Wikipedia fjwiki https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabana_levu MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 7287 38917 38543 2026-11-07T23:54:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 38917 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cayma y Yanahuara en la ciudad de Arequipa.jpg|right|thumb|400x400px|Lomalagi ni laini kei Arequipa]] O '''Arequipa'''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Arequipa, en búsqueda del León perdido|last=Vargas Gutiérrez|first=José Luis|publisher=Paradigma|year=2002|page=1|language=es|volume=2}}</ref>, e dua na siti e [[Peru]] kei na koroturaga ni yaca vata ga [[Arequipa (yasana)|yasana]] kei tikina. E na idabedabe ni [[Mataveilewai Yavu ni Vakavulewa ni Peru]] ka dau vakatokai me "koroturaga vakalawa ni Peru".<ref name="capitaljuridica Normative p6">{{Cite book|url=http://spij.minjus.gob.pe/Normas/textos/230110T.pdf|title=Legal Information System|author=Official Journal El Peruano|number=13|id=p. 96|year=2010|archive-date=9 December 2011|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209074614/http://spij.minjus.gob.pe/Normas/textos/230110T.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> E ikarua ni koro levu duadua e Peru, ni oti na koroturaga o [[Lima (Peru)|Lima]], kei na dua na iwiliwili ni korolevu ni 1,295,700 ena 2025. Kilai ena kena droini ni koloni kei na vale vatu ni volukano, e dua na vanua levu ni itovo vakavanua kei na bula vakailavo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historical Centre of the City of Arequipa|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1016}}</ref> Arequipa e dua talega na vanua bibi ni cakacaka kei bisinisi komadonu ena Peru,<ref name="chanfreau40p">Chanfreau, p. 40</ref> ka sa okati me ikarua ni koro levu duadua ni bisinisi ena vanua. Ena loma ni kena cakacaka vakabisinisi era tu kina na veika e buli kei na kena buli na isulu ni [[vutika]] ni [[kameli]]. Na kena vanua levu e vakaduavatataka e ruasagavulu ka dua na yasana, oka kina na yavu ni vanua ni lomadonu, ka sa ikoya na idabedabe ni matanitu ni koro. Na siti e tiko kina e dua na yaca GDP ni US$9,445 milioni, tautauvata kei US$10,277 ena dua na tamata (US$18,610 ena dua na tamata PPP) ena 2015, ka cakava o Arequipa na siti kei ikarua ni cakacaka vakailavo cecere duadua ena Peru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/overview/in-the-news/urban-world-app|title=Urban world: What's next?|publisher=McKinsey & Company|date=October 2016|website=McKinsey Global Institute|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108223149/http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/overview/in-the-news/urban-world-app|url-status=live}}</ref> Na siti e maroroya na veiwekani vakabisinisi voleka kei [[Chile]], [[Bolivia]], kei [[Barasila]] kei veikoro lelevu e semati ena sala ni [[PeruRail|sitimanivanua Ceva]], vaka kina na wavu e [[Matarani]].<ref name="export17p">Mincetur. «Export Investment Guide», p. 17</ref> A tauyavutaki na siti ena 15 Okosita 1540, ena yaca ni "Villa totoka ni Noda Marama na Vakanananu" ena yaca ni Marquis [[Francisco Pizarro]]. Ena 22 Seviteba 1541, na tui, [[Charles V]], vakaroti me vakatokai na "Siti ni Arequipa". Ena gauna ni ivukevuke ni tui, e rawata na bibi me baleta na kena itavi vakailavo vakasakiti<ref name="chanfreau40p" /> ka vakatakilakilataki ena yalodina ki na Korona ni Sipeni kilai me ''fidelismo'',<ref name="linares115p">Linares Málaga, p. 115</ref> ka sa qai vakarokorokotaki Arequipa ena itutu me vaka na "Vakaturaga sara kei Yalodina sara".<ref name="barriga133p">{{harv|Barriga|1940|p=133|sp=yes}}</ref> Ena kei Na itukutuku makawa ni Ripabuliki kei Peru, na siti sa ikoya na vanua ni veivakacacani kilai levu, vakamatanitu kei na demokarasi. Sa nodra vanua talega na tamata vuku, vakapolitiki kei na lotu kilai levu.<ref name="compendio63p">Provincial Municipality of Arequipa. «Normative Compendium of the Historic Center of Arequipa», p. 63</ref> Ena gauna ni Ripabuliki, e soli vua na itutu ni "Koro qaqa ni tamata galala ni Arequipa".<ref name="neira438p">{{harv|Neira|Galdos|Malaga|Quiroz|1990|p=438|sp=sí}}</ref> Na kena itukutuku makawa e vakarabailevutaki ena dua na vanua ni 332 na ekares<ref name="compendio80p">Provincial Municipality of Arequipa. «Normative Compendium of the Historic Center of Arequipa», p. 80</ref> ka sa vakaraitaki me dua na [[UNESCO Vanua ni Iyau ni Vuravura]].<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1016|title=Historical Center of the City of Arequipa|author=UNESCO|year=2000}}</ref> Na itukutuku makawa kei na ivakananumi ni sa vale kei na kena veimataqali scenic kei na itovo vakavanua vukica me dua na siti ni marama ni matanitu kei na veimatanitu saravanua, ena kena itukutuku makawa e vakaraitaka na viceregal kei na republican na ivoli ni veiwaki ni Sipeni kei na itovo vakavanua,<ref name="Normative Compendium p2">{{cite report|url=http://www.mincetur.gob.pe/apec1/pdf/Mincetur_Arequipa22.pdf|title=Final Normative Compendium of the Historic Center of Arequipa|author=Technical Office of the Historical Center and Monumental Zone of Arequipa (MPA – OTCHA)|number=1|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107135148/http://www.mincetur.gob.pe/apec1/pdf/Mincetur_Arequipa22.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2012|year=2002}}</ref> ka vakavuna e dua na koronivuli ni isulusulu vakataki koya ka vakatokai na "Koronivuli Arequipeña"<ref name="benavides73p">{{harv|Benavides Rodríguez|1990|p=73|sp=yes}}</ref> o cei e yaco mai na nona veivakauqeti ena [[Potosí]] (Siti ni [[Bolivia]]).<ref name="potosí">{{Cite web|url=http://www.infolatam.com/entrada/endesa_ilumina_la_iglesia_barroca_de_la_-4092.html|title=Endesa ilumina la iglesia barroca de la Compañía|access-date=4 August 2009|website=Infolatam|date=6 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120104205/http://www.infolatam.com/entrada/endesa_ilumina_la_iglesia_barroca_de_la_-4092.html|archive-date=20 November 2008}}</ref><ref name="compendio6p">Municipalidad Provincial de Arequipa. «Compendio normativo del Centro Histórico de Arequipa», p. 6</ref> == Veitikina == {{reflist}} {{commons|Arequia}} [[Category:Siti (Peru)]] clr62lubkkbyv4xahdsxuz5pvptwavu 0 8496 38921 38544 2026-11-08T00:14:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 38921 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''{{PAGENAME}}'''</big></big><br />''République française'' |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg|130px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Armoiries république française.svg|right|100px]] |} |- | align="center" colspan=2 | <small>''[[National motto]]: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité''</small> |- |Koroturaga: Parisi |[[File:La Tour Eiffel vue de la Tour Saint-Jacques, Paris août 2014 (2).jpg|thumb|200px]] |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:EU-France (orthographic projection).svg|200px]] |} '''Varanise''' e dua na matanitu e dua na vanua e tiko taumada ena [[Tokalau Iurope]] kei na vica na ki veimatanitu tani veiyasana kei na yasana. Na vanua Korolevu Varanise e lako mai na [[Wasawasa Mediterranean]] ki na [[Vakavalagi Jenala]] kei na [[Wasawasa Vualiku]], kei na [[Rhine]] ki na [[Wasa Atalanitika]]. Sa iyalayala mai vei [[Belijiki]], [[Lukesepuaki]] kei [[Jamani]] ki na vualiku tokalau, [[Suwitisiladi]] kei [[Itali]] ki na tokalau, kei [[Andora]] kei [[Sipeni]] ki na ceva. Na lewawasa ki veimatanitu tani e oka kina na [[Varanise Guiana]] ena [[Ceva Amerika]] kei na vica na yanuyanu ena Wasa Atalanitika, [[Wasa Pasifika|Pasifika]] kei [[Wasa Vakaidia]]. Na vanua e 18 kina na matanitu e tiko kina na veivanua bibi eso (e lima na ka toka ki veimatanitu tani) yalataki e dua na iwasewase cokovata ni 643,801 na kilomita (248,573 sq mi) kei na iwiliwili taucoko ni 67,020,000. E Varanise e dua na unitary ni veiqatitaka ka kena iusutu [[Parisi]], na [[siti]] levu duadua ena vanua kei na valenivolavola ni veivoli. Eso tale na vanua cakacaka wili kina [[Lyon]], [[Maseli]], [[Tolosa]], [[Bodo]], [[Lille]] and [[Nice]]. Sa tu dede o Varanise ena dua na valenivolavola e [[cakacakaniliga]], [[vakadidike]], ka [[filosofi]]. E tu kina na iwiliwili levu duadua ni [[Vuravura (veivuravura)|vuravura]] ena ikalima ni [[UNESCO]] [[Vanua ni Iyau ni Vuravura|Vuravura ni Iyau Vanua]] ka sa ikoya na kena liutaki na saravanua, ciqomi ni lewe 83 milioni na vulagi tani, ia kevaka e wili ena bogi ni bera na lewenivanua saravanua, sa yaco ko Varanise me ikaono ni matanitu e vuravura ka 138 e milioni na bogi, daku [[Matanitu Cokovata o Amerika|America]], [[Jaina (matanitu)|Jaina]], [[Sipeni]], [[Itali]] kei [[Matanitu Cokovata]]. Na Varanise e dua na matanitu e tara cake na ikavitu ni vanua vakailavo e vuravura ena ga [[Veinona Noda Ivoli|GDP]], kei ikatini e levu cake mai na [[Voli Kaukauwa Parity|PPP]]. E dau vakayacora vakavinaka o Varanise na vakaitutu ni vuli, qaravi ni bula, bula expectancy, kei tamata vakatorocaketaki. E vakatokai o Varanise me dua na [[kaukauwa]] cecere ena veika raraba, me dua vei ira na lima na lewe ni [[Matabose Kei Vuravura Veitaqomaki veimatanitu]] vata kei na kaukauwa ni veto kei na dua na ituvaki [[nukilia-iyaragi]]. Oqo e dua na nodra itutu na lewe ni ilawalawa ni duavata ena [[Cokovata Vakaiurope]] kei na [[Eurozone]], kei na dua na lewe ni [[G7|iwasewase ni 7]], [[Vualiku Atalanitika Veidinadinati Mataisoqosoqo]] (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO), [[Tuvanaka ni vakayagataki ni veika vakailavo kei veivakatorocaketaki]] (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD), na [[Vulavula Volitaka Mataisoqosoqo]] (World Trade Organization, WTO), kei [[La Francophonie]]. == Keokarafi == === Vanua kei iyalayala === [[File:France_cities.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:France_cities.png|alt=see description|left|thumb|E dua mape ni veivuke ni Korolevu Varanise, vakaraitaka na veikoro lelevu e sivia na 100,000 na lewenivanua.]] [[File:Mont-Blanc_from_Planpraz_station.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mont-Blanc_from_Planpraz_station.jpg|alt=Panorama of Mont Blanc mountain range above gray clouds under a blue sky|left|thumb|[[Moni Blanc]], na ulunivanua cecere duadua ena Tokalau Iurope, e vakatakilakilataka na iyalayala kei Itali.]] The vast majority of France's territory and population is situated in Western Europe and is called [[:en:Metropolitan_France|Metropolitan France]], to distinguish it from the country's various overseas polities. It is bordered by the [[:en:North_Sea|Northern Sea]] in the north, the [[:en:English_Channel|English Channel]] in the northwest, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Mediterranean sea in the southeast. Its land borders consist of Belgium and Luxembourg in the northeast, Germany and Switzerland in the east, Italy and Monaco in the southeast, and Andorra and Spain in the south and southwest. With the exception of the northeast, most of France's land borders are roughly delineated by natural boundaries and geographic features: to the south and southeast, the Pyrenees and the Alps and the Jura, respectively, and to the east, the Rhine river. Due to its shape, France is often referred to as ''{{lang|fr|l'Hexagone}}'' ("The [[:en:Hexagon|Hexagon]]"). Metropolitan France includes various coastal islands, of which the largest is [[:en:Corsica|Corsica]]. Metropolitan France is situated mostly between latitudes [[:en:41st_parallel_north|41°]] and [[:en:51st_parallel_north|51° N]], and longitudes [[:en:6th_meridian_west|6° W]] and [[:en:10th_meridian_east|10° E]], on the western edge of Europe, and thus lies within the northern [[:en:Temperateness|temperate]] zone. Its continental part covers about 1000&nbsp;km from north to south and from east to west. France has several [[:en:Overseas_departments_and_territories_of_France|overseas regions]] across the world, which are organized as follows: * In South America: [[:en:French_Guiana|French Guiana]]. * In the Atlantic Ocean: [[:en:Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon|Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] and, in the Antilles: [[:en:Guadeloupe|Guadeloupe]], Martinique, [[:en:Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin|Saint Martin]] and [[:en:Saint_Barthélemy|Saint Barthélemy]]. * In the Pacific Ocean: [[:en:French_Polynesia|French Polynesia]], the special collectivity of [[:en:New_Caledonia|New Caledonia]], [[:en:Wallis_and_Futuna|Wallis and Futuna]] and [[:en:Clipperton_Island|Clipperton Island]]. * In the Indian Ocean: [[:en:Réunion_island|Réunion island]], [[:en:Mayotte|Mayotte]], [[:en:Kerguelen_Islands|Kerguelen Islands]], [[:en:Crozet_Islands|Crozet Islands]], [[:en:Île_Saint-Paul|St. Paul]] and [[:en:Île_Amsterdam|Amsterdam]] islands, and the [[:en:Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean|Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean]] * In the Antarctic: [[:en:Adélie_Land|Adélie Land]]. France has land borders with Brazil and Suriname via [[:en:French_Guiana|French Guiana]] and with the Kingdom of the Netherlands through the French portion of [[:en:Saint_Martin|Saint Martin]]. Metropolitan France covers {{convert|551500|km2|sqmi|0}}, the largest among [[:en:European_Union|European Union]] members.<ref name="superficy">{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/france/index_en.htm|title=Europa Official Site&nbsp;– France|accessdate=28 October 2014|publisher=EU}}</ref> France's total land area, with its overseas departments and territories (excluding [[:en:Adélie_Land|Adélie Land]]), is {{convert|643801|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, 0.45% of the total land area on Earth. France possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the north and west to mountain ranges of the [[:en:Alps|Alps]] in the southeast, the [[:en:Massif_Central|Massif Central]] in the south central and [[:en:Pyrenees|Pyrenees]] in the southwest. Due to its numerous [[:en:Overseas_departments_and_territories_of_France|overseas departments and territories]] scattered across the planet, France possesses the second-largest [[:en:Exclusive_economic_zone|Exclusive economic zone]] (EEZ) in the world, covering 11,035,000&nbsp;km² (4,260,000&nbsp;mi²), just behind the EEZ of the [[:en:United_States|United States]], which covers 11,351,000&nbsp;km² (4,383,000&nbsp;mi²), but ahead of the EEZ of Australia, which covers 8,148,250&nbsp;km² (4,111,312&nbsp;mi²). Its EEZ covers approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world. == Bula vakailavo == A member of the [[:en:Group_of_Seven|Group of Seven]] (formerly Group of Eight) leading industrialized countries, as of 2018, it is ranked as the world's [[:en:List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)|tenth largest]] and the EU's second largest economy by [[:en:Purchasing_power_parity|purchasing power parity]].<ref name="data.worldbank.org">{{cite web|title=GDP, PPP (current international $)|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2014+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc|publisher=The World Bank Group|accessdate=1 November 2015}}</ref> France joined 11 other EU members to launch the euro in 1999, with [[:en:Euro_coins|euro coins]] and [[:en:Euro_banknotes|banknotes]] completely replacing the [[:en:French_franc|French franc]] (₣) in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/history/|title=History of the Euro|work=BBC News|accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref> France has a [[:en:Mixed_economy|mixed economy]] that combines extensive private enterprise<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF09203|title=Entreprises selon le nombre de salariés et l'activité|publisher=[[INSEE]]|date=July 2008|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115094528/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF09203|archivedate=15 November 2009|url-status=dead|trans-title=Companies by number of employees and activity}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF9303|title=Entreprises publiques selon l'activité économique|trans-title=Public enterprises by economic activity|publisher=INSEE|date=March 2009|language=fr|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202213356/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF9303|archivedate=2 December 2009}}</ref> with substantial state enterprise and government intervention. The government retains considerable influence over key segments of infrastructure sectors, with majority ownership of railway, electricity, aircraft, nuclear power and telecommunications. It has been relaxing its control over these sectors since the early [[:en:1990s_in_economics|1990s]].{{failed verification|date=February 2016}} The government is slowly [[:en:Corporatization|corporatising]] the state sector and selling off holdings in [[:en:Orange_S.A.|France Télécom]], [[:en:Air_France|Air France]], as well as in the insurance, banking, and defense industries.{{failed verification|date=February 2016}} France has an important aerospace industry led by the European consortium [[:en:Airbus|Airbus]], and has its own national [[:en:Spaceport|spaceport]], the ''[[:en:Centre_Spatial_Guyanais|Centre Spatial Guyanais]]''. [[File:French_economy_2016_-_expenditures.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:French_economy_2016_-_expenditures.png|thumb|Na ituvatuva ni bula vakailavo ni Varanise (GDP) ena 2016 ena mataqali vakayagataki ilavo]] As of 2009, the [[:en:World_Trade_Organization|World Trade Organization]] (WTO) reported France was the world's sixth largest exporter and the fourth largest importer of manufactured goods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2008_e/its2008_e.pdf|title=International Trade Statistics 2008|page=12|year=2009|publisher=WTO|accessdate=5 July 2011|url-status=dead|archivedate=5 June 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605022421/http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2008_e/its2008_e.pdf}}</ref> As of 2016, [[:en:The_World_Factbook|the World Factbook]] ranked France seventh largest exporter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Country Comparison :: Exports|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html|website=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|accessdate=14 July 2017|archive-date=4 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004073036/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook//rankorder/2078rank.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2008, France was the third largest recipient of [[:en:Foreign_direct_investment|foreign direct investment]] among OECD countries at $118&nbsp;billion, ranking behind Luxembourg (where foreign direct investment was essentially monetary transfers to banks located there) and the United States ($316&nbsp;billion), but above the United Kingdom ($96.9&nbsp;billion), Germany ($25&nbsp;billion), or Japan ($24&nbsp;billion). In the same year, French companies invested $220&nbsp;billion outside France, ranking France as the second largest outward direct investor in the OECD, behind the United States ($311&nbsp;billion), and ahead of the UK ($111&nbsp;billion), Japan ($128&nbsp;billion) and Germany ($157&nbsp;billion).<ref name="FDIfr">{{cite web|title=Country fact sheet: France|work=World Investment Report 2009|publisher=UNCTAD|accessdate=7 October 2010|url=http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_fr_en.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704045547/http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_fr_en.pdf}}</ref><ref name="FDIja">{{cite web|title=Country fact sheet: Japan|work=World Investment Report 2009|publisher=UNCTAD|accessdate=7 October 2010|url=http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_jp_en.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704045522/http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_jp_en.pdf}}</ref> Financial services, banking and the insurance sector are an important part of the economy. Three largest [[:en:Cooperative_banking|financial institutions cooperatively owned by their customers]] are located in France.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gould|first1=Charles|title=Global300 Report 2010, International Co-operative Alliance. The world's major co-operatives and mutual businesses|url=https://www.ica.coop/sites/default/files/basic-page-attachments/global300-report-2011-1757377405.pdf|website=ica.coop|access-date=2025-02-25|archive-date=2021-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813153010/https://www.ica.coop/sites/default/files/basic-page-attachments/global300-report-2011-1757377405.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Paris stock exchange is an old institution, created by [[:en:Louis_XV_of_France|Louis XV]] in 1724.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|author=Audrey Vautherot|url=http://www.gralon.net/articles/economie-et-finance/bourse/article-la-bourse-de-paris---une-institution-depuis-1724-981.htm|title=La Bourse de Paris : une institution depuis 1724|trans-title=The Paris Stock Exchange: an institution since 1724|website=Gralon|date=19 November 2007}}</ref> In 2000, the stock exchanges of Paris, Amsterdam and Brussels merged into [[:en:Euronext|Euronext]].<ref name="banque">{{cite web|author=Embassy of France|url=http://www.ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article511|title=Embassy of France in Washington: Economy of France|publisher=Ambafrance-us.org|accessdate=16 July 2011|url-status=dead|archivedate=9 October 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009235442/http://ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article511}}</ref> In 2007, Euronext merged with the [[:en:New_York_stock_exchange|New York stock exchange]] to form [[:en:NYSE_Euronext|NYSE Euronext]], the world's largest stock exchange.<ref name="banque" /> [[:en:Euronext_Paris|Euronext Paris]], the French branch of the NYSE Euronext group is Europe's 2nd largest stock exchange market, behind the [[:en:London_Stock_Exchange|London Stock Exchange]]. France is a member of the [[:en:Eurozone|Eurozone]] (around 330 million consumers) which is part of the [[:en:European_Single_Market|European Single Market]] (more than 500 million consumers). Several domestic commercial policies are determined by agreements among European Union (EU) members and by EU legislation. France introduced the common European currency, the [[:en:Euro|Euro]] in 2002.<ref name="euroc">{{cite news|title=Germans Say Goodbye to the Mark, a Symbol of Strength and Unity|first=Edmund L.|last=Andrews|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=18 March 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/01/world/germans-say-goodbye-to-the-mark-a-symbol-of-strength-and-unity.html|date=1 January 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=On Jan.&nbsp;1, out of many arises one Euro|newspaper=[[St. Petersburg Times]]|first=Susan|last=Taylor Martin|date=28 December 1998|page=National, 1.A}}</ref> [[File:BlueEurozone.svg|thumb|Varanise e tiki ni dua na iunioni vakailavo, na [[Eurozone]] (karakarawa butobuto), kei na [[Iurope Makete Duabau]].]] French companies have maintained key positions in the insurance and banking industries: [[:en:AXA|AXA]] is the world's largest insurance company. The leading French banks are [[:en:BNP_Paribas|BNP Paribas]] and the [[:en:Crédit_Agricole|Crédit Agricole]], ranking as the world's first and sixth largest banks in 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doughroller.net/banking/largest-banks-in-the-world/|title=The 10 Largest Banks in the World|publisher=Doughroller.net|date=15 June 2010|accessdate=16 July 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712190110/http://www.doughroller.net/banking/largest-banks-in-the-world/|archivedate=12 July 2011}}</ref> (by assets), while the [[:en:Société_Générale|Société Générale]] group was ranked the world's eighth largest in 2009. == Veitikina == {{reflist}} [[Category:Varanise]] 8nkkdr2zblwdu7dqunp8d7bc4cfgzo2 0 9397 38919 38884 2026-11-08T00:09:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 38919 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cat poster 1.jpg|right|thumb|Kena veimataqali mataqali ni pusi]] Na '''pusi''' ('''''Felis catus''''') e dua na vale species ni daukana lalai lewenimanumanu [[manumanu susu]].<ref name="Linnaeus1758">{{Cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=C. |title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |location=Holmiae |publisher=Laurentii Salvii |date=1758 |page=42 |chapter=Felis Catus |language=la |volume=1 |edition=Tenth reformed |chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000798865/page/42}}</ref><ref name="MSW3fc">{{MSW3 Wozencraft |id=14000031 |pages=534–535 |heading=Species ''Felis catus''}}</ref> E duadua ga na species [[manumanu vakavaletaki]] ena matavuvale [[Felidae]] ka dau vakatokai me na '''pusi vale''' se '''pusi vakavale''' me vakaduiduitaki koya mai vei ira na lewe ni matavuvale kila lewenilotu.<ref name="Clutton-Brock1999">{{Cite book |title=A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals |last=Clutton-Brock |first=J. |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, England<!--This is not redundant; there's a Cambridge, Massachusetts, also, with academic publishers.--> |date=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-63495-3 |edition=Second |pages=133–140 |chapter=Cats |oclc=39786571 |orig-year=1987 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133 |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122145647/https://books.google.com/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pusi e dau maroroi me vaka na [[manumanu]] ni vale ia e rawa talega ni pusi ni iteitei se pusi ni kilavale; na pusi kilavale e dau galala qai sega ni veitaratara kei ira na tamata.<ref name=Liberg_al2014>{{Cite book |last1=Liberg |first1=O. |last2=Sandell |first2=M. |last3=Pontier |first3=D. |last4=Natoli |first4=E. |name-list-style=amp |chapter=Density, spatial organisation and reproductive tactics in the domestic cat and other felids |title=The domestic cat: the biology of its behaviour |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2000 |edition=Second |isbn=9780521636483 |editor1-last=Turner |editor1-first=D. C. |editor2-last=Bateson |editor2-first=P. |pages=119–147 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GgUwg6gU7n4C&pg=PA119 |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062218/https://books.google.com/books?id=GgUwg6gU7n4C&pg=PA119 |url-status=live }}</ref> E dua na daukania na lewenimanumanu, e gadrevi kina e dua na kakana e yavutaki vakalevu ena lewe ni manumanu. Na kena [[taukuku]] e rawa ni vakasukai e vakarautaki me vakamatea na veimataqali manumanu lalai me vaka na [[kalavo lalai]] kei [[Kalavo (manumanu)|kalavo]]. E kaukaua na yagona, e dau veisau, e totolo na nona vakasama, e matailalai tale ga na batina, e vakatorocaketaki vinaka tale ga na nona rai ena bogi kei na nona dau boi vinaka. Pusi vale era vakamareqeta na tamata me baleta na veitokani kei na nodra rawa ni vakamatea na [[rodent]]. E rauta ni 60 mataqali pusi era kilai mai na veimataqali rejisita ni pusi.<ref name=Driscoll_al2009>{{cite journal |last1=Driscoll |first1=C. A. |last2=Clutton-Brock |first2=J. |last3=Kitchener |first3=A. C. |last4=O'Brien |first4=S. J. |name-list-style=amp |date=2009 |title=The taming of the cat |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_scientific-american_2009-06_300_6/page/68 |journal=Scientific American |volume=300 |issue=6 |pages=68–75 |pmid=19485091 |pmc=5790555 |bibcode=2009SciAm.300f..68D |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0609-68}}</ref> Na pusi e tautauvata na kena ibulibuli kei na so tale na species felid: e kaukauwa na yagona, totolo na nona vakasama, matailalai na batina, kei na qaqalo e rawa ni vakasukai e veiganiti me vakamatea na manumanu lalai. E vakatorocaketaki vinaka na kena rai ena bogi kei na kena boi vinaka. Na veitaratara ni pusi e oka kina na vosataki me vaka na miau, qoqolou, sisi, kei na kudru ka vakakina na vosa vakayago ni pusi-vakatabakidua. E dina ga ni pusi e dua na [[species veimaliwai]], e dua na dauvakasasa taudua. Me vaka e dua na manumanu dauvakacaca, e dau vakacaca, e dau cakacaka vakalevu ena mataka lailai kei na yakavi. E rawa ni rogoca na rorogo sa rui malumalumu se sa rui cecere ena [[wasoma]] me baleta na daliga ni tamata, me vaka na kena era cakava na kalavo kei na so tale na lalai manumanu susu.<ref name=Moelk1944>{{Cite journal |title=Vocalizing in the House-cat; A Phonetic and Functional Study |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychology_1944-04_57_2/page/184 |last=Moelk |first=M. |journal=The American Journal of Psychology |date=1944 |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=184–205 |doi=10.2307/1416947 |jstor=1416947}}</ref> E vakatubura tale ga qai raica na [[feromoni]].<ref name=Bland1979>{{cite journal |last1=Bland |first1=K. P. |date=1979 |title=Tom-cat odour and other pheromones in feline reproduction |journal=Veterinary Science Communications |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=125–136 |url=https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1979-bland.pdf |doi=10.1007/BF02268958 |s2cid=22484090 |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=30 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130202521/https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1979-bland.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Yalewa pusi vale e rawa ni tiko na luveni pusi mai na vulaitubutubu ki na icavacava ni vulaitubutubu, kei na levu ni benu e dau tekivu mai na rua ki na lima na luveni pusi.<ref name=Nutter2004>{{cite journal |last1=Nutter |first1=F. B. |last2=Levine |first2=J. F. |last3=Stoskopf |first3=M. K. |s2cid=1903272 |name-list-style=amp |date=2004 |title=Reproductive capacity of free-roaming domestic cats and kitten survival rate |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-veterinary-medical-association-journal_2004-11-01_225_9/page/1399 |journal=Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |volume=225 |issue=9 |pages=1399–1402 |doi=10.2460/javma.2004.225.1399 |pmid=15552315 |citeseerx=10.1.1.204.1281 }}</ref> Pusi vale era susugi ka vakaraitaki ena soqo me vaka na pusi ni kawa rejisita, e dua na ka taleitaki ka kilai me pusi totoka. Na kena lewai na iwiliwili ni pusi e rawa ni vakayacori ena kena [[vakalutu]] kei kena [[sega ni vakaluveni]], ia na nodra vakalevutaki kei na nodra biu laivi na manumanu e vakavuna me levu kina na pusi ni kilavale pusi e vuravura raraba, e veivuke ena kena vakarusai na manumanu taucoko vuka, manumanu susu, kei qasi species.<ref name="Rochlitz">{{Cite book |title=The Welfare of Cats |url=https://archive.org/details/welfareofcatsani0000iren |last=Rochlitz |first=I. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] |isbn=978-1-4020-6143-1 |series="Animal Welfare" series |location=Berlin |pages=[https://archive.org/details/welfareofcatsani0000iren/page/141 141]–175 |oclc=262679891}}</ref> E dau nanumi tu mai vakabalavu ni tekivu na nodra vakamalumalumutaki na pusi mai [[Ijipita Makawa]], era dau vakarokorokotaki kina na pusi mai na 3100 BC,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Cat in ancient Egypt, illustrated from the collection of cat and other Egyptian figures formed |publisher=Cambridge University Press |last1=Langton |first1=N. |last2=Langton |first2=M. B. |name-list-style=amp |date=1940}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Cat in Ancient Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/catinancientegyp0000male |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |last=Malek |first=J. |date=1997 |edition=Revised |location=Philadelphia}}</ref> ia na toso vou ena [[Arkeoloji|vakadidike ni veika makawa]] kei na [[genetika]] e vakaraitaka ni nodra vakamalumalumutaki a yaco ena [[Ra Esia]] rauta na 7500 BC.<ref name="DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007">{{Cite journal |last1=Driscoll |first1=C. A. |last2=Menotti-Raymond |first2=M. |last3=Roca |first3=A. L. |last4=Hupe |first4=K. |last5=Johnson |first5=W. E. |last6=Geffen |first6=E. |last7=Harley |first7=E. H. |last8=Delibes |first8=M. |last9=Pontier |first9=D. |last10=Kitchener |first10=A. C. |last11=Yamaguchi |first11=N. |last12=O'Brien |first12=S. J. |last13=Macdonald |first13=D. W. |name-list-style=amp |title=The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2007-07-27_317_5837/page/519 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=317 |issue=5837 |date=2007 |pages=519–523 |issn=0036-8075 |doi=10.1126/science.1139518 |pmc=5612713 |pmid=17600185|bibcode=2007Sci...317..519D}}</ref> Me vaka ni 2021, e rauta ni 220 milioni na pusi taukeni kei na 480 milioni na galala-veilakoyaki pusi e vuravura.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carocat.eu/statistics-on-cats-and-dogs/|title=Statistics on cats|date=15 February 2021|website=carocat.eu|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225150136/https://carocat.eu/statistics-on-cats-and-dogs/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Toxocara and Toxocariasis|last1=Rostami|first1=Ali|editor1-last=Bowman|editor1-first=Dwight D.|publisher=Elsevier Science|year=2020|chapter=30|pages=616|isbn=9780128209585|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=B33gDwAAQBAJ|page=616}}}}</ref> == Ekoloji == === Vanua ni bula === Na pusi vale e dua na species veimatanitu ka dau yaco ena levu na vanua e vuravura.<ref name="Lipinski" /> E rawa ni veisau qai tiko ena gauna oqo ena veivanua kece vakavo ga na Antarctica, kei na 118 mai na 131 na ilawalawa lelevu ni yanuyanu, ena veivanua tu vakatikitiki mada ga [[Yatu Kerguelen]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Spatio-temporal variation in cat population density in a sub-Antarctic environment|last=Say|first=L.|journal=Polar Biology|date=2002|volume=25|issue=2|pages=90–95|doi=10.1007/s003000100316|s2cid=22448763}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-reviews_2005-02_80_1/page/n46|last1=Frenot|first1=Y.|last2=Chown|first2=S. L.|last3=Whinam|first3=J.|last4=Selkirk|first4=P. M.|last5=Convey|first5=P.|last6=Skotnicki|first6=M.|last7=Bergstrom|first7=D. M.|s2cid=5574897|journal=Biological Reviews|date=2005|volume=80|issue=1|pages=45–72|doi=10.1017/S1464793104006542|pmid=15727038|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ena vuku ni kena rawa ni bulabula vinaka ena voleka ni vanua kece ni bula vakavuravura, e maliwai ira na vuravura e levu duadua [[species veivakacacani]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Medina|first1=F. M.|last2=Bonnaud|first2=E.|last3=Vidal|first3=E.|last4=Tershy|first4=B. R.|author-link5=Erika Zavaleta|last5=Zavaleta|first5=E.|last6=Josh Donlan|first6=C.|last7=Keitt|first7=B. S.|last8=Le Corre|first8=M.|last9=Horwath|first9=S. V.|last10=Nogales|first10=M.|date=2011|title=A global review of the impacts of invasive cats on island endangered vertebrates|journal=Global Change Biology|volume=17|issue=11|pages=3503–3510|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02464.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.701.4082|bibcode=2011GCBio..17.3503M|s2cid=323316}}</ref> E bula ena veiyanuyanu lalai e sega kina na tamata.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Review of Feral Cat Eradication on Islands|last1=Nogales|first1=M.|last2=Martin|first2=A.|last3=Tershy|first3=B. R.|last4=Donlan|first4=C. J.|last5=Veitch|first5=D.|last6=Uerta|first6=N.|last7=Wood|first7=B.|last8=Alonso|first8=J.|journal=Conservation Biology|date=2004|volume=18|issue=2|pages=310–319|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00442.x|hdl=10261/22249|s2cid=11594286|url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|hdl-access=free|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206034647/https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Pusi kilavale e rawa ni bula ena [[veikau]], [[vanua co]], [[tundra]], vanua e baravi, vanua ni teitei, [[vanua lolobo]], vanua ni korolevu, kei [[vanua suasua]].<ref name="ISSG 2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=24&fr=1&sts=sss|work=Global Invasive Species Database|title=Ecology of ''Felis catus''|author=Invasive Species Specialist Group|publisher=[[IUCN Species Survival Commission|Species Survival Commission]], [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]|date=2006|access-date=31 August 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027123405/http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=24&fr=1&sts=sss|archive-date=27 October 2009}}</ref> Na sega ni vinakati ka vakavuna na pusi vale me qaravi me vaka e dua na species veimatanitu dauvakacaca e rua na ka . Ena dua na yasana, me vaka ni lailai na kena veisau mai na pusi kila, e rawarawa sara me veiwatini kei na pusi kila. Na veivakaduiduitaki oqo e vakavuna na leqa ki na duidui ni gene ni so na iwiliwili ni pusi kila, vakabibi e Sikoteladi kei Hungary, rairai talega na vanua o Iberia, kei na vanua e taqomaki kina na vanua vakaitaukei e volekata na tamata-lewa vanua rairai, me vaka na [[vanua ni gade e Kruger]] e [[Sauca Aferika]].<ref name="Kruger">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270912183|title=Genetic analysis shows low levels of hybridization between African wildcats (Felis silvestris lybica) and domestic cats (F. s. catus) in South Africa|last1=Le Roux|first1=Johannes J.|last2=Foxcraft|first2=Llewellyn C.|last3=Herbst|first3=Marna|last4=Macfadyen|first4=Sandra|date=19 August 2014|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=5|issue=2|pages=288–299|doi=10.1002/ece3.1275|pmid=25691958|pmc=4314262|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307214831/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270912183_Genetic_analysis_shows_low_levels_of_hybridization_between_African_wildcats_Felis_silvestris_lybica_and_domestic_cats_F_s_catus_in_South_Africa|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Oliveira">{{Cite journal|last1=Oliveira|first1=R.|last2=Godinho|first2=R.|last3=Randi|first3=E.|last4=Alves|first4=P. C.|title=Hybridization Versus Conservation: Are Domestic Cats Threatening the Genetic Integrity of Wildcats (''Felis silvestris silvestris'') in Iberian Peninsula?|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences|volume=363|issue=1505|pages=2953–2961|date=2008|pmid=18522917|doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0052|pmc=2606743}}</ref> Ena yasana kadua, ka rairai matata cake, na kena vakacurumi ki na veivanua e sega ni tiko kina na pusi ni vanua e cau ki na kena sa lutu sobu na species ni vanua.<ref name="contr-ext" /> === Kilataki === Pusi kilavale era pusi vale era sucu ena se ra sa lesu tale ki na dua na ituvaki ni veikau. Era sega ni kilai ira vinaka na tamata ra qai dau veilakoyaki galala ena veikoro lelevu kei na veivanua lala.<ref name="Rochlitz2" /> Na [[naba]] ni pusi vakakila e sega ni kilai, ia na vakasama ni [[Matanitu Cokovata o Amerika|Amerika]] na iwiliwili ni kilavale e tiko mai na 25 ina 60 milioni.<ref name="Rochlitz2" /> Pusi kilavale e rawa ni bula duadua, ia e levu era kune ena koloni lelevu, era taukena e dua na vanua vakatabakidua ra qai dau veiwekani kei na dua na ivurevure ni kakana.<ref name="hsus-feral">{{cite web|url=http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/feral_cats/feral_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html#1_What_is_a_feral_cat|title=What is the difference between a stray cat and a feral cat?|date=2 January 2008|work=HSUS.org|publisher=[[Humane Society of the United States]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501093143/http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/feral_cats/feral_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html#1_What_is_a_feral_cat|archive-date=1 May 2008}}</ref> Era kune e [[Rome|Roma]] na veivanua kilai levu ni pusi kilavale levu wavolita na [[Colosseum]] kei [[Forum Romanum]], kei na pusi ena so na vanua oqo era vakani ka soli vei ira na veiqaravi vakavuniwai mai vei ira dauveiqaravi.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Spatio-temporal variation in cat population density in a sub-Antarctic environment|last=Say|first=L.|journal=Polar Biology|date=2002|volume=25|issue=2|pages=90–95|doi=10.1007/s003000100316|s2cid=22448763}}</ref> E duidui sara na nodra rai na lewenivanua me baleta na pusi kilavale, mai na nodra raici ira mera manumanu galala mera raici ira mera kutu.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-reviews_2005-02_80_1/page/n46|last1=Frenot|first1=Y.|last2=Chown|first2=S. L.|last3=Whinam|first3=J.|last4=Selkirk|first4=P. M.|last5=Convey|first5=P.|last6=Skotnicki|first6=M.|last7=Bergstrom|first7=D. M.|s2cid=5574897|journal=Biological Reviews|date=2005|volume=80|issue=1|pages=45–72|doi=10.1017/S1464793104006542|pmid=15727038|doi-access=free}}</ref> E so pusi kilavale e rawa ni rawati vinaka na veimaliwai ka ‘vakabulabulataki tale’ me baleta na veisusu; pusi gone, vakabibi na pusi gone<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Medina|first1=F. M.|last2=Bonnaud|first2=E.|last3=Vidal|first3=E.|last4=Tershy|first4=B. R.|author-link5=Erika Zavaleta|last5=Zavaleta|first5=E.|last6=Josh Donlan|first6=C.|last7=Keitt|first7=B. S.|last8=Le Corre|first8=M.|last9=Horwath|first9=S. V.|last10=Nogales|first10=M.|date=2011|title=A global review of the impacts of invasive cats on island endangered vertebrates|journal=Global Change Biology|volume=17|issue=11|pages=3503–3510|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02464.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.701.4082|bibcode=2011GCBio..17.3503M|s2cid=323316}}</ref> kei pusi era sa sotava oti kei na veitaratara kei na tamata era sa ciqoma vakalevu duadua na sasaga oqo. === Kena revurevu ena manumanu kila === Ena yanuyanu, na vuka e rawa ni cau me vaka na 60% kakana ni pusi.<ref name="Fitzgerald">{{Cite book|last1=Fitzgerald|first1=M. B.|title=The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour|last2=Turner|first2=D. C.|editor=Turner & Bateson|pages=151–175|chapter=Hunting Behaviour of Domestic Cats and Their Impact on Prey Populations|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Voleka ni veigauna kece, na pusi e sega ni rawa ni kilai me vaka na vuna duadua ga ni kena vakalailaitaki na iwiliwili ni manumanu vuka ni yanuyanu, kei na so na gauna, na kena vakarusai na pusi sa vakavuna e dua na "veimama manumanu dauvakacaca sereki" na kena revurevu; ena vanua e vakavuna kina na kena vakamalumalumutaki na manumanu daukana e cake e dua na levu ni manumanu lalai ka vakavuna na lutu levu ni nodra manumanu wasei. Na pusi ni vale e dua na ka e vakavuna na kena sa lutu sobu tiko e vuqa na mataqali manumanu, e dua na ka e sa qai mai vakavuna, ena so na gauna, me ra yali yani. Eso na vuka vanua e dau ni [[Niusiladi]]<ref name="Mead 1982 183–186" /> , kei na na kisi bibi duadua sai koya na sega ni vuka [[wren ni Yatu Stephens]] (''Traversia lyalli''), ka a vakavuna me yali yani ni oti ga e vica na yabaki na kena kunei.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Review of Feral Cat Eradication on Islands|last1=Nogales|first1=M.|last2=Martin|first2=A.|last3=Tershy|first3=B. R.|last4=Donlan|first4=C. J.|last5=Veitch|first5=D.|last6=Uerta|first6=N.|last7=Wood|first7=B.|last8=Alonso|first8=J.|journal=Conservation Biology|date=2004|volume=18|issue=2|pages=310–319|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00442.x|hdl=10261/22249|s2cid=11594286|url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|hdl-access=free|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206034647/https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> E dua pusi kilavale ena Niusiladi vakamatei o 102 [[bati lailai na kena gusu lekaleka ni Niusiladi]] (''Mystacina tuberculata'') ena vitu na siga.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Spatio-temporal variation in cat population density in a sub-Antarctic environment|last=Say|first=L.|journal=Polar Biology|date=2002|volume=25|issue=2|pages=90–95|doi=10.1007/s003000100316|s2cid=22448763}}</ref> Ena Amerika, na pusi kilavale kei na galala-vakamatei e dua na vakasama 6.3 &#x2013; 22.3 bilioni na manumanu susu ena veiyabaki.<ref name="NC012913" /> E [[Ositerelia]], na kena revurevu na pusi ena iwiliwili ni manumanu susu e levu cake sara mai na kena revurevu ni kena vakayali na vanua ni bula.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-reviews_2005-02_80_1/page/n46|last1=Frenot|first1=Y.|last2=Chown|first2=S. L.|last3=Whinam|first3=J.|last4=Selkirk|first4=P. M.|last5=Convey|first5=P.|last6=Skotnicki|first6=M.|last7=Bergstrom|first7=D. M.|s2cid=5574897|journal=Biological Reviews|date=2005|volume=80|issue=1|pages=45–72|doi=10.1017/S1464793104006542|pmid=15727038|doi-access=free}}</ref> E sivia e dua na milioni na qasi era dau vakamatea na pusi kila ena veisiga, e vakatayaloyalotaka na 258 species.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Medina|first1=F. M.|last2=Bonnaud|first2=E.|last3=Vidal|first3=E.|last4=Tershy|first4=B. R.|author-link5=Erika Zavaleta|last5=Zavaleta|first5=E.|last6=Josh Donlan|first6=C.|last7=Keitt|first7=B. S.|last8=Le Corre|first8=M.|last9=Horwath|first9=S. V.|last10=Nogales|first10=M.|date=2011|title=A global review of the impacts of invasive cats on island endangered vertebrates|journal=Global Change Biology|volume=17|issue=11|pages=3503–3510|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02464.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.701.4082|bibcode=2011GCBio..17.3503M|s2cid=323316}}</ref> Pusi era sa vakavuna na kena vakarusai na ''[[Leiocephalus eremitus]]'' kei ''[[Chioninia coctei]].''<ref name="contr-ext2">{{Cite journal|last1=Doherty|first1=T. S.|last2=Glen|first2=A. S.|last3=Nimmo|first3=D. G.|last4=Ritchie|first4=E. G.|last5=Dickman|first5=C. R.|name-list-style=amp|date=2016|title=Invasive predators and global biodiversity loss|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=113|issue=40|pages=11261–11265|doi=10.1073/pnas.1602480113|pmc=5056110|pmid=27638204|bibcode=2016PNAS..11311261D|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Veitikina == <references /> [[Category:Felidae]] n562wcxqrcv7982blv53fb53xv7u0pp 0 9846 38918 38548 2026-11-08T00:01:10Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 38918 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Panorámica Guadalajara desde edificio Bansi hacia norte (cropped).jpg|thumb|400x400px|Guadalajara laini ni lomalagi]] Na '''Guadalajara''' na koroturaga kei siti<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/guadalajara |title=Guadalajara or Guadalahara |website=Dictionary.com |access-date=12 February 2021 |archive-date=8 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408060753/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/guadalajara |url-status=live }}</ref> levu duadua ena ra [[Mekisiko]] yasana o [[Jalisco]], ka vakakina na munisipaliti levu duadua e Jalisco. Me vaka na wiliwili ni 2020, na siti oqo e tiko kina e dua na iwiliwili ni tamata 1,385,629, ka yaco kina me ika 8 ni siti levu duadua e Mekisiko, ia na vanua ni korolevu o Guadalajara e tiko kina e dua na iwiliwili ni 5,268,642,<ref name="jalisco-gob">{{cite web|title=Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara|url=https://www.jalisco.gob.mx/es/jalisco/guadalajara|website=Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco|access-date=1 February 2021|language=es|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117002317/https://www.jalisco.gob.mx/es/jalisco/guadalajara|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="census2020-scitel">{{cite web|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/scitel/Default?ev=9|title=Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 - SCITEL|language=es|access-date=2021-02-01|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164521/https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/scitel/Default?ev=9|url-status=live}}</ref> ka vakavuna me ikatolu ni koro levu duadua ena vanua kei na matanitu ena ruasagavulu karua ni vanua levu duadua e Amerika.<ref name="conapo.gob.mx">{{cite web|url=http://www.conapo.gob.mx/publicaciones/dzm2005/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506013007/http://www.conapo.gob.mx/publicaciones/dzm2005/index.htm|url-status=dead|title=Conapo.gob.mx|archive-date=May 6, 2009}}</ref> Guadalajara e ikarua ni levu duadua na iwiliwili ni tamata e Mekisiko ka sivia na 10,361 na tamata ena dua na km2, sivia ga na [[Siti Mekisiko|Siti]] [[Siti Mekisiko|Mekisiko]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Juan Carlos Aceros Gualdron|url=http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-194-06.htm|title=Scripta Nova|website=Ub.es|access-date=2010-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706083350/http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-194-06.htm|archive-date=2010-07-06|url-status=live}}</ref> Ena loma ni Mekisiko, Guadalajara e dua na vanua ni bisinisi, droini kei na itovo vakavanua, tekinolaji kei na saravanua; ka vakakina na vanua ni bula vakailavo ni yasana o [[Bajío]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Juan Carlos Aceros Gualdron|url=http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-194-06.htm|title=Scripta Nova|website=Ub.es|access-date=2010-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706083350/http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-194-06.htm|archive-date=2010-07-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informador.com.mx/economia/2015/583574/6/estados-del-bajio-crecen-a-ritmo-asiatico-banamex.htm|title=Estados del Bajío crecen a ritmo asiático: Banamex|work=[[Informador]]|access-date=2016-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319103657/http://www.informador.com.mx/economia/2015/583574/6/estados-del-bajio-crecen-a-ritmo-asiatico-banamex.htm|archive-date=2017-03-19|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CityMajorStatics">{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|title=City Mayors reviews the richest cities in the world in 2005|website=Citymayors.com|date=2007-03-11|access-date=2010-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|archive-date=2012-09-18|url-status=live}}</ref> E dau ranks ena maliwa ni 100 na koro lelevu duadua ka veisisivi e vuravura raraba e vuravura.<ref>{{cite web|author=Juan Carlos Aceros Gualdron|url=http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-194-06.htm|title=Scripta Nova|website=Ub.es|access-date=2010-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706083350/http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-194-06.htm|archive-date=2010-07-06|url-status=live}}</ref> E tiko kina e vuqa na vanua vakasakiti, oka kina na [[Valenilotu Levu o Guadalajara]], [[Valenisarasara na Degollado]], [[Templo Expiatorio]], Na [[vanua iyau ni Vuravura ni UNESCO]] [[Hospicio Cabañas]], kei makete ni San Juan de Dios — na [[Makete loma ni vale|makete levu duadua ni loma ni vale]] e Amerika Vaka-Latina.<ref name="TRA">{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2014/impreso/san-juan-de-dios-el-tepito-tapatio-94013.html|title=San Juan de Dios, el Tepito tapatío|work=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]]|date=March 2014|access-date=2020-03-15|archive-date=2015-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101063750/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2014/impreso/san-juan-de-dios-el-tepito-tapatio-94013.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Juan Carlos Aceros Gualdron|url=http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-194-06.htm|title=Scripta Nova|website=Ub.es|access-date=2010-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706083350/http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-194-06.htm|archive-date=2010-07-06|url-status=live}}</ref> == Veitikina == {{reflist}} [[Category:Siti (Mekisiko)]] mmw82tnxvpvs6c3bkuv6fysry0zuxsm 0 10047 38920 36503 2026-11-08T00:11:47Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 38920 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suwitisiladi''', vakamatanitu na '''Matabose ni Suwitisiladi''', e dua na vanua vakavolivolita ka tiko ena tokalau-lomadonu kei [[Iurope]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Berner|first1=Elizabeth Kay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRDbbGQP0xgC&pg=PA194|title=Global Environment: Water, Air, and Geochemical Cycles – Second Edition|last2=Berner|first2=Robert A.|date=22 April 2012|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4276-6|language=en|access-date=23 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922021612/https://books.google.com/books?id=bRDbbGQP0xgC&pg=PA194|archive-date=22 September 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> E iyalayala kei [[Itali]] ena ceva, [[Varanise]] ena tokalau, [[Jamani]] ena vualiku, kei [[Ositiria]] kei [[Liketini]] ena tokalau. Suwitisiladi e wasei vakaitikotiko ena maliwa ni [[vanua cecere ni Suwitisiladi]], na [[Alps]] kei [[Jura]]; na Alps e taukena na iwase levu ni vanua, ia e levu vei ira na voleka ni 9 milioni na tamata ena vanua era vakaitikotiko ena vanua cecere, ka vakaitikotiko kina na kena veikoro lelevu kei na veivanua ni bula vakailavo, oka kina o [[Zuriki]], [[Jeneva]], kei [[Losani]].<ref name="20min.ch">{{Cite web|title=BFS: 9 Millionen Menschen in der Schweiz – 20 Minuten|date=20 September 2023|url=https://www.20min.ch/story/bundesamt-fuer-statistik-nun-leben-offiziell-9-millionen-menschen-in-der-schweiz-980611863297|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922021614/https://www.20min.ch/story/bundesamt-fuer-statistik-nun-leben-offiziell-9-millionen-menschen-in-der-schweiz-980611863297|archive-date=22 September 2023|access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref> Suwitisiladi e dua na federale ripabuliki ka lewena na 26 kanitoni, vata federale vakailesilesi yavutaki ena [[Bern]].<ref name="Bundesstadt">{{HDS|10102|Federal city|author=Georg Kreis|date=20 March 2015}}</ref> E va na vanua levu ni vosa kei na itovo vakavanua: Jamani, Varanise, Itali kei Vakaroma. Dina ga ni levu na vaka-Suwitisiladi era vosa vaka-Jamani, na ivakatakilakila ni matanitu e dodonu me duavata, ni sa vakayavutaki ena dua na itukutuku makawa, na veika e wasei me vaka na [[federalisimi]] kei [[demokarasi vakadodonu]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vatter|first=Adrian|url=http://www.nomos-shop.de/Vatter-politische-System-Schweiz/productview.aspx?product=21055|title=Das politische System der Schweiz|publisher=UTB Verlag|year=2014|isbn=978-3-8252-4011-0|series=Studienkurs Politikwissenschaft|location=Baden-Baden|language=de|trans-title=The Political System of Switzerland|access-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222105727/http://www.nomos-shop.de/Vatter-politische-System-Schweiz/productview.aspx?product=21055|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> kei na Alpine ivakatakarakara.<ref name="Zimmer-2004">{{Cite journal|last=Zimmer|first=Oliver|date=12 January 2004|title=In Search of Natural Identity: Alpine Landscape and the Reconstruction of the Swiss Nation|journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History|location=London|volume=40|issue=4|pages=637–665|doi=10.1017/S0010417598001686|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024|s2cid=146259022|orig-year=originally published: October 1998}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Lang|first=Josef|date=14 December 2015|title=Die Alpen als Ideologie|url=http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schweiz/standard/die-alpen-als-ideologie/story/22155483|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215013611/http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schweiz/standard/die-alpen-als-ideologie/story/22155483|archive-date=15 December 2015|access-date=14 December 2015|work=[[Tages-Anzeiger]]|location=Zurich, Switzerland|language=de}}</ref> vaka-Suwitisiladi na ivakatakilakila e sivia na vosa, matatamata, kei vakalotu, e vakavuna me vakamacalataki kina o Suwitisiladi me dua na ''{{Lang|de|Willensnation}}'' ("matanitu ni lomasoli") ka sega ni dua na [[matanitu vanua]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schmock|first=Nico|url=https://www.grin.com/document/454871|title=Die Schweiz als "Willensnation"? Die Kernelemente des Schweizer Selbstverständnisses|date=30 January 2019|publisher=GRIN Verlag|isbn=978-3-668-87199-1|language=de|access-date=4 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122160456/https://www.grin.com/document/454871|archive-date=22 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg|thumb|Kulia ni Suwitisiladi]] == Veitikina == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Suwitisiladi]] 592ikcuj8jkdakl0njwvbjhk3i42qv8