ɓe ɗon njanngina", yimɓe Lango ɓe kawti ngam ɓe ɗon faami daliila ɓe ngalaa laawolji ɗi ɓe ɗon mari tolle e ɓe ngiɗi ɓe ƴaƴina tolle. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɓe dentuɗo petisyon. Komisaaru diiwaan walliɓe ɓe ɓe wurtina ɓe bo Bourdillon. Caggal nde boodi petisiyon nden haalanki bee hooreejo DC e hooreejo Lango ɓe DC wari to maako, Bourdillon umri boodi'en ɓe ɗon njaɓa. Kawtal ngal fuɗɗii sahaaji ɗiɗi tan, nden warugo hooreeɓe DC e Lango to leydi Lango nder fannu protectorate "footi". === Nigeria === E hitaande 1935, o waɗii hooreejo leydi Nigeria e hooreejo leydi, o jokki golle ɗee haa o hootiima laamu e hitaande 1943. Sir Bernard Bourdillon ɗon haɗi e laabi habaru nder siyasa koloniya, e ɗon ɓeyda heɓugo hakkiilo e jaɓugo yimɓe lesdi Nigeria. E 1 feebari 1938, o hawti e Movement Youth Nigeria ngam nanugo ko ɓe nganndi dow laawol ngol kawtal Kooko Pool Europe'en ɗon sakkindi gasa. Nde ɓe noddi mo ngam jaɓugo darnde gootol nder nder nder hawtaade o jaɓaayi, o wi'i o ɗon jaɓɓa darnde Afrik. Balɗe goɗɗe ɓaawo, Jaɓɓorgo Koloniyaal ngal anndini bandol jaɓɓorgo, ɓaawo nde poolgu ngal ummi. [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]'s West African Pilot be'i bo'o ngam Bourdillon. O tokki haa o haɓɓii e ardiiɓe hakkilantaaji lesdi Naajeeriya nder wakkati maako fuu. Bourdillon siforaama wonde « ina woɗɗi jamaanu mum » e geɗe njiyaagu. O meeɗii winndude wonde o "salii e ɓernde makko fof miijo ngo alaa ɗo haaɗi wonde won e leƴƴi ina ɓura woɗɓe" o wiyi "hono ɗeeɗoo haalaaji ngalaa daliilu e ganndal walla e diine kerecee en." E won e fannuuji ɗum addani mo luulndaade, o jokki e wallitde Afriknaaɓe e dañde laamu mum, e nder leydi Uganndaa e Nijeer fof o ƴettii darnde ngam ɓeydude naatgol Afriknaaɓe e laamu. oqwbc9rn43z5vxg5jj92ezqqxuaq4r7 177965 177964 2026-07-05T11:30:58Z Ibrahim abusufyan 12706 177965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Bernard Henri Burdiyon''' GCMG KBE (1883-1948) ko gardiiɗo koloñaal Angalteer, wonnoo ko guwerneer [[Ugannda|Uganndaa]] (1932-1935) e [[Naajeeriya|leydi Nijeer]] (1935-1943). == Duuɓi gadani == Bourdillon jibinaa ko ñalnde 3 desaambar 1883 to Burnie, to Tasmani, jibnaaɓe mum ko Engele en. Hay so o jibinaa ko to Tasmani, o wiyi omo jogori wonde « Engele, wonaa Ostarali ». <ref name="Meredith" /> O mawni ko to Angalteer e Afrik worgo, o janngi to duɗal Tonbridge to Tonbridge, Kent . O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St John, Oxford, o heɓi bak makko e hitaande 1906. E hitaande 1908, o naati e golle laamu leydi Indiya . <ref name="Bodley" /> O resi Violet Grace Billinghurst e lewru noowammbar 1909. <ref name="Meredith" /> E hitaande 1935, Violet siforaa ko « debbo guwerneer timmuɗo ». Ɓiɓɓe makko tato ɓee, hono Bernard Godwin Burdillon, Henri Townsend Burdillon e Patrik Imbert Burdillon njanngii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Korpus Christi, Oxford, kamɓe fof ɓe ndewi e baaba maɓɓe e nder golle koloñaal. Bernard Godwin Bourdillon, balloowo mawɗo jaagorɗe leydi Palestiin, waraa caggal ɗuum e bommbooji baɗnooɗi e otel King David e hitaande 1946. E hitaande 1913, Bourdillon toɗɗaa yo won gardiiɗo jaagorɗe laamu diiwanuuji dentuɗi ɗii. E hitaande 1915, o waɗtaa binnditoowo to Ñaawirde Toownde Allahabad. Nde o woni to leydi Inndo, o dañii innde ganndo ɗemɗe. E nder wolde adunaare adannde, Bourdillon naati konu, o woni Lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1917, o artiraa to Irak e hitaande 1918. O arti e darnde Major, e nder fitinaaji Iraak e hitaande 1919, o haalaama e nder binndanɗe. [[File:Baghdad_1923_Bell_Cornwallis_Eskell_Bourdillon.jpg|right|thumb|Foto tedduɓe Angalteer e Iraak to Bagdaad gila 1923 e jamaanu Iraak Mandatory . Gila ɗiɗaɓo nano haa nyaamo e doggol yeeso ngol, ko Kinahan Kornwalis, Sassoon Eskel, e Gertrude Bell . Bourdillon ina darii caggal Bell to bannge doggol ɗiɗaɓol.]] Bourdillon yalti konu e hitaande 1919 ngam naatde e njuɓɓudi siwil Iraak, o toɗɗaa Sekereteer politik to Komiseer Toowɗo Iraak e hitaande 1921. Tuggi 1924 haa 1929, o woni Konseye. Hakkunde 1925 e 1926, o woniino Komiseer mawɗo jogiiɗo doole guurɗe e nder kaaldigal nanondiral hakkunde Angalteer e Irak e hitaande 1926. == Sarwiis koloñaal == === Seylan === Bourdillon artiraa e Sarwiis Siwil Koloñaal e hitaande 1929 ngam ƴettude golle Sekereteer Koloñaal Ceylon, o woni e oon darnde haa hitaande 1932, o wonii laabi ɗiɗi guwerneer Ceylon . Nde o woni to leydi Ceylon, o wonii hooreejo fedde laamuyankoore Asiyankoore to Ceylon e hitaande 1931. O noddaama kadi to Maldives e hitaande 1931 ngam wasiyaade Sultan Muhammadu Shamsuddeen III e binndol doosgal leydi ndii gadanal binndaangal . O wasiyiima yo leydi ndi ardo diiso jaagorɗe, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, kono wasiyaaji makko njaɓaaka e goomu ƴettugol binnditagol ngol. === Uganndaa === E hitaande 1932, o waɗaa Guwerneer e Komaandaŋ mawɗo leydi Uganndaa. To leydi Uganndaa, Bourdillon wiyaama "heɓii safaara" nde tawnoo geɗe keewɗe ummiima nde o woni guwerneer ɗo o waawi waɗde kuule ɗe ko ɓuri heewde e Afriknaaɓe njiɗi. Heen sahaaji, luural waɗii hakkunde njulaagu aarabeeɓe to Kampala (kamɓe e koye maɓɓe ko eggooɓe ummoriiɓe leydi Angalteer to Aden) e jom en njulaagu Afriknaaɓe e nder renndo ngoo. Bourdillon ƴeewtii hujjaaji ɗii, o miijii wonde ko goonga, sibu jom en jawɗeele en aarabeeɓe ɓee mbaɗii golle bonɗe, tawi heen huunde ina luurdi e sariyaaji Protektorat Uganndaa . E ko nanndi heen, o laamiima e fawaade e depasuuji Afrik. E sahaa goɗɗo o ɓadtiima ardiiɓe Laamu Tooro, ɓe mbiyi wonde wuyɓe belsik ina taƴa leydi Konngo Belsik tawa ko e dow laawol, ina njiyloo jawdi e dow leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e Laamu Tooro. Bourdillon ƴeewtindiima haala kaa, yamiri Askari yo ƴeewndo keeri ngam nanngude wuyɓe ɓee. Caggal ɗuum, wuyɓe ɓee nanngaa, laamuuji Angalteer nanngi ɗum en kasoo, hay so tawii ko Oropnaaɓe. Heen sahaa goɗɗo, belsiknaajo gooto hoɗnooɗo to Entebbe, tuumaama fiyde gollotooɓe mum afriknaaɓe. Bourdillon noddi seedeeji, ina heen gollotooɓe gorko belsiknaajo woɗɓe ɓee. Caggal nde o nani hujjaaji ɗii fof, gorko belsiknaajo oo waɗtaa yoɓde njoɓdi, caggal ɗuum o riiwaa e nder leydi Uganndaa, o artiraa e leydi Konngo belsik. E nder ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi fof, Bourdillon ina wondi e Afriknaaɓe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii e Oropnaaɓe, o huutoriima nokku makko e nder njuɓɓudi laamu koloñaal ngam ƴellitde kuule ɗe Afriknaaɓe njiɗi e Oropnaaɓe. Ɗumɗoo ina teskaa nde tawnoo ina famɗi no feewi e nder Afrik koloñaal. Wonno ko laabi njoɓdi mahaaɗi rewrude e leydi leñol Lango e nder caka protektoraat. Lango heewɓe ngulliima e ɗeen laabi njoɓdi. Caggal nde "Komisiyoŋ diiwaan gooto hirjini ɓe ngam ɗaɓɓude guwerneer oo e wullitaango maɓɓe", fedde yimɓe Lango hawri e ɗaɓɓaande ngam humpitaade ko waɗi ɓe njiɗaa laabi tolnooji ɗii, ɓe njiɗi ko yo tolnooji ɗii ittu. Teemedde Langooji ciifi ɗaɓɓaande ndee. Komiseriyaa diiwaan oo walli ɓe addude ɗaɓɓaande maɓɓe to Bourdillon. Caggal nde o ƴeewti ɗaɓɓaande ndee, o haaldii e DC e ardiiɓe Lango ɓe DC addi e makko ɓee fof, Bourdillon yamiri yo tolnooji ɗii ƴette ɗoon e ɗoon. Joɗnde ndee fof waɗii waktuuji ɗiɗi tan, gartugol DC e ardiiɓe Lango to diiwaan mo Lango ɓuri heewde e mum en to caka protektoraat oo, ko "nafoore". [1] [2] == Tuugnorgal == == Colonial service == === Ceylon === Bourdillon jaɓɓii to Dowla leydi leydi leydi leydi ndii nder 1929 ngam o jaɓɓina golle mawɗo leydi Ceylon, o waɗi golle ɗee haa 1932 e ɗiɗi o golli hooreejo leydi Ceylons. Nde o wonnoo nder Ceylon, o waɗi hooreejo Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society nder 1931. O ɗon nodda to Maldives nder 1931 ngam hokki Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen III ha nder haɓɓugo leydi ndii fuɗnaande nde windaa. O holli leydi ndii haani wonde ko e hooreejo leydi, kono ko e dowla makko, o jaɓaani. === Uganda === E hitaande 1932, o laamaama hooreejo leydi Uganda e hooreejo leydi. Nder Uganda, Bourdillon wi'i o "wurtini fota" ngam daliila feere feere fuɗɗi wakkati o jeyaa e laamu, to o waawi waɗugo hakkiiloji je je ɗon yiɗugo yimɓe Afrik. Wakkati go'oto, hawti hakkunde jaayndiyankooɓe Arabɓe nder Kampala (ko'en ɓe immireɓe diga lesdi Aden nder lesdi Biritaniya) e jaayndiyaaɓe Afrikɓe nder ummaatoore nden. Bourdillon ɗaɓɓiti daliila boo o yi'i ɗum goonga ngam yimɓe Arab'en ɓe ɗon mari kuuje ɗe ɓe ɗon kuuwa, feere nder ɗi ɗon haani e dille ɗe lesdi Uganda ɗon haani. Ngam maajum o waɗi kiita ngam ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa kuuje nder lesdi Afrika. Nder wakkati feere o haani hooreeɓe Laamu Tooro ɓe mbi'i ɓe haani ɓe haani belji'en ɓe haani haani diga Belji'en Congo e haani haandi dow lesdi to Tooro. Bourdillon ɗon ɗaɓɓita haala nden, o waɗi Askari'en ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon jaɓɓa nder hirsirde ngam ɓe mburtina ɓe. Ɓaawo ɗon mawɓe man ɓe ɗon haɓɓana ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon haɓɓa ngam ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗon ɓe ɓe ɗon ɓe nder suudu kurkutu, ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗo ɓe ɗon ɓe woni ɓe ɓe ɓe nder lesdi Europe. Nder wakkati feere, goɗɗo Beljiyanko'en nder Entebbe ɗon ceede ngam woppaago maccuɓe maako nder lesdi Afrika. Bourdillon noddi goɗɗum, hawti e go'o gollooɓe belji. Caggal nanki daliila fuu, beljiyankeejo on ɗon haɓa hokkugo mo boɗɗum, nden o ɗon wurtina diga lesdi Uganda to lesdi Beljiyan Congo. Nder haalaji ɗiɗawɗi ɗi ɗi ɗum wi'i, Bourdillon wari dow lesdi Afriknaaɓe ha dow Europe'en e huutori nokkuure maako nder laamu koloniyaal ngam waɗugo kiita dow Afriknaaɓe haa ɓe hawtoro Europe'en. Ɗuum waɗi ɗum ɓurɗo seɗɗa nder Afrik koloniyaal. Wonaa laawolji ɗi laatii nder lesdi Lango nder nder lesdi protectorate. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nganndi dow laawolji ɗi ɗon mari limce. "Ɓay ɓe ɗon "jiɓɓa ngam komiisaaru diiwaan ngam ɓe ƴaɓɓita gomnaaru ngam ɓe ɗon njanngina", yimɓe Lango ɓe kawti ngam ɓe ɗon faami daliila ɓe ngalaa laawolji ɗi ɓe ɗon mari tolle e ɓe ngiɗi ɓe ƴaƴina tolle. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɓe dentuɗo petisyon. Komisaaru diiwaan walliɓe ɓe ɓe wurtina ɓe bo Bourdillon. Caggal nde boodi petisiyon nden haalanki bee hooreejo DC e hooreejo Lango ɓe DC wari to maako, Bourdillon umri boodi'en ɓe ɗon njaɓa. Kawtal ngal fuɗɗii sahaaji ɗiɗi tan, nden warugo hooreeɓe DC e Lango to leydi Lango nder fannu protectorate "footi". === Nigeria === E hitaande 1935, o waɗii hooreejo leydi Nigeria e hooreejo leydi, o jokki golle ɗee haa o hootiima laamu e hitaande 1943. Sir Bernard Bourdillon ɗon haɗi e laabi habaru nder siyasa koloniya, e ɗon ɓeyda heɓugo hakkiilo e jaɓugo yimɓe lesdi Nigeria. E 1 feebari 1938, o hawti e Movement Youth Nigeria ngam nanugo ko ɓe nganndi dow laawol ngol kawtal Kooko Pool Europe'en ɗon sakkindi gasa. Nde ɓe noddi mo ngam jaɓugo darnde gootol nder nder nder hawtaade o jaɓaayi, o wi'i o ɗon jaɓɓa darnde Afrik. Balɗe goɗɗe ɓaawo, Jaɓɓorgo Koloniyaal ngal anndini bandol jaɓɓorgo, ɓaawo nde poolgu ngal ummi. [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]'s West African Pilot be'i bo'o ngam Bourdillon. O tokki haa o haɓɓii e ardiiɓe hakkilantaaji lesdi Naajeeriya nder wakkati maako fuu. Bourdillon siforaama wonde « ina woɗɗi jamaanu mum » e geɗe njiyaagu. O meeɗii winndude wonde o "salii e ɓernde makko fof miijo ngo alaa ɗo haaɗi wonde won e leƴƴi ina ɓura woɗɓe" o wiyi "hono ɗeeɗoo haalaaji ngalaa daliilu e ganndal walla e diine kerecee en." E won e fannuuji ɗum addani mo luulndaade, o jokki e wallitde Afriknaaɓe e dañde laamu mum, e nder leydi Uganndaa e Nijeer fof o ƴettii darnde ngam ɓeydude naatgol Afriknaaɓe e laamu. ==firooji== == Colonial service == === Ceylon === Bourdillon jaɓɓii to Dowla leydi leydi leydi leydi ndii nder 1929 ngam o jaɓɓina golle mawɗo leydi Ceylon, o waɗi golle ɗee haa 1932 e ɗiɗi o golli hooreejo leydi Ceylons. Nde o wonnoo nder Ceylon, o waɗi hooreejo Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society nder 1931. O ɗon nodda to Maldives nder 1931 ngam hokki Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen III ha nder haɓɓugo leydi ndii fuɗnaande nde windaa. O holli leydi ndii haani wonde ko e hooreejo leydi, kono ko e dowla makko, o jaɓaani. === Uganda === E hitaande 1932, o laamaama hooreejo leydi Uganda e hooreejo leydi. Nder Uganda, Bourdillon wi'i o "wurtini fota" ngam daliila feere feere fuɗɗi wakkati o jeyaa e laamu, to o waawi waɗugo hakkiiloji je je ɗon yiɗugo yimɓe Afrik. Wakkati go'oto, hawti hakkunde jaayndiyankooɓe Arabɓe nder Kampala (ko'en ɓe immireɓe diga lesdi Aden nder lesdi Biritaniya) e jaayndiyaaɓe Afrikɓe nder ummaatoore nden. Bourdillon ɗaɓɓiti daliila boo o yi'i ɗum goonga ngam yimɓe Arab'en ɓe ɗon mari kuuje ɗe ɓe ɗon kuuwa, feere nder ɗi ɗon haani e dille ɗe lesdi Uganda ɗon haani. Ngam maajum o waɗi kiita ngam ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa kuuje nder lesdi Afrika. Nder wakkati feere o haani hooreeɓe Laamu Tooro ɓe mbi'i ɓe haani ɓe haani belji'en ɓe haani haani diga Belji'en Congo e haani haandi dow lesdi to Tooro. Bourdillon ɗon ɗaɓɓita haala nden, o waɗi Askari'en ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon jaɓɓa nder hirsirde ngam ɓe mburtina ɓe. Ɓaawo ɗon mawɓe man ɓe ɗon haɓɓana ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon haɓɓa ngam ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗon ɓe ɓe ɗon ɓe nder suudu kurkutu, ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗo ɓe ɗon ɓe woni ɓe ɓe ɓe nder lesdi Europe. Nder wakkati feere, goɗɗo Beljiyanko'en nder Entebbe ɗon ceede ngam woppaago maccuɓe maako nder lesdi Afrika. Bourdillon noddi goɗɗum, hawti e go'o gollooɓe belji. Caggal nanki daliila fuu, beljiyankeejo on ɗon haɓa hokkugo mo boɗɗum, nden o ɗon wurtina diga lesdi Uganda to lesdi Beljiyan Congo. Nder haalaji ɗiɗawɗi ɗi ɗi ɗum wi'i, Bourdillon wari dow lesdi Afriknaaɓe ha dow Europe'en e huutori nokkuure maako nder laamu koloniyaal ngam waɗugo kiita dow Afriknaaɓe haa ɓe hawtoro Europe'en. Ɗuum waɗi ɗum ɓurɗo seɗɗa nder Afrik koloniyaal. Wonaa laawolji ɗi laatii nder lesdi Lango nder nder lesdi protectorate. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nganndi dow laawolji ɗi ɗon mari limce. "Ɓay ɓe ɗon "jiɓɓa ngam komiisaaru diiwaan ngam ɓe ƴaɓɓita gomnaaru ngam ɓe ɗon njanngina", yimɓe Lango ɓe kawti ngam ɓe ɗon faami daliila ɓe ngalaa laawolji ɗi ɓe ɗon mari tolle e ɓe ngiɗi ɓe ƴaƴina tolle. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɓe dentuɗo petisyon. Komisaaru diiwaan walliɓe ɓe ɓe wurtina ɓe bo Bourdillon. Caggal nde boodi petisiyon nden haalanki bee hooreejo DC e hooreejo Lango ɓe DC wari to maako, Bourdillon umri boodi'en ɓe ɗon njaɓa. Kawtal ngal fuɗɗii sahaaji ɗiɗi tan, nden warugo hooreeɓe DC e Lango to leydi Lango nder fannu protectorate "footi". === Nigeria === E hitaande 1935, o waɗii hooreejo leydi Nigeria e hooreejo leydi, o jokki golle ɗee haa o hootiima laamu e hitaande 1943. Sir Bernard Bourdillon ɗon haɗi e laabi habaru nder siyasa koloniya, e ɗon ɓeyda heɓugo hakkiilo e jaɓugo yimɓe lesdi Nigeria. E 1 feebari 1938, o hawti e Movement Youth Nigeria ngam nanugo ko ɓe nganndi dow laawol ngol kawtal Kooko Pool Europe'en ɗon sakkindi gasa. Nde ɓe noddi mo ngam jaɓugo darnde gootol nder nder nder hawtaade o jaɓaayi, o wi'i o ɗon jaɓɓa darnde Afrik. Balɗe goɗɗe ɓaawo, Jaɓɓorgo Koloniyaal ngal anndini bandol jaɓɓorgo, ɓaawo nde poolgu ngal ummi. [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]'s West African Pilot be'i bo'o ngam Bourdillon. O tokki haa o haɓɓii e ardiiɓe hakkilantaaji lesdi Naajeeriya nder wakkati maako fuu. Bourdillon siforaama wonde « ina woɗɗi jamaanu mum » e geɗe njiyaagu. O meeɗii winndude wonde o "salii e ɓernde makko fof miijo ngo alaa ɗo haaɗi wonde won e leƴƴi ina ɓura woɗɓe" o wiyi "hono ɗeeɗoo haalaaji ngalaa daliilu e ganndal walla e diine kerecee en." E won e fannuuji ɗum addani mo luulndaade, o jokki e wallitde Afriknaaɓe e dañde laamu mum, e nder leydi Uganndaa e Nijeer fof o ƴettii darnde ngam ɓeydude naatgol Afriknaaɓe e laamu. ==firooji== == Colonial service == === Ceylon === Bourdillon jaɓɓii to Dowla leydi leydi leydi leydi ndii nder 1929 ngam o jaɓɓina golle mawɗo leydi Ceylon, o waɗi golle ɗee haa 1932 e ɗiɗi o golli hooreejo leydi Ceylons. Nde o wonnoo nder Ceylon, o waɗi hooreejo Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society nder 1931. O ɗon nodda to Maldives nder 1931 ngam hokki Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen III ha nder haɓɓugo leydi ndii fuɗnaande nde windaa. O holli leydi ndii haani wonde ko e hooreejo leydi, kono ko e dowla makko, o jaɓaani. === Uganda === E hitaande 1932, o laamaama hooreejo leydi Uganda e hooreejo leydi. Nder Uganda, Bourdillon wi'i o "wurtini fota" ngam daliila feere feere fuɗɗi wakkati o jeyaa e laamu, to o waawi waɗugo hakkiiloji je je ɗon yiɗugo yimɓe Afrik. Wakkati go'oto, hawti hakkunde jaayndiyankooɓe Arabɓe nder Kampala (ko'en ɓe immireɓe diga lesdi Aden nder lesdi Biritaniya) e jaayndiyaaɓe Afrikɓe nder ummaatoore nden. Bourdillon ɗaɓɓiti daliila boo o yi'i ɗum goonga ngam yimɓe Arab'en ɓe ɗon mari kuuje ɗe ɓe ɗon kuuwa, feere nder ɗi ɗon haani e dille ɗe lesdi Uganda ɗon haani. Ngam maajum o waɗi kiita ngam ɓe ɗon jaɓɓa kuuje nder lesdi Afrika. Nder wakkati feere o haani hooreeɓe Laamu Tooro ɓe mbi'i ɓe haani ɓe haani belji'en ɓe haani haani diga Belji'en Congo e haani haandi dow lesdi to Tooro. Bourdillon ɗon ɗaɓɓita haala nden, o waɗi Askari'en ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon jaɓɓa nder hirsirde ngam ɓe mburtina ɓe. Ɓaawo ɗon mawɓe man ɓe ɗon haɓɓana ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe ɗon haɓɓa ngam ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗon ɓe ɓe ɗon ɓe nder suudu kurkutu, ɓe ɗon ɓe ɗo ɓe ɗon ɓe woni ɓe ɓe ɓe nder lesdi Europe. Nder wakkati feere, goɗɗo Beljiyanko'en nder Entebbe ɗon ceede ngam woppaago maccuɓe maako nder lesdi Afrika. Bourdillon noddi goɗɗum, hawti e go'o gollooɓe belji. Caggal nanki daliila fuu, beljiyankeejo on ɗon haɓa hokkugo mo boɗɗum, nden o ɗon wurtina diga lesdi Uganda to lesdi Beljiyan Congo. Nder haalaji ɗiɗawɗi ɗi ɗi ɗum wi'i, Bourdillon wari dow lesdi Afriknaaɓe ha dow Europe'en e huutori nokkuure maako nder laamu koloniyaal ngam waɗugo kiita dow Afriknaaɓe haa ɓe hawtoro Europe'en. Ɗuum waɗi ɗum ɓurɗo seɗɗa nder Afrik koloniyaal. Wonaa laawolji ɗi laatii nder lesdi Lango nder nder lesdi protectorate. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nganndi dow laawolji ɗi ɗon mari limce. "Ɓay ɓe ɗon "jiɓɓa ngam komiisaaru diiwaan ngam ɓe ƴaɓɓita gomnaaru ngam ɓe ɗon njanngina", yimɓe Lango ɓe kawti ngam ɓe ɗon faami daliila ɓe ngalaa laawolji ɗi ɓe ɗon mari tolle e ɓe ngiɗi ɓe ƴaƴina tolle. Yimɓe Lango ɗuuɗɓe ɓe dentuɗo petisyon. Komisaaru diiwaan walliɓe ɓe ɓe wurtina ɓe bo Bourdillon. Caggal nde boodi petisiyon nden haalanki bee hooreejo DC e hooreejo Lango ɓe DC wari to maako, Bourdillon umri boodi'en ɓe ɗon njaɓa. Kawtal ngal fuɗɗii sahaaji ɗiɗi tan, nden warugo hooreeɓe DC e Lango to leydi Lango nder fannu protectorate "footi". === Nigeria === E hitaande 1935, o waɗii hooreejo leydi Nigeria e hooreejo leydi, o jokki golle ɗee haa o hootiima laamu e hitaande 1943. Sir Bernard Bourdillon ɗon haɗi e laabi habaru nder siyasa koloniya, e ɗon ɓeyda heɓugo hakkiilo e jaɓugo yimɓe lesdi Nigeria. E 1 feebari 1938, o hawti e Movement Youth Nigeria ngam nanugo ko ɓe nganndi dow laawol ngol kawtal Kooko Pool Europe'en ɗon sakkindi gasa. Nde ɓe noddi mo ngam jaɓugo darnde gootol nder nder nder hawtaade o jaɓaayi, o wi'i o ɗon jaɓɓa darnde Afrik. Balɗe goɗɗe ɓaawo, Jaɓɓorgo Koloniyaal ngal anndini bandol jaɓɓorgo, ɓaawo nde poolgu ngal ummi. [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]'s West African Pilot be'i bo'o ngam Bourdillon. O tokki haa o haɓɓii e ardiiɓe hakkilantaaji lesdi Naajeeriya nder wakkati maako fuu. Bourdillon siforaama wonde « ina woɗɗi jamaanu mum » e geɗe njiyaagu. O meeɗii winndude wonde o "salii e ɓernde makko fof miijo ngo alaa ɗo haaɗi wonde won e leƴƴi ina ɓura woɗɓe" o wiyi "hono ɗeeɗoo haalaaji ngalaa daliilu e ganndal walla e diine kerecee en." E won e fannuuji ɗum addani mo luulndaade, o jokki e wallitde Afriknaaɓe e dañde laamu mum, e nder leydi Uganndaa e Nijeer fof o ƴettii darnde ngam ɓeydude naatgol Afriknaaɓe e laamu. ==firooji== fowjt9ubzens8d6811csbj2spkidr3e