Vicipéid gawiki https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomhleathanach MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Meán Speisialta Plé Úsáideoir Plé úsáideora Vicipéid Plé Vicipéide Íomhá Plé íomhá MediaWiki Plé MediaWiki Teimpléad Plé teimpléid Cabhair Plé cabhrach Catagóir Plé catagóire TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5319 1330567 1318898 2026-10-24T21:43:47Z TGcoa 21229 1330567 wikitext text/x-wiki In [[Éirinn]], acht nó dlí de chuid an [[An tOireachtas|Oireachtais]], a bhfuil [[Dáil Éireann]] agus [[Seanad Éireann]] mar chuid de. De réir [[Bunreacht na hÉireann|Bhunreacht na hÉireann]], caithfidh [[Uachtarán na hÉireann]] a lorg láimhe a chur ar reacht ionas go rachaidh an dlí i bhfeidhm. {{Síol}} [[Catagóir:Dlí]] rq6pkciswmzdnc4uuv7rf2sintiz9we 0 5842 1330569 1284768 2026-10-24T22:03:56Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1330569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Deireadh Fómhair}} Is é an '''24 Deireadh Fómhair''' an 297ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 298ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 68 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[An tSaimbia]] - ''Lá na Saoirse'' == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1633]] — [[Séamas II agus VII]], rí Shasana, Albain agus Éireann (b. [[1701]]) * [[1844]] — [[Karl Lueger]], polaiteoir Ostarach (b. [[1910]]) * [[1872]] — [[Peter O'Connor (lúthchleasaí)|Peter O'Connor]], lúthchleasaí Éireannach (b. [[1957]]) * [[1882]] — [[Sybil Thorndike]], ban-aisteoir Briotanach (b .[[1976]]) * [[1891]] — [[Rafael Trujillo]], deachtóir ar an bPoblacht Dhoiminiceach (b.[[1961]]) * [[1930]] — [[Jack Angel]], guthaisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2021]]) * [[1931]] — [[Lee E. McMahon]], ríomheolaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1989]]) * [[1932]] — [[Robert Mundell]], eacnamaí Ceanadach (b. [[1999]]) * [[1939]] — [[F. Murray Abraham]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1947]] — [[Kevin Kline]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1954]] — [[Malcolm Turnbull]], polaiteoir, dlíodóir, agus fear gnó Astrálach agus 29ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile * [[1954]] — [[Mike Rounds]], polaiteoir Meiriceánach * [[1956]] — [[Jeff Merkley]], polaiteoir Meiriceánach * [[1959]] — [[Michelle Lujan Grisham]], polaiteoir Meiriceánach * [[1967]] — [[Esther McVey]], polaiteoir Briotanach * [[1973]] — [[Billy Woods]], imreoir sacair Éireannach * [[1982]] — [[Griogair Labhruidh]], amhránaí traidisiúnta Gaelach * [[1985]] — [[Wayne Rooney]], imreoir sacair Sasanach * [[1986]] — [[John Ruddy]], imreoir sacair Sasanach * [[1989]] — [[PewDiePie]], taibheoir YouTube Sualannach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[996]] — [[Hugues Capet na Fraince]], rí na Fraince (r.~940) * [[1593]] — [[Arthur Grey, 14ú Barún Gray de Wilton]], uasal Sasanach (r. [[1536]]) * [[1601]] — [[Tycho Brahe]], réalteolaí (r.[[1546]]) * [[1664]] — [[Dómhnall Ó Néill|Domhnall Ó Néill]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r ~1612) * [[1799]] — [[Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf]], 59, cumadóir ceoil (r.[[1739]]) * [[1842]] — [[Bernardo O'Higgins]], trodaí ar son neamhspleáchas na Sile (r. [[1778]]) * [[1847]] — [[James MacCullagh]], matamaiticeoir Éireannach (r. [[1809]]) * [[1869]] — [[Joseph Jackson Lister]], fisiceoir Briotanach (r. [[1786]]) * [[1917]] — [[Ivan Goremykin]], polaiteoir Rúiseach (r. [[1839]]) * [[1922]] — [[George Cadbury]], fear gnó Sasanach (r. [[1839]]) * [[1957]] — [[Christian Dior]], dearthóir faisin Francach (r. [[1905]]) * [[1983]] — [[Anthony Barry]], fear gnó agus polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1901]]) * [[1984]] — [[Tomás Laighléis]], seanchaí as Mionlach, Contae na Gaillimhe (r. [[1895]]) * [[1985]] — [[László Biró]], ceapadóir Ungárach (r. [[1899]]) * [[1991]] — [[Gene Roddenberry]], léiritheoir teilifíse (r.[[1921]]) * [[2001]] — [[Eamon Kelly]], aisteoir Éireannach (r. [[1914]]) * [[2005]] — [[Rosa Parks]], 92, gníomhaíoch cearta sibhialta (r.[[1913]]) * [[2010]] — [[Carey Joyce]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1922]]) * [[2011]] — [[John McCarthy]], ríomheolaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1927]]) * [[2015]] — [[Maureen O'Hara]], ban-aisteoir agus amhránaí Gael-Mheiriceánach (r. [[1920]]) * [[2021]] — [[James Michael Tyler]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1962]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1260]] - Tiomnaíodh [[Ardeaglais Chartres]] * [[1641]] - D'eisigh [[Féilim Ó Néill]] a fhorógra Dhún gCanann a dhlisteanaigh an [[Éirí Amach 1641|Éirí Amach]] agus a fhógair dílseacht do [[Séarlas I, Rí Shasana, na hÉireann agus na hAlban|Shéarlas II]] * [[1923]] - [[Cliseadh Wall Street 1929|An Déardaoin Dubh]]: Tháinig scaoll sa [[Stocmhalartán|stocmhargadh]] i [[Nua-Eabhrac (cathair)|Nua-Eabhrac]] agus chlis praghsanna * [[1945]] - Bunaíodh na [[Náisiúin Aontaithe]] tar éis an [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] * [[1964]] - Bhain Tuaisceart Rhóidéis neamhspleáchas amach mar [[An tSaimbia|Phoblacht na Saimbia]] * [[2003]] - Tháinig deireadh le seirbhís paisinéirí [[Concorde]] * [[2025]] - Reáchtáladh [[Toghchán Uachtaránachta na hÉireann 2025]] a bhuaigh [[Catherine Connolly]] le 63.36% den vóta [[Catagóir:Dátaí|1024]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Deireadh Fómhair, 24]] iql3mp60xddlqrjkmzso84aqo1myyuw 0 11218 1330568 1330426 2026-10-24T21:49:30Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1330568 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Amiga 1000 system with sidecar.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Ríomhaire pearsanta Commodore Amiga 1000 in éineacht lena mhonatóir, lena thiomántán diosca agus lena aonad leathnaithe|Ríomhaire pearsanta Commodore Amiga 1000 agus a chuid gléasanna forimeallacha, sampla de ríomhaire pearsanta ó na 1980idí.]] Is éard is '''ríomhaire''' ann ná meaisín in-ríomhchláraithe a phróiseálann sonraí de réir treoracha, ar a dtugtar [[ríomhchlár]] nó clár ríomhaireachta, agus a thugann torthaí amach nó a stórálann iad. I ngnáthríomhaire digiteach, déantar na sonraí agus na treoracha a léiriú mar luachanna dénártha, is é sin, mar sheichimh de ghiotáin a bhfuil luach 0 nó 1 ag gach ceann acu.<ref name="Sonoma">[https://bob.cs.sonoma.edu/IntroCompOrg-x64/bookch1.html Chapter 1: Introduction], ábhar teagaisc ar eagrú ríomhairí, Ollscoil Stáit Sonoma.</ref> Is féidir ríomhaire a úsáid chun ríomhaireachtaí matamaiticiúla a dhéanamh, faisnéis a stóráil agus a chuardach, cumarsáid a dhéanamh, íomhánna agus fuaimeanna a phróiseáil, nó trealamh eile a rialú. Braitheann na cúraimí is féidir leis a dhéanamh ar a chuid crua-earraí agus bogearraí. Tá ríomhairí ar fáil i mórán foirmeacha, ó ghléasanna beaga leabaithe i dtrealamh tí go ríomhairí pearsanta, freastalaithe agus sár-ríomhairí.<ref name="Emory">[https://math.oxford.emory.edu/site/cs170/intro/ Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java], Coláiste Oxford in Ollscoil Emory.</ref> == Cineálacha ríomhairí == Is féidir ríomhairí a rangú de réir a méide, a gcumhachta próiseála, a n-úsáide nó a ndeartha. Ní bhíonn na catagóirí sin eisiach óna chéile: d'fhéadfadh ríomhaire amháin a bheith ina ríomhaire pearsanta, ina mhicriríomhaire agus ina ríomhaire leabaithe ag brath ar an gcomhthéacs ina mbaintear úsáid as. * '''[[Ríomhaire pearsanta|Ríomhairí pearsanta]]''': ríomhairí atá ceaptha go príomha lena n-úsáid ag duine amháin ag an am. Áirítear orthu ríomhairí deisce agus ríomhairí glúine. * '''Ríomhairí stáisiúin oibre''': ríomhairí pearsanta atá cumhachtach go leor le haghaidh obair ghairmiúil nó theicniúil, amhail dearadh ríomhchuidithe, insamhlú agus próiseáil grafaice. * '''[[Freastalaí (ríomhaireacht)|Freastalaithe]]''': ríomhairí a chuireann seirbhísí, sonraí nó acmhainní ar fáil do ríomhairí eile ar líonra. * '''[[Mór-ríomhaire lárnach|Mór-ríomhairí]]''': córais chumhachtacha a úsáidtear go minic chun líon mór idirbheart agus taifead a phróiseáil, mar shampla i mbainc agus in institiúidí móra. * '''[[Sár-ríomhaire|Sár-ríomhairí]]''': córais atá deartha chun ríomhaireachtaí an-dian a dhéanamh, go minic trí líon mór próiseálaithe a úsáid i gcomhar lena chéile. Úsáidtear iad i réimsí amhail samhaltú aeráide, taighde eolaíoch agus insamhlú fisiciúil. * '''[[Ríomhaire boise|Ríomhairí soghluaiste]]''': ríomhairí ar féidir iad a iompar go héasca, amhail ríomhairí táibléid agus fóin chliste. * '''[[Ríomhaire leabaithe|Ríomhairí leabaithe]]''': córais ríomhaireachta atá mar chuid de ghléas nó de mheaisín eile agus atá deartha le haghaidh cúraimí ar leith. Tá siad le fáil, mar shampla, i gcarranna, i gceamaraí digiteacha, i róbait thionsclaíocha agus i bhfearais tí. Is é an gnáthríomhaire digiteach leictreonach an cineál is coitianta sa lá atá inniu ann. Bhí ríomhairí analógacha, a dhéanann ríomhaireachtaí trí chainníochtaí fisiciúla leanúnacha a léiriú, tábhachtach freisin i stair na ríomhaireachta agus úsáidtear córais analógacha agus dhigiteacha i bhfeidhmeanna éagsúla fós.<ref name="Copeland">B. Jack Copeland, [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computing-history/ ''The Modern History of Computing''], ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.</ref> == Stair == === Réamhtheachtaithe an ríomhaire === Is deacair stair an ríomhaire a scaradh ó stair na n-áireamhán, na n-uirlisí ríofa agus na meaisíní in-ríomhchláraithe. Ní féidir meaisín amháin a ainmniú mar an chéad ríomhaire gan a shonrú cén cineál ríomhaire atá i gceist: d'fhéadfadh meaisín a bheith digiteach ach gan a bheith ilchuspóireach, nó d'fhéadfadh sé a bheith in-ríomhchláraithe ach gan ríomhchlár a stóráil ina chuimhne. Dá bhrí sin, bíonn éagsúlacht sna freagraí ar an gceist cé acu meaisín ba thúisce a bhí ina ríomhaire.<ref name="Firsts">Computer History Museum, [https://computerhistory.org/blog/the-neverending-quest-for-firsts/ ''The Neverending Quest for “Firsts”''].</ref> Sa bhliain 1801, chuir an ceardaí Francach [[Joseph Marie Jacquard]] córas cártaí pollta in úsáid i seol fíodóireachta. D'fhéadfaí patrún na bpoll sna cártaí a úsáid chun oibríochtaí an tseola a rialú go huathoibríoch. Níor ríomhaire ginearálta a bhí sa tseol, ach ba réamhtheachtaí tábhachtach í an smaoineamh go bhféadfaí sraith treoracha a thabhairt do mheaisín.<ref name="Emory" /> Sa bhliain 1837, rinne an matamaiticeoir Sasanach [[Charles Babbage]] cur síos ar an Meaisín Anailíseach (''Analytical Engine''), meaisín meicniúil a bhí ceaptha chun ríomhaireachtaí éagsúla a dhéanamh de réir clár. Bhí sé i gceist go mbeadh aonad ann chun ríomhaireachtaí a dhéanamh, cuimhne chun uimhreacha a stóráil, agus modhanna ionchuir agus aschuir. Níor tógadh an meaisín iomlán le linn shaol Babbage, áfach. Scríobh [[Ada Lovelace]] nótaí ina ndearna sí cur síos ar nósanna imeachta ríomhaireachtúla a d'fhéadfaí a chur i gcrích leis dá mbeadh sé tógtha.<ref name="Emory" /> Sa bhliain 1890, bhain an t-aireagóir Meiriceánach [[Herman Hollerith]] leas as meaisíní táblúcháin agus cártaí pollta chun sonraí daonáirimh na Stát Aontaithe a phróiseáil. Chabhraigh forbairt na meaisíní seo le próiseáil uathoibríoch sonraí a chur chun cinn. Bhí an comhlacht Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, a bunaíodh in 1911, ar cheann de réamhtheachtaithe [[IBM]].<ref name="Copeland" /> === Na chéad ríomhairí digiteacha === Le linn na 1930idí agus na 1940idí, rinneadh forbairtí éagsúla ar ríomhairí meicniúla, leictrimheicniúla agus leictreonacha. Bhí na meaisíní éagsúil ó thaobh a gcuspóirí, a n-in-ríomhchláraitheachta agus a gcumas sonraí agus treoracha a stóráil. Níor tháinig an coincheap nua-aimseartha den ríomhaire chun cinn in aon aireagán amháin, ach trí fhorbairtí éagsúla a tháinig le chéile de réir a chéile.<ref name="Firsts" /><ref name="Copeland" /> I measc na meaisíní ba shuntasaí bhí na cinn seo a leanas: * '''[[Z3 (ríomhaire)|Z3]]''': ríomhaire leictrimheicniúil a chríochnaigh an t-innealtóir Gearmánach [[Konrad Zuse]] sa bhliain 1941. Bhí sé in ann oibríochtaí uimhríochta a dhéanamh go huathoibríoch agus clár a léamh ó théip sheachtrach. Bhí roinnt saintréithe ag baint leis a bhí cosúil le saintréithe ríomhairí nua-aimseartha, cé nach raibh gach gné de ríomhaire ginearálta nua-aimseartha ann.<ref name="Zuse">Konrad Zuse Internet Archive, [https://zuse.zib.de/z3 ''Z3''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260927134654/https://zuse.zib.de/z3 |date=2026-09-27 }}.</ref> * '''[[Ríomhaire Atanasoff–Berry|Ríomhaire Atanasoff–Berry]]''': meaisín leictreonach digiteach a d'fhorbair John Atanasoff agus Clifford Berry idir 1939 agus 1942. Dearadh é chun córais chothromóidí líneacha a réiteach. Cé gur léirigh sé smaointe tábhachtacha i ríomhaireacht dhigiteach, ní raibh sé ina ríomhaire ginearálta in-ríomhchláraithe.<ref name="ABC">Computer History Museum, [https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1942/ ''The Atanasoff-Berry Computer''].</ref> * '''[[Colossus (ríomhaire)|Colossus]]''': sraith de ríomhairí leictreonacha digiteacha a forbraíodh sa Bhreatain le linn an Dara Cogadh Domhanda chun cabhrú le hanailís a dhéanamh ar theachtaireachtaí criptithe na Gearmáine. Bhí na meaisíní rúnda ag an am agus bhí a gcuspóirí níos sainiúla ná cuspóirí ríomhairí ginearálta an lae inniu.<ref name="Copeland" /> * '''[[Harvard Mark I]]''': ríomhaire mór leictrimheicniúil a críochnaíodh sa bhliain 1944 agus a dearadh chun sraith ríomhaireachtaí a chur i gcrích go huathoibríoch. * '''[[ENIAC]]''': ríomhaire leictreonach digiteach a forbraíodh sna Stáit Aontaithe agus a críochnaíodh in 1945. Bhí sé deartha chun ríomhaireachtaí ginearálta a dhéanamh, ach ba ghá a chiorcaid a athshreangú go mór chun tasc nua a chumrú ar dtús.<ref name="Firsts" /><ref name="Copeland" /> === An ríomhchlár stóráilte agus an micreaphróiseálaí === Céim mhór i bhforbairt an ríomhaire ba ea an smaoineamh go bhféadfaí treoracha ríomhchláir agus sonraí a stóráil i gcuimhne an mheaisín agus iad a léamh agus a phróiseáil go huathoibríoch. Tháinig an smaoineamh seo chun cinn trí obair roinnt taighdeoirí agus innealtóirí. Chuir John von Neumann síos ar dhearadh ríomhaire stóráilte inar féidir treoracha agus sonraí a láimhseáil sa chóras céanna; bhí tionchar suntasach ag an dearadh sin ar ailtireacht ríomhairí ina dhiaidh sin.<ref name="Copeland" /> Sa bhliain 1948, rinne an Small-Scale Experimental Machine, ar a dtugtar an ''Manchester Baby'', ríomhchlár a bhí stóráilte i gcuimhne leictreonach a fhorghníomhú. [[Íomhá:Manchester baby head on.JPG|mion|deas|alt=Atógáil den ríomhaire Manchester Baby i músaem|Atógáil den ríomhaire Manchester Baby i Músaem Eolaíochta agus Tionscail Mhanchain.]] Ina dhiaidh sin, críochnaíodh ríomhairí eile a bhí bunaithe ar an gcur chuige stóráilte, lena n-áirítear EDSAC in Ollscoil Cambridge sa bhliain 1949.<ref name="Copeland" /> Bhí ríomhairí na 1950idí ag brath go mór ar fholúsfheadáin. De réir mar a tháinig trasraitheoirí agus ciorcaid iomlánaithe chun cinn, d'fhéadfaí ríomhairí a dhéanamh níos lú agus níos iontaofa, agus a n-ídiú cumhachta a laghdú. [[Íomhá:Intel C4004.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Micreaphróiseálaí Intel 4004 i bpacáiste ceirmeach le teagmhálacha miotail|Micreaphróiseálaí Intel 4004, a tugadh isteach in 1971.]] Sa bhliain 1971, tugadh an Intel 4004 isteach mar mhicreaphróiseálaí tráchtála luath a chomhtháthaigh feidhmeanna lárnacha próiseála ar aon tslis amháin.<ref name="Microprocessor">Computer History Museum, [https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/microprocessor-integrates-cpu-function-onto-a-single-chip/ ''1971: Microprocessor Integrates CPU Function onto a Single Chip''], ''The Silicon Engine''.</ref> Tháinig ríomhairí pearsanta ar an margadh níos forleithne sna 1970idí, agus baineadh úsáid níos coitianta astu sa bhaile agus san ionad oibre sna blianta ina dhiaidh sin. Bhí na ríomhairí sin ag brath ar mhicreaphróiseálaithe, rud a d'fhág gur fhéadfaí córais ríomhaireachta a dhéanamh i bhfad níos lú agus níos inacmhainne ná go leor de na meaisíní móra a bhí rompu. Tháinig an IBM Personal Computer ar an margadh sa bhliain 1981 agus chabhraigh sé le húsáid an ríomhaire phearsanta mar uirlis ghnó a dhaingniú.<ref name="PersonalComputers">Computer History Museum, [https://www.computerhistory.org/brochures/personal-computers/ ''Personal Computers''], ''Selling the Computer Revolution''.</ref> === Líonrú agus ríomhairí comhaimseartha === D'athraigh líonrú ríomhairí an dóigh a roinntear sonraí agus acmhainní. Thosaigh ARPANET, líonra a forbraíodh le tacaíocht ó ARPA, ag feidhmiú sa bhliain 1969. Ceanglaíodh ríomhairí in ollscoileanna agus in institiúidí taighde lena chéile de réir mar a d'fhorbair an líonra.<ref name="ARPANET">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), [https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/arpanet ''ARPANET''].</ref> D'fhorbair prótacail TCP/IP chun cumarsáid a éascú idir líonraí éagsúla. Ba chéim thábhachtach í glacadh TCP/IP mar chaighdeán ar ARPANET sa bhliain 1983. Tháinig an tIdirlíon chun cinn mar líonra de líonraí, agus leathnaigh a úsáid go tapa sna 1990idí.<ref name="TCPIP">DARPA, [https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/tcp-ip ''TCP/IP''].</ref><ref name="Cerf">Vint Cerf, [https://www.internetsociety.org/internet/history-internet/brief-history-internet-related-networks/ ''A Brief History of the Internet & Related Networks''], Internet Society.</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann, tá ríomhairí le fáil i mbeagnach gach réimse den saol teicniúil agus eacnamaíoch. Chomh maith le ríomhairí pearsanta agus freastalaithe, tá próiseálaithe leabaithe i ngléasanna nach meastar mar ríomhairí de ghnáth, mar shampla gluaisteáin, trealamh leighis agus fearais tí. == Ailtireacht ríomhaire == Tagraíonn ailtireacht ríomhaire do dhearadh bunúsach córais ríomhaireachta, lena n-áirítear an dóigh a ndéantar treoracha a ionchódú, a fhorghníomhú agus sonraí a bhogadh idir comhpháirteanna. I ngnáthchóras digiteach, is minic a dhéantar idirdhealú idir an láraonad próiseála, an chuimhne agus gléasanna ionchuir agus aschuir. Bíonn stóras fadtéarmach agus comhpháirteanna eile ag formhór na gcóras chomh maith.<ref name="Sonoma" /> [[Íomhá:Information processing system (english).svg|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid shimplithe a léiríonn ionchur faisnéise, próiseáil agus aschur|Léaráid den timthriall bunúsach ionchuir, próiseála agus aschuir; tá na lipéid sa léaráid i mBéarla.]] === An láraonad próiseála === [[Íomhá:CPU block diagram.svg|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid de na príomhchodanna de láraonad próiseála agus de na naisc idir iad|Léaráid shimplithe den láraonad próiseála, lena n-áirítear na cláir inmheánacha, an t-aonad loighce agus uimhríochta agus an comhéadan cuimhne. Tá lipéid na léaráide i mBéarla.]] Is é an '''[[Láraonad próiseála|láraonad próiseála]]''' (LAP; CPU as Béarla) an phríomhchomhpháirt a fhorghníomhaíonn treoracha ríomhchláir. Áirítear ar a chomhpháirteanna lárnacha an t-aonad rialúcháin, an t-aonad loighce agus uimhríochta, agus tacar clár inmheánach ar a dtugtar taifid nó tabhaill. Ní hionann an LAP agus an ríomhaire iomlán: teastaíonn cuimhne, ionchur agus aschur, agus comhpháirteanna eile ón gcóras chun obair phraiticiúil a dhéanamh.<ref name="Sonoma" /> Léann an t-aonad rialúcháin treoracha agus díchódaíonn sé iad ionas gur féidir leis an bpróiseálaí iad a chur i gcrích. I gcur síos simplí ar fheidhmiú an LAP, tarraingítear an chéad treoir eile as an gcuimhne, díchódaítear í, agus déantar an oibríocht a iarrann sí. Ansin, leanann an próiseálaí ar aghaidh leis an gcéad treoir eile, mura n-ordaíonn an ríomhchlár léim chuig áit eile. Déanann próiseálaithe nua-aimseartha roinnt céimeanna den obair seo ar bhealaí níos casta chun feidhmíocht a fheabhsú.<ref name="Sonoma" /> Déanann an t-aonad loighce agus uimhríochta (ALU) oibríochtaí amhail suimiú, dealú, comparáidí agus oibríochtaí loighce. Bíonn oibríochtaí áirithe, mar shampla ríomhaireachtaí ar uimhreacha snámhphointe nó ar shonraí grafaice, á gcur i gcrích ag aonaid speisialaithe i gcuid mhaith de na próiseálaithe nua-aimseartha. I bpróiseálaí ilchroíláir, tá níos mó ná croílár próiseála amháin ar an tslis chéanna, rud a chuireann ar chumas an chórais tuilleadh oibre a dhéanamh go comhuaineach.<ref name="Sonoma" /> === An chuimhne agus an stóras === Is éard atá sa chuimhne ná áit a gcoinnítear sonraí agus, i gcórais ríomhchlár stóráilte, treoracha atá de dhíth ar an bpróiseálaí. Úsáidtear córais uimhriúla dhénártha chun luachanna a léiriú. I ngnáthchórais chomhaimseartha, is ionann beart agus ocht ngiotán; is féidir leis na giotáin sin luachanna uimhriúla a léiriú nó a bheith mar chuid de léiriú téacs, íomhánna, fuaime nó cineálacha eile sonraí.<ref name="Memory">Computer History Museum, [https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/memory-storage/ ''Memory & Storage''], ''Timeline of Computer History''.</ref> Tá cineálacha éagsúla cuimhne ann: * '''Cláir inmheánacha''': limistéir bheaga sa LAP ina gcoinnítear luachanna atá de dhíth ar an bpróiseálaí go díreach. * '''Cuimhne taisce''': cuimhne an-tapa a choinníonn cóipeanna de shonraí agus de threoracha a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ag teastáil arís go luath. * '''[[Cuimhne randamrochtana]] (RAM)''': príomhchuimhne ina stóráiltear sonraí agus ríomhchláir agus an córas ag feidhmiú. Bíonn an chuimhne RAM i bhformhór na ríomhairí deisce agus glúine luaineach, is é sin, cailltear a bhfuil inti nuair a mhúchtar an chumhacht. * '''Cuimhne inléite amháin (ROM) agus cuimhne splanc''': cineálacha cuimhne neamh-luaineacha a úsáidtear chun sonraí nó dochtearraí a choinneáil. Bíonn dochtearraí áirithe, lena n-áirítear an cód a chuireann tús leis an ríomhaire, stóráilte i gcuimhne splanc nó i gcineál eile cuimhne neamh-luaineach. Tá an stóras fadtéarmach difriúil ón bpríomhchuimhne. Úsáidtear tiomántáin diosca crua, tiomántáin soladstaide (SSDanna) agus gléasanna stórála eile chun comhaid agus cláir a chaomhnú nuair nach mbíonn an ríomhaire ar siúl. Bíonn siad níos moille ná na cláir inmheánacha agus an chuimhne taisce, ach is gnách go mbíonn siad níos oiriúnaí chun méideanna móra sonraí a stóráil ar feadh tréimhsí fada.<ref name="Memory" /> I gcóras de chineál von Neumann, stóráiltear treoracha agus sonraí i gcuimhne atá roinnte eatarthu. I ndearadh Harvard, úsáidtear cuimhne nó cosáin ar leith do threoracha agus do shonraí. Bíonn gnéithe de na cineálacha éagsúla dearaidh le fáil i gcórais nua-aimseartha, agus is féidir le próiseálaithe agus le cuimhne taisce eagrú níos casta a úsáid ná mar a léirítear sna samhlacha bunúsacha seo.<ref name="Copeland" /> === Ionchur, aschur agus naisc inmheánacha === Is éard is '''ionchur''' ann ná sonraí nó comharthaí a fháil ón taobh amuigh den ríomhaire; is éard is '''aschur''' ann ná torthaí a chur in iúl don úsáideoir nó do ghléas eile. Bíonn gléasanna forimeallacha agus rialaitheoirí i gceist leis an dá fheidhm seo. I measc na ngléasanna ionchuir tá méarchláir, lucha, scáileáin tadhaill, micreafóin, ceamaraí agus braiteoirí. I measc na ngléasanna aschuir tá monatóirí, callairí, printéirí agus innealra a rialaítear go huathoibríoch. Is féidir le tiomántáin stórála agus le hoiriúnóirí líonra sonraí a sheoladh agus a fháil araon. Ceanglaíonn busanna agus comhéadain inmheánacha comhpháirteanna an ríomhaire lena chéile. I gcóras deisce, mar shampla, bíonn an LAP, an chuimhne agus gléasanna eile ceangailte trí chiorcaid agus trí chomhéadain ar an máthairchlár. D'fhéadfadh próiseálaithe grafaice agus rialaitheoirí speisialaithe cuid den obair a dhéanamh chun nach mbeadh ar an LAP gach oibríocht a láimhseáil leis féin.<ref name="Sonoma" /> == Bogearraí agus ríomhchláir == Is éard is '''[[bogearraí]]''' ann ná na cláir agus na sonraí a chuireann ar chumas ríomhaire tascanna a chur i gcrích. I measc na gcineálacha bogearraí tá córais oibriúcháin, feidhmchláir, uirlisí forbartha agus cláir a rialaíonn crua-earraí ar leith. Is éard is '''[[crua-earraí]]''' ann ná na comhpháirteanna fisiciúla den chóras, amhail an próiseálaí, an chuimhne, na ciorcaid agus na gléasanna forimeallacha.<ref name="Emory" /> Is sraith treoracha é ríomhchlár a shonraíonn na hoibríochtaí atá le déanamh ag an ríomhaire. Bíonn na treoracha i bhfoirm meaisínchóid ag an leibhéal is ísle; is féidir iad a scríobh i dteanga dhíolama freisin, ina n-úsáidtear cuimhneacháin shiombalacha chun treoracha an phróiseálaí a léiriú. Tá teangacha ardleibhéil, amhail C, C++, Java agus Python, deartha ionas gur féidir le ríomhchláraitheoirí cláir níos casta a scríobh gan gach mionsonra den mheaisín a bhainistiú go díreach. Aistríonn tiomsaitheoirí nó ateangairí na ríomhchláir sin go foirm is féidir leis an gcóras a fhorghníomhú.<ref name="Sonoma" /> D'fhéadfadh clár mícheart torthaí atá mícheart a thabhairt, teip le linn a fhorghníomhaithe nó leochaileachtaí slándála a chruthú. Tugtar fabhtanna ar lochtanna bogearraí den chineál sin. Úsáidtear tástáil agus dífhabhtú chun iad a aimsiú agus a cheartú. Bíonn slándáil ríomhaireachta ag brath ar cháilíocht na mbogearraí, ar chumraíocht an chórais agus ar an dóigh a láimhseáiltear sonraí agus rochtain. == Iltascáil agus próiseáil chomhthreomhar == Is éard is '''iltascáil''' ann ná córas oibriúcháin a chur ar bun ionas gur féidir le roinnt ríomhchlár a bheith gníomhach ar an ríomhaire céanna. Ar phróiseálaí aonchroíláir, is féidir leis an gcóras am próiseálaí a roinnt idir na tascanna. Ar phróiseálaithe ilchroíláir, is féidir tascanna éagsúla a chur i gcrích ag an am céanna ar chroíleacáin éagsúla, má cheadaíonn an clár agus an córas é.<ref name="Sonoma" /> I gcásanna áirithe, is féidir ríomhaireachtaí a roinnt ina gcuid oibre a dhéantar go comhuaineach. Tugtar '''próiseáil chomhthreomhar''' ar an gcur chuige seo. Úsáidtear é go forleathan i sár-ríomhairí, i bpróiseálaithe grafaice agus i gcórais a bhfuil gá acu le méideanna móra ríomhaireachta. Ní bhíonn gach tasc níos tapúla dá bharr, áfach: braitheann an feabhas ar an gcineál oibre, ar an gcaoi a roinntear í agus ar an gcumarsáid atá de dhíth idir na codanna éagsúla den ríomhchlár. == Líonrú ríomhairí agus an tIdirlíon == Is éard is '''líonra ríomhairí''' ann ná córas ina ndéantar ríomhairí agus gléasanna eile a nascadh chun sonraí agus acmhainní a roinnt. Is féidir leis an nasc a bheith sreangaithe nó gan sreang, agus is féidir líonra áitiúil a cheangal le líonraí eile chun cumarsáid thar achair fhada a éascú. D'eascair an tIdirlíon as forbairt líonraí a raibh sé d'aidhm acu ríomhairí i suíomhanna éagsúla a nascadh. Bhí ról lárnach ag ARPANET agus ag forbairt na bprótacal TCP/IP sa phróiseas sin. Ligeann an tIdirlíon do ríomhairí teachtaireachtaí a sheoladh, comhaid a mhalartú agus rochtain a fháil ar sheirbhísí ar ríomhairí eile, agus tá sé ina bhonn riachtanach do chuid mhór den chumarsáid dhigiteach chomhaimseartha.<ref name="ARPANET" /><ref name="TCPIP" /><ref name="Cerf" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Ríomhaireacht]] * [[Ríomhchlár]] * [[Láraonad próiseála]] * [[Bogearraí]] * [[Crua-earraí]] * [[Idirlíon]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin}} [[Catagóir:Ríomhaireacht]] ofdgubdjb4l3cmkjtefjkrrwg11mv86 0 13752 1330564 1329778 2026-10-24T19:52:08Z TGcoa 21229 1330564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} Is cumann [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnachas]] [[Éire|Éireannach]] agus polaitiúil iad an tOrd Oráisteach. Fuair siad an t-ainm ón [[Rí]] [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnach]] [[Liam Oráiste]] a bhí an bua aige i gcoinne an [[Rí]] [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] [[Séamas II|Seamús II Shasana]] sa bhliain 1690 ag [[Cath na Bóinne]].<ref name=brit>Britannica. (2021) Orange Order. Ar fáil ag: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Orange-Order (faighte: 07/02/2021)</ref> Bunaíodh an tOrd Oráisteach sa bhliain 1795 i gcontae [[Ard Mhacha]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/10/leamhthuiscint-an-tord-oraisteach/|teideal=Léamhthuiscint: An tOrd Oráisteach|údar=Cathal Ó Murchú|dáta=2026-10-23|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-10-24}}</ref> Is cumann dian [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnach]] iad agus ní ghlactar le baill neamh-[[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnach]], seachas sa chás gur iompaigh duine a reiligiúin agus go bhfuil siad sásta cloí le phrionsabail an Oráisteach. Chomh maith leis sin ní ghlactar le [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnaigh]] atá pósta le [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitlicigh]].<ref name=abc>Lynch, P. (2005) The Orange Marches. Ar fáil ag: https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/archived/perspective/paul-lynch/3358870 (faighte: 14/02/2021)</ref> Bíonn gach baill bainteach le Lóiste faoi leith. Tá breis agus 1,000 Lóiste in [[Éirinn]] a thagann faoi údarás an Príomh Lóiste Oráiste. Tá ballraíocht oscailte le haghaidh [[Fear|fir]] fásta a bhfuil dílseacht do phrionsabail an [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnachas]]. Tá cumann éagsúla eile ann i gcomhair [[Bean|mná]] agus [[Leanbh|páistí]] a bhfuil páirteach don chlann Oráiste atá níos leithne.<ref name="orangeorder" /> Imríonn an tOrd ról lárnach in eagrúchán [[Creideamh|reiligiúnda]], polaitiúil agus saol sóisialta le haghaidh neart [[An Protastúnachas|protastúnaigh]] i [[Tuaisceart Éireann|dTuaisceart Éireann]].<ref name="forgod" /> Feiceann an tOrd orthu féin mar cosantóirí do shaoirse sibhialta agus do shaoirse reiligiúnach na [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnaigh]]. Áfach áitíonn na gcriticeoirí go bhfuil acu gur dream biogóideach atá iontu.<ref name=kind>O’Dowd, N. (2009) Kinder, gentler or same old Orange? Ar fáil ag: https://www.irishcentral.com/opinion/kinder-gentler-or-same-old-orange-50952382-237651421 (faighte: 14/01/2021)</ref> == Bunluachanna an tOrd == # [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnachas]] a chur chun cinn. # Caomhnú [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Aontais]] idir an [[An Bhreatain|Bhreatain Mhór]] agus [[Tuaisceart Éireann]]. # Caidreamh bráithreachais agus tacaíocht fhrithpháirteach. # Caoinfhulaingt agus meas reiligiúnach. # Seirbhís don [[Coróin|Choróin]]. # Dualgas agus freagracht chathartha. # Tacaíocht charthanúil ar chúiseanna maithe. # [[Íomhá:Orangeman-Walking-Illustration.svg|mion|470x470px|Éadach na Fir Bhuí]]Taighde agus caomhnú Stairiúil agus Cultúrtha.<ref name="orangeorder" /> == Stair == Rinneadh ceiliúradh ar bhua an Rí [[Liam III Shasana|Liam Oráiste]] III ag na céad cumainn Oráiste ag tús na 1700aí, áfach níor bunaíodh an tOrd Oráisteach go dtí an bhliain 1795.<ref name=orangeorder>Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland. (2020) ''ABOUT US.'' Ar fáil ag: https://www.goli.org.uk/about-us (faighte: 07/02/2021)</ref> Bunaíodh an tOrd i Meán Fómhair 1795 i ndiaidh [[Cath na Cearnóige]] a tharla in aice [[Loch gCál]] i gcontae [[Ard Mhacha|Ard Mhaca]]. Mharaíodh 30 duine ó na Cosantóirí, [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] ab ea iad.<ref>History Ireland. (2021) The Men of No Popery: the Origins of the Orange Order. Ar fáil ag: https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/the-men-of-no-popery-the-origins-of-the-orange-order/ (faighte: 12/01/2021)</ref> Is i dteach ‘James Sloan’s’ i [[Loch gCál]] gur bhunaíodh an tOrd Oráisteach agus tógadh an céad craobh in [https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1414203?s=an+daighean An Daighean] i g[[Contae Thír Eoghain]].<ref>Connolly, S.J. (2007) The Oxford Companion to Irish History. Oxford University Press. Eagrán 2. Lth. 434.</ref> B’iad James Sloan, James Winter, agus Daniel Winter an triúr príomhbhunaitheoirí go raibh ag an eagraíocht. Bhí an eagraíocht déanta suas de Lóiste cloíte le rún mionn, pasfhocail agus comharthaí rúnda.<ref name=yourirish>Your Irish Culture. (2020) The Founding of the Orange Order in 1795. Ar fáil ag: https://www.yourirish.com/history/18th-century/founding-of-the-orange-order (faighte: 14/04/2021)</ref> Ón tús bhíodh [[Drong|dronga]] Oráiste freagrach as na mílte [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] a chur as a dtithe agus amach ó g[[Cúige Uladh]].<ref name="yourirish" /> Sa bhliain 1835 rinneadh [[Teach na dTeachtaí]] achainí chuig an Rí, leis an tOrd ar intinn acu, chun go mbeadh deireadh cuartha le eagraíochtaí rúnda agus eagraíochtaí nach ceadaíodh ballraíocht mar thoradh ar bhunús [[Creideamh|reiligiúin]].<ref name="brit" /> Níor éirigh leo sin a dhéanamh. Bhíodh breis agus 90,000 baill ag an cumann ag a buaicphointe sna 1960aí, sa lá atá inniu creidtear go bhfuil timpeall 34,000 baill ag an cumann.<ref name=irishtimes>The Irish Times. (2014) A concise history of the Orange Order. Ar fáil ag: https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/a-concise-history-of-the-orange-order-1.1855664 (faighte: 08/02/2021)</ref> I gcaitheamh na 1970aí bhí treocht ballraíocht níos airde san Ord le feiceáil i gceantracha gur b’iad [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitlicigh]] tromlach an daonra. Bhí níos mó [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnaigh]] den chreidimh ‘Oráiste’ le fáil i gcontaetha [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] i gcomparáid le [[Contae|contaetha]] [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnach]].<ref name="doc" /> Maraíodh breis agus 300 baill ón tOrd i gcaitheamh [[na Trioblóidí]]. Rinneadh formhór na dúnmharú ag an t[[IRA Sealadach]].<ref name="irishtimes" /> Le déanaí tá laghdú tagtha ar láidreacht an tOrd i gceantracha uirbeacha. Creidtear go bhfuil seo tarlaithe mar thoradh ar laghdú i gcaipitil shóisialta agus an ardú i mbannaí [[Dílseachas|dílseoirí]] máirseáil atá neamhspleách. Tá na mbannaí neamhspleách níos tarraingtí do dhílseoirí óige uirbeacha dá bharr minicíocht na mórshiúil agus dearcadh níos réchúiseach ar alcóil.<ref name=doc>Kaufmann, E. (2010) Demographic Change and Conflict in Northern Ireland: Reconciling Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence. Ar fáil ag: http://www.sneps.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/1-Dominant-Ethnicity-demography-and-conflict_revision-Dec2010.pdf (faighte: 01/02/2021)</ref> == 12ú Iúil == [[Íomhá:Ballyronan Orange walk 2004.JPG|mion|240x240px|Mórshiúl Oráiste i mBaile Uí Rónáin (2004)|clé]] Is ar an dara lá dhéag de mhí Iúil gach bliain go mbíonn mórshiúl ag an tOrd chun ceiliúradh [[Cath na Bóinne]] a tharla sa bhliain 1690. Go hiondúil bíonn mórshiúl déanta ag na lóiste Oráisteach ar fad roimh an 12ú Iúil. Ansin ar an dara lá dhéag déantar mórshiúl eile leis na lóiste ar fad atá i gceantar áirithe. Bíonn 17 príomh-mhórshiúl ar siúl ar an 12ú, tá an ceann is mó i gcónaí i m[[Béal Feirste|Béal Féirste]]. Bíonn ceann eile ar siúl i n[[Dún na nGall]] ar an Sathairn roimh an 12ú.<ref name="irishtimes" /> Bíonn banna máirseáil le feadóga móra agus [[Druma|drumaí]] in éineacht leis na mórshiúil. Is minic go mbíonn liricí seicteach le cloisteáil sna port.<ref name="abc" /> Bíonn an dara lá dhéag mar lá saoire bainc i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart na hÉireann]].<ref>Northern Ireland Direct. (2021) Bank Holidays. Ar fáil ag: https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/bank-holidays (faighte: 14/02/2021)</ref> Tosaíonn an ócáid le tinte chnámh agus tinte ealaíona ag an oíche don t-aonú lá dhéag.<ref>Carswell, S. (2019) Why do Orangemen march? The Twelfth of July explained. Ar fáil ag: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/why-do-orangemen-march-the-twelfth-of-july-explained-1.3952749 (faighte: 08/02/2021)</ref> Ansin ar an lá é féin tosaíonn na mórshiúil ag na Hallaí Oráiste agus téann siad tríd na cathracha nó bailte áitiúla agus amach ansin go dtí [[Páirc|páirceanna]] nó spás oscailte faoi leith. Bailíonn an lucht máirseála lena g[[Teaghlach|clann]] agus cairde chun cheiliúradh ansin le [[bia]], [[deoch]] agus óráidí. Caitheann na Fir Bhuí culaith dubh, sais oráiste, lámhainní bán agus hata babhlaer.<ref>Belfast Telegraph. (2010) The boy and the bonfire. Ar fáil ag: https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/article14871526.ece (faighte: 15/02/2021)</ref> [[Íomhá:Eleventh Night Bonfire.jpg|mion|Tine Cnámh (11ú Iúil)|clé|240x240px]] Is minic go gcruthaítear trioblóid mar thoradh ar na mórshiúil. Téann cuid de na mórshiúil tríd ceantracha [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart na hÉireann]].<ref>DW Documentary. (2018) Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland | DW Documentary. 24 Iúil 2018. Ar fáil ag: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8LCsV6JWc8 (faighte: 08/02/2021)</ref> Creidtear ag roinnt [[Náisiúnachas|Náisiúnaigh]] go bhfuil na mórshiúl caithréimeach agus bagrach ach creideann na Fir Bhuí go bhfuil sé ina ceart acu siúl ar na mbóithre poiblí.<ref>BBC News. (2010) Orangemen take part in Twelfth of July parades. Ar fáil ag: https://www.bbc.com/news/10592915 (faighte: 12/01/2021)</ref> Feictear gnéithe forchiníoch ag an am sin den bhliain ó dílseoirí. Seinntear fonn gránna agus na mórshiúl in aice le [[Séipéal|Séipéil]] Caitliceach agus dóitear bratanna áirithe, go hiondúil cinn [[Éire|Éireannach]] agus [[Poblachtánachas in Éirinn|Poblachtánach]], ar na tinte cnámha.<ref>Collins, J. (2017) Why did Pope Innocent XI support the Orange? Ar fáil ag: http://www.judecollins.com/2017/07/pope-innocent-xi-support-orange-joe-mcveigh/ (faighte: 14/02/2021)</ref> Le blianta anuas tá iarrachtaí déanta na bealaí mórshiúil a athrú ó gceantracha [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceacha]] chun trioblóid a sheachaint. Sa bhliain 1998 bhí an bealach máirseáil athraithe in aice [[Port an Dúnáin|Phort an Dúnáin]] chun ceantar Caitliceach a sheachaint. Phléasc agóid ollmhór [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnach]] amach mar thoradh. Dódh teach Caitliceach síos i m[[Baile Monaidh]] i gcontae [[Contae Aontroma|Aontroma]] mar chuid den agóide agus fuair triúr buachaill, Richard, Mark agus Jason Quinn bás.<ref name="kind" /> Dúradh ag an Príomh Lóiste Oráiste in [[Éire|Éirinn]] nach raibh an ionsaí nasctha leo cé gur ón agóid, maidir leis an bealach máirseáil a bheith athraithe, gur tharla sé.<ref>Murphy, C. (1999) Three life terms for murder of Quinn brothers. Ar fáil ag: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/three-life-terms-for-murder-of-quinn-brothers-1.244508 (faighte: 15/01/2021)</ref> Le blianta anuas tá iarrachtaí déanta ag an tOrd Oráisteach bogadh leis na hamanna. Cruthaíodh an ‘Orangefest’ ar mhaithe le ath-bhrandáil a dhéanamh ar cheiliúradh an 12ú. Ba bheart caidreamh poiblí é chun a bheith níos ionchuimsitheach. Bhíodar ag iarraidh go gcruthóidh sé níos mó [[turasóireacht]] i [[Tuaisceart Éireann|dTuaisceart na hÉireann]] chomh maith.<ref>BBC News. (2012) Who are the Orangemen? Ar fáil ag: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-18769781 (faighte: 15/02/2021)</ref> Ní raibh aon mórshiúl ar siúl sa bhliain 2020 mar gheall ar srianta Covid-19. Na hamanna deireanach gur cuireadh cosc ar na mórshiúl ná i gcaitheamh an [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|Chéad]] agus [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]], agus mar gheall ar an [[Fliú Spáinneach]] sa bhliain 1918.<ref>RTÉ News. (2020) Orange Order cancel 12th of July parades due to Covid-19. Ar fáil ag: https://www.rte.ie/news/ulster/2020/0406/1128808-coronavirus-orange-parades/ (faighte: 09/02/2021)</ref> == Hallaí Oráiste == [[Íomhá:St Johnston Orange Hall.jpg|mion|200x200px|Halla Oráiste i nDún na nGall]] Tá thart ar 700 hallaí Óráiste in [[Éire|Éirinn]]. Úsáidtear iad go príomhúil le haghaidh cruinnithe don tOrd a bhíonn ar siúl de ghnáth ar an gcéad Luain do gach mhí.<ref>Slugger O’Toole. (2019) The Orange Order: An Insider’s View… Ar fáil ag: https://sluggerotoole.com/2019/07/11/the-orange-order-an-insiders-view/ (faighte: 14/02/2021)</ref> Ar aon le sin úsáidtear iad mar ionad phobail le haghaidh [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnaigh]] agus daoine ó [[Creideamh|reiligiúin]] éagsúla. Léirigh Mary Bradley (2007)<ref>Bradley, M. (2007) Attacks on Orange Halls. Ar fáil ag: https://www.theyworkforyou.com/ni/?id=2007-09-11.2.60 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125004845/https://www.theyworkforyou.com/ni/?id=2007-09-11.2.60 |date=2021-01-25 }} (faighte: 14/02/2021)</ref> go mbíonn úsáid trasphobail ag na hallaí seo le haghaidh naíonra mar shampla. In aon bailte i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] go bhfuil slua [[An Protastúnachas|Protastúnach]] ina gcónaí ann bheadh Halla Oráiste ann nó ar a laghad lóiste Oráiste.<ref name="forgod" /> I gcaitheamh [[na Trioblóidí]] dírigh coirloisceoirí [[Poblachtánachas in Éirinn|Poblachtánach]] ar bhreis agus 250 hallaí a dhóigh. Dúradh ag Drew Nelson gur ionsaithe seicteach a bhí i gceist leis na hiarrachtaí.<ref>Belfast Telegraph. (2007) Fresh threats to Orangmen, DPP members. Ar fáil ag: https://web.archive.org/web/20080120011453/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/article3169950.ece#selection-1715.0-1715.38 (faighte: 14/02/2021)</ref> == Páipéar Nuachtáin == Bunaíodh an páipéar nuachtáin ‘The Orange Standard’ sa bhliain 1973. D’fhorbair an fhoilseacháin thar na mblianta go dtí nuachtáin a thugann trácht, nuacht óna lóiste éagsúla, nuacht ón domhain óráiste, ailt stairiúil agus beathaisnéise na mbaill dá léitheoirí. Sa bhliain 2017 cuireadh an nuachtáin ar fáil go dhigiteach chun cabhrú le meath na léitheoirí. Déantar 5,000 cóip fisiciúil a tháirgeadh go mhíosúil agus bíonn siad dáilte chuig na lóiste éagsúla agus daoine aonaracha.<ref name="orangeorder" /> == Cursaí Polaitiúil == Tá ceangal láidir ag an tOrd Oráisteach le Aontachtach na Breataine. Go hoifigiúil ní eagraíocht polaitiúil iad an tOrd, é sin ráite feictear air mar fórsa lárnach i gcoinne athaontú na h[[Éire|Éireann]]. Mar thoradh ar sin is cinne polaitiúil é ballraíocht a ghlacadh san tOrd agus is ráiteas do fhéiniúlacht polaitiúil é chomh maith.<ref name="forgod" /> Bhíodh an tOrd ceangailte leis an [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|UUP]] ó 1905 go dtí 2005. Léiríonn W. McAuley & Tonge (2007)<ref name=forgod>W. McAuley, J., Tonge, J. (2007) ‘"For God and for the Crown": Contemporary Political and Social Attitudes among Orange Order Members in Northern Ireland’, Political Psychology, 28(4). Lth 33-52. Ar fáil ag: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20447019?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents (faighte: 07/02/2021)</ref> go raibh míshástacht go forleathan san Ord mar gheall ar an [[Comhaontú Aoine an Chéasta]]. Mar thoradh ar an míshásamh d’athraigh formhór na vótálaithe a dhílseacht go dtí an [[Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|DUP]]. Nuair a raibh parlaimint i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] idir 1921 agus 1972 bhí gach [[Príomh-Aire|Príomh-Aire]], seisear as seisear, mar ceannairí lárnach in Aontachtach na Breataine agus san Ord Oráiste.<ref name="forgod" /> [[Íomhá:Hastings County Archives HC02470 (40240823732).jpg|mion|An tOrd Oráiste i gCeanada (1911)]] Sa bhliain 2014 cláraigh an tOrd Oráisteach mar rannpháirtí ceadaithe in Reifrinn Saoirse na [[Albain|hAlban]]. Bhíodar i bhfabhar cosaint an t-Aontas agus iad ag stocaireacht le haghaidh an vóta ‘Níl’.<ref>BBC News. (2014) Scottish independence: Orange Lodge registers to campaign for a 'No' vote. Ar fáil ag: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-28020183 (faighte: 11/02/2021)</ref> == Go Domhanda == Ní in Éirinn amháin go bhfaightear fréamhacha den cumainn. Tá fréamhacha le fáil timpeall an [[Domhan|domhain]], ina measc tá cinn i [[Sasana]], an [[Albain]], [[Ceanada]], [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]], an [[An Astráil|Astráil]], an [[An Nua-Shéalainn|Nua Shéalainn]] agus san Aifric Thiar.<ref name="orangeorder" /> Is i n[[Gána]] agus i d[[Tóga]] go bhfaightear na fréamhacha is randamacha don tOrd.<ref>History Ireland. (2006) The Orange Order in Africa. Ar fáil ag: https://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/the-orange-order-in-africa/ (faighte: 14/02/2021)</ref> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Síol-creid}} {{Síol-af}} {{Síol-au}} {{Síol-cy}} {{Síol-en}} {{Síol-gd}} {{Síol-ie}} {{Síol-ni}} {{Síol-us}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ord Oráisteach, An t}} [[Catagóir:Frith-Chaitliceachas]] [[Catagóir:Protastúnachas]] [[Catagóir:Tuaisceart Éireann]] 6jj9s1cguquihemj4q7je1uqfiulrrt 0 21189 1330581 1330111 2026-10-25T01:47:45Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1330581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Grúpa Daonna}} Tá 6.38 mhilliún '''duine in Éirinn''' (Gaeilge: ''Muintir na hÉireann'', ''na hÉireannaigh'', ''na Gaeil'') (Béarla: ''The People of Ireland'') (Ultais: ''Tha fowk o Airlann''). Is de bhunadh [[Na Ceiltigh|Ceilteach]] an chuid is mó den daonra, a tháinig i dtír ó mhór-roinn na [[An Eoraip|hEorpa]] thar na cianta. Bhí cuid mhaith inimirce, freisin, ó am go ham ó thíortha eile, go háirithe as [[Alba]], agus ar bhonn níos lú, as [[Sasana]]. Is [[Caitliceachas|Caitlicigh]] formhór (os cionn 70%) an daonra. Is [[Protastúnachas|Protastúnaigh]] formhór na coda eile, beagán níos mó ná leath na ndaoine in [[Cúige Uladh|Ulaidh]], agus iad roinnte idir eaglaisí éagsúla, go háirithe [[Preispitéireachas|Preispitéirigh]] agus Anglacaigh (a bhaineann le h[[Eaglais na hÉireann]]. Féach ar an alt [[Creideamh in Éirinn]] le tuilleadh sonraí). {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?yob ?yod WHERE { ?item wdt:P19 ?pob . ?pob wdt:P131* wd:Q27. OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P569 ?dob. BIND(YEAR(?dob) as ?yob) } OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P570 ?dod. BIND(YEAR(?dod) as ?yod) } . } |wdq=. |sort=569 |section=31 |links=local |columns=number:#,P18,label:nome,P569,P570,P19 }} == duine == {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! íomhá ! nome ! dáta breithe ! dáta báis ! áit bhreithe |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Íomhá:Paul Durcan 2018.png|center|128px]] | [[Paul Durcan|Pól Mac Duarcáin]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-10-16 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-05-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Íomhá:Poet Patrick Kavanagh (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Kavanagh]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-10-21 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-11-30 | [[Inis Caoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Íomhá:Brigid of Kildare, Vitrall, 1903 (Macon, Georgia, St. Joseph Parish Church).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Bríd]] | data-sort-value="451" | 451<br/>453 | data-sort-value="525" | 525 | ''[[:d:Q5438072|Fochaird]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[Íomhá:Richard Harris 1985 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Harris]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-10-01 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-10-25 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Íomhá:Mother Jones no. 3.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Harris Jones]] | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-11-30 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Íomhá:William Thomas Mulvany by Schaarwächter.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Thomas Mulvany]] | data-sort-value="1806" | 1806-03-11 | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-10-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | | [[Sandie Jones]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-11-09 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-09-19 | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[Íomhá:Raphoe Cathedral Church of St. Eunan Choir Window W02 Saint Eunan II 2016 09 02.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Adhamhnán]] | data-sort-value="624" | 624 | data-sort-value="704" | 704 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[Íomhá:Sir Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Arthur Wellesley, 1ú Diúc Wellington]] | data-sort-value="1769" | 1769-05-01 | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-09-14 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[Íomhá:Saint Aidan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Aodhán Lindisfarne]] | data-sort-value="590" | 590 | data-sort-value="651" | 651-08-31 | [[Cúige Chonnacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[Íomhá:Binchy33 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maeve Binchy]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-05-28<br/>1939-05-28<br/>1939-05-29 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-07-30 | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[Íomhá:George Gabriel Stokes, ante 1903 - Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 0155 B.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Gabriel Stokes]] | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819-08-13 | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-02-01 | [[An Scrín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[Íomhá:Stieler - Lola Montez (Schönheitengalerie).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lola Montez (Eliza Gilbert, damhsóir)|Lola Montez]] | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821-02-17 | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-01-17 | [[An Ghráinseach, Contae Shligigh|An Ghráinseach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[Íomhá:Sir Joshua Reynolds - Edmund Burke, 1729 - 1797. Statesman, orator and author - PG 2362 - National Galleries of Scotland.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edmund Burke|Edmond Búrc]] | data-sort-value="1729" | 1729-01-12 | data-sort-value="1797" | 1797-07-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[Íomhá:Sir Charles Gavan Duffy (Weekly Times, 1874).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Gabhán Ó Dubhthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-04-12 | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-02-09 | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | | [[John Desmond Bernal]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-05-10 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-09-15 | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[Íomhá:Eddie Jordan 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eddie Jordan]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-30<br/>1948 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-03-20<br/>2025 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[Íomhá:Michael Collins 1922 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Coileáin]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-10-16 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-08-22 | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[Íomhá:Seán MacSwiney, Oct 1920 (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Seán MacSwiney]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-03-19 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | | [[James O'Keeffe]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[Íomhá:Sir Edward Carson, bw photo portrait seated (cropped)(2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Carson]] | data-sort-value="1854" | 1854-02-09 | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-10-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | | [[Conor Maguire]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-12-16 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-09-26 | [[Conga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[Íomhá:Edna O'Brien (2016).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edna O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-12-15 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-07-27 | [[Tuaim Gréine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | | [[Ben Briscoe]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-03-11 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-07-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[Íomhá:Heilbronn-Kilianskirche-SeyfferAltar03.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Cilian]] | data-sort-value="640" | 640 | data-sort-value="689" | 689 | [[An Mullach, Contae an Chabháin|An Mullach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[Íomhá:Ernest Walton.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ernest Walton|Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-10-06 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-25 | [[Dún na Mainistreach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[Íomhá:Sinead O'Connor (14828633401) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sinéad O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-12-08 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-07-26 | [[Gleann na gCaorach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[Íomhá:Dr James Ryan, 1932 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-12-06 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-09-25 | ''[[:d:Q22084281|Teach Munna]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[Íomhá:Michael Gambon cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Gambon]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-10-19 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-09-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | | [[Siobhán Nic Gearailt, Cuntaois Urumhan]] | data-sort-value="1509" | 1509 | data-sort-value="1565" | 1565-01-02 | [[Cionn tSáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Íomhá:Saint brendan german manuscript.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Breandán]] | data-sort-value="486" | 486 | data-sort-value="577" | 577 | [[An Fhianait]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Ashe, half-length portrait (34628644896).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ághas]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-01-12 | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-09-25 | [[Lios Póil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | | [[Tony Gregory]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-12-05 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-01-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | | [[Michael Keyes]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-03-31 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-09-08 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[Íomhá:Joseph Mary Plunkett.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seosamh Pluincéad]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-11-21 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Íomhá:John Joly.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Joly]] | data-sort-value="1857" | 1857-11-01 | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-12-08 | [[Breacánach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Íomhá:Cork (47) 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Fionnbarra|Naomh Fionnbharra]] | data-sort-value="550" | 550 | data-sort-value="623" | 623-09-25 | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[Íomhá:Eilean Mor Chapel.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Abbán]] | data-sort-value="570" | 570 | data-sort-value="620" | 620-03-16 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Hillery (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ó hIrighile]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-05-02 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-04-12 | [[Sráid na Cathrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[Íomhá:Edward Sabine Maull&Fox BNF Gallica.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Sabine]] | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788-10-14 | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-06-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[Íomhá:Celebrated spies and famous mysteries of the great war (1919) (14765772825).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roger Casement|Ruairí Mac Easmainn]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-09-01 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-08-03 | [[Cuas an Ghainimh]]<br/>[[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[Íomhá:Joshua Reynolds - William Petty.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Petty, 2ú hIarla Shelburne|William Petty]] | data-sort-value="1737" | 1737-05-02 | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805-05-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[Íomhá:BRENDANBEHAN.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Breandán Ó Beacháin]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-02-09 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[Íomhá:Daniel O'Connell.png|center|128px]] | [[Dónall Ó Conaill]] | data-sort-value="1775" | 1775-08-06 | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847-05-15 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[Íomhá:Sean ocasey 1924.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Cathasaigh]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-03-30 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Moore from NPG.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Moore]] | data-sort-value="1779" | 1779-05-28<br/>1779 | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-02-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[Íomhá:Charles Stewart Parnell (Portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles Stewart Parnell]] | data-sort-value="1846" | 1846-06-27 | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-10-06 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Íomhá:San Colombano.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Columbán]] | data-sort-value="543" | 543 | data-sort-value="615" | 615-11-23 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[Íomhá:Sean T OKelly WhiteHouse 19390517.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán T. Ó Ceallaigh|Seán Tomás Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-08-25 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-11-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[Íomhá:Rory Gallagher 1982.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rory Gallagher]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-02 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-14 | [[Béal Átha Seanaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[Íomhá:Cropped portrait of Henry Grattan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Grattan]] | data-sort-value="1746" | 1746-07-03 | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-06-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[Íomhá:Lord Castlereagh Marquess of Londonderry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Stewart, Bíocunta an Chaisleáin Riabhaigh]] | data-sort-value="1769" | 1769-06-18 | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-08-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[Íomhá:Timothy Michael Healy Thoms Whos Who 1923.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tadhg Ó hEaluithe (polaiteoir)|Tadhg Ó hEaluithe]] | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855-05-17 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-03-26 | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[Íomhá:William Martin Murphy Oil Painting by William Orpen.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Martin Murphy|William Máirtín Ó Murchadha]] | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845-01-06 | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-06-26 | [[Baile Chaisleáin Bhéarra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[Íomhá:James Ussher by Sir Peter Lely.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Ussher]] | data-sort-value="1581" | 1581-01-04 | data-sort-value="1656" | 1656-03-21 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[Íomhá:John Bruton 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Bruton|Seán de Briotún]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-18 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-02-06 | [[Dún Búinne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[Íomhá:Charles Haughey 1967 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Ó hEochaidh]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-09-16 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-06-13 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[Íomhá:Benjamin Guinness ILN.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Benjamin Lee Guinness|Benjamin Guinness]] | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798-11-01 | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-05-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | | [[Seán Eichingeam]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-04-23 | [[Cuan Bhaile na Cúirte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[Íomhá:Austin Stack (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aibhistín de Staic]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-12-07 | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-04-27 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[Íomhá:Michael Conaghan, 2008 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Conaghan]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-04 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-08-04 | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[Íomhá:Sir Phelim O’Neill.png|center|128px]] | [[Féilim Ó Néill]] | data-sort-value="1603" | 1603 | data-sort-value="1653" | 1653<br/>1652-03-10 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[Íomhá:John Toland.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Tuathaláin|John Toland]] | data-sort-value="1670" | 1670-11-30 | data-sort-value="1722" | 1722-03-11 | ''[[:d:Q4068887|Ardagh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[Íomhá:Maurice O'Connor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Toirdhealbhach Ó Cearbhalláin]] | data-sort-value="1670" | 1670 | data-sort-value="1738" | 1738-03-25 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[Íomhá:Lawrence Parsons.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Laurence Parsons]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840-11-17 | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-08-29 | [[Biorra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[Íomhá:1stEarlOfIveagh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Cecil Guinness]] | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847-11-10 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-10-07 | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Patrick Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan NGI.4328.PNG|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Sáirséal]] | data-sort-value="1655" | 1655 | data-sort-value="1693" | 1693-08-21 | [[Leamhcán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[Íomhá:Feargus Edward O'Connor-crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Feargus O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1794" | 1794-07-18 | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855-08-30<br/>1855-08-31 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[Íomhá:Arthur Griffith (1871-1922).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Art Ó Gríofa]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872-03-31 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-08-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Íomhá:Richard Sheridan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]] | data-sort-value="1751" | 1751-10-30 | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-07-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[Íomhá:John Tyndall portrait mid career.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Tyndall]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-08-02 | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-12-04 | [[Leithghlinn an Droichid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[Íomhá:Ronnie drew 2004.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ronnie Drew]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-09-16 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-08-16 | [[Dún Laoghaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[Íomhá:Gerald Fitzgerald 9th Earl of Kildare 2.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Gearóid Óg Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1487" | 1487 | data-sort-value="1534" | 1534-09-02 | [[Maigh Nuad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[Íomhá:Ray-Sachs-Ivor-Robinson-Art-Komar-and-John-Lighton-Synge-Jablonna-1962-Photo.png|center|128px]] | [[John Lighton Synge]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-03-23 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-03-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[Íomhá:Charles Villiers Stanford c1894bw.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-09-30 | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-03-29 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[Íomhá:Statua di Luke Kelly.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Luke Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-11-17 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[Íomhá:Liam O'Flaherty.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Ó Flaithearta]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-08-28<br/>1896-04-28<br/>1897-04-19 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-09-07<br/>1984-07-07 | [[Inis Mór, Árainn|Inis Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[Íomhá:Anton abbadia.png|center|128px]] | [[Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie]] | data-sort-value="1810" | 1810-01-03 | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-03-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[Íomhá:Henry Hughes Wilson, British general, photo portrait standing in uniform.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Wilson]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-05-05 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-06-22 | [[Meathas Troim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[Íomhá:Albert Reynolds (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ailbhe Mac Raghnaill]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-11-03 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-08-21 | [[Rúscaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[Íomhá:Bernard Allen November 1996.png|center|128px]] | [[Bernard Ó hAilín]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-09 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-06-22 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[Íomhá:Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, 1975 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-02-12 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-03-21 | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | | [[Alice Kyteler]] | data-sort-value="1263" | 1263 | No/unknown value | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[Íomhá:Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave-Patricks Day 1976.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Mac Cosgair]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-04-13 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-10-04 | [[Caisleán Cnucha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[Íomhá:Vincent Coll leaving court NYWTS.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Uinseann Ó Colla (Mad Dog Coll)|Uinseann Ó Colla]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-07-20 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-02-08 | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[Íomhá:Jack Lynch, 1972 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Loingsigh]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-08-15 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-10-20 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[Íomhá:US visit of Taoiseach Costello in 1956 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[John A. Costello|Seán A Mac Coisdealbha]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-06-20 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-01-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[Íomhá:Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Mac Gearailt, 10ú hIarla Chill Dara|Tomás Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1513" | 1513 | data-sort-value="1537" | 1537 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[Íomhá:Enniscorthy St. Aidan's Cathedral East Aisle Fifth Window Saint Aidan Detail 2009 09 28.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Aodhán (Maodhóg)]] | data-sort-value="550" | 6th century | data-sort-value="627" | 627 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[Íomhá:William Stokes (1804 - 1878).jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Stokes]] | data-sort-value="1804" | 1804-10-01 | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-01-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[Íomhá:BrotherWalfrid(AndrewKerins).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Andrew Kerins]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840-05-18 | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-04-17 | [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Baile an Mhóta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[Íomhá:PadraicColum.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Padraic Colum]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-12-08 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-11 | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[Íomhá:Eileen Desmond 1981 02.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eileen Desmond]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-12-29 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-01-06 | [[Cionn tSáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | | [[Josephine Hart]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-01 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-06-02 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | | [[Dónal McCann]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-05-07 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-07-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[Íomhá:Dan O'Herlihy 1955.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Dan O'Herlihy]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-05-01 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-02-17 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Theobald Wolfe Tone (4672711).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Theobald Wolfe Tone]] | data-sort-value="1763" | 1763-06-20 | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798-11-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[Íomhá:Eileen Gray.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eileen Gray]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-08-08<br/>1879 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-10-31 | [[Inis Córthaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[Íomhá:Kate O'Brien, 1926.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cáit Ní Bhriain]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-12-03 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-08-13 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Nora Joyce (Mrs. James Joyce) 1926–1927 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nora Barnacle]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-03-21 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-10 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Hayes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818-10-29<br/>1825 | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-08-11 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[Íomhá:Frank Cluskey, 1981 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank Cluskey]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-04-08 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-05-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[Íomhá:Padraig Faulkner, 1980 (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Faulkner]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-03-12 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-06-01 | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | | [[John O'Connell (Baile Átha Cliath)|John O'Connell]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-01-20 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-03-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Íomhá:Tony O'Reilly 1959.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tony O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-05-07 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-05-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[Íomhá:Arthur Guinness.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Arthur Guinness]] | data-sort-value="1725" | 1725-09-24 | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-01-23 | [[Cill Droichid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[Íomhá:George Noble Plunkett, circa 1915.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Noble Plunkett|An Cunta Pluincéad]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-12-03 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Íomhá:John field.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Field]] | data-sort-value="1782" | 1782-07-26 | data-sort-value="1837" | 1837-01-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Íomhá:John Millington Synge - Project Gutenberg eText 19028.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Millington Synge]] | data-sort-value="1871" | 1871-04-16 | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-03-24 | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Gately 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Gately]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-03-17 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-10-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[Íomhá:Herbert Kitchener 1914.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Herbert Kitchener, an Chéad Iarla Kitchener|Horatio Kitchener]] | data-sort-value="1850" | 1850-06-24 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-06-05 | [[Béal Átha Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | | [[Iris Murdoch]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-07-15 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-02-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[Íomhá:Laurence Sterne by Sir Joshua Reynolds.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Laurence Sterne]] | data-sort-value="1713" | 1713-11-24 | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768-03-18 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Íomhá:WP2016 GlenHansard FFM.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Glen Hansard]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-04-21 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-07-29 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[Íomhá:Seán Barrett Ceann Comhairle 2015.png|center|128px]] | [[Seán Barrett (polaiteoir i nDún Laoghaire)|Seán Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-08-09 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-04-06 | [[Cill Iníon Léinín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | | [[Christopher Nolan (scríbhneoir)|Christopher Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-06 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-20 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[Íomhá:John Redmond 1917.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Réamainn]] | data-sort-value="1856" | 1856-09-01 | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-03-06 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[Íomhá:Autographed Photograph From Maureen O'Hara Price to Clifton Cates, circa 1945 (22479452472).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maureen O'Hara]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-08-17 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-10-24 | [[Raghnallach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[Íomhá:Maureen O Sullivan, The New Movie Magazine, 1934.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maureen O'Sullivan (aisteoir)|Maureen O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-05-17 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-06-23 | ''[[:d:Q1124843|Mainistir na Búille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[Íomhá:Brenda Fricker March 1990.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brenda Fricker]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-02-17 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-07-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[Íomhá:Stained Glass Window in St Margaret's Chapel.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Cille]] | data-sort-value="521" | 521-12-07 | data-sort-value="597" | 597-06-09 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[Íomhá:Veronica Guerin 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Veronica Guerin]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-07-05 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-06-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[Íomhá:Douglas Hyde - Project Gutenberg eText 19028.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dubhghlas de hÍde]] | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860-01-17 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-07-12 | [[An Caisleán Riabhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[Íomhá:Moya Brennan - backstage at Glastonbury 2011.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Moya Brennan|Máire Ní Bhraonáin]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-04 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-04-13 | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[Íomhá:Lady gregory.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lady Gregory]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-03-15 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-05-22 | [[Baile Locha Riach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[Íomhá:William O'Brien 1917.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-10-02 | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-02-25 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[Íomhá:Smith O'Brien, The Irish Patriot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Smith O’Brien|William Smith O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-10-17 | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-06-18 | [[Caisleán Dhrom Ólainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[Íomhá:Birr St. Brendan's Church St. Brendan Window 2010 09 10.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan mac Nemainn]] | data-sort-value="500" | 5th century | data-sort-value="573" | 573 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | | [[Frank O'Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-10-09 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-03-06 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[Íomhá:Grainne Mhaol Ni Mhaille Statue.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gráinne Ní Mháille]] | data-sort-value="1539" | 1539 | data-sort-value="1603" | 1603<br/>1599-06-18 | [[Oileán Chliara|Cliara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[Íomhá:Jordan by Hoppner.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dorothea Jordan]] | data-sort-value="1761" | 1761-11-22<br/>1761-11-21 | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-07-05 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[Íomhá:Frank Fahy .PNG|center|128px]] | [[Proinsias Ó Fathaigh]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-01-12 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-07-12 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]]<br/>[[Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[Íomhá:Ladywilde.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jane Francesca Agnes Wilde|Jane Wilde]] | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821-12-27 | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-02-03 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[Íomhá:Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig (1723) (crop).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Bóramha]] | data-sort-value="941" | 941 | data-sort-value="1014" | 1014-04-23 | [[Cill Dalua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Pearse cph.3b15294.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Mac Piarais]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-11-10 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-03 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[Íomhá:Seanoriada.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Riada]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-08-01 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-03 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[Íomhá:Terrence mac swiney.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Traolach Mac Suibhne]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-03-28<br/>1879-03-20 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-10-25 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[Íomhá:John B. Keane, Irish playwright, cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John B. Keane]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-07-21 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-05-30 | [[Lios Tuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[Íomhá:John Marcus O'Sullivan (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[John M. O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-02-18 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-09 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[Íomhá:John Wilson, 1987 (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[John Wilson|Seán P. Mac Uilliam]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-07-08 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-07-09 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[Íomhá:John Sealy Townsend.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Sealy Townsend]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-06-07 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-02-16 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | | [[Larry Gogan]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-05-03 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-01-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | | [[Joseph Blowick]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-03-13 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-08-12 | [[Baile na Cora]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[Íomhá:Joseph Brennan TD for Donegal Leitrim 1970.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joseph Brennan (Ceann Comhairle)|Joseph Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-02-14 | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-07-13 | [[Dún Cionnaola]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | | [[Neil Blaney]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-10-29 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-11-08 | [[Fánaid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[Íomhá:Kathleen Clarke as Lord Mayor of Dublin, circa 1940, colourised.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caitlín Bean Uí Chléirigh|Kathleen Clarke]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-04-11 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-29 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[Íomhá:Kevin Boland 1960 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin Boland]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10-15 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-09-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | | [[Thomas Kilroy]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-09-23 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-12-07 | [[Callainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | | [[Tom O'Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-07-23 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-02-25 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Luke Wadding P2027.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Luke Wadding]] | data-sort-value="1588" | 1588-10-16 | data-sort-value="1657" | 1657-11-18 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[Íomhá:Osborn Bergin, circa 1930s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Osborn Bergin|Osborn Joseph Bergin]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-11-26 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-10-06 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | | [[Sam Maguire]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-03-11 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-02-06 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[Íomhá:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmaid Ó Donnabháin Rosa|Diarmaid Ó Donnabháin Rossa]] | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831-09-10 | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-06-29 | [[Ros Ó gCairbre]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[Íomhá:Harry Boland Portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Harry Boland|Énrí Ó Beóláin]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-04-27 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-08-01 | [[Baile Phib]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | | [[William FitzGerald (breitheamh)|William FitzGerald]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-01-04 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-10-17 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[Íomhá:Rory O'Hanlon, November 2006 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rory O'Hanlon]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-02-07 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-03-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[Íomhá:Right Hon Laurence O'Neill The Lord Mayor cropped from Ireland's National Pledge, April 1918.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Laurence O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-07-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | | [[Patrick Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-04-02 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-10-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[Íomhá:Boys Town founder Edward J. Flanagan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward J. Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-07-13 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-05-15 | [[Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[Íomhá:Peadar Kearney, 1912 (retouched).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peadar Ó Cearnaigh]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-12-12 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-11-24 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[Íomhá:Edward Joshua Cooper.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Cooper]] | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798-05-01 | data-sort-value="1863" | 1863-04-28<br/>1863-04-23 | [[Faiche Stiabhna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[Íomhá:Wilfred Bramble (Hospital Fete) (5722158967) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Wilfrid Brambell]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-03-22 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-01-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[Íomhá:James Barry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Margaret Ann Bulkley (James Barry)|James Barry]] | data-sort-value="1789" | 1789 | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-07-25 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[Íomhá:Edwin Maxwell in Romance on the Run (1938).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edwin Maxwell (aisteoir)|Edwin Maxwell]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-02-09 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | | [[Seán Moore]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-05-19 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-10-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | | [[Lochlainn Ó Raifeartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-03-11 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-11-18 | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[Íomhá:Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery 1571466001 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roger Boyle, 1ú Iarla Orbhraí|Roger Boyle, Céad Iarla Orbhraí]] | data-sort-value="1621" | 1621-04-25 | data-sort-value="1679" | 1679-10-16 | [[Lios Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | | [[Oliver J. Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-05-22 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-04-26 | [[Móinteach Mílic]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[Íomhá:Paddy Smith, 1927.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick "Paddy" Smith|Patrick Smith]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-07-17 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-03-18 | [[Coill an Chollaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[Íomhá:Grayscalecurry.png|center|128px]] | [[Eoghan Ó Comhraí]] | data-sort-value="1794" | 1794-11-20 | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-07-30 | ''[[:d:Q5297157|Dún Átha]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[Íomhá:Rory O'Connor portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rory O'Connor|Ruairí Ó Conchúir]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-11-28 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-12-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | | [[James Geoghegan (Fianna Fáil)|James Geoghegan]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-12-08 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-27 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[Íomhá:For remembrance, soldier poets who have fallen in the war, Adcock, 1920 DJVU pg 71.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Francis Ledwidge]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-08-19 | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-07-31 | [[Baile Shláine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[Íomhá:Michael Davitt (Charlie Farr) restored.png|center|128px]] | [[Michael Davitt (feachtasóir)|Mícheál Dáibhéad]] | data-sort-value="1846" | 1846-03-25 | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-05-30 | [[An tSráid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | | [[Marianus Scottus]] | data-sort-value="1028" | 1028 | data-sort-value="1082" | 1082-12-22 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Ambrosio O'Higgins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ambrós Ó hUiginn]] | data-sort-value="1720" | 1720-02-13 | data-sort-value="1801" | 1801-03-19 | [[Baile an Fharaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | | [[Martin Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-23 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-08-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[Íomhá:Orpen OSJGogarty.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Oliver St. John Gogarty|Oliver St John Gogarty]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-08-17 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Kent, executed Irish nationalist 1916.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ceannt]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-08-29 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-09 | [[Caisleán Ó Liatháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[Íomhá:Hugh Kennedy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hugh Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-07-11 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-12-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | | [[Peadar Rís]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-06-16<br/>1935-01-16 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-10-25 | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | | [[Timothy O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-04-04 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | | [[John Ormonde]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-09-15 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-06-25 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | | [[Tom Munnelly]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-25 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-08-30 | [[Ráth Maonais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | | [[Tommy Langan]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921-09-23 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-09-22 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | | [[Tomás Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | [[Contae Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | | [[Peadar Ó Gealacáin]] | data-sort-value="1793" | 1793 | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860 | [[Maigh nEalta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | | [[Éamon de Buitléar]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-01-22 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-01-27 | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | | [[Aodh Mac Gabhráin]] | data-sort-value="1670" | 1670 | data-sort-value="1738" | 1738 | [[Gleann Ghaibhle]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | | [[Brión mac Echach Muigmedóin]] | data-sort-value="500" | 5th century | data-sort-value="500" | 5th century | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | | [[Páidí Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-05-16 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-12-15 | [[Ceann Trá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Íomhá:Micheál Ó Muircheartaigh in Villa Maria, Waterville. 2012.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Muircheartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-08-20 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-06-25 | [[An Daingean|Daingean Uí Chúis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[Íomhá:Tom Barry IRA.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tom Barry (Óglach na hÉireann)|Tomás de Barra]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-07-01 | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-07-02 | [[Cill Orglan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[Íomhá:Joe Kinnear Hull City v. Newcastle United 1.png|center|128px]] | [[Joe Kinnear]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-27 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-04-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[Íomhá:Robert Emmet--The Irish Patriot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roibeard Emmet]] | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780-03-04 | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-09-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Kinsella - University of Pennsylvania - 16 November 2009 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Kinsella]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-05-04 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-12-22 | [[Inse Chór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[Íomhá:Violet Florence Martin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Violet Florence Martin]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-06-11 | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-12-21 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[Íomhá:Michael O'Leary, September 1979 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael O'Leary (Aire)|Michael O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-05-08 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-05-11 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[Íomhá:Justin Keating 1973 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Justin Keating]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-01-07 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-12-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | | [[Breandán Ó hEithir]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-01-18 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-10-26 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[Íomhá:Tomás Mac Giolla.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Mac Giolla]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-01-25 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-02-04 | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[Íomhá:James Dillon circa 1930s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Dillon|Séamus Diolún]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-09-26 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-02-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Sir Richard John Griffith, 1st Bt. (by Stephen Catterson Smith).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Griffith]] | data-sort-value="1784" | 1784-09-20 | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-09-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[Íomhá:Edward Hincks.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Hincks]] | data-sort-value="1792" | 1792-08-19 | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-12-03 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[Íomhá:William Thomas Cosgrave.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Tomás Mac Cosgair]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-06-06 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-11-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[Íomhá:Séamus Pattison, 1982 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Pattison]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-04-19 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-02-04 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | | [[Seán Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-01-26 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-05 | [[Béal Átha hAmhnais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | | [[Nuala O'Faolain|Nuala Ó Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-03-01 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-05-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[Íomhá:Seán Lemass, 1966.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán F. Lemass]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-07-15 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-05-11 | [[An Baile Breac (Baile Átha Cliath)|An Baile Breac]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | | [[Margaret Hassan]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-18 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-11-08 | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | [[Íomhá:Noel Browne, 1948 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Noel Browne|Nollaig de Brún]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-12-20 | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-05-21 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | | [[David Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-07-11 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-02-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[Íomhá:Tom Crean2b.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Tom Crean|Tomás Ó Croidheáin]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-02-16 | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-07-27 | [[Abhainn an Scáil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[Íomhá:James Hoban circa 1800 - Crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Hoban]] | data-sort-value="1762" | 1762 | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831-12-08 | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[Íomhá:James Stephens, 1935.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Stephens (scríbhneoir)]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-02-09 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-12-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | [[Íomhá:Thomas F. Meagher.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Francis Meagher]] | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-08-03 | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867-07-01 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[Íomhá:Ó Mórna agus Dánta Eile.png|center|128px]] | [[Máirtín Ó Direáin]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-11-29 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-19 | [[Inis Mór, Árainn|Inis Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | [[Íomhá:Tras Honan at the meeting of the European Parliament in Luxembourg (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tras Honan]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-01-04 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-11-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | | [[William Trevor]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-05-24 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-11-20 | [[Baile Mhistéala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[Íomhá:Dave Allen 1968.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Dave Allen]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-06 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-03-10 | [[Teach na Giúise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | | [[Christy Brown]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-06-05 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-09-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | | [[Éinde Ó Callaráin]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-04-08 | [[Maigh Locha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[Íomhá:PSM V63 D476 George Francis FitzGerald.png|center|128px]] | [[George Francis Fitzgerald]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-08-03 | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-02-21 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[Íomhá:Dublin Martyrs by Conall McCabe (2001).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maighréad de Bhál]] | data-sort-value="1515" | 1515 | data-sort-value="1584" | 1584 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[Íomhá:Mary O'Rourke, September 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary O'Rourke|Máire Uí Ruairc]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-05-31 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-10-03 | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[Íomhá:Dolores O'Riordan 2016 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Dolores O'Riordan|Dolores Ní Ríordáin]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-09-06 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-01-15 | [[Baile Uí Bhricín Thuaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[Íomhá:Mary Ward (scientist).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Ward]] | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827-04-27 | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-08-31 | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | | [[Paddy Canny]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-09-09 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-06-28 | ''[[:d:Q104294289|Gleann Dríth]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | | [[Michael K. Noonan]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 19th century | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | | [[Feargal Ó hAnnluain]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-02-02 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-01 | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | | [[Mícheál Ó Móráin|Micheál Ó Móráin]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-12-25 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-05-06 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | | [[James FitzGerald-Kenney]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-01-01 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-10-21 | [[Clár Chlainne Mhuiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | | [[Fiachra Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-08-18 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-07-29 | [[Lios Uí Chathasaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[Íomhá:Richie Ryan, 1981 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richie Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-02-27 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-03-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[Íomhá:Judge Fionan O'Loingsigh - 1948.tif|center|128px]] | [[Fionán Ó Loingsigh]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-03-17 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-06-03 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | [[Íomhá:Katherine Plunket.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Katherine Plunket]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-11-22 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-10-14 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[Íomhá:Garret FitzGerald 1975 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Garret Fitzgerald|Gearóid Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-02-09 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-05-19 | [[Droichead na Dothra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[Íomhá:Nonpareil Jack Dempsey portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nonpareil Dempsey]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-12-15 | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-11-02<br/>1896-11-01 | [[An Currach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | | [[Frank Daly]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-02-18 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[Íomhá:Dublin Martyrs by Conall McCabe (2001).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Proinsias Táilliúir (mairtíreach)|Proinnsias Táiliúr]] | data-sort-value="1550" | 1550 | data-sort-value="1621" | 1621-01-30 | [[Sord]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[Íomhá:Niamh Bhreathnach.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niamh Bhreathnach]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-06-01 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-02-06 | [[Baile Uí Lachnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | | [[Peadar Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 19th century | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-08-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[Íomhá:Gearoid O'Sullivan (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gearóid Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-01-28 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-25 | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | | [[Shane McEntee]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-12-19 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-12-21 | [[An Obair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | | [[Gemma Hussey]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-11-11 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-11-26 | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[Íomhá:Gene Fitzgerald, 1978 (cropped).tif|center|128px]] | [[Gene Fitzgerald]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-08-21 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-12-14 | [[An Baile Gallda]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[Íomhá:George Colley, 1979 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seoirse Ó Colla]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-10-18 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | | [[Gerard Sweetman]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-06-10 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[Íomhá:Gerry Ryan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerry Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-04 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-04-30 | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[Íomhá:PJ Ruttledge.png|center|128px]] | [[P. J. Ruttledge]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-01-01 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-08 | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | | [[Ray McAnally]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-03-30 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-15 | [[Bun Cranncha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[Íomhá:President John F. Kennedy Meets with Lord Mayor of Dublin Robert Briscoe (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Briscoe]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-09-25 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | | [[Paddy O’Toole]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-01-15 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-05-11 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | [[Íomhá:Sir Hugh Percy Lane.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hugh Lane]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-11-09 | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-05-07 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | | [[Timothy Sullivan (breitheamh)|Timothy Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-01-06 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | | [[Seachnassach mac Blathmaic]] | | data-sort-value="671" | 671 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | | [[Blathmac mac Aodha Sláine]] | data-sort-value="650" | 7th century | data-sort-value="665" | 665 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | | [[Conghal Ceannmhaghair]] | | data-sort-value="710" | 710 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | | [[Fógartach mac Néill]] | data-sort-value="601" | 7th century | data-sort-value="724" | 724 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | [[Íomhá:Kevin Barry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin Barry]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-01-20 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-11-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | | [[Louis le Brocquy]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-11-10 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-04-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | [[Íomhá:Mark Clinton, 1975 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Clinton]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-02-07 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-12-23 | [[Ceanannas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | | [[Martin O'Donoghue]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-05-13 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-07-20 | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | | [[Maurice E. Dockrell]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-10-06 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-12-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | [[Íomhá:Michael cusack portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Cíosóg]] | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847-09-20 | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-11-27 | [[Cora Finne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | | [[Michael Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-12-01 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-07-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | | [[Michael Hilliard]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-03-11 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-01 | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | | [[Niall Tóibín]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-11-21 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-11-13 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | [[Íomhá:Liam O'Flinn.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Ó Floinn]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-15 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-03-14 | ''[[:d:Q2084287|An Chill]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | [[Íomhá:CardinalPaulCullen.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pól Ó Cuilinn]] | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-04-29 | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-10-24 | ''[[:d:Q6966181|An Fhorrach Mhór]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | [[Íomhá:Tp1web.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tommy Peoples]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-08-04 | [[Baile Suingean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | [[Íomhá:Oscar Traynor (under the X) (7541615018).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Oscar Traynor]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-03-21 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-15 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | [[Íomhá:Odonovan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Donnabháin]] | data-sort-value="1806" | 1806-07-25 | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-12-10 | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Cooney, 1994 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paddy Cooney|Pádraig Ó Cuanaigh]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-03-02 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-12-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | [[Íomhá:Patrick J. Reynolds 1984.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick J. Reynolds]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-11-25 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-12-27 | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | | [[Patrick Lalor]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-07-19 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-07-29 | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | | [[Patrick Little]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-06-17 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-16 | [[Dún Droma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | | [[Patrick McGrath]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 2nd millennium | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-20 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | | [[Peadar Mercier]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914 | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | | [[Pearse Wyse]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-03-02 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-04-28 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | [[Íomhá:Peter Barry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Barry|Peadar de Barra]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-08-10 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-08-26 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | | [[Eoghan Rua Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1748" | 1748 | data-sort-value="1784" | 1784-06-17 | ''[[:d:Q81944530|Na Mínteoga]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | | [[Peter Hughes]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-06-24 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | [[Íomhá:Willie clancy statue.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Willie Clancy]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-12-24 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-01-24 | [[Sráid na Cathrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | | [[Philip Brady]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-06-10 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-01-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | | [[Philip Cosgrave]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-11-02 | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-10-23 | [[Contae Átha Cliath Theas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | [[Íomhá:William Molyneux - Kneller.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Molyneux]] | data-sort-value="1656" | 1656-04-17 | data-sort-value="1698" | 1698-10-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | [[Íomhá:Dervla Murphy 2008.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dervla Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-11-28 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-05-22 | [[Lios Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | [[Íomhá:McGee-sm.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas D'Arcy McGee]] | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-04-13 | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-04-07 | [[Cairlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | [[Íomhá:Cathal Ó Murchadha (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Ó Murchadha]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-02-16 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-04-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | | [[Celia Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-05-06 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-16 | [[Cinn Mhara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | | [[Charles Fagan]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-10-01 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-08 | [[Contae na hIarmhí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | [[Íomhá:Charles J Kickham.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Charles J. Kickham]] | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-09 | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-08-22 | [[Muileann na hUamhan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | [[Íomhá:Charles O'Conor of Belanagare.png|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Ó Conchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1710" | 1710-01-01 | data-sort-value="1791" | 1791-07-01 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | [[Íomhá:Charlie Bird crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charlie Bird]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-09 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-03-11 | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | | [[John L. Murray (breitheamh)|John L. Murray]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-05-10<br/>1943-06-17 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-01-18 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | | [[John McCann]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-06-17 | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-02-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | [[Íomhá:William O'Brien.png|center|128px]] | [[William O'Brien (Páirtí an Lucht Oibre)|William O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-01-23 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-10-31 | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | | [[Henry Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-09-07 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-25 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | [[Íomhá:H. M. Dockrell 1948 election pamphlet (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Morgan Dockrell]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-10-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | | [[Mervyn Taylor]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-12-01 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | [[Íomhá:Hugh Leonard, Playwright, 2004.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hugh Leonard]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-11-09 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-12 | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | [[Íomhá:Humphrey Lloyd.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Humphrey Lloyd]] | data-sort-value="1800" | 1800-04-16 | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-01-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | | [[Alan Kelly (imreoir)|Alan Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-05 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-05-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | | [[Paddy Belton]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-06-25 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-05-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | [[Íomhá:Séamus Brennan Jan 2008.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Brennan|Séamus Ó Braonáin]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-16 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-07-09 | [[Bóthar na Trá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | | [[William Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-02-12 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-11-16 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | [[Íomhá:Rory O'Connor Stone Carving.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair]] | data-sort-value="1116" | 1116 | data-sort-value="1198" | 1198-12-02 | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | [[Íomhá:James Campbell, Vanity Fair, 1909-08-25.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Campbell]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-04-04 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-03-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | [[Íomhá:James Clarence Mangan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Ó Mangáin]] | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-05-01 | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849-06-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | [[Íomhá:Jim Gibbons, 1979 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim Gibbons]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-08-03 | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-12-20 | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 314 | | [[Séamas Ó hArgadáin]] | data-sort-value="1782" | 1782 | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855 | [[Cathair na Mart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 315 | [[Íomhá:James Tully, 1954 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Tully]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-09-18 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-20 | [[Droichead Chearbhalláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 316 | | [[Martin O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-01-20 | [[Inis Díomáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 317 | | [[Jerry Cronin]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-09-15 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-10-19 | [[Mainistir Fhear Maí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 318 | [[Íomhá:Seán Garland.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Garland]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-03-07 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-12-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 319 | [[Íomhá:JoeDolan1975.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-10-16 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-12-26 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 320 | [[Íomhá:Ardara Sculpture of John Doherty by Redmond Herrity 2014 09 05.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Doherty]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895<br/>1900 | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-26 | [[Ard an Rátha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 321 | [[Íomhá:Sean MacEoin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Eoin]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-09-30 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-07 | [[Béal Átha na Lao]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 322 | [[Íomhá:JJ O'Kelly, circa 1918 to 1931.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Ceallaigh (Sceilg)|Seán Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-03-26 | [[Oileán Dairbhre]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 323 | [[Íomhá:James Stephens Fenian.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamas Mac Stiofáin]] | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-01-26 | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-04-28 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 324 | [[Íomhá:Sean Keating self-portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Céitinn]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-09-28 | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-12-21 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 325 | [[Íomhá:Peadar O'Donnell, 1930.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peadar O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-02-22 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-05-13 | [[An Clochán Liath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 326 | [[Íomhá:Máiréad Ní Ghráda.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máiréad Ní Ghráda]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-12-23 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-06-13 | [[Cill Mháille]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 327 | [[Íomhá:Farrenmark.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Mark Farren]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05-01 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-02-03 | [[Dún na nGall (baile)|Dún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 328 | | [[Brian O'Shea]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-12-09 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-28 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 329 | [[Íomhá:Emmet Stagg, circa 2002 02.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Emmet Stagg]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-10-01 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-03-17 | [[Maolla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 330 | | [[Oilibhéar Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-07-13 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-03-09 | [[Baile Mhic Andáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 331 | | [[Tomás de Bhaldraithe]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-12-14 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-04-24 | ''[[:d:Q65559040|Baile na Cora]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 332 | | [[Brian O'Doherty]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-05-04 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-11-07 | [[Bealach an Doirín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 333 | [[Íomhá:Eamonn Andrews, 1954.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eamonn Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-12-19 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-11-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 334 | | [[Vivion de Valera]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-12-13 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-02-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 335 | | [[Sinéad de Valera]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-06-03 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-07 | [[Baile Brigín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 336 | [[Íomhá:Dinneen by Yeats.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ua Duinnín]] | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860-12-25 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-09-29 | [[An Ráth Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 337 | | [[Seosamh Mac Grianna]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-01-15 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-11 | [[Rann na Feirste]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 338 | | [[Michael Davitt (file)|Michael Davitt]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-04-20 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-06-19 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 339 | | [[Caitlín Maude]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-06-06 | [[Casla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 340 | [[Íomhá:Seán-south.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Sabhat]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-01 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 341 | | [[Tomás Mac Síomóin]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-02-19 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-02-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 342 | | [[Máire Mullarney]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921-09-01 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-08-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 343 | [[Íomhá:Daniel Breen police notice1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dan Breen|Dónall Ó Braoin]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-08-11 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-12-27 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 344 | [[Íomhá:Gay Byrne.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Gay Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-08-05 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-11-04 | [[Rialto]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 345 | [[Íomhá:Isle of Iona, St. Oran's Chapel doorway - geograph.org.uk - 921177.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Odhrán]] | data-sort-value="450" | 5th century | data-sort-value="563" | 563 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 346 | [[Íomhá:Timothy Daniel Sullivan00.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Timothy Daniel Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827-05-29 | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-03-31 | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 347 | [[Íomhá:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-08594, Daniel A. Binchy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[D. A. Binchy]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-06-03 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-05-04 | [[An Ráth, Contae Chorcaí|An Ráth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 348 | [[Íomhá:William Strutt, Portrait of Robert O'Hara Burke, 1860.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert O'Hara Burke]] | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821-05-06 | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-06-28<br/>1861-07-01 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 349 | [[Íomhá:Peter von Lacy.PNG|center|128px]] | [[Peadar de Lása]] | data-sort-value="1678" | 1678-09-29 | data-sort-value="1751" | 1751-04-19 | [[Cill Íde]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 350 | [[Íomhá:Cathalbrugha.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Brugha]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-07-18 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-07-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 351 | | [[Máirtín Ó Cadhain]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-01-04 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-10-18 | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 352 | [[Íomhá:Gen. Richard Mulcahy LCCN2014717121.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Risteárd Ó Maolchatha]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-05-10 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-12-16 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 353 | [[Íomhá:Maturin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles Maturin]] | data-sort-value="1782" | 1782-09-25 | data-sort-value="1824" | 1824-10-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 354 | [[Íomhá:Saint Virgilius, Salzburg.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Feargal]] | data-sort-value="700" | 700 | data-sort-value="784" | 784-11-27 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 355 | [[Íomhá:Paddy Keenan ACF.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paddy Keenan]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-01-30 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-09-09 | [[Baile Átha Troim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 356 | [[Íomhá:James Fintan Lalor (Young Irelander).jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Fintan Lalor (Éire Óg)|James Fintan Lalor]] | data-sort-value="1807" | 1807-03-10 | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849-12-27 | ''[[:d:Q136402282|Tenakill House]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 357 | [[Íomhá:DionBoucicault.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dion Boucicault]] | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-12-26 | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-09-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 358 | | [[Niall Caille]] | data-sort-value="850" | 9th century | data-sort-value="846" | 846 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 359 | [[Íomhá:Statue St Finnian of Clonard (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Fionnán (Cluain Ioraird)|Fionnán Chluain Ioraird]] | data-sort-value="470" | 470 | data-sort-value="549" | 549<br/>552 | [[Míseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 360 | [[Íomhá:James Everett, 1949.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Everett]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-05-01 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-12-18 | ''[[:d:Q104276727|Ráth Droma]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 361 | [[Íomhá:Brian-Crowley-Ireland-MIP-Europaparlament-by-Leila-Paul-1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Mac Amhlaidh]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-04 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-23 | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 362 | | [[Seán Treacy]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-09-22 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-03-23 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 363 | | [[Hugh O'Flaherty]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-02-28 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-30 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 364 | [[Íomhá:Drbarnardo.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas John Barnardo]] | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845-07-04 | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-09-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 365 | | [[Patrick Hogan (Ceann Comhairle)|Patrick Hogan]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-01-01 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-01-24 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 366 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of George Brown.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seoirse de Brún]] | data-sort-value="1698" | 1698-06-15 | data-sort-value="1792" | 1792-02-18<br/>1792-09-18 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 367 | [[Íomhá:Art O'Connor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Art O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-10 | [[Cill Droichid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 368 | [[Íomhá:John Thomas Romney Robinson by James Simonton c1850s.png|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Romney Robinson|John Thomas Romney Robinson]] | data-sort-value="1792" | 1792-04-23 | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-02-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 369 | [[Íomhá:Oliver Plunket by Edward Luttrell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Oilibhéar Pluincéad|Oilibhéar Pluincéid]] | data-sort-value="1629" | 1629-11-01 | data-sort-value="1681" | 1681-07-01 | [[Loch Craobh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 370 | | [[Robert Hilliard]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-04-07 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-02-22 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 371 | [[Íomhá:Comandante John Riley 1848, bust Mexico.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Pádraig Ó Raghallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1824" | 1824-02-08 | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-10-10 | [[An Clochán (Contae na Gaillimhe)|An Clochán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 372 | | [[Seán Doherty (Ros Comáin)|Seán Ó Dochartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-06-29 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-06-07 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 373 | | [[Seán Gibbons]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-05-31 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-19 | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 374 | | [[Seán Goulding]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-12-15 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 375 | | [[Seán Sherwin]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-12 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-04-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 376 | [[Íomhá:Window depicting St. Kieran, Seir Kieran Church, Bell Hill.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciarán Saighre]] | data-sort-value="500" | 1st millennium<br/>375 | data-sort-value="530" | 530 | [[Cléire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 377 | [[Íomhá:Val Doonican.png|center|128px]] | [[Val Doonican]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-02-03 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-07-02<br/>2015-07-01 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 378 | [[Íomhá:Seumas Burke LCCN2014716858.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Burke|Séamus Búrc]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-06-14 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-01-01 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 379 | | [[Séamus Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-12-10 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-08-10 | [[An Blaic]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 380 | [[Íomhá:Mike McTigue.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mike McTigue]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-11-26 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-08-12 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 381 | [[Íomhá:Wexford Church of the Immaculate Conception South Aisle Window Saint Laurentius O Toole Detail 2010 09 29.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lorcán Ua Tuathail]] | data-sort-value="1128" | 1128 | data-sort-value="1180" | 1180-11-14 | [[Díseart Diarmada]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 382 | [[Íomhá:Michealod.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Domhnaill|Micheál Ó Domhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-07<br/>1952-10-07 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-07-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 383 | [[Íomhá:Thomas William Croke 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Croke]] | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-28 | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-07-22 | ''[[:d:Q60554581|Cill Bhrain]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 384 | | [[Thomas Finlay]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-09-17 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-12-03 | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 385 | [[Íomhá:Thomas J. Fitzpatrick 1984.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas J. Fitzpatrick (An Cabhán)|Thomas J. Fitzpatrick]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-02-14 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-10-02 | [[Cluain Eois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 386 | | [[Thomas Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-12-18 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-14 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 387 | | [[Séamus Ó Beaglaoich]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-01-09 | [[Baile na bPoc, Paróiste Mórdhach|Baile na bPoc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 388 | | [[Tom Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921-07-27 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-08-17 | [[Míseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 389 | | [[Joe Heaney|Seosamh Ó hÉanaí]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-10-15 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-05-01 | [[An Aird Thoir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 390 | [[Íomhá:01 St. Ruadhan, James Watson & Co., Youghal Stained Glass, at St. Ruadhan Church in Lorrha.png|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Ruadhán]] | | data-sort-value="584" | 584-04-15 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 391 | | [[Donncha Ó Cochláin]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-06-07 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-06-05 | [[An Linn Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 392 | | [[Denis Cullen]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-09-23 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-11-26 | [[Domhnach Bat]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 393 | [[Íomhá:Denis Daly, 1922 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Daly (Ciarraí)|Denis Daly]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-21 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 394 | | [[Denis Farrelly]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-09-18 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-12-27 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 395 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Denis Florence McCarthy P549.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Florence MacCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1817" | 1817-05-26 | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-04-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 396 | [[Íomhá:Denis Gorey, 1931.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Gorey]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-05-25 | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-02-20 | [[Callainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 397 | | [[Denis Heskin]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-02-17 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-04-30 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 398 | | [[Denis Jones]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-10-12 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-05-06 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 399 | | [[Dearbhorghaill iníon Mhurchaidh Uí Mhaoil Sheachlainn|Derbforgaill]] | data-sort-value="1108" | 1108 | data-sort-value="1193" | 1193 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 400 | [[Íomhá:Derek Keating 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Derek Keating]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-05-16 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-05-06 | [[Baile Formaid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 401 | | [[Dermot O'Mahony]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-04-02 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-04-22 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 402 | [[Íomhá:Derry O`Sullivan poet 41x33cm 2002.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Derry O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-08-16 | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 403 | | [[Desmond Governey]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-09-11 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-12-29 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 404 | | [[Diarmuid Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-01-10 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-11-09 | [[Trácht Fhionn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 405 | | [[Dick Dowling]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-12-12 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-03-30 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 406 | | [[Don Davern]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-03-04 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-02 | [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 407 | [[Íomhá:Donal Creed MEP (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donal Creed]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-09-07 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-11-23 | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 408 | | [[Donal O'Donoghue]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-06-05 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-07-26 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 409 | [[Íomhá:Sean Hales, circa 1910s.png|center|128px]] | [[Sean Hales]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-03-30 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-12-07 | [[Baile na Daibhche]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 410 | [[Íomhá:Tom J. O'Connell, circa 1930s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas J. O'Connell]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-11-21 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-06-22 | [[Cnoc Mhuire, Contae Mhaigh Eo|Cnoc Mhuire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 411 | | [[Óengus mac Óengobann]] | data-sort-value="750" | 8th century | data-sort-value="824" | 824 | [[Contae Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 412 | [[Íomhá:Ernie O'Malley Prison 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Earnán Ó Máille]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-05-26 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-03-25 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 413 | | [[Risteárd Mac Aoidh]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-04-04 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-11-21 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 414 | [[Íomhá:Ada English.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eithne Inglis]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-01-10 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-01-27 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 415 | [[Íomhá:Adrian Hardiman - 20090224.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Adrian Hardiman]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-05-21 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-03-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 416 | [[Íomhá:Agnes O'Farrelly, circa 1890.png|center|128px]] | [[Úna Ní Fhaircheallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-06-24 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-11-05 | [[Achadh an Iúir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 417 | | [[Alexander Haslett]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-09-02 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-01-17 | [[Glasloch]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 418 | [[Íomhá:Alexander McCabe (1922).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alexander McCabe]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-06-05 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05-31 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 419 | | [[Alfred O'Rahilly]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-10-01 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-08-01 | [[Lios Tuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 420 | [[Íomhá:Madame-Alicia-Adelaide-Needham.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alicia Adélaide Needham]] | data-sort-value="1863" | 1863-10-31 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-24 | [[An Seanchaisleán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 421 | [[Íomhá:Tomás Ó Criomhthain.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ó Criomhthain]] | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-03-07 | [[Na Blascaodaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 422 | [[Íomhá:James Napper Tandy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Napper Tandy]] | data-sort-value="1740" | 1740 | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-08-24 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 423 | [[Íomhá:Domhnall Ua Buachalla circa 1916.png|center|128px]] | [[Domhnall Ua Buachalla]] | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-02-05 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-30 | [[Maigh Nuad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 424 | [[Íomhá:John McCormack, 1884-1945 LCCN2003677331.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John McCormack]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-06-14 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-16 | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 425 | | [[Seathrún Céitinn]] | data-sort-value="1569" | 1569 | data-sort-value="1644" | 1644 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 426 | [[Íomhá:Terry Wogan MBE Investiture cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Terry Wogan]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-08-03 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-01-31 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 427 | [[Íomhá:Ron Delany 1957.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ronnie Delany]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-03-06 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-03-11 | [[An tInbhear Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 428 | [[Íomhá:PSM V79 D211 George Johnston Stoney.png|center|128px]] | [[George Johnstone Stoney]] | data-sort-value="1826" | 1826-02-15 | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-07-05 | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 429 | | [[Conchúr Crús Ó Briain]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-11-04 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-12-18 | [[Ráth Maonais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 430 | [[Íomhá:Paddy Maloney of the Chieftains (214371161) (cropped2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paddy Moloney]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-08-01 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-10-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 431 | [[Íomhá:Birr St. Brendan's Church Saint Kieran Window Detail 2010 09 10.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Ciarán]] | data-sort-value="516" | 516 | data-sort-value="546" | 546 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 432 | [[Íomhá:Gabriel Rosenstock.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gabriel Rosenstock]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-29 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-04-06 | [[Cill Fhíonáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 433 | [[Íomhá:MichaelHartnett.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Micheál Ó hAirtnéide]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-18 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-10-13 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 434 | [[Íomhá:Robert Kane (chemist).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Kane]] | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809-09-24 | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-02-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 435 | [[Íomhá:Adhemar de Barros e Patrick Peyton (1964).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Peyton]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-01-09 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-06-03 | [[Áth Tí an Mheasaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 436 | | [[Austin Clarke]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-05-09 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 437 | [[Íomhá:Diarmaid Mac Murrough Expugnatio Hibernica.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmaid Mac Murchadha]] | data-sort-value="1110" | 1110 | data-sort-value="1171" | 1171-05-01 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 438 | [[Íomhá:Bobby Aylward.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bobby Aylward]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-04-01 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-07-14 | [[Muileann an Bhata]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 439 | | [[Bobby Molloy]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-09 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-10-02 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 440 | [[Íomhá:Kirwan Richard portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Kirwan]] | data-sort-value="1733" | 1733-08-01 | data-sort-value="1812" | 1812-06-01<br/>1812-06-22 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 441 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Corish 1949.png|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Corish|Breandán Mac Fheorais]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-11-19 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-17 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 442 | | [[Peadar de Bhulbh]] | data-sort-value="1727" | 1727 | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 443 | [[Íomhá:Brian Lenihan, July 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Seosamh Ó Luineacháin]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-05-21 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-06-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 444 | [[Íomhá:Brian Lenihan, 1981 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Pádraig Ó Luineacháin]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-11-17 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-11-01 | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 445 | [[Íomhá:George Charles Beresford - William Orpen (1903).jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Orpen]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-11-27 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-09-29 | [[Stigh Lorgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 446 | [[Íomhá:Declans church.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Deaglán]] | data-sort-value="500" | 5th century | data-sort-value="500" | 5th century | [[Cúige Mumhan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 447 | [[Íomhá:Sir John Lavery – His Eminence Cardinal Logue.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Logue]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840-10-01 | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-11-19 | [[Cill Mhic Réanáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 448 | | [[Ceann Faoladh mac Blathmaic]] | | data-sort-value="675" | 675 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 449 | | [[Edward Kelly (Muineacháin)|Edward Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-10-06 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-04-23 | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 450 | [[Íomhá:John Doyle by Henry Edward Doyle mw01929.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1797" | 1797 | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-01-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 451 | [[Íomhá:Christie Hennessy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Christie Hennessy]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-11-19 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-12-11 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 452 | [[Íomhá:Christopher Byrne, 1920s (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Christopher Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-05 | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 453 | [[Íomhá:Christydignam.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Christy Dignam]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-23 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-06-13 | [[Fionnghlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 454 | | [[Ciarán Mac Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-11-26 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-12-11 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 455 | | [[Clement Coughlan]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-14 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-02-01 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 456 | [[Íomhá:Colm de Bhailís.png|center|128px]] | [[Colm de Bhailís]] | data-sort-value="1796" | 1796-05-02 | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-02-27 | [[Leitir Mealláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 457 | [[Íomhá:Saint Colman MacDuagh window, Hugh Lane Gallery.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colmán mac Duach]] | data-sort-value="550" | 550<br/>6th century | data-sort-value="632" | 632-10-29 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 458 | [[Íomhá:Con Collins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conchubhar Ó Coileáin]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-11-13 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-11-23 | ''[[:d:Q65559960|Aránach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 459 | | [[Con Meaney]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-12-08 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-09-11 | [[Sráid an Mhuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 460 | [[Íomhá:David Patrick Moran.png|center|128px]] | [[D.P. Moran|David Patrick Moran]] | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-03-22 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-01-31 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 461 | | [[Dan Desmond]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-10-03 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-12-09 | [[Bun an Tábhairne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 462 | [[Íomhá:Dankeating.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dan Keating]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-01-02 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-10-02 | [[Caisleán na Mainge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 463 | | [[Dan Spring]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-07-01 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-01-01 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 464 | | [[Donncha Ó Dúlaing]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-03-15 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-04 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 465 | | [[Donnchadh Ó Briain]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-11-17 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-09-22 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 466 | | [[Donnchadh Ó Corráin]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-28 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-10-25 | ''[[:d:Q104308060|Graighin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 467 | [[Íomhá:Dora Sigerson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dora Sigerson Shorter]] | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-08-16 | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-01-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 468 | | [[Dorothy Stopford-Price]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-09-09 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-01-30<br/>1954-01-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 469 | | [[Dónall Mac Amhlaigh]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-27 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 470 | | [[Edward Conway]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-07-03 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-12-29 | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 471 | | [[Eamon Corbett]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-21 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 472 | | [[Eamon Dee]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-09-07 | [[Dún Garbhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 473 | | [[Eamon Rice]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-04-26 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-11-07 | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 474 | | [[Eamonn Coogan]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-11-30 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-01-22 | [[Caisleán an Chomair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 475 | | [[Eamonn Cooney]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-02-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 476 | | [[Éamon Ó Ciosáin]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-01-13 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-05-20 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 477 | | [[Éamonn Ó Néill]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-11-03 | [[Cionn tSáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 478 | [[Íomhá:Eavan Boland in 1996.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eavan Boland]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-24 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-04-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 479 | | [[Eddie Filgate]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-09-16 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-01-19 | [[Lú, Contae Lú|Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 480 | | [[Eddie Fullerton]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-02-09 | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-05-25 | [[Dún na nGall (baile)|Dún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 481 | | [[Edmond Carey]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-03-06 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-03-26 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 482 | | [[Edward Aylward]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-02-01 | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 483 | | [[Edward Cotter]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-06-27 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-12-11 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 484 | [[Íomhá:Edward John Gwynn.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Gwynn]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-04-01 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-02-10 | [[Ráth Mealtain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 485 | | [[Daniel Bourke|Daniel Búrc]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-13 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 486 | | [[Daniel Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-10-05 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-06-09 | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 487 | | [[Daniel Corkery]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-09-20 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-04-23 | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 488 | | [[Daniel Corkery (údar)|Daniel Corkery]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-02-14 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-12-31 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 489 | | [[Daniel McCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-01-22 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-03-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 490 | | [[Daniel McMenamin]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-03-01 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-02-13 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 491 | | [[Daniel Moloney]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-10-14 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-26 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 492 | | [[Daniel O'Leary (Fine Gael)|Daniel O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-09-01 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-31 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 493 | | [[Dan O’Rourke|Daniel O'Rourke]] | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-08-04 | [[Cluainín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 494 | | [[Daniel Vaughan]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-07-27 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-23 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 495 | | [[Darach Ó Catháin]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | ''[[:d:Q65955633|An Máimín]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 496 | [[Íomhá:Darrell Figgis, 1924.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Darrell Figgis]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-09-17 | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-10-27 | [[Ráth Maonais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 497 | | [[David Madden]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-07-31 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 498 | | [[David O'Gorman]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | [[Eochaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 499 | | [[Declan Costello]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-08-01 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-06-06 | [[Fionnradharc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 500 | | [[Denis Allen]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-01-02 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-29 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 501 | | [[Edward Moane]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-08-02 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-11 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 502 | | [[Edward Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805 | data-sort-value="1850" | 1850-08-06 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 503 | | [[Eighneachán Ó hAnnluain]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-12-14 | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 504 | | [[Eileen Cassidy]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-08-22 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-10-06 | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 505 | [[Íomhá:Eithne Coyle circa 1910s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eithne Ní Cumhaill]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | [[An Fál Carrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 506 | [[Íomhá:Professor Eleanor Maguire FMedSci FRS.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eleanor Maguire]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-03-27 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-01-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 507 | [[Íomhá:Elizabeth O'Farrell, circa 1910s.png|center|128px]] | [[Elizabeth O'Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-11-05 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-06-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 508 | | [[Ellen Hutchins]] | data-sort-value="1785" | 1785-03-17 | data-sort-value="1815" | 1815-02-09 | [[Béal Átha Leice]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 509 | | [[Eoghan an Mhéirín Mac Cárthaigh|Eoghan Mac Cárthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1691" | 1691 | data-sort-value="1756" | 1756 | [[An Eatharla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 510 | | [[Eoghan Rua Mac an Bhaird]] | data-sort-value="1570" | 1570 | data-sort-value="1630" | 1630 | ''[[:d:Q60554538|Cill Bharrainn]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 511 | | [[Patrick Power (Staraí Éireannach)|Patrick Power]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-03-08 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 512 | | [[Ernest Alton]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-09-21 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-18 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 513 | [[Íomhá:JJ Walsh Mugshots.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-02-20 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-11-30 | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 514 | | [[Eugene Doherty]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-01-22 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-05-01 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 515 | | [[Eugene Gilbride]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-10-01 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-03-11 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 516 | [[Íomhá:Eva Selina Laura Gore-Booth (c. late1880s).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eva Gore-Booth]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-05-22 | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-06-30 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 517 | | [[Eva Philbin]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-01-04 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-06-24 | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 518 | | [[Evie Hone]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-04-22 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-03-13 | ''[[:d:Q54870214|Reabóg]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 519 | [[Íomhá:Agnes Mary Clerke portrait photo.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Agnes Mary Clerke]] | data-sort-value="1842" | 1842-02-10 | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-01-20 | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 520 | [[Íomhá:JohnO'Mahony1867 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1815" | 1815-01-12 | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-02-07<br/>1877-02-06 | ''[[:d:Q104312834|Loch an Eanaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 521 | [[Íomhá:Sihtric 989 1036 ruler of Dublin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sitric II]] | data-sort-value="970" | 970 | data-sort-value="1042" | 1042 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 522 | | [[William J. Murphy (Páirtí an Lucht Oibre)|William J. Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-05-17 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-09-17 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 523 | [[Íomhá:William Norton circa 1927 to 1932.png|center|128px]] | [[William Norton|Liam Ó Neachtain]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 524 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Cardinal Moran.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Francis Moran]] | data-sort-value="1830" | 1830-09-16 | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-08-16 | [[Leithghlinn an Droichid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 525 | [[Íomhá:Lord Edward Fitzgerald by Hugh Douglas Hamilton.jpg|center|128px]] | [[an Tiarna Éadbhard Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1763" | 1763-10-15 | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798-06-04 | ''[[:d:Q5047391|Teach Carton]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 526 | [[Íomhá:GenPEConnor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Edward Connor]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-03-17 | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-12-17 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 527 | [[Íomhá:William Lamport.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Lamport]] | data-sort-value="1611" | 1611<br/>1615 | data-sort-value="1659" | 1659-11-19 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 528 | [[Íomhá:AlexanderMitchellWithDundalkBayInRearGround Portrait 1873 OilOnCanvas ByRobertHooke BelfastHarbourCommissioners.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alexander Mitchell]] | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780-04-13 | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-06-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 529 | | [[Alexis FitzGerald Óg]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-07 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-07-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 530 | [[Íomhá:Alfred Byrne.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Alfie Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-03-17 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 531 | | [[Alfred P. Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 532 | [[Íomhá:Raiftearaí.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Antoine Raiftearaí|Antaine Raiftearaí]] | data-sort-value="1779" | 1779-03-30 | data-sort-value="1835" | 1835-12-25 | ''[[:d:Q60555058|Cill Liadáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 533 | | [[Tomás Ó Rathile]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-11-11<br/>1883-11-11 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-16 | [[Lios Tuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 534 | [[Íomhá:Jim stynes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim Stynes]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-04-23 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-03-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 535 | [[Íomhá:Gaelic Chieftain.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aodh Rua Ó Dónaill]] | data-sort-value="1572" | 1572-10-30 | data-sort-value="1602" | 1602-09-10 | [[Leifear]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 536 | [[Íomhá:Sculpture of Brian Merriman, Ennistymon - geograph.org.uk - 1602652.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Mac Giolla Meidhre]] | data-sort-value="1749" | 1749 | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805-07-27 | [[Inis Díomáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 537 | | [[Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair]] | data-sort-value="1088" | 1088 | data-sort-value="1156" | 1156 | [[Cúige Chonnacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 538 | [[Íomhá:Milo O'Shea 1967.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Milo O'Shea]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-06-02 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-04-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 539 | [[Íomhá:Daniel Morrissey 1927.png|center|128px]] | [[Daniel Morrissey]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-11-28 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01-01 | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 540 | [[Íomhá:Cormac Breathnach 1933 (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Cormac Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-29 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]]<br/>''[[:d:Q65557497|An Chnapóg]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 541 | | [[T. P. McKenna]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-09-07 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-02-13 | [[An Mullach, Contae an Chabháin|An Mullach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 542 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Derrig.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ó Deirg]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-11-26 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-19 | [[Cathair na Mart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 543 | [[Íomhá:Blason famille ie Fitzgerald de Desmond.svg|center|128px]] | [[Gearailt Mac Gearailt, 14ú Iarla Dheasumhan]] | data-sort-value="1533" | 1533 | data-sort-value="1583" | 1583-11-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 544 | | [[Patrick O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-08-21 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-10-04 | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 545 | [[Íomhá:Ernest Henry Shackleton Nadar.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ernest Shackleton]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-02-15 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-01-05 | [[Caisleán Cill Chá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 546 | [[Íomhá:JohnPhilipHolland.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Pilib Ó Maolchalann]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840-02-29 | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-08-12 | [[Lios Ceannúir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 547 | [[Íomhá:Full length picture, Kevin O'Higgins, Minister of Home Affairs (23878736159) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin O’Higgins|Caoimhín Ó hUiginn]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-06-07 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-07-10 | [[An Sráidbhaile, Contae Laoise|An Sráidbhaile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 548 | [[Íomhá:Eoin O'Duffy.png|center|128px]] | [[Eoin O'Duffy|Eoin Ó Dubhthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-10-20 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-11-30 | [[Baile na Lorgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 549 | [[Íomhá:Peter Sutherland (1985).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Sutherland]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-04-25 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-01-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 550 | | [[Darren Sutherland]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-04-18 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-14 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 551 | [[Íomhá:RobertChildersBarton.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Riobárd Bartún]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-03-14 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-08-10 | [[Áth na mBó]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 552 | [[Íomhá:Thomas mac curtain.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Mac Curtáin]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-03-20 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-03-20 | ''[[:d:Q81933233|Baile an Chnocáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 553 | [[Íomhá:Éamonn Ceannt.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Éamonn Ceannt]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-09-21 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-08 | [[Béal Átha Mó]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 554 | [[Íomhá:Mick lally.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Micheál Ó Maolallaí]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-11-10 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-08-31 | [[Tuar Mhic Éadaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 555 | [[Íomhá:Edouard Manet Georges Moore.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Moore (úrscéalaí)|George Moore]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-02-24 | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-01-21 | ''[[:d:Q805406|An Baile Glas]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 556 | [[Íomhá:Daguerrotipo Brown.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Brown (aimiréal)|William Brown]] | data-sort-value="1777" | 1777-06-22 | data-sort-value="1857" | 1857-03-14<br/>1857-03-03 | [[Béal Easa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 557 | [[Íomhá:Seán Moylan, c. 1920 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Moylan]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-11-19 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-11-16 | [[Cill Mocheallóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 558 | [[Íomhá:Michael Kelly by Adele Romany.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Kelly (teanór agus fear amharclainne)|Michael Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1762" | 1762-12-25 | data-sort-value="1826" | 1826-10-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 559 | [[Íomhá:Harry Clarke (photo).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Harry Clarke]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-03-17 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-01-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 560 | [[Íomhá:Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland (1916) (14780125542).jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Petrie]] | data-sort-value="1790" | 1790-01-01 | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-01-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 561 | [[Íomhá:Robert Alexander Stewart Macalister - 1870-to-1950.jpg|center|128px]] | [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Alexander Stewart MacAlister]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-07-08 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-04-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 562 | [[Íomhá:RobertMallet.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Mallet]] | data-sort-value="1810" | 1810-06-03 | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-11-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 563 | [[Íomhá:George Charles Beresford 1934-5.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Charles Beresford]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-07-10 | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-02-21 | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 564 | [[Íomhá:Donal-lunny-the-basement-sydney-australia-24-03-06.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donal Lunny]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-03-10 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-10-23 | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 565 | [[Íomhá:Tom O'Donnell, 1982 (cropped).tif|center|128px]] | [[Tom O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-08-30 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-10-08 | ''[[:d:Q104313425|Builgidín]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 566 | [[Íomhá:Robert McClure.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert McClure]] | data-sort-value="1807" | 1807-01-28 | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-10-17 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 567 | [[Íomhá:TJ Murphy Cork Labour.png|center|128px]] | [[Timothy J. Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-07-17 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-04-29 | [[Cluain Droichead]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 568 | [[Íomhá:MarcusDaly.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marcus Daly]] | data-sort-value="1841" | 1841-12-05 | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-11-12 | [[Baile Shéamais Dhuibh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 569 | [[Íomhá:VioletGibson1926.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Violet Gibson]] | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876-08-31 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 570 | [[Íomhá:David Andrews.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-03-15 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-06-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 571 | [[Íomhá:Robert Adams Irish Surgeon.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Adams]] | data-sort-value="1791" | 1791 | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-01-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 572 | | [[Frank Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-12-28 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-02-28 | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 573 | [[Íomhá:John Devoy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Dubhuí]] | data-sort-value="1842" | 1842-09-03 | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-09-29 | ''[[:d:Q2084287|An Chill]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 574 | | [[Seán Mac Fhionnghaile]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-11-01 | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 575 | [[Íomhá:Eliza lynch 1864.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eliza Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1835" | 1835-03-06 | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-07-27 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 576 | | [[Breandán Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-04-01 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-11-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 577 | | [[Cathal Goulding|Cathal Ó Goillín]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-01-02 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-12-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 578 | [[Íomhá:Christy Ring visits (1) 1956 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Criostóir Ó Rinn]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-10-12 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-03-02 | [[Cluain, Contae Chorcaí|Cluain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 579 | [[Íomhá:Ciaran O Lionaird (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciarán Ó Lionaird|Ciarán Ó Lionáird]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-04-11 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-06-09 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 580 | [[Íomhá:Constance Smith in Man in the Attic.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Constance Smith]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-01-22 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-06-30 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 581 | | [[Dónal Ó Caoimh]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-06-02 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-06-02 | [[Mainistir Fhear Maí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 582 | | [[Diarmaid mac Maoil na mBó|Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó]] | | data-sort-value="1072" | 1072-02-07 | [[Fearna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 583 | [[Íomhá:D-keane-1985 Restored.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dolores Keane]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-26 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-03-16 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 584 | | [[Domnall Mór Ua Briain|Domhnall Mór Ó Briain]] | | data-sort-value="1194" | 1194 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 585 | [[Íomhá:Stowe Missal cumdach (inverted).png|center|128px]] | [[Donnchadh mac Briain|Donnchad mac Briain]] | data-sort-value="980" | 980<br/>981 | data-sort-value="1064" | 1064 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 586 | [[Íomhá:Talbot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Matt Talbot]] | data-sort-value="1856" | 1856-05-02 | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-06-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 587 | [[Íomhá:Major John MacBride.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John MacBride (réabhlóidí)|Seán Mac Giolla Bhríde]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-05-07 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-05 | [[Cathair na Mart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 588 | [[Íomhá:Image reproduced by permission of the National Folklore Collection, University Dublin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eibhlís Uí Chróinín (amhránaí ar an sean-nós)|Eibhlís Uí Chróinín]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-05-29 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-02 | ''[[:d:Q65558645|An Ráth Thiar]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 589 | [[Íomhá:Sean-Heuston.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Heuston]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-02-21 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 590 | [[Íomhá:SeamusEnnis.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Ennis]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-05-05 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-10-05 | [[Fionnghlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 591 | | [[Alec Reid]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-08-05 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 592 | | [[Fiach mac Aodha Ó Broin]] | data-sort-value="1534" | 1534 | data-sort-value="1597" | 1597-05-08 | [[Síol Éalaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 593 | | [[Francis Browne]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-01-03 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-07-07 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 594 | [[Íomhá:Pictiúr fíorach.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Graham Knuttel]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 595 | | [[Margaretta Bowen]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-01-01 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 596 | | [[Roddy Connolly]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-02-11 | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-12-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 597 | [[Íomhá:William Dargan - Project Gutenberg eText 17293.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Dargan]] | data-sort-value="1799" | 1799-02-28 | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867-02-07 | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 598 | | [[Gus Healy]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-05-20 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-10 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 599 | [[Íomhá:Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington, circa 1920.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-05-24 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-04-20 | [[Ceann Toirc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 600 | | [[Helena Molony]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-01-15 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-01-28<br/>1967-01-29 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 601 | [[Íomhá:ThomasAddisEmmet.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Addis Emmet]] | data-sort-value="1764" | 1764-04-24 | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827-11-14 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 602 | | [[Henry Barron (breitheamh)|Henry Barron]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-05-25 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-02-25 | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 603 | [[Íomhá:Dublin Old Library Trinity College 05.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Joseph Monck Mason]] | data-sort-value="1778" | 1778-07-15 | data-sort-value="1858" | 1858-04-14 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 604 | [[Íomhá:Henry Kelly hosting 'After Dark' (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-04-17 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-02-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 605 | | [[Henry McDevitt]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-01-04 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 606 | [[Íomhá:Tom Hales, circa 1920s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tom Hales]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-03-05 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-04-29 | [[Baile na Daibhche]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 607 | [[Íomhá:Timothy Harrington.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Timothy Harrington]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851 | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-03-12 | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 608 | [[Íomhá:Edmund Ignatius Rice.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Éamann Iognáid Rís]] | data-sort-value="1762" | 1762-06-01 | data-sort-value="1844" | 1844-08-29 | [[Callainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 609 | | [[Cormac Breslin]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-04-25 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-01-23 | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 610 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Isaac Butt.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Isaac Butt]] | data-sort-value="1813" | 1813-09-06 | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-05-05 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 611 | | [[Fearghal mac Maoil Dúin]] | | data-sort-value="722" | 722-12-11 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 612 | [[Íomhá:Dublin St. Patrick's Cathedral North Transept Window King Cormac of Cashel Detail King Cormac 2012 09 26.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cormac mac Cuileannáin]] | data-sort-value="801" | 9th century<br/>836 | data-sort-value="908" | 908-09-13 | [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 613 | | [[Conghalach Chnóbha|Congalach Cnogba]] | data-sort-value="950" | 10th century | data-sort-value="956" | 956 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 614 | | [[Domhnall mac Aodha]] | data-sort-value="501" | 6th century | data-sort-value="642" | 642-01 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 615 | | [[Aodh Allán]] | data-sort-value="601" | 7th century | data-sort-value="743" | 743 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 616 | | [[Fíonsneachta Fleách mac Dúnchadha]] | data-sort-value="650" | 7th century | data-sort-value="695" | 695 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 617 | [[Íomhá:DaisyBates1921-2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Daisy Bates]] | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859-10-16<br/>1859-01 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-18 | [[Ros Cré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 618 | [[Íomhá:Daniel Maclise1857Lithograph.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Daniel Maclise]] | data-sort-value="1806" | 1806-01-25 | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-04-25<br/>1870-04-26 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 619 | [[Íomhá:Daniel Mannix 1926.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Daniel Mannix]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-03-04 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-11-06 | [[An Ráth, Contae Chorcaí|An Ráth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 620 | | [[Denis J. O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-03-05 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-20 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 621 | [[Íomhá:Dermot Earley 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmuid Ó Mochóir (Mór)|Diarmuid Ó Mochóir]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-24 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-06-23 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 622 | [[Íomhá:Father Ted's wax figure.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dermot Morgan]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-03-31 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-02-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 623 | [[Íomhá:Desmond O'Malley, 1979 (election box crop).tif|center|128px]] | [[Deasún Ó Máille]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-02-02<br/>1939-02-01 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-07-21 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 624 | [[Íomhá:Liamlynchira.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Ó Loingsigh]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-11-20 | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-04-10 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 625 | | [[John O'Donohue]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-01-01 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-01-03 | [[Cúige Chonnacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 626 | | [[Donnchadha Ó Máille]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921-01 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-03-10 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 627 | [[Íomhá:Joseph McGrath 1922.png|center|128px]] | [[Joseph McGrath (réabhlóidí agus fear gnó)|Seosamh Mac Craith]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-03-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 628 | | [[Pádraig Ó Donnagáin]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-10-29 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-11-26 | [[Mainistir Bhuithe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 629 | | [[Aodh Fionnliath|Áed Findliath]] | | data-sort-value="879" | 879-11-20 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 630 | | [[Donnchadh Donn|Donnchad Donn]] | data-sort-value="801" | 9th century | data-sort-value="944" | 944 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 631 | [[Íomhá:Victor Herbert.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Victor Herbert]] | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859-02-01 | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-05-26 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]]<br/>[[Geansaí (oileán)|Geansaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 632 | | [[Kieran Crotty]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-08-20 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-07-22 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 633 | | [[Eamonn Casey]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-04-24 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-03-13 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 634 | | [[John McGahern]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-11-12 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-03-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 635 | [[Íomhá:Flann for Érinn.png|center|128px]] | [[Fland Mac Máel Sechnaill|Fland mac Máel Sechnaill]] | data-sort-value="847" | 847<br/>848 | data-sort-value="916" | 916-05-25 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 636 | | [[Domhnall mac Murchadha]] | data-sort-value="601" | 7th century | data-sort-value="763" | 763 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 637 | [[Íomhá:Statue of Pádraic Ó Conaire in Eyre Square Galway.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraic Ó Conaire]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-02-28 | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-10-06 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 638 | [[Íomhá:Whitleystokes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Whitley Stokes]] | data-sort-value="1830" | 1830-02-28 | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-04-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 639 | | [[Patrick Baxter]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-10-01 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-04-03 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 640 | | [[Patrick Lindsay|Patrick J. Lindsay]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-01-18 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-29 | [[Cearnóg Parnell]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 641 | [[Íomhá:Buttevant St. Mary's Church North Window Lower Lights Detail Saint Colman of Cloyne Detail 2012 09 08.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Colmán|Colmán mac Léníne]] | data-sort-value="522" | 522-10-15 | data-sort-value="600" | 600-11-24 | [[Cúige Mumhan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 642 | | [[Donnchad Midi|Donnchad Midi mac Domnaill]] | data-sort-value="733" | 733 | data-sort-value="797" | 797-02-06 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 643 | | [[Conchúr mac Donnchadha|Conchobar mac Donnchada]] | data-sort-value="750" | 8th century | data-sort-value="833" | 833 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 644 | | [[Barney Mellows]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-03-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 645 | | [[Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780<br/>1783-05-01 | data-sort-value="1838" | 1838-11-20 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 646 | [[Íomhá:Louis Hersent-Crossing the bridge at Landshut.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Andrew O'Reilly von Ballinlough]] | data-sort-value="1742" | 1742-08-03<br/>1742 | data-sort-value="1832" | 1832-07-05<br/>1832-04-05 | [[Baile an Locha, Contae Ros Comáin|Baile an Locha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 647 | | [[Andrew Fogarty]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-04-13 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-04-24 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 648 | | [[Andrew Lavin]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-03-26 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 649 | | [[Andrew O'Shaughnessy]] | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-07-28 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 650 | [[Íomhá:Anna Parnell c1878.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anna Parnell|Anna Catherine Parnell]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-05-13 | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q2699632|Teach Avondale]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 651 | [[Íomhá:Annahaslam.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anna Haslam]] | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829-04-06 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-11-28 | [[Eochaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 652 | [[Íomhá:Portrait-of-anne-devlin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anne Devlin]] | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780 | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-09-18 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 653 | | [[Ann Lovett]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-04-06 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-31 | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 654 | | [[Anne Butler Yeats|Anne Yeats]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-05-09 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-07-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 655 | | [[Anthony Barry]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-06-07 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-10-24 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 656 | | [[Art Ó Cléirigh]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-10-25 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-11-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 657 | | [[Augustine Martin]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-11-13 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-10-16 | [[Béal an Átha Móir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 658 | | [[Bang Bang]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-04-19 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 659 | | [[Feargal Quinn]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-11-27 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-04-25 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 660 | [[Íomhá:Roscommon St. Mary's Priory Choir Tomb Effigy 2014 08 28.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Felim mac Cathail Crobdeirg Ua Conchobair]] | | data-sort-value="1265" | 1265 | [[Cúige Chonnacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 661 | | [[Finbarr Dwyer]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09-20 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-02-08 | [[Baile Chaisleáin Bhéarra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 662 | | [[Fintan Coogan, Mór]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-04-13 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-11-04 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 663 | | [[Flor Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-12-27 | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-05-16 | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 664 | | [[Florence Wycherley]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-02-20 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-04-23 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 665 | [[Íomhá:Frances Browne 7.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frances Browne]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-01-16 | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-08-21 | [[Srath an Urláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 666 | [[Íomhá:Frank Cahill.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Francis Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-10-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 667 | | [[Francis Gormley]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-12-20 | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 668 | | [[Francis Humphreys]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-07-28 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-04-19 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 669 | | [[Francis McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-11-30 | [[Tearmann Bearaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 670 | [[Íomhá:FrancisSheehy-Skeffington.gif|center|128px]] | [[Francis Sheehy-Skeffington|Proinsias Mac Síthigh-Sceimhealtún]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-12-23 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-04-26 | [[Coill an Chollaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 671 | | [[Frank Carter]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-07-27 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-07-17 | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 672 | [[Íomhá:Frank Carty, 1927 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank Carty]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-04-03 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-10 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 673 | | [[Frank Drohan]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-08-13 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-05 | [[Carraig na Siúire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 674 | | [[Frank Kerlin]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-11-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 675 | | [[Frank Loughman]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05-13 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 676 | [[Íomhá:Frank MacDermot, 1933.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank MacDermot]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-11-25 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-24 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 677 | | [[Proinnsias de Priondargást]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-07-13 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-02-20 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 678 | | [[Frank Sherwin]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-10-06 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 679 | | [[Frank Stockwell]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-12-07 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-03-09 | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 680 | | [[Frank Taylor]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-05-30 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-04-15 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 681 | | [[Frederick Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-05 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 682 | | [[Honor Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-10-19 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-10-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 683 | | [[Hugh Byrne (Fine Gael)|Hugh Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-07-05 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-04-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 684 | | [[Hugh Colohan]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-09-30 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-04-15 | [[Droichead Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 685 | | [[Hugh Geoghegan]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-05-16 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-07-07 | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 686 | [[Íomhá:Dr Hugh Gibbons.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hugh Gibbons]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-07-06 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-11-13 | [[Béal na mBuillí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 687 | [[Íomhá:John T O'Brien.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Tuathmhumhain Ó Briain]] | data-sort-value="1786" | 1786-06-24 | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-06-01 | [[Bealach Conglais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 688 | [[Íomhá:Frank Ryan from the International Brigades, Zaragoza, 5 April 1938 (28963225728).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank Ryan|Proinsias Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-09-11 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-06-10 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 689 | | [[J. J. Clancy]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-01-23 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-05-01 | [[Cúil Mhuine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 690 | [[Íomhá:Jack Doyle, circa the early 1930s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-08-31 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-12-13 | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 691 | [[Íomhá:Jack Finlay (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Finlay]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-30 | [[Contae Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 692 | | [[Jackie Fahey]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-01-23 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-03-18 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 693 | | [[Jackie Healy-Rae]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-03-09 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-12-05 | [[Cill Gharbháin, Contae Chiarraí|Cill Gharbháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 694 | | [[Seán de Paor]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-30 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-02-23 | [[Áth an Choite]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 695 | | [[John Moher]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-02-07 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-11-10 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 696 | | [[John Munnelly]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-18 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 697 | | [[Seán Ó Murchú (sagart)|Seán Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1753" | 1753 | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798<br/>1798-06-26 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 698 | | [[John Nolan]] | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 699 | | [[John O’Byrne|John O'Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-04-24 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-01-14 | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 700 | | [[John O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-01-23 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 701 | | [[John O'Leary (Loch Garman)|John O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-09-01 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-21 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 702 | | [[John O'Leary (Ciarraí)|John O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-05-03 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-10-05 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 703 | [[Íomhá:John O'Mahony.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John O'Mahony]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-06-08 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-07-06 | [[Cill Mobhí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 704 | | [[John O'Sullivan (Corcaigh)|John O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-06-08 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-28 | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 705 | | [[John Timoney]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-05-23 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-16 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 706 | | [[Johnny Callanan]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-05-20 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-06-15 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 707 | | [[Johnny Connor]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-07-01 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-12-11 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 708 | | [[James Kelly (Fianna Fáil)|James Kelly]] | No/unknown value | No/unknown value | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 709 | | [[James B. Lynch]] | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 710 | | [[James Berry]] | data-sort-value="1842" | 1842 | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-06-04 | [[Bun Abhann, Contae Mhaigh Eo|Bun Abhann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 711 | | [[James Burke (Corcaigh)|James Burke]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-09-10 | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 712 | | [[James Burke (Ros Comáin)|James Burke]] | No/unknown value | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-05-12 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 713 | | [[James Coburn (polaiteoir)|James Coburn]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-04-13 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-12-05 | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 714 | [[Íomhá:James Colbert, 1927 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Colbert]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-01-03 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-28 | [[Caisleán Maí Tamhnach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 715 | | [[James Collins]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-10-30 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-09-01 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 716 | | [[James Cosgrave]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-09-12 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-04-18 | [[Dún an Uchta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 717 | | [[James Daly]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-11-02 | [[Béal Átha Mó]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 718 | | [[James Devins]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-09-20 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 719 | | [[James Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-03-29 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-07-14 | [[Cluainín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 720 | | [[James Douglas (polaiteoir)|James Douglas]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-07-11 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-09-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 721 | | [[James Griffin]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-04-17 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-03-22 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 722 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Professor J.H. Todd P4908.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Henthorn Todd]] | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805-04-23 | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-06-28 | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 723 | | [[James Hession]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-11-05 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-01-12 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 724 | [[Íomhá:James Hickey, 1937.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Hickey]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-06-07 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 725 | | [[James Hughes]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-01-01 | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 726 | [[Íomhá:James (Seamus) Lennon, circa 1920s.png|center|128px]] | [[James Lennon]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-08-13 | [[An Bhuiríos, Contae Cheatharlach|An Bhuiríos]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 727 | | [[James McGuire]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-07-24 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 728 | | [[James McHugh]] | | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-08-10 | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 729 | | [[James Morrisroe]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-04-05 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-12-31 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 730 | | [[James Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-12-28 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-10-07 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 731 | | [[James Myles]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-02-13 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 732 | | [[Barry Egan]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-03 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 733 | [[Íomhá:Batt O'Connor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Batt O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-07-04 | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-02-07 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 734 | | [[Batt Donegan]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-12-21 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-08-26 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 735 | | [[Beatrice Gubbins]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-09-19 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-08-12 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 736 | | [[Ben Óg Dunne|Ben Dunne]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-03-11 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-11-18 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 737 | [[Íomhá:Bernadette O'Farrell - Sponsor, July 25, 1959.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bernadette O'Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-01-30 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-09-26 | [[Biorra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 738 | | [[Bernard Commons]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-05-15 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-04-19 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 739 | | [[Bernard Cowen]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-01-29 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-24 | [[Clóirtheach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 740 | | [[Bill Loughnane]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-08-05 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-10-18 | [[An Fhiacail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 741 | | [[Bill O'Herlihy]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-09-26 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-05-25 | [[An Glaisín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 742 | | [[Billy Fox]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-01-03 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-12 | [[Baile na Lorgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 743 | | [[Billy Kenneally]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-10-12 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-08-26 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 744 | [[Íomhá:BobDoyleDeath.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Bob Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-02-12 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-01-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 745 | [[Íomhá:Lady Mary Bailey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Bailey]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-12-01 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-07-29 | ''[[:d:Q7369899|Caisleán an Rosa Mhóir]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 746 | [[Íomhá:Margaret E. Cousins, 1932.png|center|128px]] | [[Margaret Cousins]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-11-07 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-11 | ''[[:d:Q1124843|Mainistir na Búille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 747 | | [[Breandán Ó Buachalla]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-01-15 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-05-20 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 748 | [[Íomhá:George Gardiner (boxer).jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Gardner]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-03-17 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-07-08 | [[Lios Dúin Bhearna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 749 | | [[Gormflaith ingen Murchada]] | data-sort-value="960" | 960 | data-sort-value="1030" | 1030 | [[An Nás]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 750 | [[Íomhá:Grace Gifford by William Orpen.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Grace Gifford]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-03-04 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-12-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 751 | | [[Henry Bagenal]] | data-sort-value="1556" | 1556 | data-sort-value="1598" | 1598-08-14 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 752 | [[Íomhá:John Colgan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Colgáin]] | data-sort-value="1592" | 1592 | data-sort-value="1658" | 1658-01-15 | [[Carn Domhnach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 753 | | [[Seán Seosamh Ó Raghallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | [[Cill na Seanrátha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 754 | [[Íomhá:John O Leary 1900 Hollyer.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Laoghaire (Fínín)|Seán Ó Laoghaire]] | data-sort-value="1830" | 1830-07-23 | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-03-16 | [[Tiobraid Árann (baile)|Tiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 755 | [[Íomhá:Johnoshanassy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Seachnasaigh]] | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818-01-01 | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-05-05 | [[Tiobraid Árann (baile)|Tiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 756 | [[Íomhá:John Philpot Curran from NPG.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Philpot Curran]] | data-sort-value="1750" | 1750-07-24 | data-sort-value="1817" | 1817-10-14 | [[Áth Trasna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 757 | | [[Kevin Danaher]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-01-30 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-03-14 | [[Áth an tSléibhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 758 | | [[Caoimhín Ó hIfearnáin]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-08-20 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-01-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 759 | | [[Brendan Crinion]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-11-11 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-07-02 | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 760 | | [[Brendan Glynn]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-01-06 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07-10 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 761 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Grace.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Grace]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-01 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-07-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 762 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Halligan, circa 1983.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Halligan]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-05 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-08-09 | [[Rialto]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 763 | | [[Brendan Ingle]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-06-19 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-05-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 764 | [[Íomhá:Brendan-Kehoe.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Kehoe]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-12-03 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-07-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 765 | | [[Brendan Kennelly]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-10-17 | [[Béal Átha Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 766 | | [[Brian Brady]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-03-29 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-10 | [[Na Cealla Beaga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 767 | [[Íomhá:Brian O'Higgins - Banba.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Ó hUiginn]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-07-01 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-03-03 | [[Cill Scíre]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 768 | | [[Bridget Rice]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-05-07 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-12-08 | [[Cluain Cearbán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 769 | [[Íomhá:Bryan Cusack (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bryan Cusack]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-08-02 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-24 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 770 | [[Íomhá:Caitlín Brugha.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caitlín Brugha]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-12-11 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-12-01 | [[Biorra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 771 | | [[Carey Joyce]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-08-01 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-10-24 | [[Mainistir Fhear Maí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 772 | [[Íomhá:Carmel snow.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Carmel Snow]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-08-27 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-07 | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 773 | | [[Carrie Acheson]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-09-11 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-01-16 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 774 | | [[Cathal Coughlan]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-10-03 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-06-21 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 775 | | [[Johnny Geoghegan]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-11-05 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-05 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 776 | [[Íomhá:Jon Kenny and Seán Kelly (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jon Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-12-12 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-11-15 | [[An tOspidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 777 | [[Íomhá:Jonathan Pim 1806-1885.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jonathan Pim (1806–1885)|Jonathan Pim]] | data-sort-value="1806" | 1806 | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-07-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 778 | | [[Joseph Bermingham]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-05-09 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-08-11 | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 779 | | [[Joseph Dowling]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-02-02 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-05-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 780 | | [[Joseph Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-07-01 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-11-24 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 781 | | [[Joseph Hughes]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-09-18 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-01-20 | [[Dún Garbhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 782 | | [[Joseph Lenehan]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-12-06 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 783 | | [[Joseph McGinley]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 784 | [[Íomhá:Joseph McGuiness (38537799191).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joseph McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-04-10 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-05-31 | [[Tearmann Bearaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 785 | | [[Joseph Mongan]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-03-11 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-12 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 786 | [[Íomhá:Joseph Sweeney, 22 Jan 1919 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joseph Sweeney]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-06-13 | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-11-25 | [[Ailt an Chorráin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 787 | | [[Joseph Whelehan]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-05-19 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-10-29 | [[Bealach an Tirialaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 788 | | [[Justin McKenna]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-06-09 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-03-23 | [[An Mullach, Contae an Chabháin|An Mullach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 789 | [[Íomhá:Kate Meyrick.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kate Meyrick]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-08-07 | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-01-19 | [[Dún Laoghaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 790 | [[Íomhá:Sinn Fein Standing Committee - Ard Fheis in Dublin 21 Feb1922.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen Lynn]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-01-28 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-09-14 | [[Cill Ala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 791 | [[Íomhá:Kathleen O'Callaghan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen O'Callaghan]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-10-11 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-16 | ''[[:d:Q104304114|Crois Uí Mhathúna]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 792 | | [[Kathleen O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-07-30 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-12-13 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 793 | | [[Kieran Egan]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-26 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-03-25 | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 794 | | [[Gerard McDonnell]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-01-20 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-08-02 | ''[[:d:Q4220515|Cill Churnáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 795 | [[Íomhá:Saint Gobnait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gobnait]] | | data-sort-value="501" | 6th century | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 796 | | [[Godfrey Timmins]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-09-06 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-04-11 | [[Bealach Conglais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 797 | | [[Gilbert Hewson]] | | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | [[Eas Géitine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 798 | | [[George C. Bennett]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-20 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 799 | | [[George Coburn]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-03-04 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-25 | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 800 | [[Íomhá:Self-portrait of George Francis Mulvany, first Director of the National Gallery of Ireland.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Francis Mulvany]] | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809 | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 801 | [[Íomhá:George Gilmore (retouched).png|center|128px]] | [[George Gilmore]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 802 | | [[George Morrison]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-11-03 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-08-04 | [[Trá Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 803 | | [[George Nicolls]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-04-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 804 | | [[George Wolfe]] | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-01 | [[An Baile Mór, Contae Chill Dara|An Baile Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 805 | | [[Gerald Fitzgibbon]] | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-10-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 806 | | [[Gerard Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-06-15 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-12-20 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 807 | | [[Gerry L'Estrange]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-11-07 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-04-05 | [[An tSráid, Contae na hIarmhí|An tSráid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 808 | [[Íomhá:James O'Mara.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James O'Mara]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-08-06 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-11-21 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 809 | | [[James Pattison]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-06-28 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-31 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 810 | | [[James Reidy]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-07 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 811 | | [[James Shannon (polaiteoir)|James Shannon]] | | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-10-17 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 812 | | [[James Tunney]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-05-11 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 813 | | [[Jasper Wolfe]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872-08-03 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-27 | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 814 | | [[Jeremiah Hurley]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-02-02 | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 815 | | [[Séamas Langtún]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-01-18 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-04-18 | [[Gabhrán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 816 | | [[Láimhbheartach Mac Cionnaith]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-07-16 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-12-27 | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 817 | | [[Larry McMahon]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-01-18 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-02-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 818 | [[Íomhá:Laurence Ginnell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Labhrás Mag Fhionnail]] | data-sort-value="1852" | 1852-04-09 | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-04-17 | [[Dealbhna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 819 | | [[Laurence Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-08-01 | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-08-11 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 820 | | [[Leo Skinner]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-08-01 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-27 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 821 | | [[Liam Ahern]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-01-12 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-13 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 822 | | [[Liam Cunningham]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-01-25 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-02-29 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 823 | | [[Liam Hamilton]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-09-08 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-11-29 | [[Baile Mhistéala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 824 | | [[Liam Lawlor|Liam Ó Leathlobhair]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-01 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-10-22 | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 825 | | [[Liam Mac Con Iomaire]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-10-09 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-05-05 | [[Casla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 826 | | [[Liam de Róiste]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-06-15 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-05-15 | [[Baile Mhontáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 827 | | [[Lionel Booth]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-06-12 | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-05-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 828 | | [[Lorcan Robbins|Lorcán O Roibín]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-05-16 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-01-09 | [[An Móta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 829 | | [[Lorenzo Ó Meachair]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-09-16 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-17 | [[Tulach Ruáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 830 | | [[Louis O'Dea]] | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-02-19 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 831 | | [[Lughaidh Ó Cléirigh]] | data-sort-value="1580" | 1580 | data-sort-value="1630" | 1630 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 832 | | [[Luke Belton]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-08-09 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-06-18 | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 833 | | [[Mainie Jellett|Mainie Harriet Jellett]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-04-29 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-02-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 834 | | [[Manchán Magan]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-08-20 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-10-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 835 | | [[Mainchín Seoighe]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-08-18 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-07-03 | ''[[:d:Q104313381|Baile Thancaird]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 836 | [[Íomhá:Die Sopranistin Margaret Sheridan und der Dirigent Vincenzo Bellezza in London, 1938.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Margaret Burke Sheridan]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-10-15 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-04-16 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 837 | | [[Margaret Collins-O'Driscoll]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-06-17 | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 838 | | [[Máire Mac Néill]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-12-07 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-05-15 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 839 | | [[Michael Morrissey]] | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-10 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 840 | | [[Michael Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-03-12 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-10-28 | [[An Scoil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 841 | | [[Mícheál Ó hEithir]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-06-02 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-11-24 | [[Glas Naíon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 842 | [[Íomhá:Michael P O'Hickey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Micheál Ó hIceadha]] | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860-03-12<br/>1861-03-12 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-11-19 | ''[[:d:Q104319975|An Charraig Bheag]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 843 | | [[Micheál Ó Síothcháin]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-12-17 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-03-01 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 844 | | [[Michael Sheridan]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-07-06 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 845 | [[Íomhá:Michael Staines 1918.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Staines]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-05-01 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-10-26 | [[Baile Uí Fhiacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 846 | | [[Michael ffrench-O'Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-09-15 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-05-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 847 | | [[Michael Óg McFadden]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-08-27 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 848 | | [[Micheál Ó Síoda]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-05-30 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-10-19 | [[An Carn Mór, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Carn Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 849 | | [[Mick Doyle (rugbaí)|Mick Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-13 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-05-11 | [[Oileán Ciarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 850 | | [[Mick Fitzpatrick]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-10-08 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 851 | | [[Mícheál Mac Aodha]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-07-12 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-09-13 | [[Caisleán Uí Chonaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 852 | [[Íomhá:Mick Moloney.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mick Moloney]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-11-15 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-07-27 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 853 | [[Íomhá:Mick O'Dwyer in 2012.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Duibhir (peileadóir)|Mícheál Ó Duibhir]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-06-09 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-04-03 | [[An Coireán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 854 | | [[Mildred Anne Butler]] | data-sort-value="1858" | 1858-01-11 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-11 | [[Baile Mhic Andáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 855 | | [[Monica Barnes]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-02-12 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-05-03 | [[Carraig Mhachaire Rois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 856 | | [[Muiris Mac Conghail]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-05-12 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-11-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 857 | | [[Myrtle Allen]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-03-13 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-06-13 | ''[[:d:Q7810423|Tivoli, Corcaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 858 | | [[Joan Burke]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-02-08 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-11-27 | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 859 | | [[Joe Fox]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-04-04 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-10-01 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 860 | | [[Seosamh Mac Donncha]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-05-20 | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 861 | | [[Joe Steve Ó Neachtain]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-01-19 | ''[[:d:Q113192695|An Chré Dhubh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 862 | | [[John A. Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-01-17 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-02-28 | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 863 | | [[John Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-09-23 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-29 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 864 | | [[John Carew]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-05-05 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-07-12 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 865 | | [[John Coffey (iománaí)|Seán Ó Cofaigh]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-01-14 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-08-12 | [[An Bóthar Leathan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 866 | [[Íomhá:Dr John Crowley TD.png|center|128px]] | [[John Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 867 | [[Íomhá:Matthew O'Reily, 1927 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Matthew O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-03-01 | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-13 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 868 | | [[Maura Laverty]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907<br/>1907-05-15 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-07-28 | [[Ráth Iomgháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 869 | | [[Margaret Jane Scott Hawthorne]] | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-01-17 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-05-01 | ''[[:d:Q104345161|Corr na Féinne]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 870 | | [[Margaret Mary Pearse]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-08-24 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 871 | [[Íomhá:Margaret Pearse in later life.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Margaret Pearse]] | data-sort-value="1857" | 1857-02-12 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-04-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 872 | | [[Marian Finucane]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-21 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-01-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 873 | | [[Mark Deering]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-03-06 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-04-26 | [[Dún Luáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 874 | [[Íomhá:Mark Killilea Snr, 1927.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Killilea, Mór]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-01-15 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-09-29 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 875 | [[Íomhá:Mark Killilea MEP 1994.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Killilea, Óg]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-09-05 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-12-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 876 | | [[Martin Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-03-01 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-21 | [[Tobar an Choire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 877 | | [[Martin Conlon]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-01-23 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 878 | | [[Martin Finn]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-08-22 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-07 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 879 | [[Íomhá:Martin McDonogh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máirtín Mac Donnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1858" | 1858<br/>1857 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-11-24 | [[Garmna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 880 | | [[Martin Medlar]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-12-04 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-06-04 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 881 | | [[Martin Nally]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-08-01 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 882 | | [[Martin Roddy]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-12-09 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-01-08 | ''[[:d:Q18022071|Cill Mhic Eoghain]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 883 | | [[Martin Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-01-31 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-07-22 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 884 | [[Íomhá:Martin savage.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máirtín Sabhaois]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898 | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-12-19 | [[Baile Easa Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 885 | | [[Martin Sexton]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-09-15 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-02-01 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 886 | [[Íomhá:StateLibQld 1 114664 Men and women who rival the birds, 1930 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[An Bhantiarna Mary Heath]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-11-10 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-05-09 | [[Cnoc an Doire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 887 | [[Íomhá:1657534158379 P487 BANOTTI 003 MOBILE.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Banotti]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-05-29 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-05-10 | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 888 | | [[Mary Bonaventure Browne]] | data-sort-value="1610" | 1610 | data-sort-value="1672" | 1672 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 889 | | [[Mary Colum]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-06-13<br/>1887-06-13 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-10-22 | [[Cúil Mhuine]]<br/>[[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 890 | | [[Máire Ní Aodáin]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862<br/>1862-05-19 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942<br/>1942-07-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 891 | | [[Mary Reynolds]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-10-10 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-08-29 | [[Béal an Átha Móir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 892 | | [[Mary Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-01-31 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-02-08 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 893 | | [[John Daly]] | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867-03-23 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-02-23 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 894 | | [[John Dinneen]] | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867-03-23 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-01 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 895 | | [[John Fanning]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-10-22 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-01 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 896 | | [[John Finan]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-09-10 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-05-24 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 897 | | [[John Flynn]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-11-10 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-08-22 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 898 | | [[John Galvin]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-05-15 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-11 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 899 | [[Íomhá:Revised John George Adair thVHV7GP97.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John George Adair]] | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-03-03 | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-05-04 | [[Contae Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 900 | [[Íomhá:John Good (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Good]] | | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-04-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 901 | | [[John Hassett]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-11-24 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 902 | | [[John Healy]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-05-26 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-01-09 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 903 | [[Íomhá:John Hely-Hutchinson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Hely-Hutchinson]] | data-sort-value="1724" | 1724 | data-sort-value="1794" | 1794-09-04 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 904 | | [[John Jinks]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-09-11 | [[Droim Chliabh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 905 | | [[John Joe Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-06-14 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-08-11 | [[Cora Chaitlín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 906 | | [[John Joe McGirl]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921-03-25 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-12-08 | [[Béal an Átha Móir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 907 | | [[John Joe O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-04-24 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-12-28 | [[Carraig Álainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 908 | | [[John Joe Rice]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-06-19 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-07-24 | [[Neidín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 909 | | [[Seán Ó Céin]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-02-18 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-10-01 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 910 | | [[John Kiersey]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-10-23 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-18 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 911 | [[Íomhá:Maire-Ni-Chineide2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Ní Chinnéide]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-01-17 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-05-25 | [[Ráth Maonais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 912 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Maire Nic Shiubhlaigh P3647.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Nic Shiubhlaigh]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-05-05 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 913 | | [[Ned Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-08-01 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-21 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 914 | | [[Niall Ó Dónaill]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-08-27 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-02-10 | [[Loch an Iúir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 915 | | [[Nollaig Ó Gadhra]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-12-16 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-08-13 | [[Fíonach, Contae Luimnigh|Fíonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 916 | [[Íomhá:P. J. Moloney, 22 Jan 1919 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[P. J. Moloney]] | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-03-20 | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-09-04 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 917 | | [[John Lynch (Ciarraí)|John Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-04-10 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-06-10 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 918 | | [[John Mannion, Mór]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-06-04 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-09-10 | [[An Clochán (Contae na Gaillimhe)|An Clochán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 919 | | [[John Mannion Óg]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-10-26 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-04-02 | [[An Clochán (Contae na Gaillimhe)|An Clochán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 920 | | [[John Meighan]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-03-04 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 921 | [[Íomhá:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 2004.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-10-02 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-06-05 | [[An Longfort]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 922 | [[Íomhá:Williepearse.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Mac Piarais]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-11-15 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 923 | | [[Michael Coleman]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-01-31 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-01-04 | [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Baile an Mhóta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 924 | [[Íomhá:Michael Herbert.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Herbert]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-05-17 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-06-20 | [[Caisleán Uí Chonaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 925 | [[Íomhá:Thomas MacDonagh.png|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Mac Donnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-02-01 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-03 | [[Cloch Shiurdáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 926 | [[Íomhá:Seán Mac Diarmada.png|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Diarmada]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-02-28 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-12 | [[Coillte Clochair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 927 | [[Íomhá:Conn Colbert.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Conchur Ó Colbaird]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-10-19 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-08 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 928 | [[Íomhá:Michael O'Hanrahan.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó hAnnracháin|Micheál Ó hAnnracháin]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-01-16 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-04 | [[Ros Mhic Thriúin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 929 | [[Íomhá:Michael Mallin - (Commandant Irish Republican Army) Executed May 8th, 1916. (36052732403).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Mulláin]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-12-01 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 930 | [[Íomhá:Edwarddaly.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Éamonn Ó Dálaigh]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-02-25 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-04 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 931 | [[Íomhá:The O'Rahilly (28201706279) (2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Seosamh Ó Rathaille]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-04-22<br/>1875-04-21 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-04-29<br/>1916-04-28 | [[Béal Átha Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 932 | | [[Máire Mhac an tSaoi]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-04-04 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-10-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 933 | [[Íomhá:Seán Ó Ríordáin - Bust.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Ríordáin]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-12-03 | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-02-21 | [[Baile Bhuirne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 934 | [[Íomhá:Peig Sayers c1945.png|center|128px]] | [[Peig Sayers]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-12-08 | [[Dún Chaoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 935 | | [[Moss Keane]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-07-27 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-10-05 | [[Corra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 936 | | [[Eoghan Ó Tuairisc]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-04-03 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-08-24 | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 937 | | [[Muiris Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-02-19 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-06-25 | [[An Blascaod Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 938 | | [[Seán Ó Tuama]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-01-28 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-10-14 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 939 | | [[Murchadh mac Diarmada|Murchad mac Diarmata]] | | data-sort-value="1070" | 1070 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 940 | | [[Ulick O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-10-07 | [[Ráth Garbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 941 | [[Íomhá:Peadar Ua Laoghaire.png|center|128px]] | [[Peadar Ua Laoghaire]] | data-sort-value="1839" | 1839-04 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-03-21 | [[Cluain Droichead]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 942 | | [[Seán Clárach Mac Domhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1691" | 1691 | data-sort-value="1754" | 1754-01-07 | ''[[:d:Q4518970|Baile an Teampaill]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 943 | | [[Nioclás Tóibín (amhránaí)|Nioclás Tóibín]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-02-05 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-09-19 | ''[[:d:Q65559250|Baile Uí Raghallaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 944 | | [[Paddy Ambrose]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-10-17 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 945 | | [[Paddy Coad]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-04-04 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-08-03<br/>1992-03-08 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 946 | [[Íomhá:P W Joyce.png|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Weston Joyce]] | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-01-07 | [[Luimneach]]<br/>[[An Sliabh Riabhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 947 | | [[Séamus Ó Grianna]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-11-17 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-11-27 | [[Rann na Feirste]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 948 | | [[Myles Dillon]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-04-11 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-06-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 949 | [[Íomhá:Robert Dwyer Joyce.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Dwyer Joyce]] | data-sort-value="1830" | 1830<br/>1836 | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 950 | | [[Maureen O'Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-03-29 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-05-09 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 951 | | [[Maureen Potter]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-01-03 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-04-07 | [[Fionnradharc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 952 | [[Íomhá:Maurice Davin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Muiris Ó Daimhín]] | data-sort-value="1842" | 1842-06-29 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-01-27 | [[Carraig na Siúire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 953 | [[Íomhá:Max Arthur Macauliffe Portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Micheál Mac Amhlaoibh]] | data-sort-value="1841" | 1841-09-10 | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-03-15 | [[An Caisleán Nua, Contae Luimnigh|An Caisleán Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 954 | | [[Maxwell Henry Close]] | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822 | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-09-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 955 | | [[Michael Brennan (Fine Gael)|Michael Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-10-06 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 956 | | [[Michael Browne]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-01-12 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-12-20 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 957 | | [[Michael Carty]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-12-16 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-04-23 | [[Baile Locha Riach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 958 | | [[Michael Colbert]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900 | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-04-01 | [[Áth an tSléibhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 959 | [[Íomhá:Michael Colivet, circa 1920s.png|center|128px]] | [[Michael Colivet]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-03-29 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-05-04 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 960 | | [[Michael Davern]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-07-22 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-25 | [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 961 | | [[Michael Davis]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-03-30 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 962 | | [[Michael Derham]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-11-20 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 963 | | [[Michael Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-07 | ''[[:d:Q26715338|Tagoat]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 964 | [[Íomhá:M Egan JP TC Cork cropped from Ireland's National Pledge, April 1918.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Egan]] | data-sort-value="1866" | 1866-02-28 | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-03-03 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 965 | | [[Michael F. Kitt]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-09-13 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-12-24 | [[An Creagán, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Creagán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 966 | [[Íomhá:Michael Heffernan TD, circa 1910s.png|center|128px]] | [[Michael Heffernan]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-04-03 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-11-21 | [[Carraig na Siúire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 967 | | [[Michael Lipper]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-06-01 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-10-18 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 968 | | [[Michael Lydon]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-10-10 | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-05-15 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 969 | | [[Michael Lyons]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-11-01 | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-11-19 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 970 | | [[Michael Lyster]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-11 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-03-21 | [[Dún Garbhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 971 | | [[Seán 'ac Dhonncha]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-10-02 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-14 | [[An Aird Thiar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 972 | | [[Seán Puircell]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-12-17 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-08-27 | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 973 | | [[Seán Ó Conaill]] | data-sort-value="1853" | 1853-01-21 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-05-21 | ''[[:d:Q104310160|Cill Rialaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 974 | | [[Dáibhí Ó Bruadair]] | data-sort-value="1625" | 1625 | data-sort-value="1698" | 1698-01 | [[Barraigh Mhóra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 975 | [[Íomhá:John Dillon.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Dillon|Seán Diolún]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-09-04 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-08-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 976 | [[Íomhá:Bridie gallagher.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bridie Gallagher]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-09-07 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-01-09 | [[An Craoslach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 977 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Antisell (1817-1893).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Antisell]] | data-sort-value="1817" | 1817-01-16 | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-06-14 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 978 | [[Íomhá:Pól Ó Foighil.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pól Ó Foighil]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-06-01 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-03-21 | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 979 | | [[Richard Anthony]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-10-20 | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-01-03 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 980 | [[Íomhá:Barrington,Richard Manliffe01.png|center|128px]] | [[Richard Barrington]] | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849 | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-09-15 | ''[[:d:Q104277926|An Fásach Rua]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 981 | | [[Richard Barry]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-09-04 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-04-28 | [[Mainistir Fhear Maí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 982 | | [[Richard Beamish]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-06-16<br/>1861-06-16 | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-02-23 | [[An Gleanntán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 983 | [[Íomhá:Richard Corish, circa 1930s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Corish]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-01-01 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-07-19 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 984 | | [[Richard Curran]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-11-18 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-01-27 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 985 | [[Íomhá:Richard Gogan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Gogan]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-11-29 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-04-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 986 | | [[Risteárd de hAe]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | [[Mainistir na Féile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 987 | | [[Richard O'Connell]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-03-13 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-10-01 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 988 | | [[Richard Stanihurst|Richard Stanyhurst]] | data-sort-value="1547" | 1547 | data-sort-value="1618" | 1618 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 989 | | [[Richard Stapleton]] | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-07-31 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 990 | | [[Richard Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-12-04 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 991 | | [[Richard Wilson]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-02-20 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 992 | | [[Risteard de Hindeberg]] | data-sort-value="1863" | 1863-09-18 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-03-17 | ''[[:d:Q104320133|Barr Beithí]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 993 | | [[Timothy Killeen]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-05-10 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 994 | | [[Timothy Linehan]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-08-04 | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 995 | | [[Timothy O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-10-01 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07-21 | [[Cill Orglan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 996 | | [[Timothy O'Sullivan (Fianna Fáil)|Timothy O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-07-26 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-03-03 | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 997 | [[Íomhá:Timothy Quill 1930.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Timothy Quill]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-05-09 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-06-10 | [[Cluain Droichead]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 998 | | [[Todd Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-10-06 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-10-11 | [[Tuaisceart Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 999 | | [[Tom Clancy]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-10-29 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-11-07 | [[Carraig na Siúire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1000 | [[Íomhá:Tom Kettle.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tom Kettle]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-02-09 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-09-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1001 | | [[Tom Leonard]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-05-30 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-03-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1002 | | [[Tom McEllistrim (1894–1973)|Tom McEllistrim]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-10-14 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-12-04 | [[Lios Tuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1003 | | [[Tom Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-02-23 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-05-15 | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1004 | | [[Tom O'Reilly (An Cabhán)|Tom O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-08-06 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-02-01 | [[Cill na Seanrátha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1005 | | [[Tom Sailí Ó Flaithearta]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-04-15 | [[An Cheathrú Rua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1006 | | [[Paddy Forde]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-07-22 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05-13 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1007 | | [[Paddy Harte]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-07-26 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-01-08 | [[Leifear]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1008 | | [[Paddy Keaveney]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-10-28 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-07-19 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1009 | | [[Pádraig Ó Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-09-16 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-12-07 | [[Achadh Úr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1010 | [[Íomhá:PAT INGOLDSBY 3 BW.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Ingoldsby]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-25 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-03-01 | [[Mullach Íde]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1011 | | [[Patricia Burke Brogan]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-03-17 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-05 | [[Cill an Dísirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1012 | | [[Patrick Beegan]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-05-26 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-02 | [[Ceapaigh an tSeagail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1013 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Belton, 1933.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Belton]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-01-30 | [[Béal Átha Liag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1014 | | [[Patrick Boland]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | [[Baile an Chaisleáin, Contae Laoise|Baile an Chaisleáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1015 | | [[Patrick Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1999" | 20th century | [[Míleac, Contae an Chláir|Míleac]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1016 | | [[Patrick Browne (Maigh Eo)|Patrick Browne]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-07-24 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1017 | | [[Patrick Burke (An Clár)|Patrick Burke]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-04-16 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-02-07 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1018 | | [[Patrick Burke (Baile Átha Cliath)|Patrick Burke]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-01-26 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-09-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1019 | | [[Patrick Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-09-11 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-11-12 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1020 | | [[Patrick Cawley]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-12-26 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-12-18 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1021 | | [[Patrick Clancy]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-03-17 | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-02-21 | [[An Brú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1022 | | [[Patrick Cogan]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-10-23 | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-01-05 | [[An Tulach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1023 | | [[Patrick Connor]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-03-15 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-08-26 | [[Neidín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1024 | | [[Patrick Crotty]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-11-23 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-11-26 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1025 | | [[Des Foley]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-09-12 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-02-05 | [[Cionn Sáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1026 | | [[Patrick Crowe]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-02-17 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-08-08 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1027 | | [[Francis Bulfin]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-02-12 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-22 | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1028 | [[Íomhá:Bridget Mary Redmond, circa 1930s (retouched).png|center|128px]] | [[Bridget Redmond]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-03 | [[An Currach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1029 | | [[James Kilroy]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-01-05 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1030 | | [[John Horgan]] | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-06-27 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1031 | | [[John O'Hanlon]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872-11-04 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-12-22 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1032 | | [[Patrick Egan]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-04-28 | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1033 | | [[Michael Kilroy]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-09-14 | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-12-23 | [[Baile Uí Fhiacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1034 | | [[Arthur Cox (dlíodóir)|Arthur Cox]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-07-25 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-06-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1035 | | [[Michael Kennedy (An Longfort)|Michael Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-03-01 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-02-14 | [[Baile na gCros (Contae na hIermhí)|Baile na gCros (Contae na hIarmhí)]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1036 | [[Íomhá:Peter Paul Galligan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Galligan]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-06-20 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-12-14 | [[Carraig Álainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1037 | | [[John Butler]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-16 | [[Béal na Molt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1038 | | [[Gerrard McGowan]] | | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-17 | [[Baile Brigín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1039 | | [[Ernest Benson]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-10-05 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-03-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1040 | [[Íomhá:Freedoms Martyrs (5911132821).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rosie Hackett]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-07-25<br/>1883 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-05-04<br/>1976-07-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1041 | [[Íomhá:Noel Thomas Lemass, 1971 (cropped).tif|center|128px]] | [[Noel Lemass, Óg|Noel Lemass]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-02-14 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1042 | [[Íomhá:Martin Corry, 1927.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Martin Corry]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-12-12 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-02-14 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1043 | | [[James Gallagher]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-04-20 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-11 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1044 | [[Íomhá:Jackmurphy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-11 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1045 | | [[Eugene Gilhawley]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-04-14 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-05-03 | [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Baile an Mhóta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1046 | | [[Henry Johnston]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-11-11 | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1047 | | [[Jack McQuillan]] | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-08-30 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-03-08 | [[Béal Átha Feorainne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1048 | | [[Michael O'Halloran]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-08-20 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-11-29 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1049 | | [[Joe Sheridan]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-11-27 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-09-30 | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1050 | | [[Bernard Markey]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-11-07 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-07-23 | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1051 | | [[John Conlan (Muineachán)|John Conlan]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-05-21 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-12-03 | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1052 | | [[Nicholas Wall]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-08-06 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-12-03 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1053 | [[Íomhá:David Kent (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Kent]] | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867-02-02 | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-11-16 | [[Caisleán Ó Liatháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1054 | | [[Joseph MacDonagh]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-05-18 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-12-25 | [[Cloch Shiurdáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1055 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of John D’Alton P6048.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John D'Alton (staraí)|John D'Alton]] | data-sort-value="1792" | 1792 | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867 | [[Contae na hIarmhí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1056 | | [[Liam Ó hAonghusa|William Maunsell Hennessy]] | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829 | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | [[Caisleán Ghriaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1057 | [[Íomhá:Arthur Guinness II.png|center|128px]] | [[Arthur Hart Guinness]] | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1058 | | [[Uileog de Búrca]] | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829-12-29 | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-11-22 | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1059 | | [[Val Mulkerns]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-02-14 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-03-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1060 | | [[Vincent Rice]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-04-21 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1061 | [[Íomhá:Dr Vincent White in his Mayoral robes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Vincent White]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-12-14 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1062 | | [[Walter Furlong]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-09-01 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-12-11 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1063 | | [[Uaitéar Ó Maicín|Walter Macken]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-05-03 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-04-22 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1064 | [[Íomhá:Wilhelmina Geddes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Wilhelmina Geddes]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-05-25 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-08-10 | [[Liatroim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1065 | | [[William Aird]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-10-31 | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1066 | | [[William Broderick]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-05-20 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-06-01 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1067 | | [[Uilliam Ó Domhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1501" | 16th century | data-sort-value="1628" | 1628-07-11 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1068 | | [[William Davin]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-02-19 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-01 | [[Ráth Domhnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1069 | | [[William Desmond]] | | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-05 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1070 | | [[William Duffy]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-04-07 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-01-01 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1071 | | [[William Dwyer]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-05-10 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-05-10 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1072 | | [[William Haliday]] | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | data-sort-value="1812" | 1812 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1073 | | [[Áine Ní Fhoghludha]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-11-10 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-04-14 | ''[[:d:Q104319641|An Móta]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1074 | | [[Patrick Ganly]] | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809 | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1075 | [[Íomhá:John Thomas Woodhouse (1780-1845) - Robert Murphy, BA, Fellow (1800) - GC0027 - Gonville and Caius College.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1806" | 1806 | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843-03-12 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1076 | | [[Robert Anthony Welch]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-11-25 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-02-03 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1077 | | [[Robert Davitt]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-12-12 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-09-26 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1078 | | [[Robert Day]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1079 | | [[Roibeard Ó Faracháin]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-04-24 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-12-29 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1080 | | [[Robert Lahiffe]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-03-08 | [[Gort Inse Guaire|An Gort]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1081 | | [[Robert Rowlette]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-10-16 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-10-13 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1082 | | [[Robert Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-23 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1083 | | [[Roger Sweetman]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-08-18 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-05-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1084 | [[Íomhá:Rose Barton by M H Carlisle (cropped).tif|center|128px]] | [[Rose Maynard Barton]] | data-sort-value="1856" | 1856-04-21 | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-10-10 | ''[[:d:Q60556470|Baile an Róistigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1085 | [[Íomhá:Rosemary Smith 1965.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rosemary Smith]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-08-07 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-12-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1086 | | [[Ruairí Brugha]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10-15 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-01-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1087 | | [[Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-05-06 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-09-19 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1088 | | [[William Frederick Wakeman]] | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822 | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1089 | | [[William Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-01-18 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-01-07 | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1090 | | [[William Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1763" | 1763 | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-06 | [[Cúil Mhuine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1091 | [[Íomhá:William James MacNeven.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William James MacNeven]] | data-sort-value="1763" | 1763-03-21 | data-sort-value="1841" | 1841-07-12 | [[Eachroim, Contae na Gaillimhe|Eachroim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1092 | | [[William Kent]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-02-27 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-08 | [[Caisleán Ó Liatháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1093 | | [[William O'Donnell]] | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-02-04 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1094 | [[Íomhá:GILBERT(1896) p165 WILLIAM CONYNGHAM PLUNKET.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Plunket, an 4ú Barún Pluincéad]] | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-08-26 | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-04-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1095 | | [[William Redmond]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-10-16 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-04-17 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1096 | | [[William Sears]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868 | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-03-23 | [[An Éill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1097 | [[Íomhá:Sean O'Faolain, W. Stockley, D.Corkery, Tilly Fleischmann, Fr Patrick MacSwiney, Germaine Stockley, Aloys Fleischmann, visitors,1929.JPG|center|128px]] | [[William Stockley]] | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859-06-29 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-07-22 | [[Teach Mealóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1098 | | [[Ellen O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831 | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1099 | | [[Harry Colley]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-02-21 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1100 | | [[Jeremiah Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-07-30 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-03 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1101 | | [[Hugh Doherty]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-10-13 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1102 | | [[Sarah Mary Fitton]] | data-sort-value="1796" | 1796 | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-03-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1103 | [[Íomhá:Mary O'Donovan Rossa.png|center|128px]] | [[Mary Jane O’Donovan Rossa|Mary O'Donovan Rossa]] | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845-01-27 | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-08-18<br/>1916-08-17 | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1104 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Thomas James Mulvany .PNG|center|128px]] | [[Thomas James Mulvany]] | data-sort-value="1779" | 1779 | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845-02-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1105 | | [[William Kirby Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821 | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | [[An Druipseach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1106 | [[Íomhá:Énna Mac Murchada (Bodleian Library MS Rawlinson B 503, folio 36r).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Éanna Mac Murchadha|Enna mac Donnchada Mac Murchada]] | | data-sort-value="1126" | 1126 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1107 | | [[Conchobar Ua Briain|Conchúr Ó Briain]] | | data-sort-value="1142" | 1142 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1108 | | [[Mary Swanzy]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-02-15 | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-07-07 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1109 | | [[Seosamh Laoide]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-05-24 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-09-21 | [[Raghnallach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1110 | | [[Robert Francis Ruttledge]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-09-11 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-01-12 | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1111 | | [[Liam Ó Rinn]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-11-20 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-10-03 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1112 | | [[Críostóir Ó Floinn]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-12-18 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-10-09 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1113 | | [[Don Cockburn]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-03-13 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1114 | | [[James White]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-01-02 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-09-02 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1115 | | [[Tony Scannell]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-14 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-05-26 | [[Cionn tSáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1116 | | [[Jim Fahy]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022 | [[Baile Locha Riach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1117 | | [[Domhnall Caomhánach]] | data-sort-value="1140" | 1140 | data-sort-value="1175" | 1175 | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1118 | | [[Nicolás Bhailís]] | data-sort-value="1548" | 1548 | data-sort-value="1585" | 1585-12-14 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1119 | | [[Patrick Cummins]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921-06-10 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-03-05 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1120 | | [[Patrick Daly]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891 | data-sort-value="1999" | 20th century | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1121 | | [[Patrick Dooley]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-01-14 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05-02 | [[Baile Átha Í]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1122 | | [[Patrick Duffy (polaiteoir)|Patrick Duffy]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-07-28 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-07-21 | [[Baile na Lorgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1123 | | [[Patrick Finucane]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-12-05 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-04-10 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1124 | | [[Patrick Fogarty]] | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-02 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1125 | | [[Patrick Gaffney]] | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1126 | | [[Patrick Giles]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-13 | [[Maigh Dearmhaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1127 | | [[Patrick Hogan (Cumann na nGaedheal)|Patrick Hogan]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-05-13 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-14 | [[An Ballán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1128 | | [[Patrick Hogan (Tiobraid Árann)|Patrick Hogan]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-03-25 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-10-05 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1129 | | [[Patrick Kerrigan]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-02-21 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-07-04 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1130 | | [[Patrick Kinane]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-07-03 | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-15 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1131 | | [[Patrick Lenihan]] | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902-09-04 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-03-11 | [[Cill Fhionnúrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1132 | | [[Patrick Leonard]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-10 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1133 | [[Íomhá:Patrick MacGill, 1936.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick MacGill|Pádraig Mac a' Ghoill]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-12-24 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-11 | [[Na Gleannta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1134 | | [[Patrick Malone]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-30 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-12-03 | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1135 | | [[Patrick McCarvill]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-05-23 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-03-16 | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1136 | | [[Patrick McGoldrick]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-08-12 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-04-26 | ''[[:d:Q6407922|Cúil na gCuirridín]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1137 | | [[Patrick Mooney]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-11-12 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-10-30 | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1138 | | [[Patrick Mulvany]] | data-sort-value="1871" | 1871-07-02 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-05-16 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1139 | | [[Patrick Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-05-13 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-05-01 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1140 | | [[Patrick O'Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-08 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-01-20 | [[Ros Cré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1141 | | [[Padaí Mhicheáil Airt (The Invincibles)|Pádraig Ó Domhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1835" | 1835 | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-12-17 | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1142 | | [[Patrick O'Driscoll]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-01-14 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-08-08 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1143 | | [[Pádraig Ó Caoimh]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-07-03 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q60556178|Nuachabháil]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1144 | | [[Patrick O'Malley]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-07-01 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-03-27 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1145 | | [[Patrick O'Reilly (polaiteoir neamhspleách)|Patrick O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-01-09 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-04-25 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1146 | | [[Patrick O'Reilly (An Cabhán)|Patrick O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-04-06 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-02-19 | [[Contae an Chabháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1147 | | [[Patrick Palmer]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-04-13 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-03-21 | [[Dún na Séad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1148 | | [[Patrick Reynolds (Cumann na nGaedheal)|Patrick Reynolds]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887-03-01 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-03-14 | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1149 | | [[Patrick Rogers]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-02-01 | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-03-22 | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1150 | | [[Patrick Shanahan]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-03-10 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-02-01 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1151 | | [[Patrick Shaw]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872-02-15 | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-09-14 | [[Contae na hIarmhí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1152 | | [[Patrick Teehan]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-04-14 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-12-25 | [[Tigh Moling]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1153 | | [[Patrick Tierney]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904-04-24 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-09-29 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1154 | | [[Paudge Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-02-18 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-06-10 | [[Carn an Bhua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1155 | | [[Máirin de Valéra]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-04-12 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-08-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1156 | | [[Dúnmharú Declan Flynn|Declan Flynn]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-09-09 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1157 | | [[Fanny Currey]] | data-sort-value="1848" | 1848-05-30 | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-03-30 | ''[[:d:Q2368947|Caisleán Leasa Móire]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1158 | | [[Catherine Isabella Osborne]] | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818-06-30 | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-06-21 | ''[[:d:Q57272913|Teach Newtown Anner]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1159 | | [[Colm Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | [[Camas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1160 | | [[Seán Ua Cearnaigh]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-06-13 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-10-26 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1161 | | [[Morgan Jageurs]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-04-28 | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1162 | | [[Peter Morgan Jaguers]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932 | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1163 | | [[Seán Ó Lúing]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-05-16 | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-02-10 | [[Baile an Fheirtéaraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1164 | | [[Fionntán Mac Aodha Bhuí]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1165 | | [[Tadhg Ó Scanaill (aisteoir)|Tadhg Ó Scanaill]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-05-09 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-01-18 | [[Baile Bhuirne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1166 | | [[Tadhg Ó Scanaill (múinteoir)|Tadhg Ó Scanaill]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-08-20 | ''[[:d:Q65557130|An Inse Mhór]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1167 | | [[Seánie O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-08-23 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | [[Tobar Phádraig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1168 | | [[Máire Ní Shúilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-02-02 | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-07-14 | [[Sráid na Cathrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1169 | | [[Mícheál Ó Tiománaidhe|Micheál Ó Tiománaidhe]] | data-sort-value="1853" | 1853-09-20 | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-03-07 | ''[[:d:Q104331267|An Cartún Dubh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1170 | | [[Moyra Barry]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1171 | | [[Ruth Brandt]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-06-22 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-08-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1172 | | [[Dorothy Blackham]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-03-01 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-03 | [[Ráth Maonais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1173 | | [[Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid]] | | data-sort-value="862" | 862 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1174 | | [[Rós Ní Mhaonaigh]] | data-sort-value="1740" | 1740 | data-sort-value="1798" | 1798 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1175 | [[Íomhá:Edith Anne Stoney.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edith Anne Stoney]] | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-01-06 | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-06-25 | [[Droichead na Dothra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1176 | | [[Joseph Cooper Walker]] | data-sort-value="1761" | 1761 | data-sort-value="1810" | 1810-04-12 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1177 | [[Íomhá:John Boyle O'Reilly cph.3a38519.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Boyle O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1844" | 1844-06-28 | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-08-10 | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1178 | [[Íomhá:Major William Redmond bust, Wexford city.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Mac Réamoinn|Willie Redmond]] | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-04-15 | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-06-07 | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1179 | | [[Éamon Rooney]] | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-11-09 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1180 | | [[Éamonn Mac Thomáis]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-01-13 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1181 | [[Íomhá:St. Mary's Collegiate College Church, Youghal, Co. Cork.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Michael Jones (saighdiúir)|Michael Jones]] | data-sort-value="1606" | 1606 | data-sort-value="1649" | 1649-03-09 | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1182 | [[Íomhá:Grubb Howard.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Howard Grubb]] | data-sort-value="1844" | 1844-07-28 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-09-16 | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1183 | | [[William Bowles]] | data-sort-value="1705" | 1705<br/>1714 | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780-08-25 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1184 | | [[Neilí Ní Bhriain]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864-06-04 | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-04-01 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1185 | | [[William Ganly]] | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855 | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-02-20 | [[Inis Mór, Árainn|Inis Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1186 | | [[Edward Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1810" | 1810<br/>1814 | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870-11-12 | [[Contae Laoise]]<br/>[[Garraí Eoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1187 | [[Íomhá:William Henry Gregory Vanity Fair 30 December 1871.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Henry Gregory]] | data-sort-value="1817" | 1817-07-12<br/>1817-06-13 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-03-06 | [[Caisleán Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1188 | | [[Fred McDonogh]] | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-12-01 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1189 | | [[Pádraig Tyers]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925-10-20 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-02-19 | [[Tuar an Fhíona]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1190 | | [[Pádraig Ó Fiannachta]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-07-15 | ''[[:d:Q65559350|An Paideac]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1191 | | [[Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-03-10 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-11-19 | ''[[:d:Q65558431|Baile an Ghóilín]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1192 | [[Íomhá:PádraigÓSnodaigh.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ó Snodaigh]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935<br/>1935-05-18 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-01-02 | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1193 | | [[Proinsias Mac Aonghusa]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-06-23 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-09-28 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1194 | [[Íomhá:Pádraic Ó Máille, circa 1922.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraic Ó Máille]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-02-23 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-01-19 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1195 | [[Íomhá:Paul Coghlan, June 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Coghlan]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-06-01 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-06-08 | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1196 | | [[Peadar Cowan]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-10-23 | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-05-09 | [[Ármhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1197 | | [[Peadar Duignan]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-07-26 | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-04-13 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1198 | [[Íomhá:Cú Uladh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cú Uladh - Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich|Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich]] | data-sort-value="1856" | 1856-10-05 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-01 | ''[[:d:Q65559265|Allt an Iarainn]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1199 | | [[Percy Dockrell]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-12-27 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-11-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1200 | | [[Peter J. Ward]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-11-01 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-06 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1201 | [[Íomhá:Peter Mathews.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Mathews]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-08-07 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-02-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1202 | | [[Peter O'Loghlen]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-25 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1203 | [[Íomhá:Peter De Loughry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter de Loughry]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-04-22 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-10-23 | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1204 | | [[Phelim Calleary]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-10-03 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-01-04 | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1205 | | [[Philip Mahony]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-10-01 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-04-20 | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1206 | [[Íomhá:7d1b3dc73225f14081cadd08c3ce5775.jpg--the late philly mcguinness will be honoured next sunday when the gaa park in mohill is rededicated as the philly mcguinness memorial park.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Philip McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-02-29 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-04-19 | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1207 | | [[Philip Shanahan]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-10-27 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-11-21 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1208 | | [[Pierce McCan]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-08-02 | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-03-06 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1209 | [[Íomhá:Portrait of Singer Big Tom (Nov 2004).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Big Tom]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-09-18 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-04-17 | [[Baile na Lorgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1210 | | [[Dáibhí de Barra]] | data-sort-value="1758" | 1758 | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851 | [[Carraig Thuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1211 | | [[Dáithí Ó hÓgáin]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | [[An Brú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1212 | | [[Domhnall Ó Conchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847 | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-09-27 | ''[[:d:Q104300976|An Cnoc Dubh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1213 | | [[Eibhlín Ní Chathailriabhaigh]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-06-01 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-07 | [[Domhnach Broc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1214 | | [[Fionn Mac Cumhaill (scríbhneoir)|Fionn Mac Cumhaill]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-06-23 | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-08-07 | ''[[:d:Q104348887|Leitir Catha]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1215 | | [[Maidhc Dainín Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-02 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-08-29 | [[Baile na nGall, Contae Chiarraí|Baile na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1216 | | [[Máire Ní Scolaí]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-05-24 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-06-28 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1217 | | [[Máirtín Ó Corrbuí]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-11-17 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-05-08 | ''[[:d:Q104314882|An Pháirc Bhuí]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1218 | | [[Máirín Ní Rodaigh]] | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-10 | [[An Cabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1219 | | [[Mícheál Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-09-16 | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-09-28 | [[An Lochán Beag, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Lochán Beag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1220 | | [[Mícheál Ó Bréartúin]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1221 | | [[Patsy Ó Ceannabháin]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | [[Ros Muc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1222 | | [[Pádraig Mac Suibhne]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-23 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-03-24 | ''[[:d:Q104348490|Beitheach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1223 | | [[Pádraig Ó Baoighill]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-11-15 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-06-21 | [[Rann na Feirste]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1224 | | [[Pádraic Óg Ó Conaire]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-03-11 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-05 | ''[[:d:Q104321570|An Turlach Beag]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1225 | | [[Seán Ó Ruadháin]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-02-20 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-06-22 | [[Gaoth Sáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1226 | | [[Tadhg Gaelach Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1715" | 1715 | data-sort-value="1795" | 1795 | [[Tuar na Fola]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1227 | | [[Énrí Ó Muirgheasa]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-01-14 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-13 | ''[[:d:Q65558304|An Caisleán Thoir]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1228 | [[Íomhá:Mary A. Sadlier (A ROUND TABLE, 1897).png|center|128px]] | [[Mary Anne Sadlier]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-12-31 | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-04-05 | [[Muinchille]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1229 | | [[Kit Ahern]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-01-13 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-12-27 | [[Áth an tSléibhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1230 | | [[Nicky McFadden]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-12-25 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-03-25 | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1231 | | [[Tadhg Dall Ó hUiginn]] | data-sort-value="1550" | 1550 | data-sort-value="1591" | 1591-03 | [[Cúige Chonnacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1232 | | [[Tomás Ó Néill Ruiséal]] | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828 | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908 | [[An Móta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1233 | | [[Mary Elizabeth Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-07-02 | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-01-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1234 | | [[Henry Mountcharles|Henry Conyngham]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-05-25 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-06-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1235 | | [[Anraí Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-04-07 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-11-24 | ''[[:d:Q4222952|Clárach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1236 | | [[Seosamh Ó Ceocháin]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-08-18 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-01-05 | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1237 | | [[Vincent Barry]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1238 | [[Íomhá:N McBride 1900.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niall Mac Giolla Bhrighde]] | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | ''[[:d:Q104349864|Faiche Mhór]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1239 | | [[Michael O'Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-11-01 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-03-09 | [[Teach Srafáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1240 | | [[Brigid Hogan-O'Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-03-10 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-11-02 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1241 | [[Íomhá:Billy Lawless.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Billy Lawless]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-07-04 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-11-08 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1242 | | [[Eoghan Ó Siadhail]] | data-sort-value="1584" | 1584 | data-sort-value="1650" | 1650-06-21 | [[Contae na hIarmhí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1243 | | [[Stephen Spring Rice (1814–1865)]] | data-sort-value="1814" | 1814-08-31 | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-05-09 | ''[[:d:Q16931404|Mount Trenchard House]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1244 | | [[Julia Grenan]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883-07-02 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-06 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1245 | | [[Keelin Shanley]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-08-24 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-02-08 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1246 | | [[Domhnaill Ó Bearáin]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-02-28 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-01-03 | [[Contae Átha Cliath Theas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1247 | | [[Cecilia Margaret Nairn]] | data-sort-value="1791" | 1791 | data-sort-value="1857" | 1857-06-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1248 | | [[Victoria Coffey]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-09-16 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-06-15 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1249 | | [[Thomas de Vere Coneys]] | data-sort-value="1804" | 1804 | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851-12-28 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1250 | | [[Séamas Ó Dubhghaill]] | data-sort-value="1855" | 1855-07-25 | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-05-30 | ''[[:d:Q104306937|Cúil Éanaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1251 | | [[Seosamh Ó Tórna]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-08-02 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-04-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1252 | | [[Peadar Bairéad]] | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019 | [[Iorras]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1253 | | [[Siobhán Ní Shúilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-08-31 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-05-21 | [[Baile an Fheirtéaraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1254 | | [[Moya Llewelyn Davies]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-03-25 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-09-28 | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1255 | [[Íomhá:Edward King-Tenison ca 1850-1853.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward King-Tenison]] | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805-01-21 | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-06-19 | ''[[:d:Q6408168|Caisleán Chill Rónáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1256 | | [[Charles Dawson]] | data-sort-value="1842" | 1842 | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1257 | | [[Nancy Corrigan]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-06-21 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | [[Acaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1258 | | [[Jemma Redmond]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-03-16 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-08-16 | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1259 | | [[Margaret Dobbs]] | data-sort-value="1871" | 1871-11-19 | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-01-02 | [[Contae Aontroma]]<br/>[[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1260 | [[Íomhá:Women in Mathematics Day 2018 13.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sheila Tinney]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-01-15 | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-03-27 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1261 | | [[Austin Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1835" | 1835<br/>1835-02-23 | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909<br/>1909-11-29 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1262 | | [[Louis Dalton]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-09-20 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-01-13 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1263 | | [[Joseph Hannigan]] | data-sort-value="1904" | 1904 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1264 | | [[Patrick Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-11-16 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-01-21 | [[An Port Nua (Tiobraid Árann)|An Port Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1265 | | [[Hugh Law]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872-07-28 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-04-01<br/>1943-04-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1266 | | [[James Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-01-21 | [[Lios Tuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1267 | [[Íomhá:Jennie Wyse Power.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jennie Wyse Power]] | data-sort-value="1858" | 1858-05-01 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-01-05 | [[Bealach Conglais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1268 | [[Íomhá:Sir.James.Ware.png|center|128px]] | [[James Ware]] | data-sort-value="1594" | 1594-11-26 | data-sort-value="1666" | 1666-12-01 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1269 | [[Íomhá:Michael Donnellan, circa 1944.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Donnellan]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-01-01 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-27 | [[Dún Mór, Contae na Gaillimhe|Dún Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1270 | | [[Mícheál Ó Lócháin|Micheál Ó Lócháin]] | data-sort-value="1836" | 1836-09-29 | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-01-10 | ''[[:d:Q104326011|Currach an Doire]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1271 | [[Íomhá:Joseph MacBride.png|center|128px]] | [[Joseph MacBride]] | data-sort-value="1860" | 1860 | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-01-01 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1272 | | [[Mabel Sharman Crawford]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820-06-03 | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-02-14 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1273 | | [[Diarmaid Ó Muirithe]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-11-11 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-07-11 | [[Ros Mhic Thriúin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1274 | | [[Kathleen Watkins]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-10-17 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-11-07 | [[Teach Sagard]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1275 | | [[Donncha Ó Céileachair]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | [[Cúil Aodha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1276 | | [[Mary Elmes]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-05-05 | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-03-09 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1277 | [[Íomhá:IVRLA 10443 Ó hEinirí.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó hEinirí|Seán Ó hÉinirí]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915-03-26 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-07-26 | [[Cill Ghallagáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1278 | | [[Lily O’Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-08-20 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-05-31 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1279 | | [[Eleanor Knott]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-11-18 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-04 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1280 | | [[James Murnaghan]] | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1281 | [[Íomhá:Maud Joynt at the School of Irish learning 1913.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maud Joynt]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-03-07 | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-07-24 | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1282 | | [[Margaret Grey Porter]] | | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881 | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1283 | | [[Eileen O'Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-06-10 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-20 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1284 | | [[Séamus Ó Caoimh|James George O'Keeffe]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-04-21 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-12-06 | ''[[:d:Q104304440|Baile an Tobair]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1285 | | [[Edith Young]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-09-10 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-02-10 | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1286 | | [[Oonah Keogh]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-05-02 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-07-18 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1287 | | [[Seán Pléimeann]] | data-sort-value="1814" | 1814 | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-01-28 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1288 | | [[Risteárd Ó Glaisne]] | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-09-02 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-11-06 | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1289 | | [[Charlotte Dease]] | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-07-20 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-05-05 | [[Baile Briotáis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1290 | | [[Cáit Feiritéar]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-12-01 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-06-08 | ''[[:d:Q104309724|Baile na hAbha]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1291 | | [[Máire Ní Dhonnchadha Dhuibh]] | data-sort-value="1702" | 1702 | data-sort-value="1795" | 1795 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1292 | | [[Mary Georgina Barton]] | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861-04-03 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-11-08 | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1293 | | [[Pádraigín Haicéad]] | data-sort-value="1604" | 1604 | data-sort-value="1654" | 1654-11 | ''[[:d:Q4852302|An Baile Tarsna]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1294 | | [[Nessa Ní Shéaghdha]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-03-14 | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-04-11 | [[Droim Conrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1295 | [[Íomhá:Máire Rua O'Brien.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Rua Nic Mhathúna|Máire Rua Ní Mhathúna]] | data-sort-value="1615" | 1615 | data-sort-value="1686" | 1686 | [[Cluain idir Dhá Lá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1296 | | [[Peadar Lamb]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-01 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1297 | | [[Donncha Ó Cróinín]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-12-08 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-05 | [[Baile Mhic Íre]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1298 | | [[Vicky Phelan]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-10-28 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-11-14 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1299 | [[Íomhá:Meg Connery, circa 1920s.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Meg Connery]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-12 | [[Cathair na Mart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1300 | | [[Biddy White Lennon]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-11-25 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1301 | | [[Robert William Alexander]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-11-21 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-12-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1302 | | [[Máire Ní Thuathail (léiritheoir)|Máire Ní Thuathail]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-07-29 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-09-19 | [[Tuar Mhic Éadaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1303 | | [[Aodhán Madden]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1304 | [[Íomhá:Kathleen Napoli McKenna.png|center|128px]] | [[Caitlín Ní Chionnaith]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-09-09 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-22 | [[An Seanchaisleán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1305 | | [[Paddy McMahon]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019 | [[An Tulach (An Clár)|An Tulach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1306 | | [[Seán Garvey]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-05-06 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1307 | | [[Patrick Smyth]] | data-sort-value="1824" | 1824 | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-10-14 | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1308 | | [[Thomas Wall]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-07-04 | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-08-20 | ''[[:d:Q104316697|Baile na mBodach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1309 | | [[Clíodna Cussen]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-09-18 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-08-02 | [[An Caisleán Nua, Contae Luimnigh|An Caisleán Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1310 | | [[Caitlín Ní Thoirbheird]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-05-05 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-07-24 | ''[[:d:Q1124843|Mainistir na Búille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1311 | | [[Annraoi Ó Liatháin]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10-15 | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-07-27 | [[Port Omna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1312 | | [[Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (ollamh)|Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-01-21 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-03 | ''[[:d:Q104298855|Doire an Chuilinn]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1313 | | [[Róisín Uí Mhadagáin Ní Raghallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-01-21 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-02-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1314 | | [[Maureen Sweeney]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-06-03 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-12-17 | ''[[:d:Q56274057|Knockanure]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1315 | | [[Liam Prút]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-09-30 | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1316 | | [[Seosamh Ó Guairim]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-12-12 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-03-06 | [[Roisín na Mainiach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1317 | [[Íomhá:Charlotte Blake Thornley Stoker (1818-1901) writer, activist, and mother of Bram Stoker.png|center|128px]] | [[Charlotte Stoker]] | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818 | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-03-15 | [[Béal Átha Seanaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1318 | | [[Nan Ghriallais]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-04-02 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-11-19 | [[Muiceanach idir Dhá Sháile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1319 | | [[Seán Ó Sé (amhránaí)|Seán Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-01-16 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-13 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1320 | | [[Flann Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-09-18 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-12-06 | [[Leamhcán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1321 | | [[Molly Bracken]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-02-03 | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-11-19 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1322 | | [[Mícheál Ó hAodha|Micheál Ó hAodha]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-07-31 | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-01-26 | [[Cill Dalua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1323 | | [[Séamus Ó Creag]] | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861<br/>1863 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-09-15 | ''[[:d:Q104348893|Droim na Saileach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1324 | | [[Conleth Ellis]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-05-10 | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1325 | | [[Seán Ó Súilleabháin (saighdiúir)|Seán Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1700" | 1700 | data-sort-value="1760" | 1760 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1326 | | [[Samuel Holt]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-04-18 | [[An Chúil, Contae na hIarmhí|An Chúil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1327 | | [[Samuel O'Flaherty]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-08-20 | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-05-22 | [[Caisleán na Finne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1328 | [[Íomhá:Sarah Purser by John Butler Yeats.png|center|128px]] | [[Sarah Purser]] | data-sort-value="1848" | 1848-03-22 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-08-07 | [[Dún Laoghaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1329 | [[Íomhá:Seumas MacManus.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seumas MacManus]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-12-31 | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-10-21<br/>1960-10-23 | [[Tamhnach an tSalainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1330 | | [[Seán Broderick]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-08-20 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1331 | | [[Seán Ardagh]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-11-25 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-05-17 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1332 | | [[Seán Brady]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-05-28 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-02-24 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1333 | | [[Seán Browne]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-05-03 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-03-27 | [[Contae Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1334 | | [[Seán Brosnan]] | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916-12-21 | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04-18 | [[An Daingean|Daingean Uí Chúis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1335 | | [[Seán Casey]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-05-09 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-04-29 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1336 | | [[Seán Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-01-20 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-02-01 | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1337 | | [[Seán Collins]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-07-10 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-04-11 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1338 | | [[Seán Dunne]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-12-18 | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-06-25 | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1339 | | [[Seán FitzPatrick]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-05-25 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-11-08 | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1340 | | [[Seán French (1890–1937)|Seán French]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-05-29 | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-09-12 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1341 | | [[Seán French (1931–2011)|Seán French]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-11-08 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-12-25 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1342 | | [[Seán Hayes (polaiteoir)|Seán Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884 | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-01-24 | [[Cuan Dor]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1343 | | [[Seán Hayes (Tiobraid Árann)|Seán Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-16 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1344 | | [[Seán Keane]] | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899-09-14 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-29 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1345 | | [[Seán Keegan]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-02-02 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-07-09 | [[Cill Bheagáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1346 | | [[Seán McCarthy (Corcaigh)|Seán McCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-14 | ''[[:d:Q7899349|Garraí Thancaird]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1347 | [[Íomhá:Sean McGarry, Circa 1914-1923.png|center|128px]] | [[Seán McGarry]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-08-02 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-12-09 | [[Dún Droma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1348 | | [[Seán McCurtin]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-06-24 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-11-12 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1349 | | [[Seán Ó Murchú (peileadóir)|Seán Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-12 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-04-14 | [[An Com, Contae Chiarraí (Corca Dhuibhne)|An Com]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1350 | | [[Seán Ó Gráda]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-12-01 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-04-07 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1351 | | [[Seán O'Mahony]] | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864 | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-11-28 | [[Baile Mhic Andáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1352 | | [[Seán Ó Tiobraide]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-07-15 | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1353 | | [[Seán Ó Ceallaigh (polaiteoir Cláiríneach)|Seán Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-04-17 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-15 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1354 | | [[Johnny Chóil Mhaidhc Ó Coisdealbha]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929-06-21 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-10-27 | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1355 | [[Íomhá:Sean Treacy circa 1919.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Tracey (réabhlóidí, 1895-1920)|Seán Ó Treasaigh]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-02-14 | data-sort-value="1920" | 1920-10-14 | [[Sulchóid Bheag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1356 | | [[Seán Ó Neachtain (Scoláire Gaeilge)|Seán Ó Neachtain]] | data-sort-value="1650" | 1650 | data-sort-value="1729" | 1729-03-09 | ''[[:d:Q67061513|Cluain Oileáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1357 | | [[Sheila Galvin]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914-02-23 | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-20 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1358 | | [[John Esmonde, an 16ú Bairnéad|John Esmonde, Bairnéad an 16ú]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928-06-27<br/>1928-06-28 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-05-16 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1359 | | [[Osmond Esmonde]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-04-04 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-07-22 | [[Guaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1360 | | [[Sorcha Ní Ghuairim]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-10-11 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-12-24 | [[Roisín na Mainiach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1361 | | [[Stanislaus Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940<br/>1939-06-19 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-11-03 | [[An Daingean|Daingean Uí Chúis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1362 | [[Íomhá:Stella Steyn.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stella Steyn]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907-12-26 | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-21 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1363 | | [[Stephen Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-12-26 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-09-08 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1364 | [[Íomhá:Seán MacBride circa 1947.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Coughlan]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910-12-26 | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-12-20 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1365 | | [[Stephen Fuller]] | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-01-01 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-02-23 | [[Cill Flainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1366 | | [[Stephen Jordan]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-12-26 | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-15 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1367 | | [[Sydney Minch]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-06-14 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-03-12 | [[Baile Átha Í]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1368 | | [[Séamus Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-04-30 | [[Inis Córthaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1369 | | [[Séamus Fitzgerald]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-08-21 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-07-23 | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1370 | | [[Séamus Dwyer]] | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-11-15 | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-12-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1371 | | [[Séamus Keely]] | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889-12-28 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-20 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1372 | | [[Séamus Mac an Iomaire]] | data-sort-value="1891" | 1891-01-13 | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-11-15 | [[Maínis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1373 | [[Íomhá:Tadhg Crowley 1924 Election Poster.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tadhg Crowley]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-05-01 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-03-12 | [[Baile an Londraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1374 | | [[Tadhg Manley]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-04-20 | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-08-24 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1375 | [[Íomhá:Tadhg O Donnchadha 1902.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tadhg Ó Donnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-09-04 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-21 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1376 | | [[Ted Russell]] | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-04-01 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-11-28 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1377 | | [[Terry Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-24 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-06-19 | [[Cairlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1378 | | [[Thaddeus Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901 | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-10-25 | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1379 | [[Íomhá:Thaddeus Connellan, by James Northcote.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tadhg Ó Coinnialláin]] | data-sort-value="1780" | 1780 | data-sort-value="1854" | 1854 | [[An Scrín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1380 | [[Íomhá:ThomasBracken-NZ.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Bracken]] | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843-12-21 | data-sort-value="1898" | 1898-02-16 | [[Cluain Eois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1381 | | [[Thomas Burke (An Clár)|Thomas Burke]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-06-10 | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-11-20 | [[Sráid na Cathrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1382 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Davis Young Irelander.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Dáibhis]] | data-sort-value="1814" | 1814-10-14 | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845-09-16 | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1383 | | [[Thomas Dunne]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-03-10 | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-08-03 | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1384 | [[Íomhá:TF O'Higgins, 1933.png|center|128px]] | [[Thomas F. O'Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-04-08 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-01 | [[An Sráidbhaile, Contae Laoise|An Sráidbhaile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1385 | | [[Thomas Falvey]] | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880-08-07 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-02-17 | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1386 | | [[Thomas Finlay (Cumann na nGaedheal)|Thomas Finlay]] | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-10-11 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-11-22 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1387 | | [[Thomas Harris]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895 | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-02-18 | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1388 | | [[Thomas Hennessy]] | data-sort-value="1871" | 1871 | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-01-02 | [[Tiobraid Árann (baile)|Tiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1389 | [[Íomhá:ThomasHunter.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Hunter]] | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-03-11 | [[Baile Chaisleáin an Róistigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1390 | | [[Thomas Hussey]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-01-25 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-01-21 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1391 | [[Íomhá:Alderman Kelly.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-09-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-20 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1392 | | [[Thomas Lawlor]] | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-29 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1393 | | [[Thomas Meaney]] | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-08-11 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-12-26 | [[Sráid an Mhuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1394 | [[Íomhá:Irish nationalist politician Thomas O'Donnell.png|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ó Domhnaill (polaiteoir náisiúnach Éireannach)]] | data-sort-value="1871" | 1871-11-30 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-06-11 | [[An Baile Dubh, Contae Chiarraí (Clann Mhuiris)|An Baile Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1395 | | [[Thomas O'Donoghue]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-03-15 | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1396 | | [[Thomas O'Mahony]] | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-07-20 | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1397 | [[Íomhá:Thomas O'Reilly, 1927.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas O'Reilly (Ciarraí)|Thomas O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-12-17 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-10-22 | [[An Coireán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1398 | | [[Thomas Powell]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892-04-16 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-06-20 | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1399 | [[Íomhá:MADDEN(1888) p370 THOMAS RUSSEL.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ruiséil (reibiliúnach)|Tomás Ruiséil]] | data-sort-value="1767" | 1767-11-21 | data-sort-value="1803" | 1803-10-21 | [[Drom Átháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1400 | | [[Thomas Tynan]] | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-24 | [[Baile Briotáis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1401 | | [[Sailí Ní Anluain]] | data-sort-value="1830" | 1830s | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-12-28 | ''[[:d:Q104353049|Droim Gamhna]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1402 | [[Íomhá:Photograph Patron James O'Donnell dated pre1897.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828 | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897-10-17 | ''[[:d:Q104316556|Baile an Mhoirtéalaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1403 | | [[Peadar Neilí Ó Domhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-04-11 | [[An Cheathrú Rua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1404 | | [[Seán Ó Morónaigh]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-04-24 | [[Úlla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1405 | | [[Séamus Ó Muircheartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1877" | 1877-07-01 | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927-03-11 | [[Ard na Caithne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1406 | | [[Joe Mulholland]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-31 | [[Bealach Féich]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1407 | | [[Peadar Ó Treasaigh]] | | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-02-28 | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1408 | | [[Patrick M. Foley|Patrick Foley]] | | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931-08-22 | [[Corca Dhuibhne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1409 | | [[Séamus Ó hUltacháin]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-09-19 | ''[[:d:Q104343964|Corr na Gaoithe]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1410 | | [[Diarmuid Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-08-05 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-11-13 | ''[[:d:Q104278666|Coill tSíomóin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1411 | | [[Josie Sheáin Jeaic Mac Donncha]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-09 | [[An Aird Thiar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1412 | | [[Teresa Mullen]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-04-27 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-08-23 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1413 | | [[Liam Budhlaeir]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-09-28 | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-10 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1414 | | [[Róise Mhic Ghrianna]] | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879-03-13 | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-04-06 | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1415 | | [[Seán Ó hÉalaí]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-01-27 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-12-11 | ''[[:d:Q82025075|Poll Raithní (Sweeny)]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1416 | | [[Aogán Ó Muircheartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-05-26 | [[Dún Chaoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1417 | | [[Seán Ó Tuairisg]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-11-01 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-04-19 | [[An Lochán Beag, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Lochán Beag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1418 | | [[Caitlín Ní Mhaolchróin]] | data-sort-value="1895" | 1895-11-22 | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-06-13 | [[Cill Bheagáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1419 | | [[Nóra Ághas]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-07-15 | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-20 | ''[[:d:Q60555545|Cinn Aird]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1420 | | [[An Beirneach|Liam Ó Beirn]] | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869 | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-07-17 | ''[[:d:Q104325767|Ceathrú na Gaoithe]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1421 | | [[Seosamh Ieróm Mac Giolla Phádraig]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878 | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1422 | | [[Seán Ó Súilleabháin (béaloideasóir)|Seán Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-11-30 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-12 | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1423 | | [[Patrick Hourigan]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-05-07 | [[Maigh Rua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1424 | [[Íomhá:James Joyce by Alex Ehrenzweig, 1915 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Joyce]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-02-02 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-01-13 | [[Ráth Garbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1425 | [[Íomhá:Kathleen Yardley Lonsdale (1903-1971).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen Lonsdale]] | data-sort-value="1903" | 1903-01-28 | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-04-01 | [[Droichead Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1426 | [[Íomhá:William Rowan Hamilton painting.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Rowan Hamilton]] | data-sort-value="1805" | 1805-08-04 | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-09-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1427 | [[Íomhá:Kay McNulty Mauchly Antonelli.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen Antonelli]] | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921-02-12 | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006-04-20 | [[An Craoslach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1428 | [[Íomhá:George Bernard Shaw.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Bernard Shaw]] | data-sort-value="1856" | 1856-07-26 | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-11-02 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1429 | [[Íomhá:Sir Francis Beaufort by Stephen Pearce.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Francis Beaufort]] | data-sort-value="1774" | 1774-05-27<br/>1774-05-07 | data-sort-value="1857" | 1857-12-17 | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1430 | [[Íomhá:Mícheál Ó Súilleabháin (left) honorary conferring of Seamus Heaney (right) at the University of Limerick, 1996.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Súilleabháin (ollamh)|Mícheál Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-12-10 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-11-07 | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1431 | | [[Seán Ó Céirín]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-19 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-08-21 | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1432 | [[Íomhá:Oscar Wilde by Napoleon Sarony. Three-quarter-length photograph, seated.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Oscar Wilde]] | data-sort-value="1854" | 1854-10-16 | data-sort-value="1900" | 1900-11-30 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1433 | [[Íomhá:Bram Stoker 1906.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bram Stoker]] | data-sort-value="1847" | 1847-11-08 | data-sort-value="1912" | 1912-04-20 | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1434 | [[Íomhá:Samuel Beckett, Pic, 1 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Samuel Beckett]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-04-13 | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-22 | [[Carraig an tSionnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1435 | [[Íomhá:William Butler Yeats by George Charles Beresford.jpg|center|128px]] | [[W. B. Yeats]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-06-13 | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-01-28 | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1436 | [[Íomhá:Jonathan Swift by Charles Jervas detail.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jonathan Swift]] | data-sort-value="1667" | 1667-11-30 | data-sort-value="1745" | 1745-10-19 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1437 | [[Íomhá:The Shannon Portrait of the Hon Robert Boyle.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Boyle]] | data-sort-value="1627" | 1627-01-25 | data-sort-value="1691" | 1691-12-31 | ''[[:d:Q2368947|Caisleán Leasa Móire]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1438 | | [[Máirín Ní Mhuiríosa]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906-09-05 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-08-27 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1439 | [[Íomhá:Eibhlín Nic Niocaill.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eibhlín Nic Niocaill]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-10-22 | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-08-13 | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1440 | | [[Bríd Ní Ghiolláin]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894-11-15 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-12-31 | ''[[:d:Q124407631|Fearann an Choirce]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1441 | | [[John William Seoighe]] | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | ''[[:d:Q104320884|Inis an Ghainimh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1442 | | [[Mícheál Mháire an Ghabha Ó Ceannabháin]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | [[An Aird Thoir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1443 | | [[Máire an Ghabha]] | data-sort-value="1905" | 1905-03-18 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | [[An Aird Thoir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1444 | | [[Máirtín Pheaits Ó Cualáin]] | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922-11-22 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-03-23 | ''[[:d:Q124326853|An Teach Mór]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1445 | | [[Cóilín Sheáin Dharach Seoige]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918-04 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-04 | [[Ros Muc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1446 | | [[Tom Bheairtle Tom Ó Flatharta]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-08-15 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-12 | [[An Lochán Beag, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Lochán Beag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1447 | | [[Tom Phaddy Mac Diarmada]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-03-02 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-04-02 | [[An Lochán Beag, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Lochán Beag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1448 | | [[Johnny Báille]] | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932-03-25 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-09-26 | [[Leitir Móir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1449 | | [[Tess Uí Chonghaile]] | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-03-08 | ''[[:d:Q65955633|An Máimín]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1450 | | [[Meáirt Churraoin]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-12-12 | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q104322556|Na hAille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1451 | | [[Meaití Jo Shéamuis Ó Fátharta|Meaití Jó Shéamuis Ó Fátharta]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-04-13 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-01-03 | ''[[:d:Q104322556|Na hAille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1452 | | [[Domhnall Mac Síthigh]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-21 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-06-09 | ''[[:d:Q104309736|Baile Eaglaise]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1453 | | [[Pat Cheoinín]] | data-sort-value="1915" | 1915 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | [[Fínis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1454 | | [[Feistí Ó Conluain]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-04 | ''[[:d:Q124453497|Baile Liam]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1455 | | [[Máire Nic Dhonnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-12-01 | ''[[:d:Q124499647|An Caorán Mór]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1456 | | [[Réamonn Jimmy Mac Donncha]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-01-26 | [[Inis Mhic Cionaith]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1457 | | [[Bina McLoughlin]] | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-02-16 | ''[[:d:Q104321379|Gleann na nGeimhleach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1458 | | [[Domhnall Ó Baoighill]] | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878-01-25 | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-05-30 | [[Croithlí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1459 | | [[Tadhg Ó Murchadha (béaloideasóir)|Tadhg Ó Murchadha]] | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896-02-11 | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-09-08 | ''[[:d:Q104310755|Cathair Dónall]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1460 | | [[Minnie Cormack]] | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862 | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919<br/>1920 | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1461 | | [[Séamus Ó Cinnéide (file)|Séamus Ó Cinnéide]] | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-12-26 | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1462 | | [[Aindrias Ó Baoighill]] | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888-04-07 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-03-17 | ''[[:d:Q104348790|Maol na Mine Beag]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1463 | [[Íomhá:Enright Anne koeln literaturhaus 181108.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anne Enright]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-10-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1464 | [[Íomhá:Roddy Doyle in the festival garden at Haus der Berliner Festspiele on September 14th 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roddy Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-05-08 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1465 | [[Íomhá:ThatXmasBFILFF191024 (55 of 119) (54100308426) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fiona Shaw]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-07-10 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1466 | [[Íomhá:Jay OShea v Stoke cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James O'Shea]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-08-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1467 | [[Íomhá:PierceBrosnan-byPhilipRomano.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pierce Brosnan]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-05-16 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1468 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Ireland 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Ireland]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-08-22 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1469 | [[Íomhá:Ned O'Sullivan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ned O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-11-25 | | [[Lios Tuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1470 | [[Íomhá:BertieAhernBerlin2007-bis.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bertie Ahern|Parthalán Ó hEachthairn]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-09-12 | | [[Droim Conrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1471 | [[Íomhá:JoeyO'Brien.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Joey O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-02-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1472 | [[Íomhá:2025 Colin Farrell - 2 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colin Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-05-31 | | ''[[:d:Q104261563|Caisleán Cnucha]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1473 | [[Íomhá:2013 Robbie Keane (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robbie Keane]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-07-08 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1474 | [[Íomhá:Brian Cowen at White House on Saint Patrick's Day 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Cowen|Brian Ó Comhain]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-01-10 | | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1475 | [[Íomhá:Mary Robinson (2014).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Mhic Róibín]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-21 | | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1476 | [[Íomhá:Roy keane 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roy Keane]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-10 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1477 | [[Íomhá:DDuff.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Damien Duff]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-03-02 | | [[Baile Baodáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1479 | [[Íomhá:CillianMurphy-TIFF2025-01-Cropped (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Cillian Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-05-25 | | [[Dúglas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1480 | [[Íomhá:Mark Deery.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Dearey]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-03-19 | | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1481 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Gleeson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Gleeson]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-03-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1482 | [[Íomhá:Evanna Lynch Comic Con Cape Town 2026 02.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Evanna Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-08-16 | | [[Tearmann Feichín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1483 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Colfer at BookExpo (05180).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Colfer]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-05-14 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1484 | [[Íomhá:Jonathan Rhys Meyers Cabourg 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jonathan Rhys Meyers]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-07-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1485 | [[Íomhá:Shay Given 2021.png|center|128px]] | [[Shay Given]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-20 | | [[Leifear]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1486 | [[Íomhá:Geldof, Bob (IMF 2009).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bob Geldof]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-05 | | [[Dún Laoghaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1487 | [[Íomhá:Sheamus March 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sheamus]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-01-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1488 | [[Íomhá:Cecelia Ahern - Buchmesse Wien 2022 (a).JPG|center|128px]] | [[Cecelia Ahern]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-09-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1489 | [[Íomhá:Niamh Kavanagh in Oslo 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niamh Kavanagh]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-13 | | [[Fionnghlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1490 | [[Íomhá:Eimear Quinn tijdens Het Grote Songfestivalfeest 2019.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eimear Quinn]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-12-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1491 | [[Íomhá:Sarah Bolger at DIFF 2026.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sarah Bolger]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-02-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1492 | [[Íomhá:Sharon Corr.png|center|128px]] | [[Sharon Corr]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-03-24 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1493 | [[Íomhá:Elaine Cassidy 2012.png|center|128px]] | [[Elaine Cassidy]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-12-31 | | [[Cill Chomhghaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1494 | [[Íomhá:Sonia O'Sullivan from Sean Kelly and Sonia O Sullivan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sonia O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-11-28 | | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1495 | [[Íomhá:Fionnula Flanagan (2018) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fionnula Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1496 | | [[Michelle Smith]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-12-16 | | [[Ráth Cúil, Baile Átha Cliath|Ráth Cúil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1497 | [[Íomhá:Finnan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Steve Finnan]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-24 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1498 | [[Íomhá:Richard Dunne 2012 Sopot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Dunne]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-09-21 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1499 | [[Íomhá:Naoise Ó Muirí 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naoise Ó Muirí]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-15 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1500 | [[Íomhá:WithSMcropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Samantha Mumba]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-01-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1501 | [[Íomhá:Christy Moore in Vicar Street.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Christy Moore]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-07 | | [[Droichead Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1502 | [[Íomhá:Kerry Condon during an interview in 2022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kerry Condon]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-01-09 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1503 | [[Íomhá:Marian Keyes 2022.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marian Keyes]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-09-10 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1504 | [[Íomhá:Imelda May (1).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Imelda May]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1505 | [[Íomhá:Alison Doody 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alison Doody]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-11-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1506 | [[Íomhá:Katie Taylor 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Katie Taylor]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07-02 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1507 | [[Íomhá:Maryolympia.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Black]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-05-23<br/>1955-05-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1508 | [[Íomhá:John Lyons 2012.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Lyons]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-06-03 | | [[Baile Munna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1509 | [[Íomhá:Andrea corr glastonbury.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Andrea Corr]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-17 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1510 | [[Íomhá:Éamon Ó Cuív clutching a cup.png|center|128px]] | [[Éamon Ó Cuív]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-06-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1511 | [[Íomhá:Seán Haughey, Jan 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó hEochaidh]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-11-08 | | [[Ráth Eanaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1512 | [[Íomhá:Dublin Writers Festival 2007 (686228986) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Claire Keegan]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1513 | [[Íomhá:StSunniva.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sunniva]] | data-sort-value="901" | 10th century | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1514 | [[Íomhá:Kevin Doyle at Avaya (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-18 | | [[Maigh Arnaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1515 | [[Íomhá:Gabriel Byrne 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gabriel Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1516 | [[Íomhá:FIFA WC-qualification 2014 - Austria vs Ireland 2013-09-10 - Shane Long 02.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Long]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-22 | | [[Gort na hUamha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1517 | [[Íomhá:Charlie McCreevy portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles McCreevy|Cathal Mac Riabhaigh]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-30 | | [[Na Solláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1518 | [[Íomhá:Manchester - Old Trafford - Manchester United vs Crawley Town.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John O'Shea]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-30 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1519 | [[Íomhá:Cox Portrait 2002.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Cox|Pádraig Mac an Choiligh]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1520 | [[Íomhá:Ronan Keating - 2016-11-25 Night of the Proms (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ronan Keating]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-03-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1521 | [[Íomhá:Damien Rice 5.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Damien Rice]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-12-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1522 | [[Íomhá:Brian McFadden (cropped2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian McFadden]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-04-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1523 | [[Íomhá:John Banville (2019) III.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Banville]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-08 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1524 | [[Íomhá:Colm Meaney at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Meaney]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-05-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1525 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Hunt 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Hunt]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-08-01 | | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1526 | [[Íomhá:10.5.17RobertSheehanByLuigiNovi1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Sheehan]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-01-07 | | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1527 | [[Íomhá:Glenn Whelan 2012 Sopot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Glenn Whelan]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1528 | [[Íomhá:Keith Andrews, Brentford F.C. head coach, August 2025.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Keith Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-09-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1529 | [[Íomhá:Staunton, Steve.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Steve Staunton]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-01-19 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1530 | [[Íomhá:Nair Tiknizyan, Seamus Coleman, Festy Ebosele YantsImages - Asatur Yesayants 668 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Coleman]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-10-11 | | [[Dún na nGall (baile)|Dún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1531 | [[Íomhá:FIFA WC-qualification 2014 - Austria vs Ireland 2013-09-10 - Paul McShane 03 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] | [[Paul McShane]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-01-06 | | [[Cill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1532 | [[Íomhá:Denis Irwin (2017-07-29 img06) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Irwin]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-10-31 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1533 | [[Íomhá:ESC2016 - Ireland 01 3.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nicky Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1534 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Kelly 2012 Sopot.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1535 | [[Íomhá:Niall Quinn 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niall Quinn]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-10-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1536 | [[Íomhá:Ken Doherty PHC 2012-3.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ken Doherty]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-09-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1537 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Day, Secretary-General of the EC - 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Day]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-06-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1538 | [[Íomhá:Darren Shan (2016).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Darren Shan]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-07-03<br/>1972-07-02 | | [[Londain]]<br/>[[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1539 | [[Íomhá:Dick Spring, April 1995 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dick Spring|Risteard Mac An Earraigh]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-08-29 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1540 | [[Íomhá:Liam Brady rte.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Brady]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-02-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1541 | [[Íomhá:Stephen ROCHE.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Roche]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-11-28 | | [[Dún Droma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1542 | [[Íomhá:Aidan Gillen Official.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aidan Gillen]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-04-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1543 | | [[Frank McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-07-29 | | [[Bun Cranncha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1544 | [[Íomhá:Darren O'Dea 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Darren O'Dea]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-02-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1545 | | [[Packie Bonner]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-24 | | [[Ailt an Chorráin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1546 | [[Íomhá:Ciarán Cannon April 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciarán Cannon|Ciarán Ó Canáin]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-19 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1547 | [[Íomhá:John Boyne in Dublin (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] | [[John Boyne]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-04-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1548 | | [[Máirtín Mac Cumascaigh]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-11-09 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1549 | | [[Dan Neville]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-08 | | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1550 | [[Íomhá:Liam Twomey, May 2015 (17744432900) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Twomey]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-04-03 | | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1551 | [[Íomhá:Ciarán Cuffe Annual Green Convention 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciarán Cuffe]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-04-03 | | [[Seanchill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1552 | [[Íomhá:Bernard Durkan (official portrait) 2020 (cropped) 2.png|center|128px]] | [[Bernard Durkan]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-03-26 | | [[Béal Átha na Muice]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1553 | [[Íomhá:DOOR STEP 2016-07-12 Denis Naughten (27644046983).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Naughten]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-06-23 | | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1554 | [[Íomhá:PadraigHarrington2004RyderCup.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Harrington]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1555 | [[Íomhá:Dylan Moran Melbourne.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dylan Moran]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-11-03 | | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1556 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Hand (1981).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Hand]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-03-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1557 | [[Íomhá:Anthony Lawlor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anthony Lawlor]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-13 | | [[Baile Eoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1558 | | [[Gary Deegan]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1559 | [[Íomhá:Tommy Bowe.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tommy Bowe]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-02-22 | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1560 | [[Íomhá:Cardinal Sean Patrick Brady.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Brádaigh]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-08-16 | | ''[[:d:Q5309129|Drumcalpin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1561 | [[Íomhá:Marian Harkin, Dec 2024 - 54193737946 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marian Harkin]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-26 | | [[Baile an Tóchair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1562 | [[Íomhá:Maria Doyle Kennedy 2014 crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maria Doyle Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-25 | | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1563 | [[Íomhá:Deirdre de Búrca at Lisbon 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Déirdre de Búrca]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1564 | [[Íomhá:Angela Farrell PBS 1971.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Angela Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Dún na nGall (baile)|Dún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1565 | [[Íomhá:Joan Burton crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joan Burton|Siobhán de Bhurtúin]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-02-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1566 | [[Íomhá:Mary Coughlan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Ní Chochláinn]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-05-28 | | [[Dún na nGall (baile)|Dún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1567 | [[Íomhá:Jan O'Sullivan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jan O'Sullivan|Jan Uí Shúilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-12-06 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1568 | [[Íomhá:Gerard Collins MEP 1994.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerry Collins]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-10-16 | | [[Mainistir na Féile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1569 | | [[Kirsten Sheridan]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-07-14 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1570 | [[Íomhá:Rob Kearney 2015 RWC.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rob Kearney]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-03-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1571 | [[Íomhá:Alan Dukes, December 1996 (cropped original).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Dukes|Ailéin de Diúc]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-20 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1572 | [[Íomhá:Alan Kelly 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Kelly (polaiteoir)|Alan Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-07-13 | | [[An Port Rua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1573 | [[Íomhá:FIFA WC-qualification 2014 - Austria vs Ireland 2013-09-10 - David Forde 01.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Forde]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-12-20 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1574 | [[Íomhá:Domhnall Gleeson - Walk of Fame.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Domhnall Gleeson]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-05-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1575 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Howlin Aviva (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Howlin|Breandán Ó hAmhláin]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-09 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1576 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Smith 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Smith]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-01 | | [[An Cabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1577 | [[Íomhá:The British Library - Classic Album Sundays present an Evening with Róisín Murphy (zPkiYJX5h7Q - 1920x1080 - 8m43s).png|center|128px]] | [[Róisín Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-05 | | [[An tInbhear Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1578 | [[Íomhá:Mary Lou McDonald, 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Lou McDonald]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-05-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1579 | | [[Doireann Ní Bhriain]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1580 | | [[Dawn Martin]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-06-28 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1581 | [[Íomhá:Mary White Green Party.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary White]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-11-24 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1582 | | [[Marina Carr]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-11-17 | | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1583 | [[Íomhá:Siobhan Fahey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Siobhan Fahey]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1584 | [[Íomhá:Mary Harney cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Harney|Máire Ní Áirne]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-11 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1585 | [[Íomhá:Mairead McGuinness 2023.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mairead McGuinness|Máiréad Nic Aonasa]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-13 | | [[Droichead Átha]]<br/>[[Baile Átha Fhirdhia]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1586 | [[Íomhá:Mary Hanafin (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Ní Ainifín]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-01 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1587 | [[Íomhá:Andy Reid.png|center|128px]] | [[Andy Reid]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1588 | [[Íomhá:Colm toibin 2006.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Tóibín]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-05-30 | | [[Inis Córthaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1589 | [[Íomhá:KeithFahey Augsburg.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Keith Fahey]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-01-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1590 | [[Íomhá:Batt O'Keeffe 2.png|center|128px]] | [[Batt O'Keeffe]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-02 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1591 | [[Íomhá:Prendergast, Phil-9374.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Phil Prendergast]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-09-20 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1592 | | [[Ruth Bradley]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1593 | [[Íomhá:SKenny.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1594 | [[Íomhá:Cillian Sheridan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cillian Sheridan]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-23 | | [[Coill an Chollaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1595 | | [[Yvonne McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-10-12 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1596 | [[Íomhá:Mary Kennedy at Electric Picnic 2024.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-10-04 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1597 | [[Íomhá:Nessa Childers MEP Ireland 01 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] | [[Nessa Childers]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-10-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1598 | [[Íomhá:Martin hayes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Martin Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-11-13 | | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1599 | [[Íomhá:Alan Shatter.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Shatter]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-02-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1600 | [[Íomhá:Anthony Stokes Tehran derby.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anthony Stokes]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-07-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1601 | | [[Avril Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-04-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1602 | [[Íomhá:Frances Fitzgerald 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frances Fitzgerald|Proinséas Mhic Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-08-01 | | [[Cromadh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1603 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Byrne TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-02-26 | | [[An Cloigín Gorm]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1604 | [[Íomhá:Dervla Kirwan at the BAFTA's in 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dervla Kirwan]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-24<br/>1971-10-23 | | [[Baile an Teampaill (Baile Átha Cliath)|Baile an Teampaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1605 | [[Íomhá:1718637040285 20190604 KELLEHER Billy IE 14.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Billy Kelleher]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-01-20 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1606 | [[Íomhá:Minister Jimmy Deenihan at the Feile na Greine Festival, Tech Amergin, Waterville, Co Kerry. 2012.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Jimmy Deenihan]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-09-11 | | [[Leic Snámha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1607 | [[Íomhá:Pat Breen 2017 at Opening plenary session, 11 December 2017 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Breen]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-03-21 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1608 | [[Íomhá:Pat Rabbitte, circa 2002.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Rabbite|Pádraic Ó Coinín]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-18<br/>1949-06-18 | | [[Clár Chlainne Mhuiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1609 | | [[John Joe Nevin|John Joseph Nevin]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-07 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1610 | [[Íomhá:Donal MacIntyre.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donal MacIntyre]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-01-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1611 | [[Íomhá:Michael O’Leary 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael O'Leary (Ryanair)|Michael O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-20 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1612 | [[Íomhá:Kian Egan 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kian Egan]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-04-29 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1613 | [[Íomhá:Paul Murphy 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Murphy (Polaiteoir Éireannach)|Paul Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-04-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1614 | [[Íomhá:Michael Kitt, 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael P. Kitt]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-17 | | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1615 | [[Íomhá:Louis Walsh2009July.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Louis Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-05 | | [[Coillte Mach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1616 | [[Íomhá:Altan - Mardis de Plouescat 2013 05.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-07-26 | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1617 | | [[Conor McPherson]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1618 | [[Íomhá:Eamonn Coghlan (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eamonn Coghlan]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-21 | | [[Droimeanach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1619 | [[Íomhá:RubyWalsh2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruby Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-05-14 | | ''[[:d:Q2084287|An Chill]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1620 | | [[Éamann Ó Braonáin]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-02 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1621 | [[Íomhá:Shane Filan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Filan]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-07-05 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1622 | [[Íomhá:President Biden celebrates 2023 Saint Patrick's Day at the White House (4) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niall Horan]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-09-13 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1623 | [[Íomhá:2023-04-29 18-11-19 ILCE-7C DSC15774 Kiri DxO.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Gleeson]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-20 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1624 | | [[Paddy Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-10-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1625 | [[Íomhá:LarryMullenJr.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Larry Mullen]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-10-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1626 | [[Íomhá:Bono singing in Indianapolis on Joshua Tree Tour 2017 9-10-17.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bono]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1627 | | [[Brian Kerr]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-03<br/>1953-03-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1628 | | [[Gráinne Seoige]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-11-05 | | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1629 | | [[Billy Roche]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-01-11 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1630 | [[Íomhá:Brian O'Driscoll 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian O'Driscoll]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-01-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1631 | [[Íomhá:Brian Ó Domhnaill.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Ó Domhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-10-18 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1632 | [[Íomhá:Eamon Ryan Green Party.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eamon Ryan|Éamon Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-07-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1633 | [[Íomhá:2026 Micheál Martin - (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Ó Máirtín]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-08-16<br/>1960-08-01 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1634 | [[Íomhá:1718705088377 20240617 NI MHURCHU Cynthia IE 007.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cynthia Ní Mhurchú]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1635 | | [[Gráinne Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-26 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1636 | [[Íomhá:Michael Carruth, 1992.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Carruth]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1637 | [[Íomhá:Dermot Bolger.png|center|128px]] | [[Dermot Bolger]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-02-06 | | [[Fionnghlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1638 | [[Íomhá:Stefan Molyneux 2014-02-10.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stefan Molyneux]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1639 | | [[Kevin Moran (peileadóir)|Kevin Moran]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-04-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1640 | [[Íomhá:Jim Corr (Vienna, 2016) 01.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim Corr]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-07-31 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1641 | [[Íomhá:Graham Linehan - 2013 (8735745502) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Graham Linehan]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-05-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1642 | [[Íomhá:3968-owen heary (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Owen Heary]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-10-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1643 | [[Íomhá:Shane Horgan 2009 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Horgan]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-07-18 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1644 | [[Íomhá:Sinkevichinring.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kenny Egan]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-07 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1645 | [[Íomhá:John Hayes LQ 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-11-02 | | ''[[:d:Q5308307|An Drom Salach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1646 | [[Íomhá:Jim-Higgins-Ireland-MIP-Europaparlament-by-Leila-Paul-1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-04 | | [[Béal Átha hAmhnais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1647 | | [[Seán Ó Neachtain]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-22 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1648 | [[Íomhá:GordonDarcy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gordon D'Arcy]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-02-10 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1649 | [[Íomhá:Colum McCann Speaking2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colum McCann]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-02-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1650 | [[Íomhá:Henry Shefflin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Henry Shefflin|Anraí Ó Sibhleáin]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-01-11 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1651 | [[Íomhá:Richard Bruton 2013.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Bruton|Risteard de Briotún]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1652 | [[Íomhá:Pat the Cope Gallagher MEP 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat the Cope Gallagher]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-10 | | [[Ailt an Chorráin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1653 | | [[Séamus Kirk]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-26 | | [[Contae Lú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1654 | [[Íomhá:John O'Donoghue.JPG|center|128px]] | [[John O'Donoghue (polaiteoir)|John O'Donoghue]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-28 | | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1655 | [[Íomhá:Eamon Gilmore Conference 2010 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Éamon Mac Giollamóir]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-04-24 | | [[An Chealtrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1656 | [[Íomhá:(Phil Hogan) 160531 Informal Meeting Ministers of Agriculture Informal Meeting of EU Ministers of Agriculture (26766297963) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Phil Hogan]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-07-04 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1657 | [[Íomhá:Dara Ó Briain 2011 BAFTAs.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dara Ó Briain]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-02-04 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1658 | [[Íomhá:Finn Bálor Backstage cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Finn Bálor]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-07-25 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1659 | [[Íomhá:Seán Gallagher.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Gallagher]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-07 | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1660 | [[Íomhá:Cathal.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Ó Searcaigh]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-12 | | [[Gort an Choirce]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1661 | [[Íomhá:Charlie Flanagan 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-01 | | [[Móinteach Mílic]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1662 | [[Íomhá:Charles McDonald, June 12 1973 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charles McDonald]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-06-11 | | [[Baile Átha an Róine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1663 | [[Íomhá:Colm Burke 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Burke]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-17 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1664 | [[Íomhá:Danielodonnellindublin2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Daniel O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-12-12 | | [[Cionn Caslach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1665 | [[Íomhá:Dara Calleary (official portrait) 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dara Calleary]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-10 | | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1666 | [[Íomhá:Darragh O'Brien.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Darragh O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-08 | | [[Mullach Íde]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1667 | [[Íomhá:David Feldman SA at Autumn Stampex 2017.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Feldman (saineolaí stampaí)|David Feldman]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1668 | [[Íomhá:Deirdre Clune 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Deirdre Clune]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-01 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1669 | [[Íomhá:Denis O'Donovan at the Enthronement of Naruhito (1).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-07-23 | | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1670 | [[Íomhá:Diarmuid Wilson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmuid Wilson]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-11-20 | | [[An Cabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1671 | [[Íomhá:Philip Pettit.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Philip Pettit]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-20 | | [[Béal Átha Ghártha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1672 | [[Íomhá:Dominic Hannigan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dominic Hannigan]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-07-01 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1674 | [[Íomhá:Paschal Donohoe, 2025.11.12 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paschal Donohoe]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-09-19 | | [[Baile Phib]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1675 | [[Íomhá:Ardal O'Hanlon.png|center|128px]] | [[Ardal O'Hanlon]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-10-08 | | [[Carraig Mhachaire Rois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1676 | [[Íomhá:Marc McSharry in 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marc MacSharry]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1677 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Ryan Jnr, 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Ryan|Eoin Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-02-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1678 | [[Íomhá:Kelly, Seán-9813.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Kelly (Fine Gael)|Seán Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-26 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1679 | [[Íomhá:Ray MacSharry, May 1980 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ray MacSharry|Réamann Mac Searraigh]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-04-29 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1680 | [[Íomhá:Joe Higgins TD, 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-20 | | [[Lios Póil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1681 | [[Íomhá:Willie O'Dea 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Willie O'Dea]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-01 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1682 | [[Íomhá:Michael Noonan, May 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Noonan|Micheál Ó Nuanáin]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-05-21 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1683 | [[Íomhá:Gerald Barry 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerald Barry]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-28 | | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1684 | [[Íomhá:Proinsias De Rossa, cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Proinsias de Rossa|Proinsias De Rossa]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-05-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1685 | [[Íomhá:Willo Flood 3.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Willo Flood]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-04-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1686 | [[Íomhá:Johnny Sexton, Jan 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jonathan Sexton]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-07-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1687 | [[Íomhá:Gay Mitchell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gabriel de Mhistéal]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-12-30 | | [[Inse Chór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1688 | | [[Fidelma Healy Eames]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-14 | | [[Maigh Locha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1689 | [[Íomhá:Frank Feighan 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank Feighan]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-04 | | ''[[:d:Q1124843|Mainistir na Búille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1690 | [[Íomhá:Peter Stringer Munster.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Stringer]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-12-13 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1691 | [[Íomhá:Paddy Burke 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paddy Burke]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-01-15 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1692 | [[Íomhá:Newly Elected Deputy Noel Grealish 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Noel Grealish]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-12-16 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1693 | [[Íomhá:Jason Byrne pictured vs Drogheda United at Dalymount Park, Aug 2014.png|center|128px]] | [[Jason Byrne (imreoir sacair)|Jason Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-02-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1694 | [[Íomhá:Pat Kenny.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-01-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1695 | [[Íomhá:Caroline Corr (Vienna, 2016) 03 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caroline Corr]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-03-17 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1696 | [[Íomhá:Simon Coveney 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Simon Coveney|Síomón Ó Cómhanaigh]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-06-16 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1697 | [[Íomhá:Michael Lowry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Lowry]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-13 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1698 | [[Íomhá:James Reilly April 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-08-16 | | [[Lusca]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1699 | | [[Jim Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-05 | | [[Ros Mhic Thriúin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1700 | [[Íomhá:John Gormley TD, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Gormley]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-08-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1701 | | [[Tom Sheahan]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-09-05 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1702 | [[Íomhá:Leo Varadkar TD (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Leo Varadkar]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-01-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1703 | [[Íomhá:Terence Flanagan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Terence Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1704 | [[Íomhá:Kevin Joseph Farrell 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-09-02 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1705 | | [[Glen Crowe]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-12-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1706 | [[Íomhá:Fenlon (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Fenlon]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1707 | [[Íomhá:Mark Feehily 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Feehily]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-05-28 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1708 | | [[Noel Coonan]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-01-06 | | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1709 | | [[Labhrás Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-08-14 | | [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1710 | [[Íomhá:Tríona Ní Dhomhnaill 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tríona Ní Dhomhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Ceanannas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1711 | [[Íomhá:Flickr - DEEEP Project - MEP Liam Aylward, Ireland.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Aighleart]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-09-27 | | [[Muileann an Bhata]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1712 | | [[Liam Mac Cóil]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1713 | [[Íomhá:Maighread Ní Dhomhnaill.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maighread Ní Dhomhnaill]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Ceanannas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1714 | [[Íomhá:John Spillane 1 2010 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] | [[John Spillane]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1715 | [[Íomhá:Зустріч Президента України з головами обох палат парламенту Ірландії 11.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Daly]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-03-12 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1716 | | [[Maurice Cummins]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-02-25 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1717 | [[Íomhá:McDowell says NO! (9826113044) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael McDowell|Mícheál Mac Dubhghaill]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-05-29 | | [[Raghnallach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1718 | [[Íomhá:Trevor Joyce 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Trevor Joyce]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-10-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1719 | [[Íomhá:Niall O Brolchain Mayor Galway.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niall Ó Brolcháin]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-04-14 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1720 | [[Íomhá:Nora Owen, May 1996.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nora Owen]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-06-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1721 | [[Íomhá:Paul O'Connell warmup.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul O'Connell]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-10-20 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1722 | [[Íomhá:Ruairi Quinn (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruairi Quinn|Ruairí Ó Cuinn]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-04-02 | | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1723 | [[Íomhá:Muireann Nic Amhlaoibh. Waterville.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Muireann Nic Amhlaoibh]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Inis Oírr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1724 | | [[Paul Bradford]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-01 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1725 | [[Íomhá:Liam Ó Maonlaí 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Ó Maonlaí]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-11-07 | | [[Baile na Manach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1726 | [[Íomhá:Aoifenifhearraigh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aoife Ní Fhearraigh]] | | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1727 | [[Íomhá:Richard Boyd Barrett 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richard Boyd Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-02-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1728 | [[Íomhá:Robert Troy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Troy]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-24 | | [[Baile na Carraige]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1729 | | [[Seán Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-01 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1730 | [[Íomhá:Shane Ross (official portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Ross]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-07-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1731 | [[Íomhá:Eamon Dunphy 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eamonn Dunphy]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1732 | [[Íomhá:Steve Collins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Steve Collins]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-07-21 | | [[an Chabrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1733 | | [[Diarmuid Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-08-22 | | [[An Daingean|Daingean Uí Chúis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1734 | [[Íomhá:Pat Doherty MP with Mary Doherty and Barry McGuigan at the London St Patrick's Day march. (16232423774).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Barry McGuigan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-02-28 | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1735 | [[Íomhá:Terry Leyden.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Terry Leyden]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-01 | | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1736 | [[Íomhá:John OFlynn.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John O'Flynn]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-11 | | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1737 | [[Íomhá:Timmy Dooley.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Timmy Dooley]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-02-13 | | [[Baile Uí Bheoláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1738 | [[Íomhá:Roy O'Donovan 03-08-2013 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roy O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-08-10 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1739 | [[Íomhá:Gary Doherty.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gary Doherty]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-31 | | [[Carn Domhnach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1740 | [[Íomhá:Colin Healy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colin Healy]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-14 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1741 | [[Íomhá:Alex White TD 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alex White]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-12-03 | | [[Marino]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1742 | [[Íomhá:Una Healy at BAFTAs 2026 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Una Healy]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-10-10 | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1743 | [[Íomhá:Shane Lowry Ryder Cup 2025-194 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Lowry]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-04-02 | | [[Clóirtheach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1744 | [[Íomhá:Ian Gibson FLM2019-1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ian Gibson]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-04-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1745 | | [[Aengus Mac Grianna]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-07-09 | | [[Ráth Eanaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1746 | [[Íomhá:Caitriona Balfe at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (crop).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caitriona Balfe]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-10-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1747 | [[Íomhá:Ciara grant.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciara Grant]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-05-17 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1748 | [[Íomhá:Clare Daly (48758765246) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Clare Daly]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-04-11 | | [[Droichead Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1749 | [[Íomhá:Colm Cooper from Sean Marty Lockhart & Colm Cooper - 2009.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Cúipéir]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-06-03 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1750 | [[Íomhá:Djcarey2012 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[D. S. Ó Ciara]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-11-11 | | [[Gabhrán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1751 | | [[Dónal Ó Seancháin]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-01-04 | | [[Lios Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1752 | | [[Darragh Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-04-01 | | [[Ceann Trá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1753 | [[Íomhá:Declan-Kidney-09-05-23.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Declan Kidney]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-10-20 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1754 | [[Íomhá:Declan O'Sullivan.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Déaglán Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-12-18 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1755 | [[Íomhá:NC Courage vs Gotham FC (Mar 2024) 141 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denise O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-02-04 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1756 | | [[Éadbhard Ó Cathaoir]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-14 | | [[Inis Tíog]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1757 | [[Íomhá:Eric Elwood HK Sevens 1993.png|center|128px]] | [[Eric Elwood]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-02-26 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1758 | [[Íomhá:Frances Black 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frances Black]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-06-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1759 | [[Íomhá:Jimfitzpatricl.png|center|128px]] | [[Jim Fitzpatrick (ealaíontóir)|Jim Fitzpatrick]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1760 | | [[James Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-01-27 | | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1761 | [[Íomhá:Lucinda Creighton (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lucinda Creighton]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-20 | | [[Clár Chlainne Mhuiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1762 | | [[Marc Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-04-21 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1763 | [[Íomhá:Mary Davis 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Davis]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-06 | | [[Béal Átha na Muice]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1764 | | [[Mick O'Connell|Mícheál Ó Conaill]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-01-04 | | [[Oileán Dairbhre]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1765 | | [[Mícheál Mac Síthigh]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-07-28 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1766 | [[Íomhá:An Titlíoch ria.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Titley]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-06-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1767 | | [[Vincent Morley]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1768 | [[Íomhá:Niamh Fahey 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niamh Fahey]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-10-13 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1769 | | [[Nollaig Ó Sceacháin]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-06 | | [[Droichead Binéid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1770 | [[Íomhá:PatScullyManager.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Scully]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-06-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1771 | [[Íomhá:Pink Spillane.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ó Spealáin]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-12-01 | | [[An Teampall Nua, Contae Chiarraí|An Teampall Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1772 | | [[Paul Galvin]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-11-02 | | [[Leic Snámha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1773 | [[Íomhá:Ed Joyce 2007 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ed Joyce]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-09-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1774 | | [[Tomás Breatnach]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-05-27<br/>1983 | | [[Tulach Ruáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1775 | [[Íomhá:Vincent Browne.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Vincent Browne]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-07-17 | | [[Béal an Átha, Contae Luimnigh|Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1776 | [[Íomhá:David McWilliams.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David McWilliams]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1777 | [[Íomhá:Willie Walsh (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Willie Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-10-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1778 | [[Íomhá:Aine O'Gorman Republic of Ireland mix zone 2020-03-05 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Áine O'Gorman]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-05-13 | | [[Cill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1779 | | [[Brian Shelley]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1780 | | [[Dave Mooney]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-10-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1781 | [[Íomhá:Eve Hewson (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Eve Hewson]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-07-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1782 | [[Íomhá:Donnchadh Mac Fhionnghaile.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donnchadh Mac Fhionnlaoich]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-27 | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1783 | | [[Colm Ó Maonlaí]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-12-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1784 | [[Íomhá:Geraldine Kennedy, 2015 (cropped).png|center|128px]] | [[Geraldine Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-09-01 | | [[Trá Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1785 | [[Íomhá:TadhgMacD-0005.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tadhg Mac Dhonnagáin]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Achadh Mór, Contae Mhaigh Eo|Achadh Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1786 | [[Íomhá:Padraig Amond.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Amond]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-04-15 | | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1787 | [[Íomhá:Kbrennan2.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Killian Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-31 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1788 | | [[Martin Coleman]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-02-15 | | [[Béal Átha an Cheasaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1789 | [[Íomhá:Todd Carty.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Todd Carty]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-08-31 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1790 | [[Íomhá:John Perry, May 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Perry]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-08-15 | | [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Baile an Mhóta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1791 | [[Íomhá:Michael Moynihan 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Moynihan (polaiteoir Corcaíoch)|Michael Moynihan]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-01-12 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1792 | [[Íomhá:Seán Fleming.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Fleming]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-01 | | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1793 | [[Íomhá:Joe Costello 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Costello (polaiteoir Éireannach)|Seosamh Mac Coisdealbha]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-07-13 | | [[An Ghaobhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1794 | [[Íomhá:Thomas P. Broughan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tommy Broughan]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-08-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1795 | [[Íomhá:Kathleen Lynch 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-06-07 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1796 | [[Íomhá:Paul Kehoe TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Kehoe]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-01-11 | | [[Brí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1797 | [[Íomhá:Michael Ring 2012 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Ring]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-12-24 | | [[Cathair na Mart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1798 | [[Íomhá:Róisín Shortall 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Róisín Shortall|Róisín Ní Shoirtéil]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-25 | | [[Droim Conrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1799 | [[Íomhá:Barry Andrews, July 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Barry Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-05-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1800 | | [[Billy Timmins]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-10-01 | | [[Bealach Conglais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1801 | [[Íomhá:Jack Wall, circa 2002 03.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Wall]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-07-01 | | [[Díseart Diarmada]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1802 | [[Íomhá:Fergus O'Dowd 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fergus O'Dowd]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-09-01 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1803 | [[Íomhá:John Deasy 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Deasy (Fine Gael)|John Deasy]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-10-08 | | [[Dún Garbhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1804 | | [[Ivor Mac Alaigh]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-05-06 | | [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1805 | | [[Tom Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-16 | | [[An Gabhailín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1806 | [[Íomhá:Olivia Mitchell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Olivia Mitchell]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-07-31 | | [[Biorra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1807 | [[Íomhá:David Stanton 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Stanton]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-02-15 | | [[Mainistir na Corann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1808 | [[Íomhá:Damien English 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Damien English]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-02-21 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1809 | [[Íomhá:ColmÓCíosóig.png|center|128px]] | [[Colm Ó Cíosóig]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-10-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1810 | [[Íomhá:1720100109938 20240704 FLANAGAN Luke Ming IE 004.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Luke 'Ming' Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-22 | | [[Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1811 | [[Íomhá:Dónal Óg Cusack at Web Summit 2014 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dónal Óg Ó Cíosóg]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-03-16 | | [[Cluain, Contae Chorcaí|Cluain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1812 | [[Íomhá:Tim Pat and Martin McGuinness (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tim Pat Coogan|Tadhg Pádraig Ó Cuagáin]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-04-22 | | [[Baile na Manach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1813 | | [[Lesley Roy]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-09-17 | | [[Baile Brigín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1814 | | [[Aodhán Ó Fógartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-20 | | [[Áth na nUrlainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1815 | [[Íomhá:Aidan Harte (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aodán Ó hAirt]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-08-17 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1816 | | [[Aodán Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-29 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1817 | [[Íomhá:Aidan O'Mahony & Eoin Bradley (cropped) - Aidan O'Mahony 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aodhán Ó Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-08 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1818 | [[Íomhá:Aidan Price.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aidan Price]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-12-08 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1819 | [[Íomhá:Senator Aideen Hayden (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aideen Hayden]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-01 | | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1820 | | [[Ailbhe Ní Ghearbhuigh]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1821 | [[Íomhá:Aine Lawlor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aine Lawlor]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1822 | | [[Eileen MacDonagh]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-20 | | [[An Ghaobhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1823 | | [[Alan Ó Brógáin]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1824 | [[Íomhá:Alan Dillon 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Dillon]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1825 | [[Íomhá:Alan Farrell 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-12-29 | | [[Mullach Íde]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1826 | | [[Alan Mathews]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-06-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1827 | [[Íomhá:Alan Nolan cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Ó Nualláin]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-06-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1828 | | [[Alice Maher]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | ''[[:d:Q4220554|Cill Mhaoileachair]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1829 | [[Íomhá:AmandaByramJuly10.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Amanda Byram]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-06-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1830 | | [[Ambrós Ó Donnabháin]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-06-11 | | [[Gníomh go Leith]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1831 | [[Íomhá:Amy Huberman at Dublin Film Festival.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Amy Huberman]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-03-20 | | [[Cábán tSíle]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1832 | [[Íomhá:Andrew Doyle, May 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Andrew Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-07-02 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1833 | [[Íomhá:MK17449 Aisling Bea.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aisling Bea]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-03-16 | | [[Cill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1834 | [[Íomhá:Simon Zebo 2017.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Simon Zebo]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-16 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1835 | | [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh|Fergus Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-12-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1836 | [[Íomhá:David O'Leary and Ronan Finn.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ronan Finn]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-12-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1837 | | [[Aaron Mac Cuinneagáin]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-04-04 | | [[Sionainn (baile)|Sionainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1838 | [[Íomhá:Adam Fergus at DarkLight Con 4 by People Conventions.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Adam Fergus]] | | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1839 | [[Íomhá:Aengus Ó Snodaigh (2024) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aengus Ó Snodaigh]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-07-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1840 | | [[Aindriu Ó Morain]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-11-02 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1841 | [[Íomhá:Ann Phelan 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ann Phelan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-09-16 | | [[Gráig na Manach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1842 | | [[Anna Geary]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-07-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1843 | | [[Annalise Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-01 | | [[Baile Átha Troim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1844 | | [[Anne Colley]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-07-14 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1845 | | [[Anne Doyle]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-01-30 | | [[Fearna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1846 | | [[Anne Ferris]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1847 | | [[Antóin Ó Dálaigh]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-10-29 | | [[Droichead an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1848 | [[Íomhá:Anthony Nash cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Antóin de Nais]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-10-12 | | [[Ceann Toirc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1849 | | [[Anthony Thompson]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07-24 | | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1850 | [[Íomhá:Aodhán Ó Ríordáin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aodhán Ó Ríordáin]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-07-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1851 | | [[Aodán Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-29 | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1852 | [[Íomhá:Aoibhinn Ni Shuilleabhain in Soroti.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aoibhinn Ní Shúilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | ''[[:d:Q5043765|Ceathrú na Con]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1853 | | [[Aoife Ní Thuairisg]] | | | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1854 | | [[Arthur Spring]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-07-05 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1855 | | [[Daragh O'Malley]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-05-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1856 | [[Íomhá:Averil Power 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Averil Power]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-07-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1857 | | [[Barry Cogan]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936-09-27 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1858 | [[Íomhá:1718705058077 20240617 COWEN Barry IE 008.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Barry Cowen]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-08-28 | | [[Clóirtheach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1859 | [[Íomhá:Basil McCrea Lisburn Office047.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Basil McCrea]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-11-13 | | [[Ráth Mealtain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1860 | | [[Beircheart Ó Conchúir]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-01-25 | | ''[[:d:Q7020800|Baile Nua Sheandroma]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1861 | [[Íomhá:Bernard Brogan at Web Summit 2014b.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bernard Brogan Jnr|Bernard Brogan]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-04-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1862 | | [[Bernard Brogan Snr|Bernard Brogan]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1863 | [[Íomhá:Bernard dunne.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bernard Dunne]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-02-06 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1864 | | [[Bernard O'Shea]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Darú, Contae Laoise|Darú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1865 | | [[Bibi Baskin]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-19 | | [[Ard an Rátha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1866 | | [[Liam Cúipéir]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-12-16 | | [[Eochaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1867 | | [[Billy Woods]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-10-24 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1868 | | [[Bob Quinn]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935<br/>1939 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1869 | | [[Brenda Power]] | | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1870 | | [[Breandán de Buigléir|Breandán Dé Buigléir]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-07-22 | | [[An Geata Bán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1871 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Maher (2014).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Maher]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-05 | | [[Buiríos Ó Luigheach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1872 | [[Íomhá:Brendan O'Carroll as the Grand Marshal At The St. Patrick's Day Parade In Dublin (REF-102282).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan O'Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-09-15 | | [[Fionnghlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1873 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Ryan 2013.png|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-02-05 | | [[Domhnach Bat]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1874 | | [[Brendan Shine]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-06-02 | | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1875 | | [[Brendan Toal]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-12-01 | | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1876 | | [[Brian Fleming]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-07-20 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1877 | [[Íomhá:Minister Brian Hayes at Sneem River.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Brian Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-08-23 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1878 | | [[Brian Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-21 | | ''[[:d:Q3930472|Ráth Chormaic]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1879 | | [[Brian Ó hAlluráin]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-05-17 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1880 | [[Íomhá:Brian Stanley 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Stanley]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-01-12 | | [[Buiríos Mór Osraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1881 | | [[Brian Swift]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-01 | | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1882 | | [[Brian Whelehan|Brian Ó Faoileacháin]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08 | | [[Beannchar, Contae Uíbh Fhailí|Beannchar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1883 | | [[Briege Corkery]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-12-16 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1884 | | [[Eva Rothschild]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972<br/>1971-02<br/>1971 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1885 | | [[Bryan Cullen]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-04-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1886 | | [[Bryan Sheehan]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-08-25 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1887 | | [[Bríd Ní Neachtain]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | | [[Ros Muc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1888 | [[Íomhá:Bríd Rodgers 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bríd Rodgers]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-02-20 | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1889 | | [[Mary Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-11-03 | | [[Baile Formaid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1890 | [[Íomhá:Caitriona Jennings.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caitríona Jennings]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-17 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1891 | [[Íomhá:Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin speaking to press 2013 crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-18 | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1892 | [[Íomhá:Cathal Mac Coille.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Mac Coille]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1893 | | [[Cathal Mac an Oirchinnigh]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1894 | [[Íomhá:Inauguration of Catherine Connolly, 11 November 2025 15 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caitríona Ní Chonghaile|Catherine Connolly]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-11-05 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1895 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Murphy politician frameless photo.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-01 | | [[Baile Phámar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1896 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Noone.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Noone]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-06-24 | | [[Clár Chlainne Mhuiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1897 | | [[Cearbhall Óg Ó Dálaigh]] | | | ''[[:d:Q65559822|An Phailís]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 1898 | [[Íomhá:Charlie McConalogue 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Charlie McConalogue]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-10-04 | | [[Carn Domhnach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1899 | [[Íomhá:Chris Andrews 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Chris Andrews (polaiteoir)|Chris Andrews]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-05-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1900 | [[Íomhá:Christopher Joyce (hurler).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Criostóir Seoige]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-01-04 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1901 | | [[Cian Ó Diolún]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-10-30 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1902 | | [[Cian Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1903 | [[Íomhá:Ciara Conway 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciara Conway]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-08-13 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1904 | | [[Ciarán Mac Giolla Chainnigh]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-07-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1905 | [[Íomhá:Ciarán Lynch 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ciarán Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-06-13 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1906 | | [[Ciarán Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-05-30 | | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1907 | | [[Ciarán Ó Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-02-28 | | [[Ráth Eanaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1908 | [[Íomhá:Cillian Buckley cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cillian Ó Buachalla]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-07-14 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1909 | | [[Cillian O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05 | | [[Baile an Tobair, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Ceara)|Baile an Tobair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1910 | | [[Colette Nic Aodha]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Sruthair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1911 | | [[Cóilín Ó Fionnalaigh]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-08-25 | | [[Baile Héil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1912 | | [[Colin Moran]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1913 | | [[Cóilín Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-02 | | [[Cora Chaitlín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1914 | [[Íomhá:Colm Callanan cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Ó Callanáin]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-18 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1915 | | [[Colm Ó Gealbháin]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-02 | | [[Cluain Lára]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1916 | | [[Colm Keaveney]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-01-11 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1917 | [[Íomhá:Conal Keaney (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conal Keaney|Conal Ó Cianaigh]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1918 | | [[Conor Allis]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-08 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1919 | [[Íomhá:Conor Cooney.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conchúr Ó Cuana]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-10-22 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1920 | | [[Conchúir Ó Fogartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-05-12 | | [[Caisleán an Chomair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1921 | | [[Conchur Ó Liatháin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-07-30 | | [[Mainistir na Corann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1922 | | [[Conchúir Mac Craith]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-05-29 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1923 | [[Íomhá:Conor McGregor, UFC 189 World Tour London (2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conor McGregor|Conchúr Mac Gréagóir]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-07-14 | | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1924 | | [[Conchur Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-03-08 | | [[Gleann Maghair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1925 | | [[Cornelius Connolly]] | | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1926 | | [[Cáit Keane]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-24 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1927 | [[Íomhá:Damien Dempsey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Damien Dempsey]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1928 | [[Íomhá:Damien Hayes cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Damien Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-02-18 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1929 | | [[Daniel Bohane]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1930 | | [[Dónall Ó Cearnaigh]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-19 | | [[Gleann Maghair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1931 | | [[Danny Sutcliffe]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-02-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1932 | [[Íomhá:Dara Murphy 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dara Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-12-02 | | [[Gleann Maghair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1933 | | [[Dara Ó Conaola]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1934 | [[Íomhá:Ocinneide cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dara Ó Cinnéide]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-04-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1935 | | [[Darach Ó hEoghanáin]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-21 | | [[Cluain Lára]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1936 | | [[Darach Mac Con Iomaire]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | [[An Charraig Dhubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1937 | [[Íomhá:Darach Ó Scolaí.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Darach Ó Scolaí]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1938 | [[Íomhá:Darina Allen, Ballymaloe Cookery (42147510135) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Darina Allen]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-06-13 | | [[An Chúlchoill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1939 | | [[Darragh Ó Cuaig|daragh fives]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-03-26 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1940 | | [[Darren Magee]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1941 | [[Íomhá:Dave Fanning 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dave Fanning]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-02-27<br/>1955 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1942 | [[Íomhá:David Burke (Hurler) cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Burke]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-01-07 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1943 | [[Íomhá:David Cullinane TD (40211918003) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Cullinane]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-04 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1944 | | [[Daithí Mac Éinrí]] | | | [[Ráth Eanaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1945 | | [[David Moran]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-06-29 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1946 | | [[Daithí Ó Treasaigh]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1947 | | [[Declan O'Mahony]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1948 | [[Íomhá:Denis Bastick during the 2013 NFL Final (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donnacha Bastic]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-05-08 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1949 | [[Íomhá:Denis Behan Writing.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Behan]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-02 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1950 | | [[Denis Bradley]] | | | [[Bun Cranncha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1951 | [[Íomhá:Denis Landy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denis Landy]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-02-28 | | [[Carraig na Siúire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1952 | [[Íomhá:Denis 'Ogie' Moran. Sea Lodge Hotel. Waterville.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donncha Ó Moráin]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-01-16 | | [[Baile an Bhuinneánaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1953 | | [[Derek Ó Loinn]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-07-04 | | [[Áth na nUrlainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1954 | | [[Derek Mooney]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1955 | | [[Derek Murray]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1956 | [[Íomhá:Derek Nolan Election Photo.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Derek Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-10 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1957 | | [[Dermot Somers]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | | [[Contae Ros Comáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1958 | | [[Des Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-05-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1959 | | [[Dessie Farrell]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1960 | [[Íomhá:Cllr Ellis Mansion House, Dublin.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Dessie Ellis]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-23 | | [[Baile Munna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1961 | | [[Seán Óg de Paor]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-12-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1962 | [[Íomhá:Diane Caldwell 20200223 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diane Caldwell]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-11 | | [[Baile Brigín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1963 | | [[Diarmuid O'Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-03-16 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1964 | [[Íomhá:Diarmuid O'Sullivan cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmuid Ó Súilleabháin (iománaí)|Diarmuid Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-07-27 | | [[Cluain, Contae Chorcaí|Cluain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1965 | [[Íomhá:Willie Penrose 2005 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Willie Penrose|Liam Penrose]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-08-01 | | [[Baile na Carraige]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1966 | | [[Donal Ó Grádaigh]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-07 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1967 | | [[Donal Ormonde]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-21 | | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1968 | | [[Domhnall Ó Tuathaigh]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-20 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1969 | [[Íomhá:Donnchadh-walsh.png|center|128px]] | [[Donnacha Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-03 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1970 | [[Íomhá:Dorothy Cross, March 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dorothy Cross]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1971 | | [[Dáithí Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-02 | | [[An Daingean|Daingean Uí Chúis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1972 | | [[Dónall Mac Giolla Easpaig]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-04-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1973 | [[Íomhá:Eamon Scanlon (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eamon Scanlon]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-09-20 | | [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Baile an Mhóta]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1974 | | [[Eamonn Maloney]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1975 | | [[Eimear Ní Chonaola]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1976 | [[Íomhá:Irish Actress Emma Eliza Regan- 2014-04-10 01-42 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Emma Eliza Regan]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Maigh Cuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1977 | [[Íomhá:Eoghan Murphy 2014.png|center|128px]] | [[Eoghan Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-04-23 | | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1978 | | [[Eoghan Mac Diarmada]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-04-15 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1979 | | [[Eoghan Ó Gadhra]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1980 | | [[Eoin Ó Ceadagáin]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-09-01 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1981 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Brosnan. Kerry Footballer and Solicitor..JPG|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Brosnan]] | | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1982 | [[Íomhá:Pte Eoin Larkin Kilkenny Hurler (4951370639).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Ó Lorcáin]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-17 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1983 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Liston. Sea Lodge Hotel. Waterville.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Liostún]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-10-16 | | [[Baile an Bhuinneánaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1984 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Ó Broin 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Ó Broin]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1985 | [[Íomhá:Eric Byrne 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eric Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-04-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1986 | [[Íomhá:Pixie McKenna at the BAFTA's (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pixie McKenna]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-01-20 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1987 | [[Íomhá:Evelyn O'Rourke.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Evelyn O'Rourke]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1988 | | [[Fiach Mac Conghail]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-08-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1989 | | [[Fiachra Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-11-21 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1990 | [[Íomhá:Finian Hanley cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Finian Hanley]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-01-04 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1991 | [[Íomhá:Finian McGrath politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Finian McGrath]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-04-09 | | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1992 | [[Íomhá:Fintan O'Toole, 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fintan O'Toole]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1993 | | [[Fiona Glascott]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-11-22 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1994 | | [[Francis Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-09-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1995 | | [[Frank Clarke (breitheamh)|Frank Clarke]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-10 | | [[Baile Bhailcín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1996 | | [[Frank McLoughlin]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-08-01 | | [[Contae na Mí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1997 | | [[Garraí Mag Uidhir]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-06-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1998 | | [[Gabhán Ó Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-06-11 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1999 | [[Íomhá:Gearóidín Bhreathnach.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gearóidín Bhreathnach]] | | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2000 | [[Íomhá:George Lee at count.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Lee (iriseoir)|George Lee]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-09-27 | | [[Teach Mealóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2001 | | [[Gerard Brennan]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2002 | | [[Gearóid de Paor]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-06-27 | | [[Áth an Choite]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2003 | [[Íomhá:Ged Nash.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerald Nash]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-12-07 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2004 | | [[Gerry Brady]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2005 | | [[Gerry Hutch]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-04-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2006 | [[Íomhá:Glenda Gilson at adiff 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Glenda Gilson]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-03-03 | | [[Caisleán Cnucha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2007 | [[Íomhá:Graham Canty.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Graham Ó Cáinte]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-07-23 | | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2008 | | [[Graham Mag Oireachtaigh]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-17 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2009 | [[Íomhá:Heather Humphreys 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Heather Humphreys]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-14 | | ''[[:d:Q31173147|An Droim]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2010 | [[Íomhá:Hildegarde Naughton.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hildegarde Naughton]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-05-01 | | [[Órán Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2011 | | [[Ian Dempsey]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-01-16 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2012 | [[Íomhá:Ivana Bacik 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ivana Bacik]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-05-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2013 | | [[J. J. Ó Dúláinne]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-03-06 | | [[Baile Sheáin, Contae Chill Chainnigh|Baile Sheáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2014 | | [[Jack O'Shea|Seán Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-11-19 | | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2015 | [[Íomhá:Jackie Tyrrell (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Tirial]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-06-19 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2016 | [[Íomhá:Jacqui Hurley.png|center|128px]] | [[Jacqui Hurley]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-01-15 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2017 | | [[James Bannon]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-03-06 | | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2018 | [[Íomhá:James heffernan.png|center|128px]] | [[James Heffernan]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-10-03 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2019 | [[Íomhá:James McCarthy during the 2013 NFL Final.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Mac Cártaigh]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2020 | [[Íomhá:McGee WMQ14 (6) (14583901776).jpg|center|128px]] | [[James McGee]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-06-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2021 | | [[Séamas Mac Fhearaigh]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-11-26 | | [[Droichead Binéid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2022 | [[Íomhá:James Skehill (2013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Ó Sceacháil]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-02-22 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2023 | [[Íomhá:Jason Byrne - SYTYF.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Jason Byrne (fear grinn)|Jason Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-02-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2024 | | [[Iasan Scorlóg]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-01-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2025 | | [[Jennifer Zamparelli|Jennifer Maguire]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-04-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2026 | [[Íomhá:Jerry Buttimer 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jerry Buttimer]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-18 | | [[Baile an Easpaig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2027 | [[Íomhá:Jessie Buckley at the Toronto International Film Festival 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jessie Buckley]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-28 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2028 | [[Íomhá:Jillian van Turnhout.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jillian van Turnhout]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-03-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2029 | | [[Jim D'Arcy]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-07-20 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2030 | [[Íomhá:Jim Daly politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim Daly]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-12-20 | | [[Draighneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2031 | | [[Jim Gavin]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-07-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2032 | | [[Séamus de Barra-Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-22 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2033 | | [[Jimmy Harte]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-27 | | [[Leifear]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2034 | | [[Séamus Ó Géibheannaigh|Jimmy Keaveney]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-02-12 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2035 | [[Íomhá:Joan Collins TD 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joan Collins (polaiteoir)|Joan Collins]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-06-04 | | [[Droimeanach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2036 | | [[Joe Behan]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-07-30 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2037 | [[Íomhá:Joe Bergin (Gaelic footballer, 2015).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Bergin]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-02-17 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2038 | [[Íomhá:Joe Canning (2013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seosamh Ó Cainín]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-10-11 | | [[Port Omna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2039 | [[Íomhá:Joe Carey 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Carey]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-24 | | [[Droichead an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2040 | | [[Seosamh Ó Déin]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-11-15 | | [[Cill Ia]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2041 | [[Íomhá:Joe Duffy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Duffy]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-01-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2042 | [[Íomhá:Joe Gamble Writing.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Gamble]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-14 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2043 | [[Íomhá:Senator Joe McHugh Fine Gael.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Joe McHugh|Seosamh Mac Aodha]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-07-16 | | [[Carraig Airt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2044 | [[Íomhá:Joe O'Reilly Irish Cavan politician head.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-04-01 | | [[Muinchille]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2045 | | [[John Bowman (craoltóir)]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2046 | | [[Seán Ó Conalláin]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-23 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2047 | [[Íomhá:John Curran politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Curran]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-06-17 | | [[Leamhcán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2048 | | [[John Delaney]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-10-16 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2049 | | [[John Donnellan]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937-03-27 | | [[Dún Mór, Contae na Gaillimhe|Dún Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2050 | [[Íomhá:John Gilroy.png|center|128px]] | [[John Gilroy]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-20 | | [[Baile Átha Buí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2051 | [[Íomhá:John Halligan 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Halligan]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-01-18 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2052 | [[Íomhá:John McGuinness 2006.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John J. McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-03-15 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2053 | | [[John Leonard]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-10-20 | | [[Mullach Íde]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2054 | | [[John Mac Menamin (breitheamh)|John Mac Menamin]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-14 | | [[Raghnallach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2055 | | [[Seán Mac Gafraidh (iománaí)|Seán Mac Gafraidh]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2056 | | [[John McCoy]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-07-01 | | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2057 | | [[Seán Ó Maoláin]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01-28 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2058 | [[Íomhá:John Murray broadcaster crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Murray (craoltóir Éireannach)]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2059 | | [[Seán Ó Caoimh]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-15 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2060 | [[Íomhá:John Paul Phelan 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Paul Phelan]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-09-27 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2061 | | [[Seán Tennyson]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-02-06 | | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2062 | | [[John Whelan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-24 | | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2063 | [[Íomhá:Jonathan Glynn (2013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Gloinn]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-07 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2064 | [[Íomhá:Jonathan O'Brien 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jonathan O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-12-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2065 | [[Íomhá:Justin Barrett, 2017 Ard Fheis (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Justin Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-04-13 | | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2066 | [[Íomhá:Kathryn Reilly (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathryn Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-17 | | [[Baile Shéamais Dhuibh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2067 | [[Íomhá:Kathryn Thomas at RTÉ's winter season launch (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathryn Thomas]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-01-20 | | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2068 | [[Íomhá:Katie Holten 2013 Sensing Change from video.png|center|128px]] | [[Katie Holten]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2069 | | [[Caoimhín Ó Cáinte]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[Inis Eonáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2070 | | [[Caoimhín Ó Dubháin]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-10 | | ''[[:d:Q5167663|Cuanach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2071 | | [[Kevin Hartnett]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-06-04 | | [[An Seangharraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2072 | | [[Caoimhín Mac Meanman]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-12-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2073 | | [[Caoimhín Ó Móráin]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-03-03 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2074 | [[Íomhá:Kieran O'Donnell (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kieran O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-08 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2075 | | [[Kieran O'Leary]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-28 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2076 | | [[Killian Young]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-04 | | [[An Rinn Aird]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2077 | [[Íomhá:Laura Whitmore at BAFTA 2026 04.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Laura Whitmore]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-05-04 | | [[Bré]]<br/>[[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2078 | | [[Lee Keegan]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-10-25 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2079 | | [[Leo McLoone]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2080 | [[Íomhá:Leona Maguire 2011 EK Amateur Noordwijk.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Leona Maguire]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-11-30 | | [[An Cabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2081 | | [[Liam Ó Fionnalaigh]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-01-01 | | [[Baile an Phoill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2082 | [[Íomhá:Liam Kearney.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liam Kearney]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-01-10 | | [[Conaithe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2083 | | [[William M. McKechnie (breitheamh)|William M. McKechnie]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-16 | | [[Cionn tSáile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2084 | [[Íomhá:Linda Bhreathnach.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Linda Bhreathnach]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | [[Ros Muc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2085 | | [[Lorcan Allen]] | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-03-27 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2086 | [[Íomhá:Louise Quinn Eskilstuna.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Louise Quinn]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-17 | | [[Baile Coimín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2087 | | [[Lucy Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-21 | | [[Cuas an Ghainimh]]<br/>[[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2088 | | [[M. J. Nolan|M.J. Ó Nualláin]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-01-25 | | [[Muine Bheag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2089 | | [[Macdara Ó Fátharta]] | | | [[Inis Meáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2090 | [[Íomhá:Maeve Higgins.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Maeve Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-03-24 | | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2091 | | [[Majella O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-04-14 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2092 | [[Íomhá:Manus Lunny 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Manus Lunny]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2093 | | [[Margo]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-02-06 | | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2094 | [[Íomhá:Marie-Louise O'Donnell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marie-Louise O'Donnell]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-09-05 | | [[Béal Easa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2095 | | [[Marie Moloney]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-08-26 | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2096 | | [[Marie Mullen]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2097 | | [[Marita Conlon-McKenna]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2098 | | [[Mark Vaughan]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-10-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2099 | [[Íomhá:Martin Conway 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Martin Conway]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-04-08 | | [[Inis Díomáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2100 | [[Íomhá:Martin Ferris TD (6133609624).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Martin Ferris]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-10 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2101 | | [[Martin Gibbons]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-01 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2102 | [[Íomhá:Martin Heydon 2017.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Martin Heydon]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-08-09 | | [[Cill Chuillinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2103 | | [[Martin Neilan]] | | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2104 | | [[Máirtín Ó Raghallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2105 | | [[Máirtín Ó Stoirín]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-28 | | [[An Bealach, Contae Loch Garman|An Bealach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2106 | [[Íomhá:Marty Morrissey perched upon a stool.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marty Morrissey]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-10-28 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2107 | [[Íomhá:Mary Ann O'Brien, 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Ann O'Brien]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-09-08 | | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2108 | | [[Mary Laffoy (breitheamh)|Mary Laffoy]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-06-17 | | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2109 | [[Íomhá:Mary Mitchell O'Connor 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Mitchell O'Connor|Máire Mistéil Ní Chonchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-10 | | [[Baile an Mhuilinn, Contae na Gaillimhe|Baile an Mhuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2110 | | [[Mary Moran]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-06-28 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2111 | | [[Mary Wilson (craoltóir)]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2112 | [[Íomhá:Matt Connor of Offaly — one of the greatest footballers of all time.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maitiú Ó Conchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | | [[Inis na mBreatnach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2113 | [[Íomhá:Mattie McGrath.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mattie McGrath]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-01 | | ''[[:d:Q7017303|An Caisleán Nua]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2114 | | [[Maura Derrane]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-07-08 | | [[Inis Mór, Árainn|Inis Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2115 | [[Íomhá:Maurice Fitzgerald, Semple Stadium Wall of Fame.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Muiris Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Cathair Saidhbhín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2116 | [[Íomhá:Maurice Quinlivan 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maurice Quinlivan]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-11-23 | | [[Baile Uí Neachtain Beag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2117 | | [[Muiris Ó Seanacháin]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-01 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2118 | [[Íomhá:Fight Like Apes - MayKay.jpg|center|128px]] | [[MayKay]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[Cill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2119 | [[Íomhá:Megan Campbell (21384714842).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Megan Campbell]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-28 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2120 | | [[Michael Comiskey]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-10-01 | | [[Cluainín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2121 | [[Íomhá:Michael Creed in 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Creed]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-29 | | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2122 | [[Íomhá:Michael Darragh MacAuley.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Darragh MacAuley]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-08 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2123 | [[Íomhá:Mick Devine.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Devine]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-03-19 | | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2124 | | [[Micheál Ó Fionnalaigh]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-02-28 | | [[Baile Héil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2125 | | [[Micheál Mac Síomóin]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-04-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2126 | [[Íomhá:Michael Healy-Rae 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Healy-Rae]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-01-11 | | [[Cill Gharbháin, Contae Chiarraí|Cill Gharbháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2127 | | [[Michael Hennessy]] | | | [[An Cóbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2128 | | [[Mícheál Caomhánach]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04-06 | | [[Achadh Úr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2129 | | [[Michael McCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-11-15 | | [[Dún Mánmhaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2130 | | [[Michael McGlynn]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-05-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2131 | [[Íomhá:McGrath EC Portrait 2024 (cropped2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael McGrath (Corcaigh Theas-Láir)|Michael McGrath]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-08-23 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2132 | [[Íomhá:1718895518772 20240620 MCNAMARA Michael IE 004.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael McNamara]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-01 | | [[An Scairbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2133 | | [[Michael Meehan]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2134 | | [[Michael Mullins]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-02-22 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2135 | [[Íomhá:Michael Murphy pen vs John Deighan - USFC 08.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Murphy (peileadóir)|Michael Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-08-04 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2136 | [[Íomhá:Michael D'Arcy 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael W. D'Arcy]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-02-26 | | [[Guaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2137 | | [[Mícheál Breathnach (Port Láirge)|Mícheál Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-04-23 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2138 | | [[Michelle Mulherin]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-20 | | [[Béal an Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2139 | [[Íomhá:Michelle O'Neill, Feb 2024 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michelle O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-01-10 | | [[Mainistir Fhear Maí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2140 | [[Íomhá:Member of the European Parliament Michael Wallace.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mick Wallace]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-11-09 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2141 | | [[Mickey Kearns]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-04-18 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2142 | | [[Mike Denver]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-15 | | [[Port Omna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2143 | | [[Mike Frank Russell]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | [[Cill Orglan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2144 | [[Íomhá:Miriam O'Callaghan in chat with Ryan Tubridy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Miriam O'Callaghan]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-01-06 | | [[Carraig an tSionnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2145 | [[Íomhá:Niall Burke cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Níall de Búrca]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-05-21 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2146 | [[Íomhá:Niall Collins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niall Collins]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-03-30 | | [[Tobar Phádraig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2147 | | [[Nioclás Inglis]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-10-20 | | [[Cuilleann, Contae Thiobraid Árann|Cuilleann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2148 | | [[Nollaig Ó Conchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-04-12 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2149 | | [[Nollaig Mac Craith]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-12-17 | | [[Luachma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2150 | | [[Nollaig Ó Muraíle]] | | | [[Cnoc Mhuire, Contae Mhaigh Eo|Cnoc Mhuire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2151 | [[Íomhá:Oliver Callan in chat with Ryan Tubridy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Oliver Callan]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-12-27 | | [[Inis Caoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2152 | | [[Ollie Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-29 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2153 | | [[Orla Guerin]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-05-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2154 | | [[P.S. Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-06-15 | | [[Baile Sheáin, Contae Chill Chainnigh|Baile Sheáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2155 | | [[Pádraig Mac Aindriú]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-07-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2156 | | [[Pádraig Mac Craith]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-02 | | [[Ard an Rátha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2157 | | [[Pádraig de Priondragás]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | | ''[[:d:Q4222952|Clárach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2158 | [[Íomhá:Panti Bliss (20922291612).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rory O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-16 | | [[Baile an Róba]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2159 | | [[Paschal Mooney]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-10-14 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2160 | [[Íomhá:Pat Deering 2016.png|center|128px]] | [[Pat Deering]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-02-02 | | [[Ráth Bhile]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2161 | | [[Pádraig Ó Dónalláin]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-06-19 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2162 | | [[Pat Gilroy]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-11-03 | | [[Marino]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2163 | | [[Pat O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-14 | | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2164 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Horgan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ó hOrgáin]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-05-05 | | [[An Linn Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2165 | | [[Patrick Maher]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-10-12 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2166 | | [[Patrick Norton]] | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2167 | | [[Patrick Nulty]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-11-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2168 | | [[Pádraig Ó Conchubhair]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-02-06 | | ''[[:d:Q7850732|An Tobar]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2169 | [[Íomhá:Patrick O'Donovan - 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-03-21 | | [[An Caisleán Nua, Contae Luimnigh|An Caisleán Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2170 | [[Íomhá:Paudie Coffey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paudie Coffey]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-05-15 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2171 | | [[Paudie O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2172 | | [[Paul Casey]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-10-14 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2173 | | [[Paul (Óg) Connaughton]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-06 | | [[An Creagán, Contae na Gaillimhe|An Creagán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2174 | | [[Paul Griffin]] | | | [[Stigh Lorgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2175 | | [[Paul O'Connor]] | | | [[Neidín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2176 | [[Íomhá:Paul Ryan (hurler).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pól Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2177 | | [[Pádraic Ó Mathúna|Pauric Mahony]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-11 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2178 | [[Íomhá:Peadar Tóibín 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peadar Tóibín]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-06-19 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2179 | [[Íomhá:Peter Fitzpatrick.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Fitzpatrick]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-05-11 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2180 | | [[Pilib Ó Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-01-09 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2181 | | [[Pilib Mac Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2182 | | [[Pádhraic Ó Comáin]] | | | ''[[:d:Q4253241|Leacach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2183 | [[Íomhá:Pádraic Maher(cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraic Maher]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-09 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2184 | | [[Pádraig Ó Baoill]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[An Baile Dubh, Contae Chiarraí (Clann Mhuiris)|An Baile Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2185 | | [[Pádraig Reidy]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2186 | | [[Páidí Ó Lionáird]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-08-17 | | [[Cúil Aodha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2187 | [[Íomhá:Rachel Allen at MAD Symposium.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rachel Allen]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2188 | | [[Raphael Keyes]] | | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2189 | [[Íomhá:Ray Butler.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ray Butler (polaiteoir)|Ray Butler]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-12-30 | | [[Ceanannas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2190 | [[Íomhá:RTE's WINTER SEASON LAUNCH (SMOCK ALLEY THEATRE) REF-107022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ray D'Arcy]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-01 | | [[Cill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2191 | | [[Ray Kennedy (iriseoir)|Ray Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2192 | [[Íomhá:Becky Lynch at Vulture Festival 2024 03 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Becky Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-30 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2193 | [[Íomhá:Regina Doherty, 2017.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Regina Doherty|Ríona Uí Dhochartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-01-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2194 | [[Íomhá:Richie Hogan from TJ Reid, Seán Kelly, Richie Hogan, Walter Walsh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Risteard Ó hÓgáin]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-08-08 | | [[Dún Feart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2195 | | [[Risteárd Cooper]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-02 | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2196 | | [[Rita Ann Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2197 | [[Íomhá:Robert Ballagh 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robert Ballagh]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-09-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2198 | | [[Robert Dowds]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-05-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2199 | | [[Roger Garland]] | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-02 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2200 | | [[Roibeard Ó Maolalaigh]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2201 | | [[Ronan Collins]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-10-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2202 | | [[Rónán Ó Corráin]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-02-26 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2203 | | [[Ross McConnell]] | | | [[Glas Naíon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2204 | | [[Ross O'Carroll]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2205 | | [[Rian Mac Aodh]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-04-11 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2206 | | [[Ryan Ó Dubhuir]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07-23 | | [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2207 | [[Íomhá:Ryan O'Shaughnessy (2) 20180508 EuroVisionary (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ryan O'Shaughnessy]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-09-27 | | [[Na Sceirí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2208 | [[Íomhá:Ryan Tubridy, 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ryan Tubridy]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2209 | [[Íomhá:Róisín O On Stage With Mary Black Her Mother At The Stand For The Truth Event --stand4truth--143406 (29372207157).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Róisín O]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2210 | | [[Rónán Mac Con Iomaire]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-02 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2211 | [[Íomhá:Rónán Mullen - 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rónán Mullen]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-10-13 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2212 | | [[Rónán Ó Flatharta]] | | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2213 | [[Íomhá:Sandra McLellan TD, Cork East (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sandra McLellan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-18 | | [[Eochaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2214 | | [[Seamus Moore]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-06-18 | | [[Callainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2215 | | [[Séamas Ó Muíneacháin]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-10-22 | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2216 | [[Íomhá:Sean Barrett 2014.png|center|128px]] | [[Sean Barrett (eacnamaí)|Sean Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2217 | [[Íomhá:Sean O'Rourke crop.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sean O'Rourke]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Port Laoise]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2218 | | [[Seán Bán Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2219 | | [[Seán Conlan]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2220 | [[Íomhá:Seán Crowe 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Crowe]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-03-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2221 | | [[Seán Ó Curraoin (iománaí)|Seán Ó Curraoin]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-11 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2222 | [[Íomhá:Seán Kyne 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Cadhain (polaiteoir)|Seán Ó Cadhain]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-05-07 | | [[Maigh Cuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2223 | [[Íomhá:Sean-osullivan.png|center|128px]] | [[Seán O'Sullivan]] | | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2224 | [[Íomhá:Sean Sherlock Portrait 2020.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Sherlock]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-12-06 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2225 | [[Íomhá:Seán Ó Fearghaíl 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Fearghaíl]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-04-17 | | [[Droichead Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2226 | | [[Mike Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-20 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2227 | | [[Seán Ó Dulaoích]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-09-26 | | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2228 | | [[Shane Mac Dhuarcáin]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2229 | | [[Shane Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-08-19 | | [[An Gleanntán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2230 | | [[Shane O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-03-01 | | [[Baile an Easpaig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2231 | | [[Shane Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2232 | | [[Sharon Ní Bheoláin]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-02-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2233 | [[Íomhá:Simon Harris at the Special European Council - 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Simon Harris|Síomón Ó hEarchaí]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-10-17 | | [[Na Clocha Liatha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2234 | | [[Siún Nic Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-09-14 | | [[An Fheothanach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2235 | [[Íomhá:Stephanie Roche.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephanie Zambra|Stephanie Roche]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2236 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Cluxton kick out 2012 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stiofán Cluxton]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-12-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2237 | [[Íomhá:Stephen McDonnell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen McDonnell (iománaí)|Stephen McDonnell]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-28 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2238 | | [[Stiofán Ó Cuív]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-04-29 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2239 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Rice (footballer).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Rice]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-10-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2240 | [[Íomhá:Susan Denham 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Susan Denham]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-07 | | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2241 | [[Íomhá:Susan O'Keeffe 2014.png|center|128px]] | [[Susan O'Keeffe]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-09-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2242 | | [[Séadna Ó Móra]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-09 | | [[Droichead Abhann Ó gCearnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2243 | [[Íomhá:Séamus Callanan (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamas Ó Callanáin]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-09-15 | | [[An Drom]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2244 | [[Íomhá:Seamus Healy, Dec 2024 - (54192713966) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Séamus Healy]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-08-09 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2245 | | [[Seán Ó Loirgneáin]] | | | ''[[:d:Q104328324|An Pháirc Gharbh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2246 | | [[Síle Ní Bhraonáin]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2247 | | [[Síle Seoige]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04-13 | | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2248 | [[Íomhá:TJ Reid from TJ Reid, Seán Kelly, Richie Hogan, Walter Walsh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[T. S. Ó Maoildeirg]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-11-16 | | [[Baile Héil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2249 | | [[Tommy Tiernan]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-06-16 | | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2250 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Byrne (2024) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Byrne (An Mhí Thoir)|Thomas Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-06-01 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2251 | | [[Thomas J. Fitzpatrick (Baile Átha Cliath)|Thomas J. Fitzpatrick]] | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-07-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2252 | | [[Thomas Looney]] | | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2253 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Pringle politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Pringle]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-08-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2254 | [[Íomhá:Thomas Ryan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-19 | | [[Tulach an Iarainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2255 | | [[Timmy McCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-09-07 | | [[Caisleán Ó Liatháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2256 | [[Íomhá:Toiréasa Ferris 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Toiréasa Ferris]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-24 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2257 | | [[Tom Barry (T.D., Fine Gael)|Tom Barry]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-10-10 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2258 | | [[Tom Condon]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-11-09 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2259 | | [[Tom Fleming]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-02-20 | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2260 | | [[Tomás Ó Doinn]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-21 | | [[Tuaim Uí Mheára]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2261 | | [[Tommy Griffin]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-04-12 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2262 | [[Íomhá:Tommy Walsh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tomás Breathnach (peileadóir)|Tomás Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-02-26 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2263 | | [[Tomás Mac Eoin]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | | [[An Cheathrú Rua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2264 | | [[Tomás Ó Flatharta]] | | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2265 | | [[Antóin de Brún]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-01 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2266 | | [[Antoine Ó Ceallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-12-15 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2267 | | [[Tónaí Mac Taidhg]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-01 | | [[Cloich na Coillte]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2268 | | [[Tony Mulcahy]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-04-12 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2269 | | [[Treasa Ní Cheannabháin]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Cill Chiaráin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2270 | | [[Trevor Mac Goill]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | [[An Scrín, Contae na Mí|An Scrín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2271 | [[Íomhá:Bishop Trevor Williams.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Trevor Williams (easpag)|Trevor Williams]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2272 | | [[Vincent Woods]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | | [[Contae Liatroma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2273 | [[Íomhá:Walter Walsh (hurler) cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ualtar Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-05-25 | | [[Ros Bearrcon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2274 | | [[Willie O'Dwyer]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-04-04 | | [[Muileann an Bhata]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2275 | | [[Áine Collins]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-09-01 | | [[Bántír]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2276 | | [[Éanna Ní Lamhna]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | [[Baile an Ghearlánaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2277 | | [[Éilís Ní Dhuibhne]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-02-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2278 | [[Íomhá:UnaOHagan-1Web.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Úna O'Hagan]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2279 | [[Íomhá:Helen McEntee in 2026.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Helen McEntee|Eiléana Nic an tSaoi]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-06-08 | | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2280 | | [[Paul Doolin]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-03-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2281 | | [[Kieran Cremin]] | | | [[Cill Airne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2282 | | [[Hector Ó hEochagáin]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-08-17 | | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2283 | | [[Nollaig Ó hÍcí]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-12-12 | | ''[[:d:Q5315564|Dún Iomagáin]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2284 | | [[Noel Harrington]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-12-24 | | [[Baile Chaisleáin Bhéarra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2285 | | [[Gearóid Mac Cuinneagáin]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-08-30 | | ''[[:d:Q17104710|An Tóchar]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2286 | | [[Ronan Hussey]] | | | [[An tSnaidhm]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2287 | [[Íomhá:Terry Cavanagh (developer) picture.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Terry Cavanagh]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Tigh Damhnata]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2288 | | [[Beairtle Ó Conaire]] | | | [[Ros Muc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2289 | [[Íomhá:BiddyJenkinson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Biddy Jenkinson]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2290 | | [[Breandán Delap]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2291 | | [[Brian Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-28 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2292 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Griffin, T.D. Fine Gael (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Griffin]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-03-14 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2293 | | [[Colm Mac Séalaigh]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2294 | [[Íomhá:Davy-fitzgerald-sf.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Daithí Mac Gearailt]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08-02 | | [[Droichead Abhann Ó gCearnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2295 | [[Íomhá:Doimnic Mac Giolla Bhríde.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Doimnic Mac Giolla Bhríde]] | | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2296 | | [[Dymphna Lonergan]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2297 | | [[Dáithí Mac Cárthaigh]] | | | [[Inis Córthaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2298 | | [[Déaglán Collinge]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2299 | | [[Eilís Ní Dheá]] | | | [[An Tulach (An Clár)|An Tulach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2300 | | [[Eoghan Mac Giolla Bhríde]] | | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2301 | | [[Jackie Mac Donncha]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | | [[Cill Chiaráin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2302 | | [[Jimmy O'Brien Moran]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2303 | | [[Liam Mac Amhlaigh]] | | | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2304 | | [[Mairéad Mhic Dhonncha]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | | ''[[:d:Q104310021|Baile Reo]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2305 | | [[Mark Geary]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-01-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2306 | [[Íomhá:Maureen O'Sullivan (official portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maureen O'Sullivan (polaiteoir)|Maureen O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-10 | | [[An Port Thoir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2307 | | [[Micheál Ó Cuaig]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | ''[[:d:Q112619831|Aill na Brón]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2308 | | [[Máirtín Óg Mac Donncha]] | | | [[An Cheathrú Rua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2309 | | [[Mícheál de Barra]] | | | [[Cill Fhionnúrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2310 | | [[Mícheál W. Ó Murchú]] | | | [[Ráth Chormaic]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2311 | | [[Niall Ó Ciosáin]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2312 | [[Íomhá:Nell Ní Chróinín 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nell Ní Chróinín]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2313 | | [[Niall Ó Cárthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-09-01 | | [[Carraig Thuathail]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2314 | | [[Paddy Bushe]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2315 | | [[Peadar Ó hUallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2316 | | [[Paul Seevers]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2317 | | [[Páraic Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | ''[[:d:Q65391591|Carna]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2318 | | [[Pádraig Standún]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | | ''[[:d:Q62035956|Baile Dhabhac]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2319 | | [[Pádraig Ó Cíobháin]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-03-12 | | [[Baile an Fheirtéaraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2320 | | [[Pól Ó Gallchóir]] | | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2321 | | [[Regina Uí Chollatáin]] | | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2322 | | [[Seosamh Ó Cuaig]] | | | ''[[:d:Q112619831|Aill na Brón]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2323 | | [[Seán Ó Curraoin]] | | | [[Bearna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2324 | [[Íomhá:Seán Ó Cuirreáin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Cuirreáin]] | | | [[Gort an Choirce]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2325 | [[Íomhá:Stephen Donnelly 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Stephen Donnelly]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-12-14 | | [[Deilgne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2326 | | [[Séamas Mac Annaidh]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2327 | [[Íomhá:Tony McLoughlin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tony McLoughlin]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-01-19 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2328 | | [[Tomás Ó Neachtain]] | | | ''[[:d:Q104321837|Baile an tSléibhe]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2329 | | [[Torlach Mac Con Midhe]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2330 | | [[Neasa Ní Chinnéide]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Baile an Mhúraigh, Paróiste Mórdhach|Baile an Mhúraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2331 | | [[Seán Ó Conghaile]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-06-14 | | [[Leitir Móir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2332 | [[Íomhá:Michael Colreavy 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Colreavy]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-09-28 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2333 | | [[Neil Ronan]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-09-01 | | [[Bealach Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2334 | [[Íomhá:Paul Flynn cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pól Ó Floinn]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07-08 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2335 | [[Íomhá:Doireann Ní Ghríofa, 2023.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Doireann Ní Ghríofa]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-29 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2336 | [[Íomhá:Tom O'Sullivan (2009).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tom O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-11-15 | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2337 | | [[Keith Hanley]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-08-15 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2338 | | [[Jim Corr (polaiteoir)|Jim Corr]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-01-25 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2339 | | [[Patrick Gallagher]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-01 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2340 | | [[Henry Abbott]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-12-18 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2341 | [[Íomhá:Yvonne Farrell at arcVision 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Yvonne Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | | [[Tulach Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2342 | [[Íomhá:Lorraine Higgins, Feb 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lorraine Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-08-03 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2343 | | [[John Kelly]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-02 | | [[Baile an Tobair, Contae Ros Comáin|Baile an Tobair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2344 | | [[Mary Mooney]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-12-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2345 | | [[Iásón Mac Giollarnáth]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-12-22 | | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2346 | | [[Éamonn Ó Dochartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1990s | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2347 | [[Íomhá:2022-08-21 European Championships 2022 – Men's 800 Metres by Sandro Halank–032.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark English]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-18 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2348 | | [[Séamus Ó hAirtnéada]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-17 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2349 | [[Íomhá:Sean-canney-3.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Canney]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-04-06 | | ''[[:d:Q4882077|Béal Chláir]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2350 | [[Íomhá:Dublin footballer Jonny Cooper at the RDS Arena cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Cúipéir]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2351 | | [[John Kennedy (peileadóir)]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | ''[[:d:Q55437286|Eas Daoi]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2352 | [[Íomhá:Odhranmacniallais cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Odhrán Mac Niallais]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-08-12 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2353 | [[Íomhá:Jack McCaffrey (2013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Mac Gafraidh (peileadóir)|Seán Mac Gafraidh]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-10-19 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2354 | [[Íomhá:Neil Mc Gee Donegal GAA.png|center|128px]] | [[Niall Mac Aoidh]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-11-13 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2355 | | [[Conor McManus]] | | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2356 | [[Íomhá:Brendan McCahey live performance 2014-07-14 20-23.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan McCahey]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | | ''[[:d:Q4319146|Machaire Cluana]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2357 | | [[Séamus de Barra]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-29 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2358 | [[Íomhá:Grace O'Sullivan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Grace O'Sullivan|Grace O’Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-08 | | [[Trá Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2359 | | [[Déin Mac Concharraige]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2360 | | [[Stephen Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-12-20 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2361 | | [[Ailéin Ó Ceadagáin]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-17 | | [[Dúglas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2362 | [[Íomhá:Lynn Boylan (Lynn Ní Bhaoigheallain).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lynn Boylan]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-11-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2363 | [[Íomhá:Damien Cahalane cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Damien Cahalane]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-08-10 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2364 | [[Íomhá:Ruth Coppinger.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruth Coppinger]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-04-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2365 | | [[Áistín Ó Gliasáin]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-27 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2366 | [[Íomhá:Gabrielle McFadden.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gabrielle McFadden]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-04-09 | | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2367 | [[Íomhá:Liadh Ní Riada MLA Oct 2018 (close cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Liadh Ní Riada]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-11-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2368 | [[Íomhá:Roderic O'Gorman.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Roderic O’Gorman]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-12-12 | | [[Mullach Eadrad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2369 | | [[Seán Mac Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2370 | [[Íomhá:Donall o healai 2020 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dónall Ó Héalaí]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2371 | | [[Thomas Nagle]] | | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2372 | | [[Seosamh Ó Cuana]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-17 | | [[An Ballán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2373 | | [[John Fitzgibbon]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-05-06 | | [[An Linn Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2374 | | [[Imelda Henry]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-05 | | [[Contae Shligigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2375 | | [[Paul Brogan]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2376 | | [[Cathal Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-07-21 | | ''[[:d:Q4499047|Mainistir na Croiche]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2377 | | [[Michael Cahill (iománaí)|Mícheál Ó Cathail]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-03 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2378 | [[Íomhá:Johnny Coen (2013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Comdhain]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-03-19 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2379 | | [[Jake Ó Diolúin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2380 | | [[Shay Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2381 | | [[Marc Eilís]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-08-26 | | [[Sráid an Mhuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2382 | | [[Peter Duggan]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | ''[[:d:Q15964429|Cluaine]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2383 | | [[Daithí Mac an Oirchinnigh]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-12-07 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2384 | | [[Lorcán Mac Lochlainn]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-14 | | [[Ceann Toirc]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2385 | [[Íomhá:Paul Murphy (hurler) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pól Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-01-01 | | [[Dún Feart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2386 | | [[Seán Ó Dónaill]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-15 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2387 | [[Íomhá:John O'Dwyer (2014).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó Duibhir]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-09-17 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2388 | [[Íomhá:Luke O'Farrell (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lúcás Ó Fearghaill]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-25 | | [[Mainistir na Corann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2389 | | [[Roibeard Ó Sé]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-20 | | [[Carraig Uí Leighin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2390 | | [[Nioclás Mac Uaid]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-12 | | [[Eifinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2391 | | [[Shane Ó Carthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-09-28 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2392 | [[Íomhá:Hozier Troubadour West Hollywood.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hozier]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-03-17 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2393 | | [[Marc Mac Aodh]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-08-22 | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2394 | | [[James O'Donoghue]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-19 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2395 | | [[Pádraig Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-03-12 | | [[Tulach Ruáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2396 | | [[Pól Ó Mainnín]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2397 | | [[Róisín Elsafty]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | | [[Conamara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2398 | | [[Eímear Noone]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1970s | | [[Cill Chonaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2399 | | [[Killian Burke]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-01-09 | | [[Mainistir na Corann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2400 | | [[Lee Chin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-10-08 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2401 | [[Íomhá:Brian Lawton (hurler).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Ó Lachtnáin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-12-09 | | [[Baile na Martra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2402 | | [[Rónán Ó Meachair]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-11-09 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2403 | [[Íomhá:Sarah Greene at Abbey Theatre Noble Call.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sarah Greene]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-21 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2404 | | [[Peter Charleton]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-27 | | [[Caisleán Cnucha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2405 | | [[Seosamh Ó hOldáin]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-02 | | [[Baile Héil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2406 | [[Íomhá:2022-08-18 European Championships 2022 – Men's 400 Metres Hurdles by Sandro Halank–014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Thomas Barr]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-07-24 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2407 | | [[Christina Noble]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-12-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2408 | | [[Seán Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2409 | [[Íomhá:Paul O'Donovan 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-04-19 | | ''[[:d:Q104297150|An Lisín]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2410 | [[Íomhá:Bregenz- Subsidiarityconference-Gerard P Craughwell-01a.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerard Craughwell]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-22 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2411 | [[Íomhá:Michael Fitzmaurice.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Fitzmaurice]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-09-18 | | [[Glinsce, Contae na Gaillimhe (Béal Átha Mó)|Glinsce]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2412 | | [[Sara Berkeley]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2413 | | [[Hugh McFadden]] | | | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2414 | [[Íomhá:Nóirín O'Sullivan, Dublin, 2023.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nóirín O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-11-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2415 | | [[David Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-12-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2416 | [[Íomhá:20150513 ESC 2015 Molly Sterling 5070.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Molly Sterling]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-03-08 | | [[Pocán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2417 | [[Íomhá:Gavin Duffy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gavin Duffy]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-04-29 | | [[Cill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2418 | | [[Seán Mac Craith]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-07-28 | | [[Luachma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2419 | [[Íomhá:Gavin James Piknik i Parken 2017 (164342).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gavin James]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-07-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2420 | [[Íomhá:Bríd Smith.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bríd Smith]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-09-18 | | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2421 | | [[Áine Ní Ghlinn]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2422 | | [[Lucy O'Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991<br/>1992 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2423 | [[Íomhá:Gerard Barrett at DIFF 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerard Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-07-05 | | [[Áth an tSléibhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2424 | | [[Barra Ó hAonghusa|Barry Hennessy]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-10-14 | | [[Cill Mocheallóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2425 | [[Íomhá:Jacksepticeye by Gage Skidmore.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jacksepticeye]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-02-07 | | [[An Clochán (Contae Uíbh Fhailí)|An Clochán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2426 | | [[Cian Ó Loingsigh|Cian Lynch]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-01-03 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2427 | | [[Daithí Mac Braoin]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-09-20 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2428 | | [[Daithí Ó Riada (Luimneach)|David Reidy]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[An tÁth Leacach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2429 | | [[Déaglán hAnnáin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-11 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2430 | | [[Gréacháin Ó Maolchathaigh]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-06-02 | | [[Cill Mocheallóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2431 | | [[Kim Hayden]] | | | [[An Caisleán Nua, Contae Chill Mhantáin|An Caisleán Nua]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2432 | | [[Nollaig Ní Laoire]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Ráth Chairn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2433 | | [[Páidí Ó Briain]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-05 | | [[Cill Mocheallóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2434 | | [[Pól de Brún]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-09-21 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2435 | | [[Risteard Mac Cárthaigh]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2436 | | [[Séamus Ó hÍcí]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2437 | | [[Séamus Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-04-07 | | [[Garraí Uí Spealáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2438 | | [[Uáin Mac Conmara]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-06-11 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2439 | | [[Patrick Donoghue]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2440 | [[Íomhá:Claire Hanna.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Claire Hanna]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-19 | | [[Conamara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2441 | [[Íomhá:Susan McKenna-Lawlor Suggested That We In Ireland Should Build Our Own Rocket (Inspirefest 2015)---105769 (18976188652) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Susan McKenna-Lawlor]] | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935-03-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2442 | | [[Conchúir Mac Domhnall]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-22 | | [[Guaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2443 | | [[Cormac Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-04-21 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2444 | | [[Seán Mac Beinéid]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-05 | | [[Baile na Sagart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2445 | | [[Stiofán Mac Beinéid]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-10-08 | | [[Baile na Sagart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2446 | | [[Pádraig Ó Corráin|Padraig Ó Corráin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-03-02 | | [[Dún Garbhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2447 | [[Íomhá:Noel Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Noel Rock]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-11-11 | | [[Baile Munna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2448 | | [[Séamus Ó Cinnéide]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-06-26 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2449 | | [[Rónán Ó Loingsigh]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2450 | [[Íomhá:Cathal Mannion (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Ó Mainnín]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-10-22 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2451 | | [[Tomás Ó Muireasa|Tom Morrissey]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-05-29 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2452 | | [[Tadhg de Búrca]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-09-19 | | [[Clais Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2453 | | [[Ré Ó Laighléis]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2454 | [[Íomhá:Gearóid McInerney (2014).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gearóid Mac an Airchinnigh]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-09-24 | | [[Órán Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2455 | [[Íomhá:2019 London Marathon IMG 9029 (32788526567).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sinéad Diver]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-02-17 | | [[Béal an Mhuirthead]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2456 | [[Íomhá:Daithí Burke cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Daithí de Búrca]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-11-16 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2457 | | [[Brían Ó Fiannachta]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-02 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2458 | | [[Seán Ó Caoilte]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-01-10 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2459 | [[Íomhá:Conor Whelan cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conchúir Ó Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-10-31 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2460 | | [[Roibeard Ó Leannáin]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[Droichead Binéid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2461 | [[Íomhá:John Hanbury and Jonjo Farrell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Seán Ó hAnmhuire]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-13 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2462 | [[Íomhá:Jason Flynn (2015).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Iasón Ó Floinn]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-11-16 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2463 | [[Íomhá:Pádraic Mannion(cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraic Ó Mainnín]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-06 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2464 | | [[Louise O'Neill]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-02-24 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2465 | [[Íomhá:Shelly mcnamara 2013.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shelley McNamara]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Lios Dúin Bhearna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2466 | | [[Pádraic Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-12 | | [[Maigh Cuilinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2467 | [[Íomhá:Cllr Cormac Devlin Hi Res.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cormac Devlin]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-08-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2468 | [[Íomhá:Sportsfile (Web Summit) (22554473410) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paddy Cosgrave]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-19 | | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2469 | [[Íomhá:Katie McCabe Republic of Ireland mix zone 2020-03-05 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Katie McCabe]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2470 | | [[Gerard Hogan]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-08-13 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2471 | [[Íomhá:Paul-Photograph-jpg2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Mercier]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2472 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Martin TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Martin]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-30 | | [[Muineachán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2473 | [[Íomhá:Gino Kenny.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gino Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-06-25 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2474 | [[Íomhá:Imelda Munster 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Imelda Munster]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-24 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2475 | [[Íomhá:Michael Harty.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Harty]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-04-07 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2476 | [[Íomhá:Shane Cassells (official portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Shane Cassells]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-03-26 | | [[An Uaimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2477 | [[Íomhá:Kathleen Funchion 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen Funchion]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-22 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2478 | [[Íomhá:Frank O'Rourke.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank O'Rourke]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-06-11 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2479 | [[Íomhá:John Brady 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Brady]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-28 | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2480 | [[Íomhá:John Brassil.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Brassil]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-16 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2481 | [[Íomhá:Maria Bailey TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maria Bailey]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-10 | | [[Deilginis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2482 | [[Íomhá:Colm Brophy 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colm Brophy]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-01-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2483 | [[Íomhá:James Browne politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Browne]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-10-15 | | [[Inis Córthaidh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2484 | [[Íomhá:Declan Breathnach 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Declan Breathnach]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-06-01 | | [[Droichead an Chnoic]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2485 | [[Íomhá:Mary Butler.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mary Butler]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-01-27 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2486 | [[Íomhá:Jackie Cahill.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jackie Cahill]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-08-05 | | [[Dúrlas Éile|Durlas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2487 | [[Íomhá:Pat Buckley 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Buckley]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-07-13 | | [[Mainistir na Corann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2488 | [[Íomhá:Peter Burke 2025 South Boston St. Patrick's Day Breakfast 54397908242 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Peter Burke]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-10-22 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2489 | [[Íomhá:Jack Chambers (polaiteoir).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jack Chambers]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-11-21 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2490 | [[Íomhá:Michael Collins politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Collins (polaiteoir)|Michael Collins]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-07-15 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2491 | [[Íomhá:Pat Casey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pat Casey]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-11 | | [[An Láithreach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2492 | [[Íomhá:Lisa Chambers (official portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lisa Chambers]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-08-24 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2493 | [[Íomhá:John Lahart.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Lahart]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-10-08 | | [[Baile Uí Ruáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2494 | [[Íomhá:James Lawless TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[James Lawless]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-08-19 | | [[Guaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2495 | [[Íomhá:Danny Healy-Rae.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Danny Healy-Rae]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-07-16 | | [[Cill Gharbháin, Contae Chiarraí|Cill Gharbháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2496 | [[Íomhá:Martin Kenny 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Martin Kenny]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-10-01 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2497 | [[Íomhá:Kevin Boxer Moran.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin Moran (polaiteoir)|Kevin Moran]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-12 | | [[Baile Átha Luain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2498 | [[Íomhá:Aindrias Moynihan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aindrias Moynihan]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-10-17 | | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2499 | [[Íomhá:Josepha Madigan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Josepha Madigan]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-05-21 | | [[Carraig an tSionnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2500 | [[Íomhá:Denise Mitchell 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Denise Mitchell]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-11-22 | | [[An Chúlóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2501 | [[Íomhá:Tom Neville 2016.png|center|128px]] | [[Tom Neville (polaiteoir)|Tom Neville]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-09-25 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2502 | [[Íomhá:Margaret Murphy O'Mahony 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Margaret Murphy O'Mahony]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-10-07 | | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2503 | [[Íomhá:Eugene Murphy.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eugene Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-08-26 | | ''[[:d:Q1124843|Mainistir na Búille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2504 | [[Íomhá:Kate O'Connell in 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kate O'Connell]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-03 | | [[Cill Bheagáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2505 | [[Íomhá:Kevin O'Keeffe.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kevin O'Keeffe]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-09 | | [[Mala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2506 | [[Íomhá:Carol Nolan 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Carol Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-05-23 | | [[Baile Mhic Ádaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2507 | [[Íomhá:Jim O'Callaghan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jim O'Callaghan]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-01-05 | | [[Carraig an tSionnaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2508 | [[Íomhá:Louise O'Reilly TD (32890052618) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Louise O'Reilly]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-09-27 | | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2509 | [[Íomhá:Anne Rabbitte.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anne Rabbitte]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-04-11 | | [[Port Omna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2510 | [[Íomhá:Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (polaiteoir)|Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-14 | | ''[[:d:Q17104710|An Tóchar]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2511 | [[Íomhá:Fiona O Loughlin 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fiona O'Loughlin]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-08 | | [[Ráth Iomgháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2512 | [[Íomhá:Niamh Smyth (portrait).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Niamh Smyth]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-04-19 | | [[Muinchille]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2513 | [[Íomhá:Sabina Higgins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sabina Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-07 | | [[Baile an Daighin, Contae Mhaigh Eo|Baile an Daighin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2514 | [[Íomhá:Cian O'Callaghan 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cian O’Callaghan]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-05-10<br/>1979-05-07 | | [[Cill Fhionntain]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2515 | | [[Seán Mac Giobúin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-09-21 | | [[Áth Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2516 | [[Íomhá:Lynn Ruane TD.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lynn Ruane]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-10-20 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2517 | [[Íomhá:Dee Forbes 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dee Forbes]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-02 | | [[Drom Dhá Liag]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2518 | [[Íomhá:Alice-Mary Higgins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alice Mary Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-17 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2519 | | [[Michael Lawson]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | [[Cúil Darach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2520 | [[Íomhá:Fintan Warfield 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fintan Warfield]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-03-16 | | [[Crois Araild]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2521 | [[Íomhá:Tim Lombard.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tim Lombard]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-02-17 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2522 | [[Íomhá:Jennifer Murnane O'Connor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jennifer Murnane-O'Connor]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-05-24 | | [[Contae Cheatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2523 | [[Íomhá:Robbie Gallagher 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Robbie Gallagher]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-19 | | ''[[:d:Q2404974|An Tearmann]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2524 | [[Íomhá:Aidan Davitt.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aidan Davitt]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-13 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2525 | [[Íomhá:Gerry Horkan.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gerry Horkan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-07-22 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2526 | [[Íomhá:Maura Hopkins.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maura Hopkins]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-05-25 | | [[Bealach an Doirín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2527 | [[Íomhá:Senator Laura Harmon - Feb 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Laura Harmon]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-11-26 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2528 | [[Íomhá:Conor cleary.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conor Cleary]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Sráid na Cathrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2529 | [[Íomhá:Gary O'Donovan 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gary O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-12-30 | | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2530 | | [[Aron Ó Seanachair]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | [[Sionainn (baile)|Sionainn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2531 | [[Íomhá:Rose Conway-Walsh (2024) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rose Conway-Walsh]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-10-13 | | [[Béal an Mhuirthead]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2532 | [[Íomhá:Victor Boyhan 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Victor Boyhan]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-04-30 | | [[Dún Laoghaire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2533 | [[Íomhá:Máire Devine 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máire Devine]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-07 | | [[Na Saoirsí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2534 | [[Íomhá:Paul Gavan 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Gavan]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-11-29 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2535 | [[Íomhá:Maria Byrne 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maria Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-11-27 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2536 | [[Íomhá:Lorraine Clifford-Lee.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lorraine Clifford-Lee]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-07-24 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2537 | [[Íomhá:Catherine Ardagh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Catherine Ardagh]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-09-20 | | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2538 | [[Íomhá:Keith Swanick.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Keith Swanick]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-07-12 | | [[An Caisleán Riabhach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2539 | [[Íomhá:Neale Richmond 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Neale Richmond]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-15 | | [[Baile an tSaoir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2540 | [[Íomhá:Colette Kelleher.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Colette Kelleher]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-10-09 | | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2541 | [[Íomhá:Pádraig Ó Céidigh.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pádraig Ó Céidigh]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-02 | | [[Conamara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2542 | | [[Seán de Brún]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | ''[[:d:Q28232598|Baile Uí Aodha, Contae an Chláir]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2543 | [[Íomhá:Anne Maria Waters.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anne Marie Waters]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-08-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2544 | | [[Daithí Ó Riada (An Clár)]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2545 | | [[Diarmaid Ó Broin]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Tobar Phádraig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2546 | | [[James Toher]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[Baile Átha Troim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2547 | [[Íomhá:Paul Daly.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Daly]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-01-19 | | [[Cill Bheagáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2548 | [[Íomhá:John Dolan politician.jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-01-13 | | [[Tiobraid Árann (baile)|Tiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2549 | [[Íomhá:JoanFreemanPetaHousePressPack.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joan Freeman]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-04-02 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2550 | | [[Dónall Mac Cormaic]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-01-28 | | [[Cluain Meala]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2551 | | [[Barra de Nais|Barry Nash]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-31 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2552 | | [[Seán Mac Clochaire]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-08-25 | | [[Dúglas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2553 | | [[Liam de Bluinsín]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Droichead Binéid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2554 | | [[Damien Ó Ciaragáin]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-01-11 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2555 | [[Íomhá:Adrian Tuohy (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Adrian Ó Tuathaigh]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-14 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2556 | | [[Siobhán McSweeney]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-12-27 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2557 | | [[Jamie Barron]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2558 | [[Íomhá:Enda O'Coineen (5).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Enda Ó Coinnín]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-01-01 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2559 | [[Íomhá:Brendan Murray Kyiv 2017.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brendan Murray]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-11-16 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2560 | [[Íomhá:Amybeth McNulty in Anne with an E Publicity Photo 2022 (cropped-J1).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Amybeth McNulty]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-11-07 | | [[Dún na nGall (baile)|Dún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2561 | | [[David Byrne]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2562 | | [[Gearóid Ó hÉigeartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2563 | [[Íomhá:Máirín Ní Dhonnchadha (NUI Galway) XIV International Congress of Celtic Studies Maynooth 2011.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Máirín Ní Dhonnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Contae Phort Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2564 | | [[Lúcás Miach]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-10-29 | | [[Baile Níos]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2565 | | [[Aisling Ní Dhonnchadha]] | | | [[An tAonach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2566 | | [[Rory Keenan]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-06-09 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2567 | | [[Matthew Hussey]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | | [[An Chathair, Contae Thiobraid Árann|An Chathair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2568 | | [[Michael English]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04-23 | | [[Díseart Diarmada]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2569 | | [[Colm Ó Spealáin]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-07-01 | | [[Caisleán Ó Liatháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2570 | | [[Darragh Mac Giobúin]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-04-01 | | [[An Ráth, Contae Chorcaí|An Ráth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2571 | | [[Mícheál Ó Cathaláin]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-06-17 | | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2572 | | [[Seán Mac Erlaine]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-07-30 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2573 | | [[Marc Ó Colmáin]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-12-23 | | [[An Bhlarna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2574 | | [[Déin Ó Brosnacháin]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-06-24 | | [[An Linn Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2575 | | [[Roibeard Ó Floinn]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-11-07 | | [[An Gleanntán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2576 | [[Íomhá:Hayley Nolan Lewes FC Women 2 London City 3 14 02 2021-235 (50944207431) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hayley Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-03-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2577 | | [[Barra Ó Cochláin]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | | [[Baile Gunnair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2578 | | [[Darragh Ó Liatháin]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | [[Dún Garbhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2579 | [[Íomhá:Caitriona Perry.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caitríona Perry]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-15 | | [[Ráth Maonais]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2580 | | [[Mac Shile Ó hAodha]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | [[Cill Díoma]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2581 | | [[Seán Ó Finn]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-01-24 | | [[An Brú]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2582 | | [[Aron Ó Giolláin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Tobar Phádraig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2583 | [[Íomhá:Nicola Coughlan in 2024.png|center|128px]] | [[Nicola Coughlan]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-01-09 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2584 | | [[Conn Ó Ceallacháin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2585 | | [[Eiric na Leamhna]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2586 | [[Íomhá:Mícheál Mac Donncha 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál Mac Donncha]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2587 | [[Íomhá:Aaron Connolly 26072025 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Aaron Connolly]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-28 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2588 | | [[Teresa Mannion]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | ''[[:d:Q20855530|Baile Gall]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2589 | [[Íomhá:DAAWG-SI Sinead Burke Visit (KSC-20221130-PH-CSH01 0043) (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Sinéad Burke]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-09-19 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2590 | | [[Seána Kerslake]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-10-21 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2591 | [[Íomhá:Evanne Ní Chuilinn, Feb 2025 - 54319343593 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Evanne Ní Chuilinn]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-09-05 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2592 | | [[Seán Ó Donnchú]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-01-25 | | [[Inis Cara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2593 | | [[Tadhg Ó Mathúna]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-01-13 | | ''[[:d:Q7020800|Baile Nua Sheandroma]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2594 | | [[Denise McCormack]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2595 | [[Íomhá:David Clifford in action.jpg|center|128px]] | [[David Clifford]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-01-22 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2596 | | [[Níall Ó Scolaí]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-04-19 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2597 | | [[Colm Basquel]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2598 | | [[Evan Mac Cumascaigh]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2599 | [[Íomhá:Tara Flynn.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Tara Flynn]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Contae Chorcaí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2600 | | [[Lúc Ó Scannláin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-06-02 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2601 | | [[Risteard Ó Laocha]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-03-13 | | [[Inis Tíog]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2602 | | [[Máirtín Ó Ceocháin]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-12-09 | | [[Tulach Ruáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2603 | | [[Darren Ó Braonáin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-11-13 | | [[Achadh Úr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2604 | | [[Pádraig Ó Loinn]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12-02 | | [[Inis Tíog]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2605 | | [[Pádraig Ó Duíginn]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-23 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2606 | | [[Catherine Corless]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | [[Tuaim]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2607 | | [[Darach Ó Séaghdha]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-09-05 | | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2608 | | [[Osgur Ó Ciardha]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2609 | [[Íomhá:Harriet Scott (footballer) Lewes FC Women 0 Birmingham City 0 21 08 2022-595 (52303311389).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Harriet Scott]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-10 | | [[Baile Coimín]]<br/>[[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2610 | | [[Georgia Drummy]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-04-18 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2611 | [[Íomhá:Sally Rooney.png|center|128px]] | [[Sally Rooney]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-02-20 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2612 | [[Íomhá:Rhasidat Adeleke at 400m women Final Budapest 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rhasidat Adeleke]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08-29 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2613 | | [[Adrian Breen]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-28 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2614 | | [[Brian Ó hÓgáin (Tiobraid Árann)|Brian Ó hÓgáin]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-07-09 | | [[Lothra]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2615 | | [[Seán Ó Conchúir]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-10-01 | | [[Gleann Maghair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2616 | [[Íomhá:Leanne Kiernan Lewes FC Women 0 West Ham Utd Women 5 pre season 12 08 2018-758 (43300204544) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Leanne Kiernan]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-04-27 | | [[Coill an Chollaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2617 | | [[Risteard Inglis]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | [[Dún Bleisce]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2618 | | [[Séamus Ó Flanagáin]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | ''[[:d:Q4494222|An Fheothanach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2619 | | [[Darragh Ó Donnabháin]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | ''[[:d:Q59726393|Úlla]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2620 | | [[Grace O'Flanagan]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-04-07 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2621 | | [[Yvonne O'Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-01-02 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2622 | | [[Nicola Evans]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-01-17 | | [[Cluain Sceach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2623 | | [[Roisin Upton|Róisín Upton]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-04-01 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2624 | | [[Nicola Daly]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-04-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2625 | | [[Aifric Mac Aodha]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2626 | | [[Caitríona Ní Chléirchín]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Scairbh na gCaorach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2627 | | [[Éanna Ó Muireasa]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Droichead Binéid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2628 | | [[Dónall Ó Muireasa]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-04-20 | | [[Caisleán Uí Chonaill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2629 | | [[Pádraig Ó Riain (iománaí)|Pádraig Ó Riain]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | [[Dún Bleisce]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2630 | | [[Clíodhna Ní Lionáin]] | | | [[Cúil Ghréine]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2631 | | [[Bríd Ní Mhóráin]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | | [[Áth Trasna]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2632 | | [[Claire O'Riordan]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-10-12 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2633 | [[Íomhá:Amber Barrett 20201011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Amber Barrett]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-01-16 | | [[Baile na nGallóglach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2634 | | [[Rory Ó Beagáin]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-04-11 | | [[An Bhoth|Baile an Scotaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2635 | [[Íomhá:Pódio Olímpico (boxe, feminino) (cropped - Harrington).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kellie Harrington (dornálaí)|Kellie Harrington]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-11 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2636 | [[Íomhá:Jane Ni Dhulchaointigh.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Jane Ní Dhulchaointigh]] | | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2637 | | [[Brian Ó hEadhra]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2638 | | [[Niall Déiseach]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q28232598|Baile Uí Aodha, Contae an Chláir]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2639 | | [[Karen Byrne]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-05-30 | | [[Baile Formaid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2640 | | [[Marc Mac Eochaidh]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-09-09 | | [[Cill Síoláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2641 | | [[John Nolan (damhsóir)|John Nolan]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-07-07 | | [[Cill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2642 | | [[Vincent Lambe]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-12-01 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2643 | | [[Máire Treasa Ní Dhubhghaill]] | | | [[Conamara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2644 | | [[Alan Dempsey]] | | | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2645 | | [[Ben Troy]] | | | [[Carraig Mhachaire Rois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2646 | | [[Caitlín Nic Aoidh]] | | | [[Cloch Cheann Fhaola]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2647 | [[Íomhá:Bryan Dobson (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bryan Dobson]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-10 | | [[Dumhach Thrá]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2648 | | [[Seán Tadhg Ó Gairbhí]] | | | [[Ráth Caola]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2649 | [[Íomhá:Ógie Ó Céilleachair.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ógie Ó Céilleachair]] | | | [[An Rinn (Contae Phort Láirge)|An Rinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2650 | | [[Heather Payne]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-26 | | [[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2651 | | [[Fintan McCarthy (rámhaí)|Fintan McCarthy]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-11-23 | | [[An Sciobairín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2652 | [[Íomhá:Dermot Kennedy 7.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Diarmuid Ó Cinnéide|Dermot Kennedy]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-12-13 | | [[Ráth Cúil, Baile Átha Cliath|Ráth Cúil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2653 | | [[Naoise Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2654 | | [[John Farrelly]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-05-16 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2655 | | [[Seán Mac An Ultaigh|Seán Mac an Ultaigh]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-28 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2656 | [[Íomhá:Emma Dabiri, November 2021.png|center|128px]] | [[Emma Dabiri]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-03-25 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2657 | | [[Alice Little]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-05-03 | | [[Cúige Laighean]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2658 | [[Íomhá:Styopa Mkrtchyan, Adam Idah, Benoit Bastien YantsImages - Asatur Yesayants 688 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Adam Idah]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-02-11 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2659 | | [[Seán T. Ó Meallaigh]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-02-15 | | [[Contae Dhún na nGall]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2660 | | [[Ciara Ní É]] | | | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2661 | [[Íomhá:Proinsias Mac a'Bhaird.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-10 | | [[Árainn Mhór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2662 | [[Íomhá:2019-06-29 1st FIG Artistic Gymnastics JWCH Women's Apparatus finals Vault Victory ceremony (Martin Rulsch) 23.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jennifer Gadirova]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-10-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2663 | [[Íomhá:Caoilinn hughes 8315752.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Caoilinn Hughes]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2664 | [[Íomhá:Izzy Atkinson.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Isibeal Atkinson]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-07-17 | | [[An Ros, Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath|An Ros]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2665 | | [[Jessica Ziu]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-06-06 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2666 | | [[Sinéad Ní Uallacháin]] | | | ''[[:d:Q67050365|Baile an Éanaigh]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2667 | [[Íomhá:Troy Parrott 2025.png|center|128px]] | [[Troy Parrott]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-04 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2668 | | [[Emilie Pine]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2669 | | [[Dáirine Ní Mheadhra]] | | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2670 | [[Íomhá:Cathal Berry 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Cathal Berry]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2671 | [[Íomhá:Gavin Bazunu 22112025 (9).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gavin Bazunu]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-20 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2672 | [[Íomhá:EugeneMurtagh1234.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eugene Murtagh]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | | [[Dún an Rí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2673 | [[Íomhá:Paul Mescal at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2025 2 (cropped 2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Mescal]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-02-02 | | [[Maigh Nuad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2674 | [[Íomhá:Mark Ward Sinn Féin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Ward (polaiteoir)]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2675 | [[Íomhá:Louisa harland diff 2021 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Louisa Harland]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-01-31<br/>1994-01-31 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2676 | | [[Caitlín Ní Chualáin]] | | | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2677 | | [[Peadar Ó Riada]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-12 | | [[Cúil Aodha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2678 | | [[Séamus Ó Coileáin (aistritheoir)|Séamus Ó Coileáin]] | | | [[Áth an tSléibhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2679 | [[Íomhá:Hazel Chu 2021 - 1 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hazel Chu]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-11-03 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2680 | [[Íomhá:Maura Higgins, world premier of "Argylle" in London, January 2024 (crop).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Maura Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-11-25<br/>1990-10-25 | | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2681 | | [[Áine Hensey]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2682 | | [[John Beag Ó Flatharta]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | [[Leitir Mealláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2683 | | [[Mícheál de Mórdha]] | | | [[Dún Chaoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2684 | [[Íomhá:Holly Cairns, April 2023 (headshot).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Holly Cairns]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-04 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2685 | [[Íomhá:Ruairí Ó Murchú 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Ruairí Ó Murchú]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-05-03 | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2686 | [[Íomhá:Sorca Clarke 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sorca Clarke]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2687 | [[Íomhá:Violet-Anne Wynne 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Violet-Anne Wynne]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | [[Cill Rois]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2688 | [[Íomhá:Mairéad Farrell 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mairéad Farrell (polaiteoir)|Mairéad Farrell]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-01-06 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2689 | [[Íomhá:Pa Daly 2014.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pa Daly]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2690 | [[Íomhá:Jennifer Carroll MacNeill 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jennifer Carroll MacNeill]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-09-05 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2691 | [[Íomhá:Marc Ó Cathasaigh 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Marc Ó Cathasaigh]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-01-03 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2692 | [[Íomhá:Christopher O'Sullivan 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Christopher O’Sullivan|Christopher O'Sullivan]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-06-02 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2693 | [[Íomhá:Brian Leddin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Leddin]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2694 | [[Íomhá:Malcolm Noonan 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Malcolm Noonan]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-09 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2695 | [[Íomhá:Claire Kerrane 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Claire Kerrane]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-04-24 | | [[Dún Gar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2696 | [[Íomhá:Pauline Tully 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pauline Tully]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 20th century | | [[Cill na Leice]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2697 | [[Íomhá:Patrick Costello 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patrick Costello]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-05-21 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2698 | [[Íomhá:Norma Foley.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Norma Foley]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2699 | [[Íomhá:Verona Murphy at the Sitting of the 34th Dáil on 18 December 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Verona Murphy]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | ''[[:d:Q104271796|An Ghráinseach]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2700 | [[Íomhá:Jennifer Whitmore 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jennifer Whitmore]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-06 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2701 | [[Íomhá:Emer Higgins, 2022.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Emer Higgins]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2702 | [[Íomhá:Joe Flaherty (politician).jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Flaherty (polaiteoir)|Joe Flaherty]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[An Muileann gCearr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2703 | [[Íomhá:Steven Matthews 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Steven Matthews]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2704 | [[Íomhá:Valkyrie, January 2018 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lyra Valkyria]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-10-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2705 | [[Íomhá:Patricia Ryan 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Patricia Ryan (polaiteoir)]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-03 | | [[Baile Briotáis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2706 | [[Íomhá:Duncan Smith 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Duncan Smith (polaiteoir)|Duncan Smith]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-05-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2707 | [[Íomhá:Paul Donnelly 2012.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Paul Donnelly]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2708 | [[Íomhá:Roberto Lopes, Jan 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Pico Lopes]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-06-17 | | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2709 | | [[Tony Holohan]] | | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2710 | [[Íomhá:Michael Ryan ESCAIDE 2019 (49198471961) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mike Ryan]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | [[Sligeach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2711 | | [[Sorcha Richardson]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2712 | [[Íomhá:Orla Comerford at the 2024 Summer Paralympics (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Orla Comerford]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-09-14 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2713 | | [[Nan Tom Teaimín]] | | | [[Conamara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2714 | | [[Máire Ní Chéileachair]] | | | ''[[:d:Q4481305|An Fearann]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2715 | [[Íomhá:Richie Conroy at DIFF 2025.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Richie Conroy]] | | | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2716 | [[Íomhá:John Cummins (Irish politician).jpg|center|128px]] | [[John Cummins]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-06-29 | | [[Port Láirge]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2717 | | [[Lyra (amhránaí)|Lyra]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05-19 | | [[Droichead na Bandan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2718 | | [[Sibéal Davitt]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2719 | [[Íomhá:CMAT, Brooklyn, March 2022 2 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[CMAT]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-02-23 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2720 | [[Íomhá:Jamie Finn Lewes FC Women 0 Birmingham City 0 21 08 2022-717 (52303039536) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jamie Finn]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-04-24 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2721 | | [[Niamh Farrelly]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-04-15 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2722 | | [[Áine Ní Chíobháin]] | | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2723 | | [[Breandán 'ac Gearailt]] | | | [[Baile an Mhúraigh, Paróiste Mórdhach|Baile an Mhúraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2724 | | [[Maud Cotter]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | [[Loch Garman]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2725 | [[Íomhá:Rachael Blackmore on Aione 23 January 2020 at Gowran Park.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rachael Blackmore]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-07-11 | | ''[[:d:Q60555085|Cill Náile]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2726 | [[Íomhá:Saoirse Noonan Durham 2023 (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Saoirse Noonan]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-07-13 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2727 | | [[SON]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-04-21 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2728 | | [[Bernadette Nic an tSaoir]] | | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2729 | [[Íomhá:Éanna Hardwick at TIFF 2025.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Éanna Hardwicke]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-10-21 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2730 | [[Íomhá:Katie McGreal.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Katie McGreal]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2731 | [[Íomhá:Colm Bairéad DIFF Panel 1.png|center|128px]] | [[Colm Bairéad]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2732 | | [[Diarmuid de Faoite]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2733 | | [[Pádraig Ó Macháin]] | | | [[Lios Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2734 | | [[Siún Ní Dhuinn]] | | | [[Dún Dealgan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2735 | | [[Abbie Larkin]] | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-04-27 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2736 | | [[Carol Cronin]] | | | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2737 | | [[Tadhg Ó Dúshláine]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-06-06 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2738 | | [[Séamas Ó hInnéirghe]] | data-sort-value="1918" | 1918 | | ''[[:d:Q104336077|Dumha Thuama]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2739 | | [[Isobel Ní Riain]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2740 | | [[Eoin Ó Catháin]] | | | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2741 | | [[Sorcha O'Raghallaigh]] | | | [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2742 | | [[Simon Ó Faoláin]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2743 | [[Íomhá:Gavan Reilly, 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gavan Reilly]] | | | ''[[:d:Q59721533|Ráth Moliain]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2744 | | [[Joan Mallon]] | | | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2745 | [[Íomhá:Deirdre Brennan poet.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Deirdre Brennan]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2746 | | [[Jazzy (amhránaí)|Jazzy]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-09-19 | | [[Cromghlinn, BÁC|Cromghlinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2747 | | [[Olan Monk]] | | | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2748 | | [[Louisa Ní Éideáin]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Léim an Bhradáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2749 | [[Íomhá:Hugh Mac Giolla Chearra.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hugh Mac Giolla Chearra]] | | | [[Rann na Feirste]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2750 | | [[Dáithí de Mórdha]] | | | [[Dún Chaoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2751 | | [[Paddy Mhéime Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | | ''[[:d:Q81084492|Loch Conaortha]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2752 | | [[Lillis Ó Laoire]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Gort an Choirce]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2753 | | [[Mairéad Ní Fhlatharta]] | | | ''[[:d:Q124513045|Baile an tSléibhe]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2754 | | [[Siuán Ní Mhaonaigh]] | | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2755 | | [[Máire Dinny Wren]] | | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2756 | | [[Niamh Ní Chróinín]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2757 | | [[Aodán Ó Ceallaigh]] | | | [[An Rinn (Contae Phort Láirge)|An Rinn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2758 | | [[Stephen O'Hanlon]] | | | [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2759 | | [[Roibeard Ó Cathasaigh]] | | | [[Lios Póil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2760 | | [[Sam Ó Fearraigh]] | | | [[Gort an Choirce]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2761 | | [[Cormac Mac Gearailt]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2762 | | [[Iarla Ó Muirthile]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2763 | [[Íomhá:Anne Marie McMahon.png|center|128px]] | [[Anne Marie McMahon]] | | | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2764 | | [[Síomha Ní Ruairc]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 20th century | | [[Contae na Gaillimhe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2765 | | [[Johnny Mháirtín Learaí Mac Donnchadha]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | | [[Leitreach Ard]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2766 | | [[John Sheáin Dharach Seoige]] | | | ''[[:d:Q104321603|Ros Muc]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2767 | [[Íomhá:Bambie Thug Eurovision Song Contest 2024 Dress rehearsal Final (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bambie Thug]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-03-06 | | [[Maigh Chromtha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2768 | | [[Maidhc Cheannabháin]] | | | ''[[:d:Q104324152|An tÁth Buí]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2769 | | [[Stiofán Ó Cualáin (amhránaí)|Stiofán Ó Cualáin]] | | | ''[[:d:Q124414504|Baile na Cille]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2770 | | [[Conchubhar Ó Luasa]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | ''[[:d:Q104298344|Screathan na nGabhann]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2771 | | [[Sonaí Choilm Learaí Ó Conghaile]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | | ''[[:d:Q124447379|Cora Bhuí]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2772 | | [[Róisín Chambers]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2773 | | [[Edwina Guckian]] | | | [[Droim ar Snámh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2774 | [[Íomhá:Róisín Seoighe -Cath na ceathrú rua.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Róisín Seoighe]] | | | [[Ros an Mhíl]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2775 | | [[Shauna Bannon]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-10-23 | | [[Tamhlacht]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2776 | | [[Seamas Ó hAoláin]] | | | [[An Baile Dubh, Contae Phort Láirge|An Baile Dubh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2777 | | [[Ciarán Ó hÓgartaigh]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2778 | | [[Tadhg Hickey]] | | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2779 | | [[Síle Denvir]] | | | [[Indreabhán]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2780 | | [[Joni Crone]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2781 | | [[Shane Ó Curraighín]] | | | [[Teileann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2782 | | [[Tara Howley]] | | | [[Cill Fhionnúrach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2783 | | [[Pádraig Rynne]] | | | [[Contae an Chláir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2784 | | [[Marina Ní Dhubháin]] | | | [[An Daingean|Daingean Uí Chúis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2785 | [[Íomhá:Nicholas Carolan-Irish Traditional Music Archive-364-0045-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Nicholas Carolan]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | | [[Droichead Átha]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2786 | | [[Hilary Bowen-Walsh]] | | | [[Baile Easa Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2787 | [[Íomhá:Conor D. McGuinness 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Conor McGuinness (Sinn Féin)|Conor D. McGuinness]] | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2788 | | [[Séaghan Ó Súilleabháin]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | [[Cill Orglan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2789 | [[Íomhá:Albert Dolan 2024.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Albert Dolan]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-12-01 | | [[Gaillimh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2790 | [[Íomhá:Eoin Hayes, Dec 2024 (54195237786) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Eoin Hayes]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-02-18 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2791 | | [[Mike Mac Domhnaill]] | | | ''[[:d:Q104311662|Cluain Cath]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2792 | [[Íomhá:Barry Heneghan, Dec 2024 (54179143031) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Barra Ó hÉanacháin]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2793 | [[Íomhá:Edward Timmins (2024) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Timmins]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2794 | [[Íomhá:Naoise Ó Cearúil, Dec 2024 - 54192792072 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naoise Ó Cearúil]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Contae Chill Dara]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2795 | [[Íomhá:Michael Cahill 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Cahill (polaiteoir as Contae Chiarraí)]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Contae Chiarraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2796 | | [[Tomás Ó Coileáin]] | | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2797 | | [[Doireann Ní Ghlacáin]] | | | [[Cluain Tarbh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2798 | | [[Muireann Ní Chíobháin]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2799 | | [[Cúán de Búrca]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2800 | | [[Marie-Louise Nicholson]] | | | [[Tearmann Feichín]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2801 | | [[John Prendergast]] | | | [[Trá Lí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2802 | | [[Seoirsín Bashford]] | | | [[Contae Mhaigh Eo]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2803 | | [[Seán Collins (amhránaí)|Seán Collins]] | | | [[Domhnach Bat]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2804 | | [[Cormac Ó Beaglaoich]] | | | [[Corca Dhuibhne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2805 | | [[Majella Ní Dhomhnaill]] | | | [[Bré]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2806 | | [[Siobhán Peoples]] | | | [[Inis (baile)|Inis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2807 | | [[Colm Broderick]] | | | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2808 | | [[Izzy Kamikaze]] | | | [[Ceatharlach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2809 | | [[David Dunne]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2810 | | [[Áine de Baróid]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | [[Corcaigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2811 | | [[Colm Ó Cuaig]] | | | ''[[:d:Q112619831|Aill na Brón]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 2812 | | [[Rob Fell]] | | | [[Na Foidhrí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2813 | | [[Labhrás Ó Finneadha]] | | | [[An Spidéal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2814 | | [[Kathleen Loughnane]] | | | [[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2815 | | [[Breda Hegarty]] | | | [[Beanntraí]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2816 | | [[Máirín Uí Chonchubhair]] | | | [[Dún Chaoin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2817 | | [[Seán Ó Maoilchiaráin]] | | | [[Áth an Choite]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2818 | [[Íomhá:Trevor Sargent.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Trevor Sargent]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-07-26 | | [[Cill Dhéagláin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2819 | [[Íomhá:GrahamNorton-byPhilipRomano.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Graham Norton]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-04-04 | | [[Cluain Dolcáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2820 | [[Íomhá:2016-02-01 Rosanna Davison.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Rosanna Davison]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-04-17 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2821 | [[Íomhá:Enya - The Orlando Sentinel (1989) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Enya]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-17 | | [[Gaoth Dobhair]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2822 | [[Íomhá:Primordial Party.San 2016 16.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Alan Averill]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-08-26 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2823 | [[Íomhá:2022 Michael D. Higgins (51988246304) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mícheál D. Ó hUigínn|Mícheál D. Ó hUiginn]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-04-18 | | [[Luimneach]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2824 | [[Íomhá:Enda Kenny (2012) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Enda Kenny|Éanna Ó Coinnigh]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-04-24 | | [[Caisleán an Bharraigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2825 | [[Íomhá:Íte Ní Chionnaith.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Íte Ní Chionnaith]] | | | [[Inse Chór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2826 | [[Íomhá:Rising Voices x Wikimedia Community Ireland Laura Pakenham Content Creator.png|center|128px]] | [[Laura J. Pakenham]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | [[Contae an Longfoirt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2827 | | [[Éadaoin Fitzmaurice]] | | | [[An tInbhear Mór]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2828 | | [[Síomha Hennessy]] | | | [[Ráth Fearnáin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2829 | | [[Róisín O'Donovan]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2830 | | [[Molly Daly]] | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-03-26 | | [[Contae Chill Chainnigh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2831 | | [[Síofra Ní Mhóráin]] | | | [[An Chúlóg]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2832 | [[Íomhá:IMG-20260815-WA0023(1).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Michael Hourigan]] | | | [[Contae Luimnigh]] |} == Misc == {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! íomhá ! nome ! dáta breithe ! dáta báis ! áit bhreithe |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Íomhá:George Berkeley by Jonh Smibert.jpg|center|128px]] | [[George Berkeley]] | data-sort-value="1685" | 1685-03-12 | data-sort-value="1753" | 1753-01-14 | ''[[:d:Q15215556|Dysart Castle]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[Íomhá:Godfried Maes - The beheading of Saint Dymphna.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Naomh Damhnait]] | data-sort-value="700" | 7th century | data-sort-value="700" | 7th century | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1478 | [[Íomhá:Jedward do LA Marathon in Style - Los Angeles 2012 (6851710622).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jedward]] | | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 1673 | [[Íomhá:Dustin.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Dustin Turcaí]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-13 | | [[Baile Átha Cliath]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} {{Cómhaoin|Category:People of Ireland|Muintir na hÉireann}} {{síol-ie}} [[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha| ]] [[Catagóir:Grúpaí eitneacha in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Grúpaí eitneacha i dTuaisceart Éireann]] egs71lzwcb8lrhjh5i8umabomwddwyr 0 23297 1330556 1321944 2026-10-24T15:00:49Z An RíomhGael 72410 Fixed formatting 1330556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Tá '''Heilbhic'''<ref name="Logainm">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/49599|title=Heilbhic/Helvick {{!}} logainm.ie|publisher=[[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]]|access-date=2023-06-22|language=ga|work=[[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (Logainm.ie)}}</ref> suite i n[[Gaeltacht]] [[Contae Phort Láirge|Chontae Phort Láirge]] i ndeisceart na h[[Éire]]ann. == An ceantar == Is deacair anois idirdhealú a dhéanamh idir [[Maoil a’ Chóirne]], [[Heilbhic]] agus [[Baile na nGall (Contae Phort Láirge)|Baile na nGall]] i nGaeltacht Phort Láirge (Gaeltacht na nDéise nó Gaeltacht [[Rinn Ua gCuanach|na Rinne]]) de bharr an fháis atá ag teacht orthu le blianta beaga anuas. Tá siad uile le fáil idir cúig mhíle slí agus seacht míle slí ó [[Dún Garbháin|Dhún Garbháin]]. == Láthair == Is é Heilbhic an ceann is lú de na trí lonnaíocht. Tá sé lonnaithe míle amháin soir ó Bhaile na nGall agus seacht míle slí ó Dhún Garbháin. == Tionsclaíocht == Foinse luachmhar fhostaíochta is ea an calafort iascaireachta beag atá suite i Heilbhic agus an gléasra próiseáil éisc a bhaineann leis:. Tá cónaí ar go leor des na hoibrithe sa cheantar. == An Logainm == Creidítear gur tháinig an logainm 'Heilbhic' as an tSean-Lochlainnis. Ciallaíonn an dara cuid -''vík'' 'cuan' sa Ghaoluinn. Níltear cinnte faoi bhrí an chéad cuid den logainm ach is féidir go bhfuil sé ceangailte leis an Sean-Ioruais ''Helluvík'' (cuan geal) nó b'fhéidir ''Helgavík'' (cuan naofa nó cuan slán).<ref name="Logainm" /> Go traidisiúnta, deineadh galldú ar an logainm go '''Helvick''<nowiki/>' ach de réir An tOrdú Logainmneacha (2011), is é Heilbhic an t-aon leagan oifigiúil mar is ceantar Gaeltachta é.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.coimisineir.ie/userfiles/files/AntOrduLogainmneacha(CeantairGhaeltachta)2011.pdf|teideal=An tOrdú Logainmneacha (Ceantair Gaeltachta) 2011|dátarochtana=2026-02-25}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.coimisineir.ie/logainmneacha?lang=GA|teideal=Logainmneacha{{!}} An Coimisineir Teanga|dátarochtana=2026-02-25}}</ref> == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.deise.ie/home.html deise.ie - Gaeltacht na nDéise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531005843/http://www.deise.ie/home.html |date=2009-05-31 }} * [http://www.waterfordcoco.ie/en/media/helvick.jpg Léarscáil]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Port Láirge}} [[Catagóir:Bailte i gContae Phort Láirge]] [[Catagóir:Gaeltacht na nDéise]] 6w9hyla5264b0ei3osi1u8zn60p9a7j 0 26171 1330577 1330291 2026-10-25T00:00:55Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1330577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')<ref name="Tearma">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref><ref name="Linn1758" /> agus is ball é den ghéineas ''Panthera'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir matánach, ceann agus lapaí móra agus eireaball fada aige, agus fionnadh flannbhuí air le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach den chuid is mó. Rangaítear i naoi bhfospeiceas [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na nOileán Sunda. Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i gCianoirthear na Rúise agus Oirthuaisceart na Síne agus foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia agus in Oirdheisceart na hÁise. Is buaicchreachadóir é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] go príomha, trí luíochán a dhéanamh rompu. Bíonn saol aonarach aige go hiondúil agus bíonn raon baile aige a chosnaíonn sé ar indibhidí den ghnéas céanna. Cuimsíonn raon baile an fhireannaigh raonta go leor baineannach a gcúplálann sé leo. De ghnáth, beireann baineannaigh idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Fágann na coileáin seo raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin nuair a bhíonn siad neamhspleách. Ó bhlianta luatha na fichiú haoise, chuaigh raon dáilte na dtíogar i laghad, agus tá ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad díothaithe go háitiúil in Iarthar agus i Lár na hÁise agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% agus 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir scriosadh agus ilroinnt a ngnáthóige mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], póitseáil ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íobartaigh na coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creiche nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar i ngach tír laistigh dá raon dáilte. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, patróil fhrith-phóitseála agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh conairí fiadhúlra i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}</ref> Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na mórfhánaí carasmatacha is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón gcéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus i gcláracha siamsaíochta eile. Bhí an tíogar le feiceáil go forleathan sa [[miotaseolaíocht|mhiotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raoin stairiúil agus feictear fós i gcultúr ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. == Sanasaíocht == Síolraíonn an focal Seanbhéarla ''tigras'' ón tSeanfhraincis ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', a tógadh ar iasacht ón [[An tSean-Ghréigis|tSean-Ghréigis]] ''tigris'' (τίγρις).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title="τίγρις".|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}</ref> Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón bhfocal [[An Airméinis|Airméinise]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Peirsise]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tígrise]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title="De lingua latina" [On the Latin Language]|journal="XX. Ferarum vocabula" [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur comhainm atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.<ref name=":0" /> == Tacsanomaíocht == Rinne an luibheolaí Sualannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''Systema Naturae'', áit a bhaist sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'' air, mar ba ghnách an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na gcat uile ag an am. Bunaítear an cur síos eolaíoch ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail Conrad Gessner agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].<ref name="Linn1758">{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up "Felis tigris"] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}</ref> Is in 1929 a chuir Reginald Innes Pocock an speiceas sa ghéineas ''Panthera'' faoin ainm déthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Fospeiceas === {{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi bhfospeiceas tíogar reatha ([[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Holaicéineach]]) idir luathbhlianta na 19ú haoise agus na 21ú haoise agus is iad sin na tíogair Bheangál, Mhalaecha, Ind-Síneacha, na Síne Theas, [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúracha]], Chaispeacha, Iávacha, Bhailí agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Shumatracha]].<ref name="MSW3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Wozencraft, W. C.|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 "Species ''Panthera tigris''"] In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA546}}</ref><ref name=Wilting2015/> Ceistíodh bailíocht cuid mhaith de na fospeicis seo sa bhliain 1999 mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin idirdhealú a dhéanamh bunaithe ar dhath agus ar fhad an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamal i mbailiúcháin iarsmalann stair an dúlra, agus b'fhéidir nach ndéanann na heiseamail sin ionadaíocht ar an bpobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an fospeiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna hOileáin Sunda Mór.<ref name="Kitchener1999">Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39</ref> Athdhearbhaíodh an moladh faoin dá fhospeiceas sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus ADN miteacoindreacha (mtADN) gach fospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.<ref name="Wilting2015">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C.}}</ref> In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''felid'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeiceas 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.<ref name="catsg">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}</ref> Léirigh torthaí staidéir seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 shampla ó na sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Tacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref><ref name="Wang2023">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L.}}</ref> Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag na naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. & Luo, S.-J.}}</ref> Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat: "Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar na sonraí, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fhospeiceasach] an speicis seo faoi láthair."<ref>Bunleagan: "Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group."</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}</ref> Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005<ref name=MSW3/> agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.<ref name=catsg/>{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}<ref name=Linn1758/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | Tíogar Bheangál {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}<ref name="Linn1758" /> | | Cuireann pobal an tíogair seo faoi ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.<ref name="Jackson1996">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. & Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title="Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)" (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}</ref> Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu ó thuaidh<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title="Panthera tigris"|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}</ref>, le dath idir ciarbhuí agus cróchdhearg air<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref> agus stríoca atá measartha fada agus caol.<ref name="Mazák2010"/> | |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | † Tíogar Caispeach {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' (Illiger, 1815)}}<ref name="Illiger">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}</ref> | |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile air<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.</ref> agus cnámh cúlphlaice leathan ar chúl an chinn.<ref name=Kitchener1999/> Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.<ref name="Driscoll2009">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J.}}</ref> Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.<ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' (Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name="Temminck">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}</ref> | |Tá cónaí ar an bpobal tíogar seo i gCianoirthear na Rúise, in Oirthuaisceart na Síne agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.<ref name=Temminck/> Athraíonn a chúldath ó [[ócar]]-bhuí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis dó a fhionnadh a chur.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.</ref> Tá an bhlaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.<ref name="Mazák2010">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}</ref> | |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | Tíogar na Síne Theas {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' (Hilzheimer, 1905)}}<ref name=Hilzheimer>{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}</ref> | |Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.<ref name=Jackson1996/> Bhí blaoscanna ag na cúig eiseamláir an chineáil a raibh fiacla carnasacha agus cúlfhiacla níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, logall súile a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le stairr iar-logall súile níos mó; bhí na craicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].<ref name=Hilzheimer/> Tá haplaitíopa mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a chrosphóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.<ref name=catsg/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}</ref> Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar ní fhacthas é go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann<ref name=":3" /> agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.<ref name=Wang2023/> | |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | Tíogar Ind-Síneach {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' (Mazák, 1968)}}<ref name="Mazak1968">{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}</ref> | |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar Leithinis na hInd-Síne.<ref name=Jackson1996/> Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.<ref name=Mazak1968/><ref name="mazak06">{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}</ref> | |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | Tíogar Malaech {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}<ref name="Luo04">{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=PLOS Biology|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}</ref> | |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a [[Seicheamh aigéid núicléasaigh|sheichimh mhionsatailíte]] féin agus iad siúd atá ag an tíogar Ind-Síneach.<ref name=Luo04/> Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisce agus dath agus méid an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.<ref name=mazak06/> Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir pobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeisia]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].<ref name=":3" /> | |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name=catsg/> ! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †Tíogar Iávach {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1844)}}<ref name=Temminck/> | |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon anaithnid seithí a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.<ref name=Temminck/> Bhí tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Sumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.<ref name=mazak06/> Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. <ref name=Seidensticker1999/> | |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | †Tíogar Bailí {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)}}<ref name=Schwarz>{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}</ref> | | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.<ref name=Schwarz/><ref name="der-tiger">{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}</ref> Gné shainiúil de bhlaoscanna an tíogair Bhailí is ea an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le cnámh cúlphlaice an tíogair Iávaigh.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P.}}</ref> Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.<ref name="Seidensticker1999">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}</ref> | |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]] |- style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' (Pocock, 1929)}}<ref name=Pocock1929>{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}</ref> | Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an gcéad eiseamal den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.<ref name=Pocock1929/> Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh<ref name=Jackson1996/> agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le cnámh sróine níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.<ref name=mazak06/> | |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]] |} === Éabhlóid === {{Cladogram|{{clade |label1=''Panthera'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]] |2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]] |label2=&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]] |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar ADN núicléach ó 2016<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}</ref>}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí géiniteacha gur comhspeiceas iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J.}}</ref> Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair athsheichimh atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}</ref> Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''Panthera palaeosinensis'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu gur bonnspeiceas é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.<ref name="Mazák">{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}</ref><ref name="Tseng">{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G.}}</ref> Bhí ''Panthera zdanskyi'' ina chónaí thart ar an am céanna agus san áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.<ref name=Mazák/> Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' le ''P. zdanskyi'' i dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The identity of the "lion", ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh i gContae Lantian na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.<ref name=Mazák/> Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón bPléisticéineach Meánach go dtí an Pléisticéineach Déanach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''Panthera tigris trinilensis'' agus ''P. t. soloensis'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''P. t. acutidens'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón bPléisticéineach déanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus Palawan na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].<ref name="Kitchener2009">Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84</ref> Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón bPléisticéineach Meánach-Déanach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Léiríonn torthaí staidéir fíligeografaíochta go bhfuil comhshinsear ag na tíogair bheo uile, sinsear a mhair idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.<ref name="Luo04" /> Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-Sín agus a leath ar fud na hÁise tar éis na huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> === Hibridí === Is féidir le tíogair crosphórú a dhéanamh le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an leogar toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an tígleon toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.<ref name="Gabryś">{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}</ref> Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar baineann in easnamh sa mhéid is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomhmhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.<ref name="imprinting">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}</ref> Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón mbroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.<ref name="Gabryś" /> [[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|220px|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]] == Cur síos == Tá morfeolaíocht fhéilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leath chomh fada leis an gcuid eile den chorp.<ref name=":8">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}</ref>{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, drúchtchrobh ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha a d'fhéadfadh a bheith suas le 10 cm (3.9 or) ar fad.<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.<ref name=":8" /> Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air, agus méadaíonn a líon de réir mar a théann an tíogar in aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}</ref> Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le logaill súile éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, cnámha sróine fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le moing shaighdeach mhór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus na sróine atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}<ref name=":8" /> Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).<ref name=":8" />{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}} Tá fad ceann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4 agus 2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ngualainn.<ref name="Walker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}</ref> Is iad an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Amúrach na pobail is mó.<ref name=":8" /> Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200 agus 260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100 agus 160 kg (220-350 lb); is iad na tíogair oileánacha na cinn is lú, is cosúil gur de bharr abhcacht oileánach atá sé.<ref name="Kitchener1999" /> Meánn tíogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100 agus 140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75 agus 110 kg (165-243 lb).<ref name=":9">Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34</ref> Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir go bhfuil meánmheáchan an tíogair níos lú ná meánmheáchan an leoin, cé go mbíonn na tíogair is mó níos mó ná na leoin is mó.<ref name="Kitchener2009" /> === Fionnadh === [[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|220px|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]] Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, a d'fhéadfadh a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná ribí an droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.<ref name=":8" /> Tá dath flannbhuí air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}</ref> Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":6">{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99–102.</ref> Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.<ref name=":8" /> Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn patrún faoi leith ag gach tíogar.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7">Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21</ref> Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an gclár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Is ar an droim is mó a fheictear iad agus is féidir leo síneadh síos chomh fada le híochtar an bhoilg. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus is dubh atá barr an eireabaill.<ref name=":6" /> Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}</ref> Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|duaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil patrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainn, giolcaigh agus féir arda.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}</ref> Tacaíonn staidéar a bhain úsáid as anailís Fourier, agus a léirigh go n-aontaíonn patrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht, leis an teoiric seo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}</ref> Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú flannbhuí leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}</ref> ==== Éagsúlacht datha ==== [[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|220px|Tíogar bán bréag-mheilineach]] Níl aon cheann de thrí bhithathraitheach datha an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca séipia<nowiki/>dhonna ar an tíogar bán. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an tíogar órga. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach le lócas bán agus lócas leathanbhanda iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}</ref> Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-ionphórú is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad ísliú ionphóraithe agus caillteanas na hinathraitheachta géinte i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}</ref> Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-mheilineacha le stríoca cónascaithe i bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís géineolaíochta pobail de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin aimínipeiptíodáis thras-scannáin. Tá an ghné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le leithlisiú géiniteach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}</ref> == Dáileadh agus gnáthóg == [[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|220px|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]] Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus na hAfganastáine go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón bPacastáin thuaidh trí fho-ilchríoch na hIndia agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.<ref name=":8" /> Faoin mbliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus Cianoirthear na Rúise.<ref name=":3" /> Faoin mbliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km<sup>2</sup> (116,027 mi<sup>2</sup>) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km<sup>2</sup> (75,606 mi<sup>2</sup>).<ref name=":24">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K.}}</ref> Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.<ref name=":9" /> Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann Tugay agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísealchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&#x20;108–112</ref> I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i bpéine Chóiréach agus i bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha; feidhmíonn foraoisí abhann mar phasáistí scaipthe a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.<ref>Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99</ref> Faightear i bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha, foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha, foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha, tuilemhánna agus sna foraoisí mangróbh sna Sundarbans é go príomha ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.<ref>Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267</ref> In Oirthear na Himiléithe, taifeadadh i bhforaoisí measartha sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna Cnoic Mishmi ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i gContae Mêdog ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).<ref>Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan". ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L.}}</ref> Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach|duillsilteacha]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S.}}</ref> In Sumatra, faightear i bhforaoisí seascainn móna ísealchríche agus i bhforaoisí sléibhe garbha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah}}</ref> === Dlús pobail === Nocht gaistí ceamara le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús pobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 n-indibhid in aghaidh gach 100 km<sup>2</sup> (39 mi<sup>2</sup>) laistigh de limistéar 521 km<sup>2</sup> (201 mi<sup>2</sup>).<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y.}}</ref> I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús pobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km<sup>2</sup> (1,250 mi<sup>2</sup>) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km<sup>2</sup> (39 mi<sup>2</sup>) faoin mbliain 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T.}}</ref> Measadh go bhfuil an dlús pobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 thíogar in aghaidh gach 100 km<sup>2</sup> (39 mi<sup>2</sup>); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla lománaíocht agus póitseáil sna Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong agus Khlong Lan in aice láimhe, áit ar measadh an dlús pobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km<sup>2</sup> (39 mi<sup>2</sup>) faoin mbliain 2016.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T.}}</ref> Measadh an dlús pobail i bhforaoisí dipterocarp agus sléibhe i dtuaisceart na Malaeisia a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 thíogar fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km<sup>2</sup> (39 mi<sup>2</sup>) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km<sup>2</sup> (39 mi<sup>2</sup>) in Anaclann Foraoise Temengor, áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl ar bhonn roghnaitheach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M.}}</ref> == Iompar agus éiceolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|220px|Tíogar ag folcadh]] Léiríonn sonraí gaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus go mbíonn siad níos gníomhaí san oíche ná sa ló.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J.}}</ref> Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a seacht a chlog ar maidin i bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarban. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R.}}</ref> Nocht suirbhé gaistí ceamara a mhair trí bliana i bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta go raibh na tíogair níos gníomhaí ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P.}}</ref> In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hoíche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhí siad gníomhach ag beagnach an t-am céanna lena gcreach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}</ref> Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.<ref name=":7" /> Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh maith le scileanna cat eile de bharr a mhéide, ach dreapann coileáin faoi bhun 16 mhí d'aois crainn go rialta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66</ref> Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ag dreapadh 10 m (33 tr) suas crann pipal mín.<ref name=":8" /> === Scaradh sóisialta === Maireann tíogair fhásta saolta aonaracha laistigh dá raonta baile nó dá ndúichí den chuid is mó, agus braitheann a méid ar fhlúirse a gcreiche, ar na láithreacha tíreolaíocha agus ar ghnéas na hindibhide féin. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile ar thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile fireannaigh raonta roinnt baineannach mar aon.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km<sup>2</sup> (4.1 agus 5.4 mi<sup>2</sup>) ag dhá bhaineannach sna Sundarbans.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. & Howlader, A.}}</ref> D'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe in Anaclann Tíogair Panna ó 53–67 km<sup>2</sup> (20–26 mi<sup>2</sup>) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km<sup>2</sup> (21–23 mi<sup>2</sup>) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km<sup>2</sup> (18–36 mi<sup>2</sup>) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km<sup>2</sup> (32–57 mi<sup>2</sup>) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km<sup>2</sup> (32–38 mi<sup>2</sup>) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km<sup>2</sup> (31–46 mi<sup>2</sup>) le linn shéasúr an mhonsúin.<ref name=":29">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. & Saha, G. K.}}</ref> I dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin, bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km<sup>2</sup> (96–201 mi<sup>2</sup>) ag 14 bhaineannach agus de 847–1,923 km<sup>2</sup> (327–742 mi<sup>2</sup>) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh raonta baile suas le cúig bhaineannach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G.}}</ref> Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí d'aois ag tíogair bhaineanna sa tearmann chéanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. & Goodrich, J. M.}}</ref> {{fráma íomhá|caption=Tíogair Bheangál ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a ndúichí a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop |Image = Tiger spray marking. DavidRaju 1.jpg |bSize = 300 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 30 }}{{CSS image crop |Image = Bijili (A tiger in Ranthambore National Park, 2016) 1.jpg |bSize = 150 |cWidth = 150 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 30 |oLeft = 0 }}|width=150}} Is speiceas é an tíogar a scaipeann i bhfad, suas le 650 km (400 mi), chun pobail tíogair in áiteanna eile a bhaint amach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2013|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819329|pmid=24223132|pages=e77980|volume=8|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|language=en|author=Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. & Ramakrishnan, U.}}</ref> Socraíonn tíogair bhaineanna óga a gcéad raonta baile gar dá máithreacha ach déanann na tíogair fhireanna imirce níos faide amach ná a macasamhail bhaineann.<ref name=":10">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 76.</ref> Scaip ceithre thíogar bhaineanna a raibh coiléir raidió orthu amach idir 0 agus 43.2 km (0.0 agus 26.8 mi) agus 10 dtíogar fhireanna idir 9.5 agus 65.7 km (5.9 agus 40.8 mi) i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan.<ref name=":21">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Role of Dispersal in Structuring the Chitwan Tiger Population|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/124/3-4/article-p165_1.xml|journal=Behaviour|date=1993|issn=0005-7959|pages=165–195|volume=124|issue=3-4|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560|author=Smith, J. L. D.}}</ref> Cónaíonn fo-aosach fireann mar fhánaí i raon baile tíogair fhirinn eile go dtí go mbíonn sé níos sine agus láidir go leor chun dúshlán an fhireannaigh chónaithigh a thabhairt.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 54–55. </ref> Marcálann tíogair a raonta baile trí mhún a spraeáil ar fhásra agus ar chlocha, crúbáil nó cuimilt bholaidh a dhéanamh ar chrainn agus conair a mharcáil le [[faecas]], táil fhaireog tóna agus scrabhanna talúna.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2008|issn=0098-0331|pages=659–671|volume=34|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|language=en|author=Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. & Weibchen, G.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,Panthera tigris|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347289900018|journal=Animal Behaviour|date=1989|pages=1–10|volume=37|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|language=en|author=Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. & Miquelle, D.}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 105.</ref> Ligeann cuimilt bholaidh d'indibhid eolas a fháil amach faoi aitheantas tíogair eile. Is minic a ghlactar seilbh ar raonta baile a fhágtar gan úinéir laistigh de laethanta nó de sheachtainí, go háirithe nuair a fhaigheann an t‑úinéir bás.<ref name=":7" /> Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna níos fulangaí i leith baineannach eile laistigh dá raonta baile ná mar a bhíonn tíogair fhireanna i leith fireannach eile, ós rud é nach mbíonn fireannaigh caoinfhulangach de ghnáth. Réitítear aighnis trí imeaglú seachas trí throid go hiondúil. Mar sin féin, féadfaidh fireannach glacadh le híochtarán ina raon nuair a bhíonn an lámh in uachtar aige, fad nach dtagann an t-íochtarán róghar dó. Baineann na haighnis is fíochmhaire le dhá thíogar fhireanna atá in iomaíocht lena chéile nuair atá baineannach in [[éastras]] sa cheantar.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 85–86.</ref> Bíonn tíogair níos sóisialta timpeall ar chreach nó ag conablach creiche. Roinnfidh tíogar fireann conablach leis na baineannaigh agus na coileáin laistigh dá raon baile uaireanta agus, murab ionann agus leoin fhireanna, ligfidh sé dóibh beathú sula gcríochnaíonn sé féin ag ithe. Mar sin féin, bíonn baineannaigh níos teannasaí nuair a bhuaileann siad le baineannaigh eile ag conablach creiche.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 244–251.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 89.</ref> === Cumarsáid === Le linn teagmhálacha cairdiúla agus chun ceangail shóisialta a neartú, cuimlíonn tíogair a gcoirp in aghaidh a chéile.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 262–263.</ref> Áirítear ar a ngothaí gnúise an "bhagairt chosanta", ina mbíonn an aghaidh rocach, na fiacla nochtaithe, na cluasa tarraingthe siar agus na mic imrisc méadaithe.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 263.</ref><ref name=":8" /> Taispeánann fireannaigh agus baineannaigh araon freagairt flehmen, gotha sainiúil gnúise ina gcuirtear strainc ar na liopaí, nuair a bholann siad marcálacha fuail. Úsáideann fireannaigh an fhreagairt flehmen chun marcálacha a fhágann tíogair bhaineanna atá in éastras a bhrath.<ref name=":8" /> Bogann tíogair a gcuid cluasa chun na spotaí bána atá ar a gcúl a thaispeáint, go háirithe le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha agus idir máithreacha agus coileáin.<ref name=":11">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)|publisher=University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7.|date=2002|location=Chicago|author=Sunquist, M. E. & Sunquist, F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320|journal=Wild Cats of the World|pages=343–372}}</ref> Úsáideann siad a n-eireabaill chomh maith chun a ngiúmar a chur in iúl. Chun croíúlacht a thaispeáint, cuirtear an t‑eireaball ag gobadh aníos agus luascann sé go mall. Nuair a bhíonn tíogar imníoch nó aireach, íslíonn sé a eireaball nó luascann sé ó thaobh go taobh é. Nuair atá sé socair, crochtar an t‑eireaball go híseal.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 29.</ref> De ghnáth bíonn tíogair ciúin, ach tá siad in ann réimse leathan glórtha a dhéanamh.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 256.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 99.</ref> Ligeann siad búir astu chun a láithreacht a chur in iúl do thíogair eile thar achair fhada. Brúitear an fhuaim seo amach trí bhéal oscailte agus é ag dúnadh, agus is féidir í a chloisteáil suas le 3 km (1.9 mi) ar shiúl. Ligeann siad búir astu cúpla uair i ndiaidh a chéile agus freagraíonn tíogair eile ar an mbealach céanna. Ligeann siad búir astu le linn cúplála fosta agus úsáidfidh máthair búir chun glaoch ar a coileáin. Nuair a bhíonn teannas orthu, ligeann tíogair sian astu, fuaim atá cosúil le búir ach atá níos boige agus a dhéantar nuair atá an béal dúnta go páirteach ar a laghad. Is féidir an sian seo a chloisteáil suas le 400 m (1,300 tr) ar shiúl.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 258–261.</ref> Le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha, cloistear drantán, drannach agus siosadh.<ref name=":12">{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 261.</ref> Scaoiltear "búir chasachtach" nó "drannadh casachtach" amach trí bhéal oscailte agus fiacla nochtaithe.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":11" /> I gcúinsí níos cairdiúla, déanann tíogair ''prusten'', fuaim shéimh shrannach ísealmhinicíochta atá cosúil le crónán na gcat beag.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Peters, G. & Tonkin-Leyhausen, B. A.|date=1999|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|pages=129–159|location=|publisher=S2CID 25252052}}</ref> Déanann máithreacha cumarsáid lena gcoileáin trí ghnúsacht, agus freagraíonn na coileáin le meamhlach.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 257–258.</ref> Nuair a bhaintear geit astu, déanann siad fuaim ghearr cosúil le "bhuf". Déanann siad fuaim "pok" mar a bheadh fia ann, ar chúiseanna nach bhfuil soiléir; is minice a chloistear í ag conablaigh chreiche, áfach.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 256–258.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 62.</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh </gallery> === Seilg agus aiste bia === [[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|220px|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí fia sambar in Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]] Is [[feoiliteoir]] agus forchreachadóir é an tíogar. Glactar leis gurb iad [[Líonmhaireacht (éiceolaíocht)|líonmhaireacht]] agus meáchan coirp na speiceas creiche is príomhchritéir do rogha creiche an tíogair, laistigh agus lasmuigh de thearmainn chosanta mar aon.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/104/6/1302/7241439|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2023|issn=0022-2372|pages=1302–1316|volume=104|issue=6|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069|language=en|author=Biswas, S.; Kumar, S.; Bandhopadhyay, M.; Patel, S. K.; Lyngdoh, S.; Pandav, B. & Mondol, S.}}</ref> Is ar [[Crúbach|chrúbaigh]] mhóra agus mheánmhéide is mó a mhaireann siad cosúil le fia sambar, vaipítí Manchúrach, [[fia eanaigh]], [[gár]] agus [[torc allta]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Prey preferences of the tiger Panthera tigris|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2012|issn=0952-8369|pages=221–231|volume=286|issue=3|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|language=en|author=Hayward, M. W.; Jędrzejewski, W. & Jędrzejewska, B.}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12461|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2021|issn=1749-4877|pages=19–32|volume=16|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|language=en|author=Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N.; Intanajitjuy, P.; Inrueang, P. & Prempree, K.|pmid=32627329}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352249622000507|journal=Food Webs|date=2023|pages=e00268|volume=34|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|language=en|author=Variar, A. S.; Anoop, N. R.; Komire, S.; Vinayan, P. A.; Sujin, N. S.; Raj, A. & Prasadan, P. K.}}</ref> Is creachadóir faille é i leith speiceas níos lú cosúil le [[Moncaí|moncaithe]], [[Péacóg|péacóga]] agus éin thalamh-bhunaithe eile, [[Torcán craobhach|torcáin chraobhaigh]] agus éisc.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Tá corrthaifid ar ionsaithe ar [[Eilifint Áiseach|eilifíntí Áiseacha]] agus srónbheannaigh Indiacha fosta.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 & 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf|author=Karanth, K. U.|date=2003}}</ref> Is minice a chreachann tíogair óga na n-ainmhithe sin, áfach, mar go bhfuil siad níos leochailí.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y|author=Karanth, K. U. & Nichols, J. D.|date=1998|accessdate=16 Nollaig 2021}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127044620/http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y |date=27 Samhain 2022 }}</ref> Beathaíonn siad ar bheostoc agus ar mhadraí i ngar do lonnaíochtaí in amanna.<ref name=":8" /> Caitheann tíogair fásra, torthaí agus mianraí ó am go chéile ar mhaithe le snáithín cothaithe agus forlíonadh.<ref name="Perry">{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|publisher=Cassell. ASIN B0007DU2IU|pages=133–134|date=1965|location=Londain}}</ref> Foghlaimíonn tíogair conas creach a dhéanamh óna máithreacha, ach is féidir gur cumas inbheirthe atá sa chreachadh.<ref name=":31">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (Panthera tigris amoyensis) on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320715300987|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=57–64|volume=192|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|language=en|author=Fàbregas, M. C.; Fosgate, G. T. & Koehler, G. M.}}</ref> Maraíonn siad go seachtainiúil go tipiciúil ag brath ar mhéid na gcreach ach caithfidh máithreacha é sin a dhéanamh níos minice.<ref name=":9" /> Seilgeann teaghlaigh le chéile nuair a bhíonn na coileáin sean go leor. <ref name=":22">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 63.</ref> Baineann siad úsáid as a radharc agus a n-éisteacht chun creach a chuardach.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 284–285.</ref> Fanfaidh tíogar ag poll uisce go dtí go dtagann creach thart, go háirithe ar laethanta samhraidh teo.<ref name=":14">{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 288.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 120.</ref> Is creachadóir luíocháin é agus cromann sé lena cheann go híseal, á cheilt san fhásra, nuair a théann sé i dtreo creiche. Malartaíonn sé idir bhogadh ar aghaidh agus fhanacht socair. Is féidir le tíogar dul ina chodladh agus fanacht san áit chéanna chomh fada le lá agus é ag feitheamh ar chreach sula ndéanann sé ionsaí nuair atá a chreach gar dó,<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 119–120, 122.</ref> laistigh de 30 m (98 tr) de ghnáth.<ref name=":9" /> Má fheiceann an chreach é roimhe sin, ní théann an cat sa tóir uirthi a thuilleadh.<ref name=":14" /> Is féidir le tíogar imeacht de ráib ar luas de 56 km/h (35 mph);<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 287.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 23.</ref> ní reathaí fadraon é an tíogar agus géillfidh sé má sháraíonn a chreach é thar achar áirithe.<ref name=":14" /> [[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|220px|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta|tuirc allta]] in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]] Ionsaíonn an tíogar ón gcúl nó ó na taobhanna agus déanann sé iarracht a íobartach a chur dá chothrom. Faigheann sé greim ar a chreach lena ghéaga tosaigh, ag lúbadh agus ag casadh le linn na streachailte chun í a tharraingt síos go talamh. Beireann an tíogar greim ar scornach a íobartaigh go dtí go dtachtar chun báis é.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":15">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 121.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 295.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 24.</ref> Tá fórsa greime meánach ag barr na starrfhiacla de 1234.3 [[niútan]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=2007|pages=573–592|volume=91|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|language=en|author=Christiansen, P.}}</ref> Is féidir leis an tíogar adharca, beanna, starrfhiacla agus crúba a sheachaint le greim scornaí.<ref name=":15" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 295–296.</ref> Is marfóirí solúbtha iad tíogair a bhaineann úsáid as modhanna maraithe eile amhail scornacha a stróiceadh nó muiníl a bhriseadh. Fágtar creach mhór faoi mhíchumas de bharr greim ar chúl na speire a ghearrann an teannán. Is féidir le buille ó na lapaí móra [[Buabhall uisce|buabhaill uisce]] a stiúdadh nó fiú a mblaoscanna a bhriseadh.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 126.</ref> Maraíonn siad creach bheag le greim de dhroim an mhuiníl nó an chinn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 289.</ref><ref name=":9" /> Meastar ráta ratha tíogar i mbun sealgaireachta a bheith chomh híseal le 5% nó chomh hard le 50%. Gortaíonn nó maraíonn creach mhór nó chontúirteach cosúil le gáir, buabhaill agus toirc iad ó am go chéile.<ref name=":9" /> Bogann tíogair a gcreach go háit phríobháideach a bhfuil fásra thart uirthi nach bhfuil níos faide ná 183 m (600 tr) uathu go tipiciúil ach tá taifid de thíogair a bhog a gcreach chomh fada le 549 m (1,801 tr). Tá siad chomh láidir sin gur féidir leo conablach buabhaill uisce a tharraingt ar feadh achair fhada. Tógann siad sos ar feadh tamaill sula n-itheann siad agus is féidir leo oiread agus 50 kg (110 lb) feola a ithe in aon sheisiún amháin ach beathaíonn siad ar chonablach amháin ar feadh cúpla lá, gan ach corrphíosa a fhágáil do bhailitheoirí.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 297–300.</ref> === Iomaitheoirí === [[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|220px|Léaráid ón mbliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]] I gcuid mhór dá raon dáilte, roinneann tíogair a ngnáthóg le liopaird agus le [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]]. De ghnáth, bíonn an lámh in uachtar acu ar an dá chreachadóir sin, cé go mbraitheann sé, i gcás an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh, ar mhéid an phaca. Tá taifid ann d'idirghníomhaíochtaí éagsúla idir na trí chreachadóir seo amhail tóraíocht, goideadh creiche agus marú díreach.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|author=Srivathsa, A.; Ramachandran, V.; Saravanan, P.; Sureshbabu, A.; Ganguly, D. & Ramakrishnan, U.|date=2023}}</ref> Is féidir le pacaí móra an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh tíogair a mharú.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 136.</ref> Maireann tíogair, liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha taobh le chéile mar seilgeann siad creach atá ar mhéideanna difriúla.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger ( Panthera tigris ), leopard ( Panthera pardus ) and dhole ( Cuon alpinus ) in Nagarahole, India|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2000|issn=0952-8369|pages=255–265|volume=250|issue=2|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|language=en|author=Karanth, K. U. & Sunquist, M. E.}}</ref> Fuarthas amach gurbh é 91.5 kg (202 lb) meánmheáchan na gcreach a mharaigh tíogair i bPáirc Náisiúnta Nagarhole, i gcomparáid le 37.6 kg (83 lb) i gcás liopard agus 43.4 kg (96 lb) i gcás madraí fiáine Áiseacha.<ref name="KaranthSunquist1995">{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-animal-ecology_1995-07_64_4/page/439|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K|author=Karanth, K. U. & Sunquist, M. E.|date=1995}}</ref> Nuair a tháinig laghdú ar líon na gcreach i bPáirc Náisiúnta Kui Buri, lean tíogair orthu ag marú na gcreach ba mhó leo agus dhírigh liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha a n-ídiú ar chreacha beaga.<ref name=":13" /> Is féidir le liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha araon a bheith ina gcónaí go rathúil i ngnáthóga tíogair fad a bhíonn a ndóthain bia agus clúdach fásra ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|journal=Ecological Research|date=2010|issn=0912-3814|pages=875–881|volume=25|issue=4|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|language=en|author=Odden, M.; Wegge, P. & Fredriksen, T.}}</ref> Seachas sin, is lú a nochtann an dá speiceas sin in áiteanna a mbíonn iliomad tíogar ann. Ba é téarnamh pobail na dtíogar i bPáirc Náisiúnta Rajaji sna 2000idí ba chúis le laghdú ar dhlús pobail na liopard.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Responses of leopard Panthera pardus to the recovery of a tiger Panthera tigris population: Response of leopard to recovery of tiger|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2011|pages=806–814|volume=48|issue=3|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|language=en|author=Harihar, A.; Pandav, B. & Goyal, S. P.}}</ref> A mhacasamhail a chonacthas i dhá áit eile i lár na hIndia, áit a raibh tionchar diúltach ar mhéid phacaí madraí fiáine Áiseacha ag dlús pobail tíogair.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of Prey availability and Apex predator|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.7380|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=2045-7758|pmc=8093734|pmid=33976847|pages=4774–4785|volume=11|issue=9|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|language=en|author=Habib, B.; Nigam P.; Ghaskadbi P. & Bhandari A.}}</ref> Bhí baint ag rochtain ar chreacha agus easpa tíogair le dáileadh na liopard agus na madraí fiáine Áiseacha in Kui Buri.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320712005149|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2013|pages=68–78|volume=163|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|language=en|author=Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N. & Chutipong, W.}}</ref> I bPáirc Náisiúnta Jigme Dorji, chonacthas gur chuir tíogair fúthu i gcodanna doimhne na bhforaoisí fad a bhí na creachadóirí beaga brúite amach ar a n-imill.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (Panthera tigris) to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320717314337|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2018|pages=119–125|volume=219|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|language=en|author=Thinley, P.; Rajaratnam, R.; Lassoie, J. P.; Morreale, S. J.; Curtis, P. D.; Vernes, K.; Leki Leki; Phuntsho, S.; Dorji, T. & Dorji, P.}}</ref> === Atáirgeadh agus saolré === [[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|220px|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]] Cúplálann an tíogar le linn na bliana ar fad go ginearálta agus idir mí na Samhna agus mí Aibreáin ach go háirithe. Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna in éastras ar feadh trí go sé lá ag an am, ag eatraimh idir trí agus naoi seachtaine.<ref name=":8" /> Cúplálann fireannaigh chónaitheacha leis na baineannaigh ar fad laistigh dá raon baile a léiríonn a ngabhálacht dó trí bhúireadh agus trí mharcáil.<ref name=":16">{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 42</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 145.</ref> Mealltar fireannaigh neamhchónaitheacha níos óige fosta, rud a chothaíonn troideanna ina ndíbríonn an fireannach cónaitheach an forghabhálaí.<ref name=":17">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger Panthera tigris in Rajasthan|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|date=1967|issn=0074-9664|pages=133–147|volume=7|issue=1|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|language=en|author=Sankhala, K. S.}}</ref><ref name=":16" /> Bíonn an fireannach cúramach i dtaobh an bhaineannaigh go dtí go gcuireann sí a gabhálacht cúplála in iúl dó trí í féin a chur i lordóis lena heireaball ar leataobh. Maireann an chúpláil níos lú ná 20 soicind de ghnáth nuair a bheireann an fireannach greim ar bhaic mhuiníl an bhaineannaigh. Nuair a chríochnaíonn siad, tarraingíonn an fireannach siar go gasta mar is féidir go gcasfadh an baineannach agus buille a thabhairt dó.<ref name=":16" /> Féadfaidh péirí tíogar fanacht le chéile suas go ceithre lá agus cúplálfaidh siad scata uaireanta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 148.</ref> Maireann an [[tréimhse iompair]] thart ar thrí mhí nó níos faide.<ref name=":8" /> Beireann tíogar baineann in áit scoite, pé acu i bhfásra dlúth, in uaimh nó faoi fhothain chloiche.<ref name=":18">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 45.</ref> Bíonn líon an áil chomh hard le seacht gcoileán ach is gnáiche dhá nó trí choileán.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" /> Meánn coileáin nua-bheirthe 785–1,610 g (27.7–56.8 oz) agus tá siad dall agus neamhfhorbartha (altramach).<ref name=":18" /> Líonn agus glanann an mháthair a coileáin, beathaíonn sí lena bainne iad agus cosaíonn sí iad go fíochmhar ar aon bhagairtí féideartha.<ref name=":17" /> Osclaíonn coileáin a súile agus iad trí lá go ceithre lá dhéag d'aois agus éiríonn a radharc soiléir tar éis cúpla seachtain eile.<ref name=":18" /> Is féidir leo an phluais a fhágáil tar éis dhá mhí agus tosaíonn siad ag ithe feola thart ar an am chéanna.<ref name=":17" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 50–51.</ref> Ní fhágann an mháthair ina n-aonar iad ach amháin agus í ag seilg agus fiú leis sin, ní théann sí i bhfad.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 50.</ref> Má cheapann sí nach bhfuil an áit sábháilte a thuilleadh, bogann sí a coileáin go ceantar nua, á n-iompar coileán ar choileán le greim ar bhaic an mhuiníl lena béal.<ref name=":19">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 51.</ref> D'uasmhéadaigh tíogar baineann amháin i dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin an t-am a chaith sí lena coileán trí laghdú a dhéanamh ar mhéid a raoin bhaile, creach níos mó a mharú agus filleadh níos tapúla ar an bpluais ná mar a dhéanfadh sí gan choileáin; nuair a thosaigh na coileáin ag ithe feola, thug sí chun na láithreacha maraithe iad, rud a d'optamaigh a gcosaint agus a rochtain ar bhia.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x|journal=Mammal Research|date=2020|issn=2199-2401|pages=245–253|volume=65|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x|language=en|author=Petrunenko, Y. K.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. S.; Mukhacheva, A. S.; Rybin, N. N. & Miquelle, D. G.}}</ref> Sa tearmann chéanna, fuair coileán amháin as 21 bás le linn 8 mbliana monatóireachta agus níor athraigh an bhásmhaireacht pé acu óga fireanna nó baineanna a bhí ann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12147|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2015-07|issn=1749-4877|pages=344–353|volume=10|issue=4|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|language=en|author=Hugh S. Robinson, John M. Goodrich, Dale G. Miquelle, Clayton S. Miller, Ivan V. Seryodkin|pmid=26096683}}</ref> Léirigh monatóireacht tíogair in Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore ráta marthanais thart ar 85% do na 74 coileán fireann agus baineann, agus mhéadaigh an ráta marthanais go 97% d'fhireannaigh agus do bhaineannaigh aon go dhá bhliain d'aois.<ref name=":20">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) population in a semi-arid region of western India|url=https://bmczool.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|journal=BMC Zoology|date=2017|issn=2056-3132|volume=2|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|language=en|author=Sadhu, A.; Jayam, P. P. C.; Qureshi, Q.; Shekhawat, R. S.; Sharma, S. & Jhala, Y. V.}}</ref> Cúiseanna básmhaireachta ab ea creachadóirí, tuilte, tinte, bás na máthar agus loit bháis.<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 51.</ref><ref name=":23">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Temporal Variation in Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) Populations and its Implications for Monitoring|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2009|issn=0022-2372|pages=472–478|volume=90|issue=2|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; McDougal, C.; Smith, J. L. D.; Gurung, B.; Bhatta, S. R.; Kumal, S.; Mahato, B. & Taman, D. B.|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B}}</ref><ref name=":20" />[[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|220px|Tíogar Amúrach baineann lena coileán i Zú Buffalo]] Tá na coileáin in ann a máthair a leanúint tar éis thart ar dhá mhí. Fanann siad i bhfolach san fhásra fós, áfach, nuair a bhíonn sí ag seilg. Cruthaíonn na hóga ceangail le chéile trí shúgradh troda agus cleachtadh stalcaireachta. Forbraíonn ordlathas laistigh den ál agus is é an coileán is mó, fireann de ghnáth, a mbíonn an smacht aige agus a itheann a sháith ag conablach ar dtús.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 61, 66–67.</ref> Thart ar aois a sé mhí a scoitheann na coileáin den chíoch agus a bhíonn níos mó saoirse acu a dtimpeallacht a imscrúdú. Idir ocht agus deich mí, tionlacann siad a máthair san fhiach.<ref name=":22" /> Is féidir le coileáin creach a mharú chomh luath le 11 mhí agus a neamhspleáchas a bhaint amach mar óga idir 18 agus 24 mhí d'aois; baineann fireannaigh a neamhspleáchas amach níos luaithe ná baineannaigh.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 270, 276.</ref><ref name=":20" /> Thosaigh tíogair a raibh coiléir raidió orthu in Chitwan ag fágáil a n-áiteanna breithe ag 19 mí d'aois.<ref name=":21" /> Baineann baineannaigh óga a lánfhástacht ghnéasach amach faoi thrí go ceithre bliana d'aois ach na fireannaigh faoi cheithre go cúig bliana d'aois.<ref name=":8" /> Tá fad glúine an tíogair thart ar 7–10 mbliana.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Generation length for mammals|url=http://natureconservation.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1343|journal=Nature Conservation|date=2013|issn=1314-3301|pages=89–94|volume=5|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|author=Pacifici, M.; Santini, L.; Di Marco, M.; Baisero, D.; Francucci, L.; Grottolo Marasini, G.; Visconti, P. & Rondinini, C.|bibcode=2013NaCon...5...89P}}</ref> Maireann tíogair Bheangál fhiáine idir 12 agus 15 bliana.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Survival strategy–Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|url=https://jad.lu.ac.ir/article-1-314-en.html|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|date=2023|issn=1026-2288|pages=43–54|volume=5|issue=3|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|language=en|author=Majumdar, A.}}</ref> Thug sonraí an Leabhar Graí Tíogar Idirnáisiúnta 1938–2018 le fios gur mhair tíogair ghafa suas le 19 mbliana.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Sex‐specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo‐housed tiger ( Panthera tigris ): The importance of sub‐species for conservation|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21610|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2021-07|issn=0733-3188|pages=320–329|volume=40|issue=4|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|language=en|author=Tidière, M.; Müller, P.; Sliwa, A.; Siberchicot, A. & Douay, G.|pmid=33861886}}</ref> Níl ról ag an athair i dtógáil a áil ach buaileann sé leo agus déanann sé caidreamh leo. Tugann an fireannach cónaitheach cuairt ar na teaghlaigh bhaineannach-coileán laistigh dá raon baile. Buaileann siad le chéile agus roinneann siad conablaigh fiú.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 59, 89.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 55–56.</ref> Taifeadadh fireannach amháin a thug aire do choileáin ar cailleadh a máthair.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|teideal=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|údar=Pandey, G.|dáta=2011|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|dátarochtana=14 Feabhra 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|archivedate=8 Aibreán 2024}}</ref> Cosaíonn an fireannach na baineannaigh agus na coileáin ar fhireannaigh eile agus é ag cosaint a raoin bhaile.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 59.</ref> Nuair a ghlacann fireannach nua seilbh ar raon baile, bíonn coileáin spleácha i mbaol an naímharaithe agus an fireannach ag iarraidh a óga féin a ghineadh leis na baineannaigh.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 66.</ref> Nocht staidéar seacht mbliana i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan gur mharaigh fireannaigh nua a ghabh seilbh ar raonta baile 12 as 56 coileán agus óga a raibh taifead orthu.<ref name=":23" /> === Sláinte agus galair === Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh do sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''Diphyllobothrium erinacei'', ''Taenia pisiformis'' san India agus speicis ''Toxocara'' san India agus speicis ''Physaloptera preputialis'', ''Dirofilaria ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.<ref name=":8" /> Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D.}}</ref> Is dóichí gurbh ionfhabhtú morbillivíris ba chúis le bás tíogair bhaininn i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an bpainleocaipéine fhéilíneach agus ar an gcoróinvíreas féilíneach aici.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G.}}</ref> Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 thíogar fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh conpharvaivíris-2, heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh, córóinvíris fhéilínigh, leiptispioróise agus ''Toxoplasma gondii''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E.}}</ref> == Bagairtí == Liostaítear an tíogar mar ainmhí [[Speiceas i mbaol|i mbaol]] ar Liosta Dearg an AICD ón mbliain 1986 agus ceaptar gur laghdaigh pobal domhanda an tíogair go leanúnach ó phobal measta 5,000–8,262 thíogar sna 1990idí déanacha go 3,726–5,578 n-indibhid mheasta sa bhliain 2022.<ref name=":3" /> I rith na mblianta 2001–2020, laghdaigh achar na dtírdhreach ina gcónaíonn tíogair ó 1,025,488 km<sup>2</sup> (395,943 mi<sup>2</sup>) go 911,901 km<sup>2</sup> (352,087 mi<sup>2</sup>).<ref name=":24" /> Is iad scriosadh gnáthóige, ilroinnt gnáthóige agus póitseáil ar son a bhfionnaidh agus a gcodanna coirp na príomhbhagairtí a chuireann le laghdú na bpobal tíogar i ngach tír dá raon.<ref name=":3" /> Tá láithreacha cosanta i lár na hIndia scartha go mór ó chéile mar gheall ar infreastruchtúr líneach cosúil le bóithre, iarnróid, línte tharchuir, cainéil [[Uisciú|uiscithe]] agus gníomhaíochtaí [[Mianadóireacht|mianadóireachta]] ina ndúiche.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human‐dominated tiger‐conservation landscape|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.13909|journal=Conservation Biology|date=2022|issn=0888-8892|pmc=9545158|pmid=35288989|volume=36|issue=4|doi=10.1111/cobi.13909|language=en|author=Schoen, J. M.; Neelakantan, A.; Cushman, S. A.; Dutta, T.; Habib, B.; Jhala, Y. V.; Mondal, I.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reddy, P. A.; Saini, S. & Sharma, S.|bibcode=2022ConBi..36E3909S}}</ref> I Réigiún Tanintharyi i ndeisceart Mhaenmar, is iad [[dífhoraoisiú]] chomh maith le gníomhaíochtaí mianadóireachta agus brú sealgaireachta ard a bhagraíonn an pobal tíogair.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Surveys in southern Myanmar indicate global importance for tigers and biodiversity|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001393/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2017|issn=0030-6053|pages=13–13|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001393|language=en|author=Aung, S. S.; Shwe, N. M.; Frechette, J.; Grindley, M. & Connette, G.|bibcode=2017Oryx...51...13A}}</ref> Tá naoi gcinn de na 15 thearmann chosanta a bhfuil tíogair iontu iargúlta agus scartha ó chéile sa Téalainn, fíric a fhágann go bhfuil dóchúlacht scaipthe íseal eatarthu; níl tíogair le fáil i gceithre cinn acu seo ó thart ar an mbliain 2013.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Habitat connectivity for endangered Indochinese tigers in Thailand|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989421002687|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2021|pages=e01718|volume=29|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01718|language=en|author=Suttidate, N.; Steinmetz, R.; Lynam, A. J.; Sukmasuang, R.; Ngoprasert, D.; Chutipong, W.; Bateman, B. L.; Jenks, K. E.; Baker-Whatton, M.; Kitamura, S. & Ziółkowska, E.|bibcode=2021GEcoC..2901718S}}</ref> Glanadh 8,315.7 km<sup>2</sup> (3,210.7 mi<sup>2</sup>) de ghnáthóg tíogair idir 1988 agus 2012, an chuid is mó de ar mhaithe le plandálacha tionsclaíocha, sa Mhalaeisia leithinse.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Expansion of Industrial Plantations Continues to Threaten Malayan Tiger Habitat|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/7/747|journal=Remote Sensing|date=2017|issn=2072-4292|pages=747|volume=9|issue=7|doi=10.3390/rs9070747|language=en|author=Shevade, V. S.; Potapov, P. V.; Harris, N. L. & Loboda, T. V.|bibcode=2017RemS....9..747S}}</ref> Chuir fáil seilbhe ar thalamh ar an mórchóir de thart ar 23,000 km<sup>2</sup> (8,900 mi<sup>2</sup>) ar mhaithe le [[talmhaíocht]] thráchtála agus baint adhmaid sa Chambóid go mór le hilroinnt gnáthóige féideartha tíogair sna hOirmhachairí ach go háirithe.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Future governance options for large-scale land acquisition in Cambodia: Impacts on tree cover and tiger landscapes|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1462901118306300|journal=Environmental Science & Policy|date=2019|pages=9–19|volume=94|doi=10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.031|language=en|author=Debonne, N.; van Vliet, J. & Verburg, P.|bibcode=2019ESPol..94....9D}}</ref> Is bagairt é an t-ísliú ionphóraithe mar aon le scriosadh gnáthóige, easpa acmhainní creiche agus póitseáil do phobal tíogair beag iargúlta i Sléibhte Changbai feadh na teorann Síne–Rúise.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Addressing the impact of canine distemper spreading on an isolated tiger population in northeast Asia|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12712|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2023|issn=1749-4877|pages=994–1008|volume=18|issue=6|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12712|language=en|author=Wang, D.; Smith, J. L.; Accatino, F.; Ge, J. & Wang, T.|pmid=36881515}}</ref> Ba sprioc d'fheachtas 'frith-lotnaide' ar an mórchóir iad tíogair sa tSín sna 1950idí luatha, áit a raibh gnáthóga cuí scartha ó chéile tar éis dífhoraoisithe agus athlonnaithe daoine a sheilg tíogair agus speicis chreiche mar aon go ceantair faoin tuath. Cé gur cuireadh cosc ar sheilg tíogair sa bhliain 1977, níor stop laghdú an phobail agus glactar leis gur díothaithe i ndeisceart na Síne atá an tíogar ón mbliain 2001.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers Panthera tigris amoyensis : field survey of priority tiger reserves|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605304000079/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2004|issn=0030-6053|pages=40–47|volume=38|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605304000079|language=en|author=Tilson, R.; Defu, H.; Muntifering, J. & Nyhus, P. J.|bibcode=2004Oryx...38...40T}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris ssp. amoyensis|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15965/5334628|date=2008|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2008.rlts.t15965a5334628.en|language=en|author=Nyhus, P.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|volume=2008|issue=e.T15965A5334628}}</ref> [[Íomhá:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_jager_poseert_bij_de_huid_van_een_geschoten_tijger_bij_Kalitapakdoewoer_TMnr_10024166.jpg|alt=Tiger rug displayed on wall behind a man with a gun|mion|220px|Seithe tíogair Iávaigh, 1915]] Is iad pobail tíogair na hIndia sprioc na bpóitseálaithe ó na 1990idí agus scriosadh na pobail i dhá thearmann tíogair sna blianta 2005 agus 2009.<ref name=":27">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recovery of tigers in India: Critical introspection and potential lessons|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pan3.10177|journal=People and Nature|date=2021|issn=2575-8314|pages=281–293|volume=3|issue=2|doi=10.1002/pan3.10177|language=en|author=Jhala, Y.; Gopal, R.; Mathur, V.; Ghosh, P.; Negi, H. S.; Narain, S.; Yadav, S. P.; Malik, A.; Garawad, R. & Qureshi, Q.|bibcode=2021PeoNa...3..281J}}</ref> Braitheadh 630 gníomhaíocht ag sealgairí a d'úsáid súile ribe, sruthlíonta, ardáin sheilge agus madraí seilge i dtearmann foraoise 1000 km<sup>2</sup> (390 mi<sup>2</sup>) i ndeisceart na Malaeisia idir mí an Mhárta 2017 agus mí Eanáir 2020.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Anthropogenic pressure on large carnivores and their prey in the highly threatened forests of Tanintharyi, southern Myanmar|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605321001654/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2023|issn=0030-6053|pages=262–271|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.1017/S0030605321001654|language=en|author=Shwe, N. M.; Grainger, M.; Ngoprasert, D.; Aung, S. S.; Grindley, M. & Savini, T.}}</ref> Ceapadh gurbh í Páirc Náisiúnta Nam Et-Phou Louey an áit thábhachtach dheireanach don tíogar i Laos ach níl taifead de ann ón mbliain 2013 ar a laghad; is cosúil gur íobartach na súile ribe neamhshrianta é an pobal seo.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Documenting the demise of tiger and leopard, and the status of other carnivores and prey, in Lao PDR's most prized protected area: Nam Et - Phou Louey|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989419302392|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2019|pages=e00766|volume=20|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00766|language=en|author=Rasphone, A.; Kéry, M.; Kamler, J. F. & Macdonald, D. W.|bibcode=2019GEcoC..2000766R}}</ref> Bhain aonaid fhrithphóitseála i dtírdhreach Kerinci Seblat Shumatra 362 shúil ribe tíogair agus ghabh siad 91 sheithe tíogair le linn 2005–2016; mhéadaigh rátaí bliantúla póitseála de réir mar a d'ardaigh praghas na seithe.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Asia's economic growth and its impact on Indonesia's tigers|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320717314581|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2018|pages=105–109|volume=219|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.011|language=en|author=Linkie, M.; Martyr, D.; Harihar, A.; Mardiah, S.; Hodgetts, T.; Risdianto, D.; Subchaan, M. & Macdonald, D.|bibcode=2018BCons.219..105L}}</ref> Is í an phóitseáil an bhagairt is mó atá roimh an bpobal tíogair sa Rúis chianoirthearach, áit a n-éascaíonn bóithre lománaíochta rochtain do phóitseálaithe agus daoine atá ag baint táirgí atá tábhachtach chun go mbeidh speicis chreiche in ann maireachtáil tríd an ngeimhreadh.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Anthropogenic influences on the distribution of a Vulnerable coniferous forest specialist: habitat selection by the Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001617/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2019|issn=0030-6053|pages=174–180|volume=53|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001617|language=en|author=Slaght, J. C.; Milakovsky, B.; Maksimova, D. A.; Zaitsev, V. A.; Seryodkin, I.; Panichev, A. & Miquelle, D.}}</ref> Braitheadh codanna coirp 207 dtíogar i 21 shuirbhé idir 1991 agus 2014 i dhá mhargadh fiadhúlra i Maenmar a fhreastalaíonn ar chustaiméirí sa Téalainn agus sa tSín.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trade in tigers and other wild cats in Mong La and Tachilek, Myanmar – A tale of two border towns|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714004121|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=1–7|volume=182|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.031|language=en|author=Nijman, V. & Shepherd, C. R.|bibcode=2015BCons.182....1N}}</ref> Idir 2000 agus 2022, coigistíodh ar a laghad 3,377 dtíogar in 2,205 ghabháil in 28 dtír; 665 thíogar bheo agus 654 indibhid mharbha, 1,313 sheithe iomlána, 16,214 chuid coirp cosúil le cnámha, fiacla, lapaí, crúba, guairí agus 1.1 t (1.1 tonnaí fada; 1.2 tonnaí gearra) feola a bhí sna gabhálacha; chuimsigh 759 ngabháil san India codanna coirp 893 thíogar; agus bhain 403 ghabháil sa Téalainn le tíogair a phóraíodh i ngéibheann go príomha.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/19714/skin_and_bones_tiger_trafficking_analysis_from_january_2000_to_june_2022_r7.pdf|title=Skin and Bones: Tiger Trafficking Analysis from January 2000 – June 2022|author=Wong, R. & Krishnasamy, K.|date=2022|publisher=Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office|access-date=1 Márta 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117215040/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/19714/skin_and_bones_tiger_trafficking_analysis_from_january_2000_to_june_2022_r7.pdf|archive-date=17 Eanáir 2024}}</ref> Chuimsigh gabhálacha idir Eanáir 2020 agus Meitheamh 2025 573 thíogar i measc 765 eachtra gabhála, ina measc sin 313 thíogar san India agus 127 dtíogar san Indinéis.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/29537/full_report_skin_and_bones_2025_v6_highres.pdf|title=Beyond Skin and Bones: A 25-Year Analysis of Tiger Seizures from 2000 to June 2025. (Tuairisc)|author=Wong, R. & Krishnasamy, K.|date=2025|publisher=Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC|access-date=11 Feabhra 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260317011016/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/29537/full_report_skin_and_bones_2025_v6_highres.pdf|archive-date=17 Márta 2026}}</ref> Fuarthas 585 chuid coirp tíogair agus dhá chonablach iomlána i ngabhálacha in 19 gceantar sa Neipeal idir Eanáir 2011 agus Nollaig 2015.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trends, patterns, and networks of illicit wildlife trade in Nepal: A national synthesis|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.247|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2020|issn=2578-4854|volume=2|issue=9|doi=10.1111/csp2.247|language=en|author=Paudel, P. K.; Acharya, K. P.; Baral, H. S.; Heinen, J. T. & Jnawali, S. R.|bibcode=2020ConSP...2E.247P}}</ref> Léiríonn sonraí gabhála ón India gurb iad seithí na dtíogar an chuid coirp is mó a ndéantar trádáil uirthi, á leanúint ag crúba, cnámha agus fiacla le linn 2001–2021; chuaigh na bealaí gáinneála trí na stáit Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu agus Assam.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The tide of tiger poaching in India is rising! An investigation of the intertwined facts with a focus on conservation|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4|journal=GeoJournal|date=2022|issn=1572-9893|pmc=9005341|pmid=35431409|pages=753–766|volume=88|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4|language=en|author=Nittu, G.; Shameer, T. T.; Nishanthini, N. K. & Sanil, R.|bibcode=2023GeoJo..88..753N}}</ref> Coigistíodh 292 chuid tíogair mhídhleathacha ag poirt iontrála SAM ó bhagáiste pearsanta, aerlasta agus phost idir 2003 agus 2012.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Patterns of illegal and legal tiger parts entering the United States over a decade (2003–2012)|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.622|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2022|issn=2578-4854|volume=4|issue=3|doi=10.1111/csp2.622|language=en|author=Khanwilkar, S.; Sosnowski, M. & Guynup, S.|bibcode=2022ConSP...4E.622K}}</ref> Tá tóir mhór ar chodanna tíogair le haghaidh an leighis thraidisiúnta Shínigh, rud atá ina bhagairt ollmhór do phobail na dtíogar.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Van Uhm, D. P.|date=2016|title=The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime)|pages=lgh. 224–226|publisher=Springer|location=New York}}</ref> Nocht agallaimh le muintir na háite i Sundarbans na Banglaidéise go maraíonn siad tíogair le haghaidh ithe áitiúil agus trádáil na seithí, na gcnámh agus na feola mar dhíoltas as ionsaí agus le haghaidh sceitimíní.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Who is killing the tiger Panthera tigris and why?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316000491/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2018|issn=0030-6053|pages=46–54|volume=52|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316000491|language=en|author=Saif, S.; Rahman, H. T. & MacMillan, D. C.}}</ref> Úsáideann Banglaidéisigh shaibhre codanna coirp tíogair cosúil le seithí, cnámha, fiacla agus fionnadh go háitiúil agus gáinneáiltear go mídhleathach ón mBanglaidéis go 15 thír ar nós na hIndia, na Síne, na Malaeisia, na Cóiré, Vítneam, na Cambóide, na Seapáine agus na Ríochta Aontaithe trí theorainneacha talún, aerfoirt agus calafoirt.<ref name=":25">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tigers at a crossroads: Shedding light on the role of Bangladesh in the illegal trade of this iconic big cat|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.12952|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2023|issn=2578-4854|volume=5|issue=7|doi=10.1111/csp2.12952|language=en|author=Uddin, N.; Enoch, S.; Harihar, A.; Pickles, R. S. & Hughes, A. C.|bibcode=2023ConSP...5E2952U}}</ref> Gliú cnáimhe tíogair is ea an táirge tíogair is mó ceannaithe le haghaidh feidhmeanna leighis i [[Hanáí]] agus i [[Cathair Ho Chi Minh|gCathair Ho Chi Minh]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An updated analysis of the consumption of tiger products in urban Vietnam|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989419307449|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2020|pages=e00960|volume=22|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00960|language=en|author=Davis, E. O.; Willemsen, M.; Dang, V.; O'Connor, D. & Glikman, J. A.|bibcode=2020GEcoC..2200960D}}</ref> Póraíonn áiseanna "feirm thíogair" sa tSín agus in oirdheisceart na hÁise tíogair le haghaidh a gcodanna coirp ach is cosúil go méadaíonn siad an bhagairt do phobail fhiáine sa mhéid is go méadaíonn siad an t-éileamh atá ar tháirgí tíogair.<ref name=":34">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/news/stories/5-things-tiger-king-doesnt-explain-about-captive-tigers/|teideal=Captive Tigers Aren’t Conservation|údar=Henry, L.|dáta=2020|language=en-us|work=World Wildlife Fund|dátarochtana=19 Feabhra 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220001943/https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/5-things-tiger-king-doesn-t-explain-about-captive-tigers|archivedate=20 Feabhra 2024}}</ref> Bagairt eile i roinnt tíortha laistigh de raon an tíogair ná go maraíonn daoine áitiúla tíogair mar dhíoltas as ionsaí agus beathú ar bheostoc, mar sin cuireann an toradh seo den choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra le hísliú an phobail fosta.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Characterizing human–tiger conflict in and around Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, western India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2015|issn=1612-4642|pages=255–261|volume=61|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z|language=en|author=Singh, R.; Nigam, P.; Qureshi, Q.; Sankar, K.; Krausman, P. R.; Goyal, S. P. & Nicholoson, K. L.|bibcode=2015EJWR...61..255S}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ecopsychosocial Aspects of Human–Tiger Conflict: An Ethnographic Study of Tiger Widows of Sundarban Delta, India|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.4137/EHI.S24899|journal=Environmental Health Insights|date=2016|issn=1178-6302|pmc=4712980|pmid=26792997|pages=EHI.S24899|volume=10|doi=10.4137/EHI.S24899|language=en|author=Chowdhurym, A. N.; Mondal, R.; Brahma, A. & Biswas, M. K.}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Living with tigers Panthera tigris : patterns, correlates, and contexts of human–tiger conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001587/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2018|issn=0030-6053|pages=55–65|volume=52|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001587|language=en|author=Dhungana, R.; Savini, T.; Karki, J. B.; Dhakal, M.; Lamichhane, B. R. & Bumrungsri, S.|bibcode=2018Oryx...52...55D}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Unraveling the complexity of human–tiger conflicts in the Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acv.12591|journal=Animal Conservation|date=2020|issn=1367-9430|pages=741–749|volume=23|issue=6|doi=10.1111/acv.12591|language=en|author=Lubis, M. I.; Pusparini, W.; Prabowo, S. A.; Marthy, W.; Tarmizi; Andayani, N. & Linkie, M.|bibcode=2020AnCon..23..741L}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Settlements and plantations are sites of human–tiger interactions in Riau, Indonesia|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605322000667/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2023|issn=0030-6053|pages=476–480|volume=57|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605322000667|language=en|author=Neo, W. H. Y.; Lubis, M. I. & Lee, J. S. H.}}</ref> == Caomhnú == {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" |+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin !Tír !Bliain !Meastachán |- | {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align="right" |3,167–3,682<ref name=":28">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |573–600<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34) (Tuairisc)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2024|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum|údar=Global Tiger Forum and the Global Tiger Initiative Council|dáta=2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408150606/https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|archivedate=8 Aibreán 2024}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Indonesia}}[[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align="right" |393<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Nepal}}[[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align="right" |316–355<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC & DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Thailand}}[[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align="right" |148–189<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Malaysia}}[[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align="right" |<150<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Bhutan}}[[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align="right" |131<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|Bangladesh}}[[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align="right" |118–122<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}</ref> |- | {{Bratach|China}}[[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align="right"|>60<ref name=":5" /> |- | {{Bratach|Myanmar}}[[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align="right" |28<ref name=":5" /> |- | '''Iomlán'''|| || align="right" |'''5,638–5,899''' |} Cosaítear an tíogar go hidirnáisiúnta faoi Fhoscríbhinn I CITES a chuireann cosc ar thrádáil tíogar beo agus ar a gcodanna coirp.<ref name=":3" /> Tá cosc ar sheilg an tíogair ón mbliain 1952 sa [[An Rúis|Rúis]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 202.</ref> Tá sé á chosaint sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] ón mbliain 1969 agus á chosaint ina iomlán ón mbliain 1995.<ref name=":30">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Action Plan for Bhutan (2018-2023): A landscape approach to tiger conservation (Tuairisc)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/doi/10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089|date=2018|doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089|language=en|author=Tandin, T.; Penjor, U.; Tempa, T.; Dhendup, P.; Dorji, S.; Wangdi, S. & Moktan, V.|publisher=Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests.|location=Thimphu, an Bhútáin}}</ref> Tugtar an leibhéal cosanta is airde don tíogar san India faoin Acht um (Chosaint) Fiadhúlra, 1972, ón mbliain sin ar aghaidh.<ref name=":26">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Aryal, R. S.|date=2004|title=CITES Implementation in Nepal and India|journal=Law, Policy and Practice|location=Kathmandu|publisher=Bhrikuti Academic Publications. ISBN 99933-673-4-6}}</ref> Tá sé cosanta in [[Neipeal]] agus sa Bhainglaidéis ón mbliain 1973.<ref name=":26" /><ref name=":25" /> Cosaítear go hiomlán ón mbliain 1976 ar aghaidh sa [[An Mhalaeisia|Mhalaeisia]] faoin Acht um Chosaint Fiadhúlra<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://conservewildcats.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/WildCats/ProjectReports/Malaysia/MYCATFinalreport2006-07.pdf|title=The Malayan Tiger Conservation Programme (PDF) (Tuairisc)|author=Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers|date=2006|publisher=Kuala Lumpur: Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia|access-date=9 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409203438/https://conservewildcats.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/WildCats/ProjectReports/Malaysia/MYCATFinalreport2006-07.pdf|archive-date=9 Aibreán 2024}}</ref> agus d'ardaigh Acht um Chaomhnú Fiadhúlra na tíre sin a cuireadh i bhfeidhm sa bhliain 2010 na pionóis as coireanna atá bainteach leis an bhfiadhúlra.<ref name=":5" /> Tá sé cosanta san [[An Indinéis|Indinéis]] ón mbliain 1990.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indonesia.pdf|title=Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for the Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) Indonesia 2007-2017. (PDF)|author=Ministry of Forestry|date=2007|publisher=Jakarta: Government of Indonesia|access-date=12 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923144656/https://globaltigerforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indonesia.pdf|archive-date=23 Meán Fómhair 2023}}</ref> Cuireadh cosc ar thrádáil codanna coirp an tíogair i bhfeidhm sa [[An tSín|tSín]] sa bhliain 1993.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Transnational environmentalism and entanglements of sovereignty: The tiger campaign across the Himalayas|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629812000741|journal=Political Geography|date=2012|pages=408–418|volume=31|issue=7|doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2012.06.003|language=en|author=Yeh, E. T.}}</ref> Cuireadh an tAcht um Chaomhnú agus Chosaint an Fhiadhúlra i bhfeidhm sa [[An Téalainn|Téalainn]] sa bhliain 2019 chun dul i ngleic le póitseáil agus trádáil na gcodanna coirp.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iucn.org/story/202208/future-panthera-tigris-thailand-and-globally|teideal=The future of Panthera tigris in Thailand and globally|údar=Kampongsun, S.|dáta=2022|language=en|work=IUCN|foilsitheoir=IUCN|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519211154/https://www.iucn.org/story/202208/future-panthera-tigris-thailand-and-globally|archivedate=19 Bealtaine 2024}}</ref> Bunaíodh an tÚdarás Náisiúnta um Chaomhnú an Tíogair agus ''Project Tiger'' san [[An India|India]] sa bhliain 1973 chun tacaíocht an phobail a chothú i leith chaomhnú an tíogair.<ref name=":27" /> Ó shin i leith, bunaíodh 53 thearmann tíogair a chuimsíonn achar de 75,796 km<sup>2</sup> (29,265 mi<sup>2</sup>) sa tír go dtí an mbliain 2022.<ref name=":28" /> Chuir na cuir chuige seo go mór le téarnamh na bpobal tíogair san India idir 2006 agus 2018 sa mhéid is go bhfaightear iad anois laistigh d'achar 138,200 km<sup>2</sup> (53,400 mi<sup>2</sup>). Cuimsíonn straitéis náisiúnta caomhnaithe tíogair [[Maenmar|Mhaenmar]] a forbraíodh in 2003 tascanna bainistíochta ar nós athchóiriú gnáthóg dhíghrádaithe, méadú fairsingeacht na gceantar cosanta agus na gconairí fiadhúlra, cosaint speiceas creiche tíogair, bacadh maraithe tíogair agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp agus cur chun cinn feasacht an phobail le cláracha oideachais fiadhúlra.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Developing a National Tiger Action Plan for the Union of Myanmar|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9|journal=Environmental Management|date=2006|issn=0364-152X|pages=30–39|volume=37|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Khaing, S. T. & Zaw, K. M.|pmid=16362487|bibcode=2006EnMan..37...30L}}</ref> Bhain an chéad Phlean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair de chuid na Bútáine a cuireadh i bhfeidhm idir 2006 agus 2015 le caomhnú gnáthóige, bainistíocht coinbhleachta daonna–fiadhúlra, oideachas agus feasacht an phobail; ba é cuspóir an dara Plean Gníomhaíochta ná pobal tíogair na tíre a ardú 20% faoin mbliain 2023 i gcomparáid le 2015.<ref name=":30" /> Túsaíodh Plean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair na Banglaidéise sa bhliain 2009 chun pobal tíogair na tíre a chobhsú, gnáthóg agus bunús creiche leordhóthanach a chaomhnú, forfheidhmiú an dlí a fheabhsú agus comhoibriú idir na gníomhaireachtaí rialtais atá freagrach as caomhnú an tíogair a chothú.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Identifying landscape factors affecting tiger decline in the Bangladesh Sundarbans|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989418300350|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2018|pages=e00382|volume=13|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00382|language=en|author=Hossain, A. N. M.; Lynam, A. J.; Ngoprasert, D.; Barlow, A.; Barlow, C. G. & Savini, T.|bibcode=2018GEcoC..1300382H}}</ref> Shamhlaigh Plean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair na Téalainne a daingníodh in 2010 go méadófaí pobail tíogair na tíre 50% in Ionad na Foraoise Iartharaí agus Ionad Foraoise Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai agus go n-athbhunófaí pobail i dtrí thírdhreach fhéideartha faoin mbliain 2022.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303881962|title=Thailand Tiger Action Plan 2010–2022|author=Pisdamkham, C.; Prayurasiddhi, T.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Maneesai, R.; Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Simcharoen, A.; Pattanavibool, R.; Maneerat, S.; Prayoon, U.; Cutter, P. G. & Smith, J. L. D.|date=2010|publisher=Bangkok: Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment|access-date=16 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145525/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303881962_Thailand_Tiger_Action_Plan_2010-2022|archive-date=5 Bealtaine 2025}}</ref> Ba é cuspóir an Chláir Náisiúnta Athchóirithe Tíogair a daingníodh in 2010 san Indinéis ná pobal an tíogair Shumatraigh a mhéadú faoin mbliain 2022.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Chandradewi, D. S.; Semiadi, G.; Pinondang, I.; Kheng, V. & Bahaduri, L. D.|date=2019|title=A decade on: The second collaborative Sumatra-wide Tiger survey|journal=Cat News|volume=69|pages=41-42}}</ref> Baineann an tríú plean gníomhaíochta agus straitéise um chaomhnú an tíogair Shumatraigh idir na blianta 2020–2030 le neartú bainistíochta na n-aonad pobal tíogair beag a bhfuil níos lú ná 20 indibhid aibí iontu agus neartú na gceangal idir 13 cheapach foraoise sna cúigí Sumatra Thuaidh agus Sumatra Theas.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://udspace.udel.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/db24ae3d-1681-4d30-9773-4abb62cd861d/content|title=An Island-wide Status of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and Principal Prey in Sumatra, Indonesia|author=Wibisono, H. T.|date=2021|publisher=(Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology). Delaware: University of Delaware|access-date=14 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505064621/https://udspace.udel.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/db24ae3d-1681-4d30-9773-4abb62cd861d/content|archive-date=5 Bealtaine 2024}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Wild_Sumatran_tiger.jpg|alt=Night shot of a tiger face close to the camera|mion|220px|Tíogar Sumatrach fiáin feicthe ag gaiste ceamara]] Bhí baint ag méaduithe na bpatról frith-phóitseála i gceithre cheantar chosanta sa Rúis idir 2011 agus 2014 le laghdú póitseála, cobhsú an phobail tíogair agus cur chun cinn chosaint a gcreach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas: A case study for Russian Amur tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica ) reserves|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12168|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2016|issn=1749-4877|pages=2–15|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12168|language=en|author=Hötte, M. H.; Kolodin, I. A.; Bereznuk, S. L.; Slaght, J. C.; Kerley, L. L.; Soutyrina, S. V.; Salkina, G. P.; Zaumyslova, O. Y.; Stokes, E. J. & Miquelle, D. G.|pmid=26458501}}</ref> Fógraíodh gur coireanna meánacha agus tromchúiseacha iad an phóitseáil agus an gháinneáil faoi seach sa bhliain 2019.<ref name=":5" /> Bunaíodh oibríochtaí frithphóitseála in Neipeal sa bhliain 2010 fosta, rud a chothaigh níos mó comhoibrithe agus roinnte faisnéise idir na gníomhaireachtaí. Bhí go leor blianta “gan phóitseáil ar bith” de bharr na bpolasaithe seo agus dhúbláil pobal tíogair na tíre laistigh de dheich mbliana.<ref name=":5" /> Patróil fhrith-phóitseála i gcroícheantar mór 1,200 km<sup>2</sup> (460 mi<sup>2</sup>) Taman Negara ba chúis le laghdú minicíochta na póitseála ó 34 eachtra braite le linn 2015–2016 go 20 eachtra idir 2018 agus 2019; chuidigh gabháil seacht bhfoireann póitseála agus baint na súl ribe le trí thíogar bhaineanna chónaitheacha agus ar a laghad 11 choileán teacht slán.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Using a crime prevention framework to evaluate tiger counter-poaching in a Southeast Asian rainforest|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552|author=Lam, W. Y.; Phung, C. C.; Mat, Z. A.; Jamaluddin, H.; Sivayogam, C. P.; Zainal Abidin, F. A.; Sulaiman, A.; Cheok, M. K. Y.; Osama, N. A. W.; Sabaan, S.; Abu Hashim, A. K.; Booton, M. D.; Harihar, A.; Clements, G. R. & Pickles, R. S. A.|bibcode=2023FrCS....413552L|pages=1213552}}</ref> Imlonnaítear oifigigh airm agus póilíní le haghaidh patróil i dteannta ball foirne na gceantar cosanta sa Mhalaeisia.<ref name=":5" /> Is bearta caomhnaithe tábhachtacha iad conairí fiadhúlra mar éascaíonn siad ceangail na bpobal tíogair idir láithreacha cosanta; baineann tíogair feidhm as ar a laghad 9 gconaire a bunaíodh i dTírdhreach Terai Arc agus Cnoic Sivalik in Neipeal agus san India araon.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connecting tiger ( Panthera tigris ) populations in Nepal: Identification of corridors among tiger‐bearing protected areas|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.10140|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2023|issn=2045-7758|volume=13|issue=5|doi=10.1002/ece3.10140|language=en|author=Bhatt, T. R.; Castley, J. G.; Sims-Castley, R.; Bara, H. S. & Chauvenet, A. L. M.|pmid=37261321|bibcode=2023EcoEv..1310140B}}</ref> Is iad conairí i gceantair foraoise nach mbíonn mórán cur isteach daonna orthu is fearr a oireann.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demographic and ecological correlates of a recovering tiger (Panthera tigris) population: Lessons learnt from 13-years of monitoring|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000632072030906X|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2020|pages=108848|volume=252|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108848|language=en|author=Harihar, A.; Pandav, B.; Ghosh-Harihar, M. & Goodrich, J.|bibcode=2020BCons.25208848H}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Assessment of Habitat Suitability and Potential Corridors for Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Valmiki Tiger Reserve, India, Using MaxEnt Model and Least-Cost Modeling Approach|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w|journal=Environmental Modeling & Assessment|date=2024|issn=1420-2026|pages=405–422|volume=29|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w|language=en|author=Rahaman, M. H.; Masroor, M.; Sajjad, H. & Saha, T. K.|bibcode=2024EMdAs..29..405R}}</ref> Aithníodh go raibh tosaíocht ard ag 12 chonaire fiadhúlra in Sumatra Thiar chun an choinbhleacht dhaonna–fiadhúlra a laghdú.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Priority Corridor Zone for Human-Tiger Conflict Mitigation: A Landscape Connectivity Approach in West Sumatra Region, Indonesia|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1617138123001723|journal=Journal for Nature Conservation|date=2023|pages=126501|volume=76|doi=10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126501|language=en|author=Rahman, H.; Hidayat, R. H.; Nofrizal, A. Y.; Wilastra, I. & Nasution, A. F. R.|bibcode=2023JNatC..7626501R}}</ref> Shínigh an tSín agus an Rúis meabhrán tuisceana le haghaidh comhoibrithe trasteorann idir dhá cheantar chosanta, Páirc Náisiúnta Tíogair agus Liopaird Oirthuaisceart na Síne agus Páirc Náisiúnta Thír an Liopaird, a chuir cruthú conairí fiadhúlra agus monatóireacht agus patróil déthaobhach thar an teorainn Shín-Rúiseach san áireamh.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6674/ESCAP-2023-RP-Transboundary-cooperation-conservation-Amur-tigers-Amur-leopards-Snow-leopards-ENEA.pdf|title=Evaluation of the project on transboundary cooperation on the conservation of Amur tigers, Amur leopards and Snow leopards in North-East Asia (PDF) (Tuairisc)|author=Paudyal, B. N.|date=2023|publisher=Bangkok, An Téalainn: Coimisiún Eacnamaíoch agus Sóisialta na Náisiún Aontaithe don Áise agus don Aigéin Chiúin|access-date=7 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407175636/https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6674/ESCAP-2023-RP-Transboundary-cooperation-conservation-Amur-tigers-Amur-leopards-Snow-leopards-ENEA.pdf|archive-date=7 Aibreán 2024}}</ref> Scaoileadh tíogair faidhbe agus coileáin tíogair dhílleachta saor san fhiántas agus rinneadh monatóireacht orthu san India, i Sumatra agus sa Rúis.<ref name=":29" /><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers/4_AJCB-VOL1-ISSUE1-Priatna%20et%20al.pdf|title=Home range and movements of male translocated problem tigers in Sumatra (PDF)|author=Priatna, D.; Santosa, Y.; Prasetyo, L. B. & Kartono, A. P.|date=2012|pages=1 (1): 20–30|publisher=Asian Journal of Conservation Biology|access-date=21 Mí na Samhna 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115172018/http://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers/4_AJCB-VOL1-ISSUE1-Priatna%20et%20al.pdf|archive-date=15 Mí na Samhna 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Restoration of the Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) Population in the Northwest of Its Distribution Area|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1134/S1062359021080239|journal=Biology Bulletin|date=2021|issn=1062-3590|pages=1401–1423|volume=48|issue=8|doi=10.1134/S1062359021080239|language=en|author=Rozhnov, V. V.; Naidenko, S. V.; Hernandez–Blanco, J. A.; Chistopolova, M. D.; Sorokin, P. A.; Yachmennikova, A. A.; Blidchenko, E. Yu.; Kalinin, A. Yu. & Kastrikin, V. A.|bibcode=2021BioBu..48.1401R}}</ref> Tá athbhunú gnáthóige agus athbhunú speiceas creiche i measc na n-ullmhúchán atá ar siúl i dTearmann Dúlra Ile-Balkash na Casacstáine.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Restoring Asia’s roar: Opportunities for tiger recovery across the historic range|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340|author=Gray, T. N.; Rosenbaum, R.; Jiang, G.; Izquierdo, P.; Yongchao, J .I. N.; Kesaro, L.; Lyet, A.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Patterson, D. J.; Channa, P.; Jinzhe, Q. I.; Ripple, W. J.; Roberts, J. L.; Roy, S.; Shwe, N. M.; Wolf, C. & Chapman, S.|bibcode=2023FrCS....424340G|pages=1124340}}</ref> Glactar leis go bhfuil athbhunú tíogair indéanta in oirthear na Cambóide ar choinníoll go gcuirfear feabhas ar bhainistíocht na gceantar cosanta agus go gcobhsófar caillteanas foraoise.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=A framework for assessing readiness for tiger Panthera tigris reintroduction: a case study from eastern Cambodia|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|date=2017|issn=0960-3115|pages=2383–2399|volume=26|issue=10|doi=10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1|language=en|author=Gray, T. N. E.; Crouthers, R.; Ramesh, K.; Vattakaven, J.; Borah, J.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Lim, T.; Phan, C.; Singh, R.; Long, B. & Chapman, S.|bibcode=2017BiCon..26.2383G}}</ref> Coimeádtar agus póraítear tíogair na Síne Theas i zúanna Síneacha agus pleanáltar go n-athbhunófar a n-óga isteach i gceantair cosanta iargúlta.<ref name="Wang2023" /><ref name=":31" /> Chinntigh cláir phóraithe i measc [[Zú|zúanna]] go bhfuil éagsúlacht ghéiniteach dhóthanach i measc na dtíogar a fheidhmeodh mar “árachas i gcoinne díothaithe san fhiántas.”<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Subspecies Genetic Assignments of Worldwide Captive Tigers Increase Conservation Value of Captive Populations|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098220800434X|journal=Current Biology|date=2008|pages=592–596|volume=18|issue=8|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053|language=en|author=Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|bibcode=2008CBio...18..592L|pmid=18424146}}</ref> == Caidreamh le daoine == [[File:ElephantbackTigerHunt.jpg|thumb|220px|Sealgaireacht tíogair ar muin eilifinte san India, 1808|alt=Dearadh de dhaoine ag fiach tíogar ar muin eilifinte]] === Sealgaireacht === <!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an gcuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --> Bhí sé de nós ag daoine a bheith ag fiach na dtíogar leis na mílte bliain mar a léiríonn múrdhathanna ar Fhothanacha Cloiche Bhimbetka san India a dátaíodh go 5,000–6,000 bliain ó shin. Seilgeadh fud fad a raonta san Áise iad, áit a mbíodh daoine sa tóir orthu ar muin capaill, ar muin eilifinte nó fiú le sleamhnán madraí sula marófaí le sleánna agus níos déanaí le hairm thine iad. Ba iad rialtóirí Áiseacha agus impireachtaí cosúil le [[Impireacht na Mógal|hImpireacht na Mógal]] chomh maith le coilínigh Eorpacha a rinne na fiacha seo. Ba mhinic a seilgeadh tíogair mar chomhraimh agus mar gheall ar an gcontúirt a measadh a bhí ag baint leo.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 187–200.</ref> Meastar gur 80,000 tíogar a maraíodh idir 1875 agus 1925.<ref>Kothari, A. S.; Chhapgar, B. S.; Chhapgar, B. F., eds. (2005). "The Manpoora Tiger (about a Tiger Hunt in Rajpootanah)". The Treasures of Indian Wildlife. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society. pp. 22–27. ISBN 0-19-567728-5.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 193.</ref> === Ionsaithe === <!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an gcuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --> [[File:Sundarban Tiger.jpg|thumb|220px|Tíogar Bheangál sna Sundarbans|alt=Tíogar ina sheasamh ar bhruach corcach mhangróbh]] Seachnaíonn tíogair daoine de ghnáth i bhformhór na gceantar a fhaightear iad, ach tá baol ionsaithe ann i gcónaí áit ar bith a gcómhaireann daoine leo.<ref name=":32">Nyhus, P. J. & Tilson, R. (2010). "Panthera tigris vs Homo sapiens: Conflict, coexistence, or extinction?" in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010}}, lgh. 125–142.</ref><ref name=":33">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Human–tiger conflict: A review and call for comprehensive plans|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2010|issn=1749-4877|pages=300–312|volume=5|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.|pmid=21392348}}</ref> Casann daoine agus tíogair ar a chéile go contúirteach níos minice i ngnáthóga imill idir ceantair fhiáine agus ceantair thalmhaíochta.<ref name=":32" /> Is cosantach a bhíonn na hionsaithe, cosaint na n-óg san áireamh, ar dhaoine den chuid is mó; feictear daoine mar fhoinse chreiche uaireanta, áfach.<ref name=":33" /> Bíonn tíogair dhaoiniteacha sean agus faoi mhíchumas de ghnáth.<ref name=":7" /> Má ruaigtear tíogair dá raonta baile, tá an baol ann go mbeidh orthu daoine a ithe fosta.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 108–110.</ref> Bhí an Tíogar Champawat freagrach as bás níos mó ná 430 duine sa Neipeal agus san India sular scaoil Jim Corbett í.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 276.</ref> D'fhulaing an tíogar baineann seo le fiacla briste agus ní raibh sí in ann a gnáthchreach a mharú. Measann údair nua-aimseartha gur chuir a chothú ar fheoil dhaonna ghann iachall uirthi níos mó agus níos mó daoine a mharú.<ref>{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh.&#x20;73–74.</ref> Bhí líon na n-ionsaithe tíogar i Singeapór sách ard i lár na 19ú haoise nuair a leath plandálacha isteach i ngnáthóg an tíogair.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=People in Peril, Environments at Risk: Coolies, Tigers, and Colonial Singapore's Ecology of Poverty|url=http://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/10.3197/096734016X14661540219393|journal=Environment and History|date=2016|issn=0967-3407|pages=455–482|volume=22|issue=3|doi=10.3197/096734016X14661540219393|language=en|author=Powell, M. A.|bibcode=2016EnHis..22..455P|jstor=24810674}}</ref> Le linn na 1840idí, bhí líon na mbás sa cheantar idir 200 agus 300 in aghaidh na bliana.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 274.</ref> Ionsaithe tíogar sna Sundarbans ba chúis le bás 1,396 duine sa tréimhse idir 1935 agus 2006 dar le taifid oifigiúla Roinn Foraoise na Banglaidéise.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Profiling tigers (Panthera tigris) to formulate management responses to human-killing in the Bangladesh Sundarbans|url=http://www.socpvs.org/journals/index.php/wbp/article/view/10.2461-wbp.2013.9.6|journal=Wildlife Biology in Practice|date=2013-09-30|issn=1646-2742|volume=9|issue=2|doi=10.2461/wbp.2013.9.6|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C.; Ahmad, I. & Smith, J. L.|pages=30-39}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209025557/http://socpvs.org/journals/index.php/wbp/article/view/10.2461-wbp.2013.9.6 |date=2017-12-09 }}</ref> Ba mhuintir na sráidbhailte áitiúla iad na híobartaigh seo a chuaigh isteach i ndúiche an tíogair chun acmhainní ar nós meala nó adhmaid a bhailiú. Gnáthíobartach ab ea an t-iascaire. Bhí go leor bealaí ag daoine chun dul i ngleic le hionsaithe na dtíogar i gcaitheamh na mblianta, ina measc siúd maisc aghaidhe a caitheadh ar chúl an chinn, éadaigh chosanta, bataí agus mainicíní leictreacha a lonnaíodh go cúramach.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 111–113.</ref> === Géibheann === {{Il-íomhánna |align= right |direction=vertical |image1=Clean Toes are a Tiger's Friend (15588882074).jpg |caption1=Tíogar ag Big Cat Rescue in 2014 |image2=Ringling Bros and Barnum & Bailey Circus Gunther Gebel-Williams 1969.jpg |caption2=Grianghraf poiblíochta den traenálaí ainmhí Gunther Gebel-Williams le roinnt dá thíogar traenáilte, {{circa}} 1969. |alt=Tíogar taobh thiar d'fhál (ar barr) agus grianghraf dubh-agus-bán d'fhear ar a ghlúine os comhair sé thíogar atá ina luí le lucht féachana sorcais sa chúlra}} Coimeádadh tíogair i ngéibheann ó bhí an chianaois ann. Cuireadh tíogair ar taispeáint in [[Amfaitéatar|amfaitéatair]]; maraíodh le linn sealgaireachta agus baineadh úsáid astu chun príosúnaigh a mharú.<ref>Manfredi, P. "The Tiger in the Ancient World" in {{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 173</ref> Tuairiscítear gur choimeád an rialtóir Mongólach Kublai Khan tíogair sa 13ú haois. Coimeádadh tíogair i ngairdíní ainmhithe Eorpacha ag tosú sa [[An Mheánaois|Mheánaois]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 179-180.</ref> Baineadh feidhm as tíogair agus ainmhithe coimhthíocha eile chun aíocht a chur ar fáil don scothaicme go príomha agus ansin ón 19ú haois ar aghaidh, is mó a cuireadh ar taispeáint don phobal iad. Tá tíogair an-tarraingteach mar thaispeántais agus chuaigh a bpobail i ngéibheann in airde go mór.<ref>{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 126–130.</ref> Bhí níos mó ná 8,000 tíogar ghafa san Áise, thart ar 5,000 sna SAM agus ar a laghad 850 san Eoraip sa bhliain 2020.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tigers.panda.org/?916741/EU-tigers-trade-WWF-report|teideal=EU’s ‘unlikely’ role in global tiger trade revealed in new WWF, TRAFFIC report|údar=Ciste Domhanda an Fhiadhúlra (WWF)|dáta=2020|language=en|work=tigers.panda.org|dátarochtana=6 Meitheamh 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119155811/https://tigers.panda.org/?916741/EU-tigers-trade-WWF-report|archivedate=19 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> Tá níos mó tíogar i ngéibheann ná mar atá san fhiántas.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Subspecies Genetic Assignments of Worldwide Captive Tigers Increase Conservation Value of Captive Populations|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098220800434X|journal=Current Biology|date=2008|pages=592–596|volume=18|issue=8|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053|language=en|author=Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J.|bibcode=2008CBio...18..592L|pmid=18424146}}</ref> Is féidir go dtaispeánfaidh tíogair i ngéibheann iompar neamhghnách cosúil le siúl síos suas agus neamhghníomhaíocht. Is féidir le zúanna nua-aimseartha na hiompair seo a laghdú le taispeántáin a dhearadh le gur féidir leis na hainmhithe bogadh idir imfháluithe atá scartha ach nasctha.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Effects of a modern exhibit design on captive tiger welfare|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21746|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2023|issn=0733-3188|pages=371–382|volume=42|issue=3|doi=10.1002/zoo.21746|language=en|author=Smith, K. D.; Snider, R. J.; Dembiec, D. P.; Siegford, J. M. & Ali, A. B.|pmid=36478300}}</ref> Tá earraí cothaithe tábhachtach chun leasa na gcat fosta agus chun a n-iompar nádúrtha a spreagadh.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The effects of intrinsic enrichment on captive felids|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21361|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2017|issn=0733-3188|pages=186–192|volume=36|issue=3|doi=10.1002/zoo.21361|language=en|author=Damasceno, J.; Genaro, G.; Quirke, T.; McCarthy, S.; McKeown, S. & O'Riordan, R.|pmid=29165868}}</ref> D’imir tíogair ról faoi leith i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus taispeántais bheo eile. Bhí iliomad ceansaitheoir tíogair le feiceáil i dtaispeántais na Ringling Bros sa 20ú haois, ina measc Mabel Stark a raibh tarraingt mhór agus gairm fhada aici. Bhí clú uirthi as a bheith in ann smacht a chur ar na tíogair cé gur bhean bheag a bhí inti; bhain sí úsáid as uirlisí “na bhfear” cosúil le fuipeanna agus gunnaí. Ceansaitheoir eile ab ea Clyde Beatty a d’úsáid cathaoireacha, fuipeanna agus gunnaí chun iompar fiáin a spreagadh i dtíogair agus in ainmhithe eile, rud a chuir cuma chróga air. Bheadh sé ar an ardán le suas le 40 tíogar agus leon in aon thaispeántas amháin. Bhainfeadh traenálaithe cosúil le Gunther Gebel-Williams úsáid as modhanna níos séimhe chun smacht a chur ar na hainmhithe ó na 1960idí ar aghaidh. Baisteadh “Cogarnach na dTíogar” ar Sara Houcke mar thraenáil sí na cait chun éisteacht léi agus í ag cogarnaíl dóibh.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 202–204.</ref> Bhain [[Siegfried & Roy]] clú amach in [[Las Vegas]] as taispeántais a chur ar siúl le tíogair bhána. Tháinig deireadh lena dtaispeántais in 2003 nuair a d’ionsaigh tíogar Roy le linn léirithe.<ref>{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 140–141.</ref> Ba iad tíogair an t-ainmhí is mó trádála i measc na n-ainmhithe sorcais.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Are wild animals suited to a travelling circus life?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728600000270/type/journal_article|journal=Animal Welfare|date=2009|issn=0962-7286|pages=129–140|volume=18|issue=2|doi=10.1017/S0962728600000270|language=en|author=Iossa, G.; Soulsbury, C. D. & Harris, S.}}</ref> Chuaigh úsáid na dtíogar agus ainmhithe eile in éag i go leor tíortha mar gheall ar bhrú ó ghrúpaí cearta ainmhithe agus toil an phobail iad a fheiceáil laistigh de shuíomhanna níos nádúrtha. Chuir roinnt tíortha cosc nó srian ar thaispeántais den chineál seo.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 204–205.</ref> Tá an-tóir ar thíogair i ngnó na bpeataí coimhthíocha go háirithe sna Stáit Aontaithe,<ref>{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 214.</ref> áit nach bhfuil ach 6% de phobal na dtíogar i ngéibheann i zúanna agus in ionaid fhaofa eile an Chumainn um Zúanna agus Uisceadáin.<ref name=":34" /> Glactar leis go bhfuil bailitheoirí príobháideacha droch-fheistithe chun an aire cheart a thabhairt do thíogair, rud a chuireann as dá leas. Is féidir leo sábháilteacht an phobail a chur i mbaol fosta má ligeann siad do dhaoine caidreamh a dhéanamh leo.<ref name=":34" /> Cuireadh cosc ar thíogair agus cait mhóra eile a bheith ag daoine príobháideacha sna SAM sa bhliain 2022.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/big-cat-owners-must-register-june-18|title=June 18 Deadline for Compliance With Big Cat Public Safety Act|author=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|date=2023|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=20 Feabhra 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220231426/https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/big-cat-owners-must-register-june-18|archive-date=20 Feabhra 2024}}</ref> Chuir formhór tíortha an Aontais Eorpaigh cosc ar phórú tíogair agus ar thíogair a bheith ag daoine lasmuigh de zúanna agus ionaid tharrthála ceadúnaithe ach ceadaíonn roinnt acu bailiúcháin phríobháideacha fós.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023XC0418(01)|title=Guidance Document on the export, re-export and intra-EU trade of captive-born and bred live tigers and their parts and derivatives (Tuairisc)|author=European Commission|date=2023|access-date=6 Meitheamh 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217230241/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023XC0418(01)|archive-date=17 Nollaig 2023}}</ref> === Tábhacht chultúrtha === <!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an gcuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --> [[File:Bronze Tiger Tally "Jie" with Gold Inlay from Tomb of Zhao Mo.jpg|thumb|220px|right|''Jie'' (suaitheantas an údaráis) de chruth an tíogair le hór iontlaise, ó thuama Zhao Mo|alt=Suaitheantas de thíogar dubh le stríoca órga]] Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na mórfhánaí carasmatacha is cáiliúla ar domhan. Thug Kailash Sankhala “meascán annamh de mhisneach, d’fhíochmhaireacht agus de dhathúlacht iontach”<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger Panthera tigris in Rajasthan|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|date=1967|issn=0074-9664|pages=133–147|volume=7|issue=1|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|language=en|author=Sankhala, K. S.}}</ref> air agus deir Candy d'Sa go bhfuil sé “fíochmhar agus ceannasach ar an taobh amuigh, ach uasal agus géarchúiseach ar an taobh istigh”. Ghlac níos mó ná 50,000 duine as 73 thír páirt i bpobalbhreith ar líne sa bhliain 2004; dúradh gurb é an tíogar an t-ainmhí is fearr leis an domhan le 21% de na vótaí, cé gur ar éigean a sháraigh sé an madra.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120222416/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20041206/ai_n12814678|title=Endangered tiger earns its stripes as the world's most popular beast|author=McCarthy, M.|date=2004|publisher=Londain: The Independent|access-date=7 Márta 2009|archive-url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20041206/ai_n12814678|archive-date=20 Eanáir 2008}}</ref> Fuair staidéar in 2018 amach gurb é an t-ainmhí fiáin is mó tóire ar an mbealach céanna bunaithe ar shuirbhéanna, ar thaispeántais ar shuíomhanna gréasáin mhórzúanna agus ar phóstaeir roinnt scannán beochana.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The twenty most charismatic species|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199149|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2018|issn=1932-6203|pmc=6037359|pmid=29985962|pages=e0199149|volume=13|issue=7|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0199149|language=en|author=Albert, C.; Luque, G. M. & Courchamp, F.|bibcode=2018PLoSO..1399149A}}</ref> Díreach mar a chuir an leon ríogacht agus cumhacht in iúl i gcultúr an Iarthair, is amhlaidh a rinne an tíogar i gcultúir éagsúla na hÁise. D’fhéach an tSín ársa ar an tíogar mar “rí na foraoise” agus ba shiombail é de chumhacht an impire.<ref name=":35">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Werness, H. B.|date=2007|title=The Continuum Encyclopedia of Animal Symbolism in World Art|publisher=Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-1913-2|location=Nua Eabharc|pages=402-404}}</ref> Is é an tíogar an tríú ceann den 12 ainmhí sa [[stoidiaca Síneach]] a bhfuil smacht ar an tréimhse idir 15:00 agus 17:00 aige san astralaíocht Shíneach. Ceaptar go dtugann Bliain an Tíogair “imeachtaí dramatúla agus míchuibhseacha” léi. Tá an Tíogar Bán ar cheann de Cheithre Shiombail na Réaltbhuíonta Síneacha a sheasann don iarthar agus don [[Yin agus yang|yin]] chomh maith le séasúr an Fhómhair. Macasamhail an Dragain Ghormghlais atá ann a sheasann don oirthear, don yang agus do shéasúr an Earraigh.<ref>{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 39, 46.</ref> Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na hainmhithe a léirítear ar shéala Pashupati Shibhialtacht Ghleann na hIondúise. Taispeánadh an tíogar ar shéalaí agus ar bhoinn nuair a bhí ríshliocht Chola i réim i ndeisceart na hIndia óir gurbh é a suaitheantas oifigiúil.<ref>Thapar, R. "In Times Past" in {{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 156, 164.</ref> [[File:Durga Mahisasuramardini.JPG|thumb|220px|An bandia Hiondúch Durga ag marcaíocht ar thíogar. Scoil Guler, go luath san 18ú haois|alt=Dearadh de bhandia a bhfuil ocht lámh uirthi ag marcaíocht ar thíogar atá ag baint greim de dheamhan buabhaill]] Tá tábhacht ag an tíogar sa reiligiún agus sa bhéaloideas. Is iad an tíogar, an moncaí agus an fia an Trí Chréatúr gan Chiall sa [[An Búdachas|Bhúdachas]] agus is é an tíogar siombail na feirge.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Cooper, J. C.|date=1992|title=Symbolic and Mythological Animals|url=https://archive.org/details/symbolicmytholog0000coop|publisher=Aquarian Press. ISBN 978-1-85538-118-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/symbolicmytholog0000coop/page/227 227]|location=Londain}}</ref> Is é an tíogar feithicil Durga sa [[An Hiondúchas|Hiondúchas]], bandia na cumhachta feiminí agus na síochána ar chruthaigh na déithe í chun troid i gcoinne na ndeamhan. Bhíodh an dia [[Dinísias]] ag marcaíocht ar muin tíogair ar an mbealach céanna sa Domhan Gréag-Rómhánach. Feictear mar theachtairí na nDéithe Sléibhe iad tíogair i miotaseolaíocht na Cóiré.<ref>{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 60, 86–88, 96.</ref> Feictear mar chosaintóirí i gcoinne na n-ainspridí iad tíogair agus úsáideadh a n-íomhá chun tithe, tuamaí agus baill éadaigh a mhaisiú i gcultúir na Síne agus na Cóiré mar aon.<ref name=":35" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lch. 96.</ref><ref name=":36">{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 152.</ref> I mbéaloideas na Malaeisia agus na hIndinéise, leigheasann [[Seamanachas|seamain tíogair]] easláintigh nuair a ghaireann siad an cat mór. Bhí scéalta faoi dhaoine a athraíonn ina dtíogair, agus a mhalairt, an-fhorleathan; ba thíogarriochtaí iad na daoine a d'athródh ina dtíogair agus ar ais arís. Chreid Mnongaigh na hInd-Síne go bhféadfadh tíogair ilchruthú ina ndaoine.<ref name=":36" /> Creideadh i measc roinnt bundúchasach na Sibéire go meallfadh fir mná nuair a d'athróidís ina dtíogair.<ref name=":35" /> Cuireann an dán "The Tyger" le [[William Blake]] ón mbliain 1794 an t-ainmhí i láthair mar dhéacht na háilleachta agus na fíochmhaire. Is dán cúpla é leis an dán "The Lamb" sa chnuasach filíochta ''Songs of Innocence and of Experience'' le Blake agus é ag machnamh ar conas a d'fhéadfadh Dia dhá chréatúr atá chomh difriúil sin óna chéile a chruthú. Tá an tíogar le feiceáil san úrscéal meánaoiseach Síneach ''Water Margin'' ina dtroideann an meirleach Wu Song leis an gcat agus ina maraíonn sé é. Tá an tíogar Shere Khan le feiceáil sa leabhar ''The Jungle Book'' (1894) le [[Rudyard Kipling]] ina mbíonn sé agus an príomhcharachtar Mowgli ina ndeargnaimhde. Tá tíogair chairdiúla mhúinte ann sa chultúr fosta, go háirithe Tigger, an carachtar as Winnie-the-Pooh, agus Tony the Tiger, sonóg ghránaigh Kellogg's.<ref>{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lch. 72–73, 78, 125–127, 147–148.</ref> {{Clear}} == Féach freisin == * [[Leon]] * [[Liopard]] * [[Iaguar]] * [[Liopard sneachta]] * [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Leabharliosta == * {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}} * {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}} * {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}} * {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}} * {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}} * {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}} * {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}} * {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}} [[Catagóir:Tíogair]] [[Catagóir:Cait]] s7zrpsjz3nbrwfpqrixlx12d57ze0rw 0 29178 1330574 1163062 2026-10-24T22:47:29Z Wikipidéanach 68935 1330574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} Is [[mamach]] [[Feoiliteoir|feoiliteach]] é an '''mongús'''. Aimsítear iad seo i ndeisceart na [[An Eoraip|hEorpa]], san [[An Afraic|Afraic]] agus san [[An Áise|Áise]]. Itheann siad feithidí, creimirí, reiptílí agus éin. == Saintréithe == Tá aghaidh agus corp fada, cluasa cruinne, cosa gearra agus eireaball fada acu. == Iompar agus éiceolaíocht == Bíonn roinnt mongús ina n-aonar, cé go mbíonn cinn eile ina mbeirteanna nó i ngrúpaí móra. Is féidir le cuid acu cleasanna easca a foghlaim agus coinnítear mar [[Peata|pheataí]] iad. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{síol ainmhí}} [[Catagóir:Mamaigh]] 9hlq498wn6wfg3d5a02csbj77ac4lli 0 49936 1330583 1218808 2026-10-25T08:08:11Z R. Henrik Nilsson 65582 Íomhá : 1990s WIKA analog pressure gauge 0 to 600 bar Alexander Wiegand Germany.jpg | mion | Manaiméadar analógach ardbhrú ó na 1990idí. 1330583 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:1990s WIKA analog pressure gauge 0 to 600 bar Alexander Wiegand Germany.jpg|mion|Manaiméadar analógach ardbhrú ó na 1990idí.]] Is feiste chun brú i [[sreabhán]] (leacht nó [[gás]]) a thomhas é '''manaiméadar'''.<ref name='FGB'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/manaim%E9adar|title=Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla (Ó Dónaill): manaiméadar|editor=[[Niall Ó Dónaill]], eag.|year=1977|publisher=[[An Gúm]]|location=[[Baile Átha Cliath]]|isbn=978-1857910384|access-date=2024-05-23|language=ga|work=Teanglann.ie}}</ref> De ghnáth, teicníocht bunaithe ar U-fheadán a úsáidtear chuige, agus léirítear an brú leis an difríocht in airde na leachta ([[Mearcair (airgead beo)|mearcair]] go minic) idir dhá ghéag an fheadáin nuair a cheanglaítear géag amháin don sreabhán ar mian an brú ann a thomhas, agus an ghéag eile don [[Atmaisféar an Domhain|atmaisféar]], mar shampla. Má bhíonn barr an mhearcair sa ghéag ceangailte leis an sreabhán h m níos airde ná an ghéag eile, tá an brú sa tsreabhán ρgh níos mó ná brú an atmaisféir (is é ρ dlús an mhearcair, agus g an [[luasghéarú de bharr domhantarraingthe]]). Úsáidtear an téarma maniaméadar do shaghsanna eile tomhsaire brú uaireanta, ina ngníomhaíonn an brú le tomhas fórsa ar dhromchla is an dromchla sin ceangailte go meicniúil nó go leictreach/leictreonach le táscaire grádaithe.<ref name="FreamhanEolais">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Manaiméadar|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=436}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Fréamh an Eolais}} {{síol}} 302co4g63zsfc929waimgugi1f8sodd 0 51826 1330550 1154352 2026-10-24T13:37:13Z R. Henrik Nilsson 65582 Íomhá : Circa 1980 Nitto DF 2510 marine depth sounder made in Japan view 1.jpg | mion | upright=0.75 | Gléas chun doimhneacht an uisce a thomhas le macallaí fuaime, a rinneadh sa tSeapáin thart ar 1980. 1330550 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Circa 1980 Nitto DF 2510 marine depth sounder made in Japan view 1.jpg|mion|upright=0.75|Gléas chun doimhneacht an uisce a thomhas le macallaí fuaime, a rinneadh sa tSeapáin thart ar 1980.]] Tarchur fuaimthonna ardmhinicíochta len iad a [[Frithchaitheamh|fhrithchaitheamh]] ó ghrinneall na [[farraige]] chun doimhneacht na farraige a thomhas. Bunaithe ar thomhas an ama a thógann sé ar bhíog fuaime taisteal díreach síos is filleadh don [[dromchla]] mar mhacalla. Nuair atá luas forleata na fuaime sa sáile ar eolas, is féidir an doimhneacht a ríomh. Le cláradóir mionchruinn doimhneachta ar shoitheach ag gluaiseacht, is féidir lorg infheicthe de ghrinneall na farraige, is aon airíonna eile ar an ngrinneall (éisc san uisce, fiú) a léiriú de réir mar a sheolann an bád ar aghaidh.<ref name="FreamhanEolais">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Sondáil ó mhacalla|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=614}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Fréamh an Eolais}} {{síol}} 0zjpdqs5jbcffo73gr1t6lmi1ylrbvv 3 59883 1330546 1324556 2026-10-24T12:08:18Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 /* Ríomhaireacht, teicneolaíocht agus matamaitic ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge */ mír nua 1330546 wikitext text/x-wiki == Fáilte == Haigh, a TGcoa, agus tá fáilte romhat chuig an Vicipéid! Go raibh maith agat as do chéad dréachtaí anseo. Tá súil agam go mbeidh níos mó ann agus go mbainfidh tú taitneamh as do chuid ama anseo! Tá sé éasca ailt nua a chruthú nó a cheartú. Thig leat dul go dtí an Halla Baile chun caint leis na Vicipéideoirí eile, más mian leat é sin a dhéanamh, nó dul go dtí an Lárionad Comhphobail chun breathnú ar na heachtraí Vicipéide is déanaí. Tá breis eolais fóintigh in ár reamhrá, freisin. Más é do thoil é, sínigh do chuid theachtaireachtaí ar leathanaigh phlé le ceithre thilde a chlóscríobh; ciallaíonn sé sin go hionsáfar d'ainm úsáideora agus an dáta go huathoibríoch. Má tá cabhair ag teastail uait, féach ar Vicipéid:Cabhair, nó cuir ceist ormsa nó ar na heagarthóirí eile ar ár leathanaigh phlé. Uair amháin eile, fáilte romhat! [[Úsáideoir:SeoMac|SeoMac]] ([[Plé úsáideora:SeoMac|talk]]) 20:46, 24 Eanáir 2015 (UTC) ==Duaiseanna Nobel== A TGcoa, Tá "Duais Nobel sa Litríocht" ceart. Féach an nóta a scríobh mé [[Plé:Duais Nobel|anseo]]. An n-éireofá as na hathruithe seo agat? Go raibh math agat. [[Úsáideoir:SeoMac|SeoMac]] ([[Plé úsáideora:SeoMac|talk]]) 08:37, 12 Meán Fómhair 2015 (UTC) ==Do chuid athruithe ar an Vicipéid== A TGcoa, léigh mé do theachtaireacht dheireanach ar an leathanach plé i gcomhair [[Duais Nobel]]. Tá sé níos fearr freagra a thabhairt anseo. Tá Gaeilge mhaith ag an duine a scríobh "J.M. Coetzee" (cé go moltar an Caighdeán Oifigiúil a úsáid mura bhfuil baint ag alt le canúint). Maidir le "moladh" molaim duit amharc ar ''mol'' i bhfoclóir Uí Dhónaill, fochiall uimh. 4. Bhí sé láncheart. Agus ní raibh i gceist le "sitúdeo" ([[Wayne Thiebaud]]) ach mionbhotún cló. Thabharfainn faoi deara é ar an dara huair tríd an alt domh agus tá lánchead ag daoine eile rud mar sin a chur i gceart chomh maith. Ní "faisean" é má bhíonn Panu, Matt Hussey agus Antain Mac Lochlainn ag aistriú "Nobel Prize in X" mar "Duais Nobel sa X". Níl do chuid Gaeilge inchurtha lena gcuidse. B'fhéidir go mbeadh "do X" nó an tuiseal ginideach níos fearr, ach tá "sa X" lánréasúnta. Tá sé chomh nádúrtha gur roghnaigh lucht Vicipéidí Ghaeilge na hAlban agus na Manainnise an bealach céanna chun é a aistriú. Tá a lán le ceartú ar an Vicipéid s'againne—go díreach mar a bhíonn a lán droch-Bhéarla le ceartú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla (idir an Bhéarla liobarnach ag cuid de na cainteoirí dúchais agus dhroch-Bhéarla na ndaoine nach bhfuil Béarla ón chliabhán acu). Aontaím leat go gcaithfidh muid a bheith faichilleach cúramach. Tú féin san áireamh. Níor cheart duit "moladh" a athrú in cupla dosaen alt de chuid Felo de Me gan ar a laghad féachaint in Ó Dónaill. Agus níor cheart duit "Duais Nobel sa Litríocht" a athrú in cupla scór alt gan an cheist a phlé leis na daoine eile anseo ar dtús. Cathfidh a bheith ábalta na botúin a cheartú. Ceartaíonn tú rudaí nach bhfuil mícheart agus ní thugann tú faoi deara fíorbhotúin go díreach in aice leo (féach [[San Francisco]]. Níl mé ag rá go gcaithfidh tú a bheith foirfe (déanaimse féin botúin ach má cheartaím 15 nó 20 earráid ar achan cheann a dhéanaim, sin dul chun cinn). Tá mé ag iarraidh ort gan ach botúin shoiléire a cheartú. [[Úsáideoir:SeoMac|SeoMac]] ([[Plé úsáideora:SeoMac|talk]]) 19:40, 19 Meán Fómhair 2015 (UTC) Bhuel ní bheidh iontas ort go bhfuil barúil eile agam. Dúirt tú go raibh tú amhrasach faoi céard tá cruinn / míchruinn. Agus dá bharr sin, ní maith leat athruithe a chur ar leathanaigh a scríobh na saineolaithe móra, athruithe ó bhun go hairithe. Mar sin, tá stíl imchoimeádach agat le do chuid eagarthóireachta (m. sh. na leathanaigh thuas a luaigh tú). Tá tú “ag iarraidh orm gan ach botúin shoiléire a cheartú”. Tá a fhios agat go bhfuil drochíomhá ag Vicipéid i measc pobal na Gaeilge. Ta an stíl tábhachtach (go háirithe má tá teideal i gceist). Caithfidh an eagarthóireacht a bheith níos sáití i mo thuairim féin más féidir (ok easpa ama, easpa eolais srl) Agus bímis foirfe, le do thoil! Ná habair nár chaith me súil ar Ó Donaill. Níl a fhios dá laghad agat... & is cuma. Taispeáin dom an frása “d-o mol” ar an idirlíon le do thoil. Mar a dúirt mé, b’fhéidir go bhfuil “d-o mol” “ceart” (Muimhneach b’fhéídir) .. níl a fhios agam (gabh mo leithscéal ach níl ionam ach foghlaimeoir). Ach creidim go bhfuil mo chuid eagarthóireachta beagnach 100% “ceart” (ok ionadúil b’fhéidir i gcásanna áirithe .. ach gan botún). Fíor nó bréagach?! Más fíor & sa chiall sin, is mise atá cúramach i ndáiríre. *** “leis na daoine eile anseo”, a dúirt tú. Cé eile atá anseo?! Is dócha go bhfuil tú i do riarthóir. Agus i d’aonar freisin na laethanta seo? Mar sin, léiriú aonair agatsa ag an am seo? Cinnte is soiléir go ndéanann tú sár-obair anseo, & faigheann tú buíochas ar bith is dócha. Tá súil agam go mbeidh muid in ann daoine eile a tharraingt, Gaeilge chruinn acu, chun eagarthóireacht a dhéanamh. Aon smaoineamh conas é a dhéanamh? Beir bua! Ciarán [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|talk]]) 00:32, 20 Meán Fómhair 2015 (UTC) :Go raibh maith agat as do chuid athruithe ar [[Roibeard Emmet]]. Go díreach an rud atá de dhíth anseo! Thig leat éirí cleachta ní b'fhearr ar Ghaeilge na Mumhan ach ba cheart do dhaoine a bheith ag scríobh i nGaeilge Chaighdeánta muna mbaineann alt le háit faoi leith sa tír. [[Úsáideoir:SeoMac|SeoMac]] ([[Plé úsáideora:SeoMac|talk]]) 22:09, 20 Meán Fómhair 2015 (UTC) ==Duaiseanna Nobel II== Mar a thug tú faoi deara tá Tearma.ie ag moladh 'duais Nobel na ceimice, litríochta, srl' . Chuaigh mé i gcumarsáid leo faoin cheist sin tamall siar i ndiaidh dúinn an cheist a phlé, agus phléigh an coiste atá acu cé acu an leagan a mholfaidís. Tú féin a spreag iad go hindíreach*, mar sin. Sin an deascéala duit a luaigh mé ar mo leathanach plé féin ach d'éirigh mé gnóthach agus chaill mé an fócas ceart. Is oth liom moill mar seo a bhaint asat, ach tá lánchead agat/againn 'duais na ceimice', srl. a úsáid. [[Úsáideoir:SeoMac|SeoMac]] ([[Plé úsáideora:SeoMac|talk]]) 00:24, 3 Eanáir 2016 (UTC) *Thig le héinne comhairle a iarraidh orthu. Tá deis ag Tearma.ie chun dul i dteagmháil leo. ::Nóta faoi conas ainm leathanaigh a athrú: Feicfidh tú cluas nó ''tab'' ag barr gach leathanaigh ar dheis darb ainm 'More'. Déan clic air agus ní fheicfidh tú ach aon rogha amháin: Bog. Déan clic ar 'Bog' agus feicfidh tú treoracha agus bosca ina bhfuil ainm an ailt/leathanaigh. Is féidir an t-ainm a athrú ansin gan stró. Fágfaidh mé duitse é a dhéanamh leis an alt sin Duais Nobel sa Litriocht mar scil úsáideach duit atá ann. Éasca cé go bhfágann sé athdhíriú ann. [[Úsáideoir:SeoMac|SeoMac]] ([[Plé úsáideora:SeoMac|talk]]) 06:28, 3 Eanáir 2016 (UTC) == Translation request about the article '[[w:simple:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262|United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262]]' == Hello dear TGcoa, saw your wonderful contribution in Irish Wikipedia. In this context I would like to ask you translate [[w:simple:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262|the small article]] into Irish, and add it to the Irish Wikipedia. Thank you in advance for your support/contribution and best wishes! == You are invited! == {| style="background-color: #e9f3ec; color:black; font-family:Avenir; border: 3px solid #000000; margin: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em{{border-radius|10px}}" |- ! colspan="2" style="font-size: 130%;" | [[File:Celtic Knot Wiki Conference - logo.png|right|200px]] <big>''You are invited...''</big> [[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|left|80px]] |- | <div style="background: #fff;margin-right: 10px;"></div> | style="text-align: left;" | <big><big>[https://wikimedia.org.uk/wiki/Celtic_Knot_Conference_2017 The Celtic Knot: Wikipedia Language Conference ] - '''Programme now live.'''<br /> *'''Hosts:''' [[w:The University of Edinburgh| The University of Edinburgh]] and [[w:Wikimedia UK| Wikimedia UK]] *'''Supporting:''' Celtic & Indigenous Languages. *'''Objective:''' The main objective for Celtic Knot 2017 is the coming together of practitioners in the same room at same time; strengthening the bonds of those working to support language communities into a 'knot' and leading into action. Attendees can expect to learn about and discuss innovative approaches to open education, open knowledge and open data that support and grow language communities. *'''Date:''' 6 July 2017 - [https://wikimedia.org.uk/wiki/Celtic_Knot_Conference_2017 Booking is now open.]</big></big> |} [[Úsáideoir:Stinglehammer|Stinglehammer]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Stinglehammer|plé]]) 00:04, 23 Bealtaine 2017 (UTC) ==Málta== Rinne tú obair mhaith ar an alt sin [[Málta]]. Maith thú! [[Úsáideoir:SeoMac|SeoMac]] ([[Plé úsáideora:SeoMac|plé]]) 05:14, 24 Iúil 2017 (UTC) ==Faro del Cabo de Gata== An dtiocfadh leat a rá liom cad í/iad an fhadhb/ na fadhbanna a thug faoi deara san alt thuas luaite, le do thoil? Ar an drochuair níl céim sa Ghaeilge agam![[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) ==Ainmneacha daoine mar theidil== Haigh! Obair mhaith ar [[Marie Stopes]] agus ar ailt atá ceangailte leis. Is é an stíl thras-Wiki an leagan is coitianta d'ainm duine a úsáid mar theideal ailt. (Úsáidtear ainm iomlán duine sa chéad líne den alt.) Seo cupla sampla ó Wikipedia:Article titles: :Bill Clinton (not: William Jefferson Clinton) :Bono (not: Paul Hewson) Grma. [[Úsáideoir:SeoMac|SeoMac]] ([[Plé úsáideora:SeoMac|plé]]) 17:14, 17 Márta 2018 (UTC) == Share your experience and feedback as a Wikimedian in this global survey == <div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello! The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey. We want to know how well we are supporting your work on and off wiki, and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation. You have been randomly selected to take this survey as we would like to hear from your Wikimedia community. The survey is available in various languages and will take between 20 and 40 minutes. <big>'''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_5ABs6WwrDHzAeLr?aud=VAE&prj=we&edc=6&prjedc=we6 Take the survey now!]'''</big> You can find more information about this survey [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Engagement_Insights/About_CE_Insights|on the project page]] and see how your feedback helps the Wikimedia Foundation support editors like you. This survey is hosted by a third-party service and governed by this [[:foundation:Community_Engagement_Insights_2018_Survey_Privacy_Statement|privacy statement]] (in English). Please visit our [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Engagement_Insights/Frequently_asked_questions|frequently asked questions page]] to find more information about this survey. If you need additional help, or if you wish to opt-out of future communications about this survey, send an email through the EmailUser feature to [[:m:Special:EmailUser/WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]] to remove you from the list. Thank you! </div> <span class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">[[m:User:WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]</span>, 18:41, 29 Márta 2018 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:WMF Surveys@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Engagement_Insights/MassMessages/Lists/2018/we6&oldid=17881422 --> == Reminder: Share your feedback in this Wikimedia survey == <div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Every response for this survey can help the Wikimedia Foundation improve your experience on the Wikimedia projects. So far, we have heard from just 29% of Wikimedia contributors. The survey is available in various languages and will take between 20 and 40 minutes to be completed. '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_5ABs6WwrDHzAeLr?aud=VAE&prj=we&edc=6&prjedc=we6 Take the survey now.]''' If you have already taken the survey, we are sorry you've received this reminder. We have design the survey to make it impossible to identify which users have taken the survey, so we have to send reminders to everyone. If you wish to opt-out of the next reminder or any other survey, send an email through EmailUser feature to [[:m:Special:EmailUser/WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]. You can also send any questions you have to this user email. [[m:Community_Engagement_Insights/About_CE_Insights|Learn more about this survey on the project page.]] This survey is hosted by a third-party service and governed by this Wikimedia Foundation [[:foundation:Community_Engagement_Insights_2018_Survey_Privacy_Statement|privacy statement]]. Thanks! </div> <span class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">[[m:User:WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]</span>, 01:39, 13 Aibreán 2018 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:WMF Surveys@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Engagement_Insights/MassMessages/Lists/2018/we6&oldid=17898672 --> == Your feedback matters: Final reminder to take the global Wikimedia survey == <div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello! This is a final reminder that the Wikimedia Foundation survey will close on '''23 April, 2018 (07:00 UTC)'''. The survey is available in various languages and will take between 20 and 40 minutes. '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_5ABs6WwrDHzAeLr?aud=VAE&prj=we&edc=6&prjedc=we6 Take the survey now.]''' '''If you already took the survey - thank you! We will not bother you again.''' We have designed the survey to make it impossible to identify which users have taken the survey, so we have to send reminders to everyone. To opt-out of future surveys, send an email through EmailUser feature to [[:m:Special:EmailUser/WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]. You can also send any questions you have to this user email. [[m:Community_Engagement_Insights/About_CE_Insights|Learn more about this survey on the project page.]] This survey is hosted by a third-party service and governed by this Wikimedia Foundation [[:foundation:Community_Engagement_Insights_2018_Survey_Privacy_Statement|privacy statement]]. </div> <span class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">[[m:User:WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]</span>, 00:49, 20 Aibreán 2018 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:WMF Surveys@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Engagement_Insights/MassMessages/Lists/2018/we6&oldid=17898672 --> == Ag Fanacht le Godot == Mar eolas dráma eile ar fad ceann Titley, ní aistriúchán é. Ag Fanacht le Godot - teideal an aistr Ghaeilge. [[Úsáideoir:Eomurchadha|Eomurchadha]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Eomurchadha|plé]]) ==DaithíÓ== A Tgcoa táim buíoch gur chuir tú suim i mo chuid altanna agus beagáinín díomách faoin iliomad 'glanadh' a chuir tú leobh. Bhéinn buíoch dá gceartófá iad, diaidh ar ndiaidh más gá, sa chaoi go bhfoghlamóinn. Ní gaeilgeoir gairmiúla mé ach táim ag iarraidh chuir leis an tógra. == Universal Code of Conduct == Hi TGcoa I was asked by Wikimedia Foundation to promote this call for participation on the planned Universal Code of Conduct. Best regards --[[Úsáideoir:Holder|Holder]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Holder|plé]]) 04:29, 14 Lúnasa 2020 (UTC) ''At times, our contributor communities and projects have suffered from a lack of guidelines that can help us together create an environment where free knowledge can be shared safely without fear. ''There has been talk about the need for a global set of conduct rules in different communities over time. Recently, Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees announced a Community Culture Statement, asking for new standards to address harassment and promote inclusivity across projects. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/May_2020_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Healthy_Community_Culture,_Inclusivity,_and_Safe_Spaces] ''The universal code of conduct will be a binding minimum set of standards across all Wikimedia projects, and will apply to all of us, staff and volunteers alike, all around the globe.. It is of great importance that we all participate in expressing our opinions and thoughts about UCoC and its values. We should think about what we want it to cover or include and what it shouldn’t include, and how it may create difficulties or help our groups. ''This is the time to talk about it. Before starting drafting the code of conduct, we would like to hear from you and to solicit the opinions and feedback of your colleagues. ''In order for your voice to be heard, we encourage and invite you to read more about the universal code of conduct (UCoC) [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Universal_Code_of_Conduct] and then write down your opinions or feedback on the discussion page [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Universal_Code_of_Conduct]. To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate the universal code of conduct english main page into your respective local language [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct&language=en&action=page&filter=]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. == We sent you an e-mail == Hello {{PAGENAME}}, Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled "The Community Insights survey is coming!". If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]]. [[Úsáideoir:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Plé úsáideora:MediaWiki message delivery|plé]]) 18:50, 25 Meán Fómhair 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Samuel (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Samuel_(WMF)/Community_Insights_survey/other-languages&oldid=20479295 --> ==Iarratas== Ar féidir leat an gramadach den alt [[Jessica Alba]] a seiceáil le do thoil? [[Úsáideoir:Samalou|Samalou]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Samalou|plé]]) 23:09, 14 Deireadh Fómhair 2020 (UTC) == Tagairtí == 'Tagairtí ... déan "Visual Edit" = > "Cite" = > agus "automatic' - cá? Nílim ábailte sin a fheiceáil nuair a eagraím. [[Úsáideoir:Konli17|Konli17]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Konli17|plé]]) 21:26, 14 Nollaig 2020 (UTC) == Buíochas == GRMA as an eagrathóireacht ar The Man who fell from grace from the sea. Déanaim botúin ach tríd comhoibriú dfhéadfaimís an tógra a brú chun tosaigh. DaithíÓ == Hello, 20th anniversary of the Catalan Wikipedia == Hello, Sorry to write in English, I am a real ignoramus in your language... unfortunately. Then you seem to be doing a great job here, congratulations! I write you this message because we'll be celebrating our Catalan Viquipèdia 20th birthday soon and I would really appreciate having at least one user of your wikipedia saying a few words in your language in a short video, filmed horizontally, congratulating the Catalan Wikipedia. If you can get more people it will be even better and it will help making your language known in the Catalan countries. The time would be around 15 seconds and you are free to say what you want (if the background can be something beautiful of your country (building, monument) it would be just great..) though you would have to finish in Catalan saying "Bon aniversari" and/or "per molts anys". I really hope you will participate! The video has to be sent to viquipedia@wikimedia.cat if possible before February 28th. I hope to hear from you soon! Take real care and have a great week! Claudi/[[Úsáideoir:Capsot|Capsot]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Capsot|plé]]) 22:02, 25 Feabhra 2021 (UTC) ==athrú 983222 le Ériugena (plé) .. an-aisteach ... Bosca Sonraí Leabhar ? ǃ agus an chéad focail "Díolaim" gearrtha ǃ == Mea culpa!. Ní raibh a fhios agam gur bhaineadh "Díolaim" tré thimpist. Caithfidh gur tharla seo nuair a chuir mé Bosca Sonraí Leabhar isteach, caithfidh nár bhruigh mé an spásbharra roimh an eochair iontrála! Cheap mé go mbeadh an Bosca Sonraí Leabhar oiriúnach toisc go mbíonn eagráin de An Guth ar fáil i bhfoirm leabhair...féach http://www.coisceim.ie/an%20guth.html [[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 13:26, 17 Aibreán 2021 (UTC) ==Jeanne d'Arc== Chonaic mé [[Triail Jeanne d'Arc]] inniu. MED (agus mar eolas do gach duine) ba mhaith liom [[Jeanne d'Arc]] a bheith againn mar an chéad alt roghnaithe eile ar an phríomhleathanach. Ma's suim leat, amharc ar an alt úd agus cuir leis. GRMA! [[Úsáideoir:SeoMac|SeoMac]] ([[Plé úsáideora:SeoMac|plé]]) 03:01, 31 Bealtaine 2021 (UTC) Rinne MALA éigin Jeanne d'Arc... measaratha maith ach ta abairtí aisteacha ann chomh maith. Níor léigh mé in iomlan ... an-fhada ǃ .. agus ceartucháin ar bith uaimse faoi láthair. Feicfidh mé an bhfuil an t-am agam faoi cheann cúpla lá. GRMA [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 08:06, 31 Bealtaine 2021 (UTC) == [[Scannal Ann Lovett (1984)]] == Haigh arís. Tá fadhb agam faoin teideal thuas; Scannal Ann Lovett (1984). Úsáideann na vicíonna eile lánainm an cailín bhocht seo - níl aon 'scannal' ceangailte air. Im' thuairim, gur dímheasúil ‘scandal’ a cheangal lena hainm. Cad a cheapann tú? - [[Úsáideoir:Alison|<span style="color:#FF823D;font-family: comic sans ms">'''A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is</font>o</font>n'''</span>]] <sup>[[Plé_úsáideora:Alison|❤]]</sup> 00:51, 2 Feabhra 2022 (UTC) Tá an ceart agat... Rinne mé athsheoladh "Scannal Ann Lovett" => "Ann Lovett" Ná bíodh aon leisce ort athruithe a dhéanamh ar an méid atá scríofa agam, am ar bith ǃ Ní le haon duine ar leith an fhírinne, nó na stíle, ach uaireanta, ni fheicim na teachtaireachtaí ǃ [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 11:40, 2 Feabhra 2022 (UTC) * Sin ar fheabhas. Míle buíoch, a chara :) - [[Úsáideoir:Alison|<span style="color:#FF823D;font-family: comic sans ms">'''A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is</font>o</font>n'''</span>]] <sup>[[Plé_úsáideora:Alison|❤]]</sup> 18:37, 2 Feabhra 2022 (UTC) == Cathracha na Fraince == Haigh arís. An féidir leat an Teimpléad "síol-tir-fr" nó "síol-fr" a úsáid nuair a mbionn tú na ailt Fhraince a nuashonraigh? [https://ga.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midi-Pyrénées&diff=1032022&oldid=1031938&diffmode=source Mar shampla] - míle buíoch! :) - [[Úsáideoir:Alison|<span style="color:#FF823D;font-family: comic sans ms">'''A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is</font>o</font>n'''</span>]] <sup>[[Plé_úsáideora:Alison|❤]]</sup> 23:44, 25 Aibreán 2022 (UTC) *Tá fadhb an-mhór leis na síolta seo... <br> cuireann siad gach alt sa chatagóir "An Fhrainc" ǃ <br> Mar sin, níor léir dúinn an chloch ón gcarraig ǃ <br> Tharla an rud céanna sa tSeapáin ǃ <br><br> Cé a rinne iad ? OK 10 mbliain ó shin ach is féidir linn níos fearr a dhéanamh inniu <br> <br> *Is féidir liom "Síol" a choinneáil ach caithfidh muid na catagóirí cearta a chur isteach, thar aon rud eile, Mar sin, "Frainc" ar bith. , Táimid ar fad ar aon intinn faoi is dócha <br> (Tugadh rátáil an-íseal don Vicipéid vs Wikis eile, toisc na catagóirí an-dona go hiondúil) <br><br> An bfhuil tú in ann eagarthóireacht a dhéanamh ar na teimpléid ... nó inis dom conas é a dhéanamh ? Agus ní cuirfidh tú is dócha an Abhainn Seine sa chatagóir "Frainc" nó "Tíreolaíocht" nuair a mbíonn an chatagóir 'Abhainn' ann is dócha.<br> Tá sé ar intinn agam iad a choinneáil suas go luath. <br> GRMA [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 14:54, 26 Aibreán 2022 (UTC) *OK Feicim conas eagarthóireacht a dhéanamh ar na teimpléid Is fédir liom a thógáil amach... includeonly Catagóir:Síolta tíreolaíochta na Fraince Catagóir:An Fhrainc includeonly agus na Catagóirí cearta a chur istead i ngach alt, OK >? [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 15:06, 26 Aibreán 2022 (UTC) *Nó níos fearr, Síolta tíreolaíochta a fhágáil mar sin agus "An Fhrainc" a thógáil amach ? (ní fheicim aon mhaith is Síolta tíreolaíochta ach níl dochar ann ach an oiread ǃ) [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 17:19, 27 Aibreán 2022 (UTC) :* Ok - tuigimse anois, agus aontaím leat. Tá orainn a lán "cat sorting" agus "stub sorting" le déanamh. Ar aon nós - féach anois. Bhain mé [[:Catagóir:Tír Éigin]] as gach teimpléid síol atá again. Shílim go bhuil na h-ailt I gceart anois - [[Úsáideoir:Alison|<span style="color:#FF823D;font-family: comic sans ms">'''A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is</font>o</font>n'''</span>]] <sup>[[Plé_úsáideora:Alison|❤]]</sup> 01:28, 28 Aibreán 2022 (UTC) == Vicí na mBan == A chara, toisc gur úsáideoir Vicipéide rialta thú, ba mhaith liom tusa a chur ar an eolas maidir le tionscadal nua atá ar siúl. Vicí na mBan, nó WikiWomen, is ainm do. Is comhfhiontar é idir Pobal Éireann Wikimedia, Coláiste Oiriall i Muineachán agus eagraíochtaí Vicipéide agus meánscoileanna sa [[An Fhreaslainn|Fhreaslainn]] agus i d[[Tír na mBascach]]. Le linn na tionscadail seo, beidh muid ag cruthú acmhainní teagaisc ionas go mbeidh daltaí meánscoileanna in ann ailt Vicipéide a scríobh as Gaeilge, as Freaslainnis nó as Bascais faoi mhná iomráiteacha. Beidh na daltaí ag foghlaim faoi Vicipéid ón mí seo chugainn ar aghaidh agus tosóidh siad ag scríobh sa bhliain úr. Tá breis eolais ar fáil as Béarla ar an leathanach Meta: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiWomen_Erasmus%2B_Project. Tá fáilte roimh cheisteanna agus bharúlacha chugamsa ar Vicipéid nó seol r-phost chugainn: wikimediaireland[at]gmail.com. Beidh mé ag cur teachtaireacht ar an halla baile chomh maith, mo leithscéal as crosphostáil a dhéanamh. [[Úsáideoir:Dowlinme|Dowlinme]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Dowlinme|plé]]) 16:54, 28 Deireadh Fómhair 2022 (UTC) == Replaceable fair use == [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|32px|left]] I noticed that you have uploaded several files that are being used under a claim of [[:en:Wikipedia:Non-free content|fair use]]. However, I think that the way it is being used fails the [[:en:Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria|first non-free content criterion]]. This criterion states that files used under claims of fair use may have ''no free equivalent''; in other words, if the file could be adequately covered by a freely-licensed file or by text alone, then it may not be used on Wikipedia. If you believe this file is not replaceable, please edit the relevant file description pages (in the fair-use rationale sections) with a full explanation of why the files are not replaceable. Alternatively, you can also choose to replace this non-free media item by finding freely licensed media of the same subject, [[:en:Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission|requesting that the copyright holder release this (or similar) media under a free license]], or by creating new media yourself (for example, by taking your own photograph of the subject). If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified how these media fully satisfy the non-free content criteria. The "fair use" templates are otherwise not a carte-blanche to upload random or copyrighted images found elsewhere on the internet. If there are no images on other Wikipedia projects (for example the English project), or on Commons, perhaps consider questioning why that is the case. (In many cases it is possible that it is because no free versions are available and non-free images cannot be justified under the criteria.) If you have questions, please ask them at the [[:en:Wikipedia:Media copyright questions|Media copyright questions page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:di-replaceable fair use-notice --> [[Úsáideoir:Guliolopez|Guliolopez]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Guliolopez|plé]]) 02:13, 29 Eanáir 2023 (UTC)<br><br><br><br><br><br> ːOK, thanks for this advice. <br> I see that you write that if I have questions, (and I have lots ǃ), I should go to the Wikipedia English page and ask the there. That said, first you can maybe help me better understand what you are saying.<br> It might be easier if you can take examples and tell me what you would or would not do in certain cases.<br> For example, take the case of John%20L.%20Murray, the judge. I updated the page today and there is no image on Commons. https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._Murray_(breitheamh)<br> Now I am not very motivated to put up a picture of him ... obviously subjects more Gaelach are more motivating. <br> But suppose I want to upload a picture of him.<br> What would be acceptable ?<br> My first port of call is a Google image search and I see there that there are no free licences available. I then go to Bing, and I see that there are images, with several types of free licenses avaialble<br> https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=%22John+L.+Murray%22&qs=n&form=QBIDMH&sp=-1&pq=%22john+l.+murray%22&sc=10-16&cvid=F4F02476E0C64C08A1BEF42C406DE05E&ghsh=0&ghacc=0&first=1&cw=1263&ch=569 <br> I could then crop the image and mention the source.<br> Now first, what type of free licences are acceptable please ? ... there are several types mentioned on Bing.<br> Second, what kind of disclaimer or other information should I put up ?<br> I saw a report comparing the different language Wikipedias, and a major reason why Gaeilge was ranked low was the low number of images compared to other language Wikipedias. Not surprising. given that I am the only person actively uploading images I think. <br> I do wonder if our proximity to English, where the policing of images is very strict, intimidates people writing as Gaeilge, and editors writing eg in Swahili or Catalan are likely to have a more relaxed interpretation of what can be done.<br> <br> Thanks for any enlightenment you can share agus beir bua, Ciarán [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 21:59, 29 Eanáir 2023 (UTC) ::Hi. A few follow-ups. ::* You're still uploading copyrighted/non-free images with a claim that such images is/are the only ones that can be used to "illustrate the subject in question" on the basis that "no free equivalent is available or could be created". In many cases where there are already multiple other free images on Commons already used to do just that. (Like those identifying the subjects and illustrating the articles on [[Sinéad O'Connor]], [[Imshruthú teirmeahailíneach]], etc). Please stop doing this. ::* Apologies, but you didn't tag me in the above (and I didn't "watch" this talk page) and so I didn't see your response. In all honesty I'm not sure I follow your questions. The two main ones seem to be "what type of free licences are acceptable?" and "what kind of disclaimer or other information should I put up". ::::# The first question (acceptable licences) is largely answered in the policies I already linked above. Generally speaking only [[:Commons:Commons:Licensing#Acceptable_licenses|Commons-eligible]] or [[:Commons:COM:PD|Public Domain]] images are appropriate on the project. For example where released by the author (whether you or someone else) under a Commons-compatible a licence or where the image has fallen into the public domain through copyright expiry or whatever. Copyrighted images (like those found on news websites or whatever) can only be used in those very rare circumstances where there truly is no opportunity to take another one (like where the subject is dead and no free or PD images were truly never produced when the subject was alive). ::::# The second question (what tags/info) depends on what licence applies. There are various tags in [[:Catagóir:Clibeanna cóipchirt d'íomhánna]]. If its your own work, and you're releasing it to a Commons licence (like CC3.0), consider using [[:Teimpléad:CC-3.0]]. If its not your own work, apply the tag that matches the author or rights-holder's own copyright claims. If its a non-free/copyrighted image, make 100% sure the FUR claim you are adding "stands up". Because, frankly, many of the FUR tags you've applied don't... ::* "a major reason why Gaeilge was ranked low was the low number of images compared to other language Wikipedias". While I'm not sure what ranking system is being used here or where, but I doubt that the Irish language Wikipedia is improved (on any ranking system) by hosting copyrighted images and using them in a way that do not align with the rights-holders' intentions. Copyright violation isn't an improvement. ::GRMA. [[Úsáideoir:Guliolopez|Guliolopez]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Guliolopez|plé]]) 00:36, 27 Iúil 2023 (UTC) ==Go raibh míle maith agat== Go raibh maith agat as do léirmheasanna. Tá do leathanach próifíle léite agam. Stuif maith agus tá súil agam dul isteach i gcuid de. Gabh mo leithscéal as obair a thabhairt duit. Is é {{ping|Alison}} an locht ar fad nár bhac na Sasanaigh mé a bhacadh nó mé a chosc ar fud an domhain! -- [[User:DeirgeDel|DeirgeDel]]<sup>[[User talk:DeirgeDel| t]]</sup><sub>[[:m:User:DeirgeDel/A|a]]</sub><sup>[[Special:Contributions/DeirgeDel|c]]</sup> 23:14, 6 Aibreán 2023 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello. Can you create the article [[:en:Laacher See]], which is the third most powerful volcano in Europe after Campi Flegrei and Santorini, in Irish Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[Úsáideoir:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Multituberculata|plé]]) 08:43, 2 Meitheamh 2023 (UTC) == Téarmaí scannánaíochta == A chara, Feicim gur chuir tú téarma scannánaíochta uaidh seo isteach mar alt. Cliste. An bhfuil tú chun na cinn eile a chur leis freisin? Déanfaidh mé féin é mura ndéanfaidh tú. Míle b [[Úsáideoir:Eomurchadha|Eomurchadha]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Eomurchadha|plé]]) 15:51, 23 Meitheamh 2023 (UTC) :[[Úsáideoir:Eomurchadha|@Eomurchadha]] go raibh maith agat. :Is féidir leat dul ar aghaidh. Tá na mílte téarma agam a chur isteach, foinsí éagsúla... Beir bua. Ciarán [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 16:12, 23 Meitheamh 2023 (UTC) https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf [[Úsáideoir:Eomurchadha|Eomurchadha]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Eomurchadha|plé]]) 15:51, 23 Meitheamh 2023 (UTC) == Do ríomhphoist / overloading event-article titles == Haigh, a Chiarán, ''Tá fadhbanna éigin le do sheoladh ríomhphoist, agus ní féidir liom a fhreagairt. Ar aon nós ... :)'' (Béarla, mar Béarla agus tá daoine eile a chloisint) Ok - this is about adding dates to article titles related to events or people. I've answered this here and there over the past months, and [https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speisialta:Log?type=move&user=Alison&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B%5D=newusers&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist am adding regular links to my move logs] to clarify, but let's try collate this in one place. It may also need to go to the broader community. First off, adding dates to events can make it more difficult to edit, for example <nowiki>"Sa bhliain 2023, tar éis [[Tuairt eitleáin Yevgeny Prigozhin, 2023|tuairt eitleáin Yevgeny Prigozhin]] [...]"</nowiki> is a pretty regular occurrence. You get to do a *lot* of this when titles are overloaded. Secondly, Wikipedia already has a smart search which can search for events by title and is date-aware because of date categories and Wikidata entries. So we're 'fixing' something that doesn't really need to be. Thirdly - overloading titles where they're one-offs can just lead to confusion. Just my opinion here, mind. Also, please check out the guidelines from the English Wikipedia, which I regularly reference in my move logs. Note that I don't move pages where these don't apply. For example, the [[Craobhchomórtais Lúthchleasaíochta an Domhain, 2023‎|sports article you created today]] ''should'' have the year in it, as these are annual events. * [[:en:Wikipedia:Naming conventions (events)]] - [https://ga.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speisialta:Log&logid=110138 sámpla] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Naming conventions (people)#Disambiguating]] - [https://ga.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speisialta:Log&logid=109513 sámpla] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Naming conventions (royalty and nobility)]] - [https://ga.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speisialta:Log&logid=109532 sámpla] There are other enwiki rules and guidelines. I think part of the problem here is that on our own wiki, we haven't established these but maybe we should. The enwiki folks usually have a really clear and fine-tuned reason for doing what they do. Anyways ... thank you for all you do here - it's immense, and you're way better than I am at content creation. Le meas, - [[Úsáideoir:Alison|<span style="color:#FF823D;font-family: comic sans ms">'''A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is</font>o</font>n'''</span>]] <sup>[[Plé_úsáideora:Alison|plé]]</sup> 11:42, 26 Lúnasa 2023 (UTC) == [[Cogadh Tigray, 2020-2022]] == An cogadh eile ná [[Éirí amach Woyane]] mar [https://ga.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cogadh_Tigray,_2020-2022&diff=prev&oldid=1189140 seo] - féach ar [[:en:Woyane Rebellion]] sa Bhéarla. 'Sé an chúis go bhfuil an teideal [[:en:Tigray War]] sa Bhéarla agus [[:fr:Guerre du Tigré]] sa Fhraincís, srl. - [[Úsáideoir:Alison|<span style="color:#FF823D;font-family: comic sans ms">'''A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is</font>o</font>n'''</span>]] <sup>[[Plé_úsáideora:Alison|plé]]</sup> [[Úsáideoir:Alison|<span style="color:#FF823D;font-family: comic sans ms">'''A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is</font>o</font>n'''</span>]] <sup>[[Plé_úsáideora:Alison|plé]]</sup> 18:51, 3 Samhain 2023 (UTC) :Hi Alison, if you do change titles, can you please leave a redirect at least ... doesn't cost anything ! <p> Why? Because sometimes I use the article in outside media , and quickly after writing the article <br>eg Twitter https://twitter.com/Feilire/status/1720524644065636780/photo/1 <br> and if there is no redirect, my Twitter link doesn't work. <br>THat doesn't happen frequently, but it did here <br> and I hate having to redo a Tweet, all the more so just to update a link (and I might even miss that the link no longer works). <br><br> <p> More generally, we have a different view on titles. "Cogadh Tigray" is bland, and there were other wars and may be more. Someone looking back at this in a few decaades, hopefully, can get a better idea of what the article is about with a year in the title. In this particular case, the Russian and German language articles I think have years in them, but most don't. Of course, can always change article titles some years down the road. <br><br> Take a look at <br> Catagóir:Eachtraí foréigin le linn na dTrioblóidí<br> https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catag%C3%B3ir:Eachtra%C3%AD_for%C3%A9igin_le_linn_na_dTriobl%C3%B3id%C3%AD<br> Here the years are really important in understanding the course of events, ... even for myself, looking back, I find that the year is useful in helping me find the information that I want quickly, as I don't remember easily the details of these events. And I actually consult it fairly often. <br> Thanks and all the best<br> [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 11:59, 4 Samhain 2023 (UTC) :* Hi Ciarán. Ok - will leave redirects, unless they're gross misspellings or something fundamentally wrong. :* I can, to an extent, see your rationale with adding the dates to titles, but it's still overloading them, will still cause problems during editing - which is why they're limited on other wikis as you have to constantly disambiguate and you can't refer to them in a natural way while writing. I can see how handy they can be, though. The fix for this would be to have categories and lists. Check out [[:en: Category:The Troubles (Northern Ireland)-related lists]], particularly stuff like [[:en:List of bombings during the Troubles]], which are all in chronological order. :* Tell you what - I'll build the category tree, and build those lists. That way, it should be super simple for you and for other folks to get an immediate list of all of the major events in chronological order that are currently in categories that aren't indexed by year. I don't mind putting in the work if it'll make article titles more regular. Thoughts? - [[Úsáideoir:Alison|<span style="color:#FF823D;font-family: comic sans ms">'''A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is</font>o</font>n'''</span>]] <sup>[[Plé_úsáideora:Alison|plé]]</sup> 04:25, 6 Samhain 2023 (UTC) ::: OK fine ... let's do that ... thanks for putting in the work. For the Troubles, the chronology of events is very useful for me (the article Na Trioblódí needs to be largely rewritten (Gaeilge agus smaointí aisteacha) and I think best to simplify with a chronology and brief descriptions) [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 20:55, 6 Samhain 2023 (UTC) == Béarla == A chara, níor chóir focal Béarla a chur mar mhíniú le hailt i gcónaí. Ní foclóir é agus is drochnós é gach aon alt a threorú trí lionsa an Bhéarla. Cuireann sé an léitheoir ag smaoineamh ar an mBéarla seachas an míniú Gaeilge a léamh. An éireofá as a leithéid le do thoil? Radharc - sampla amháin. Tá áiteanna áirithe ina bhfuil aistriúchán feiliúnach - logainmneacha mar shampla. [[Úsáideoir:Eomurchadha|Eomurchadha]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Eomurchadha|plé]]) 10:59, 6 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) <br><br> :Tuigim agus tá cuid den cheart agat, cinnte.<br> :Ach tá rud eile a chur san áireamh, atá níos tábhachtaí fós, i mo thuairim féin, agus sin cuardach agus SEO / Optamú Innill Cuardaigh, nó OIC.... chun ábhar ar an Vicipéid a dhéanamh níos so-aimsithe do níos mó daoine. Tá OIC na Vicipéide thar a bheith dona. Tubaisteach ar fad ! ... agus níos measa na seirbhísí eile atá ann as Gaeilge. Ach le cúpla focal i mBéarla, beidh an OIC níos fearr (beagáinín). <br> :Agus fáth eile chun aistriúchán a chur isteach, ceangailte, bíonn daoine ag baint úsáid as Google chun cuardach a dhéanamh trí mheán na Gaeilge, agus gan dabht, cuireann siad focal nó dhó i mBéarla isteach ann (go háirithe mura bhfuil an téarma ar eolas acu).<br> :Beir bua, Ciarán <br>:[[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 14:48, 6 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) B'fhéidir go bhfuil sé sin fíor maidir leis an SEO ach níor chóir na hailt féin a lagú chuige sin. Mar úsáideoir tagaim chuig an suíomh féin agus cuardaím ann - is cuma liom faoin SEO. Is fearr liom ailt Ghaeilge a bheith ann. [[Úsáideoir:Eomurchadha|Eomurchadha]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Eomurchadha|plé]]) 14:09, 7 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) <br> :Bhuel níl muid mar a chéile. Bainim úsáid an t-am go léir as Google chun an Vicipéid, Tuairisc, Nós srl a chuardach. Agus formhór mór na ndaoine ceapaim.<br> :Agus is fearr liom OIC ná SEO !<br> :Má chuireann tú isteach tagairtí agus naisc go leor, i mBéarla go háirithe, beidh "inaimsitheacht" na Vicipéide níos fearr. :Agus mar úsáideoir tagann tú chuig suíomh na Vicipéide tú féin agus cuardaíonn tú an suíomh, agus bheadh cuardach ann níos fearr, níos simplí, má tá catagóirí ann ! ... i bhfad Éireann níos mó i Cymraeg agus teangacha eile. Ceapaim go dtagann a lán daoine chun na Vicipéide ó Wikipedia via na catagóirí, chomh maith le Google srl. :Ach ní bhaineann sé sin le do scéal.<br> :Éist mura bhfuil tú sásta, is féidir an cheist a chur ar Kevin, Alison, Ériugena et al agus déanfaidh muid cinneadh i dteannta a chéile is dócha. <br> :Beir bua. Ciarán [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 22:43, 7 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) ::Aontaím go láidir le hEomurchadha ar an gceist seo. Cuireann na gluaiseanna Béarla i gcéill go bhfuil an Ghaeilge spleách ar an mBéarla. Tá súil agam go bhfuil muid ag fágáil an ré sin inár ndiaidh. Rud chomh dona céanna, cuireann sé i gcéill gurb ionann réimsí céille an fhocail Ghaeilge agus an fhocail Bhéarla, rud nach fíor go minic ::<br/>Luann Eomurchadha logainmneacha mar eisceacht agus thiocfainn leis sin mar a bhaineann sé le logainmneacha dúchasacha a lua le háiteanna a bhfuil ainmneacha Gaelacha acu freisin. Seachas iadsan is é an scéal céanna é dar liom – má bhíonn aistriúchán uaidh úsáideoir baineadh siad úsáid as roghchlár anuas na dteangacha le teacht air sin ::<br/>Maidir leis an OIC, is do na hailt ar ainmfhocail dílse is mó a bheadh tábhacht lena leithéid agus feictear dom nach bhfuil sé go dona faoi láthair mar a bhaineann sé leotha sin. Ná déanaimis dearmad go mbíonn srianta áirithe i bhfeidhm ar thorthaí cuardach nach mbaineann le suáilcí an lgh féin – tugtar pribhléid d'ailt i mBéarla agus ní móide go dtiocfaidh athrú air sin go ceann i bhfad beag beann ar an méid Béarla a chuirtear in ailt Ghaeilge. Ní fiú an tairbhe an dochar ::<br/>Maidir leis na nascanna agus leis na catagóirí, aontaím go huile is go hiomlán leat (a fhad agus nach gcuirtear séimeantaic na Gaeilge as a riocht ar mhaithe le scáthánú a dhéanamh ar Uicí an Bhéarla) – alt dílleachtach alt gan na catagóirí cuí [[Úsáideoir:Taghdtaighde|Taghdtaighde]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Taghdtaighde|plé]]) 23:40, 17 Eanáir 2026 (UTC) :::GRMA.    Céard a cheapann tú / sibh faoi na catagóirí :::"2026 sa teilifís",   agus "2022 sa spás",    2019 sa pholaitíocht"  srl :::Is fearr liom "Cúrsaí teilifíse in 2026" :::Tá cúpla céad alt ann (míle ++ ?) saghas "20BB sa teilifís" agus mar sin de ! :::Is fearr liom :::"Lámhach Thrá Bondi 2025" ná "2025 Lámhach Thrá Bondi" (ach níos éasca alt a aimsiú) :::Tá na dhá theideal ann sa chás sin. Cruthaím "20BB XXX" ar dtús, agus ansin déanaim athrú => "XXX 20BB " [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 16:51, 18 Eanáir 2026 (UTC) ::::Níl tuairim dhiongbháilte agamsa faoi ainmneacha na gcatagóirí sin le bheith fírinneach. Tá sé níos soiléire ó "Cúrsaí teilifíse in 2026" gur eachtraí a tharla sa bhliain sin atá i gceist. D'fhéadfadh sé sin a bheith fóntach agus catagóir eile ar fad a bheith ann m.sh. fochatagóir do chláracha teilifíse a thiteann a scéalta amach sa bhliain chéanna, má bhíonn go leor díobh ann le gur fiú é. Is dócha gurb é an rud is ciallmhaire cloí leis an nós atá i bhfeidhm cheana má tá ::::<br/>Tá mé ag ceapadh ar feadh tamaill anois nár mhiste iarraidh ar an Scanallach nó ar dhuine éigin i Wikimedia bat a chur ag obair le catagóirí rialta mar sin a chruthú agus a chur in eagar, m.sh. le go mbeadh gach catagóir mar "2026 sa spás" laistigh de chatagóir na bliana sin agus "Spás" nó an fhochatagóir chuí, gach bliain laistigh dá deichniúr de bhlianta, gach deichniúr laistigh dá céad... Baineann dua beag éigin le gach uair a bhíonn ar dhuine daonna catagóir mar sin a chruthú nó a fheabhsú agus cheapfainn go bhféadfaí na mílte a réiteach tapa go leor le scriopta. Ba mhór an chabhair é bheith in ann lear mór catagóirí a athrú ar bhonn córasach, nó iarratas a chur isteach lena dhéanamh ar aon nós ::::<br/>Maidir le hainmneacha alt, aontaím leat nár chóir dóibh tosú leis an mbliain inar thit an eachtra amach. Má bhíonn an bhliain ar eolas ag duine, tig leo fiosrú faoi i gcatagóir na bliana sin nó sa bhfochatagóir chuí. Níl a fhios agam an mbíonn an leagan leis an mbliain ag an deireadh cruinn i gcónaí áfach. Seans gur fearr scaití an dáta a chur díreach tar éis ainm briathartha nó rud éigin eile... Is dócha gurb é an bealach is sláine ná an bhliain a chur idir lúibíní ag an deireadh. B'fhéidir nár mhiste tús a chur le snáth sa Halla Baile faoi? Dála an scéil, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect#Category_redirects moltar] gan athdhíriú mar sin a dhéanamh le catagóirí mar gheall go gcuirtear ailt sa chatagóir mícheart más ann dó ::::<br/>I dtaca le logainmneacha i dteanga eile a úsáid chomh maith leis an nGaeilge, is dócha gur mar sin is fearr mar a bhaineann sé le hainmneacha dílse trí chéile – is dócha gur chóir an t-ainm Gaelach a úsáid go ginearálta ach an t-ainm dúchasach a lua freisin idir lúibíní an chéad uair. Tá cásanna go mbíonn leagan Sean- nó Meán-Ghaeilge cuí fiú amháin m.sh. nuair a bhíonn lámhscríbhinn nó sean-téacs áirithe faoi chaibidil is dócha gur chóir cloí leis an litriú atá ann sin, b'fhéidir faoin gcló Iodálach. Táim den tuairim áfach gur ceart leagan nua-Ghaeilge a úsáid nuair a bhíonn comhthéacs níos leithne / idir-théacsúil i gceist (m.sh. Fionn mac Cumhaill beagnach i gcónaí seachas Find srl.). Ar an gceist cad é an leagan cruinn nua-Ghaeilge, sílim nár mhiste nótaí ina thaobh sin a choinneáil ar lch plé an charachtair leis na foinsí éagsúla a chíoradh ::::<br/>Ar ábhar an OIC, níl a fhios agam cé chomh héifeachtach is a bheadh sé seo ach dá mba mhian leat d'fhéadfá eocharfhocail a chur gar do cheann na n-alt i dtrácht HTML mar seo sa chaoi nach bhfeicfear iad: <nowiki><!-- eocharfhocail anseo --></nowiki>. Sílim freisin go mbaineann innill chuardaigh úsáid as Uicíshonraí freisin chun na lgh a rátáil. Bheadh rátáil níos airde ag lgh a bhfuil nasctha le mír Uicíshonraí más ea ::::<br/>Chuir an chaint ar na hinnill chuardaigh ceann an Scanallaigh i gcuimhne dom. Ar an drochuair níor chuala mé faoi [https://cadhan.com/aimsigh/ Aimsigh] agus é fós ar fáil ach tá an chuma ar an scéal gur áis an-úsáideach a bhíodh inti. Bímse ag cuardach [https://www.corpas.ie/ga/ corpas.ie] uaireanta ar an mbealach céanna ach is cosúil nach chuige sin atá sé dírithe agus níl sé chomh fóntach is a bhíodh ó bhain siad na sonraí tagartha de chuid mhaith d'fhormhór na dtorthaí [[Úsáideoir:Taghdtaighde|Taghdtaighde]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Taghdtaighde|plé]]) 23:59, 26 Eanáir 2026 (UTC) == Cillian Murphy == Aitheantas ar stáitse agus ar an scáileán" & "Gradaim agus Ainmniúcháin Ní dóigh liom gur fiú eolas maith a bhí san alt seo a bhaint. Is deacra anois a leithéid a nuashonrú. An gcuirfeá ar ais é ldt? Leasód é. [[Úsáideoir:Eomurchadha|Eomurchadha]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Eomurchadha|plé]]) 11:55, 12 Márta 2024 (UTC) :OK chuir mé ar ais é .... le fírinne, b'fhéidir nach bhfuil mórán ar iarraidh mar bhí sé i bPeaky Blinders 2014-2022. <br><br> :Agus táim ag cur an Béarla anois sna fonótaí anois, a oiread agus is féidir <br><br> :Beir bua, Ciarán :: PS níor scrios mé rud ar bith i gCillian Murphy ... an téacs a bhí sa réamhrá, tá an téacs sin le fáil thíos sna mhíreanna eile Ar fheabhas grma [[Úsáideoir:Eomurchadha|Eomurchadha]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Eomurchadha|plé]]) 12:05, 13 Márta 2024 (UTC) == Athainmniú == A Chiaráin a chara, nuair is gá alt a athainmniú, bíonn sé i bhfad níos fearr an t-alt a bhogadh go dtí an teideal nua, seachas ábhar an ailt a chóipeáil agus a ghreamú isteach — rud a scriosann an stair eagarthóireachta. Mura féidir leat é sin a dhéanamh (m.sh. má tá alt leis an teideal nua ann cheana), fáilte romhat teachtaireacht a chur chugam agus déanfaidh mé an jab! GRMA [[Úsáideoir:Kevin Scannell|kscanne]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Kevin Scannell|plé]]) 21:14, 19 Meán Fómhair 2024 (UTC) :An scéal céanna le [[Feantainil]] inniu. [[Úsáideoir:Kevin Scannell|kscanne]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Kevin Scannell|plé]]) 10:56, 13 Deireadh Fómhair 2024 (UTC) ::Gabh mo leithscéal — bhí an ceann sin ceart go leor. Chonaic mé gur chóipeáil tú an t-ábhar ach chuir tú athdhíriú ina áit. Ná bac liom... go luath ar maidin anseo. [[Úsáideoir:Kevin Scannell|kscanne]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Kevin Scannell|plé]]) 11:00, 13 Deireadh Fómhair 2024 (UTC) == Belfast Grand Central == A TGcoa, The official name of Belfast Grand Central in Irish is STÁISIÚN MÓR LÁRNACH BHÉAL FEIRSTE as stated by Irish Rail. The tearma name is for Belfast Central which was Lanyon Places old name. So can you please use the Offical name Ref to Timetable https://www.irishrail.ie/getmedia/e2b3c3ca-bcde-407b-b9d5-c41bcaf0c373/09-Dublin-Belfast_1.pdf [[Úsáideoir:RooneyDonal21]] <p> : The term given on tearma.ie is "mór" with no embellishment https://www.tearma.ie/q/Belfast%20Grand%20Central%20Station/en/ On the Vicipéid, we try to use standard terms in standard language, and try to stick closely to tearma.ie. Tearma.ie have a committee of experts that consider terms. The "nós" in Irish, and indeed in other European languages in contrast to English, is to use fewer "grand" adjectives that mainly serve as intensifiers. So if something is "mór", it should already be "central". Also it is more natural to put the "MÓR" before "STÁISIÚN", given that the city name comes after. If you think you have a case, you can write to tearma.ie and ask them to reconsider. So for us, tearma.ie is for us a much better reference than any state agency, that might simply have lifted the translation off a machine translator for all we know (yes that does happen!). Beir bua Ciarán {{Síniú in easnamh|TGcoa}} 10:48, 31 Deireadh Fómhair 2024 (UTC) == Glac páirt i gComórtas Scríbhneoireachta Eolaíochta Wiki! == Dia duit a chara! I mí na Samhna seo tá comórtas scríbhneoireachta á reáchtáil againn chun ábhar faoi Mhná san Eolaíocht a fheabhsú ar Vicipéid agus ar Vicipéid. Táimid ag iarraidh ar eagarthóirí cabhrú le hailt faoi Mhná i STEM a fheabhsú, a chruthú agus cur leo. Tá an-áthas orm cuireadh a thabhairt duit a bheith páirteach agus seans a bheith agat duaiseanna a bhuachan! Chun tuilleadh eolais a fháil agus chun d’iontráil a chur leis an tábla cliceáil [[:en:Wikipedia:Wiki_Science_Ireland_Writing_Contest_2024|anseo.]] Míle buíochas, Pobal Éireann Wikimedia [[Úsáideoir:Cailínréalta|Cailínréalta]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Cailínréalta|plé]]) 14:37, 26 Samhain 2024 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello, TGcoa. Can you translate and upload the article about the prominent Turkish economist [[:en:Dani Rodrik]] in Irish Wikipedia? Kindest regards, [[Úsáideoir:Moroike|Moroike]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Moroike|plé]]) 19:40, 17 Nollaig 2024 (UTC) == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:23, 26 Eanáir 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Cuireadh: Cruinniú Pobail – 27ú Bealtaine == A chara, Tá súil agam go bhfuil tú go maith :) Tá Pobal Éireann Wikimedia | Wikimedia Community Ireland ag reáchtáil an chéad chruinniú pobail eile ar líne ar <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Dé Máirt, 27 Bealtaine ag 18:00<nowiki>'''</nowiki>. Ba bhreá linn tú a fheiceáil ann! Is deis é seo do Vicipéidéirí gníomhacha le: * Nuacht agus forbairtí a roinnt * Smaointe nua agus dúshláin a phlé * Vótáil ar an dréacht-Straitéis 2025–2028 <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Sonraí an chruinnithe:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> Ar Google Meet: [https://meet.google.com/mnw-pubq-xyc<nowiki> meet.google.com/mnw-pubq-xyc]</nowiki> Fón: +353 1 571 2001 | PIN: 202 328 238# Is féidir an straitéis a léamh roimh ré anseo: [[commons:File:2025-2030_Strategic_Plan_Wikimedia_Community_Ireland-Draft.pdf|[nascaithe anseo]]] Muna bhfuil tu in ann dul ach ba mhaith leat do thuairim nó moltaí ar an straitéis a thabhairt, seol r-phost chugam ag: <nowiki>'''</nowiki>oifigeach.gaeilge<nowiki>{{@}}</nowiki>wikimedia.ie<nowiki>'''</nowiki> Le gach dea-ghuí, Amy ~ [Úsáideoir:OifigeachWMIE] [[Úsáideoir:OifigeachWMIE|OifigeachWMIE]] ([[Plé úsáideora:OifigeachWMIE|plé]]) 14:18, 23 Bealtaine 2025 (UTC) ======================================================================= <p><br><p> Ba mhaith liom cúpla focal a chur lena bhfuil ráite <br><p> *** AI The elephant in the room today is AI (AI does not figure in the Straitéis at all); why bother with Wikipedia, let alone the Vicipéid, with AI around? I would be interested to see training or presentation material that addresses this and other material. <br>For the Vicipeid, the challenge now is acute. For example, if you want to know what an Eiscir (esker) is as Gaeilge, you are far better off asking ChatGPT today. That will remain the case until Irish language editors go to COGG and reliable sources like leabhair scoile and import massively content that is well written, and Wikify it. <br> => Current Vicipéid editors need to be persuaded to do that rather than starting translations from scratch of ponderous, heavy text on English Wikipedia, or writing on entertainment and sports topics. <br> <p> *** PRESS COVERAGE The Vicipéid highlight of the year so far has been very negative and uninformed press coverage, prompted by a Tuairisc article in January.<br> More generally, I would like to see attempts to go “i ngleic” with the Irish media, in English and Irish…. With interviews and articles, on the radio, TV, and the press. I appreciate that this is a skill and not everyone may know how to go about doing it. <br>For the Vicipéid, it would not be too hard to just rehash some of the positive articles that came out in the press in the mid-2000s and get them placed in written media again today. <br> <p> *** SCOILEANNA For the Vicipéid, I would see collaboration with schools to be just about raising awareness. That supposes that the Vicipéid has decent content to offer school pupils. But in the areas of History and Geography, articles in school textbooks as Gaeilge are generally superior to the Vicipéid (eg the Esker example above). <br> I am very opposed to editing events for schools, or indeed edathons for anyone that doesn’t have good written Gaeilge and is mature. Past contributions from school pupils have yielded far more trouble than value. <br> <p> *** EVENTS I would prefer to see participation in concrete, key, language events such as Oireachtas na Gaeilge, ArdFheis Conradh na G, and Scoileanna and Eigse like Scoil Merriman, that are more likely to have potentially competent editors. I would see “Seachtain na Gaeilge” type events as more about raising awareness of the existence of the Vicipéid vs AI. And the SnaG page on wikimedia.ie has yet to be updated for 2025 (I would have liked to see more concrete information for 2024). <br> <p> *** TRAVEL I would prefer to see resources put into Ireland, not collaboration in editing events abroad. <br> <p> *** Wikimedia Community Ireland “The group meets virtually monthly. Minutes from those meetings can be found …” No update since 2023. I would expect regular attempts to communicate with editors. I would have liked more notice to prepare comments on “dréacht-Straitéis 2025–2028”; I got 4-days notice of the meeting on 27 May 2025. <br> <p> *** Dréacht-Straitéis 2025–2028 I would appreciate * More concrete information and ideas. * At least a recognition of AI in the Straitéis, and some ideas around how technology can help us (references to DCU itself absent from the doc) * There have been requests to prioritise Tuaisceart Éireann for 2 years now. Expecting concrete details. * “Continue to refine resources for educators”. What concretely are these “resources”; what toolkits do we have in mind? Is it possible to see the Wiki Women toolkit? * “leveraging social media to highlight relevant Irish language hashtags”. Any more concrete ideas? <br> <p> [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 13:20, 27 Bealtaine 2025 (UTC) == Bob Vylan == Hello, TGcoa. In the [[Bob Vylan]] article, can you also add this music duo's remarks against the assassinated U.S. political activist [[:en:Charlie Kirk]], during a concert in Amsterdam on 13 September 2025? This is referenced in the [[:simple:Bob Vylan]] article as well in most Bob Vylan Wikipedia articles. Yours sincerely, [[Speisialta:Contributions/&#126;2025-27322-34|&#126;2025-27322-34]] ([[Plé úsáideora:&#126;2025-27322-34|talk]]) 10:18, 1 Deireadh Fómhair 2025 (UTC) == Update request == Hello, TGcoa. Can you rename [[Prionsa Andrew, Diúc Eabhrac]] into [[Andrew Mountbatten Windsor]] (if it exists, into the Irish version)? After all his titles, honours and styles were stripped of him on 30 October 2025, he became plain (Mr.) Andrew Mountbatten Windsor. Here is the official statement from Buckingham Palace: https://www.royal.uk/news-and-activity/2025-10-30/a-statement-from-buckingham-palace Yours sincerely, [[Speisialta:Contributions/&#126;2025-30815-81|&#126;2025-30815-81]] ([[Plé úsáideora:&#126;2025-30815-81|talk]]) 16:11, 1 Samhain 2025 (UTC) :Thank you very much. [[Speisialta:Contributions/&#126;2025-30815-81|&#126;2025-30815-81]] ([[Plé úsáideora:&#126;2025-30815-81|talk]]) 16:44, 1 Samhain 2025 (UTC) Hello, TGcoa. Can you also rename [[Sarah, Bandiúc Eabhrac]] into [[Sarah Ferguson]], for the same reason, because her title became defunct, when Andrew's titles were stripped from him? Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2p7xzz4lvo Yours sincerely, [[Speisialta:Contributions/&#126;2025-32152-52|&#126;2025-32152-52]] ([[Plé úsáideora:&#126;2025-32152-52|talk]]) 06:48, 9 Samhain 2025 (UTC) * {{Déanta}} - [[Úsáideoir:Alison|<span style="color:#FF823D;font-family: comic sans ms">'''A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is</font>o</font>n'''</span>]] <sup>[[Plé_úsáideora:Alison|plé]]</sup> 17:51, 9 Samhain 2025 (UTC) =='Éireannach'== A chara, is ag baint eolais ón alt atá tú má bhaineann tú an focal 'Éireannach' ó na hailt úd mar gheall ar na TDanna. Is fiú é a fhágail ann. Ní Éireannach gach duine a léann an vicipéid. Féach Boris na Breataine, ba lagú ar an alt eolas ar an ait gurb as dó a bhaint. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson Míle buíochas. [[Úsáideoir:Eomurchadha|Eomurchadha]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Eomurchadha|plé]]) 12:14, 21 Eanáir 2026 (UTC) <p> "TD Éireannach" ... an rud is léir don dall a rá amach !?! ... Is aistriúchán ón Bhéarla é. Is fearr "TD as Contae XXX". Ach níl an t-am agam é sin a dhéanamh do gach TD atá ann i láthair na huaire, faraor... de réir a chéile. [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]] ([[Plé úsáideora:TGcoa|plé]]) 22:56, 21 Eanáir 2026 (UTC) == Catagóirí == A chara, feicim go bhfuil tú tar éis cuid mhaith lch a bhaint amach as [[:Catagóir:Iriseoirí Éireannacha]]. Táim ag ceapadh gur de bharr go bhfuileadar i g[[:Catagóir:Iriseoirí Gaeilge]] a rinne ach dul amú atá ann. Ní hionann teanga agus náisiúntacht agus ba chóir go mbeadh gach iriseoir Gaeilge sa chatagóir náisiúntachta chuí freisin agus a mhalairt slí. Baineadh catagóirí eile uaidh lgh ar iomrall freisin [[:Catagóir:Podchraoltóirí Éireannacha]]. [[Úsáideoir:Taghdtaighde|Taghdtaighde]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Taghdtaighde|plé]]) 22:31, 26 Feabhra 2026 (UTC) :Yeah, chonaic mé é sin freisin, agus aontaím - [[Úsáideoir:Alison|<span style="color:#FF823D;font-family: comic sans ms">'''A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is</font>o</font>n'''</span>]] <sup>[[Plé_úsáideora:Alison|plé]]</sup> 23:05, 26 Feabhra 2026 (UTC) == Ár chara, údar an sraith sárlaoich, srl. == Táim bocht túirseach chun na praiseach a ghlanadh, lá ina dhiaidh lá anois. Aon tuairimí? - [[Úsáideoir:Alison|<span style="color:#FF823D;font-family: comic sans ms">'''A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is</font>o</font>n'''</span>]] <sup>[[Plé_úsáideora:Alison|plé]]</sup> 18:19, 8 Márta 2026 (UTC) == : vs ː == B’fhéidir go bhfuil a fhios agat cheana ach cheap me gur cheart dom a insint duit, bhí tú ag úsáid(/tá tú ag úsáid?) ː (IPA length mark) mar : (idirstad) in ailt éagsúla. Tá ː úsaidte mar seo ar do leathanach úsáideora ("siteː.ie") chomh maith. Chonaic mé é i gcúpla alt éagsúil agus is cosúil liom go ndearna tú na heagarthóireachtaí i gceist. Níl a fhios agam má tá tú á úsáid d’aon ghnó nó más botúin é mar nach bhfuil aon difir eadarthu ar do scáileán ach ní thuigim aon dearfacht a bhaineann leis. Mar gheall air seo, briseadh naisc mar a bhí le feiceáil ag [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] (ceartóidh mé an ceann seo anois, féach ar a stair leagan). Dar leis an [https://ga.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=insource%3A%2F%CB%90%2F&title=Speisialta:Search&wprov=acrw1_-1&ns0=1 chuardach seo] a rinne mé, tá 726 alt á úsáid agus measaim gur é an t-idirstád an tsiombail cheart i bhformhór na gcásanna sin. [[Úsáideoir:Saighneánach|Saighneánach]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Saighneánach|plé]]) 02:04, 12 Aibreán 2026 (UTC) == Slí na Vicipéideoirí - tá an leathanach beo! == Cuimhneoidh tú, b'fhéidir, ar an gcruinniú a bhí againn le déanaí faoi fhorbairt Vicipéid - tá an chéad chéim bheo anois! Tá [[Vicipéid:Slí na Vicipéideoirí]] curtha suas agam mar áit lárnach don obair, agus [[Plé Vicipéide:Slí na Vicipéideoirí|leathanach plé]] ann freisin. Ba bhreá liom dá gcuirfeá d'ainm leis an liosta ar an bpríomhleathanach le bheith ar an eolas faoin dul chun cinn, agus tá fáilte romhat aon smaointe a bhí agat ón gcruinniú a chur isteach ar an leathanach plé. Má tá aon cheist agat, nó más maith leat labhairt tuilleadh, is féidir leat teacht orm anseo nó ríomhphost a chur chugam. [[Úsáideoir:Amy Uí Ríordáin|Amy Uí Ríordáin]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Amy Uí Ríordáin|plé]]) 14:40, 13 Lúnasa 2026 (UTC) == Ríomhaireacht, teicneolaíocht agus matamaitic ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge == Haigh, a Chiaráin! Tá mé ag cur le Vicipéid na Gaeilge le déanaí, go háirithe le hailt faoin ríomhaireacht agus faoin teicneolaíocht. Déanaim an chuid is mó de m’eagarthóireacht ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise, agus táim ag iarraidh cur leis an ábhar Gaeilge ar bhealach cúramach. An bhfuil aon ábhair sa réimse seo ar cheart tús áite a thabhairt dóibh, nó aon chomhairle agat maidir le foinsí, téarmaíocht nó stíl na n-alt? Bheinn buíoch as do chuid smaointe! [[Úsáideoir:Sanduíche de Presunto|Sanduíche de Presunto]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Sanduíche de Presunto|plé]]) 12:08, 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2026 (UTC) 31ceqocsdcb9x7mueki6uylo9vp0q4x 0 65037 1330562 1235328 2026-10-24T19:48:06Z TGcoa 21229 1330562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} Ba [[rialtas]] radacach [[Sóisialachas|sóisialach]] agus [[Réabhlóid|réabhlóideach]] é '''Común Pháras''', a rialaigh [[Páras]] ón 18ú Márta go dtí an [[28 Bealtaine]] [[1871]]. Ní raibh an comhlacht tofa i gceannas ar Pháras ach ar feadh dhá mhí. Thit an tóin as faoi dheireadh agus troid sráide fhuilteach ar siúl. Scriosadh roinnt mhór den chathair ag lámhach airtléire. Cuireadh gialla is cimí chun báis go hachomair.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.facebook.com/UCDSchoolofLaw/posts/4198711523486473|teideal=An Commune|údar=Scoil Dlí, COBÁC|dáta=2016|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/10/comun-pharas-1871/|teideal=An Commune|údar=Kerron Ó Luain|dáta=2026-10-23|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Cúlra == D’fhág an [[Réabhlóid Thionsclaíoch]] gur scoilteadh sochaí na [[An Fhrainc|Fraince]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/34-An-Eala%C3%ADn-An-Pholait%C3%ADocht-agus-an-R%C3%A9abhl%C3%B3id.pdf|teideal=CUID V. PÉINTÉIREACHT NA FRAINCE SA 19ú hAOIS DÉAG|údar=forasnagaeilge.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=2020}}</ref> Tháinig [[meánaicme]] shaibhir nua chun cinn ar a dtugtaí an ''bourgeoisie''. Ach lena hais sin, bhí bochtaineacht agus cruatan ann go forleathan i measc an ghnáthphobail. Nuair a rug [[an Phrúis]] bua ar an tír sa [[An Cogadh Franc-Phrúiseach|Chogadh Franc-Phrúiseach]] sa bhliain 1870 thapaigh na hoibrithe an deis chun rialtas réabhlóideach, nó Común, a eagrú chun troid ar son [[Cearta daonna|cearta sóisialta]]. I ndiaidh bhriseadh na hImpire [[Napoleon III]], i mí Mheán Fómhair 1870, thit Dara Impireacht na [[An Fhrainc|Fraince]] go tapa. Ina hionad, d'éirigh [[Troisième République (An Fhrainc)|an Tríú Phoblacht]] chun [[An Cogadh Franc-Phrúiseach|chogadh a fhógairt ar an Phrúis]], a chur Páras faoi [[léigear]] brúidiúil, ar feadh cheithre mhí. Tharraing an cogadh idir léigear agus ghorta ar chathair Pháras. De réir a chéile, bhí doicheall agus míshástacht na n-oibrithe ag dul i méid in imeacht na blianta. [[Íomhá:Barricade du passage Raoul, Boulevard Richard-Lenoir.18 mars 1871. PH4142-173.jpg|clé|mion|177x177px|baracáidí, passage Raoul]] Bhí [[príomhchathair]] na Fraince á chosaint go príomha, ní ag an Arm rialta na Fraince, ach ag trúpaí an Gharda Náisiúnta, a bhí ar an eite chlé. I mí Feabhra na bliana 1871, shínigh [[Adolphe Thiers]], uachtarán na Fraince, sos cogaidh leis [[an Phrúis]]. == Común == [[Íomhá:Barricade place Vendome Commune Paris 1871.jpg|clé|mion|177x177px|baracáidí, Place Vendome]] Thosaigh an Común ar [[18 Márta|18 Márta]] [[1871]]. Mharaigh an Gharda Náisiúnta dhá ghinearál de chuid an Airm ar na lá sin. Bhris réabhlóid amach agus chuaigh fir óga amach ar [[Sráid|shráid]]<nowiki/>eanna [[Cathair (lonnaíocht)|chathair]] Pháras agus thóg siad baracáidí. Ar an 28 Márta, tháinig Común Pháras le chéile mar chomhlacht tofa den chéad uair. [[Íomhá:Cadavres Soldats Federes Commune Paris 1871.jpg|clé|mion|177x177px|Sléacht]] Diúltaigh an comúin glacadh le údarás an rialtais. Thosaigh Arm na Fraince ag cur lucht an chomúin faoi chois, ó [[21 Bealtaine]] [[1871]] amach, "La semaine sanglante" nó "An tSeachtain fhuilteach". Níor mhair an troid i bhfad agus brúdh an réabhlóid faoi chois, gan taise gan trócaire. == Iarmhairtí == Bhí an-tionchar ag na hathchóirithe sóisialta agus polaitiúla a rinneadh le linn an Commune ar ainrialaithe, sóisialaithe agus ina dhiaidh sin cumannaithe, agus iad ag iad ag machnamh ar na ceachtanna a d'fhéadfaí a tharraingt faoi nádúr an stáit, an dlí agus an údaráis pholaitiúil i sochaí iar-réabhlóideach. Bhí tionchar suntasach ag na ndíospóireachtaí faoi na beartais agus toradh an chomúin ar smaointe [[Karl Marx]], a rinne cur síos air mar shampla de "[[Deachtóireacht|dheachtóireacht]] na prólatáireachta". [[Íomhá:Le Dernier Jour de la Commune, Paris 1871.jpg|clé|mion|257x257px|"Le Dernier Jour de la Commune", bolscaireacht ó 1871]] ==Tagairtí== {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:Círéibeacha]] [[Catagóir:Stair na Fraince]] [[Catagóir:Réabhlóidí cumannacha]] tlb0we3yorbnfunryn61641a73vh7bu 0 81971 1330559 1317897 2026-10-24T17:58:09Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1330559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} Lá saoire poiblí [[An Afraic Theas|Afracach Theas]] is ea '''Lá na hOidhreachta''' nó '''Lá an Dúchais''' ('''Usuku Lwamasiko''' sa [[An tSúlúis|tSúlúis]]; '''Erfenisdag''' san [[An Afracáinis|Afracáinis]]) a cheiliúrtar ar [[24 Meán Fómhair]]. Ar an lá seo, spreagtar na hAfraicigh Theas chun a g[[cultúr]] agus éagsúlacht, a g[[Creideamh|creidiúintí]] agus dtraidisiún a cheiliúradh. [[Íomhá:Middle North Battery Simon's Town 9 inch Gun firing 24th September 2014 v2.jpg|clé|mion|Gunna "Middle North Battery", Simon's Town, ar Lá an Dúchais]] == Stair == I gKwaZulu-Natal, tugadh Lá Shaka ar 24ú Meáin Fhómhair, i gcuimhne ar an Rí Súlúis, [[Shaka Zulu|Shaka]].<ref>[http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/za/media-event-detail?oid=407619&sn=Detail&pid=276571&King-Shaka-Day Shaka Day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502142111/http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/za/media-event-detail?oid=407619&sn=Detail&pid=276571&King-Shaka-Day |date=2012-05-02 }}, accessed 5 May 2012</ref> Ba é Shaka Rí Súlúis a d'imir ról tábhachtach in aontacht dreamanna díchosúla Súlúis isteach i náisiún comhtháite. Gach bliain, bailíonn na daoine ag [[Reilig|uaigh]] Rí Shaka chun onóir a thabhairt dó ar an lá seo. Nuair a nochtadh Bille na Laethanta Saoire Poiblí Bille don [[Parlaimint|pharlaimint]] náisiúnta nua [[Daonlathas|daonlathach]] i 1995, ní raibh an 24ú Meáin Fhómhair san áireamh ar an liosta molta laethanta saoire poiblí. Mar thoradh ar an eisiamh seo, rinne Páirtí Saoirse na hInkatha (PSI) agóid. Rinne an pharlaimint agus an PSI socrú agus tugadh ar an lá a theideal láithreach agus aitheantas mar lá saoire poiblí. == Ceiliúradh ar an Lá == [[Íomhá:The Traditional Zulu Dancers in Miss Indoni 2018 Parade in Durban's busiest Street, Dr Pixley ka Seme (Old West) Street. by Sizwe Sibiya.webm|mion|Miss Indoni 2018, Durban ar Lá an Dúchais]]<span>Bíonn go leor nó ''braai'' ([[beárbaiciú]] nó fulach) nó ''braai''the ar siúl timpeall na tíre.<ref>http://braai.com/our-patron-desmond-tutu/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701042223/http://braai.com/our-patron-desmond-tutu/ |date=2017-07-01 }} 'Our Patron, Desmond Tutu</ref> <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6981326.stm BBC NEWS, Tutu praises 'unifying' barbecues]</ref> <ref>http://www.news24.com/Columnists/TOMolefe/National-Braai-Day-a-day-of-forgetting-20140917 'National Braai Day' a day of forgetting; http://africasacountry.com/2013/09/some-of-my-best-friends-are-braaiers/ <nowiki>'Some of my best friends are braaiers''</nowiki></ref> I Hout Bay, bíonn mórshiúl airm agus athléiriú  an chatha a troideadh ann.</span> [[Íomhá:Flags flying on Heritage day at the Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town..jpg|mion|Cape Town ar Lá an Dúchais]] == Féach freisin == * [[Lá na Saoirse san Afraic Theas]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist|30em}} [[Catagóir:An Afraic Theas]] [[Catagóir:Féilte]] [[Catagóir:Oidhreacht chultúrtha]] [[Catagóir:Meán Fómhair]] 1cy1rmoppqqpvk2e18iymnbh6sxrbu7 0 99387 1330563 1321655 2026-10-24T19:50:13Z TGcoa 21229 1330563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Soitheach}} [[Íomhá:Flag of the City of Dublin Steam Packet Company.svg|mion|Bratach, City of Dublin Steam Packet Company]] Bhí an '''RMS (Royal Mail Ship'''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Royal Mail Ship|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Mail_Ship&oldid=1047257493|journal=Wikipedia|date=2021-09-29|language=en}}</ref>''') Leinster''' ina long phaisinéirí agus bád poist ó 1897 go dtí an [[10 Deireadh Fómhair]] [[1918]]. Bhí an long faoi úinéireacht agus á feidhmiú ag Comhlacht Paicéad Gaile, Cathair Bhaile Átha Cliath (City of Dublin Steam Packet Company)ˈ.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.chg.gov.ie/ga/minister-josepha-madigan-t-d-and-the-rt-hon-carwyn-jones-first-minister-of-wales-to-lay-wreaths-on-wednesday-10-october-at-an-official-commemoration-in-dun-laoghaire-in-remembrance-of-all-of-th/|teideal=An tAire Josepha Madigan T.D. agus an Ró-Onórach Carwyn Jones, Céad-Aire na Breataine Bige, le fleisc a leagan ar an gCéadaoin, 10 Deireadh Fómhair, ag searmanas oifigiúil comórtha i nDún Laoghaire i gcuimhne na ndaoine go léir a d’éag i ndiaidh chur go tóin poill Royal Mail Steamer (RMS) Leinster céad bliain ó shin {{!}} An Roinn Cultúir, Oidhreachta agus Gaeltachta|dáta=2019-10-20|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2021-10-10|archivedate=2019-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020172254/https://www.chg.gov.ie/ga/minister-josepha-madigan-t-d-and-the-rt-hon-carwyn-jones-first-minister-of-wales-to-lay-wreaths-on-wednesday-10-october-at-an-official-commemoration-in-dun-laoghaire-in-remembrance-of-all-of-th/}}</ref> Le linn an [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|Chéad Chogadh Domhanda]], ionsaíodh an Leinster agus chuaigh sí go tóin poill i gcúpla nóiméad.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/10/an-tragoid-ba-mho-riamh-i-muir-eireann/|teideal=An tragóid ba mhó riamh i Muir Éireann|údar=Nuala Holloway|dáta=2026-10-23|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-10-24}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Kish Light Dublin Bay.jpg|mion|chuaigh an RMS Leinster thar [[Teach solais|Theach Solais]] na Cise]] == Seirbhís == Bhí RMS Leinster ar cheann de cheithre chomhlong a d’iompair post agus paisnéirí idir "Kingstown" ([[Dún Laoghaire]] inniu) agus [[Caergybi]] (Holyhead) sa [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Bhreatain Bheag]]. Bhí oifig phoist ar gach ceann de na longa (bád poist<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/b%C3%A1d%20poist/ga/|teideal="bád poist"|work=téarma.ie|dátarochtana=2021-10-11}}</ref>) agus rinne foireann ó phríomhoifig shórtála Bhaile Átha Cliath sortáil ar phost ann. Bhí ceithre long sa loingeas agus tugadh ainmneacha na cúigí Éireannacha orthu.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://glasnevin.crossculture.ie/pdfs/%C3%89ire%20agus%20an%20Ch%C3%A9ad%20Chogadh%20Domhanda%20-%20B%C3%A1%20an%20R.M.S.%20Leinster.pdf|teideal=Éire agus an Chéad Chogadh Domhanda - Bá an R.M.S. Leinster|údar=glasnevin.crossculture.ie|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref> == Bá == [[Íomhá:Cochran memorial, Christ Church, Oxton.jpg|mion]] Gnáth-thuras a bhí ann Déardaoin, an [[10 Deireadh Fómhair]] [[1918]]. Díreach roimh a 9 a chlog ar maidin, thug an RMS Leinster faoina turas deireanach ó Ché Carlisle i nDún Laoghaire (Kingstown tráth dá raibh) go [[Caergybi]] (Holyhead) sa [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Bhreatain Bheag]]. Bhí 771 duine ar bord ar a laghad, idir bhaill de chriú na loinge (77), phaisinéirí sibhialta, agus phearsanra míleata agus leighis. Ba bhaill den arm - saighdiúirí, mairnéalaigh, aerfhir agus banaltraí - formhór na bpaisinéirí (timpeall 500). Bhí cuid acu ag filleadh ar an gcogadh tar éis saoire. Bhí fostaithe Oifig an Phoist ann (22 in iomlán) a bhí ag obair sa seomra poist, ag sórtáil litreacha agus pacáistí i gcomhair an chéad chéim eile den turas. Idir 09:30 a.m. agus 09.40 a.m., chuaigh an RMS Leinster thar [[Teach solais|Theach Solais]] na Cise. Go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, 7km ó Kingstown ([[Dún Laoghaire]] inniu) bhuail dhá thoirpéad í. Scaoil [[fomhuireán]] [[Impireacht na Gearmáine|Gearmánach]], UB-123, í.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Éire fo-thoinn (Nemeton) / The Sinking of RMS Leinster 1918|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eC_NdrWRfQM|language=ga|author=TG4|date=2003}}</ref> Scaoil sí trí thoirpéad léi. Taobh istigh de 8 nóiméad, bhí an Leinster imithe go grinneall. [[Íomhá:Leinster90.jpg|mion|Comóradh, 2018]] Cailleadh 564 duine ar a laghad dá toradh.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Events held to mark centenary of RMS Leinster sinking|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2018/1010/1002123-rms_leinster/|date=2018-10-10|language=en}}</ref> Tháinig 207 slán as. Ba í an tubaiste muirí ba mheasa riamh i [[Muir Éireann]], agus an dara tragóid ba mhó i bhfarraigí na hÉireann, tar éis an [[RMS Lusitania (línéar farraige móire)|Lusitania]] sa bhliain 1915.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.tcd.ie/irishfilm/showfilm.php?fid=49594|teideal=Leinster ar TG4|údar=tcd.ie|dáta=2003|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref> === U-Boot === Bhí cogadh síceolaíoch ar bun ag na U-Boot ([[Fomhuireán|fomhuireáin]]) de chuid na [[Impireacht na Gearmáine|Gearmáine]]. Bhí Oberleutnant zur See Robert Ramm (27 mbliana d’aois) i gceannas ar UB123. Seachtain níos déanaí, bhuail UB123 mianach agus m''ar''aíodh an criú go léir. Cailleadh UB-123 agus a chriú de 36 bhall i log mianach sa [[An Mhuir Thuaidh|Mhuir Thuaidh]]. Bhí formhór an chriú naoi déag nó fiche bliain d’aois. == Tionchar == Bhí tionchar forleathan ag tubaiste an RMS Leinster ar an bpobal in Éirinn Deireadh an chogaidh a bhí ann agus cailleadh na beatha go fánach. Agus le linn na mbliana 1918, bhí [[Géarchéim an Fhrithchoinscríofa|bagairt an choinscríofa]] ag dul i bhfeidhm ar an tír. Rinneadh radacú ar mheon na nÉireannach mar sin. Ar an 10 Deireadh Fómhair 2018, d’eisigh [[An Post]] stampa chun céad bliain chur go tóin poill RMS Leinster a chomóradh.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.decadeofcentenaries.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/RMS_Leinster_Booklet_Screen.pdf|teideal=Comóradh Céad Bliain chur go Tóin Poill RMS Leinster|údar=decadeofcentenaries.com|dátarochtana=2021|archivedate=2021-10-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028170751/https://www.decadeofcentenaries.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/RMS_Leinster_Booklet_Screen.pdf}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Géarchéim an Fhrithchoinscríofa]] * [[RMS Carpathia]] * [[RMS Lusitania (línéar farraige móire)|RMS Lusitania]]: Bádh 1198 daoine a bhí ar bord. == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Longa]] [[Catagóir:Eachtraí muirí]] [[Catagóir:An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda]] [[Catagóir:Cúige Laighean]] [[Catagóir:Córas poist Phoblacht na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:1918 in Éirinn]] 4lndk42satjc162ngsr5xutkxflaoay 0 109230 1330586 1305585 2026-10-25T08:58:25Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 Bhí an t-alt bunaidh beagáinín róthanaí don ailgéabar seo, mar sin bhí gá le tuilleadh idirghabhála! Cuireadh samplaí níos dúshlánaí, ríomhanna céim ar chéim, modhanna uimhriúla, léaráidí agus tagairtí breise leis. 1330586 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Algebraic equation notation.svg|mion|deas|alt=Slonn ailgéabrach ina léirítear cumhachtaí, comhéifeachtaí, athróga, oibritheoirí agus téarma tairiseach.|Comhpháirteanna de shlonn ailgéabrach: cumhachtaí, comhéifeachtaí, athróga, oibritheoirí agus téarma tairiseach.]] Sa [[matamaitic]], is cothromóid den fhoirm <math>P(x)=0</math> í '''cothromóid iltéarmach''', nuair is [[iltéarmach]] é <math>P(x)</math>. Úsáidtear an téarma '''cothromóid ailgéabrach''' sa chiall chéanna go minic, cé gur féidir brí níos leithne a bheith leis i gcomhthéacsanna áirithe. Is éard atá i bhfréamh nó i réiteach na cothromóide ná luach den athróg a fhágann go bhfuil an t-iléarmach cothrom le nialas.<ref name="EoM">“[https://encyclopediaofmath.org/wiki/Algebraic_equation Algebraic equation]”, ''Encyclopedia of Mathematics''.</ref> Braitheann líon agus cineál na bhfréamhacha ar chéim na cothromóide, ar réimse na gcomhéifeachtaí agus ar an tacar luachanna a cheadaítear don athróg. Is féidir roinnt cothromóidí a réiteach go cruinn trí fhachtóiriú nó trí fhoirmlí ailgéabracha; i gcásanna eile, úsáidtear modhanna uimhriúla chun neastacháin ar na fréamhacha a ríomh.<ref name="DLMF3">Frank W. J. Olver, Adri B. Olde Daalhuis, Daniel W. Lozier, Barry I. Schneider, Ronald F. Boisvert, Charles W. Clark, Bruce R. Miller agus Bonita V. Saunders (eagarthóirí), ''[https://dlmf.nist.gov/3.8 Digital Library of Mathematical Functions]'', §3.8, “Nonlinear Equations”, National Institute of Standards and Technology.</ref> == Sainmhíniú agus samplaí == Is féidir cothromóid iltéarmach in athróg amháin a scríobh san fhoirm ghinearálta seo: :<math>P(x)=a_nx^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_1x+a_0=0,\qquad a_n\ne0.</math> Is é <math>n</math> céim na cothromóide, is í <math>x</math> an athróg, agus is iad <math>a_0,a_1,\ldots,a_n</math> na comhéifeachtaí. Is é <math>a_n</math> an chomhéifeacht cheannasach, agus is é <math>a_0</math> an téarma tairiseach. Is féidir leis na comhéifeachtaí a bheith ina n-eilimintí de réimse, mar shampla réimse na n-uimhreacha réadacha <math>\mathbb{R}</math> nó réimse na n-uimhreacha coimpléascacha <math>\mathbb{C}</math>.<ref name="EoM" /> Mar shampla, is cothromóid iltéarmach de chéim a cúig í :<math>x^5-3x+1=0.</math> Ní gá gur slánuimhreacha na comhéifeachtaí. Sampla eile is ea :<math>\frac12x^3-\frac34x^2+\frac17=0,</math> ina bhfuil comhéifeachtaí cóimheasta. Is féidir níos mó ná athróg amháin a bheith i gcothromóid iltéarmach freisin. Mar shampla, :<math>y^4+\frac{xy}{2}-\frac{x^3}{3}+xy^2+y^2+\frac17=0.</math> Sa chás seo, is iad <math>x</math> agus <math>y</math> na hathróga. Is é '''céim iomlán''' iltéarmaigh ilathraithigh an tsuim is mó d'easpónaint na n-athróg in aon téarma amháin. Sa sampla thuas, is é ceithre an chéim iomlán, mar tá téarma <math>y^4</math> ann.<ref name="EoM" /> == Céim, fréamhacha agus iolrachas == Is í céim iltéarmaigh neamh-nialasaigh an t-easpónant is mó a bhfuil comhéifeacht neamh-nialasach leis. Is éard is '''fréamh''' iltéarmaigh ann ná luach <math>r</math> a shásaíonn <math>P(r)=0</math>. Dá bhrí sin, má tá <math>P(3)=0</math>, is fréamh de <math>P(x)</math> í an uimhir 3.<ref name="DLMF1">National Institute of Standards and Technology, ''Digital Library of Mathematical Functions'', [https://dlmf.nist.gov/1.11 §1.11, “Zeros of Polynomials”].</ref> [[File:Polynomial roots multiplicity.svg|mion|deas|alt=Graf den fheidhm chiúbach y=x³+2x²−7x+4, a thrasnaíonn an ais chothrománach ag x=−4 agus a theagmhaíonn léi ag x=1.|Graf an iltéarmaigh <math>P(x)=x^3+2x^2-7x+4</math>. Tá fréamh shimplí ag <math>x=-4</math> agus fréamh dhúbailte ag <math>x=1</math>.]] Is féidir iltéarmach a scríobh mar tháirge fachtóirí. Sa sampla thuas, :<math>\begin{aligned} P(x)&=x^3+2x^2-7x+4\\ &=(x+4)(x-1)^2. \end{aligned}</math> Is iad <math>-4</math> agus <math>1</math> na fréamhacha. Tugtar fréamh shimplí ar <math>-4</math>, mar níl ach fachtóir amháin <math>(x+4)</math> ann. Tugtar fréamh dhúbailte ar <math>1</math>, mar tá an fachtóir <math>(x-1)</math> ardaithe go dtí an dara cumhacht. Go ginearálta, is é '''iolrachas''' fréimhe an t-easpónant a bhaineann leis an bhfachtóir líneach comhfhreagrach i bhfachtóiriú an iltéarmaigh.<ref name="DLMF1" /> Sa ghraf, trasnaíonn an cuar an ais chothrománach ag an bhfréamh shimplí <math>x=-4</math>, ach teagmhaíonn sé leis an ais ag an bhfréamh dhúbailte <math>x=1</math> gan í a thrasnú. I gcás fréamhacha réadacha, trasnaíonn an graf an ais de ghnáth nuair atá iolrachas corr ag an bhfréamh; nuair atá iolrachas cothrom aici, teagmhaíonn sé leis an ais gan í a thrasnú.<ref name="DLMF1" /> === Teoirim bhunúsach an ailgéabair === De réir '''theoirim bhunúsach an ailgéabair''', tá <math>n</math> fréamhacha coimpléascacha ag gach iltéarmach de chéim <math>n\geq1</math> a bhfuil comhéifeachtaí coimpléascacha aige, nuair a chuirtear iolrachas na bhfréamhacha san áireamh.<ref name="DLMF1" /> Ní chiallaíonn sé sin gur réaduimhreacha iad na fréamhacha ar fad. Má bhíonn comhéifeachtaí réadacha ag iltéarmach, tagann a chuid fréamhacha coimpléascacha neamhréadacha i mbeirteanna comhchuingeacha. Mar shampla, má tá <math>2+3i</math> ina fhréamh, is fréamh í <math>2-3i</math> freisin, áit a seasann <math>i</math> don uimhir choimpléascach a shásaíonn <math>i^2=-1</math>.<ref name="DLMF1" /> Bíonn fréamh réadach amháin ar a laghad ag gach iltéarmach de chéim chorr a bhfuil comhéifeachtaí réadacha aige. Is é an chúis atá leis sin ná go mbíonn comharthaí an téarma cheannasaigh contrártha nuair a théann an t-athróg i dtreo dearfach agus diúltach na héigríochta. Ós rud é gur feidhm leanúnach í gach feidhm iltéarmach, caithfidh a graf an ais chothrománach a thrasnú in áit éigin.<ref name="DLMF1" /> == Modhanna chun cothromóidí a réiteach == Braitheann an modh is oiriúnaí ar chéim na cothromóide, ar a comhéifeachtaí agus ar an gcineál réitigh atá á lorg. I measc na modhanna coitianta tá fachtóiriú, úsáid foirmlí, roinnt iltéarmach agus modhanna uimhriúla atriallacha.<ref name="EoM" /><ref name="DLMF3" /> === Cothromóidí líneacha === Is éard atá i gcothromóid líneach san athróg <math>x</math> ná cothromóid den fhoirm :<math>ax+b=0,\qquad a\ne0.</math> Trí <math>b</math> a dhealú ón dá thaobh agus an dá thaobh a roinnt ar <math>a</math>, faightear :<math>x=-\frac{b}{a}.</math> Bíonn réiteach uathúil amháin aici nuair atá <math>a\ne0</math> agus nuair a oibrítear i réimse na gcomhéifeachtaí. === Cothromóidí cearnacha === Is éard atá i gcothromóid chearnach ná cothromóid den fhoirm :<math>ax^2+bx+c=0,\qquad a\ne0.</math> Is féidir na fréamhacha a fháil leis an bhfoirmle chearnach: :<math>x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}.</math> Tugtar an '''t-idirdhealaitheoir''' ar an slonn <math>\Delta=b^2-4ac</math>. I gcás comhéifeachtaí réadacha, léiríonn comhartha an idirdhealaitheora líon agus cineál na bhfréamhacha.<ref name="Quad">“[https://encyclopediaofmath.org/wiki/Quadratic_equation Quadratic equation]”, ''Encyclopedia of Mathematics''.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Fréamhacha cothromóide cearnaí de réir an idirdhealaitheora ! Luach <math>\Delta</math> !! Fréamhacha |- | <math>\Delta>0</math> || Dhá fhréamh réadacha éagsúla. |- | <math>\Delta=0</math> || Fréamh réadach dhúbailte amháin. |- | <math>\Delta<0</math> || Dhá fhréamh choimpléascacha comhchuingeacha nach réaduimhreacha iad. |} ==== Sampla ríofa: dhá fhréamh réadacha ==== Smaoinigh ar an gcothromóid :<math>x^2-5x+6=0.</math> Is féidir an t-iléarmach a fhachtóiriú: :<math>x^2-5x+6=(x-2)(x-3).</math> Mar sin, :<math>(x-2)(x-3)=0.</math> Ós rud é nach féidir le hiolrú dhá fhachtóir a bheith cothrom le nialas mura bhfuil ceann amháin acu cothrom le nialas, faightear :<math>x-2=0</math> nó :<math>x-3=0.</math> Dá bhrí sin, is iad na réitigh <math>x=2</math> agus <math>x=3</math>. Is féidir an toradh a dheimhniú leis an bhfoirmle chearnach. Anseo, is iad <math>a=1</math>, <math>b=-5</math> agus <math>c=6</math>. Dá bhrí sin, :<math>\begin{aligned} \Delta&=(-5)^2-4(1)(6)\\ &=25-24\\ &=1. \end{aligned}</math> Mar sin, :<math>\begin{aligned} x&=\frac{5\pm\sqrt{1}}{2}\\ &=\frac{5\pm1}{2}. \end{aligned}</math> Tugann an dá chomhartha <math>x=3</math> agus <math>x=2</math> mar réitigh, rud a dheimhníonn an fachtóiriú.<ref name="Quad" /> ==== Sampla ríofa: fréamhacha coimpléascacha ==== Smaoinigh ar an gcothromóid :<math>x^2-2x+5=0.</math> Is é an t-idirdhealaitheoir :<math>\Delta=(-2)^2-4(1)(5)=-16.</math> Ós rud é go bhfuil sé diúltach, níl aon fhréamh réadach ag an gcothromóid. I réimse na n-uimhreacha coimpléascacha, áfach, faightear :<math>\begin{aligned} x&=\frac{2\pm\sqrt{-16}}{2}\\ &=\frac{2\pm4i}{2}\\ &=1\pm2i. \end{aligned}</math> Mar sin, is iad na fréamhacha <math>1+2i</math> agus <math>1-2i</math>. Léiríonn an sampla seo an difríocht idir réitigh réadacha agus réitigh choimpléascacha. [[File:Quadratic function graph complex roots.svg|mion|deas|alt=Léiriú ar fhréamhacha coimpléascacha cothromóide cearnaí a bhfuil idirdhealaitheoir diúltach aici.|Léiriú geoiméadrach ar fhréamhacha coimpléascacha cothromóide cearnaí. Taispeánann an léaráid an gaol idir graf na feidhme agus na fréamhacha sa phlána coimpléascach.]] === Teoirim na bhfréamhacha cóimheasta === Tá modh úsáideach ann chun fréamhacha cóimheasta cothromóide a aimsiú nuair atá slánuimhreacha sna comhéifeachtaí. De réir '''theoirim na bhfréamhacha cóimheasta''', má tá <math>p/q</math> ina fréamh chóimheasta d'iltéarmach :<math>P(x)=a_nx^n+\cdots+a_1x+a_0,</math> a bhfuil comhéifeachtaí slánuimhreach aige, agus má tá <math>p/q</math> scríofa mar chodán sa bhfoirm is simplí, ní mór do <math>p</math> a bheith ina roinnteoir de <math>a_0</math> agus do <math>q</math> a bheith ina roinnteoir de <math>a_n</math>. Laghdaíonn an teoirim seo líon na bhfréamhacha cóimheasta féideartha atá le tástáil.<ref name="RationalRoots">Eric W. Weisstein, “[https://mathworld.wolfram.com/RationalZeroTheorem.html Rational Zero Theorem]”, ''MathWorld—A Wolfram Web Resource''.</ref> ==== Sampla ríofa: cothromóid chiúbach ==== Glacaimis an chothromóid :<math>2x^3-3x^2-8x+12=0.</math> Ós rud é go bhfuil an téarma tairiseach cothrom le 12 agus an chomhéifeacht cheannasach cothrom le 2, is féidir fréamhacha cóimheasta a chuardach i measc codáin a bhfuil a n-uimhreoir ina roinnteoir de 12 agus a n-ainmneoir ina roinnteoir de 2. Trí <math>x=2</math> a chur san iltéarmach, faightear :<math>\begin{aligned} P(2)&=2(2)^3-3(2)^2-8(2)+12\\ &=16-12-16+12\\ &=0. \end{aligned}</math> Dá bhrí sin, is fréamh é <math>2</math>, agus is fachtóir é <math>(x-2)</math>. Trí roinnt an iltéarmaigh ar an bhfachtóir sin, faightear :<math>2x^3-3x^2-8x+12=(x-2)(2x^2+x-6).</math> Is féidir an fachtóir cearnach a fhachtóiriú arís: :<math>2x^2+x-6=(2x-3)(x+2).</math> Mar sin, is é an fachtóiriú iomlán :<math>2x^3-3x^2-8x+12=(x-2)(2x-3)(x+2).</math> Is iad na trí fhréamh :<math>x=2,\qquad x=\frac32,\qquad x=-2.</math> Is sampla é seo den chaoi ar féidir teoirim na bhfréamhacha cóimheasta agus fachtóiriú a úsáid chun cothromóid chiúbach a réiteach.<ref name="RationalRoots" /> === Foirmlí Vieta === Tá gaol idir fréamhacha iltéarmaigh agus a chomhéifeachtaí. Tugtar '''foirmlí Vieta''' ar na gaolta sin. Má tá fréamhacha <math>r_1,\ldots,r_n</math> ag an iltéarmach :<math>P(x)=a_nx^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_0,</math> agus má chuirtear iolrachas na bhfréamhacha san áireamh, ansin :<math>\begin{aligned} r_1+\cdots+r_n&=-\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n},\\[4pt] \sum_{1\leq i<j\leq n}r_ir_j&=\frac{a_{n-2}}{a_n},\\[4pt] r_1r_2\cdots r_n&=(-1)^n\frac{a_0}{a_n}. \end{aligned}</math> Tá foirmlí comhchosúla ann do shuimeanna na dtáirgí de thrí fhréamh, ceithre fhréamh agus mar sin de.<ref name="DLMF1" /> Sa chothromóid chiúbach a réitíodh thuas, is iad na fréamhacha <math>2</math>, <math>\frac32</math> agus <math>-2</math>. Is féidir na gaolta a sheiceáil: :<math>\begin{aligned} 2+\frac32-2&=\frac32,\\ 2\left(\frac32\right)+2(-2)+\frac32(-2)&=-4,\\ 2\left(\frac32\right)(-2)&=-6. \end{aligned}</math> Tagann na torthaí sin leis na comhéifeachtaí: <math>-(-3)/2=3/2</math>, <math>-8/2=-4</math> agus <math>-12/2=-6</math>. Bíonn foirmlí Vieta úsáideach chun ríomhanna a sheiceáil agus chun airíonna na bhfréamhacha a fhiosrú gan iad go léir a ríomh go díreach.<ref name="DLMF1" /> == Cothromóidí de chéim a trí nó níos airde == Tá modhanna ginearálta ann chun cothromóidí iltéarmacha de chéim a trí agus a ceathair a réiteach trí oibríochtaí uimhríochta agus eastóscadh fréamhacha. Is féidir leis na foirmlí sin a bheith casta, go háirithe i gcás céim a ceathair.<ref name="EoM" /> === Teoirim Abel–Ruffini === I gcás cothromóidí ginearálta de chéim a cúig nó níos airde, níl aon fhoirmle ghinearálta ann a thugann na fréamhacha go léir trí líon críochta d'oibríochtaí suimithe, dealaithe, iolraithe agus roinnte agus eastóscadh fréamhacha amháin. Tá an toradh seo ar cheann de na torthaí ar a dtugtar '''teoirim Abel–Ruffini'''.<ref name="EoM" /> Ní chiallaíonn sé sin nach féidir cothromóid ar leith de chéim a cúig nó níos airde a réiteach go cruinn. Mar shampla, :<math>x^5-x=0</math> is féidir í a fhachtóiriú mar :<math>x(x^4-1)=x(x^2-1)(x^2+1)=0.</math> Dá bhrí sin, is iad na fréamhacha ná <math>0</math>, <math>1</math>, <math>-1</math>, <math>i</math> agus <math>-i</math>. Is í an fhoirmle ghinearálta do gach cothromóid den chéim sin atá in easnamh, ní an fhéidearthacht gach cothromóid shonrach a réiteach go cruinn.<ref name="EoM" /> === Sampla le fréamhacha coimpléascacha: <math>x^4+1=0</math> === Sa chothromóid :<math>x^4+1=0,</math> faightear :<math>x^4=-1.</math> Is féidir <math>-1</math> a scríobh i bhfoirm easpónantúil mar :<math>-1=e^{i(2k+1)\pi},\qquad k\in\mathbb{Z}.</math> Dá bhrí sin, is iad na ceithre fhréamh éagsúla den chothromóid na luachanna a fhaightear nuair atá <math>k=0,1,2,3</math> sa slonn :<math>x_k=e^{i(2k+1)\pi/4},\qquad k=0,1,2,3.</math> Ag baint úsáide as foirmle Euler, is féidir iad a scríobh mar :<math>\frac{1+i}{\sqrt2},\qquad \frac{-1+i}{\sqrt2},\qquad \frac{-1-i}{\sqrt2},\qquad \frac{1-i}{\sqrt2}.</math> Léiríonn an sampla seo gur féidir fréamhacha cruinne a chur in iúl le nodaireacht choimpléascach fiú nuair nach réaduimhreacha iad.<ref name="DLMF1" /> == Réitigh uimhriúla == Nuair nach féidir réiteach cruinn a fháil go héasca, is féidir neastacháin ar fhréamhacha a ríomh go huimhriúil. Úsáideann modhanna atriallacha meastachán reatha chun meastachán níos fearr a ríomh. I measc na modhanna sin tá modh déroinnte agus modh Newton–Raphson.<ref name="DLMF3" /> === Modh Newton–Raphson === Má tá feidhm dhifreáilte <math>f(x)</math> ann, is féidir meastachán nua a ríomh leis an bhfoirmle :<math>x_{k+1}=x_k-\frac{f(x_k)}{f'(x_k)},</math> ar choinníoll nach bhfuil <math>f'(x_k)=0</math>. Déantar an chéim seo arís agus arís eile go dtí go mbíonn an meastachán sách cruinn. I gcás fréimhe simplí agus meastachán tosaigh atá sách gar don fhréamh, is féidir leis an modh teacht le chéile go han-tapa. Ní ráthaítear, áfach, go dtiocfaidh sé le chéile i ngach cás; bíonn tábhacht leis an meastachán tosaigh agus le hiompar na feidhme.<ref name="DLMF3" /> [[File:Newton method scheme.svg|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid den mhodh Newton–Raphson, ina n-úsáidtear tadhlaí chun meastacháin ar fhréamh feidhme a fheabhsú.|Léaráid den mhodh Newton–Raphson. Tugann an áit a dtrasnaíonn tadhlaí an chuar an ais chothrománach an chéad mheastachán eile.]] ==== Sampla ríofa: meastachán ar <math>\sqrt2</math> ==== Is féidir an fhréamh chearnach de 2 a fháil mar fhréamh dhearfach an iltéarmaigh :<math>f(x)=x^2-2.</math> Ós rud é go bhfuil <math>f'(x)=2x</math>, tugann modh Newton an t-athrá :<math>\begin{aligned} x_{k+1} &=x_k-\frac{x_k^2-2}{2x_k}\\ &=\frac12\left(x_k+\frac{2}{x_k}\right), \qquad x_k\ne0. \end{aligned}</math> Má chuirtear <math>x_0=1</math> mar mheastachán tosaigh, faightear na luachanna seo: {| class="wikitable" |+ Meastacháin ar <math>\sqrt2</math> trí mhodh Newton ! Céim !! Luach cruinn an atriallta !! Meastachán deachúlach |- | <math>x_0</math> || <math>1</math> || 1.000000000000 |- | <math>x_1</math> || <math>\frac32</math> || 1.500000000000 |- | <math>x_2</math> || <math>\frac{17}{12}</math> || 1.416666666667 |- | <math>x_3</math> || <math>\frac{577}{408}</math> || 1.414215686275 |- | <math>x_4</math> || <math>\frac{665857}{470832}</math> || 1.414213562375 |} Is é an luach, slánaithe go 12 ionad de dheachúlacha, :<math>\sqrt2\approx1.414213562373.</math> Tar éis ceithre atriall, tá an meastachán <math>x_4</math> an-ghar don fhréamh. Léiríonn sé seo conas is féidir modh uimhriúil a úsáid chun réiteach a mheas go cruinn fiú nuair nach furasta an réiteach a chur in iúl mar chodán simplí de shlánuimhreacha.<ref name="DLMF3" /> == Cothromóidí ilathraitheacha == Is féidir le cothromóid iltéarmach roinnt athróg a chuimsiú. Sa chás sin, is tacar luachanna a shásaíonn an chothromóid an réiteach. Mar shampla, :<math>x^2+y^2=1</math> is cothromóid í a bhfuil líon éigríochta réiteach réadach aici. Sa phlána, is ciorcal a bhfuil a lárphointe ag an mbunphointe agus a gha cothrom le 1 a léiríonn na réitigh sin. Nuair a bhíonn dhá chothromóid nó níos mó le réiteach ag an am céanna, tugtar '''córas cothromóidí iltéarmacha''' air. Mar shampla, smaoinigh ar an gcóras :<math>\begin{cases} x^2+y^2=25,\\ y=3. \end{cases}</math> Trí <math>y=3</math> a chur sa chéad chothromóid, faightear :<math>\begin{aligned} x^2+3^2&=25,\\ x^2&=16,\\ x&=\pm4. \end{aligned}</math> Dá bhrí sin, is iad na réitigh ná na péirí :<math>(x,y)=(4,3)</math> agus :<math>(x,y)=(-4,3).</math> Is iad na pointí sin na pointí trasnaithe idir an ciorcal <math>x^2+y^2=25</math> agus an líne <math>y=3</math>. Bíonn cothromóidí agus córais iltéarmacha tábhachtach san ailgéabar, sa gheoiméadracht ailgéabrach agus i réimsí eile den mhatamaitic.<ref name="EoM" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Ailgéabar]] * [[Cothromóid]] * [[Iltéarmach]] * [[Uimhir réadach]] * [[Uimhir choimpléascach]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Polynomial equations}} [[Catagóir:Iltéarmaigh]] [[Catagóir:Cothromóidí]] okhk4av99rc6pjjb3j704d69if4kuxs 0 111572 1330584 1198465 2026-10-25T08:10:20Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 Bhí an t-alt bunaidh an-ghearr, mar sin bhí gá le beagán idirghabhála! Leathnaíodh é le míniú níos cuimsithí, sampla ríofa, léaráidí agus tagairtí breise. 1330584 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Turing_Machine.png|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid de mheaisín Turing ina bhfuil téip roinnte ina cealla agus meicníocht rialaithe a phróiseálann siombailí.|Léaráid de struchtúr bunúsach meaisín Turing.]] Is samhail mhatamaiticiúil den ríomhaireacht é '''Meaisín Turing'''. Is meaisín teibí é a phróiseálann siombailí ar théip roinnte ina cealla, de réir tacar rialacha sainithe. Úsáidtear an tsamhail i [[ríomheolaíocht|ríomheolaíocht theoiriciúil]] chun staidéar a dhéanamh ar na próisis is féidir a chur i gcrích trí algartam agus ar theorainneacha na ríomhaireachta.<ref name="SEP">Liesbeth De Mol, [https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2025/entries/turing-machine/ “Turing Machines”], ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', eagrán Samhradh 2025, eag. Edward N. Zalta agus Uri Nodelman, Metaphysics Research Lab, Ollscoil Stanford.</ref><ref name="NIST">Paul E. Black (eag.), [https://xlinux.nist.gov/dads/HTML/turingMachine.html “Turing machine”], ''Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures'', National Institute of Standards and Technology, leasaithe 25 Márta 2019.</ref> Ní gá gur gléas fisiciúil é an meaisín féin; is samhail theoiriciúil í a chuireann síos foirmiúil ar ríomhanna céim ar chéim. == Struchtúr agus oibriú == Sa leagan clasaiceach den mheaisín Turing, tá líon críochta staideanna ag an meaisín, aibítir chríochta de shiombailí, téip neamhtheoranta agus ceann léitheoireachta agus scríbhneoireachta. Tá an téip roinnte ina cealla, agus coimeádann gach cill siombail amháin. Cuimsíonn an aibítir siombail bhán freisin, a úsáidtear chun na cealla nach bhfuil aon siombail eile scríofa iontu a léiriú. I bhfoirmíochtaí éagsúla den tsamhail, féadfaidh an téip a bheith neamhtheoranta i dtreo amháin nó sa dá threo.<ref name="SEP" /> I ngach céim den ríomh, braitheann gníomh an mheaisín ar a staid reatha agus ar an tsiombail atá faoin gceann léitheoireachta agus scríbhneoireachta. De réir na rialach a bhaineann leis an staid agus leis an tsiombail sin, scríobhann an meaisín siombail sa chill, bogann sé an ceann ar chlé nó ar dheis agus athraíonn sé a staid. I meaisín cinntitheach, sonraítear go hiomlán an gníomh a leanfaidh as gach péire bailí de staid agus siombail.<ref name="SEP" /> Tosaíonn an ríomh ó staid tosaigh agus ó chumraíocht shonraithe ar an téip. Leanann an meaisín na rialacha go dtí go sroicheann sé staid stad nó go dtagann deireadh leis an ríomh de réir shainmhíniú an mheaisín. D'fhéadfadh an ríomh críochnú tar éis líon críochta céimeanna nó leanúint ar aghaidh gan teorainn. Ní thugann téip neamhtheoranta na samhla le fios go bhfuil cuimhne fhisiciúil éigríochta ar fáil i ríomhaire. == Rialacha agus léiriú foirmiúil == Is féidir rialacha meaisín Turing a léiriú le feidhm aistrithe nó le tábla rialacha. I nodaireacht choitianta, is féidir riail a scríobh mar seo: <code>δ(q, a) = (p, b, R)</code> Ciallaíonn sé seo, má tá an meaisín i staid ''q'' agus má léann sé an tsiombail ''a'', scríobhann sé ''b'' sa chill reatha, bogann sé an ceann céim amháin ar dheis (''R'') agus aistríonn sé go staid ''p''. Léirítear gluaiseacht ar chlé le ''L''. Tá nodaireachtaí eile ann freisin, agus bíonn an sainmhíniú beacht ag brath ar an leagan den tsamhail atá in úsáid.<ref name="SEP" /> [[Íomhá:2-state_3-symbol_Turing_Machine.png|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid staideanna de mheaisín Turing le dhá staid agus trí shiombail.|Léaráid staideanna de mheaisín Turing a úsáideann dhá staid agus trí shiombail. Léiríonn na saigheada na haistrithe idir na staideanna.]] Is féidir na staideanna agus na haistrithe idir iad a léiriú i léaráid staideanna. Léiríonn na nótaí ar na saigheada na coinníollacha faoina dtarlaíonn aistriú agus an gníomh a dhéanann an meaisín. Is féidir le léaráid dá leithéid struchtúr rialacha an mheaisín a dhéanamh níos soiléire ná liosta téacsúil amháin. == Sampla ríofa: uimhir a mhéadú faoi a haon == Is féidir meaisín Turing simplí a chruthú chun uimhir a mhéadú faoi a haon nuair a léirítear an uimhir sa chóras aonadach. Sa chóras sin, léirítear an uimhir 3 mar thrí shiombail `1`, is é sin `111`, agus léirítear an uimhir 4 mar `1111`. Tá dhá staid sa mheaisín samplach seo: `q0`, an staid oibre, agus `qhalt`, an staid stad. Tosaíonn an ceann ar an gcéad siombail den ionchur. Leanann an meaisín ar aghaidh thar gach siombail `1` go dtí go sroicheann sé siombail bhán. Ansin scríobhann sé `1` sa chill bhán agus stadann sé. {| class="wikitable" |+ Rialacha an mheaisín a mhéadaíonn uimhir aonadach faoi a haon ! Staid reatha !! Siombail a léitear !! Siombail a scríobhtar !! Gluaiseacht !! An chéad staid |- | q0 || 1 || 1 || Ar dheis || q0 |- | q0 || □ || 1 || Ar dheis || qhalt |} Sa tábla seo, seasann `□` don tsiombail bhán. Léiríonn an staid `qhalt` go gcríochnaíonn an ríomh. Nuair is é `111` an t-ionchur tosaigh, tarlaíonn na céimeanna seo a leanas. Sa nodaireacht thíos, cuirtear ainm na staide díreach roimh an tsiombail atá á léamh ag an gceann. {| class="wikitable" |+ Céimeanna ríofa ar an ionchur 111 ! Céim !! Cumraíocht na téipe |- | 0 || <code>q0 111□</code> |- | 1 || <code>1 q0 11□</code> |- | 2 || <code>11 q0 1□</code> |- | 3 || <code>111 q0 □</code> |- | 4 || <code>1111 qhalt □</code> |} Ag an tús, tá an ceann ar an gcéad `1`. I ngach ceann de na chéad trí chéim, léann an meaisín `1` agus bogann sé ar dheis gan ábhar na téipe a athrú. Nuair a léann sé an tsiombail bhán, scríobhann sé `1` agus aistríonn sé go `qhalt`. Is é `1111` an toradh, arb ionann é agus an uimhir 4 sa chóras aonadach. Léiríonn an sampla conas is féidir ríomh simplí a shainiú go hiomlán le líon beag rialacha. == Stair == Chuir an matamaiticeoir agus loighceoir [[Alan Turing]] síos ar an tsamhail ina pháipéar ''On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem'', a cuireadh faoi bhráid an chumainn in 1936 agus a foilsíodh sa tréimhse 1936–1937.<ref name="Turing">A. M. Turing, [https://doi.org/10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230 “On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem”], ''Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society'', sraith 2, imleabhar 42, uimhir 1 (1937), lgh. 230–265.</ref><ref name="SEP" /> Bhí sé ag iarraidh sainmhíniú foirmiúil a thabhairt ar ríomh agus ar na nósanna imeachta a d'fhéadfaí a chur i gcrích go meicniúil. Thug Turing ''automatic machines'', nó ''a-machines'', ar na meaisíní teibí a ndearna sé staidéar orthu.<ref name="SEP" /> Tháinig an téarma Béarla ''Turing machine'' chun cinn i léirmheas a scríobh [[Alonzo Church]] ar pháipéar Turing in 1937.<ref name="SEP" /> Bhain Turing leas as an tsamhail chun a chruthú nach raibh nós imeachta ginearálta ann chun an ''Entscheidungsproblem'' a réiteach i ngach cás. Bhain an fhadhb sin le ceist a bhaineann le loighic mhatamaiticiúil: an bhféadfaí modh meicniúil éifeachtach a úsáid chun bailíocht foirmlí i loighic chéad ordaithe a chinneadh i ngach cás? Léirigh torthaí Turing teorainneacha bunúsacha na ríomhaireachta foirmiúla.<ref name="Turing" /><ref name="SEP" /> == Meaisín Turing uilíoch == Is féidir cur síos críochta a dhéanamh ar rialacha meaisín Turing agus an cur síos sin a ionchódú mar shonraí. Is éard is '''meaisín Turing uilíoch''' ann ná meaisín atá in ann cur síos ionchódaithe ar mheaisín Turing eile a léamh agus an ríomh a dhéanfadh an meaisín sin a insamhladh.<ref name="SEP" /> Ciallaíonn sé sin gur féidir le meaisín amháin ríomhanna éagsúla a dhéanamh trí chur síos difriúil ar an meaisín atá le hionsamhlú a thabhairt dó mar ionchur. Tá an smaoineamh sin tábhachtach mar léiríonn sé conas is féidir cur síos ar chlár a léiriú mar shonraí atá á bpróiseáil ag meaisín ginearálta. Is gné bhunúsach den tuiscint theoiriciúil ar ríomhairí ilchuspóireacha é an coincheap seo.<ref name="SEP" /> == Inríomhaireacht agus teorainneacha == Úsáidtear meaisíní Turing chun idirdhealú a dhéanamh idir fadhbanna atá inríofa agus fadhbanna nach féidir a réiteach le haon algartam ginearálta. I gcás fadhb chinnteoireachta, is éard atá i gceist ná an féidir le nós imeachta an freagra ceart a thabhairt do gach ionchur ábhartha agus críochnú i ngach cás.<ref name="SEP" /> Sampla tábhachtach is ea an fhadhb stad. Baineann sí leis an gceist an féidir a chinneadh, do gach meaisín Turing agus ionchur ar leith, an stadfaidh an meaisín tar éis líon críochta céimeanna. Ní féidir le haon algartam ginearálta an cheist sin a fhreagairt i gceart i ngach cás. Léiríonn an toradh seo go bhfuil teorainneacha bunúsacha leis an méid is féidir a ríomh go huathoibríoch.<ref name="SEP" /> Tá baint ag meaisíní Turing leis an tráchtas Church–Turing freisin. Is éard atá sa tráchtas ná an tuairim gur féidir gach ríomh a d'fhéadfaí a chur i gcrích trí nós imeachta meicniúil éifeachtach a shamhaltú le meaisín Turing. Ní teoirim mhatamaiticiúil fhoirmiúil é, toisc go mbraitheann sé ar an gciall a thugtar don choincheap neamhfhoirmiúil de ríomh éifeachtach.<ref name="SEP" /> Tá leaganacha éagsúla den tsamhail ann, lena n-áirítear meaisíní a úsáideann níos mó ná téip amháin. Cé gur féidir leis na leaganacha seo a bheith éagsúil ó thaobh líon na gcéimeanna a theastaíonn uathu chun ríomh áirithe a chríochnú, is féidir leo an tsraith chéanna feidhmeanna inríofa a ríomh faoi na gnáthshainmhínithe.<ref name="SEP" /> == Tábhacht don ríomheolaíocht == Tá meaisíní Turing ar cheann de na samhlacha bunúsacha i [[ríomheolaíocht|ríomheolaíocht theoiriciúil]]. Soláthraíonn siad creat foirmiúil chun algartaim, inríomhaireacht agus [[castacht ríomhaireachtúil]] a anailísiú. Trí phróiseas ríofa a shamhaltú go cruinn, is féidir a chruthú ní hamháin conas is féidir fadhbanna a réiteach, ach freisin cén fáth nach féidir fadhbanna áirithe a réiteach le haon algartam ginearálta.<ref name="SEP" /> Ní gléas fisiciúil é meaisín Turing sa ghnáthchiall, ach uirlis choincheapúil chun airíonna na ríomhaireachta a thuiscint.<ref name="SEP" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Alan Turing]] * [[Algartam]] * [[Ríomheolaíocht]] * [[Castacht ríomhaireachtúil]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Turing machines}} [[Catagóir:Ríomheolaíocht]] j9z5cahp0dpnjfhdid29x330gr39mjo 2 120000 1330549 1330472 2026-10-24T13:35:30Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch */ 1330549 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * ''[[:en:United Nations Climate Change Conference|United Nations Climate Change Conference]]'' - [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * ''[[:en:Convention on Biological Diversity|Convention on Biological Diversity]]'' - [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * ''[[:en:Renewable energy|Renewable energy]]'' - [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] # ''[[:en:Carbon tariff|Carbon tariff]]'' - [[Tairif carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon pricing|Carbon pricing]]'' - [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} [[Íomhá:GUSTAVO-CAMACHO-GONZALEZ-L1060274 (23430273715).jpg | mion | '' Heads of delegations at the [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference]], which established the [[Comhaontú Aeráide Pháras]]]] | date = 1995–inniu | organizers = [[Náisiúin Aontaithe]] }} '' The '''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide''' (Béarla: ''United Nations Climate Change Conferences'') are yearly conferences held in the [[Creat-Choinbhinsiún na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] (CCNAAA). They serve as the [[comhdháil na bpáirtithe]] (COP) to assess progress in dealing with [[athrú aeráide]], and beginning in the mid-1990s, to negotiate the [[Prótacal Kyoto, 1997]] to establish legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]].<ref name=climate-leaders.org /> Starting in 2005 the conferences have also served as the "Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of Parties to the Kyoto Protocol" (CMP);<ref name=adaptation-fund /> also parties to the convention that are not parties to the protocol can participate in protocol-related meetings as observers. From 2011 to 2015, the meetings were used to negotiate the [[Comhaontú Aeráide Pháras]] as part of the [[2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference#Durban Platform|Durban platform]], which created a general path towards [[climate action]].<ref name="Cambridge University Press" /> Any final text of a COP must be agreed by consensus.<ref name=bbc2021 /> '' The first UN Climate Change Conference (COP 1) was held in 1995 in Berlin.<ref name=bmub /><ref name=UNFCCC /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=climate-leaders.org>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.climate-leaders.org/climate-change-resources/india-at-cop-15/unfccc-cop | teideal = What is the UNFCCC & the COP | dáta = 2009 | work = Climate Leaders | foilsitheoir = Lead India | dátarochtana = 5 Nollaig 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090327142028/http://www.climate-leaders.org/climate-change-resources/india-at-cop-15/unfccc-cop | archive-date = 27 March 2009 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=adaptation-fund>[https://www.adaptation-fund.org/keydecisions The Adaptation Fund] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314140152/https://www.adaptation-fund.org/keydecisions |date=14 March 2014 }}. Retrieved 14 March 2014.</ref> <ref name="Cambridge University Press">{{cite book | last1=Jepsen | display-authors=etal | first1=Henrik | title=Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories | publisher=Cambridge University Press | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/negotiating-the-paris-agreement/660C5CB692E6AE32FE9244374CD1EF39 | date=2021 | isbn=9781108886246 | access-date=2022-12-16 | archive-date=2022-12-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210111459/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/negotiating-the-paris-agreement/660C5CB692E6AE32FE9244374CD1EF39 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=bbc2021>{{cite news | dáta = 8 Samhain 2021 | teideal = COP26: Rich countries 'pushing back' on paying for climate loss | teanga = en-GB | work = BBC News | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59206814 | dátarochtana = 8 Samhain 2021 | archive-date=2021-12-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209124113/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59206814 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=bmub>{{cite journal | title=Stages of climate change negotiations | url=http://www.bmub.bund.de/en/topics/climate-energy/climate/international-climate-policy/climate-conferences/chronicle-of-climate-change-conferences/ | journal=Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety | date=27 December 2012 | access-date=15 November 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113134034/http://www.bmub.bund.de/en/topics/climate-energy/climate/international-climate-policy/climate-conferences/chronicle-of-climate-change-conferences/ | archive-date=13 January 2017 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=UNFCCC>{{cite journal | title=More Background on the COP|url=http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6383.php|journal=UNFCC | date=2014 | access-date=15 November 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115111224/http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6383.php | archive-date=15 November 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref> }} == Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch == [[Íomhá:Convention on Biological Diversity logo.svg | mion | xxx]] | type = [[Multilateral treaty|Multilateral]] [[International environmental agreement|environmental agreement]] | context = [[Environmentalism]], [[Biodiversity#Conservation|Biodiversity conservation]] | date_drafted = {{Start date|1992|05|22|df=yes}} | date_signed = 5 June 1992 – 4 June 1993 | location_signed = Rio de Janeiro, Brazil <br /> New York, United States | date_effective = {{Start date|1993|12|29|df=yes}} | condition_effective = Ratification by 30 States '' The '''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch''' (Béarla: ''Convention on Biological Diversity''), known informally as the '''Biodiversity Convention''', is a [[multilateral treaty]]. The Convention has three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity (or [[biodiversity]]); the sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from [[genetic resources]]. Its objective is to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and it is often seen as the key document regarding [[sustainable development]]. The Convention was opened for signature at the [[Earth Summit]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]] on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993. The United States is the only UN member state which has not ratified the Convention.<ref name=vox /> It has two supplementary agreements, the [[Cartagena Protocol]] and [[Nagoya Protocol]]. '' The Cartagena Protocol is an international treaty governing the movements from one country to another of [[living modified organism]]s (LMOs) resulting from modern [[biotechnology]]. It was adopted on 29 January 2000 as a supplementary agreement to the CBD and entered into force on 11 September 2003. '' The Nagoya Protocol is another supplementary agreement to the CBD. It provides a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. The Nagoya Protocol was adopted on 29 October 2010 in [[Nagoya]], Japan, and entered into force on 12 October 2014. '' The Secretariat of the CBD was the focal point of the 2010 [[International Year of Biodiversity]]. Following a recommendation of CBD signatories at Nagoya, the UN declared 2011 to 2020 as the [[United Nations Decade on Biodiversity]] in December 2010. The Convention's ''Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020'', created in 2010, include the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The Aichi Biodiversity Targets were 20 international goals set under the Convention to protect biodiversity, sustainable use of natural resources, and to protect species.<ref name=:3 /> However, countries failed to meet the Aichi Targets as they lacked clarity, were hard to measure, actions were unreported, and there was limited funding.<ref name=:3 /> Low prioritization was given to this matter when compared to other industries like agriculture,<ref name=:3 /> further leading to its ineffectiveness. '' The meetings of the Parties to the Convention are known as Conferences of the Parties (COP), with the first one (COP 1) held in [[Nassau, Bahamas]], in 1994 and the most recent one ([[2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference|COP 16]]) in 2024 in [[Cali]], Colombia.<ref name=undp /> '' In the area of marine and coastal biodiversity CBD's focus at present is to identify Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) in specific ocean locations based on scientific criteria. The aim is to create an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) involving area-based planning and decision-making under UNCLOS to support the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction (BBNJ treaty or [[High Seas Treaty]]).<ref name=ebsas /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=vox>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Jones | ainm = Benji | dáta = 20 Bealtaine 2021 | teideal = Why the US won't join the single most important treaty to protect nature | url=https://www.vox.com/22434172/us-cbd-treaty-biological-diversity-nature-conservation | work = Vox | dátarochtana = 3 Nollaig 2021}}</ref> <ref name=:3>{{cite journal | last=Maney | first=Calum | last2=Guaras | first2=Daniela | last3=Harrison | first3=Jerry | last4=Guizar-Coutiño | first4=Alejandro | last5=Harfoot | first5=Michael B. J. | last6=Hill | first6=Samantha L. L. | last7=Burgess | first7=Neil D. | last8=Sutherland | first8=William | date=2024-04-03 | title=National commitments to Aichi Targets and their implications for monitoring the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s44185-024-00039-5 | journal=npj Biodiversity | language=en | volume=3 | issue=1 | pages=6 | doi=10.1038/s44185-024-00039-5 | doi-access=free | issn=2731-4243}}</ref> <ref name=undp>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Convention on Biological Diversity | url = https://www.undp.org/events/UN-CBD-COP16 | dátarochtana = 2024-11-07 | work = undp.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=ebsas>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = Convention on Biological Diversity | teideal = Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) | url = https://www.cbd.int/ebsa/about|website=CBD | dátarochtana = 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2023}}</ref> }} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ nq6b6uk1dqtjerla7vqzh6w1iga3pk5 1330553 1330549 2026-10-24T13:49:19Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch */ 1330553 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * ''[[:en:United Nations Climate Change Conference|United Nations Climate Change Conference]]'' - [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * ''[[:en:Convention on Biological Diversity|Convention on Biological Diversity]]'' - [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * ''[[:en:Renewable energy|Renewable energy]]'' - [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] # ''[[:en:Carbon tariff|Carbon tariff]]'' - [[Tairif carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon pricing|Carbon pricing]]'' - [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} [[Íomhá:GUSTAVO-CAMACHO-GONZALEZ-L1060274 (23430273715).jpg | mion | '' Heads of delegations at the [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference]], which established the [[Comhaontú Aeráide Pháras]]]] | date = 1995–inniu | organizers = [[Náisiúin Aontaithe]] }} '' The '''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide''' (Béarla: ''United Nations Climate Change Conferences'') are yearly conferences held in the [[Creat-Choinbhinsiún na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] (CCNAAA). They serve as the [[comhdháil na bpáirtithe]] (COP) to assess progress in dealing with [[athrú aeráide]], and beginning in the mid-1990s, to negotiate the [[Prótacal Kyoto, 1997]] to establish legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]].<ref name=climate-leaders.org /> Starting in 2005 the conferences have also served as the "Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of Parties to the Kyoto Protocol" (CMP);<ref name=adaptation-fund /> also parties to the convention that are not parties to the protocol can participate in protocol-related meetings as observers. From 2011 to 2015, the meetings were used to negotiate the [[Comhaontú Aeráide Pháras]] as part of the [[2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference#Durban Platform|Durban platform]], which created a general path towards [[climate action]].<ref name="Cambridge University Press" /> Any final text of a COP must be agreed by consensus.<ref name=bbc2021 /> '' The first UN Climate Change Conference (COP 1) was held in 1995 in Berlin.<ref name=bmub /><ref name=UNFCCC /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=climate-leaders.org>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.climate-leaders.org/climate-change-resources/india-at-cop-15/unfccc-cop | teideal = What is the UNFCCC & the COP | dáta = 2009 | work = Climate Leaders | foilsitheoir = Lead India | dátarochtana = 5 Nollaig 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090327142028/http://www.climate-leaders.org/climate-change-resources/india-at-cop-15/unfccc-cop | archive-date = 27 March 2009 | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name=adaptation-fund>[https://www.adaptation-fund.org/keydecisions The Adaptation Fund] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314140152/https://www.adaptation-fund.org/keydecisions |date=14 March 2014 }}. Retrieved 14 March 2014.</ref> <ref name="Cambridge University Press">{{cite book | last1=Jepsen | display-authors=etal | first1=Henrik | title=Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories | publisher=Cambridge University Press | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/negotiating-the-paris-agreement/660C5CB692E6AE32FE9244374CD1EF39 | date=2021 | isbn=9781108886246 | access-date=2022-12-16 | archive-date=2022-12-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210111459/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/negotiating-the-paris-agreement/660C5CB692E6AE32FE9244374CD1EF39 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=bbc2021>{{cite news | dáta = 8 Samhain 2021 | teideal = COP26: Rich countries 'pushing back' on paying for climate loss | teanga = en-GB | work = BBC News | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59206814 | dátarochtana = 8 Samhain 2021 | archive-date=2021-12-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209124113/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59206814 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=bmub>{{cite journal | title=Stages of climate change negotiations | url=http://www.bmub.bund.de/en/topics/climate-energy/climate/international-climate-policy/climate-conferences/chronicle-of-climate-change-conferences/ | journal=Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety | date=27 December 2012 | access-date=15 November 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113134034/http://www.bmub.bund.de/en/topics/climate-energy/climate/international-climate-policy/climate-conferences/chronicle-of-climate-change-conferences/ | archive-date=13 January 2017 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=UNFCCC>{{cite journal | title=More Background on the COP|url=http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6383.php|journal=UNFCC | date=2014 | access-date=15 November 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115111224/http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6383.php | archive-date=15 November 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref> }} == Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch == [[Íomhá:Convention on Biological Diversity logo.svg | mion | xxx]] | type = [[Multilateral treaty|Multilateral]] [[International environmental agreement|environmental agreement]] | context = [[Environmentalism]], [[Biodiversity#Conservation|Biodiversity conservation]] | date_drafted = {{Start date|1992|05|22|df=yes}} | date_signed = 5 June 1992 – 4 June 1993 | location_signed = Rio de Janeiro, Brazil <br /> New York, United States | date_effective = {{Start date|1993|12|29|df=yes}} | condition_effective = Ratification by 30 States '' The '''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch''' (Béarla: ''Convention on Biological Diversity''), known informally as the '''Biodiversity Convention''', is a [[multilateral treaty]]. The Convention has three main goals: the conservation [[bithéagsúlacht]]; the sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from [[genetic resources]]. Its objective is to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and it is often seen as the key document regarding [[forbairt inbhuanaithe]]. The Convention was opened for signature at the [[Cruinniú Mullaigh na Cruinne 1992 i Rio de Janeiro|Cruinniú Mullaigh na Cruinne]] i [[Rio de Janeiro]] ar an 5 Meitheamh 1992 and entered into force ar an 29 Nollaig 1993. The United States is the only UN member state which has not ratified the Convention.<ref name=vox /> It has two supplementary agreements, the [[Cartagena Protocol]] agus [[Nagoya Protocol]]. '' The Cartagena Protocol is an international treaty governing the movements from one country to another of [[Orgánach géinmhodhnaithe]]s (OGM) resulting from modern [[bith-theicneolaíocht]]. It was adopted on 29 Eanáir 2000 as a supplementary agreement to the CBD and entered into force on 11 Meán Fómhair 2003. '' The Nagoya Protocol is another supplementary agreement to the CBD. It provides a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. The Nagoya Protocol was adopted on 29 October 2010 in [[Nagoya]], Japan, and entered into force on 12 October 2014. '' The Secretariat of the CBD was the focal point of the 2010 [[International Year of Biodiversity]]. Following a recommendation of CBD signatories at Nagoya, the UN declared 2011 to 2020 as the [[United Nations Decade on Biodiversity]] in December 2010. The Convention's ''Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020'', created in 2010, include the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The Aichi Biodiversity Targets were 20 international goals set under the Convention to protect biodiversity, sustainable use of natural resources, and to protect species.<ref name=:3 /> However, countries failed to meet the Aichi Targets as they lacked clarity, were hard to measure, actions were unreported, and there was limited funding.<ref name=:3 /> Low prioritization was given to this matter when compared to other industries like agriculture,<ref name=:3 /> further leading to its ineffectiveness. '' The meetings of the Parties to the Convention are known as Conferences of the Parties (COP), with the first one (COP 1) held in [[Nassau, Bahamas]], in 1994 and the most recent one ([[2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference|COP 16]]) in 2024 in [[Cali]], Colombia.<ref name=undp /> '' In the area of marine and coastal biodiversity CBD's focus at present is to identify Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) in specific ocean locations based on scientific criteria. The aim is to create an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) involving area-based planning and decision-making under UNCLOS to support the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction (BBNJ treaty or [[High Seas Treaty]]).<ref name=ebsas /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=vox>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Jones | ainm = Benji | dáta = 20 Bealtaine 2021 | teideal = Why the US won't join the single most important treaty to protect nature | url=https://www.vox.com/22434172/us-cbd-treaty-biological-diversity-nature-conservation | work = Vox | dátarochtana = 3 Nollaig 2021}}</ref> <ref name=:3>{{cite journal | last=Maney | first=Calum | last2=Guaras | first2=Daniela | last3=Harrison | first3=Jerry | last4=Guizar-Coutiño | first4=Alejandro | last5=Harfoot | first5=Michael B. J. | last6=Hill | first6=Samantha L. L. | last7=Burgess | first7=Neil D. | last8=Sutherland | first8=William | date=2024-04-03 | title=National commitments to Aichi Targets and their implications for monitoring the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s44185-024-00039-5 | journal=npj Biodiversity | language=en | volume=3 | issue=1 | pages=6 | doi=10.1038/s44185-024-00039-5 | doi-access=free | issn=2731-4243}}</ref> <ref name=undp>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Convention on Biological Diversity | url = https://www.undp.org/events/UN-CBD-COP16 | dátarochtana = 2024-11-07 | work = undp.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=ebsas>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = Convention on Biological Diversity | teideal = Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) | url = https://www.cbd.int/ebsa/about|website=CBD | dátarochtana = 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2023}}</ref> }} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ ch1a25jyvf039ad5sln14a5meivirho 2 120719 1330545 1328987 2026-10-24T12:06:04Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1330545 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[Ballstát den Aontas Eorpach]] {{Wikidata list | SPARQL = SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?amTosaigh ?amDeiridh ?oti ?otiDáta { ?item wdt:P463 wd:Q458; # cuid de AE wdt:P31 wd:Q6256; # sample de tír p:P463 ?ballRts. ?ballRts ps:P463 wd:Q458. OPTIONAL { ?ballRts pq:P580 ?amTosaigh } OPTIONAL { ?ballRts pq:P582 ?amDeiridh } # fo-iarratas le haghaidh OTI leis an dáta is déanaí is déanaí { SELECT ?item (MAX(?dáta) AS ?uasDáta) WHERE { ?item p:P2131 ?otiRts. ?otiRts pq:P585 ?dáta. } GROUP BY ?item } # OTI le dáta is déanaí ?item p:P2131 ?otiRts. ?otiRts ps:P2131 ?oti; pq:P585 ?otiDáta. FILTER(?otiDáta = ?uasDáta) # label service SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "ga, en". } } ORDER BY DESC(?itemLabel) | columns = number:#, item:Qid, P297:Cód, label:Tír, ?amTosaigh:Am tosaigh, ?amDeiridh:Am deiridh, P1082:Daonra, P2046:Achar, P38:Airgeadra, ?oti:OTI, ?otiDáta:Dáta OTI, P1081:IFD, P37:Teanga }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! Qid ! Cód ! Tír ! Am tosaigh ! Am deiridh ! Daonra ! Achar ! Airgeadra ! OTI ! Dáta OTI ! IFD ! Teanga |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[:d:Q27|Q27]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IE IE] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] | 1973-01-01 | | 5149139 | 69797 km² | [[Euro]] | 529244870223 | 2022-01-01 | 0.945 | [[an Ghaeilge]]<br/>[[An Béarla|Béarla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[:d:Q55|Q55]] | | [[an Ísiltír]] | 1957-03-25 | | 17942942 | 37378 km² | [[Euro]] | 991114635529 | 2022-01-01 | 0.931 | [[an Ollainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[:d:Q34|Q34]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SE SE] | [[an tSualainn]] | 1995-01-01 | | 10609460 | 447425.16 km² | ''[[:d:Q122922|krona na Sualainne]]'' | 585939170124 | 2022-01-01 | 0.947 | [[an tSualainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[:d:Q214|Q214]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SK SK] | [[an tSlóvaic]] | 2004-05-01 | | 5409407 | 49033.720839 km² | [[Euro]] | 115468803972 | 2022-01-01 | 0.848 | [[an tSlóvaicis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[:d:Q215|Q215]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SI SI] | [[an tSlóivéin]] | 2004-05-01 | | 2066880 | 20271 km² | [[Euro]] | 62117768015 | 2022-01-01 | 0.918 | [[an tSlóivéinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[:d:Q213|Q213]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:CZ CZ] | [[An tSeic|an tSeicia]] | 2004-05-01 | | 10909500 | 78871 km² | ''[[:d:Q131016|koruna na Seice]]'' | 250681000000 | 2019-01-01 | 0.889 | [[an tSeicis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[:d:Q28|Q28]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:HU HU] | [[an Ungáir]] | 2004-05-01 | | 9603634 | 93011.4 km² | ''[[:d:Q47190|forint na hUngáire]]'' | 181848022230 | 2021-01-01 | 0.846 | [[an Ungáiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[:d:Q29|Q29]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:ES ES] | [[an Spáinn]] | 1986-01-01 | | 48592909 | 505990 km² | [[Euro]] | 1397509272054 | 2022-01-01 | 0.905 | [[an Spáinnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[:d:Q218|Q218]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:RO RO] | [[an Rómáin]] | 2007-01-01 | | 19053815 | 238397 km² | ''[[:d:Q131645|leu na Rómáine]]'' | 301261582924 | 2022-01-01 | 0.821 | [[an Rómáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[:d:Q145|Q145]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:GB GB] | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]] | 1973-01-01 | 2020-01-31 | 67326569 | 242495 km² | [[punt steirling]] | 3070667732359 | 2022-01-01 | 0.929 | [[An Béarla|Béarla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[:d:Q45|Q45]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:PT PT] | [[an Phortaingéil]] | 1986-01-01 | | 10347892 | 92225 km² | [[Euro]] | 251945377529 | 2022-01-01 | 0.866 | [[an Phortaingéilis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[:d:Q36|Q36]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:PL PL] | [[an Pholainn]] | 2004-05-01 | | 37563071 | 312683 km² | ''[[:d:Q123213|złoty]]'' | 688176605955 | 2022-01-01 | 0.906 am ar leith | [[an Pholainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[:d:Q40|Q40]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:AT AT] | [[an Ostair]] | 1995-01-01 | | 8979894 | 83878.99 km² | [[Euro]] | 511685203845 | 2023-01-01 | 0.916 | [[an Ghearmáinis]]<br/>''[[:d:Q36668|teanga chomharthaíochta na hOstaire]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[:d:Q37|Q37]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LT LT] | [[an Liotuáin]] | 2004-05-01 | | 2860002 | 65300 km² | [[Euro]] | 70334299008 | 2022-01-01 | 0.875 | [[an Liotuáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[:d:Q211|Q211]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LV LV] | [[an Laitvia]] | 2004-05-01 | | 1845096 | 64593.77 km²<br/>61760.39 km² | [[Euro]] | 41153912663 | 2022-01-01 | 0.863 | [[an Laitvis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[:d:Q38|Q38]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IT IT] | [[an Iodáil]] | 1957-03-25 | | 58850717 | 302068 km² | [[Euro]] | 2010431598465 | 2022-01-01 | 0.895 | [[an Iodáilis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[:d:Q41|Q41]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:GR GR] | [[an Ghréig]] | 1981-01-01 | | 10482487 | 131957 km² | [[Euro]] | 219065872466 | 2022-01-01 | 0.887 | [[an Ghréigis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[:d:Q183|Q183]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:DE DE] | [[an Ghearmáin]] | 1958-01-01 | | 83467117 | 357587.77 km² | [[Euro]] | 4121200000000 | 2023-01-01 | 0.942 | [[an Ghearmáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[:d:Q142|Q142]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FR FR] | [[an Fhrainc]] | 1957-03-25 | | 68605616 | 643801 km² | [[Euro]]<br/>''[[:d:Q214393|franc CFP]]'' | 2782905325625 | 2022-01-01 | 0.903 | [[an Fhraincis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[:d:Q33|Q33]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FI FI] | [[an Fhionlainn]] | 1995-01-01 | | 5652881 | 338478.34 km² | [[Euro]] | 280825957768 | 2022-01-01 | 0.94 | [[an Fhionlainnis]]<br/>[[an tSualainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[:d:Q191|Q191]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:EE EE] | [[an Eastóin]] | 2004-05-01 | | 1369995 | 45335 km² | [[Euro]] | 38100812959 | 2022-01-01 | 0.89 | [[an Eastóinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[:d:Q35|Q35]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:DK DK] | [[an Danmhairg]] | 1973-01-01 | | 5822863 | 42925.46 km² | ''[[:d:Q25417|krone na Danmhairge]]'' | 395403906582 | 2022-01-01 | 0.929 | [[an Danmhairgis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[:d:Q224|Q224]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:HR HR] | [[an Chróit]] | 2013-07-01 | | 3871833 | 56594 km² | [[Euro]] | 70964606465 | 2022-01-01 | 0.858 | [[an Chróitis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[:d:Q229|Q229]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:CY CY] | [[an Chipir]] | 2004-05-01 | | 1344976 | 9242.45 km² | [[Euro]] | 28439052741 | 2022-01-01 | 0.896 | ''[[:d:Q36510|an Nua-Ghréigis]]''<br/>[[an Tuircis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[:d:Q219|Q219]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BG BG] | [[an Bhulgáir]] | 2007-01-01 | | 6423207 | 110993.6 km² | [[Euro]] | 102407653020 | 2023-01-01 | 0.799 | [[an Bhulgáiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[:d:Q31|Q31]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BE BE] | [[an Bheilg]] | 1957-03-25 | | 11825551 | 30688 km² | [[Euro]] | 644782756682 | 2023-01-01 | 0.937 | [[an Ollainnis]]<br/>[[an Fhraincis]]<br/>[[an Ghearmáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[:d:Q233|Q233]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:MT MT] | [[Málta]] | 2004-05-01 | | 553214 | 316 km² | [[Euro]] | 17765270015 | 2022-01-01 | 0.918 | [[an Mháltais]]<br/>[[An Béarla|Béarla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[:d:Q32|Q32]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LU LU] | [[Lucsamburg]] | 1957-03-25 | | 690959 | 2593.05 km² | [[Euro]] | 82274812251 | 2022-01-01 | 0.93 | [[an Lucsambuirgis]]<br/>[[an Fhraincis]]<br/>[[an Ghearmáinis]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 7cq3c7yx2rt37wvugzionm5m4unvnaf 0 120737 1330585 1329078 2026-10-25T08:39:05Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1330585 wikitext text/x-wiki <imagemap>File:2020 EU MAP.svg | 250px | thumb | lang=ga | Léarscáil (inchliceáilte) den AE poly 261 28 273 39 279 59 284 61 286 66 271 97 275 105 275 116 284 122 308 111 320 83 308 75 310 71 302 60 305 54 297 46 298 36 290 32 291 16 282 16 277 22 280 28 275 33 270 32 264 26 [[An Fhionlainn]] poly 260 29 259 38 252 37 252 42 248 41 244 54 238 64 238 72 235 77 237 83 226 83 223 100 227 106 230 111 227 115 229 121 223 127 220 141 229 160 227 163 231 173 238 171 238 168 242 164 250 164 254 135 261 130 262 117 252 115 257 93 270 83 271 66 279 59 273 39 [[an tSualainn]] poly 312 142 307 131 311 123 294 123 279 132 280 142 290 137 295 138 304 141 [[an Eastóin]] poly 310 164 319 155 318 148 313 142 295 140 298 153 288 149 282 142 277 161 295 158 [[an Laitvia]] poly 288 180 295 184 301 184 309 178 307 170 312 168 308 162 294 157 279 161 279 174 289 174 [[an Liotuáin]] poly 300 198 294 182 290 180 270 183 265 184 264 179 250 182 248 186 238 190 238 197 234 199 239 203 241 223 249 225 251 229 255 226 261 230 265 232 268 235 270 237 273 235 276 240 281 237 283 237 289 236 296 242 297 239 297 234 301 223 305 222 304 217 301 214 296 201 [[an Pholainn]] poly 254 250 257 245 261 244 269 236 272 235 276 240 279 238 289 235 297 243 274 250 269 253 269 257 259 254 [[an tSlóvaic]] poly 299 251 291 245 270 252 269 257 258 252 249 268 254 271 260 279 268 278 275 274 290 272 294 258 [[an Ungáir]] poly 355 291 354 280 361 274 355 269 349 272 346 270 343 259 332 248 330 243 328 242 324 247 314 250 312 248 301 250 294 255 292 265 288 271 282 274 288 281 293 284 293 288 296 290 302 287 301 291 308 294 308 297 317 297 322 297 329 295 339 287 347 288 [[an Rómáin]] poly 309 327 312 322 309 318 305 316 305 310 308 305 302 298 304 294 309 295 310 298 328 297 340 287 354 291 350 297 352 301 348 304 355 309 348 314 347 311 340 316 339 317 339 321 329 324 323 321 316 325 [[an Bhulgáir]] poly 308 383 305 376 306 374 293 368 294 359 289 351 289 344 294 339 295 333 301 332 304 328 310 326 317 326 322 322 329 325 340 321 340 316 342 319 340 328 328 329 320 331 325 335 339 340 336 342 348 344 350 348 347 358 344 353 348 352 349 348 343 347 345 344 334 341 335 338 328 335 317 341 313 337 311 342 320 350 332 359 339 365 358 359 340 377 331 380 335 376 337 378 342 373 340 370 345 372 353 362 337 366 328 363 327 367 320 367 326 372 319 374 320 382 334 393 355 393 372 372 372 378 368 383 368 377 364 384 365 390 361 387 355 396 340 400 339 395 329 397 329 393 332 392 320 380 314 384 311 378 [[an Ghréig]] poly 419 384 415 381 421 378 421 373 428 371 435 365 430 374 434 376 424 383 [[an Chipir]] poly 236 248 224 238 221 231 225 227 236 221 240 220 249 225 254 226 260 231 266 230 267 236 261 243 249 245 244 243 [[an tSeicia]] poly 198 263 201 257 204 260 207 258 213 260 224 255 233 248 238 248 241 244 245 244 248 246 255 246 253 250 256 254 250 265 249 268 238 272 229 271 220 268 218 263 210 264 208 266 [[an Ostair]] poly 249 267 253 273 242 279 244 284 236 282 230 281 227 277 229 271 238 272 [[an tSlóivéin]] poly 179 298 180 293 174 292 176 287 173 283 178 282 178 278 176 275 181 274 185 273 189 269 189 273 195 273 197 269 199 272 204 269 207 267 210 265 218 263 220 269 230 271 226 281 219 283 222 289 219 290 220 297 231 304 236 319 247 323 253 325 250 327 274 341 273 349 269 341 260 341 257 348 262 355 261 358 257 360 257 364 251 371 248 369 244 377 244 378 244 386 237 386 237 383 230 381 222 375 219 376 219 370 226 368 238 370 245 367 250 365 253 358 248 346 246 347 241 342 241 341 237 340 234 336 230 332 224 331 184 357 181 355 183 343 182 333 185 333 190 329 193 330 196 339 194 340 193 352 224 331 211 317 209 317 203 309 204 308 202 298 190 292 184 297 [[an Iodáil]] rect 224 394 251 405 [[Málta]] poly 14 333 21 334 24 337 27 339 29 333 36 329 33 325 40 319 39 311 43 312 49 298 57 295 54 292 55 289 43 284 42 281 39 280 36 291 36 292 19 313 24 314 20 317 23 318 19 324 19 327 [[an Phortaingéil]] poly 41 358 38 355 35 355 37 345 32 338 28 338 29 333 37 329 33 326 39 319 39 311 42 312 49 300 56 295 55 292 54 290 43 283 39 280 42 270 39 269 45 266 50 268 51 264 58 266 69 274 71 272 80 279 89 280 95 283 99 287 102 287 114 299 119 301 120 298 124 301 124 304 127 305 135 308 140 309 140 314 145 339 140 337 133 343 126 339 116 349 113 342 120 345 128 337 132 335 136 338 143 335 139 312 136 316 131 317 128 317 114 320 116 322 104 331 100 338 106 345 98 346 92 353 92 356 85 354 76 361 73 357 71 361 66 357 53 354 53 357 46 355 [[an Spáinn]] poly 100 286 111 297 118 300 119 298 126 302 128 302 128 305 139 307 140 301 144 298 152 296 155 300 157 298 165 304 169 305 189 328 195 318 195 306 192 312 188 311 187 327 170 305 178 298 180 294 173 292 176 288 174 284 179 281 176 276 179 272 175 266 170 267 175 262 180 258 178 255 182 256 186 244 190 240 178 234 173 232 169 227 169 225 165 225 162 220 157 216 155 212 151 212 147 218 142 222 137 221 137 224 133 223 125 220 121 218 124 225 121 230 113 227 111 223 107 224 101 223 97 223 97 232 109 241 111 251 115 258 107 284 [[an Fhrainc]] poly 202 178 209 178 211 181 218 182 216 185 218 187 231 181 235 184 231 187 238 189 238 197 235 201 238 203 240 222 236 220 234 224 223 228 221 230 224 238 232 247 224 255 217 258 211 259 207 257 203 261 199 256 189 255 183 256 185 244 190 241 181 235 178 224 181 214 180 207 185 201 190 195 192 187 197 187 199 189 202 186 [[an Ghearmáin]] poly 177 225 174 229 172 235 180 237 180 229 [[an Lucsamburg]] poly 155 210 157 220 166 225 175 232 173 226 178 225 177 215 171 210 164 212 160 209 [[an Bheilg]] poly 191 188 178 189 162 209 167 209 171 207 170 210 179 215 180 207 188 204 184 200 188 198 [[an Ísiltír]] poly 201 177 209 177 222 181 228 176 227 159 219 170 221 177 216 175 214 163 218 158 215 143 202 157 [[an Danmhairg]] poly 102 181 92 179 82 181 79 179 75 173 78 168 89 162 84 159 89 151 98 154 100 153 97 150 104 146 109 147 100 156 108 166 106 174 103 177 [[Éire]] desc bottom-left </imagemap> == Bosca sonraí == Daonra:<ref name=daonra /> * Is lú: [[Málta]], 542,051 * Is mó: [[an Ghearmáin]], 84,358,845 Achar:<ref name=achar /> * Is lú: [[Málta]], 316 km2² * Is mó: [[an Fhrainc]], 638,475 km2² Rialtais: * [[Daonlathas ionadaíoch]] [[Córas Parlaiminteach | parlaiminteach]] (21) * Daonlathas ionadaíoch [[Córas leath-uachtaránachta | leath-uachtaránachta]] (5) * Daonlathas ionadaíoch [[Córas uachtaránachta | uachtaránachta]] (1) == Réamhrá == Is aontas polaitiúil agus eacnamaíoch an t[[Aontas Eorpach]] (AE). Tá seacht mball is fiche (27) den aontas san le atá inniu ann, atá ina bpáirtí i [[Conarthaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|gconartha bunaidh]] an AE, agus dá bharr faoi ghéillsine ag pribhléidí agus dualgais de bhallraíocht. Faoi réir na gconartha, aontaíonn na rialtais a gcuid ceannais a roinnt trí [[forais an Aontais Eorpaigh]]. Chun roinnt polasaí a ghlacadh, caithfear comhaontú d'aon ghuth a bheith ann sa [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh|Chomhairle]]. Do pholasaíthe eile, déantar cinntí le [[vótáil tromlaigh cháilithe]]. De bharr na gcomhrann agus na ndualgas [[aontas fornáisiúnta|fornáisiúnta]] úd, is aontas ar leith é i measc eagraíochtaí idirnáisiúnta. Tá ord dlí bunaithe aige atá idir [[Príomhacht dlí an Aontais Eorpaigh|ina cheangal dlí]] ar gach ballstát (i ndiaidh [[Costa v ENEL|rialaithe cinniúnaigh]] den [[an Chúirt Bhreithiúnais Eorpach|CBE]] sa bhliain 1964). Is bunphrionsabal an aontais ná [[Prionsabal na coimhdeachta]], 'sé sin, ní thugtar cinntí le le chéile más féidir iad a thógáil ar bhonn indibhidiúil. Ceapann gach ballstát [[coimisinéir Eorpach|coimisinéir]] ar an [[An Coimisiún Eorpach|gCoimisiún Eorpach]]. Ní dhéanann siad ionadaíocht dá stáit féin, ach oibríonn siad ar son an AE go léir. Bunaíodh réamhtheachtaithe an AE, na [[Comhphobail Eorpacha]] (CE), sna 1950í ag na sé croí-stát ([[an Bheilg]], [[an Fhrainc]], [[an Iodáil]], [[Lucsamburg]], [[an Ísiltír]] agus [[an Ghearmáin Thiar]]). Tháinig tíortha aontacha eile le [[Méadú an Aontais Eorpaigh|méaduithe]] ina dhiaidh sin. Chun aontú, caithfidh atá á glacadh le ceanglais eacnamaíocha agus polaitiúla aitheanta mar {{h|critéir Chóbanhávan}}, 'sé sin, rialtas daonlathach, [[geilleagar saoriomaíochta]] agus meas ar {{h|forlámhas an dlí}}. Caithfidh fosta gach ballstát a thoiliú a thabhairt, agus caithfidh an t-iarrthóir corpas dlí an AE, aitheanta mar ''[[acquis communautaire]]'', a ghlacadh. Tháinig [[an Ríocht Aontaithe]] isteach san CE sa bhliain 1973, ach tharraing sí amach ar an 31ú Eanáir 2020 ag deireadh [[Brexit]]. Níor tharraing aon stát eile amach, [[#Tarraingt amach|ach amháin]] roinnt spleáchríoch nó ceantar leath-fhéinrialaitheach. == Ballstáit == Seo a leanas liosta de bhallstáit den AE, idir reatha agus stairiúil, cruthaithe le sonraí ó Wikidata. {{Wikidata list | SPARQL = SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?amTosaigh ?amDeiridh ?oti ?otiDáta { ?item wdt:P463 wd:Q458; # cuid de AE wdt:P31 wd:Q6256; # sample de tír p:P463 ?ballRts. ?ballRts ps:P463 wd:Q458. OPTIONAL { ?ballRts pq:P580 ?amTosaigh } OPTIONAL { ?ballRts pq:P582 ?amDeiridh } # fo-iarratas le haghaidh OTI leis an dáta is déanaí is déanaí { SELECT ?item (MAX(?dáta) AS ?uasDáta) WHERE { ?item p:P2131 ?otiRts. ?otiRts pq:P585 ?dáta. } GROUP BY ?item } # OTI le dáta is déanaí ?item p:P2131 ?otiRts. ?otiRts ps:P2131 ?oti; pq:P585 ?otiDáta. FILTER(?otiDáta = ?uasDáta) # label service SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "ga, en". } } ORDER BY DESC(?itemLabel) | columns = number:#, item:Qid, P297:Cód, label:Tír, ?amTosaigh:Am tosaigh, ?amDeiridh:Am deiridh, P1082:Daonra, P2046:Achar, P38:Airgeadra, ?oti:OTI, ?otiDáta:Dáta OTI, P1081:IFD, P37:Teanga }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! Qid ! Cód ! Tír ! Am tosaigh ! Am deiridh ! Daonra ! Achar ! Airgeadra ! OTI ! Dáta OTI ! IFD ! Teanga |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[:d:Q27|Q27]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IE IE] | [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] | 1973-01-01 | | 5149139 | 69797 km² | [[Euro]] | 529244870223 | 2022-01-01 | 0.945 | [[an Ghaeilge]]<br/>[[An Béarla|Béarla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[:d:Q55|Q55]] | | [[an Ísiltír]] | 1957-03-25 | | 17942942 | 37378 km² | [[Euro]] | 991114635529 | 2022-01-01 | 0.931 | [[an Ollainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[:d:Q34|Q34]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SE SE] | [[an tSualainn]] | 1995-01-01 | | 10609460 | 447425.16 km² | ''[[:d:Q122922|krona na Sualainne]]'' | 585939170124 | 2022-01-01 | 0.947 | [[an tSualainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[:d:Q214|Q214]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SK SK] | [[an tSlóvaic]] | 2004-05-01 | | 5409407 | 49033.720839 km² | [[Euro]] | 115468803972 | 2022-01-01 | 0.848 | [[an tSlóvaicis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[:d:Q215|Q215]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SI SI] | [[an tSlóivéin]] | 2004-05-01 | | 2066880 | 20271 km² | [[Euro]] | 62117768015 | 2022-01-01 | 0.918 | [[an tSlóivéinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[:d:Q213|Q213]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:CZ CZ] | [[An tSeic|an tSeicia]] | 2004-05-01 | | 10909500 | 78871 km² | ''[[:d:Q131016|koruna na Seice]]'' | 250681000000 | 2019-01-01 | 0.889 | [[an tSeicis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[:d:Q28|Q28]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:HU HU] | [[an Ungáir]] | 2004-05-01 | | 9603634 | 93011.4 km² | ''[[:d:Q47190|forint na hUngáire]]'' | 181848022230 | 2021-01-01 | 0.846 | [[an Ungáiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[:d:Q29|Q29]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:ES ES] | [[an Spáinn]] | 1986-01-01 | | 48592909 | 505990 km² | [[Euro]] | 1397509272054 | 2022-01-01 | 0.905 | [[an Spáinnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[:d:Q218|Q218]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:RO RO] | [[an Rómáin]] | 2007-01-01 | | 19053815 | 238397 km² | ''[[:d:Q131645|leu na Rómáine]]'' | 301261582924 | 2022-01-01 | 0.821 | [[an Rómáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[:d:Q145|Q145]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:GB GB] | [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]] | 1973-01-01 | 2020-01-31 | 67326569 | 242495 km² | [[punt steirling]] | 3070667732359 | 2022-01-01 | 0.929 | [[An Béarla|Béarla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[:d:Q45|Q45]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:PT PT] | [[an Phortaingéil]] | 1986-01-01 | | 10347892 | 92225 km² | [[Euro]] | 251945377529 | 2022-01-01 | 0.866 | [[an Phortaingéilis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[:d:Q36|Q36]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:PL PL] | [[an Pholainn]] | 2004-05-01 | | 37563071 | 312683 km² | ''[[:d:Q123213|złoty]]'' | 688176605955 | 2022-01-01 | 0.906 am ar leith | [[an Pholainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[:d:Q40|Q40]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:AT AT] | [[an Ostair]] | 1995-01-01 | | 8979894 | 83878.99 km² | [[Euro]] | 511685203845 | 2023-01-01 | 0.916 | [[an Ghearmáinis]]<br/>''[[:d:Q36668|teanga chomharthaíochta na hOstaire]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[:d:Q37|Q37]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LT LT] | [[an Liotuáin]] | 2004-05-01 | | 2860002 | 65300 km² | [[Euro]] | 70334299008 | 2022-01-01 | 0.875 | [[an Liotuáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[:d:Q211|Q211]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LV LV] | [[an Laitvia]] | 2004-05-01 | | 1845096 | 64593.77 km²<br/>61760.39 km² | [[Euro]] | 41153912663 | 2022-01-01 | 0.863 | [[an Laitvis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[:d:Q38|Q38]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IT IT] | [[an Iodáil]] | 1957-03-25 | | 58850717 | 302068 km² | [[Euro]] | 2010431598465 | 2022-01-01 | 0.895 | [[an Iodáilis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[:d:Q41|Q41]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:GR GR] | [[an Ghréig]] | 1981-01-01 | | 10482487 | 131957 km² | [[Euro]] | 219065872466 | 2022-01-01 | 0.887 | [[an Ghréigis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[:d:Q183|Q183]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:DE DE] | [[an Ghearmáin]] | 1958-01-01 | | 83467117 | 357587.77 km² | [[Euro]] | 4121200000000 | 2023-01-01 | 0.942 | [[an Ghearmáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[:d:Q142|Q142]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FR FR] | [[an Fhrainc]] | 1957-03-25 | | 68605616 | 643801 km² | [[Euro]]<br/>''[[:d:Q214393|franc CFP]]'' | 2782905325625 | 2022-01-01 | 0.903 | [[an Fhraincis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[:d:Q33|Q33]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FI FI] | [[an Fhionlainn]] | 1995-01-01 | | 5652881 | 338478.34 km² | [[Euro]] | 280825957768 | 2022-01-01 | 0.94 | [[an Fhionlainnis]]<br/>[[an tSualainnis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[:d:Q191|Q191]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:EE EE] | [[an Eastóin]] | 2004-05-01 | | 1369995 | 45335 km² | [[Euro]] | 38100812959 | 2022-01-01 | 0.89 | [[an Eastóinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[:d:Q35|Q35]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:DK DK] | [[an Danmhairg]] | 1973-01-01 | | 5822863 | 42925.46 km² | ''[[:d:Q25417|krone na Danmhairge]]'' | 395403906582 | 2022-01-01 | 0.929 | [[an Danmhairgis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[:d:Q224|Q224]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:HR HR] | [[an Chróit]] | 2013-07-01 | | 3871833 | 56594 km² | [[Euro]] | 70964606465 | 2022-01-01 | 0.858 | [[an Chróitis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[:d:Q229|Q229]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:CY CY] | [[an Chipir]] | 2004-05-01 | | 1344976 | 9242.45 km² | [[Euro]] | 28439052741 | 2022-01-01 | 0.896 | ''[[:d:Q36510|an Nua-Ghréigis]]''<br/>[[an Tuircis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[:d:Q219|Q219]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BG BG] | [[an Bhulgáir]] | 2007-01-01 | | 6423207 | 110993.6 km² | [[Euro]] | 102407653020 | 2023-01-01 | 0.799 | [[an Bhulgáiris]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[:d:Q31|Q31]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BE BE] | [[an Bheilg]] | 1957-03-25 | | 11825551 | 30688 km² | [[Euro]] | 644782756682 | 2023-01-01 | 0.937 | [[an Ollainnis]]<br/>[[an Fhraincis]]<br/>[[an Ghearmáinis]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[:d:Q233|Q233]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:MT MT] | [[Málta]] | 2004-05-01 | | 553214 | 316 km² | [[Euro]] | 17765270015 | 2022-01-01 | 0.918 | [[an Mháltais]]<br/>[[An Béarla|Béarla]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[:d:Q32|Q32]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LU LU] | [[Lucsamburg]] | 1957-03-25 | | 690959 | 2593.05 km² | [[Euro]] | 82274812251 | 2022-01-01 | 0.93 | [[an Lucsambuirgis]]<br/>[[an Fhraincis]]<br/>[[an Ghearmáinis]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=daonra>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_GIND__custom_7127262/default/table | teideal=Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates at national level | foilsitheoir = [[Eurostat]] | dátarochtana = 21ú Meitheamh 2024}}</ref> <ref name=achar>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/reg_area3__custom_11352231/bookmark/table?lang=en&bookmarkId=fabcfca6-4abb-4a84-ac1c-7bb335af436a | teideal = Area by NUTS 3 region | foilsitheoir = [[Eurostat]] | dátarochtana = 21ú Meitheamh 2024}}</ref> }} 5he5bk3k2eg3hsfzzsfc00ksf4hwni3 0 123475 1330566 1320205 2026-10-24T21:28:41Z CommonsDelinker 440 Ag baint [[:Íomhá:President_Donald_J._Trump_on_the_United_States_Military_Major_Combat_Operations_in_Iran.webm|President_Donald_J._Trump_on_the_United_States_Military_Major_Combat_Operations_in_Iran.webm]] amach, agus ag chur [[:Íomhá:President_Donald_J._ 1330566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} D’ionsaigh Iosrael agus na Stáit Aontaithe Rialtas na hIaráine ar an 28 Feabhra 2026, ionsaí gan choinne a chuir tús le cogadh sa [[An Meánoirthear|Mheánoirthear]].<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/achrann-ag-scaipeadh-sa-mheanoirthear-i-ndiaidh-ionsaithe-stait-aontaithe-mheiricea-agus-iosrael-ar-an-iarain/|teideal=Achrann ag scaipeadh sa mheánoirthear i ndiaidh ionsaithe Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá agus Iosrael ar an Iaráin|dáta=2026-03-02|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-03}}</ref> D'fhág an Cogadh muintir na hIaráine idir dhá thine Bhealtaine – tine taobh istigh agus tine taobh amuigh. Bhí muintir na hIaráine ina ngialla ag a rialtas féin, aon uair amháin eile, ach fós féin is é an tromluí is measa acu ar tharla dá gcomharsana de bharr ‘cabhair’ an iarthair.<ref name=":02">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-iarain-idir-da-thine-bhealtaine-uaireanta-is-fearr-drochrialtas-na-a-bheith-gan-rialtas-ar-bith/|teideal=An Iaráin idir dá thine Bhealtaine – uaireanta is fearr drochrialtas ná a bheith gan rialtas ar bith|údar=Fachtna Ó Drisceoil|dáta=3 Márta 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-04}}</ref> Ag an am céanna bhí Donald Trump sáinnithe idir dhá thine Bhealtaine sa [[Caolas Hormuz|Chaolas Hormuz]].<ref name=":17">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-sainnithe-idir-dha-thine-bhealtaine-sa-chaolas-hormuz/|teideal=Trump sáinnithe idir dhá thine Bhealtaine sa Chaolas Hormuz|údar=Máirtín Ó Duibhir|dáta=18 Márta 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-18}}</ref> Tá tábhacht eacnamaíochta thar na bearta ag baint leis an g[[coigeal]] sin ós tríd a sheachadtar sciar suntasach de sholáthairtí ola agus gáis an domhain.<ref name=":15">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ollruathar á dhéanamh as an nua ag Iosrael ar an Liobáin|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0318/1563919-ollruathar-a-dheanamh-as-an-nua-ag-iosrael-ar-an-liobain/|date=2026-03-18|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Ar an 7 Aibreán, d’fhógair Trump ‘sos cogaidh’ coicíse.<ref name=":29">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/praghas-na-hola-tite-faoi-bhun-100-aris-tar-eis-fhogra-trump/|teideal=Praghas na hola tite faoi bhun $100 arís tar éis fhógra Trump|údar=Maitiú Ó Coimín|dáta=8 Aibreán 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-04-08}}</ref> Bhí níos mó ná 2,000 duine maraithe, 28 Feabhra-25 Márta, le hionsaithe ag Iosrael agus na S-A ar an Iaráin. Ina theannta sin, mharaigh Iosrael níos mó ná 1,000 duine sa [[An Liobáin|Liobáin]] agus cuireadh an.ruaig ar na daoine a bhí ina gcónaí i deisceart na tíre, os cionn milliún.<ref>tír bheag atá sa Liobáin, 10,452 km^2, níos lú ná [[Contae an Chláir]], [[Contae Luimnigh]] agus [[Contae Thiobraid Árann|Contae Thiobraid Arainn]] le chéile, agus daonra 6 milliún ann, nó b'fhéidir seacht milliún, na Palaistínigh agus na teifigh as Siria san áireamh</ref> [[Íomhá:President Donald J. Trump on the United States Military Major Combat Operations in Iran - February 28, 2026.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: Fógra de chuid Trump, 28 Feabhra 2026]] [[Íomhá:Operation Epic Fury Update, President Donald J. Trump.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: Trump, 1 Márta 2026]] [[Íomhá:132278 cemetery kfar giladi PikiWiki Israel.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|"Búir Leoin" i Reilig Kfar Giladi san Iosrael]] [[Íomhá:Operation-Roaring-Lion-0014.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Sheol Iosrael 200 scairdtrodaire ar an 28 Feabhra 2026, an t-aerfhórsa iomlán (F-16 anseo sa phictiúir seo), ]] [[Íomhá:Epic Fury Strike compilation (997841).webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: ionsaithe na S-A (díolaim)]] [[Íomhá:Epic Fury Strike compilation (997855).webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: Díolaim eile de chuid na S-A (tá go leor ann)]] [[Íomhá:President Trump Participates in a Medal of Honor Ceremony.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: Trump ar an 2 Márta i searmanas bronnta]] [[Íomhá:Shajareh Tayyebeh school in Minab photos from Mehr (3).jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Ionsaí ar scoil i Minab san Iaráin, 2026|Ionsaí ar scoil i Minab]], 28 Feabhra]] [[Íomhá:Funeral of the martyrs of Minab Primary School for Girls 26.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Ionsaí ar scoil i Minab san Iaráin, 2026|Tórraimh na gcailíní (cuid) i Minab]] ]] [[Íomhá:Portrait of Mojtaba Khamenei.jpg|clé|mion|180px|[[Mojtaba Khamenei]], ceapadh é mar Ayatollah ar an 8 Márta 2026]] [[Íomhá:Oil Refinery Fires in Tehran, Iran (CIRA 2026-03-07 - nolabels).gif|clé|mion|220x220px|2026-03-07: íomhá ó spás - tinte ó smacht ar fud Tehran nuair a bhuaileadh na scaglanna ola => thit báisteach dhubh agus nimhiúil ; rinne an truailliú an t-aer do-análaithe ar fud na cathrach.]] [[Íomhá:U.S. Central Command - Update from CENTCOM Commander on Operation Epic Fury-.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán, 3 Márta, aimiréal Brad Cooper, ceannasaí CENTCOM, agus a "huasdátú''"'' (4 nóiméad)]] [[Íomhá:President Trump Gaggles with Press at Joint Base Andrews, Mar. 11, 2026.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: Trump, 11 Márta]] [[Íomhá:President Trump and Vice President JD Vance Participate in Signing Time, Mar. 16, 2026.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|16 Márta: Labhair [[J. D. Vance|JD Vance]] don chéad uair, ag 15n 26s]] == Cúlra == Bhí buairt agus imní ann ó na 2000idí go mbeadh an Iaráin in ann buama núicléach a chur le chéile.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Socrú núicléach idir Meiriceá agus An Iaráin|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2015/0714/714675-socru-nuicleach-idir-meircea-agus-an-iarain/|date=2015-07-14|language=ga|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Bhí an Iaráin ag maíomh le fada nach raibh ach spriocanna síochána lena clár núicléach. Ach níor chreid Iosrael riamh an scéal sin. Dúirt na hIaránaigh i gcónaí nach raibh aon airm núicléacha á bhforbairt acu agus gur mar fhoinse fuinnimh amháin a bhí [[úráiniam]] á shaibhriú acu.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Comhráite sa Ghinéiv faoi chlár núicléach na hIaráine|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0620/1519455-comhraite-sa-ghineiv-faoi-chlar-nuicleach-na-hiaraine/|date=2025-06-20|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Rinneadh [[Socrú núicléach leis an Iaráin|Socrú núicléach leis an Iaráin in 2015]], an [[Socrú núicléach leis an Iaráin|JCPOA]].<ref>''Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action''</ref> D’éirigh na Stáit Aontaithe, faoi stiúir Trump, as an Socrú ar an 8 Bealtaine 2018. Cháin sé an Socrú mar "an margadh is measa riamh". Seach-chogaí a bhí ann go hairithe roimh Meitheamh 2025. Agus buaileadh an Iaráin agus a comhghuaillithe go dona. Theith [[Bashar al-Assad]] [[Cogadh Cathartha na Siria|an tSiria]] sa bhliain 2024. Briseadh [[Cogadh Iosrael-Gaza|Hamas i nGaza]] agus [[Hezbollah]] sa [[An Liobáin|Liobáin]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iran–Israel proxy conflict|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict&oldid=1295737217|journal=Wikipedia|date=2025-06-15|language=en}}</ref> {{Príomhalt|Cogadh na Dhá Lá Dhéag 2025}} I dtús 2026, bhí Iosrael agus na Stáit Aontaithe uilechumhachtach sa réigiún == 28 Feabhra 2026 == Ar an 28 Feabhra, chuir Iosrael tús le "blitzkrieg". Thug Iosrael an t-ainm "Búir Leoin" ar an "oibríocht" (i gcuimhne ar [[Yosef Trumpeldor]], a maraíodh ar an 28 Feabhra 1920 i Cath Tel Hai).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/bytb5nxy11g |teideal="שאגת הארי", אחרי "עם כלביא" {{!}} השם והסמליות: "השאגה נשמעת בעולם כולו"|údar=ynet.co.il|dáta=2 Márta 2026}}</ref><ref>Thug Iosrael an t-ainm "Leon ag éirí" (Leabhar na nUimhreacha, caibidil 23, véarsa 24) ar an "oibríocht" [[Cogadh na Dhá Lá Dhéag 2025]]   </ref> Bhí ainm eile ag na Stáit Aontaithe ar an oibríocht, ‘Fiúir Éachtach’ (Epic Fury). Ionsaithe gan choinne, de chuid Iosrael go háirithe, a bhí ann ar an 28 Feabhra. Bhí na Stáit Aontaithe i mbun idirbheartaíochta le Rialtas na hIaráine agus bhí dea-chuma ar an scéal. Ach sárdheis a bhí ann ar an 28 Feabhra; tháinig rialtas na hIaráine le chéile sa ceanncheathrú de chuid an Ayatollah;  bhí barraíocht de thuairim díobh féin acu is cosúil. Ar an gcéad lá, sheol Iosrael 200 scairdtrodaire, gach ceann a bhí acu agus thosaigh na hionsaithe i lár an lae ghil (timpeall 9.45am i dTeheran). Éacht dodhéanta, a cheap na hIaránaigh agus mar sin, ní raibh ceannairí an rialtas ina mbuncair. Mharaigh Iosrael ceannairí polaitiúla agus míleata go leor i lárionad an rialtais:<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/u-s-and-israel-exact-heavy-toll-on-irans-leaders-8320addf|teideal=Which Iranian Leaders Have Been Killed and Who Survived?|údar=James Benedict, Sune Engel Rasmussen and Benoit Faucon|dáta=2026-03-01|language=en-US|work=The Wall Street Journal|dátarochtana=2026-03-03}}</ref>   * Ayatollah [[Ali Khamenei]].  Maraíodh a iníon agus garmhac chomh maith. Gortaíodh a bhean, Mansoureh Khojasteh Bagherzadeh agus a mhac, Mojtaba Khamenei (ceapadh é mar Ayatollah ar an 8 Márta 2026). * Maorghinearál Mohammad Pakpour, Ardcheannasaí,  [[Cór Gharda na Réabhlóide Ioslamaí]] ([[CGRI]]).<ref>i mBéarla, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)</ref> * Aziz Nasirzadeh, Aire Cosanta * Mohammad Mohammadi Golpayegani, Ceann Foirne an Ayatollah * Ali Shamkhani, Rúnaí Comhairle Cosanta na hIaráine * Maorghinearál Abdolrahim Mousavi, Ardcheannasaí, Fórsaí Armtha na hIaráine (an t-údarás míleata is airde) * Briogáidireghinearál Aziz Nasirzadeh, Lóistíocht na bhFórsaí Armtha * Briogáidireghinearál Mohammad Shirazi, Ceann Oifig Míleata an Ayatollah * Briogáidireghinearál Hossein Jabal Amelian, Ceann Taighde Míleata (SPND) * Briogáidireghinearál Gholamreza Rezaian, Ceannasaí Faisnéise, Cór Gharda na Réabhlóide Ioslamaí ([[CGRI]]) * Saleh Asadi, Ceann Faisnéise agus Straitéise san Arm * agus maraíodh b'fhéidir 60 seasca eile i lárionad an rialtais timpeall 9.45am i dTeheran Buaileadh oifig Uachtarán na hIaráine, Masoud Pezeshkian, in Tehran, ach tháinig sé slán as.      Ar an lá céanna, bhuail na S-A timpeall 1,000 sprioc.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.war.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/4418826/hegseth-says-epic-fury-goals-in-iran-are-laser-focused/|teideal=Hegseth Says 'Epic Fury' Goals in Iran Are 'Laser-Focused'|údar=war.gov|dáta=2 Márta 2026|dátarochtana=4 Márta 2026}}{{Dead link|date=Aibreán 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ar an 15-17 Márta, feallmharaíodh ceannasaí slándála na hIaráine Ali Larijani agus aire faisnéise na hIaráine Esmail Khatib.<ref name=":15" /> '''Spriocanna''' Ba léir ón ráiteas a thug an tUachtarán Donald Trump maidin na chéad ionsaithe go raibh na Meiriceánaigh i bhfabhar athraithe réimis. D’éirigh lena n-iarrachtaí na ceannairí a mharú ach go gairid ina dhiaidh sin thosaigh siad ag tarraingt siar ón sprioc uaillmhianach maidir le hathrú réimis agus leag siad síos roinnt spriocanna éagsúla eile; scrios iomlán a dhéanamh ar chumas na nIaránach diúracán agus drón a sheoladh agus a mhonarú; agus deireadh a chur lena gclár saibhrithe núicléach.<ref name=":17" /> Bhí sprioc sa bhreis ag Iosrael, [[Hezbollah]] sa [[An Liobáin|Liobáin]] a scrios. == An Iaráin == Ar an 28 Feabhra, bhí na mílte ionsaí ón aer déanta ag na Stáit Aontaithe agus Iosrael ar áiteanna fud fad na hIaráine. Bhí go leor de na buamaí á ndíriú ar dheisceart na hIaráine, an ball is boige den tír ós é is gaire do loingeas aerárthach Mheiriceá a bhí suite i Murascaill na Peirse. Mhaígh na hIosraelaigh gur dírithe ar ionaid mhíleata a bhí na buamaí. Ach ba mhór an damáiste comhthaobhach. Mar shampla, ar an 28 Feabhra, [[Ionsaí ar scoil i Minab san Iaráin, 2026|buaileadh an scoil Shajareh Tayyebeh (An Crann Maith)]] in Minab i gCúige Hormozgan.  Maíonn na meáin san Iaráin gur maraíodh timpeall 168-180 duine, páistí cuid mhór díobh.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=2026 Minab school attack|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2026_Minab_school_attack&oldid=1343206898|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-03-12|language=en}}</ref> Bhí 170 cailín, 7 go 12, sa bhunscoil ag an am.Buaileadh ospidéal in aice leis an scoil chomh maith. Bhí an scoil mar bhunáit den [[Cór Gharda na Réabhlóide Ioslamaí]] go dtí 2013.  Ní raibh an sprioc nuashonraithe, is cosúil.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=2026 Minab school airstrike|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2026_Minab_school_airstrike&oldid=1341572830|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-03-03|language=en}}</ref> {{Príomhalt|Ionsaí ar scoil i Minab san Iaráin, 2026}} Bhí sé ráite go neamhbhalbh ag Meiriceá agus ag Iosrael go dteastaíonn uathu bonneagar na hIaráine a scriosadh – bonneagar míleata, nó bonneagar sibhialta, nó an dá rud, ní léir. Dúirt ionadaithe an charthanais san Iaráin go ndearnadh damáiste idir 28 Feabhra-9 Márta do 19,000 aonad sibhialtach ó thosaigh an bhuamáil, ar aonaid chónaithe 16,000 acu agus ar aonaid tráchtála na 3,000 eile.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Luach $5.6 billiún d'airm scaoilte ag Meiriceá leis an Iaráin'|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0310/1562621-luach-5-6-billun-dairm-scaoilte-ag-meiricea-leis-an-iarain/|date=2026-03-10|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Mar le rún sin Mheiriceá agus Iosrael réimeas na hIaráine a threascairt, ní cosúil go bhfuil mórán gluaiseachta faoi ó tá na húdaráis ag teacht roimh aon ghrúpaí frithrialtais a mbeadh sé ar intinn acu teacht le chéile chuige sin.<ref name=":5">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tehran, Béiriút buamáilte go trom arís aréir|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0311/1562774-tehran-beiriut-buamailte-go-trom-aris-areir/|date=2026-03-11|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Bhí a gcuid tithe tréigthe ag breis is 3.2 milliún duine san Iaráin ar an 12 Márta agus iad sa tóir ar bhráite sábháilte ó bhuamaí Iosrael agus na Stát Aontaithe (áisíneacht dídeanaithe na Náisiún Aontaithe a chuir an meastachán maidir le líon na dteifeach ar fáil).<ref name=":8" />  == An Liobáin agus Siria == Thug an Cogadh san Iaráin leithscéal do Iosrael an ruaig a chur an an daonra i ndeisceart an Liobáine. Ní raibh an rún ag Iosrael, a mhaígh an rialtas, ach an ruaig a chur ar an grúpa míleata Hezbollah, eagraíocht a dtacaíonn an Iaráin leis. Ach thug an cogadh san Iaráin leithscéal do Iosrael chun an Liobáin a scrios. Thug Hezbollah a n-aghaidh ar Iosrael; sna chéad laethanta de mhí an Mhárta, scaoileadh diúracáin agus buaileadh bunáiteanna leis na hIosraelaigh in [[Ardáin Ghóláin]] sa tSiria agus i dtuaisceart Iosrael, gan mórán damáiste. Theilg scairdeitleáin na nIosraelach diúracáin le hionaid éagsúla ar fud na tíre gach lá, na comharsanachtaí Siacha go háirithe i ndeisceart na tíre, ach fiú ceantair cónaithe i lár Bhéiriút.  Buamáil thréan a bhí ann ar cheantar dlúthchónaithe lán d'árasáin agus de shiopaí beaga,  Bhuail buamaí Iosrael lár na príomhchathrach, áit nach bhfuil i ngaobhar dhaingean Hezbollah ó dheas de Bhéiriút.<ref name=":16">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/na-scortha-maraithe-no-go-gortaithe-sna-hionsaithe-is-deanai-ar-beirut/|teideal=Na scórtha maraithe nó go gortaithe sna hionsaithe is déanaí ar Beirut|dáta=2026-03-18|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-18}}</ref> Bhuamáil Iosrael an bonneagar sibhialta, áiseanna sláinte, bóithre agus droichid ina measc.<ref name=":9">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ionsaithe tréana á ndéanamh ar an Liobáin|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0314/1563407-ionsaithe-treana-a-ndeanamh-ar-an-liobain/|date=2026-03-14|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Mhaígh na hIosraelaigh gur ar lucht Hezbollah a bhí a gcuid arm dírithe ach ní raibh a n-amas ró-chruinn.<ref name=":10">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bonneagar na hIaráine á leacú tuilleadh ag Iosrael, Meiriceá|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0313/1563219-bonneagar-na-hiaraine-a-leacu-tuilleadh-ag-iosrael-meiricea/|date=2026-03-13|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Chuir Iosrael saighdiúirí thar teorainn isteach i ndeisceart na Liobáine, [[UNIFIL|áit a raibh saighdiúirí na hÉireann ar dualgas síochána leis na Náisiúin Aontaithe]].<ref name=":0" /> Dúirt Rialtas na Liobáine go raibh 570 duine maraithe ag fórsaí Iosrael sa tír idir 28 Feabhra - 9 Márta agus bhí 760,000 duine curtha as a mbailte.<ref name=":3" /> Tugadh "pionós comhchoiteann" ar easáitiú éigeantach an phobail seo.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/6/israel-extending-gaza-playbook-to-lebanon-charity-warns|teideal=Israel extending ‘Gaza playbook’ to Lebanon, charity warns|údar=Al Jazeera Staff|language=en|work=Al Jazeera|dátarochtana=2026-03-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://thewire.in/world/the-world-watches-as-israel-destroys-lebanon-implementing-a-doctrine-of-war-crimes|teideal=The World Watches as Israel Destroys Lebanon, Implementing a Doctrine of War Crimes|language=en|work=The Wire|dátarochtana=2026-03-11}}</ref> D'fhoilsigh [[Human Rights Watch]] tuairisc ag léiriú fianaise gur bhain Iosrael leas as an nimh fosfar bán i gceantair ina bhfuil cónaí ar dhaoine i ndeisceart na Liobáine (mar a tharla le linn DF 2023-Bealtaine 2024) (9 Márta).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/03/09/lebanon-israel-unlawfully-using-white-phosphorus|teideal=Lebanon: Israel Unlawfully Using White Phosphorus {{!}} Human Rights Watch|dáta=2026-03-09|language=en|dátarochtana=2026-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=22 duine maraithe, 117 leonta ag fórsaí Iosrael i mBéiriút|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2024/1011/1474867-22-duine-maraithe-117-leonta-ag-forsai-iosrael-i-mbeiriut/|date=2024-10-11|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref>   Maíodh go raibh  coireanna cogaidh agus coireanna in aghaidh na daonnachta á ndéanamh ag na hIosraelaigh.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/03/1167098|teideal=Nearly 700,000 displaced in Lebanon as Middle East crisis escalates {{!}} UN News|dáta=2026-03-09|language=en|work=news.un.org|dátarochtana=2026-03-13|archivedate=2026-03-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260312032502/https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/03/1167098}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://globalvoices.org/2026/03/12/from-gaza-to-lebanon-and-iran-the-normalization-of-atrocity/|teideal=From Gaza to Lebanon and Iran: The normalization of atrocity|dáta=2026-03-12|language=en|work=Global Voices|dátarochtana=2026-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.justsecurity.org/133550/illegality-israels-military-campaign-lebanon/|teideal=The Illegality of Israel’s Military Campaign in Lebanon|údar=Adil Ahmad Haque|dáta=2026-03-11|language=en-US|work=Just Security|dátarochtana=2026-03-13}}</ref>    I ndeisceart na Siria, bhuail Iosrael spriocanna ó am go ham, ina measc ionad ceannais agus bunáit mhíleata de chuid réimeas na tíre sin.<ref name=":18">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tuilleadh ionsaithe i Murascaill na Peirse thar oíche|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0320/1564329-tuilleadh-ionsaithe-i-murascaill-na-peirse-thar-oiche/|date=2026-03-20|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Ar an 8 Aibreán, thug Uachtarán Trump le fios nach raibh an Liobáin clúdaithe sa sos cogaidh a tháinig i bhfeidhm ar an 7 Aibreán. Dúirt an tUachtarán Trump gur "achrann eile" é an troid in aghaidh Hezbollah.<ref name=":37">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title="Tá Caolas Hormuz fós dúnta", a deir an Iaráin|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0408/1567287-ta-caolas-hormuz-fos-dunta-a-deir-an-iarain/|date=2026-04-08|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Ar an 23 Aibreán,, d'fhógair an réimeas i Washington DC 'sos cogaidh' sa Liobáin. An lá dár gcionn dúirt Hezbollah nárbh fhiú tráithnín é an 'sos cogaidh' tar éis d'fhórsaí míleata Iosrael beirt a mharú sa Liobáin, srl.<ref name=":38">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Ceannairí Eorpacha éadóchasach faoin gcorraíl idirnáisiúnta'|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0424/1569920-ceannairi-eorpacha-eadochasach-faoin-gcorrail-idirnaisiunta/|date=2026-04-24|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> == Tíortha Arabacha == Sna laethanta dár gcionn, bhí ionsaithe déanta ag an Iaráin ar fud an Mheánoirthir, tíortha Arabacha atá fabhrach do Mheiriceá go háirithe.<ref name=":0" /> Scaoil na hIaránaigh sailbhí drón le tíortha comharsanachta gach lá.  Cé nach bhearnaigh ach an corrcheann acu na córais chosanta, is mór an díobháil a rinne siad. Mar shampla  bhuail dhá dhrón Ambasáid na Stát Aontaithe i bpríomhchathair na hAraibe Sádaí, [[Riyadh]], agus scrios ceann dá mbuamaí foirgneamh i mbunáit le hArm Mheiriceá i mBairéin. D’ionsaigh an Iaráin  ionaid bhreosla in Óman agus i gCatar agus  scaglann ola san Araib Shádach srl.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='131 cathair san Iaráin ionsaithe ag fórsaí Mheiriceá, Iosrael'|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0302/1561157-131-cathair-san-iarain-ionsaithe-ag-forsai-mheiricea-iosrael/|date=2026-03-02|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> === '''Iaráic''' === Bhris cogadh cathartha amach. Ina theannta sin, mharaigh ionsaithe de chuid na hIaráine daoine san Iaráic, saighdiúirí Francacha san áireamh, a bhí ag troid in aghaidh [[ISIS]] ([[An Stát Ioslamach|Stát Ioslamach]] nó nó [[Daesh]], mar chuid den Oibríocht Chammal. == Iosrael == Bhí aer-ruathair le cloisteáil ar fud na tíre ar fud na tíre ó am go ham, agus ionsaithe sliogáin i dtuaisceart na tíre (roicéid de chuid Hezbollah). Maraíodh cúpla duine. == An Phalaistín == Thug an cogadh san Iaráin leithscéal do lonnaitheoirí Giúdacha ionsaí a dhéanamh ar Phalaistínigh sa [[An Bruach Thiar|Bhruach Thiar]].<ref name=":11">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ceathrar maraithe ag fórsaí Iosrael ar an mBruach Thiar|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0315/1563552-ceathrar-maraithe-ag-forsai-iosrael-ar-an-mbruach-thiar/|date=2026-03-15|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c620vwl97vyo|teideal=EU and UK demand Israel stop surge in West Bank settler violence|dáta=2026-03-11|language=en-GB|work=www.bbc.com|dátarochtana=2026-03-12}}</ref> == Cúrsaí eacnamaíochta == Gan trácht ar an scrios agus an marú, bhí deasca eacnamaíochta na corraíola ag cur isteach ar thíortha an domhain, lena n-áirítear na tíortha atá ag cur an chogaidh ar an Iaráin.<ref name=":12">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An Iaráin á slacairt an athuair ag fórsaí Iosrael|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0316/1563642-an-iarain-a-slacairt-an-athuair-ag-forsai-iosrael/|date=2026-03-16|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Chuaigh praghsanna ola agus gáis in airde go pras ar na margaí idirnáisiúnta mar gheall ar an réabadh.   $82 a bhí ar bhairille Brent ar an 3 Márta, (ardú de $10 ó 27 Feabhra) agus $98-$115 ar an 9 Márta.  Dúnadh an scaglann ola is mó san Araib Shádach.  Ar an 2 Márta, bhí  thart ar 150 long i dteannta i g[[Caolas Hormuz]] idir an Iaráin agus Óman, tancaeir ola ina measc.  Is tríd an muinceann uisce sin a sheachadtar an cúigiú cuid de sholáthairtí ola an domhain agus an cúigiú cuid de ghás leachtaithe an domhain ach aon lá.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Praghas ola ardaithe agus tancaeir sáinnithe i gCaolas Hormuz|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0302/1561247-pragas-ola-ardaithe-agus-tancaeir-sainnithe-i-gcaolas-hormuz/|date=2026-03-02|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Mhaígh Trump ar an 10 Márta gur luach $5.6 billiún d'airm a bhí caite ag fórsaí Mheiriceá san fheachtas in aghaidh na hIaráine ón 28 Feabhra - 9 Márta.<ref name=":3" /> Ansin mhaígh an Peinteagán gur luach $11 billiún a bhí caite in iomlán ar feadh sé lá.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/middle-east/article/iran-latest-news-today-us-trump-live-6b3qrtql5|teideal=We’re not stopping till the job is done, pledges Trump — as it happened|údar=David Charter, Washington {{!}} Kelly Rissman, US reporter {{!}} David Harding {{!}} Joshua Thurston {{!}} Samer Al-Atrush, Middle East Correspondent|dáta=2026-03-12|language=en|work=www.thetimes.com|dátarochtana=2026-03-12}}</ref> Ar an 11 Márta, d'fhógair an Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh go gcuirfí ar an margadh idirnáisiúnta 400 milliún bairille ola ó stoc cúltaca bhallstáit na heagraíochta ( is ionann 400 milliún bairille agus an tríú cuid den stoc cúltaca uile).<ref name=":4">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=400 milliún bairille ola ón gcúlstoc le cur ar an margadh|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0311/1562798-400-milliun-bairille-ola-on-gculstoc-le-cur-ar-an-margadh/|date=2026-03-11|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref>1.2 billiún bairille ola a bhí i stoc cúltaca na Gníomhaireachta Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh ag an am, a bhfuil 32 ballstát ann, agus coinnítear i dtaisce é ar eagla na héigeandála domhanda. </ref> Ina theannta sin, bhí cead tugtha ag Trump do thíortha eile ola a cheannach ó thancaeir Rúiseacha a bhí faoi choinneáil i gcalafoirt éagsúla ar fud an domhain,<ref name=":10" /> trí na smachtbhannaí ar ola na Rúise a mhaolú.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-i-sainn-maidir-le-cogadh-na-hiaraine/|teideal=Trump i sáinn maidir le cogadh na hIaráine|údar=Eoin Ó Murchú|dáta=16 Márta 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-17}}</ref> Chuir an beart seo fearg ollmhór ar an Úcráin agus ar an Aontas Eorpach. Ní raibh Caolas Hormuz dúnta go hiomlán - lig na Stáit Aontaithe tancaeir ola na Síne dul isteach is amach le linn an chogaidh i mí an Mhárta.<ref name=":14">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/freagra-patuar-ar-eileamh-trump-go-gcuirfi-longa-cogaidh-chuig-caolas-hormuz/|teideal=Freagra patuar ar éileamh Trump go gcuirfí longa cogaidh chuig Caolas Hormuz|dáta=2026-03-16|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-17}}</ref> Rinne na Stáit Aontaithe iarracht chun an Caolas a dhúnadh i mí Aibreáin. Ar an 24 Aibreán, d'admhaigh ceannairí an Aontais Eorpaigh go raibh an ghleacaíocht faoi Chaolas Hormuz géarchéim fuinnimh a adhaint Bhí siad "éadóchasach" faoi lorg na corraíola ar sholáthar ola agus ar phraghsanna, agus ina dhiaidh sin ar an ngeilleagar idirnáisiúnta.<ref name=":38" /> === Truailliú === Ar an 7/8 Márta 2026, bhuail Iosrael na scaglanna ola ar fud Tehran. Chuaigh na tinte ó smacht agus bhí scamall dubh deataigh os cionn Tehran ag agus súiche brocach ina bhrat ar na sráideanna de bharr ionsaithe a rinneadh ar stórais ola.<ref name=":6">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/stad-ar-bith-ar-ionsaithe-dron-agus-diuracan/|teideal=Stad ar bith ar ionsaithe drón agus diúracán|dáta=2026-03-09|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-12}}</ref> Ansin thit báisteach dhubh agus nimhiúil''.''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=‘Black rain’ in Tehran — what are the health effects?|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00800-9|journal=Nature|date=2026-03-11|issn=1476-4687|doi=10.1038/d41586-026-00800-9|language=en|author=Rachel Fieldhouse, Mohana Basu}}</ref> Rinne an truailliú an t-aer do-análaithe ar fud na cathrach, pionós comhchoiteann mar a tharla sa Liobáin agus Gaza.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/08/dark-like-our-future-iranians-describe-scenes-of-catastrophe-after-tehrans-oil-depots-bombed|teideal=‘Dark, like our future’: Iranians describe scenes of catastrophe after Tehran’s oil depots bombed|údar=theguardian.com|dátarochtana=12-03-2026}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Iran propaganda LEGO AI video on 2026 Iran war.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: bolscaireacht de chuid na hIaráine, 10 Márta 2026]] [[Íomhá:President Trump Easter Lunch White House April 1 2026.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: Trump ar an 1 Aibreán]] [[Íomhá:Members of the Tehran Jewish community navigating the site where the Rafi'-Nia synagogue was destroyed.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: scrios Iosrael [[sionagóg]] i dTehran ar an 7 Aibreán<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Destruction of the Rafi'-Nia synagogue|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Destruction_of_the_Rafi%27-Nia_synagogue&oldid=1347796670|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-04-08|language=en}}</ref>]] [[Íomhá:New Lego Video From Iran Losers First!-1920X1080-Avc1-Mp4a.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: Bolscaireacht de chuid na hIaráine, 8 Aibréan]] == Polaitíocht == Ar an 1 Márta, mhaígh Donald Trump go raibh “diúracáin fadraoin agus airm núicléacha ag an Iaráin a bheadh ina mbagairt uafásach do gach Meiriceánach”.  D’áitigh lucht a cháinte gur as a chonlán fhéin, i gcomhar le hIosrael, a rinne Trump an t-ionsaí agus nach raibh aon chríoch shoiléir oibrithe amach ina aigne aige, agus gur anord níos measa a tharlódh dá bharr sa réigiún. Thug  Rialtas na Breataine cead d'fhórsaí Mheiriceá leas a bhaint as bunáiteanna aeir sa Bhreatain agus iad ar a mbealach chun na Murascaille, “ar chúinsí cosanta”.  Ansin rinneadh  ionsaí dróin ar bhunáit mhíleata leis an mBreatain sa Chipir.<ref name=":0" /> Cáineadh an cogadh go hidirnáisiúnta, agus dhiúltaigh an Spáinn do Mheiriceá úsáid a bhaint as bunáiteanna míleata atá roinnte idir an dá thír.<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/7-m%C3%A1rta-2026-t%C3%ADr-eoghain/id1525428808?i=1000753770820|teideal=Nuacht Mhall, (Tír Eoghain)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=7 Márta 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2026-03-09}}</ref> Thug an Ríocht Aontaithe cead. Ar an 8 Márta, ceapadh [[Mojtaba Khamenei]] mar an Ayatollah nua.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c78xxg05w0zo|teideal=Who is Mojtaba Khamenei, Iran's new supreme leader?|dáta=2026-03-08|language=en-GB|work=www.bbc.com|dátarochtana=2026-03-09}}</ref> Gortaíodh é ar an 28 Feabhra agus maraíodh a thuistí agus a bhean. Níor tháinig sé os comhair an phobail. == Taidhleoireacht == Ar an 1 Márta, mhaígh an tUachtarán Trump inné go raibh ceannairí na hIaráine i dteagmháil leis chun cúrsaí a phlé ach dúirt Ali Larijani, an t-oifigeach slándála náisiúnta is sinsearaí san Iaráin ag an am, agus a bhí fós beo, nach ndéanfadh an Phoblacht Ioslamach aon idirbheartaíocht leis na Stáit Aontaithe. De réir pobalbhreith de chuid Reuters/Ipsos ag an am, ní raibh ach 27% de Mheiriceánaigh ag tacú le hionsaithe na Stát Aontaithe ar an Iaráin agus marú an cheannaire agus mheas thart ar a leath, duine as gach ceathrar Poblachtánach ina measc, go raibh tóir rómhór ag Trump ar an neart míleata.<ref name=":0" /> I ndiaidh seachtain de chogadh san Mheánoirthear, bhí leithscéal déanta ag Uachtarán na hIaráine, [[Masoud Pezeshkian]], as ionsaithe a rinneadh ar thíortha eile timpeall Mhurascaill na Peirse. Dúirt sé nach ndéanfaí ionsaí ar thír ar bith nach bhfuil ag ionsaí na hIaráine.<ref name=":2" /> Ach lean ionsaithe na hIaráine ar aghaidh. Bhí Pezeshkian gan chumhacht Tuairiscíodh go raibh an Rúis ag cur eolas faisnéise ar fáil don Iaráin. Bhí sé seo ag teacht salach ar fad ar ról Mheiriceá i g[[Ionradh na Rúise ar an Úcráin|Cogadh na hRúise san Úcráin]] <ref name=":10" />. Ar an 17 Márta, thug Donald Trump ropadh faoina chomhghuaillithe in [[Eagraíocht Chonradh an Atlantaigh Thuaidh]] [ECAT] a dhiúltaigh dá iarratas go dtabharfaidís cúnamh do Mheiriceá le Caolas Hormuz a oscailt do loingeas.<ref name=":16" /> Ar an 18 Márta, rinne aerfhórsa Iosrael ruathar ar an ngáscheantar is mó ar domhan ar chósta thiar theas na hIaráine. Ansin bhagair Trump go scriosfaí stáisiúin cumhachta na hIaráine muna "n-osclófaí go hiomlán" Caolas Hormuz . D'ardaigh praghas gáis go suntasach ar fud an domhain agus tháinig scaoll sna margaí dá bharr.<ref name=":20" /> Ar an 23 Márta, mhaígh Trump go raibh "comhráití maithe agus fiúntacha" ann leis an Iaráin. Thug Trump na margaí chun suaimhnis. Ach bhí [[trádáil cos istigh]] ann is cosúil. Tharla bisiú ollmhór ar scaireanna díreach roimh an cúpla focal de chuid Trump.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-today-dow-sp-500-nasdaq-03-24-2026/card/mystery-jump-in-oil-trading-ahead-of-trump-post-draws-scrutiny-56sgwdXtlOlonqIKDsL6|teideal=Mystery Jump in Oil Trading Ahead of Trump Post Draws Scrutiny|language=en-US|work=The Wall Street Journal|dátarochtana=2026-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/insider-trading-oil-futures-trump-iran-post/|teideal=Oil trades surged just before Trump's post on Iran talks. Some experts are suspicious. - CBS News|dáta=2026-03-24|language=en-US|work=www.cbsnews.com|dátarochtana=2026-03-25}}</ref> Ansin shéan Tehran gur tharla a leithéid de chomhrá ná de chainteanna, ag tabhairt '[[bréagnuacht]]' ar ráiteas Uachtarán na S-A.<ref name=":22">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Diúracáin á radadh ar Iosrael, cainteanna Trump séanta ag Tehran|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0324/1564922-diuracain-a-radadh-ar-iosrael-cainteanna-trump-seanta-ag-tehran/|date=2026-03-24|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Caithfidh sé gur ag margaíocht leis féin a bhí Trump, ar Rialtas na hIaráine le teann searbhais. Ar aon chuma, a dúirt na hIaránaigh, níor lú leo ná an sioc dul chun cainte leis an bhfear céanna.<ref name=":23">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An spéir ina caor thine sa Mheánoirthear arís ó mhaidin|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0325/1565099-an-speir-ina-caor-thine-sa-mheanoirthear-aris-o-mhaidin/|date=2026-03-25|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Fágadh drochbhail ar na margaí aon uair amháin eile (thit na scaireanna arís, agus d'ardaigh praghas an ola). Ar an 6-7 Aibreán, shéan an Teach Bán go raibh Meiriceá ag breithniú airm núicléacha a chaitheamh leis an Iaráin. Rinne Trump bagairtí uafásacha agus labhair LeasUachtarán JD Vance faoi "uirlisí a bheith ag na Fórsaí Armtha nár bhain muid leas astu fós". B'éigean don Réimeas i Washington an "soiléiriú" a dhéanamh níos déanaí.<ref name=":30">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Clabhsúr iomlán ar an gcogadh ón Iaráin, ag séanadh sprioc Trump|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0406/1566930-deireadh-leis-an-gcogadh-on-iarain-ag-seanadh-sprioc-trump/|date=2026-04-06|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref name=":31">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Meiriceá ag séanadh go scaoilfidh siad airm núicléacha|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0407/1567072-meiricea-ag-seanadh-go-scaoilfidh-siad-airm-nuicleach/|date=2026-04-07|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> === An chéad sos cogaidh === Tar éis 40 lá trodaíochta, dúirt Trump ar a shuíomh meán sóisialta féin, [[Truth Social]], ar an 7 Aibreán go mbeadh sos cogaidh i bhfeidhm ‘ar an dá thaobh’ ar feadh coicíse agus go n-osclófaí Caolas Hormuz “ina iomláine, láithreach bonn agus go sábháilte”.<ref name=":29" /> Ach dheimhnigh Rialtas na hIaráine go raibh smacht aige i gcónaí ar Chaolas Hormuz. Thug sé rabhadh go scriosfar aon long a sheolfar trí Chaolas Hormuz gan chead na hIaráine a fháil ar dtús.<ref name=":32">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title="Tá Caolas Hormuz fós dúnta", a deir an Iaráin|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0408/1567287-ta-caolas-hormuz-fos-dunta-a-deir-an-iarain/|date=2026-04-08|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> In ainneoin sos cogaidh, rinne Iosrael sraith mórionsaithe ar an Liobáin ar an 8 Aibreán.<ref name=":33">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Sraith mórionsaithe ar an Liobáin inniu, in ainneoin sos cogaidh|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0408/1567240-sraith-morionsaithe-ar-an-liobain-inniu-in-ainneoin-sos-cogaidh/|date=2026-04-08|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Dúirt aireacht sláinte na Liobáine ar maidin gur maraíodh 300 duine. Bhí an Iaráin míshásta nach raibh stop curtha ag Iosrael lena n-ionsaithe ar an Liobáin. Dhún an Iaráin an Caolas arís i bhfianaise ionsaithe Iosrael ar an Liobáin, agus in ainneoin sos cogaidh a bheith aontaithe.<ref name=":37" /> Dúirt Príomhaire na Spáinne, Pedro Sanchez, "Níl an Spáinn chun bualadh bos mór a thabhairt dóibh siúd a chuir an domhan trí thine díreach toisc gur tháinig siad ar an láthair le buicéad."<ref name=":34">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Fáilte curtha roimh an sos cogaidh sa mheánoirthear|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0408/1567162-failte-curtha-roimh-an-sos-cogaidh-sa-mheanoirthear-ag-ceannairi/|date=2026-04-08|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> === Coireanna === Dúirt Ardchoimisinéir um Chearta an Duine na Náisiún Aontaithe, Volker Turk, gur coireanna cogaidh a bhí sna hionsaithe ar infreastruchtúir sibhialtach mar go sháraigh siad an sainmhíniú beacht atá ar spriocanna míleata.<ref name=":24">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ionsaithe-trump-ar-infreastruchtuir-fuinnimh-na-hiaraine-curtha-ar-athla/|teideal=Ionsaithe Trump ar infreastruchtúir fuinnimh na hIaráine curtha ar athlá|dáta=2026-03-23|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-25}}</ref> D'ionsaigh Iosrael agus na S-A droichid, traein agus bonneagar eile.<ref>Ar an 6 Márta, d'fhógair PríomhAire Iosrael Benjamin Netanyahu go raibh an tír sin tar éis ionsaithe buamála a dhéanamh ar iarnróid agus ar dhroichid "a bhíonn á n-úsáid ag Garda na Réabhlóide (sárfhórsaí Arm na hIaráine).</ref> Coir cogaidh a bhí ina leithéid a mhaígh saineolaithe ar an dlí idirnáisiúnta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2026/apr/03/us-war-crimes-iran-civilian-infrastructure-international-law-school-strike|teideal=Is the US committing war crimes by targeting Iran’s civilian infrastructure?|údar=Peter Beaumont|dáta=2026-04-03|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|dátarochtana=2026-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/04/08/questions-and-answers-us-israel-iran-and-the-laws-of-war|teideal=Questions and Answers: US, Israel, Iran, and the Laws of War {{!}} Human Rights Watch|dáta=2026-04-08|language=en|dátarochtana=2026-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://docs.un.org/en/S/2026/130|teideal=An official letter from the Permanent Representative of Iran to the UN (S/2026/130) formally accused the United States and Israel of committing war crimes through the systematic and intentional destruction of vital civilian infrastructure.|údar=United Nations Security Council|work=docs.un.org|dátarochtana=2026-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/04/iran-president-trumps-apocalyptic-threats-of-large-scale-civilian-devastation-demand-urgent-global-action-to-prevent-atrocity-crimes/|teideal=Iran: President Trump’s apocalyptic threats of large-scale civilian devastation demand urgent global action to prevent atrocity crimes|dáta=2026-04-07|language=en|work=Amnesty International|dátarochtana=2026-04-08}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Donald_Trump_condemns_Pope_Leo_XIV.png|clé|mion|220x220px|Ráiteas de chuid Trump, 12 Aibreán 2026]] I mí Aibreáin 2026, bhí an Pápa faoi ionsaí ag an [[Uachtarán Trump]] agus a chomhghuaillithe as diúltú tacú leis an g[[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]]. Bhí rialtas Trump ag iarraidh a chogadh san Iaráin a léiriú mar “chogadh cóir”, cogadh tacaithe ag diagacht Chríostaí. Bhí easaontas láidir déanta ag an bPápa, áfach, ag rá nach n-éisteann Íosa “le paidreacha na ndaoine a théann i mbun cogaidh”. Bhí cáineadh déanta ag an Pápa Leo ar cheannairí a chaitheann billiúin ar chogaí agus dúirt sé go raibh an domhan “á scriosadh ag dornán tíoránach” i ráiteas thar a bheith láidir le linn cuairte ar Chamarún.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/18-aibre%C3%A1n-2026-baile-%C3%A1tha-cliath/id1525428808?i=1000762165654|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Baile Átha Cliath)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=18 Aibreán 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2026-04-18}}</ref> [[Íomhá:The_"Arabella_C"_at_Foynes_(July_2002)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4719239.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|lárionaid dáileacháin ola i bh[[Faing]], [[Calafort Faing]]]] [[Íomhá:The_"Thun_Gemini",_Belfast_(September_2018)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5911750.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|An tancaeir "Thun Gemini"; ní raibh sí in ann a lastas a dhíluchtú ag lárionaid dáileacháin ola Circle K i nGaillimh. Bhí an taincéir ar ancaire i gCuan na Gaillimhe agus sé mhilliún líotar ola ar bord aici, breosla nach rabhthas ábalta a thabhairt i dtír ag calafort na Gaillimhe.]] == Éire == Bhí  suas le 20,000 as Éireann  ina gcónaí i stáit na Murascaille in 2026. Bhí sé i gceist ag an Rialtas na hÉireann teacht i gcabhair ar shaoránaigh de chuid na hÉireann a bhí ina gcónaí sa Mheánoirthear nó a bhí ar cuairt ar an réigiún.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Níl an réabadh san Iaráin ach ina thús' – Trump, Rubio|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0303/1561364-nil-an-reabadh-san-iarain-ach-ina-thus-trump-rubio/|date=2026-03-03|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Thuirling an chéad eitleán paisinéirí as Dubai go hÉirinn in Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath.<ref name=":7">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Thuirling an chéad eitleán paisinéirí as Dubai go hÉirinn in Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath. Bí seo an chéad eitilt as an taobh sin den domhan ó thosaigh na Stáit Aontaithe agus Iosrael a gcuid ionsaithe ar an Iaráin.|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/podcasts/22590173-eoghan-corry-eagarthoir-na-hirise-air-travel/|language=ga-IE|author=Eoghan Corry : Eagarthóir na hirise Air & Travel. / RnaG - Nuacht a hAon|date=5 Márta 2026}}</ref> Mhaígh an Taoiseach Micheál Martin nach raibh aerfort na Sionainne á úsáid ag eitleáin de chuid aerfhórsa na Stát Aontaithe a bhí páirteach sa bhfeachtas buamála.<ref name=":13">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Níl aerfort na Sionainne á úsáid ag aerfhórsa Mheiriceá'|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0315/1563556-nil-aerfort-na-sionainne-a-usaid-ag-aerfhorsa-mheiricea/|date=2026-03-15|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> D'ardaigh ola tí ó €500 ar 500 lítear i mí Feabhra go €900 ar an 20 Márta. D'ardaigh díosal ó €1.80 an lítear go €2.25 agus bhí peitril é féin tuairim is €2 an lítear.<ref name=":21" /><ref name=":25">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Praghas breosla tite i stáisiúin seirbhísí ó mhaidin|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0325/1565100-praghas-breosla-tite-i-staisiuin-seirbhisi-o-mhaidin/|date=2026-03-25|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> <ref name=":26">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/03/pacaiste-tacaiochta-fogartha-ag-an-rialtas-le-dul-i-ngleic-le-costas-ola/|teideal=Pacáiste tacaíochta fógartha ag an rialtas le dul i ngleic le costas ola|údar=Eagarthóir|dáta=2026-03-27|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-03-30}}</ref> Thit praghas breosla tite i stáisiúin seirbhísí ar fud na tíre nuair a laghdaíodh an dleacht mháil a ghearrtar ar pheitreal agus ar dhíosal <ref name=":19">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tarlóirí sásta go bhfaighidh siad 'tacaíocht mhór' ón Rialtas|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0319/1564117-tarloiri-bothair-ag-bagairt-dul-i-muinin-na-hagoidiochta/|date=2026-03-19|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Tháinig 2% d'ardú ar an meán ar phraghsanna do thomhaltóirí sa chéad choicís de mhí an Mhárta, agus ardú de 11% ar phraghsanna fuinnimh i gcaitheamh an achair sin.<ref name=":27">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=1.8% d'ardú ar phraghsanna sa chéad choicís de Mhárta|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0330/1565859-1-8-dardu-ar-phraghsanna-sa-chead-choicis-de-mharta/|date=2026-03-30|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Bhí feirmeoirí atá ag an ardú as miosúr a tháinig ar phraghas [[Leasachán|leasacháin]].<ref name=":28">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Imní go mbeidh feirmeoirí as leasachán gan mhoill|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0330/1565858-imni-go-mbeidh-feirmeoiri-as-leasachan-gan-mhoill/|date=2026-03-30|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Ar an 2 Aibreán, dúirt an Taoiseach Micheál Martin nach raibh aon mheas aige ar chaint dhíblí Trump, go háirithe a ndúirt sé faoin Iaráin "a ath-chlochaoisiú" le buamaí. "Níl glacadh ar bith le caint mar é", arsa an Taoiseach. "Níl muintir na hIaráine freagrach as an gcogadh agus caithfear iad a chosaint [seachas iad a dhealbhú]", a dúirt sé.<ref name=":35">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trump ag bagairt an Iaráin a chlochaoisiú le buamaí|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0402/1566415-trump-ag-bagairt-an-iarain-a-chlochaoisiu-le-buamai/|date=2026-04-02|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Ar an 7-10 Aibreán, [[Aighneas an bhreosla 2026|eagraíodh agóidí ar fud na hÉireann]] i gcoinne an chostais [[breosla]].<ref name=":36">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tá na hagóidí breosla "mícheart" a deir an Taoiseach|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0408/1567197-ta-na-hagoidi-breosla-micheart-a-deir-an-taoiseach/|date=2026-04-08|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> {{Príomhalt|Aighneas an bhreosla 2026}} == Féach freisin == * [[Cogadh Iosrael-Gaza]] * [[Hezbollah]] * [[Cogadh na Dhá Lá Dhéag 2025]] * [[Cór Gharda na Réabhlóide Ioslamaí]] * [[Ionsaí ar scoil i Minab san Iaráin, 2026|Ionsaí ar scoil i Minab, 2026]] == Nuacht == 2 Márta<ref name=":0" /> 3 Márta 4 Márta<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Long chogaidh leis an Iaráin pollta, curtha síos|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0304/1561632-long-chogaidh-leis-an-iarain-pollta-curtha-sios/|date=2026-03-04|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An Liobáin agus an Iaráin á dtuairgneáil tuilleadh|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0304/1561547-an-liobain-agus-an-iarain-a-dtuairgneail-tuilleadh/|date=2026-03-04|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref name=":02" /> 5 Márta<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Rún ag Iosrael múr a dhéanamh de bhonneagar na hIaráine'|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0305/1561750-run-ag-iosrael-mur-a-dheanamh-de-bhonneagar-na-hiaraine/|date=2026-03-05|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ardú ar phraghas breosla: daoine 'á bhfeannadh'|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0305/1561834-ardu-ar-phraghas-breosla-daoine-a-bhfeannadh/|date=2026-03-05|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> 6 Márta<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/03/sam-meaite-ar-chogadh-fada-agus-an-iarain-ag-seasamh-an-fhoid/|teideal=SAM meáite ar chogadh fada agus an Iaráin ag seasamh an fhóid|údar=Eoin Ó Murchú (Páirtí Cumannach Éireann)|dáta=2026-03-06|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Cairteitilt Rialtais ó Ómán go hÉirinn tráthnóna|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0306/1561992-cairteitilt-rialtais-o-oman-go-heirinn-trathnona/|date=2026-03-06|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> 9 Márta<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iosrael fós ag ionsaí na hIaráine agus Tehran fós ag freagairt|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0309/1562411-iosrael-fos-ag-ionsai-na-hiaraine-agus-tehran-fos-ag-freagairt/|date=2026-03-09|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> 10 Márta<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/imni-faoi-stadas-na-teanga-in-ollscoil-na-gaillimhe-agus-post-mor-eile-fogartha-gan-riachtanas-gaeilge/|teideal=‘An lá is déine ionsaithe fós againn ar an Iaráin’ – Rúnaí Cosanta na Stát Aontaithe|dáta=2026-03-10|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An Iaráin: 'cogadh beagnach thart' nó 'níl deireadh leis fós'?|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0310/1562572-an-iarain-cogadh-beagnach-thart-ach-nil-deireadh-leis-fos/|date=2026-03-10|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> 11 Márta<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Ní ligfear ‘an lítear amháin féin ola’ trí Chaolas Hormuz – an Iaráin|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ni-ligfear-an-litear-amhain-fein-ola-tri-chaolas-hormuz-an-iarain/|work=Tuairisc.ie|dáta=2026-03-11|dátarochtana=2026-03-12|language=ga-IE}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> 13 Márta<ref name=":10" /> 12 Márta<ref name=":8">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://sceal.ie/2026/03/a-dtithe-treigthe-ag-breis-is-3-2-milliun-duine-san-iarain/|teideal=A dtithe tréigthe ag breis is 3.2 milliún duine san Iaráin|údar=Tuairisc|dáta=2026-03-12|language=ga-IE|work=Scéal|dátarochtana=2026-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ollruathar eile á dhéanamh ag fórsaí Iosrael ar an Iaráin|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0312/1563010-ollruathar-eile-a-dheanamh-ag-forsai-iosrael-ar-an-iarain/|date=2026-03-12|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> 13 Márta 14 Márta<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Oileán Kharg tagtha faoi thréanionsaí ó fhórsaí Mheiriceá|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0314/1563462-oilean-kharg-tagtha-faoi-threanionsai-o-fhorsai-mheiricea/|date=2026-03-14|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTE}}</ref><ref name=":9" /> 15 Márta<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Breis ionsaithe á mbeartú ar Oileán Kharg|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0315/1563512-breis-ionsaithe-a-mbeartu-ar-oilean-kharg/|date=2026-03-15|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref name=":11" /> 16 Márta<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":14" /> 17 Márta<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An Iaráin in uachtar i gcruinniú an Tí Bháin|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0317/1563859-an-iarain-in-uachtar-i-gcruinniu-an-ti-bhain/|date=2026-03-17|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> 18 Márta<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /><ref name=":16" /> 19 Márta<ref name=":20">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trump míshásta faoi ionsaí ar gháscheantar san Iaráin|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0319/1564115-trump-mishasta-faoi-ionsai-ar-ghascheantar-san-iarain/|date=2026-03-19|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref name=":19" /> 20 Márta<ref name=":18" /> 23 Márta<ref name=":21">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Laghdú ar dhleacht mháil, pheitril & díosail á phlé ag an Rialtas|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0323/1564736-laghdu-ar-dhleacht-mhail-pheitril-diosail-a-phle-ag-an-rialtas/|date=2026-03-23|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Sos 5 lá ar ionsaithe SAM ar stáisiúin leictreachais na hIaráine|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0323/1564755-sos-5-la-ar-ionsaithe-sam-ar-staisiuin-leictreachais-na-hiaraine/|date=2026-03-23|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> <ref name=":24" /> 24 Márta<ref name=":22" /> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/iosrael-agus-an-iaraic-a-ruscadh-ag-diuracain-malairt-sceil-ag-na-stait-aontaithe-agus-an-iarain-faoi-chainteanna/|teideal=Iosrael agus an Iaráic á rúscadh ag diúracáin, malairt scéil ag na Stáit Aontaithe agus an Iaráin faoi chainteanna|dáta=2026-03-24|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-25}}</ref> 25 Márta<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/25/us-israel-war-on-iran-whats-happening-on-day-26-of-attacks|teideal=US-Israel war on Iran: What’s happening on day 26 of attacks?|údar=Elizabeth Melimopoulos|language=en|work=Al Jazeera|dátarochtana=2026-03-25}}</ref> <ref name=":23" /> <ref name=":25" /> 26 Márta<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An Iaráin: caint ar 'léas dóchais' ach leanann an bhuamáil|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0326/1565289-an-iarain-caint-ar-leas-dochais-ach-leanann-an-bhuamail/|date=2026-03-26|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> 27 Márta<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='1,900 duine maraithe agus 20,000 gortaithe san Iaráin le mí'|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0327/1565454-1-900-duine-maraithe-agus-20-000-gortaithe-san-iarain-le-mi/|date=2026-03-27|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref name=":26" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/03/neamhinniulacht-trump-agus-gearu-an-chogaidh-le-teacht/|teideal=Neamhinniúlacht Trump agus géarú an chogaidh le teacht|údar=Cathal Ó Murchú|dáta=2026-03-27|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ionsaithe-trump-infreastruchtuir-fuinnimh-na-hiaraine-curtha-ar-athla-aris/|teideal=Ionsaithe Trump ar infreastruchtúr fuinnimh na hIaráine curtha ar athlá arís|dáta=2026-03-27|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-30}}</ref> 30 Márta<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An Iaráin: Trump ag caint ar bhinn a thógáil ar Oileán Kharg|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0330/1565856-an-iarain-trump-ag-caint-ar-bhinn-a-thogail-ar-oilean-kharg/|date=2026-03-30|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref name=":27" /><ref name=":28" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/bagairt-deanta-ag-trump-go-scriosfaidh-se-laithreacha-fuinnimh-uile-na-hiaraine-mura-ndeantar-margadh/|teideal=Bagairt déanta ag Trump go ‘scriosfaidh’ sé láithreacha fuinnimh uile na hIaráine mura ndéantar margadh|dáta=2026-03-30|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-03-30}}</ref> 31 Márta<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tancaer ola in Dubai curtha trí thine ag diúracán ón Iaráin|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0331/1566037-tancaer-ola-in-dubai-curtha-tri-thine-ag-diuracan-on-iarain/|date=2026-03-31|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> 1 Aibreán<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An Iaráin "ag iarraidh sos cogaidh" – Trump|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0401/1566309-an-iarain-ag-iarraidh-sos-cogaidh-trump/|date=2026-04-01|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title="Easpa breosla eitleáin faoi cheann míosa" - Ceannasaí Ryanair|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0401/1566251-easpa-breosla-eitleain-faoi-cheann-miosa-ceannasai-ryanair/|date=2026-04-01|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> 2 Aibreán<ref name=":35" /> 3 Aibreán 4 Aibreán 5 Aibreán 6 Aibreán<ref name=":31" /><ref name=":30" /> 7 Aibreán<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ta-meath-iosrael-ag-teacht-agus-buaic-a-chumhachta-sroichte-aige/|teideal=Tá meath Iosrael ag teacht agus buaic a chumhachta sroichte aige|údar=Fachtna Ó Drisceoil|dáta=7 Aibreán 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-04-08}}</ref><ref name=":32" /><ref name=":33" /><ref name=":36" /><ref name=":34" /><ref name=":29" /> 8 Aibreán<ref name=":37" /> == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Cogadh Iosrael–Iaráin]] [[Catagóir:2026]] [[Catagóir:Stair Iosrael]] [[Catagóir:Stair na hIaráine]] [[Catagóir:Cogaí]] [[Catagóir:Cogadh na hIaráine 2026]] [[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]] sxxt5zapekqliobrsj4was2oftwsugd 2 128635 1330561 1330435 2026-10-24T18:14:51Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 1330561 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ================================================== --> <!-- LEATHANACH ÚSÁIDEORA — SANDUÍCHE DE PRESUNTO --> <!-- Próifíl phearsanta ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge --> <!-- ================================================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius:12px; overflow:hidden; background:#ffffff; color:#202122;" |- ! colspan="2" style="padding:28px 18px; background:#08783e; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-size:180%;" | Dia duit! Is mise Sanduíche de Presunto. |- | colspan="2" style="padding:16px; background:#159957; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-size:110%;" | '''Fáilte chuig mo leathanach úsáideora ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge!''' |- | colspan="2" style="padding:12px; text-align:center;" | {{Babel|pt|en-4|de-3|gd-3|ga-3}} |- | style="width:180px; padding:16px; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:#f0f7f2;" | [[File:Bandeira de Alagoas.svg|150px|alt=Bratach Alagoas]] [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|150px|alt=Bratach na Brasaíle]] | style="padding:20px; vertical-align:middle;" | Is as Alagoas, an Bhrasaíl, mé, agus is ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise is mó a bhí mé ag déanamh eagarthóireachta. Táim ag cur níos mó le Vicipéid na Gaeilge anois freisin. Tá suim agam i dteicneolaíocht, sa ríomhaireacht, sa stair, sa cheol, san eolaíocht agus sa fhealsúnacht. Táim fós ag foghlaim na Gaeilge. Fáiltím roimh cheartúcháin chairdiúla, moltaí maidir le téarmaíocht agus comhairle a chabhróidh liom feabhas a chur ar mo chuid scríbhneoireachta. |} == Boscaí úsáideora == === An Bhrasaíl agus m'aitheantas === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFDF00||Is Brasaíleach mé, agus tá bród agus grá agam do mo thír!|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFFFFF||Is as oirthuaisceart na Brasaíle mé.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Is as Alagoas na Brasaíle mé.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#002776|#FFDF00||Aithním gur stór náisiúnta í bithéagsúlacht na Brasaíle.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Mo chuid spéiseanna === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Is nerd bródúil mé.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Is breá liom ríomhchlárú agus dífhabhtú.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Tá suim agam sa stair.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Tá suim agam san eolaíocht.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#A64D79|#F9EAF1||Is breá liom an fhealsúnacht agus an smaointeoireacht chriticiúil.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#CC0000|#FCE8E6||Tá suim agam sa cheol.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#08783E|#E9F5EC||Tá meas agam ar an jaguar, ceann de mhórchreachadóirí na Brasaíle.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Vicipéid agus eolas oscailte === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFFFFF||Cuirim leis an Vicipéid Phortaingéilise.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#019529|#FFFFFF||Cuirim le Vicipéid na Gaeilge freisin.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Creidim gur cheart go mbeadh eolas saor agus inrochtana do chách.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Déanaim eagarthóireacht ar Vicipéid go minic — féach ar mo ranníocaíochtaí!|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Bím ag eagarthóireacht Vicipéid lá agus oíche.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Déanaim iarracht foinsí iontaofa a sheiceáil.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||B'fhearr liom ailt a fheabhsú ná argóint a dhéanamh ar Vicipéid.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Eolaíocht agus dearcadh ar an domhan === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Glacaim le teoiric na héabhlóide.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Tá meas agam ar oidhreacht smaointeoireachta an tSoilsithe.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Ní chreidim go bhfuil déithe ann.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Luachanna agus an tsochaí === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Diúltaím don chlaontacht agus don leithcheal.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Creidim sa bhráithreachas agus sa dlúthpháirtíocht idir daoine.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Tacaím leis an daonlathas.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFFFFF||Tacaím leis an tsaoirse mar bhunluach.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Creidim gur cheart cultúr agus eolas a roinnt, seachas iad a leithreasú.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Tá meas agam ar imircigh, lena n-áirítear daoine gan cháipéisí.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#A64D79|#F9EAF1||Ní thaitníonn an fanatachas liom.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Táim in aghaidh úsáid lotnaidicídí agus agraiceimiceán.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Saoirse cainte agus polaitíocht === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Táim i gcoinne na cinsireachta ar an Idirlíon.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Tacaím le saoirse cainte ar Vicipéid.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#A64D79|#F9EAF1||Measaim gur bagairt í an chinsireacht ar shaor-mhalartú smaointe.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Measaim gur féidir leis an gceartas polaitiúil féin-chinsireacht a chothú.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Tacaím le Anonymous.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Tacaím leis an gceart seasamh in aghaidh forghabhála agus impiriúlachais.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Táim i gcoinne gluaiseachtaí deighilteacha sa Bhrasaíl.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Is vótálaí neamhspleách mé agus ní maith liom gníomhaíochas páirtíneach.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Creidim gur féidir smaointe maithe a fháil ar an eite chlé agus ar an eite dheas araon.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Teicneolaíocht agus an saol digiteach === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Úsáidim Wine chun cláir Windows a rith.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Níl síntiús agam le seirbhís sruthaithe ceoil ar bith; is fearr liom MP3anna as líne.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Bíonn Wi-Fi mo chomharsan ró-mhealltach uaireanta… ssssh!|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Ullmhacht don rud is measa === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Táim réidh don lá a thiocfaidh na zombaí!|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Measaim go bhféadfadh an Tríú Cogadh Domhanda tarlú.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> == Fúm == Is eagarthóir mé ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise, áit a mbím ag obair ar ailt faoi réimse leathan ábhar. Thosaigh mé ag cur go gníomhach le Vicipéid na Gaeilge i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 freisin. Is deis í an Vicipéid dom taighde a dhéanamh, eolas nua a fhoghlaim, téacsanna a fheabhsú agus comhoibriú le daoine a bhfuil spéiseanna agus tuairimí éagsúla acu. Táim ag iarraidh cur le ciclipéid atá cruinn, soiléir, neodrach agus bunaithe ar fhoinsí iontaofa. Feicim an eagarthóireacht mar phróiseas leanúnach foghlama: is cuid nádúrtha den obair iad botúin a aithint, faisnéis a cheartú agus glacadh le moltaí cuiditheacha. == Mo chuid spéiseanna == {| style="width:100%; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:5px;" |- | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #0b5394; background:#eaf3fb;" | '''Teicneolaíocht agus ríomhaireacht''' Ríomhairí, bogearraí, an t-idirlíon, córais dhigiteacha agus forbairt na teicneolaíochta. | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #b45f06; background:#fff2df;" | '''Stair agus cultúr''' Imeachtaí stairiúla, sochaithe, smaointe polaitiúla agus cultúrtha, agus an gaol idir an t-am atá thart agus an lá atá inniu ann. |- | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #674ea7; background:#f0ebfa;" | '''Ceol''' Seánraí ceoil, ceoltóirí, saothair cheoil agus an gaol idir ceol agus an tsochaí. | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #38761d; background:#edf7e9;" | '''Eolaíocht agus eolas ginearálta''' Fionnachtana, fiosracht eolaíoch, coincheapa agus smaointe a chuidíonn linn an domhan a thuiscint. |- | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #45818e; background:#e8f4f5;" | '''Fealsúnacht''' Eolas, eitic, smaointeoireacht chriticiúil agus ceisteanna faoinár dtuiscint ar an domhan. | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #a64d79; background:#f9eaf1;" | '''Taighde agus scríbhneoireacht''' Foinsí a mheas, fíricí a sheiceáil, téacsanna a chur in eagar agus eolas a eagrú ar bhealach soiléir. |} == Prionsabail a bhfuil meas agam orthu == * '''Fíoraitheacht:''' faisnéis a fhoilsiú ar féidir í a sheiceáil trí fhoinsí iontaofa. * '''Neodracht:''' ábhair a chur i láthair go cothrom, gan áibhéil ná claonadh pearsanta. * '''Smaointeoireacht chriticiúil:''' argóintí a scrúdú, toimhdí a cheistiú agus mínithe eile a mheas. * '''Oscailteacht don cheartú:''' a aithint gur féidir liom a bheith mícheart agus gur gá conclúidí a athbhreithniú nuair a thagann fianaise nua chun solais. * '''Foghlaim leanúnach:''' botúin agus ceartúcháin a úsáid mar dheiseanna chun feabhas a chur ar mo chuid oibre. * '''Comhoibriú:''' meas a bheith agam ar obair eagarthóirí eile agus páirt a ghlacadh i bplé cuiditheach. * '''Inrochtaineacht an eolais:''' eolas a chur ar fáil ar bhealach soiléir sothuigthe. * '''Meas ar dhaoine eile:''' smaointe a phlé go béasach, fiú nuair nach n-aontaímid lena chéile. Is treoirphrionsabail phearsanta iad seo. Níl mé foirfe, agus táim sásta foghlaim ó dhaoine eile. == Mo chuid oibre ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge == Táim ag cur le Vicipéid na Gaeilge trí ailt nua a chruthú agus trí ailt atá ann cheana a leathnú, a athstruchtúrú agus a fheabhsú. Is iad an ríomhaireacht, an teicneolaíocht, an mhatamaitic, an ceol, an stair agus an Fhoirmle a hAon cuid de na réimsí ar dhírigh mé orthu go dtí seo. Bíonn an obair ag athrú ó alt go halt: uaireanta is gá sainmhíniú nó míniú teicniúil a athscríobh; uaireanta eile bíonn taighde breise, tagairtí, íomhánna, táblaí nó ceartúcháin bheaga de dhíth. Seo thíos rogha de na hailt ar oibrigh mé orthu ó thosaigh mé ag cur leis an leagan Gaeilge i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026. === Ailt a chruthaigh mé === * [[Struchtúr sonraí]] — alt nua ar struchtúir sonraí, lena n-áirítear eagair, liostaí nasctha, cruacha, scuainí, táblaí haisithe, crainn, graif agus anailís ar chastacht ama. * [[Fender Meteora]] — alt faoin ngiotár leictreach Fender Meteora. * [[Giotár Leathfhuaimiúil]] — alt faoin ngiotár leathfhuaimiúil, lena dhearadh, a stair agus a úsáid. * [[Fender Mustang]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Mustang. * [[Fender Jaguar]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Jaguar. * [[Fender Jazzmaster]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Jazzmaster. * [[Fender Telecaster]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Telecaster. * [[Séasúr Foirmle a hAon 2026]] — alt faoin séasúr Foirmle a hAon 2026, le táblaí, íomhánna agus faisnéis maidir leis an gcraobh. * [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives]] — alt faoin bhfoireann rásaíochta Francach. === Ailt a leathnaigh nó a athstruchtúraigh mé go mór === ==== Ríomhaireacht agus teicneolaíocht ==== * [[Algartam]] — athscríobh agus leathnú ar an sean-alt, le sainmhíniú níos cruinne, samplaí, míniúcháin agus foinsí feabhsaithe. * [[Crua-earraí ríomhaire]] — athchóiriú mór ar an alt, le níos mó foinsí, íomhánna agus míniúcháin theicniúla. * [[Ríomhaire]] — leathnú mór ar an ábhar, le foinsí agus léaráidí breise agus ceartúcháin ar an struchtúr. * [[Ríomhaire pearsanta]] — leathnú ar an alt agus níos mó comhthéacs maidir le ríomhairí pearsanta. * [[Ríomhaire táibléid]] — leathnú suntasach agus atheagrú ar chodanna den alt. * [[Ríomheolaíocht]] — athstruchtúrú agus leathnú mór ar an ábhar, le coincheapa agus míniúcháin bhreise. * [[Ríomhaireacht]] — leathnú mór, le tuilleadh míniúchán teicniúil, samplaí agus foinsí. * [[ABAIR]] — obair bhreise ar an alt maidir leis an tionscadal agus an teicneolaíocht lena mbaineann. ==== Matamaitic agus eolas teicniúil ==== * [[Matamaitic]] — leathnú agus feabhsú ar an alt, le míniúcháin agus ríomhanna breise. * [[Struchtúr sonraí]] — cruthú alt cuimsithigh ar chineálacha struchtúr sonraí agus ar an gcaoi a ndéantar comparáid idir a bhfeidhmíocht. ==== Stair agus cultúr ==== * [[Cogadh na Rósanna]] — leathnú ar an alt agus feabhsú ar na foinsí, ar an struchtúr agus ar na híomhánna. * [[Stobhach Gaelach]] — leathnú ar an alt agus foinsí breise. * [[Olltoghchán na Brasaíle, 2026]] — leathnú ar an alt le tuilleadh sonraí faoi na toghcháin, na hiarrthóirí, na pobalbhreitheanna, na torthaí agus comhdhéanamh na Comhdhála, chomh maith le táblaí agus foinsí breise. ==== Foirmle a hAon agus spórt mótair ==== * [[Foirmle a hAon]] — athnuachan agus leathnú mór ar an alt, le foinsiú agus comhthéacs breise. * [[Séasúr Foirmle a hAon 2026]] — cruthú agus feabhsú an ailt faoin séasúr reatha, lena n-áirítear táblaí agus íomhánna. === Eagarthóireacht leanúnach === Tá mionathruithe agus obair chothabhála déanta agam ar roinnt alt eile freisin, go háirithe ar ailt faoi ghiotáir Fender, ríomhairí agus ábhair ghaolmhara. Áirítear leis sin ceartúcháin ar théacs, feabhsuithe ar naisc agus athbhreithniú ar chodanna áirithe den ábhar. Ní liosta uileghabhálach é seo. Is féidir mo chuid athruithe uile agus stair na n-alt a fheiceáil ar Vicipéid. [https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Sandu%C3%ADche_de_Presunto Féach ar mo chuid ranníocaíochtaí ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge.] == Mo chuid oibre ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise == Rinne mé ailt a chruthú, a leathnú, a athstruchtúrú agus a athbhreithniú ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise. Baineann cuid de na hathruithe seo le hathscríobh fairsing, taighde stairiúil nó teicniúil agus feabhas ar na foinsí; baineann cuid eile le ceartúcháin níos lú, le téarmaíocht agus le cothabháil. Seo a leanas rogha d'alt a ndearna mé obair orthu. Ní hionann méid na hoibre i ngach cás. === Ailt a chruthaigh mé === * [[:pt:MESM|MESM]] — ríomhaire luath Sóivéadach. * [[:pt:Catodoluminescência|Catodoluminescência]] — feiniméan fisiceach agus a fheidhmeanna. * [[:pt:Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos|Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos]] — liosta córasach de chórais ríomhaireachta Sóivéadacha. === Stair mhíleata agus an Dara Cogadh Domhanda === * [[:pt:Operação Bodenplatte|Operação Bodenplatte]] — leathnú agus athbhreithniú ginearálta ar an alt, le comhthéacs stairiúil agus foinsí breise. * [[:pt:Operação Nordwind|Operação Nordwind]] — athbhreithniú ar an gcroineolaíocht, ar na cathanna, ar na haonaid agus ar na meastacháin taismeach. * [[:pt:Operação Rainha|Operação Rainha]] — athstruchtúrú, ceartú croineolaíochta agus athbhreithniú ar fhoinsí agus ar ord catha. * [[:pt:Republic F-105 Thunderchief|Republic F-105 Thunderchief]] — athstruchtúrú agus leathnú an ailt, le hathbhreithniú stairiúil agus teicniúil. * [[:pt:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17|Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17]] — athbhreithniú, leathnú ar an ábhar agus íomhánna breise. * [[:pt:Guerra das Rosas|Guerra das Rosas]] — athbhreithniú ar chúiseanna, ar chroineolaíocht agus ar léirmhíniú stairiúil an choinbhleachta. * [[:pt:Batalha de Towton|Batalha de Towton]] — athbhreithniú ar an insint stairiúil, ar na foinsí agus ar na meastacháin taismeach. * [[:pt:Batalha de Barnet|Batalha de Barnet]] — comhthéacs feachtais, foinsí breise agus plé ar neamhchinnteacht stairiúil. * [[:pt:Eduardo V de Inglaterra|Eduardo V de Inglaterra]] — athstruchtúrú ar an mbeathaisnéis agus athbhreithniú ar chroineolaíocht agus ar chonspóidí maidir leis na Prionsaí sa Túr. === Stair na hEorpa agus stair pholaitiúil === * [[:pt:Eduardo, o Confessor|Eduardo, o Confessor]] — leathnú agus athbhreithniú ar stair a réimis, ar an gcomharbas agus ar a oidhreacht reiligiúnach. * [[:pt:Henrique VI de Inglaterra|Henrique VI de Inglaterra]] — athstruchtúrú beathaisnéise, croineolaíocht agus comhthéacs stairiúil. * [[:pt:Margarida de Anjou|Margarida de Anjou]] — athstruchtúrú ar an mbeathaisnéis agus athbhreithniú ar chonspóidí maidir lena ról polaitiúil. * [[:pt:Casa de Valois-Anjou|Casa de Valois-Anjou]] — leathnú ar stair an teaghlaigh, ar na héilimh dynastacha agus ar an gcomharbas. * [[:pt:Danelaw|Danelaw]] — athbhreithniú ar na foinsí acadúla agus ar an idirdhealú idir comhaontuithe Wedmore agus Alfred–Guthrum. * [[:pt:Reino da Inglaterra|Reino da Inglaterra]] — athstruchtúrú agus leathnú ar an stair agus ar an gcroineolaíocht. * [[:pt:Irlanda do Norte|Irlanda do Norte]] — athbhreithniú agus leathnú ar an alt, lena n-áirítear stair, teangacha agus athbheochan teanga. * [[:pt:Aliança Renovadora Nacional|Aliança Renovadora Nacional]] — athbhreithniú ar stair an pháirtí, ar an gcóras dépháirtí, ar thoghcháin agus ar a chomharbaí. * [[:pt:Ação Libertadora Nacional|Ação Libertadora Nacional]] — leathnú agus athbhreithniú ar chomhthéacs stairiúil agus ar fhoinsí an ailt. === Ríomhaireacht, bogearraí agus leictreonaic === * [[:pt:Rambus|Rambus]] — stair RDRAM, forbairt an mhargaidh cuimhne agus an chonspóid in aghaidh trustaí. * [[:pt:Classe (programação)|Classe (programação)]] — athbhreithniú agus leathnú ar choincheapa na ríomhchlárúcháin. * [[:pt:Objeto (ciência da computação)|Objeto (ciência da computação)]] — athbhreithniú agus leathnú ar an sainmhíniú agus ar an gcomhthéacs teicniúil. * [[:pt:Programação orientada a objetos|Programação orientada a objetos]] — athstruchtúrú ar na coincheapa, sampla Java agus foinsí breise. * [[:pt:Linguagem de programação|Linguagem de programação]] — athbhreithniú ar an sainmhíniú, ar an stair agus ar na cineálacha teangacha. * [[:pt:Linguagem interpretada|Linguagem interpretada]] — soiléiriú ar an difríocht idir léirmhíniú, tiomsú, bytecode agus JIT. * [[:pt:Java (linguagem de programação)|Java (linguagem de programação)]] — ceartúcháin theicniúla, stairiúla agus samplaí cód. * [[:pt:JavaFX|JavaFX]] — nuashonrú ar ghnéithe, ar stair agus ar naisc an ailt. * [[:pt:Circuito integrado de aplicação especifica|Circuito integrado de aplicação específica]] — athstruchtúrú ar an sainmhíniú ar ASIC agus ar an idirdhealú idir ASIC, SoC agus FPGA. * [[:pt:Tubo de raios catódicos|Tubo de raios catódicos]] — athbhreithniú ar an bhfeidhmiú, ar an stair, ar an monarú agus ar an athchúrsáil. * [[:pt:Microsoft x MikeRoweSoft|Microsoft x MikeRoweSoft]] — athbhreithniú ar chroineolaíocht na díospóide agus ar an socrú a rinneadh. * [[:pt:Fim de vida (produto)|Fim de vida (produto)]] — soiléiriú ar an difríocht idir deireadh díolacháin agus deireadh tacaíochta teicniúla. * [[:pt:Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos|Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos]] — cruthú agus eagrú liosta de chórais ríomhaireachta Sóivéadacha de réir feidhme agus teaghlaigh. === Eolaíocht, cultúr agus ábhair eile === * [[:pt:Catodoluminescência|Catodoluminescência]] — alt nua faoi phrionsabail fhisiceacha agus feidhmeanna an fheiniméin. * [[:pt:Espécie-chave|Espécie-chave]] — athbhreithniú ar an sainmhíniú, ar shamplaí agus ar choincheapa gaolmhara san éiceolaíocht. * [[:pt:Línguas gaélicas|Línguas gaélicas]] — leathnú agus ceartúcháin ar aicmiú teangeolaíoch agus ar chóid ISO. * [[:pt:Aku no Hana|Aku no Hana]] — athbhreithniú ar an alt, ar na hoiriúnuithe agus ar na boscaí faisnéise. * [[:pt:Airline Tycoon|Airline Tycoon]] — athstruchtúrú ar an alt faoin gcluiche, ar an gcluichíocht agus ar stair na n-eisiúintí. * [[:pt:X (empresa)|X (empresa)]] — nuashonrú ar stair agus ar ghníomhaíochtaí na cuideachta. * [[:pt:Tux|Tux]] — mionathruithe eagarthóireachta. * [[:pt:Ranger 8|Ranger 8]] — athbhreithniú ar chur síos an mhisin agus ar shonraí na gceamaraí. === Foinsí, teanga agus cothabháil === I measc na n-athruithe eile a rinne mé tá ceartúcháin ghramadaí agus téarmaíochta, feabhsuithe ar naisc, nuashonruithe ar fhoinsí agus cothabháil ar ailt éagsúla. Is samplaí iad na hiontrálacha thuas de mo chuid oibre; is féidir tuilleadh sonraí a fheiceáil i stair na n-alt agus i mo liosta ranníocaíochtaí ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise. [[:pt:Usuário:Sanduíche de Presunto|Féach ar mo leathanach úsáideora ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise.]] == Nótaí maidir le mo chuid oibre == * Déanaim iarracht foinsí iontaofa agus neamhspleácha a úsáid nuair is cuí. * Déanaim iarracht téacsanna a scríobh agus a athstruchtúrú chun go mbeidh siad níos soiléire agus níos éasca le léamh. * Bíonn fáilte agam roimh cheartúcháin ar an nGaeilge, go háirithe maidir le gramadach, téarmaíocht agus nádúrthacht na scríbhneoireachta. * Ní hionann méid na hoibre ar gach alt, agus d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh feabhsuithe eile fós ag teastáil ó chuid de na leathanaigh a ndearna mé eagarthóireacht orthu. == Nóta == Is leathanach úsáideora pearsanta é seo. Ní alt ciclipéideach é, agus léiríonn sé mo chuid spéiseanna, mo chuid oibre agus mo chur chuige féin i leith na heagarthóireachta. [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|frameless|25px|alt=Bratach na Brasaíle]] [https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Sandu%C3%ADche_de_Presunto Mo chuid ranníocaíochtaí ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge] ivxfv5u97hpmqpokbw2yzgy5d6x6t0q 1330580 1330561 2026-10-25T01:26:10Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 1330580 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ================================================== --> <!-- LEATHANACH ÚSÁIDEORA — SANDUÍCHE DE PRESUNTO --> <!-- Próifíl phearsanta ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge --> <!-- ================================================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius:12px; overflow:hidden; background:#ffffff; color:#202122;" |- ! colspan="2" style="padding:28px 18px; background:#08783e; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-size:180%;" | Dia duit! Is mise Sanduíche de Presunto. |- | colspan="2" style="padding:16px; background:#159957; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-size:110%;" | '''Fáilte chuig mo leathanach úsáideora ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge!''' |- | colspan="2" style="padding:12px; text-align:center;" | {{Babel|pt|en-4|de-3|gd-3|ga-3}} |- | style="width:180px; padding:16px; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:#f0f7f2;" | [[File:Bandeira de Alagoas.svg|150px|alt=Bratach Alagoas]] [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|150px|alt=Bratach na Brasaíle]] | style="padding:20px; vertical-align:middle;" | Is as Alagoas, an Bhrasaíl, mé, agus is ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise is mó a bhí mé ag déanamh eagarthóireachta. Táim ag cur níos mó le Vicipéid na Gaeilge anois freisin. Tá suim agam i dteicneolaíocht, sa ríomhaireacht, sa stair, sa cheol, san eolaíocht agus san fhealsúnacht. Táim fós ag foghlaim na Gaeilge. Fáiltím roimh cheartúcháin chairdiúla, moltaí maidir le téarmaíocht agus comhairle a chabhróidh liom feabhas a chur ar mo chuid scríbhneoireachta. |} == Boscaí úsáideora == === An Bhrasaíl agus m'aitheantas === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFDF00||Is Brasaíleach mé, agus tá bród agus grá agam do mo thír!|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFFFFF||Is as oirthuaisceart na Brasaíle mé.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Is as Alagoas na Brasaíle mé.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#002776|#FFDF00||Aithním gur stór náisiúnta í bithéagsúlacht na Brasaíle.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Mo chuid spéiseanna === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Is nerd bródúil mé.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Is breá liom ríomhchlárú agus dífhabhtú.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Tá suim agam sa stair.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Tá suim agam san eolaíocht.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#A64D79|#F9EAF1||Is breá liom an fhealsúnacht agus an smaointeoireacht chriticiúil.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#CC0000|#FCE8E6||Tá suim agam sa cheol.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#08783E|#E9F5EC||Tá meas agam ar an jaguar, ceann de mhórchreachadóirí na Brasaíle.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Vicipéid agus eolas oscailte === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFFFFF||Cuirim leis an Vicipéid Phortaingéilise.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#019529|#FFFFFF||Cuirim le Vicipéid na Gaeilge freisin.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Creidim gur cheart go mbeadh eolas saor agus inrochtana do chách.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Déanaim eagarthóireacht ar Vicipéid go minic — féach ar mo ranníocaíochtaí!|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Bím ag eagarthóireacht Vicipéid lá agus oíche.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Déanaim iarracht foinsí iontaofa a sheiceáil.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||B'fhearr liom ailt a fheabhsú ná argóint a dhéanamh ar Vicipéid.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Eolaíocht agus dearcadh ar an domhan === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Glacaim le teoiric na héabhlóide.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Tá meas agam ar oidhreacht smaointeoireachta an tSoilsithe.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Ní chreidim go bhfuil déithe ann.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Luachanna agus an tsochaí === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Diúltaím don chlaontacht agus don leithcheal.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Creidim sa bhráithreachas agus sa dlúthpháirtíocht idir daoine.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Tacaím leis an daonlathas.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFFFFF||Tacaím leis an tsaoirse mar bhunluach.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Creidim gur cheart cultúr agus eolas a roinnt, seachas iad a leithreasú.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Tá meas agam ar imircigh, lena n-áirítear daoine gan cháipéisí.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#A64D79|#F9EAF1||Ní thaitníonn an fanatachas liom.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Táim in aghaidh úsáid lotnaidicídí agus agraiceimiceán.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Saoirse cainte agus polaitíocht === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Táim i gcoinne na cinsireachta ar an Idirlíon.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Tacaím le saoirse cainte ar Vicipéid.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#A64D79|#F9EAF1||Measaim gur bagairt í an chinsireacht ar shaor-mhalartú smaointe.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Measaim gur féidir leis an gceartas polaitiúil féin-chinsireacht a chothú.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Tacaím le Anonymous.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Tacaím leis an gceart seasamh in aghaidh forghabhála agus impiriúlachais.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Táim i gcoinne gluaiseachtaí deighilteacha sa Bhrasaíl.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Is vótálaí neamhspleách mé agus ní maith liom gníomhaíochas páirtíneach.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Creidim gur féidir smaointe maithe a fháil ar an eite chlé agus ar an eite dheas araon.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Teicneolaíocht agus an saol digiteach === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Úsáidim Wine chun cláir Windows a rith.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Níl síntiús agam le seirbhís sruthaithe ceoil ar bith; is fearr liom MP3anna as líne.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Bíonn Wi-Fi mo chomharsan ró-mhealltach uaireanta… ssssh!|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Ullmhacht don rud is measa === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Táim réidh don lá a thiocfaidh na zombaí!|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Measaim go bhféadfadh an Tríú Cogadh Domhanda tarlú.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> == Fúm == Is eagarthóir mé ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise, áit a mbím ag obair ar ailt faoi réimse leathan ábhar. Thosaigh mé ag cur go gníomhach le Vicipéid na Gaeilge i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 freisin. Is deis í an Vicipéid dom taighde a dhéanamh, eolas nua a fhoghlaim, téacsanna a fheabhsú agus comhoibriú le daoine a bhfuil spéiseanna agus tuairimí éagsúla acu. Táim ag iarraidh cur le ciclipéid atá cruinn, soiléir, neodrach agus bunaithe ar fhoinsí iontaofa. Feicim an eagarthóireacht mar phróiseas leanúnach foghlama: is cuid nádúrtha den obair iad botúin a aithint, faisnéis a cheartú agus glacadh le moltaí cuiditheacha. == Mo chuid spéiseanna == {| style="width:100%; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:5px;" |- | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #0b5394; background:#eaf3fb;" | '''Teicneolaíocht agus ríomhaireacht''' Ríomhairí, bogearraí, an t-idirlíon, córais dhigiteacha agus forbairt na teicneolaíochta. | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #b45f06; background:#fff2df;" | '''Stair agus cultúr''' Imeachtaí stairiúla, sochaithe, smaointe polaitiúla agus cultúrtha, agus an gaol idir an t-am atá thart agus an lá atá inniu ann. |- | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #674ea7; background:#f0ebfa;" | '''Ceol''' Seánraí ceoil, ceoltóirí, saothair cheoil agus an gaol idir ceol agus an tsochaí. | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #38761d; background:#edf7e9;" | '''Eolaíocht agus eolas ginearálta''' Fionnachtana, fiosracht eolaíoch, coincheapa agus smaointe a chuidíonn linn an domhan a thuiscint. |- | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #45818e; background:#e8f4f5;" | '''Fealsúnacht''' Eolas, eitic, smaointeoireacht chriticiúil agus ceisteanna faoinár dtuiscint ar an domhan. | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #a64d79; background:#f9eaf1;" | '''Taighde agus scríbhneoireacht''' Foinsí a mheas, fíricí a sheiceáil, téacsanna a chur in eagar agus eolas a eagrú ar bhealach soiléir. |} == Prionsabail a bhfuil meas agam orthu == * '''Fíoraitheacht:''' faisnéis a fhoilsiú ar féidir í a sheiceáil trí fhoinsí iontaofa. * '''Neodracht:''' ábhair a chur i láthair go cothrom, gan áibhéil ná claonadh pearsanta. * '''Smaointeoireacht chriticiúil:''' argóintí a scrúdú, toimhdí a cheistiú agus mínithe eile a mheas. * '''Oscailteacht don cheartú:''' a aithint gur féidir liom a bheith mícheart agus gur gá conclúidí a athbhreithniú nuair a thagann fianaise nua chun solais. * '''Foghlaim leanúnach:''' botúin agus ceartúcháin a úsáid mar dheiseanna chun feabhas a chur ar mo chuid oibre. * '''Comhoibriú:''' meas a bheith agam ar obair eagarthóirí eile agus páirt a ghlacadh i bplé cuiditheach. * '''Inrochtaineacht an eolais:''' eolas a chur ar fáil ar bhealach soiléir sothuigthe. * '''Meas ar dhaoine eile:''' smaointe a phlé go béasach, fiú nuair nach n-aontaímid lena chéile. Is treoirphrionsabail phearsanta iad seo. Níl mé foirfe, agus táim sásta foghlaim ó dhaoine eile. == Mo chuid oibre ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge == Táim ag cur le Vicipéid na Gaeilge trí ailt nua a chruthú agus trí ailt atá ann cheana a leathnú, a athstruchtúrú agus a fheabhsú. Go dtí seo, dhírigh mé go háirithe ar an ríomhaireacht, ar an teicneolaíocht, ar an matamaitic, ar an gceol, ar an stair agus ar an bhFoirmle a hAon. Bíonn an obair ag athrú ó alt go halt: uaireanta is gá sainmhíniú nó míniú teicniúil a athscríobh; uaireanta eile bíonn taighde breise, tagairtí, íomhánna, léaráidí, táblaí nó ceartúcháin de dhíth. Seo thíos rogha de na hailt ar oibrigh mé orthu ó thosaigh mé ag cur go gníomhach leis an leagan Gaeilge i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026. === Ailt a chruthaigh mé === ==== Ríomhaireacht, matamaitic agus teicneolaíocht ==== * [[Teoiric na ríomhaireachta]] — alt cuimsitheach faoi theoiric na ríomhaireachta, le mínithe, léaráidí agus samplaí matamaiticiúla. * [[Castacht ríomhaireachtúil]] — alt nua faoi chastacht ríomhaireachtúil, le mínithe agus samplaí a léiríonn an chaoi a ndéantar anailís ar acmhainní ríomhaireachtúla. * [[Nodaireacht Big O]] — alt nua faoi nodaireacht Big O agus a húsáid chun fás castachta algartam a chur síos. * [[Struchtúr sonraí]] — alt nua ar struchtúir sonraí, lena n-áirítear eagair, liostaí nasctha, cruacha, scuainí, táblaí haisithe, crainn agus graif. ==== Giotáir ==== * [[Fender Stratocaster]] — alt faoin ngiotár leictreach Fender Stratocaster. * [[Fender Telecaster]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Telecaster, lena stair agus a dhearadh. * [[Fender Jazzmaster]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Jazzmaster. * [[Fender Jaguar]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Jaguar. * [[Fender Mustang]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Mustang. * [[Fender Meteora]] — alt faoin ngiotár leictreach Fender Meteora. * [[Giotár Leathfhuaimiúil]] — alt faoin ngiotár leathfhuaimiúil, lena dhearadh, a stair agus a úsáid. ==== Foirmle a hAon agus spórt mótair ==== * [[Séasúr Foirmle a hAon 2026]] — alt faoin séasúr Foirmle a hAon 2026, le táblaí, íomhánna agus faisnéis maidir leis an gcraobh. * [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives]] — alt faoin bhfoireann rásaíochta Francach. === Ailt a leathnaigh nó a athstruchtúraigh mé go mór === ==== Ríomhaireacht agus teicneolaíocht ==== * [[Algartam]] — athscríobh agus leathnú ar an sean-alt, le sainmhíniú níos cruinne, samplaí, míniúcháin agus foinsí feabhsaithe. * [[Crua-earraí ríomhaire]] — athchóiriú mór ar an alt, le níos mó foinsí, íomhánna agus míniúcháin theicniúla. * [[Ríomhaire]] — leathnú mór ar an ábhar, le foinsí agus léaráidí breise agus ceartúcháin ar an struchtúr. * [[Ríomhaire pearsanta]] — leathnú ar an alt agus comhthéacs breise maidir le ríomhairí pearsanta. * [[Ríomhaire táibléid]] — leathnú suntasach agus atheagrú ar chodanna den alt. * [[Ríomheolaíocht]] — athstruchtúrú agus leathnú mór ar an ábhar, le coincheapa agus míniúcháin bhreise. * [[Ríomhaireacht]] — leathnú mór ar an alt, le míniúcháin theicniúla, samplaí agus foinsí breise. * [[ABAIR]] — obair bhreise ar an alt faoin tionscadal agus faoin teicneolaíocht lena mbaineann. ==== Matamaitic ==== * [[Matamaitic]] — leathnú agus feabhsú ar an alt, le míniúcháin agus ríomhanna breise. ==== Stair agus cultúr ==== * [[Cogadh na Rósanna]] — leathnú ar an alt agus feabhsú ar na foinsí, ar an struchtúr agus ar na híomhánna. * [[Stobhach Gaelach]] — leathnú ar an alt agus foinsí breise. * [[Olltoghchán na Brasaíle, 2026]] — leathnú ar an alt le tuilleadh sonraí faoi na toghcháin, na hiarrthóirí, na pobalbhreitheanna, na torthaí agus comhdhéanamh na Comhdhála, chomh maith le táblaí agus foinsí breise. ==== Foirmle a hAon ==== * [[Foirmle a hAon]] — athnuachan agus leathnú mór ar an alt, le foinsiú agus comhthéacs breise. === Eagarthóireacht leanúnach === Tá mionathruithe agus obair chothabhála déanta agam ar roinnt alt eile freisin, go háirithe ar ailt faoi ghiotáir Fender, ríomhairí agus ábhair ghaolmhara. Áirítear leis sin ceartúcháin ar théacs, feabhsuithe ar naisc, athbhreithniú ar chodanna áirithe den ábhar agus ceartúcháin bheaga ar ailt a chruthaigh mé féin roimhe seo. Ní liosta uileghabhálach é seo, agus ní hionann méid na hoibre a rinne mé ar gach alt. Is féidir mo chuid athruithe uile agus stair na n-alt a fheiceáil ar Vicipéid. [https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Sandu%C3%ADche_de_Presunto Féach ar mo chuid ranníocaíochtaí ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge.] == Mo chuid oibre ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise == Rinne mé ailt a chruthú, a leathnú, a athstruchtúrú agus a athbhreithniú ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise. Baineann cuid de na hathruithe seo le hathscríobh fairsing, taighde stairiúil nó teicniúil agus feabhas ar na foinsí; baineann cuid eile le ceartúcháin níos lú, le téarmaíocht agus le cothabháil. Seo a leanas rogha d'alt a ndearna mé obair orthu. Ní hionann méid na hoibre i ngach cás. === Ailt a chruthaigh mé === * [[:pt:MESM|MESM]] — ríomhaire luath Sóivéadach. * [[:pt:Catodoluminescência|Catodoluminescência]] — feiniméan fisiceach agus a fheidhmeanna. * [[:pt:Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos|Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos]] — liosta córasach de chórais ríomhaireachta Sóivéadacha. === Stair mhíleata agus an Dara Cogadh Domhanda === * [[:pt:Operação Bodenplatte|Operação Bodenplatte]] — leathnú agus athbhreithniú ginearálta ar an alt, le comhthéacs stairiúil agus foinsí breise. * [[:pt:Operação Nordwind|Operação Nordwind]] — athbhreithniú ar an gcroineolaíocht, ar na cathanna, ar na haonaid agus ar na meastacháin taismeach. * [[:pt:Operação Rainha|Operação Rainha]] — athstruchtúrú, ceartú croineolaíochta agus athbhreithniú ar fhoinsí agus ar ord catha. * [[:pt:Republic F-105 Thunderchief|Republic F-105 Thunderchief]] — athstruchtúrú agus leathnú an ailt, le hathbhreithniú stairiúil agus teicniúil. * [[:pt:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17|Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17]] — athbhreithniú, leathnú ar an ábhar agus íomhánna breise. * [[:pt:Guerra das Rosas|Guerra das Rosas]] — athbhreithniú ar chúiseanna, ar chroineolaíocht agus ar léirmhíniú stairiúil an choinbhleachta. * [[:pt:Batalha de Towton|Batalha de Towton]] — athbhreithniú ar an insint stairiúil, ar na foinsí agus ar na meastacháin taismeach. * [[:pt:Batalha de Barnet|Batalha de Barnet]] — comhthéacs feachtais, foinsí breise agus plé ar neamhchinnteacht stairiúil. * [[:pt:Eduardo V de Inglaterra|Eduardo V de Inglaterra]] — athstruchtúrú ar an mbeathaisnéis agus athbhreithniú ar chroineolaíocht agus ar chonspóidí maidir leis na Prionsaí sa Túr. === Stair na hEorpa agus stair pholaitiúil === * [[:pt:Eduardo, o Confessor|Eduardo, o Confessor]] — leathnú agus athbhreithniú ar stair a réimis, ar an gcomharbas agus ar a oidhreacht reiligiúnach. * [[:pt:Henrique VI de Inglaterra|Henrique VI de Inglaterra]] — athstruchtúrú beathaisnéise, croineolaíocht agus comhthéacs stairiúil. * [[:pt:Margarida de Anjou|Margarida de Anjou]] — athstruchtúrú ar an mbeathaisnéis agus athbhreithniú ar chonspóidí maidir lena ról polaitiúil. * [[:pt:Casa de Valois-Anjou|Casa de Valois-Anjou]] — leathnú ar stair an teaghlaigh, ar na héilimh dynastacha agus ar an gcomharbas. * [[:pt:Danelaw|Danelaw]] — athbhreithniú ar na foinsí acadúla agus ar an idirdhealú idir comhaontuithe Wedmore agus Alfred–Guthrum. * [[:pt:Reino da Inglaterra|Reino da Inglaterra]] — athstruchtúrú agus leathnú ar an stair agus ar an gcroineolaíocht. * [[:pt:Irlanda do Norte|Irlanda do Norte]] — athbhreithniú agus leathnú ar an alt, lena n-áirítear stair, teangacha agus athbheochan teanga. * [[:pt:Aliança Renovadora Nacional|Aliança Renovadora Nacional]] — athbhreithniú ar stair an pháirtí, ar an gcóras dépháirtí, ar thoghcháin agus ar a chomharbaí. * [[:pt:Ação Libertadora Nacional|Ação Libertadora Nacional]] — leathnú agus athbhreithniú ar chomhthéacs stairiúil agus ar fhoinsí an ailt. === Ríomhaireacht, bogearraí agus leictreonaic === * [[:pt:Rambus|Rambus]] — stair RDRAM, forbairt an mhargaidh cuimhne agus an chonspóid in aghaidh trustaí. * [[:pt:Classe (programação)|Classe (programação)]] — athbhreithniú agus leathnú ar choincheapa na ríomhchlárúcháin. * [[:pt:Objeto (ciência da computação)|Objeto (ciência da computação)]] — athbhreithniú agus leathnú ar an sainmhíniú agus ar an gcomhthéacs teicniúil. * [[:pt:Programação orientada a objetos|Programação orientada a objetos]] — athstruchtúrú ar na coincheapa, sampla Java agus foinsí breise. * [[:pt:Linguagem de programação|Linguagem de programação]] — athbhreithniú ar an sainmhíniú, ar an stair agus ar na cineálacha teangacha. * [[:pt:Linguagem interpretada|Linguagem interpretada]] — soiléiriú ar an difríocht idir léirmhíniú, tiomsú, bytecode agus JIT. * [[:pt:Java (linguagem de programação)|Java (linguagem de programação)]] — ceartúcháin theicniúla, stairiúla agus samplaí cód. * [[:pt:JavaFX|JavaFX]] — nuashonrú ar ghnéithe, ar stair agus ar naisc an ailt. * [[:pt:Circuito integrado de aplicação especifica|Circuito integrado de aplicação específica]] — athstruchtúrú ar an sainmhíniú ar ASIC agus ar an idirdhealú idir ASIC, SoC agus FPGA. * [[:pt:Tubo de raios catódicos|Tubo de raios catódicos]] — athbhreithniú ar an bhfeidhmiú, ar an stair, ar an monarú agus ar an athchúrsáil. * [[:pt:Microsoft x MikeRoweSoft|Microsoft x MikeRoweSoft]] — athbhreithniú ar chroineolaíocht na díospóide agus ar an socrú a rinneadh. * [[:pt:Fim de vida (produto)|Fim de vida (produto)]] — soiléiriú ar an difríocht idir deireadh díolacháin agus deireadh tacaíochta teicniúla. * [[:pt:Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos|Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos]] — cruthú agus eagrú liosta de chórais ríomhaireachta Sóivéadacha de réir feidhme agus teaghlaigh. === Eolaíocht, cultúr agus ábhair eile === * [[:pt:Catodoluminescência|Catodoluminescência]] — alt nua faoi phrionsabail fhisiceacha agus feidhmeanna an fheiniméin. * [[:pt:Espécie-chave|Espécie-chave]] — athbhreithniú ar an sainmhíniú, ar shamplaí agus ar choincheapa gaolmhara san éiceolaíocht. * [[:pt:Línguas gaélicas|Línguas gaélicas]] — leathnú agus ceartúcháin ar aicmiú teangeolaíoch agus ar chóid ISO. * [[:pt:Aku no Hana|Aku no Hana]] — athbhreithniú ar an alt, ar na hoiriúnuithe agus ar na boscaí faisnéise. * [[:pt:Airline Tycoon|Airline Tycoon]] — athstruchtúrú ar an alt faoin gcluiche, ar an gcluichíocht agus ar stair na n-eisiúintí. * [[:pt:X (empresa)|X (empresa)]] — nuashonrú ar stair agus ar ghníomhaíochtaí na cuideachta. * [[:pt:Tux|Tux]] — mionathruithe eagarthóireachta. * [[:pt:Ranger 8|Ranger 8]] — athbhreithniú ar chur síos an mhisin agus ar shonraí na gceamaraí. === Foinsí, teanga agus cothabháil === I measc na n-athruithe eile a rinne mé tá ceartúcháin ghramadaí agus téarmaíochta, feabhsuithe ar naisc, nuashonruithe ar fhoinsí agus cothabháil ar ailt éagsúla. Is samplaí iad na hiontrálacha thuas de mo chuid oibre; is féidir tuilleadh sonraí a fheiceáil i stair na n-alt agus i mo liosta ranníocaíochtaí ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise. [[:pt:Usuário:Sanduíche de Presunto|Féach ar mo leathanach úsáideora ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise.]] == Nótaí maidir le mo chuid oibre == * Déanaim iarracht foinsí iontaofa agus neamhspleácha a úsáid nuair is cuí. * Déanaim iarracht téacsanna a scríobh agus a athstruchtúrú chun go mbeidh siad níos soiléire agus níos éasca le léamh. * Bíonn fáilte agam roimh cheartúcháin ar an nGaeilge, go háirithe maidir le gramadach, téarmaíocht agus nádúrthacht na scríbhneoireachta. * Ní hionann méid na hoibre ar gach alt, agus d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh feabhsuithe eile fós ag teastáil ó chuid de na leathanaigh a ndearna mé eagarthóireacht orthu. == Nóta == Is leathanach úsáideora pearsanta é seo. Ní alt ciclipéideach é, agus léiríonn sé mo chuid spéiseanna, mo chuid oibre agus mo chur chuige féin i leith na heagarthóireachta. [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|frameless|25px|alt=Bratach na Brasaíle]] [https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Sandu%C3%ADche_de_Presunto Mo chuid ranníocaíochtaí ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge] 6sn9nwbxd6n7iixl514tdgfpfwtib2b 1330582 1330580 2026-10-25T03:26:16Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 1330582 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ================================================== --> <!-- LEATHANACH ÚSÁIDEORA — SANDUÍCHE DE PRESUNTO --> <!-- Próifíl phearsanta ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge --> <!-- ================================================== --> {| style="width:100%; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius:12px; overflow:hidden; background:#ffffff; color:#202122;" |- ! colspan="2" style="padding:28px 18px; background:#08783e; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-size:180%;" | Dia duit! Is mise Sanduíche de Presunto. |- | colspan="2" style="padding:16px; background:#159957; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-size:110%;" | '''Fáilte chuig mo leathanach úsáideora ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge!''' |- | colspan="2" style="padding:12px; text-align:center;" | {{Babel|pt|en-4|de-3|ga-3|gd-3|br-1|cy-1}} |- | style="width:180px; padding:16px; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:#f0f7f2;" | [[File:Bandeira de Alagoas.svg|150px|alt=Bratach Alagoas]] [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|150px|alt=Bratach na Brasaíle]] | style="padding:20px; vertical-align:middle;" | Is as Alagoas, an Bhrasaíl, mé, agus is ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise is mó a bhí mé ag déanamh eagarthóireachta. Táim ag cur níos mó le Vicipéid na Gaeilge anois freisin. Tá suim agam i dteicneolaíocht, sa ríomhaireacht, sa stair, sa cheol, san eolaíocht agus san fhealsúnacht. Táim fós ag foghlaim na Gaeilge. Fáiltím roimh cheartúcháin chairdiúla, moltaí maidir le téarmaíocht agus comhairle a chabhróidh liom feabhas a chur ar mo chuid scríbhneoireachta. |} == Boscaí úsáideora == === An Bhrasaíl agus m'aitheantas === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFDF00||Is Brasaíleach mé, agus tá bród agus grá agam do mo thír!|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFFFFF||Is as oirthuaisceart na Brasaíle mé.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Is as Alagoas na Brasaíle mé.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#002776|#FFDF00||Aithním gur stór náisiúnta í bithéagsúlacht na Brasaíle.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Mo chuid spéiseanna === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Is nerd bródúil mé.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Is breá liom ríomhchlárú agus dífhabhtú.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Tá suim agam sa stair.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Tá suim agam san eolaíocht.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#A64D79|#F9EAF1||Is breá liom an fhealsúnacht agus an smaointeoireacht chriticiúil.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#CC0000|#FCE8E6||Tá suim agam sa cheol.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#08783E|#E9F5EC||Tá meas agam ar an jaguar, ceann de mhórchreachadóirí na Brasaíle.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Vicipéid agus eolas oscailte === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFFFFF||Cuirim leis an Vicipéid Phortaingéilise.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#019529|#FFFFFF||Cuirim le Vicipéid na Gaeilge freisin.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Creidim gur cheart go mbeadh eolas saor agus inrochtana do chách.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Déanaim eagarthóireacht ar Vicipéid go minic — féach ar mo ranníocaíochtaí!|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Bím ag eagarthóireacht Vicipéid lá agus oíche.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Déanaim iarracht foinsí iontaofa a sheiceáil.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||B'fhearr liom ailt a fheabhsú ná argóint a dhéanamh ar Vicipéid.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Eolaíocht agus dearcadh ar an domhan === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Glacaim le teoiric na héabhlóide.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Tá meas agam ar oidhreacht smaointeoireachta an tSoilsithe.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Ní chreidim go bhfuil déithe ann.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Luachanna agus an tsochaí === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Diúltaím don chlaontacht agus don leithcheal.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Creidim sa bhráithreachas agus sa dlúthpháirtíocht idir daoine.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Tacaím leis an daonlathas.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#FFFFFF||Tacaím leis an tsaoirse mar bhunluach.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Creidim gur cheart cultúr agus eolas a roinnt, seachas iad a leithreasú.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Tá meas agam ar imircigh, lena n-áirítear daoine gan cháipéisí.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#A64D79|#F9EAF1||Ní thaitníonn an fanatachas liom.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Táim in aghaidh úsáid lotnaidicídí agus agraiceimiceán.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Saoirse cainte agus polaitíocht === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Táim i gcoinne na cinsireachta ar an Idirlíon.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Tacaím le saoirse cainte ar Vicipéid.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#A64D79|#F9EAF1||Measaim gur bagairt í an chinsireacht ar shaor-mhalartú smaointe.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Measaim gur féidir leis an gceartas polaitiúil féin-chinsireacht a chothú.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Tacaím le Anonymous.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Tacaím leis an gceart seasamh in aghaidh forghabhála agus impiriúlachais.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#009739|#E9F5EC||Táim i gcoinne gluaiseachtaí deighilteacha sa Bhrasaíl.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#674EA7|#F0EBFA||Is vótálaí neamhspleách mé agus ní maith liom gníomhaíochas páirtíneach.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Creidim gur féidir smaointe maithe a fháil ar an eite chlé agus ar an eite dheas araon.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Teicneolaíocht agus an saol digiteach === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Úsáidim Wine chun cláir Windows a rith.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Níl síntiús agam le seirbhís sruthaithe ceoil ar bith; is fearr liom MP3anna as líne.|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#0B5394|#EAF3FB||Bíonn Wi-Fi mo chomharsan ró-mhealltach uaireanta… ssssh!|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> === Ullmhacht don rud is measa === <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 0 1em 0; padding:8px;"> {{Boscaúsáideora|#38761D|#EDF7E9||Táim réidh don lá a thiocfaidh na zombaí!|8}} {{Boscaúsáideora|#000000|#E8E8E8||Measaim go bhféadfadh an Tríú Cogadh Domhanda tarlú.|8}} <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> == Fúm == Is eagarthóir mé ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise, áit a mbím ag obair ar ailt faoi réimse leathan ábhar. Thosaigh mé ag cur go gníomhach le Vicipéid na Gaeilge i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 freisin. Is deis í an Vicipéid dom taighde a dhéanamh, eolas nua a fhoghlaim, téacsanna a fheabhsú agus comhoibriú le daoine a bhfuil spéiseanna agus tuairimí éagsúla acu. Táim ag iarraidh cur le ciclipéid atá cruinn, soiléir, neodrach agus bunaithe ar fhoinsí iontaofa. Feicim an eagarthóireacht mar phróiseas leanúnach foghlama: is cuid nádúrtha den obair iad botúin a aithint, faisnéis a cheartú agus glacadh le moltaí cuiditheacha. == Mo chuid spéiseanna == {| style="width:100%; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:5px;" |- | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #0b5394; background:#eaf3fb;" | '''Teicneolaíocht agus ríomhaireacht''' Ríomhairí, bogearraí, an t-idirlíon, córais dhigiteacha agus forbairt na teicneolaíochta. | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #b45f06; background:#fff2df;" | '''Stair agus cultúr''' Imeachtaí stairiúla, sochaithe, smaointe polaitiúla agus cultúrtha, agus an gaol idir an t-am atá thart agus an lá atá inniu ann. |- | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #674ea7; background:#f0ebfa;" | '''Ceol''' Seánraí ceoil, ceoltóirí, saothair cheoil agus an gaol idir ceol agus an tsochaí. | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #38761d; background:#edf7e9;" | '''Eolaíocht agus eolas ginearálta''' Fionnachtana, fiosracht eolaíoch, coincheapa agus smaointe a chuidíonn linn an domhan a thuiscint. |- | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #45818e; background:#e8f4f5;" | '''Fealsúnacht''' Eolas, eitic, smaointeoireacht chriticiúil agus ceisteanna faoinár dtuiscint ar an domhan. | style="width:50%; padding:14px; border-left:5px solid #a64d79; background:#f9eaf1;" | '''Taighde agus scríbhneoireacht''' Foinsí a mheas, fíricí a sheiceáil, téacsanna a chur in eagar agus eolas a eagrú ar bhealach soiléir. |} == Prionsabail a bhfuil meas agam orthu == * '''Fíoraitheacht:''' faisnéis a fhoilsiú ar féidir í a sheiceáil trí fhoinsí iontaofa. * '''Neodracht:''' ábhair a chur i láthair go cothrom, gan áibhéil ná claonadh pearsanta. * '''Smaointeoireacht chriticiúil:''' argóintí a scrúdú, toimhdí a cheistiú agus mínithe eile a mheas. * '''Oscailteacht don cheartú:''' a aithint gur féidir liom a bheith mícheart agus gur gá conclúidí a athbhreithniú nuair a thagann fianaise nua chun solais. * '''Foghlaim leanúnach:''' botúin agus ceartúcháin a úsáid mar dheiseanna chun feabhas a chur ar mo chuid oibre. * '''Comhoibriú:''' meas a bheith agam ar obair eagarthóirí eile agus páirt a ghlacadh i bplé cuiditheach. * '''Inrochtaineacht an eolais:''' eolas a chur ar fáil ar bhealach soiléir sothuigthe. * '''Meas ar dhaoine eile:''' smaointe a phlé go béasach, fiú nuair nach n-aontaímid lena chéile. Is treoirphrionsabail phearsanta iad seo. Níl mé foirfe, agus táim sásta foghlaim ó dhaoine eile. == Mo chuid oibre ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge == Táim ag cur le Vicipéid na Gaeilge trí ailt nua a chruthú agus trí ailt atá ann cheana a leathnú, a athstruchtúrú agus a fheabhsú. Go dtí seo, dhírigh mé go háirithe ar an ríomhaireacht, ar an teicneolaíocht, ar an matamaitic, ar an gceol, ar an stair agus ar an bhFoirmle a hAon. Bíonn an obair ag athrú ó alt go halt: uaireanta is gá sainmhíniú nó míniú teicniúil a athscríobh; uaireanta eile bíonn taighde breise, tagairtí, íomhánna, léaráidí, táblaí nó ceartúcháin de dhíth. Seo thíos rogha de na hailt ar oibrigh mé orthu ó thosaigh mé ag cur go gníomhach leis an leagan Gaeilge i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026. === Ailt a chruthaigh mé === ==== Ríomhaireacht, matamaitic agus teicneolaíocht ==== * [[Teoiric na ríomhaireachta]] — alt cuimsitheach faoi theoiric na ríomhaireachta, le mínithe, léaráidí agus samplaí matamaiticiúla. * [[Castacht ríomhaireachtúil]] — alt nua faoi chastacht ríomhaireachtúil, le mínithe agus samplaí a léiríonn an chaoi a ndéantar anailís ar acmhainní ríomhaireachtúla. * [[Nodaireacht Big O]] — alt nua faoi nodaireacht Big O agus a húsáid chun fás castachta algartam a chur síos. * [[Struchtúr sonraí]] — alt nua ar struchtúir sonraí, lena n-áirítear eagair, liostaí nasctha, cruacha, scuainí, táblaí haisithe, crainn agus graif. ==== Giotáir ==== * [[Fender Stratocaster]] — alt faoin ngiotár leictreach Fender Stratocaster. * [[Fender Telecaster]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Telecaster, lena stair agus a dhearadh. * [[Fender Jazzmaster]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Jazzmaster. * [[Fender Jaguar]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Jaguar. * [[Fender Mustang]] — alt faoin ngiotár Fender Mustang. * [[Fender Meteora]] — alt faoin ngiotár leictreach Fender Meteora. * [[Giotár Leathfhuaimiúil]] — alt faoin ngiotár leathfhuaimiúil, lena dhearadh, a stair agus a úsáid. ==== Foirmle a hAon agus spórt mótair ==== * [[Séasúr Foirmle a hAon 2026]] — alt faoin séasúr Foirmle a hAon 2026, le táblaí, íomhánna agus faisnéis maidir leis an gcraobh. * [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives]] — alt faoin bhfoireann rásaíochta Francach. === Ailt a leathnaigh nó a athstruchtúraigh mé go mór === ==== Ríomhaireacht agus teicneolaíocht ==== * [[Algartam]] — athscríobh agus leathnú ar an sean-alt, le sainmhíniú níos cruinne, samplaí, míniúcháin agus foinsí feabhsaithe. * [[Crua-earraí ríomhaire]] — athchóiriú mór ar an alt, le níos mó foinsí, íomhánna agus míniúcháin theicniúla. * [[Ríomhaire]] — leathnú mór ar an ábhar, le foinsí agus léaráidí breise agus ceartúcháin ar an struchtúr. * [[Ríomhaire pearsanta]] — leathnú ar an alt agus comhthéacs breise maidir le ríomhairí pearsanta. * [[Ríomhaire táibléid]] — leathnú suntasach agus atheagrú ar chodanna den alt. * [[Ríomheolaíocht]] — athstruchtúrú agus leathnú mór ar an ábhar, le coincheapa agus míniúcháin bhreise. * [[Ríomhaireacht]] — leathnú mór ar an alt, le míniúcháin theicniúla, samplaí agus foinsí breise. * [[ABAIR]] — obair bhreise ar an alt faoin tionscadal agus faoin teicneolaíocht lena mbaineann. ==== Matamaitic ==== * [[Matamaitic]] — leathnú agus feabhsú ar an alt, le míniúcháin agus ríomhanna breise. ==== Stair agus cultúr ==== * [[Cogadh na Rósanna]] — leathnú ar an alt agus feabhsú ar na foinsí, ar an struchtúr agus ar na híomhánna. * [[Stobhach Gaelach]] — leathnú ar an alt agus foinsí breise. * [[Olltoghchán na Brasaíle, 2026]] — leathnú ar an alt le tuilleadh sonraí faoi na toghcháin, na hiarrthóirí, na pobalbhreitheanna, na torthaí agus comhdhéanamh na Comhdhála, chomh maith le táblaí agus foinsí breise. ==== Foirmle a hAon ==== * [[Foirmle a hAon]] — athnuachan agus leathnú mór ar an alt, le foinsiú agus comhthéacs breise. === Eagarthóireacht leanúnach === Tá mionathruithe agus obair chothabhála déanta agam ar roinnt alt eile freisin, go háirithe ar ailt faoi ghiotáir Fender, ríomhairí agus ábhair ghaolmhara. Áirítear leis sin ceartúcháin ar théacs, feabhsuithe ar naisc, athbhreithniú ar chodanna áirithe den ábhar agus ceartúcháin bheaga ar ailt a chruthaigh mé féin roimhe seo. Ní liosta uileghabhálach é seo, agus ní hionann méid na hoibre a rinne mé ar gach alt. Is féidir mo chuid athruithe uile agus stair na n-alt a fheiceáil ar Vicipéid. [https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Sandu%C3%ADche_de_Presunto Féach ar mo chuid ranníocaíochtaí ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge.] == Mo chuid oibre ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise == Rinne mé ailt a chruthú, a leathnú, a athstruchtúrú agus a athbhreithniú ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise. Baineann cuid de na hathruithe seo le hathscríobh fairsing, taighde stairiúil nó teicniúil agus feabhas ar na foinsí; baineann cuid eile le ceartúcháin níos lú, le téarmaíocht agus le cothabháil. Seo a leanas rogha d'alt a ndearna mé obair orthu. Ní hionann méid na hoibre i ngach cás. === Ailt a chruthaigh mé === * [[:pt:MESM|MESM]] — ríomhaire luath Sóivéadach. * [[:pt:Catodoluminescência|Catodoluminescência]] — feiniméan fisiceach agus a fheidhmeanna. * [[:pt:Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos|Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos]] — liosta córasach de chórais ríomhaireachta Sóivéadacha. === Stair mhíleata agus an Dara Cogadh Domhanda === * [[:pt:Operação Bodenplatte|Operação Bodenplatte]] — leathnú agus athbhreithniú ginearálta ar an alt, le comhthéacs stairiúil agus foinsí breise. * [[:pt:Operação Nordwind|Operação Nordwind]] — athbhreithniú ar an gcroineolaíocht, ar na cathanna, ar na haonaid agus ar na meastacháin taismeach. * [[:pt:Operação Rainha|Operação Rainha]] — athstruchtúrú, ceartú croineolaíochta agus athbhreithniú ar fhoinsí agus ar ord catha. * [[:pt:Republic F-105 Thunderchief|Republic F-105 Thunderchief]] — athstruchtúrú agus leathnú an ailt, le hathbhreithniú stairiúil agus teicniúil. * [[:pt:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17|Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17]] — athbhreithniú, leathnú ar an ábhar agus íomhánna breise. * [[:pt:Guerra das Rosas|Guerra das Rosas]] — athbhreithniú ar chúiseanna, ar chroineolaíocht agus ar léirmhíniú stairiúil an choinbhleachta. * [[:pt:Batalha de Towton|Batalha de Towton]] — athbhreithniú ar an insint stairiúil, ar na foinsí agus ar na meastacháin taismeach. * [[:pt:Batalha de Barnet|Batalha de Barnet]] — comhthéacs feachtais, foinsí breise agus plé ar neamhchinnteacht stairiúil. * [[:pt:Eduardo V de Inglaterra|Eduardo V de Inglaterra]] — athstruchtúrú ar an mbeathaisnéis agus athbhreithniú ar chroineolaíocht agus ar chonspóidí maidir leis na Prionsaí sa Túr. === Stair na hEorpa agus stair pholaitiúil === * [[:pt:Eduardo, o Confessor|Eduardo, o Confessor]] — leathnú agus athbhreithniú ar stair a réimis, ar an gcomharbas agus ar a oidhreacht reiligiúnach. * [[:pt:Henrique VI de Inglaterra|Henrique VI de Inglaterra]] — athstruchtúrú beathaisnéise, croineolaíocht agus comhthéacs stairiúil. * [[:pt:Margarida de Anjou|Margarida de Anjou]] — athstruchtúrú ar an mbeathaisnéis agus athbhreithniú ar chonspóidí maidir lena ról polaitiúil. * [[:pt:Casa de Valois-Anjou|Casa de Valois-Anjou]] — leathnú ar stair an teaghlaigh, ar na héilimh dynastacha agus ar an gcomharbas. * [[:pt:Danelaw|Danelaw]] — athbhreithniú ar na foinsí acadúla agus ar an idirdhealú idir comhaontuithe Wedmore agus Alfred–Guthrum. * [[:pt:Reino da Inglaterra|Reino da Inglaterra]] — athstruchtúrú agus leathnú ar an stair agus ar an gcroineolaíocht. * [[:pt:Irlanda do Norte|Irlanda do Norte]] — athbhreithniú agus leathnú ar an alt, lena n-áirítear stair, teangacha agus athbheochan teanga. * [[:pt:Aliança Renovadora Nacional|Aliança Renovadora Nacional]] — athbhreithniú ar stair an pháirtí, ar an gcóras dépháirtí, ar thoghcháin agus ar a chomharbaí. * [[:pt:Ação Libertadora Nacional|Ação Libertadora Nacional]] — leathnú agus athbhreithniú ar chomhthéacs stairiúil agus ar fhoinsí an ailt. === Ríomhaireacht, bogearraí agus leictreonaic === * [[:pt:Rambus|Rambus]] — stair RDRAM, forbairt an mhargaidh cuimhne agus an chonspóid in aghaidh trustaí. * [[:pt:Classe (programação)|Classe (programação)]] — athbhreithniú agus leathnú ar choincheapa na ríomhchlárúcháin. * [[:pt:Objeto (ciência da computação)|Objeto (ciência da computação)]] — athbhreithniú agus leathnú ar an sainmhíniú agus ar an gcomhthéacs teicniúil. * [[:pt:Programação orientada a objetos|Programação orientada a objetos]] — athstruchtúrú ar na coincheapa, sampla Java agus foinsí breise. * [[:pt:Linguagem de programação|Linguagem de programação]] — athbhreithniú ar an sainmhíniú, ar an stair agus ar na cineálacha teangacha. * [[:pt:Linguagem interpretada|Linguagem interpretada]] — soiléiriú ar an difríocht idir léirmhíniú, tiomsú, bytecode agus JIT. * [[:pt:Java (linguagem de programação)|Java (linguagem de programação)]] — ceartúcháin theicniúla, stairiúla agus samplaí cód. * [[:pt:JavaFX|JavaFX]] — nuashonrú ar ghnéithe, ar stair agus ar naisc an ailt. * [[:pt:Circuito integrado de aplicação especifica|Circuito integrado de aplicação específica]] — athstruchtúrú ar an sainmhíniú ar ASIC agus ar an idirdhealú idir ASIC, SoC agus FPGA. * [[:pt:Tubo de raios catódicos|Tubo de raios catódicos]] — athbhreithniú ar an bhfeidhmiú, ar an stair, ar an monarú agus ar an athchúrsáil. * [[:pt:Microsoft x MikeRoweSoft|Microsoft x MikeRoweSoft]] — athbhreithniú ar chroineolaíocht na díospóide agus ar an socrú a rinneadh. * [[:pt:Fim de vida (produto)|Fim de vida (produto)]] — soiléiriú ar an difríocht idir deireadh díolacháin agus deireadh tacaíochta teicniúla. * [[:pt:Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos|Lista de sistemas de computador soviéticos]] — cruthú agus eagrú liosta de chórais ríomhaireachta Sóivéadacha de réir feidhme agus teaghlaigh. === Eolaíocht, cultúr agus ábhair eile === * [[:pt:Catodoluminescência|Catodoluminescência]] — alt nua faoi phrionsabail fhisiceacha agus feidhmeanna an fheiniméin. * [[:pt:Espécie-chave|Espécie-chave]] — athbhreithniú ar an sainmhíniú, ar shamplaí agus ar choincheapa gaolmhara san éiceolaíocht. * [[:pt:Línguas gaélicas|Línguas gaélicas]] — leathnú agus ceartúcháin ar aicmiú teangeolaíoch agus ar chóid ISO. * [[:pt:Aku no Hana|Aku no Hana]] — athbhreithniú ar an alt, ar na hoiriúnuithe agus ar na boscaí faisnéise. * [[:pt:Airline Tycoon|Airline Tycoon]] — athstruchtúrú ar an alt faoin gcluiche, ar an gcluichíocht agus ar stair na n-eisiúintí. * [[:pt:X (empresa)|X (empresa)]] — nuashonrú ar stair agus ar ghníomhaíochtaí na cuideachta. * [[:pt:Tux|Tux]] — mionathruithe eagarthóireachta. * [[:pt:Ranger 8|Ranger 8]] — athbhreithniú ar chur síos an mhisin agus ar shonraí na gceamaraí. === Foinsí, teanga agus cothabháil === I measc na n-athruithe eile a rinne mé tá ceartúcháin ghramadaí agus téarmaíochta, feabhsuithe ar naisc, nuashonruithe ar fhoinsí agus cothabháil ar ailt éagsúla. Is samplaí iad na hiontrálacha thuas de mo chuid oibre; is féidir tuilleadh sonraí a fheiceáil i stair na n-alt agus i mo liosta ranníocaíochtaí ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise. [[:pt:Usuário:Sanduíche de Presunto|Féach ar mo leathanach úsáideora ar Vicipéid na Portaingéilise.]] == Nótaí maidir le mo chuid oibre == * Déanaim iarracht foinsí iontaofa agus neamhspleácha a úsáid nuair is cuí. * Déanaim iarracht téacsanna a scríobh agus a athstruchtúrú chun go mbeidh siad níos soiléire agus níos éasca le léamh. * Bíonn fáilte agam roimh cheartúcháin ar an nGaeilge, go háirithe maidir le gramadach, téarmaíocht agus nádúrthacht na scríbhneoireachta. * Ní hionann méid na hoibre ar gach alt, agus d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh feabhsuithe eile fós ag teastáil ó chuid de na leathanaigh a ndearna mé eagarthóireacht orthu. == Nóta == Is leathanach úsáideora pearsanta é seo. Ní alt ciclipéideach é, agus léiríonn sé mo chuid spéiseanna, mo chuid oibre agus mo chur chuige féin i leith na heagarthóireachta. [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|frameless|25px|alt=Bratach na Brasaíle]] [https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Sandu%C3%ADche_de_Presunto Mo chuid ranníocaíochtaí ar Vicipéid na Gaeilge] 1hgd6iwyj8wdegbnhwtykgqc5inyeox 0 128642 1330548 1330334 2026-10-24T13:34:40Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 1330548 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:1958 Fender Stratocaster.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Fender Stratocaster trí dhath sunburst ó 1958, le droichead vibrato agus clúdach miotail.|Fender Stratocaster ó 1958, le bailchríoch trí dhath sunburst.]] Is giotár leictreach le corp soladach é an '''Fender Stratocaster''', a chuir an comhlacht Meiriceánach Fender ar an margadh sa bhliain 1954. Tugtar an '''Strat''' air go minic. Tá dhá ghearradh ar a chorp comhrianaithe, rud a éascaíonn rochtain ar na nótaí arda ar an muineál. Tá trí phiocadóir maighnéadacha agus córas vibrato ar an gcumraíocht thraidisiúnta. Tá an giotár in úsáid i seánraí éagsúla ceoil, go háirithe [[rac-cheol]], blús agus ceol pop, agus bhí baint ag ceoltóirí ar nós Jimi Hendrix agus Eric Clapton lena chlú idirnáisiúnta.<ref name="Smithsonian2024">David Levine, “[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/stratocaster-became-rock-music-most-iconic-guitar-70-years-ago-180984913/ The Stratocaster Became Rock Music’s Most Iconic Guitar 70 Years Ago]”, ''Smithsonian Magazine'', Meán Fómhair–Deireadh Fómhair 2024.</ref><ref name="Guardian2024">Andy Welch, “[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/apr/10/fender-stratocaster-turns-70 ‘With a Strat you can rule the world!’ Nile Rodgers, Bonnie Raitt and John Squire on the electric guitar that changed everything]”, ''The Guardian'', 10 Aibreán 2024.</ref> == Stair == D'fhorbair Leo Fender agus a fhoireann an Stratocaster ag tús na 1950idí. Bhí sé ceaptha mar ghiotár gairmiúil a chuirfeadh tuilleadh roghanna ar fáil do cheoltóirí ná na samhlacha a bhí ag an gcomhlacht cheana féin. Is minic a luaitear an giotáraí Rex Gallion maidir le moltaí faoi chomhrianta an choirp, agus dhear an t-innealtóir Freddie Tavares an cruth a raibh dhá adharc air. Ba é Don Randall, bainisteoir díolacháin Fender, a roghnaigh an t-ainm '''Stratocaster'''.<ref name="FenderHistory">Jeff Owens, “[https://www.fender.com/articles/behind-the-scenes/the-history-of-the-fender-stratocaster-the-1950s The History of the Fender Stratocaster: The 1950s]”, Fender Musical Instruments Corporation.</ref> Tugadh an Stratocaster isteach in earrach 1954. Bhí sé ar fáil i leagan le córas vibrato agus i leagan gan an córas sin, agus thosaigh an táirgeadh lánscála i mí Dheireadh Fómhair na bliana céanna.<ref name="FenderHistory"/> Ní raibh an giotár mórán aithne air i dtosach. Tháinig méadú ar a fheiceálacht nuair a bhí an banna The Crickets, faoi cheannas Buddy Holly, ar an gclár teilifíse '''The Ed Sullivan Show''' an 1 Nollaig 1957. Sheinn Holly ar Stratocaster le linn an léirithe sin, rud a chuir an tsamhail os comhair lucht féachana níos leithne.<ref name="FenderHistory"/> [[Íomhá:Buddy Holly's Fender Stratocaster, Buddy Holly Center, Lubbock, TX.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotár Fender Stratocaster a bhain le Buddy Holly, ar taispeáint ag Ionad Buddy Holly i Lubbock, Texas.|Stratocaster a bhain le Buddy Holly, ar taispeáint ag Ionad Buddy Holly i Lubbock, Texas.]] Rinneadh athruithe ar an ionstraim de réir a chéile. I lár 1956, thosaigh Fender ag úsáid fearnóige in áit fuinseoige do chorp an ghiotáir, toisc go raibh an t-adhmad nua níos saoire agus níos éasca le hoibriú leis. In 1959, cuireadh clár méire de rósadhmad ar fáil ar an tsamhail, in áit an chláir mhéire a bhí comhtháite le muineál an ghiotáir. Leanadh den Stratocaster a mhonarú i leaganacha éagsúla, agus athraíodh sonraí an dearaidh agus na gcomhpháirteanna le himeacht ama.<ref name="FenderHistory"/> == Dearadh agus oibriú == Tá corp soladach comhrianaithe ar an Stratocaster, agus dhá ghearradh in aice leis an muineál. Ceapadh na comhrianta chun go mbeadh sé níos compordaí an giotár a choinneáil in aghaidh an choirp, agus éascaíonn na gearrthacha seinm ar na freotaí is airde. Tá an muineál ceangailte den chorp le scriúnna, rud a éascaíonn cóimeáil agus deisiú na huirlise.<ref name="FenderHistory"/><ref name="Guardian2024"/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Príomhghnéithe na cumraíochta traidisiúnta ! Gné !! Cur síos |- | Piocadóirí | Trí phiocadóir maighnéadacha aonchorna.<ref name="FenderHistory"/> |- | Rialtáin | Rialtán toirte amháin agus dhá rialtán toin sa ghnáthshocrú.<ref name="FenderHistory"/> |- | Lasc roghnaithe | Lasc trí sheasamh ar na chéad mhúnlaí; tháinig an lasc cúig sheasamh chun bheith ina ghnáthghné in 1977.<ref name="FenderSelector">Jeff Owens, “[https://www.fender.com/articles/instruments/sounds-aplenty-the-stratocaster-pickup-selector-switch How to Use the Stratocaster Pickup Selector Switch]”, Fender.</ref> |- | Droichead | Córas vibrato ar go leor leaganacha traidisiúnta; tá samhlacha le droichead seasta ann freisin.<ref name="FenderHistory"/><ref name="FenderComparison">Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, “[https://www.fender.com/articles/instruments/stratocaster-or-telecaster-understanding-the-basic-differences Stratocaster or Telecaster: Understanding the Basic Differences]”.</ref> |} [[Íomhá:Fender Stratocaster Controls.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Trí phiocadóir aonchorna, lasc roghnaithe, rialtáin toirte agus toin ar chorp Stratocaster.|Piocadóirí agus rialtáin Fender Stratocaster.]] Roghnaíonn an lasc na piocadóirí a úsáidtear chun an comhartha leictreach a sheoladh chuig an aimplitheoir. Ar na chéad mhúnlaí, níor roghnaigh an lasc trí sheasamh ach piocadóir amháin ag an am. Fuair giotáraithe amach, áfach, go bhféadfaidís an lasc a choinneáil idir dhá shuíomh chun dhá phiocadóir a úsáid le chéile. Le tabhairt isteach an lasc cúig sheasamh in 1977, bhí na teaglamaí sin níos éasca a roghnú go díreach.<ref name="FenderSelector"/> Athraíonn an córas vibrato teannas na dtéad nuair a bhogtar a luamhán, rud a ligeann don cheoltóir airde na nótaí a ardú nó a ísliú. Úsáideann Fender an téarma '''tremolo''' chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar an bhfeiste, cé gurb é '''vibrato''' an téarma ceoil a bhaineann le hathrú airde nóta.<ref name="FenderHistory"/> [[Íomhá:2008 Fender USA Stratocaster (lefthand) - Synchronized tremolo bridge.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Grianghraf gar den droichead vibrato sioncrónaithe ar Fender Stratocaster ó 2008.|Droichead vibrato sioncrónaithe ar Stratocaster ó 2008.]] Ní bhíonn sonraíochtaí comhionanna ag gach Stratocaster. Tá leaganacha ann a bhfuil piocadóirí de chineálacha éagsúla, muiníl de chruthanna éagsúla, droichid sheasta nó córais leictreonacha éagsúla orthu. Tá samhlacha ath-eisiúna ann freisin atá bunaithe ar dhearaí stairiúla, chomh maith le giotáir a forbraíodh i gcomhar le ceoltóirí aonair.<ref name="FenderGuide">Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, “[https://www.fender.com/articles/instruments/fender-stratocaster-buying-guide-7-strat-models-compared Fender Stratocaster Buying Guide: 7 Strat Models Compared]”.</ref> == Úsáid i gceol móréilimh == Tá an Stratocaster in úsáid i seánraí éagsúla, lena n-áirítear rac-cheol, blús, ceol pop agus func. D'úsáid Jimi Hendrix é i gcuid de na léirithe is cáiliúla dá chuid, go háirithe ag féile Woodstock in 1969, nuair a sheinn sé leagan den amhrán náisiúnta Meiriceánach, “The Star-Spangled Banner”. Bhí baint ag ceoltóirí eile, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, David Gilmour, Mark Knopfler, Nile Rodgers agus Bonnie Raitt ina measc, leis an tsamhail freisin.<ref name="Smithsonian2024"/><ref name="Guardian2024"/> [[Íomhá:Jimi Hendrix's Fender Stratocaster (1968) in Olympic White, purchased in New York in 1968, played on legendary 1969 Woodstock performance, and used until about 1970 - Play It Loud. MET (2019-05-13 19.43.28 by Eden, Janine and Jim).jpg|mion|deas|alt=Fender Stratocaster bhán ó 1968 a d'úsáid Jimi Hendrix ag Woodstock in 1969, ar taispeáint i Músaem Ealaíne Cathrach Nua-Eabhrac.|Stratocaster bhán Jimi Hendrix, a d'úsáid sé ag Woodstock in 1969, ar taispeáint i Músaem Ealaíne Cathrach Nua-Eabhrac.]] Bhain ceoltóirí leas as tréithe éagsúla an Stratocaster chun a stíleanna ceoil féin a fhorbairt. Chuidigh a úsáid fhorleathan i rac-cheol agus i gceol pop lena áit a dhaingniú i gcultúr an cheoil ón dara leath den 20ú haois ar aghaidh. Mar gheall ar an líon mór leaganacha atá ar fáil, braitheann fuaim agus mothú gach giotáir ar na piocadóirí, ar na hábhair agus ar dhearadh an mhuiníl agus an droichid.<ref name="Guardian2024"/><ref name="FenderGuide"/> == Díospóid maidir le cruth an choirp == Ar an 22 Nollaig 2025, thug Cúirt Réigiúnach Düsseldorf sa Ghearmáin breithiúnas réamhshocraithe i gcás a bhain le giotáir a raibh cruth coirp cosúil leis an Stratocaster orthu. Mheas an chúirt go raibh an dearadh sonrach a bhí i gceist faoi chosaint chóipchirt faoin dlí Gearmánach, agus chuir sí cosc ar an gcuideachta chosantach na giotáir lena mbaineann a dhíol sa Ghearmáin. Breithiúnas réamhshocraithe a bhí ann, toisc nár chuir an cosantóir freagra ar an gcaingean isteach.<ref name="Judgment2025">Landgericht Düsseldorf, *Versäumnisurteil* an 22 Nollaig 2025, cás 14c O 64/25. [https://recht.nulegal.eu/rechtsprechung/lg-duesseldorf/2025-12-22/14c-o-64-25 Téacs an bhreithiúnais].</ref> Tar éis do Fender toradh an cháis a fhógairt i Márta 2026, thosaigh an comhlacht ag cur fógraí dlíthiúla chuig monaróirí agus miondíoltóirí a bhí ag tairiscint giotáir a mheas sé a bheith róchosúil lena dhearadh. Thuairiscigh Reuters i mí Iúil gur sheol Fender fógra chuig Yamaha agus gur thionscain sé caingean dlí i gcoinne an mhiondíoltóra Ghearmánaigh Thomann, a dhíolann giotáir faoin mbranda Harley Benton. Chuir Thomann in aghaidh éilimh Fender agus d'iarr sé dearbhú nach raibh a chuid táirgí ag sárú chearta an chomhlachta.<ref name="Reuters2026">Nathan Gomes, Nandan Mandayam agus Stephen Nellis, “[https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/fender-sues-german-retailer-thomann-copyright-dispute-over-stratocaster-2026-07-16/ Fender sues German retailer Thomann in copyright dispute over Stratocaster]”, Reuters, 16 Iúil 2026.</ref> De réir tuairisce ón IP Helpdesk de chuid Ghníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Nuálaíochta Eorpaí agus FBManna, bhí Fender tar éis dul i dteagmháil le thart ar 60 gnólacht faoi Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 agus comhaontuithe a bhaint amach le cuid acu. Deir Fender go bhfuil sé ag iarraidh cóipeanna dlútha dá dhearadh a chosc; tá monaróirí eile ag ceistiú cé chomh fairsing is ceart an chosaint sin a bheith, ós rud é go bhfuil giotáir a bhfuil cruthanna comhchosúla orthu á ndéanamh le blianta fada. Baineann an breithiúnas bunaidh le cás sonrach sa Ghearmáin agus ní hionann é agus cosc ginearálta ar gach giotár a bhfuil cruth cosúil leis an Stratocaster air.<ref name="IPHelpdesk2026">European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency, “[https://intellectual-property-helpdesk.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/fenders-stratocaster-copyright-dispute-reaches-yamaha-prs-thomann-and-amazon-disney-and-james-2026-10-08_en Fender’s Stratocaster copyright dispute reaches Yamaha, PRS, Thomann and Amazon]”, IP Helpdesk, 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2026.</ref><ref name="Reuters2026"/> == Féach freisin == * [[Giotár]] * [[Jimi Hendrix]] * [[Fender Telecaster|Telecaster]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Fender Stratocaster}} [[Catagóir:Giotár]] [[Catagóir:Téaduirlisí]] 90fffe3qkwdjc84dr01fnprltzzga4f 0 128647 1330547 1330335 2026-10-24T13:30:49Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 1330547 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Fender Telecaster 003.JPG|mionsamhail|deas|alt=Giotár Fender Telecaster le bailchríoch sunburst agus muineál mailpe.|Fender Telecaster le bailchríoch sunburst agus muineál mailpe.]] Is samhail de [[Giotár|ghiotár]] leictreach le corp soladach í an '''Fender Telecaster''', a d'fhorbair Leo Fender agus foireann a chomhlachta ag deireadh na 1940idí agus ag tús na 1950idí. Bhí an Esquire agus an Broadcaster, dhá mhúnla luatha de chuid Fender, mar bhunús léi. Glacadh an t-ainm Telecaster in 1951 tar éis agóid trádmhairc faoi ainm an Broadcaster. Bhí sí ar cheann de na chéad ghiotáir leictreacha le corp soladach a d'éirigh go tráchtála leo ar scála mór.<ref name="Fender1950s">Elizabeth Nelson, [https://www.fender.com/articles/behind-the-scenes/a-decade-of-beginnings-fender-in-the-1950s ''A Decade of Beginnings: Fender in the 1950s''], Fender, gan dáta foilsithe (rochtain 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026).</ref><ref name="FenderHistory">Jeff Owens, [https://www.fender.com/articles/behind-the-scenes/the-one-that-started-it-all-a-telecaster-history ''The One That Started It All: A Telecaster History''], Fender, gan dáta foilsithe (rochtain 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026).</ref><ref name="Guardian">John Harris, [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/jul/04/fender-telecaster-andy-summers-graham-coxon ''Sixty years of the Fender Telecaster''], ''The Guardian'', 4 Iúil 2010 (rochtain 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026).</ref> Bhain an Telecaster an-tábhacht amach i [[Ceol tuaithe|gceol tuaithe]] Mheiriceá, go háirithe sa luasc-cheol iartharach agus i bhFuaim Bakersfield. Níos déanaí, d'úsáid ceoltóirí i réimsí éagsúla eile í, lena n-áirítear na gormacha, ceol R&B, rac-cheol agus rac-cheol punc.<ref name="MusicRadar">Ed Mitchell, [https://www.musicradar.com/news/how-the-fender-telecaster-conquered-country ''How the Fender Telecaster Conquered Country''], ''MusicRadar'', 7 Bealtaine 2020 (rochtain 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026).</ref><ref name="Guardian"/> == Forbairt agus stair == D'fhorbair Leo Fender an dearadh i ndeisceart California sna blianta i ndiaidh an Dara Cogadh Domhanda. Bhí taithí ag a chomhlacht ar ghiotáir chruach agus ar aimplitheoirí leictreacha a mhonarú sular thosaigh sé ag forbairt giotár leictreach a d'imreofaí ina sheasamh, ar nós gnáthghiotáir. Bhí an dearadh simplí, láidir agus oiriúnach don táirgeadh sraitheach. Ceanglaíodh an muineál den chorp le scriúnna, rud a d'fhág go bhféadfaí muineál damáistithe nó caite a bhaint agus muineál eile a chur ina áit gan obair chasta ar an ionstraim.<ref name="FenderHistory"/> Tháinig an Esquire ar an margadh in 1950. Múnla aon-ghlacaire fuaime a bhí ann ar dtús. Lean an Broadcaster an bhliain chéanna, agus dhá ghlacaire fuaime maighnéadacha air. Nuair a d'ardaigh comhlacht Gretsch agóid trádmhairc faoin ainm Broadcaster, bhain Fender an t-ainm sin de cheannchláir na ngiotár ar feadh tamaill. Tugtar ''Nocaster'' ar na hionstraimí idirthréimhseacha sin go minic i measc bailitheoirí, cé nárbh ainm oifigiúil samhla é.<ref name="Fender1950s"/><ref name="FenderHistory"/> Ghlac Fender an t-ainm Telecaster in 1951. Níor athraíodh bunstruchtúr an ghiotáir go suntasach mar thoradh ar an athainmniú. Bhí an dearadh simplí, an tógáil láidir agus an praghas réasúnta ina mbuntáistí don cheoltóir gairmiúil agus don mhonaróir araon. Glacadh leis an ngiotár ar dtús i measc ceoltóirí an luasc-cheoil iartharaigh agus an cheoil tuaithe, agus leathnaigh a úsáid chuig seánraí eile le linn na 1950idí.<ref name="Fender1950s"/><ref name="FenderHistory"/> == Dearadh agus oibriú == Tá corp soladach adhmaid agus gearradh aonair in aice leis an muineál ar an Telecaster thraidisiúnta. Ceanglaítear an muineál leis an gcorp le scriúnna; is minic a dhéantar as mailp é. Bíonn dhá ghlacadóir fuaime maighnéadacha den chineál corna aonair, lasc roghnaithe trí shuíomh, rialtán toirte agus rialtán toin ar an gcumraíocht chlasaiceach. Bíonn droichead seasta ar ghnáthleaganacha den tsamhail. Athraíonn na hábhair, na glacadóirí agus na comhpháirteanna idir leaganacha agus tréimhsí éagsúla.<ref name="FenderHistory"/><ref name="MusicRadar"/> Tá dearadh simplí ar an gcóras rialaithe, ach níor fheidhmigh an lasc agus na rialtáin ar an gcaoi chéanna i gcónaí. Sa chumraíocht luath ó 1951, d'fhéadfaí an dá ghlacadóir a mheascadh le chéile i suíomh amháin den lasc. Athraíodh an córas in 1952 chun roghanna éagsúla a thabhairt maidir le glacadóir an droichid agus glacadóir an mhuiníl, lena n-áirítear suíomh ina raibh fuaim níos dordaí réamhshocraithe. Sa chumraíocht sin ní raibh suíomh ann chun an dá ghlacadóir a úsáid le chéile. Athraíodh an lasc arís in 1967 chun an socrú a chur ar fáil ina roghnaítear glacadóir an droichid, an dá ghlacadóir le chéile, nó glacadóir an mhuiníl. Is é sin an socrú a bhaineann leis an Telecaster chlasaiceach sa lá atá inniu ann.<ref name="FenderHistory"/> == Leaganacha == [[Íomhá:Many Fender Telecasters.jpg|mionsamhail|deas|alt=Roinnt giotáir a bhaineann le dearadh Fender Telecaster, lena n-áirítear samhlacha Thinline agus Cabronita.|Leaganacha éagsúla den Telecaster agus samhlacha gaolmhara, lena n-áirítear Thinline agus Cabronita.]] Cé gur fhan cruth bunúsach na Telecaster sách comhsheasmhach, d'fhorbair Fender roinnt leaganacha a raibh difríochtaí suntasacha acu ó thaobh tógála agus fuaime de. Tugadh an Telecaster Thinline isteach in 1968. Rinneadh cuais i gcodanna den chorp chun an meáchan a laghdú, ach coinníodh croílár soladach adhmaid ann. Bhí cuid de na leaganacha feistithe le dhá ghlacadóir corna aonair, agus cuireadh glacadóirí humbucker ar leagan níos déanaí. Tháinig dearadh an Thinline chun solais mar chuid d'iarrachtaí Fender an tsamhail bhunaidh a chur in oiriúint do roghanna nua ceoltóirí.<ref name="FenderHistory"/> [[Íomhá:Fender 72 Telecaster Thinline (horizontal).png|mionsamhail|deas|280px|alt=Giotár leictreach Fender Telecaster Thinline de 1972.|Fender Telecaster Thinline de 1972.]] Bhí leagan darb ainm Custom Telecaster ar fáil ó 1959. Bhí corp ceangailteach maisiúil air, ach bhí a bhunstruchtúr cosúil leis an Telecaster chaighdeánach. In 1972, thug Fender leagan nua isteach ar a dtugtar Telecaster Custom, a raibh glacadóir humbucker ag an muineál agus glacadóir corna aonair ag an droichead. Bhí an chumraíocht seo dírithe ar raon níos leithne toin a chur ar fáil don imreoir.<ref name="FenderCustom">Jeff Owens agus Mike Duffy, [https://www.fender.com/articles/behind-the-scenes/a-classic-evolved-the-telecaster-custom-story ''A Classic Evolved: The Telecaster Custom Story''], Fender, gan dáta foilsithe (rochtain 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026).</ref> Tugadh an Telecaster Deluxe isteach in 1973. Bhí dhá ghlacadóir humbucker agus stoc cinn níos mó uirthi, cosúil leis an gceann ar an [[Fender Stratocaster|Stratocaster]]. Ba chuid de threocht níos leithne é an tsamhail sin ina raibh Fender ag triail glacadóirí humbucker chun roghanna nua fuaime a chur ar fáil gan buncharachtar an Telecaster a thréigean go hiomlán.<ref name="FenderHistory"/><ref name="FenderCustom"/> == Úsáid agus tionchar ceoil == Bhí úsáid luath na Telecaster dírithe go mór ar cheol tuaithe Mheiriceá agus ar cheoltóirí an luasc-cheoil iartharaigh. Bhí sí úsáideach i mbannaí ina raibh gá le giotár leictreach a mbeadh a fhuaim le cloisteáil go soiléir i measc uirlisí eile. Tháinig sí chun cinn mar cheann de na hionstraimí a bhain le Fuaim Bakersfield, stíl cheoil tuaithe a d'fhorbair i gCalifornia sna 1950idí déanacha agus a raibh tóir uirthi sna 1960idí.<ref name="MusicRadar"/><ref name="FenderHistory"/> Bhí Buck Owens agus a bhanna, na Buckaroos, ar na ceoltóirí ba mhó a bhain úsáid as an Telecaster sa stíl sin. Bhí Don Rich, a sheinn giotár luaidhe leis na Buckaroos, agus Merle Haggard agus a bhanna, na Strangers, bainteach leis an bhfuaim chéanna. Bhí sí níos géire agus níos lom ó thaobh socruithe ceoil de ná cuid den cheol tuaithe a bhí coitianta i Nashville ag an am, agus bhí ról suntasach ag fuaim an ghiotáir leictrigh inti.<ref name="FenderHistory"/><ref name="MusicRadar"/> [[Íomhá:Stax Records, Memphis, TN, US (13).jpg|mionsamhail|deas|alt=Giotár Fender Telecaster Steve Cropper ar taispeáint i Stax Recording Studio i Memphis, Tennessee.|Giotár Fender Telecaster a bhain le Steve Cropper, ar taispeáint i Stax Recording Studio i Memphis.]] Níor fhan úsáid na Telecaster teoranta don cheol tuaithe. D'úsáid ceoltóirí na gormacha agus an R&B, ina measc Muddy Waters agus Steve Cropper, í ar thaifeadtaí agus ar an stáitse. De réir mar a leathnaigh tionchar an cheoil Mheiriceánaigh sa Bhreatain, ghlac ceoltóirí rac-cheoil leis an uirlis freisin. Bhain Keith Richards agus Joe Strummer úsáid aisti, agus bhí sí ar cheann de na giotáir a bhain le fuaim an rac-cheoil agus an cheoil indie sa Bhreatain. Bhí baint aici freisin le forbairt fuaimeanna garbha an rac-cheoil punc, go háirithe trí cheoltóirí a d'úsáid giotár leictreach chun fuaim dhíreach, shoiléir a chruthú.<ref name="FenderHistory"/><ref name="Guardian"/> == Féach freisin == * [[Giotár]] * [[Fender Stratocaster]] * [[Ceol tuaithe]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Fender Telecaster}} [[Catagóir:Giotár]] [[Catagóir:Téaduirlisí]] qpxcursgrdonvnigr0gtvi1mvd9admt 0 128648 1330557 1330316 2026-10-24T15:08:56Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1330557 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Linia kontraŭ Cirkulero.svg | mion | upright=1.35 | Geilleagar líneach i gcomórtas le geilleagar ciorclach]] Is samhail eacnamaíoch é '''geilleagar ciorclach''' (GC)<ref name=tearma /><ref name=eafindicators /> chun [[táirgeadh|táirgí]] a roinnt, a ligint ar léas, a [[athúsáid]], a dheisiú, a athchóiriú agus a [[athchúrsáil (fuíoll)|athchúrsáil]], agus dá bharr [[ídiú]] a laghdú agus saolré táirge a leathnú chomh fada agus is féidir.<ref name=ep2015 /><ref name=Iacovidou2021 /><ref name=Kirchherr2017 /> Is é mar aidhm ag an samhail ná dul i ngleic le dúshláin domhanda amhail is [[athrú aeráide]], [[caillteanas bithéagsúlachta]], [[dramhaíl]] agus [[truailliú]]. Is iad a leanas na trí príomhphrionsabail atá ag teastáil chun geilleagar ciorclach a chur i bhfeidhm:<ref name=eafmeaning /> * dramhaíl agus truailliú a dhearadh amach * táirgí agus ábhair a athúsáid * córais nádúrtha a athbheochan [[Íomhá:The Circular Economy concept.png | mion | upright=1.35 | '' Le geilleagar ciorclach, in ionad rudaí a chur amú, déantar iad a athchúrsáil.<ref name=Geissdoerfer2020 />]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=tearma>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.tearma.ie/q/geilleagar%20ciorclach/ga/ | teideal = Geilleagar ciorclach | foilsitheoir = [[téarma.ie]] | dátarochtana = 20-10-2026}}</ref> <ref name=eafindicators>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/resources/apply/circularity-indicators | teideal = Circularity Indicators | work = www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org | dátarochtana = 2019-03-14 | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731195422/https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/resources/apply/circularity-indicators | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731195422/https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/resources/apply/circularity-indicators | archivedate = 2019-07-31}}</ref> <ref name=ep2015>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2015-02-12 | teideal = Circular economy: definition, importance and benefits - European Parliament|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/economy/20151201STO05603/circular-economy-definition-importance-and-benefits | dátarochtana =2021-10-07 | work = europarl.europa.eu | teanga =en }}</ref> <ref name=Iacovidou2021>{{cite journal | last1=Iacovidou | first1=Eleni | last2=Hahladakis | first2=John N. | last3=Purnell | first3=Phil | title=A systems thinking approach to understanding the challenges of achieving the circular economy | journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research | date=2021 | volume=28 | issue=19 | pages=24785–24806 | doi=10.1007/s11356-020-11725-9 | pmid=33289042 | pmc=8144154 |doi-access=free | bibcode=2021ESPR...2824785I}}</ref> <ref name=Kirchherr2017>{{cite journal | last1=Kirchherr | first1=Julian | last2=Reike | first2=Denise | last3=Hekkert | first3=Marko | title=Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions | journal=Resources, Conservation and Recycling | date=2017 | volume=127 | pages=221–232 | doi=10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.005 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2017RCR...127..221K}}</ref> <ref name=eafmeaning>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/concept | teideal = What is the meaning of a circular economy and what are the main principles? | work = ellenmacarthurfoundation.org | dátarochtana = 2023-04-23}}</ref> <ref name=Geissdoerfer2020>{{cite journal | last=Geissdoerfer, M., Pieroni, M.P., Pigosso, D.C., Soufani, K. | title=Circular business models: A review | url=https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/222423121/1_s2.0_S0959652620337860_main.pdf | journal=Journal of Cleaner Production | year=2020 | volume=277 | article-number=123741 | doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123741 | bibcode=2020JCPro.27723741G | s2cid=225282542}}</ref> }} {{síol}} [[Catagóir:Geilleagar]] fgmjie17dlrfq42wvlufigi80mxrq83 0 128649 1330551 1330323 2026-10-24T13:42:56Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 1330551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí}} [[Íomhá:Fender Jazzmaster 1998.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotár leictreach Fender Jazzmaster de chuid Custom Shop ó 1998, le corp neamhshiméadrach.|Fender Custom Shop Jazzmaster ó 1998, fréamhshamhail don ath-eisiúint seanré.]] Is samhail de [[giotár leictreach]] é an '''Fender Jazzmaster''' a thug an comhlacht Meiriceánach [[Fender]] isteach sa bhliain 1958. Dearadh é ar dtús mar ghiotár ardleibhéil do ghiotáraithe snagcheoil, ach níor bhain sé an tóir amach sa seánra sin a raibh Fender ag súil leis. Ina ionad sin, ghlac ceoltóirí an cheoil surf, an phunc-cheoil agus an rac-cheoil mhalartaigh leis, agus tá baint ar leith aige le ceol indie agus shoegaze freisin.<ref name="Hunter">Dave Hunter, [https://www.guitarworld.com/features/fender-75-years-jazzmaster The origins of the Fender Jazzmaster, from surf supremo to alternative hero], ''Guitar World'', 17 Meán Fómhair 2021.</ref><ref name="Bacon">Tony Bacon, [https://reverb.com/au/news/a-timeline-of-fender-jazzmasters A Timeline of Fender Jazzmasters], ''Reverb'', 31 Lúnasa 2023.</ref> == Príomhghnéithe == {| class="wikitable" |+ Saintréithe an bhunleagain ! Gné !! Sonraí |- | Déantóir || [[Fender]]<ref name="Bacon"/> |- | Cineál || Giotár leictreach coirp sholadaigh |- | Bliain a tugadh isteach || 1958<ref name="Hunter"/> |- | Líon sreang || 6 |- | Piocadóirí || Dhá phiocadóir corna aonair leathana |- | Fad scála || 25.5 orlach (648 mm) |- | Rialuithe fuaime || Ciorcad luaidhe agus ciorcad rithime |- | Droichead agus vibrato || Droichead ar snámh agus córas vibrato |} == Dearadh agus oibriú == Bhí corp neamhshiméadrach ag an Jazzmaster, agus bhí cruth na coime deartha chun an giotár a dhéanamh níos compordaí agus é á sheinm ina shuí. Bhí sé ar cheann de na dearaí ba shainiúla i raon Fender ag an am. Bhí a dhá phiocadóir corna aonair níos leithne ná na piocadóirí a bhí ar roinnt samhlacha eile de chuid an chomhlachta, agus bhí siad ceaptha chun fuaim shainiúil, sách te agus iomlán a chruthú.<ref name="Hunter"/><ref name="Bacon"/> Gné thábhachtach den dearadh ab ea an córas rialaithe fuaime. Bhí dhá chiorcad ar leith ar an mbunleagan: an ciorcad luaidhe (''lead'') agus an ciorcad rithime (''rhythm''). Rialaíodh an ciorcad luaidhe leis na rialuithe toirte agus tóine ar an gcorp íochtarach, agus d'fhéadfaí ceann amháin den dá phiocadóir nó an dá cheann a roghnú. Bhí rialuithe ar leith don toirt agus don tón ar an gciorcad rithime, a d'úsáid piocadóir an mhuiníl amháin agus a sholáthair fuaim níos dorcha agus níos séimhe. D'fhéadfaí aistriú idir an dá chiorcad le lasc sleamhnáin.<ref name="Owens">Jeff Owens, [https://www.fender.com/articles/behind-the-scenes/jazz-bomb-surf-staple-indie-icon-a-jazzmaster-history Jazz Bomb. Surf Staple. Indie Icon: A Jazzmaster History], ''Fender''.</ref> [[Íomhá:Fender Jazzmaster accessories - strings, mute, and pickup cover.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Gabhálais Fender Jazzmaster lena n-áirítear téada, mút agus clúdach piocadóra.|Gabhálais agus comhpháirteanna Fender Jazzmaster.]] Bhí droichead ar snámh agus córas vibrato ar an ngiotár freisin. Leis an luamhán vibrato, d'fhéadfadh an ceoltóir athruithe rialaithe a dhéanamh ar airde na nótaí. Bhí buntáistí ag baint leis an socrú seo, ach bhí deacrachtaí áirithe aige freisin: mar shampla, d'fhéadfadh na sreanga sleamhnú amach as claiseanna sháinniú an droichid dá mbuailfí ró-chrua iad. Athraíodh socruithe an droichid agus codanna eile den uirlis ar roinnt leaganacha agus ar ghiotáir a rinneadh a mhodhnú ina dhiaidh sin.<ref name="Owens"/><ref name="Bacon"/> [[Íomhá:Fender Jazzmaster Floating Tremolo with Tremolo Lock.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Garghrianghraf de chóras vibrato ar snámh agus glas vibrato Fender Jazzmaster.|Córas vibrato ar snámh agus glas vibrato an Jazzmaster.]] [[Íomhá:Fender Jazzmaster Tremolosystem.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid ghearrtha a thaispeánann struchtúr inmheánach chóras vibrato an Fender Jazzmaster.|Léaráid de chóras vibrato an Jazzmaster.]] == Stair == === Bunús agus teacht chun cinn === Thug Fender an Jazzmaster isteach in 1958 mar ghiotár suaitheanta an chomhlachta, agus é ag iarraidh níos mó giotáraithe snagcheoil a mhealladh chuig a chuid uirlisí coirp sholadaigh. Bhí súil ag an gcomhlacht go mbeadh a dhearadh nua-aimseartha agus a raon rialuithe ina rogha tharraingteach ar na giotáir choirp fholmha a bhí coitianta i measc ceoltóirí snagcheoil. Níor ghlac an lucht éisteachta sin go forleathan leis an tsamhail, áfach.<ref name="Hunter"/><ref name="Brakes">Rod Brakes, [https://www.guitarplayer.com/gear/fender-jazzmaster The History of the Fender Jazzmaster], ''GuitarPlayer'', 5 Bealtaine 2023.</ref> [[Íomhá:FGF museum 01. Leo and early models.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Taispeántas i músaem Fender faoi Leo Fender agus samhlacha luatha an chomhlachta.|Leo Fender agus samhlacha luatha Fender i dtaispeántas músaeim.]] Ag deireadh na 1950idí agus i dtús na 1960idí, fuair an Jazzmaster lucht leanúna i measc ceoltóirí an cheoil surf, go háirithe i gCalifornia. Bhí ton na bpiocadóirí agus éifeachtaí an chórais vibrato oiriúnach do na pasáistí séiseacha agus do na sleamhnuithe airde nótaí a bhí ina ngnéithe den seánra sin. Bhí an grúpa The Ventures ar cheann de na bannaí a bhain úsáid luath as an uirlis, agus lean ceoltóirí surf eile a sampla.<ref name="Hunter"/> D'fhan an Jazzmaster i raon táirgí Fender tar éis don chéad bhorradh faoin gceol surf dul i léig. Mar sin féin, tháinig laghdú ar a fheiceálacht sna 1970idí, nuair a bhí tóir ag dul i méid ar ghiotáir agus ar phiocadóirí de chineál eile. Bhí an tsamhail níos saoire le ceannach ar an margadh athláimhe ná roinnt giotáir Fender eile, áfach, agus chuir sin lena tarraingteacht i measc ceoltóirí a bhí ag obair lasmuigh den phríomhshruth.<ref name="Hunter"/> Chuir Fender deireadh le táirgeadh an Jazzmaster sa bhliain 1980. Sa bhliain 1986, thug Fender Japan leagan seanré den tsamhail ar ais ar an margadh, bunaithe ar an dearadh ó 1962. Bhí an leagan Seapánach ar a dtugtar JM66 ar díol go dtí 2015, agus díoladh leagan Meiriceánach ath-eisiúna den Jazzmaster '62 go dtí 1999. Lean leaganacha ath-eisiúna agus samhlacha modhnaithe eile iad sna blianta ina dhiaidh sin.<ref name="Owens"/><ref name="Bacon"/> [[Íomhá:Fender Japan Jazzmaster.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotár leictreach Fender Jazzmaster arna mhonarú sa tSeapáin.|Fender Jazzmaster de chuid Fender Japan.]] == Úsáid i gceol móréilimh == Cé nár tháinig an rath a bhí beartaithe ar an Jazzmaster i measc ghiotáraithe snagcheoil, bhain ceoltóirí rac-cheoil agus ceoil mhalartaigh úsáid as ar bhealaí éagsúla. Sna 1970idí, bhí an uirlis le feiceáil i measc ceoltóirí punc agus new wave, lena n-áirítear Tom Verlaine de chuid Television agus Elvis Costello. I ndeireadh na 1980idí agus sna 1990idí, ghlac ceoltóirí rac malartach agus indie leis arís.<ref name="Hunter"/> I measc na gceoltóirí a bhain úsáid shuntasach as an Jazzmaster bhí Thurston Moore agus Lee Ranaldo de chuid Sonic Youth, J Mascis de chuid Dinosaur Jr., Kevin Shields agus Bilinda Butcher de chuid My Bloody Valentine, agus Robert Smith de chuid The Cure. Bhain roinnt acu leas as na féidearthachtaí a chuir an córas rialaithe agus an dearadh ar fáil chun athruithe a dhéanamh ar a gcuid giotáir. I gcás Sonic Youth, rinneadh modhnuithe ar na piocadóirí agus ar an droichead, agus thug na hathruithe sin raon fuaimeanna níos leithne don uirlis.<ref name="Hunter"/><ref name="Owens"/> [[Íomhá:FGF museum 11. Sonic Youth Jazzmaster model.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Taispeántas i músaem Fender a thugann aird ar úsáid an Jazzmaster ag Sonic Youth.|Jazzmaster agus tionchar Sonic Youth ar an rac-cheol malartach.]] Mar thoradh ar an úsáid a bhain ceoltóirí de sheánraí éagsúla as, tá an Jazzmaster aitheanta ní hamháin mar cheann de ghiotáir shainiúla Fender, ach mar uirlis a bhfuil baint aici le forbairt an cheoil surf, an phunc-cheoil agus an rac-cheoil mhalartaigh chomh maith.<ref name="Bacon"/> == Féach freisin == * [[Giotár]] * [[Fender Stratocaster]] * [[Fender Telecaster]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Fender Jazzmaster}} [[Catagóir:Giotár]] [[Catagóir:Téaduirlisí]] 5z81fr9l5rcb3wwhxvmn7rkesbxx2qi 1330552 1330551 2026-10-24T13:48:26Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 1330552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí}} [[Íomhá:Fender Electric Guitar from Walk the Line.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotár leictreach Fender Jazzmaster le bailchríoch bhán sheanré agus clár méire dorcha, ar taispeáint i músaem.|Fender Jazzmaster i mbailchríoch bhán sheanré, ar taispeáint i Músaem Johnny Cash.]] Is samhail de [[giotár leictreach]] é an '''Fender Jazzmaster''' a thug an comhlacht Meiriceánach [[Fender]] isteach sa bhliain 1958. Dearadh é ar dtús mar ghiotár ardleibhéil do ghiotáraithe snagcheoil, ach níor bhain sé an tóir amach sa seánra sin a raibh Fender ag súil leis. Ina ionad sin, ghlac ceoltóirí an cheoil surf, an phunc-cheoil agus an rac-cheoil mhalartaigh leis, agus tá baint ar leith aige le ceol indie agus shoegaze freisin.<ref name="Hunter">Dave Hunter, [https://www.guitarworld.com/features/fender-75-years-jazzmaster The origins of the Fender Jazzmaster, from surf supremo to alternative hero], ''Guitar World'', 17 Meán Fómhair 2021.</ref><ref name="Bacon">Tony Bacon, [https://reverb.com/au/news/a-timeline-of-fender-jazzmasters A Timeline of Fender Jazzmasters], ''Reverb'', 31 Lúnasa 2023.</ref> == Príomhghnéithe == {| class="wikitable" |+ Saintréithe an bhunleagain ! Gné !! Sonraí |- | Déantóir || [[Fender]]<ref name="Bacon"/> |- | Cineál || Giotár leictreach coirp sholadaigh |- | Bliain a tugadh isteach || 1958<ref name="Hunter"/> |- | Líon sreang || 6 |- | Piocadóirí || Dhá phiocadóir corna aonair leathana |- | Fad scála || 25.5 orlach (648 mm) |- | Rialuithe fuaime || Ciorcad luaidhe agus ciorcad rithime |- | Droichead agus vibrato || Droichead ar snámh agus córas vibrato |} == Dearadh agus oibriú == Bhí corp neamhshiméadrach ag an Jazzmaster, agus bhí cruth na coime deartha chun an giotár a dhéanamh níos compordaí agus é á sheinm ina shuí. Bhí sé ar cheann de na dearaí ba shainiúla i raon Fender ag an am. Bhí a dhá phiocadóir corna aonair níos leithne ná na piocadóirí a bhí ar roinnt samhlacha eile de chuid an chomhlachta, agus bhí siad ceaptha chun fuaim shainiúil, sách te agus iomlán a chruthú.<ref name="Hunter"/><ref name="Bacon"/> Gné thábhachtach den dearadh ab ea an córas rialaithe fuaime. Bhí dhá chiorcad ar leith ar an mbunleagan: an ciorcad luaidhe (''lead'') agus an ciorcad rithime (''rhythm''). Rialaíodh an ciorcad luaidhe leis na rialuithe toirte agus tóine ar an gcorp íochtarach, agus d'fhéadfaí ceann amháin den dá phiocadóir nó an dá cheann a roghnú. Bhí rialuithe ar leith don toirt agus don tón ar an gciorcad rithime, a d'úsáid piocadóir an mhuiníl amháin agus a sholáthair fuaim níos dorcha agus níos séimhe. D'fhéadfaí aistriú idir an dá chiorcad le lasc sleamhnáin.<ref name="Owens">Jeff Owens, [https://www.fender.com/articles/behind-the-scenes/jazz-bomb-surf-staple-indie-icon-a-jazzmaster-history Jazz Bomb. Surf Staple. Indie Icon: A Jazzmaster History], ''Fender''.</ref> [[Íomhá:Fender Jazzmaster accessories - strings, mute, and pickup cover.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Gabhálais Fender Jazzmaster lena n-áirítear téada, mút agus clúdach piocadóra.|Gabhálais agus comhpháirteanna Fender Jazzmaster.]] Bhí droichead ar snámh agus córas vibrato ar an ngiotár freisin. Leis an luamhán vibrato, d'fhéadfadh an ceoltóir athruithe rialaithe a dhéanamh ar airde na nótaí. Bhí buntáistí ag baint leis an socrú seo, ach bhí deacrachtaí áirithe aige freisin: mar shampla, d'fhéadfadh na sreanga sleamhnú amach as claiseanna sháinniú an droichid dá mbuailfí ró-chrua iad. Athraíodh socruithe an droichid agus codanna eile den uirlis ar roinnt leaganacha agus ar ghiotáir a rinneadh a mhodhnú ina dhiaidh sin.<ref name="Owens"/><ref name="Bacon"/> [[Íomhá:Fender Jazzmaster Floating Tremolo with Tremolo Lock.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Garghrianghraf de chóras vibrato ar snámh agus glas vibrato Fender Jazzmaster.|Córas vibrato ar snámh agus glas vibrato an Jazzmaster.]] [[Íomhá:Fender Jazzmaster Tremolosystem.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid ghearrtha a thaispeánann struchtúr inmheánach chóras vibrato an Fender Jazzmaster.|Léaráid de chóras vibrato an Jazzmaster.]] == Stair == === Bunús agus teacht chun cinn === Thug Fender an Jazzmaster isteach in 1958 mar ghiotár suaitheanta an chomhlachta, agus é ag iarraidh níos mó giotáraithe snagcheoil a mhealladh chuig a chuid uirlisí coirp sholadaigh. Bhí súil ag an gcomhlacht go mbeadh a dhearadh nua-aimseartha agus a raon rialuithe ina rogha tharraingteach ar na giotáir choirp fholmha a bhí coitianta i measc ceoltóirí snagcheoil. Níor ghlac an lucht éisteachta sin go forleathan leis an tsamhail, áfach.<ref name="Hunter"/><ref name="Brakes">Rod Brakes, [https://www.guitarplayer.com/gear/fender-jazzmaster The History of the Fender Jazzmaster], ''GuitarPlayer'', 5 Bealtaine 2023.</ref> [[Íomhá:FGF museum 01. Leo and early models.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Taispeántas i músaem Fender faoi Leo Fender agus samhlacha luatha an chomhlachta.|Leo Fender agus samhlacha luatha Fender i dtaispeántas músaeim.]] Ag deireadh na 1950idí agus i dtús na 1960idí, fuair an Jazzmaster lucht leanúna i measc ceoltóirí an cheoil surf, go háirithe i gCalifornia. Bhí ton na bpiocadóirí agus éifeachtaí an chórais vibrato oiriúnach do na pasáistí séiseacha agus do na sleamhnuithe airde nótaí a bhí ina ngnéithe den seánra sin. Bhí an grúpa The Ventures ar cheann de na bannaí a bhain úsáid luath as an uirlis, agus lean ceoltóirí surf eile a sampla.<ref name="Hunter"/> D'fhan an Jazzmaster i raon táirgí Fender tar éis don chéad bhorradh faoin gceol surf dul i léig. Mar sin féin, tháinig laghdú ar a fheiceálacht sna 1970idí, nuair a bhí tóir ag dul i méid ar ghiotáir agus ar phiocadóirí de chineál eile. Bhí an tsamhail níos saoire le ceannach ar an margadh athláimhe ná roinnt giotáir Fender eile, áfach, agus chuir sin lena tarraingteacht i measc ceoltóirí a bhí ag obair lasmuigh den phríomhshruth.<ref name="Hunter"/> Chuir Fender deireadh le táirgeadh an Jazzmaster sa bhliain 1980. Sa bhliain 1986, thug Fender Japan leagan seanré den tsamhail ar ais ar an margadh, bunaithe ar an dearadh ó 1962. Bhí an leagan Seapánach ar a dtugtar JM66 ar díol go dtí 2015, agus díoladh leagan Meiriceánach ath-eisiúna den Jazzmaster '62 go dtí 1999. Lean leaganacha ath-eisiúna agus samhlacha modhnaithe eile iad sna blianta ina dhiaidh sin.<ref name="Owens"/><ref name="Bacon"/> [[Íomhá:Fender Japan Jazzmaster.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotár leictreach Fender Jazzmaster arna mhonarú sa tSeapáin.|Fender Jazzmaster de chuid Fender Japan.]] == Úsáid i gceol móréilimh == Cé nár tháinig an rath a bhí beartaithe ar an Jazzmaster i measc ghiotáraithe snagcheoil, bhain ceoltóirí rac-cheoil agus ceoil mhalartaigh úsáid as ar bhealaí éagsúla. Sna 1970idí, bhí an uirlis le feiceáil i measc ceoltóirí punc agus new wave, lena n-áirítear Tom Verlaine de chuid Television agus Elvis Costello. I ndeireadh na 1980idí agus sna 1990idí, ghlac ceoltóirí rac malartach agus indie leis arís.<ref name="Hunter"/> I measc na gceoltóirí a bhain úsáid shuntasach as an Jazzmaster bhí Thurston Moore agus Lee Ranaldo de chuid Sonic Youth, J Mascis de chuid Dinosaur Jr., Kevin Shields agus Bilinda Butcher de chuid My Bloody Valentine, agus Robert Smith de chuid The Cure. Bhain roinnt acu leas as na féidearthachtaí a chuir an córas rialaithe agus an dearadh ar fáil chun athruithe a dhéanamh ar a gcuid giotáir. I gcás Sonic Youth, rinneadh modhnuithe ar na piocadóirí agus ar an droichead, agus thug na hathruithe sin raon fuaimeanna níos leithne don uirlis.<ref name="Hunter"/><ref name="Owens"/> [[Íomhá:FGF museum 11. Sonic Youth Jazzmaster model.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Taispeántas i músaem Fender a thugann aird ar úsáid an Jazzmaster ag Sonic Youth.|Jazzmaster agus tionchar Sonic Youth ar an rac-cheol malartach.]] Mar thoradh ar an úsáid a bhain ceoltóirí de sheánraí éagsúla as, tá an Jazzmaster aitheanta ní hamháin mar cheann de ghiotáir shainiúla Fender, ach mar uirlis a bhfuil baint aici le forbairt an cheoil surf, an phunc-cheoil agus an rac-cheoil mhalartaigh chomh maith.<ref name="Bacon"/> == Féach freisin == * [[Giotár]] * [[Fender Stratocaster]] * [[Fender Telecaster]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Fender Jazzmaster}} [[Catagóir:Giotár]] [[Catagóir:Téaduirlisí]] joid0yapkrz0ottrv7hqqxgl3ncwyri 0 128653 1330555 1330337 2026-10-24T14:09:11Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 1330555 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Fender Jaguar (1965), Museum of Making Music.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotár leictreach Fender Jaguar a rinneadh in 1965|Fender Jaguar ó 1965 i mbailiúchán an Museum of Making Music.]] '''Is giotár leictreach le corp soladach é an Fender Jaguar''' a thug Fender isteach sa bhliain 1962 mar mhúnla ardleibhéil. I measc na ngnéithe a bhaineann leis an dearadh bunaidh tá corp fritháirithe, fad scála 24 orlach (610 mm), 22 frets agus córas rialaithe ina bhfuil roinnt lasca agus ciorcaid ar leith.<ref name="GuitarPlayer">Art Thompson, ''[https://www.guitarplayer.com/reviews/fender-60th-anniversary-jaguar-review Fender 60th Anniversary Jaguar Review]'', GuitarPlayer, 6 Iúil 2022.</ref><ref name="FenderHistory">Jeff Owens, ''[https://www.fender.com/articles/behind-the-scenes/from-surf-to-shoegaze-a-history-of-the-jaguar From Surf to Shoegaze, a History of the Jaguar]'', suíomh gréasáin Fender.</ref> == Stair == Tugadh an Jaguar isteach agus Fender ag iarraidh samhail níos airde sa raon a chur ar fáil, agus bhí a fhad scála níos giorra ná fad scála roinnt de na giotáir eile de chuid an chomhlachta. Bhí tóir áirithe air i measc ceoltóirí surf sna 1960idí, ach níor bhain sé an leibhéal díolacháin céanna amach leis an Telecaster ná leis an Stratocaster. De réir mar a d'athraigh treochtaí ceoil sna 1960idí agus sna 1970idí, tháinig laghdú ar a ról sa mhargadh agus chuir Fender deireadh lena tháirgeadh in 1975.<ref name="PremierGuitar">''[https://www.premierguitar.com/vintage-vault-1966-fender-jaguar Vintage Vault: 1966 Fender Jaguar]'', Premier Guitar.</ref><ref name="FenderHistory" /> [[Íomhá:Fender Jaguar (3 tone burst).jpg|mion|deas|alt=Fender Jaguar le bailchríoch sunburst trí dhath, dhá phiocadóir agus córas rialaithe ar leith.|Fender Jaguar i mbailchríoch sunburst trí dhath.]] Bhí athbheochan spéise sa Jaguar i ndiaidh theacht chun cinn an phunc sna 1970idí agus leathnú an rac mhalartaigh agus an ghráinse sna 1980idí agus sna 1990idí. Tháinig athleagan Seapánach den mhúnla ó 1962 amach in 1986, agus tugadh athleagan Meiriceánach isteach in 1999.<ref name="MusicRadar">Rod Brakes, ''[https://www.musicradar.com/news/classic-gear-fender-jaguar Classic gear: Fender Jaguar]'', MusicRadar, 2019.</ref><ref name="PremierGuitar" /> I measc na gceoltóirí a bhain úsáid as an Jaguar bhí Carl Wilson ó The Beach Boys sna 1960idí agus Kurt Cobain ó Nirvana sna 1990idí. D'úsáid Cobain samhail a rinneadh in 1965.<ref name="FenderHistory" /> == Dearadh == Tá corp fritháirithe ag an Jaguar, agus tá a chruth éagsúil le corp an Jazzmaster, samhail eile de chuid Fender. Tá 22 frets agus fad scála 24 orlach sa dearadh clasaiceach, rud a fhágann go bhfuil an scála níos giorra ná an scála 25.5 orlach a úsáidtear ar roinnt samhlacha eile de chuid Fender. Bíonn dhá phiocadán corna aonair, droichead agus aonad vibrato ar leith sa ghnáthleagan clasaiceach.<ref name="FenderHistory" /><ref name="GuitarPlayer" /> [[Íomhá:Jaguar and Jazzmaster.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotáir Fender Jaguar agus Fender Jazzmaster taobh le taobh, agus cruthanna fritháirithe an dá shamhail le feiceáil.|Fender Jaguar agus Fender Jazzmaster taobh le taobh.]] Tá dhá chiorcad sa chóras leictreach bunaidh: ciorcad luaidhe agus ciorcad rithime. Rialaíonn trí lasc sleamhnáin ar phláta miotail na piocadáin agus scagaire a ghearrann cuid de na minicíochtaí ísle, rud a thugann rogha eile ó thaobh toin de. Roghnaíonn lasc eile, atá suite ar adharc uachtarach an choirp, an ciorcad rithime, a úsáideann piocadán an mhuiníl.<ref name="FenderHistory" /> [[Íomhá:Fender Jaguar Floating Tremolo with Tremolo Lock.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Garghrianghraf de chóras vibrato Fender Jaguar agus den ghlas a ghabhann leis.|Córas vibrato agus glas vibrato an Fender Jaguar.]] Athraíodh comhpháirteanna agus sonraíochtaí an Jaguar thar thréimhsí éagsúla táirgthe. Mar shampla, tá fad scála níos faide agus piocadáin dhúbailte le cornaí déacha i gcuid de na leaganacha nua-aimseartha, seachas an chumraíocht chlasaiceach.<ref name="GuitarPlayer" /> == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Fender Jaguar}} [[Catagóir:Giotár]] [[Catagóir:Téaduirlisí]] 9ioe3umbct8yllvztwdwop1w00l6hoh 0 128654 1330554 1330340 2026-10-24T13:54:24Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 1330554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí}} [[Íomhá:Fender mustang vintage white.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotár leictreach Fender Mustang 1969 Reissue ó 1998, le bailchríoch bhán agus clár méire dorcha.|Fender Mustang 1969 Reissue ó 1998, le bailchríoch bhán sheanré.]] Is giotár leictreach le corp soladach é an '''Fender Mustang''' a thug an comhlacht Meiriceánach Fender isteach i mí Lúnasa 1964 mar mhúnla inacmhainne a bhí dírithe go príomha ar thosaitheoirí agus ar mhic léinn ceoil. Tá corp le coim fhritháirithe, dhá phiocadóir le corna amháin agus córas vibrato ar a dtugtar an ''Fender Dynamic Vibrato'' ar an leagan bunaidh. Cé gur forbraíodh é mar ghiotár mac léinn, tháinig an Mustang chun suntais i measc giotáraithe rac-cheoil agus rac-cheoil neamhspleách sna 1990idí, go háirithe i saol an ghrunge.<ref name="Fender">Jeff Owens, “[https://www.fender.com/articles/behind-the-scenes/short-scale-big-noise-the-mustang-story Short Scale, Big Sound: The Mustang Story]”, Fender.</ref><ref name="Brakes2022">Rod Brakes, “[https://www.guitarworld.com/features/how-the-fender-mustang-went-from-student-guitar-to-cult-classic How the Fender Mustang went from student guitar to cult classic]”, ''Guitar World'', 18 Samhain 2022.</ref> == Stair == Sna 1950idí, d'fhorbair Fender giotáir leictreacha inacmhainne a bhí dírithe ar mhic léinn agus ar thosaitheoirí. Ba iad an Musicmaster agus an Duo-Sonic na chéad mhúnlaí den tsraith sin, agus cuireadh ar fáil iad in 1956. Tháinig an Mustang isteach i 1964 mar an tríú samhail sa tsraith. Bhí sé bunaithe ar dhearadh an Duo-Sonic, ach bhí corp le coim fhritháirithe agus córas vibrato aige, rud a rinne idirdhealú idir é agus na samhlacha roimhe sin.<ref name="Fender"/><ref name="Brakes2021">Rod Brakes, “[https://www.guitarworld.com/features/the-history-of-the-fender-musicmaster-duo-sonic-and-mustang The history of the Fender Musicmaster, Duo-Sonic and Mustang]”, ''Guitar World'', 15 Eanáir 2021.</ref> Bhí dhá fhad scála ar fáil don Mustang bunaidh: 24 orlach (thart ar 61 cm) agus 22.5 orlach (thart ar 57 cm). Bhí 22 freta ar an leagan 24 orlach, agus níor táirgeadh ach líon beag de na leaganacha ba ghiorra, a raibh 21 freta orthu.<ref name="Fender"/><ref name="Brakes2021"/> Sa bhliain 1969, tugadh isteach na leaganacha ''Competition Mustang''. Bhí stríoca codarsnacha rásaíochta ar na giotáir seo, agus cuireadh comhrianta breise leis an gcorp. Áiríodh ar na bailchríocha Competition dearg, oráiste agus burgúin. Bhí dath an stoc chinn ag teacht le dath an choirp ar roinnt leaganacha. Leanadh de na bailchríocha seo go dtí tús na 1970idí, agus cuireadh deireadh leo thart ar 1973.<ref name="Brakes2021"/><ref name="MusicRadar">Stuart Williams agus Rob Laing, “[https://www.musicradar.com/news/kurt-cobain-fender-mustang-guitars-nirvana The story of Kurt Cobain's Mustangs in Nirvana]”, ''MusicRadar'', 5 Aibreán 2024.</ref> [[Íomhá:1978 Fender Mustang.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotár leictreach Fender Mustang ó 1978, le dhá phiocadóir agus muineál maple.|Fender Mustang ó 1978, sampla de dhearadh na samhla sna 1970idí.]] Cuireadh deireadh le táirgeadh an Mustang sna Stáit Aontaithe i 1982. Athsheoladh an tsamhail i 1990, nuair a bhí giotáir Fender a raibh corp fritháirithe acu ag éirí níos coitianta i measc ceoltóirí rac-cheoil neamhspleách agus grunge.<ref name="Fender"/><ref name="Brakes2022"/> I bhfómhar 2016, thug Fender leagan nua den Mustang isteach. Bhí fad scála 24 orlach, muineál maple cruth C, 22 freta de mheánmhéid agus dhá phiocadóir le corna amháin ar an leagan seo. Bhí rialtán toirte, rialtán tona agus lasc trí shuíomh chun na piocadóirí a roghnú ann freisin. Chuir an leagan sin córas rialaithe níos traidisiúnta ar fáil i gcomparáid le córas lasca sleamhnáin an mhúnla bhunaidh.<ref name="Fender"/> [[Íomhá:Fender Japan Mustang MG69.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotár Fender Mustang MG69 a monaraíodh sa tSeapáin, bunaithe ar dhearadh seanré na samhla.|Fender Japan Mustang MG69, leagan ath-eisiúna bunaithe ar dhearadh stairiúil.]] == Dearadh agus oibriú == Tá corp soladach ar an Mustang agus coim atá beagán fritháirithe, cosúil le dearadh an [[Fender Jazzmaster]]. Tá dhá phiocadóir le corna amháin suite ar uillinn ar an gcorp. D'athraigh ábhair, bailchríocha, cruthanna agus comhpháirteanna an ghiotáir thar na blianta, de réir na tréimhse monaraithe agus an leagain.<ref name="Fender"/><ref name="Brakes2021"/> [[Íomhá:Fender Mustang (1973) body.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Grianghraf de chorp Fender Mustang ó 1973, ag taispeáint na bpiocadóirí agus na rialuithe.|Corp Fender Mustang ó 1973, le dhá phiocadóir aonchorna.]] [[Íomhá:Fender Jaguar & Mustang.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotáir Fender Jaguar agus Fender Mustang taobh le taobh, ag léiriú na ndifríochtaí idir a gcruthanna.|Fender Jaguar agus Fender Mustang taobh le taobh.]] Gné shainiúil den leagan bunaidh ab ea a chóras rialaithe leictreonach. Bhí lasc sleamhnáin trí shuíomh ag gach piocadóir: ceann chun é a úsáid sa ghnáthchéim, ceann chun é a mhúchadh, agus ceann chun é a úsáid agus an chéim leictreach droim ar ais. Trí shocruithe an dá lasc a chomhcheangal, bhí ocht socrú fuaime úsáideacha ar fáil. Ní raibh lasc roghnaithe piocadóirí ar leith ag an gcóras bunaidh.<ref name="Fender"/> Bhí córas ''Dynamic Vibrato'' Fender ar cheann de na gnéithe ba shuntasaí den tsamhail. Bhain sé úsáid as droichead snámhach agus aonad vibrato ar leith. Trí an luamhán vibrato a bhogadh, athraítear teannas na dtéad agus, dá réir sin, airde na nótaí. Bhí an córas seo ar cheann de na difríochtaí tábhachtacha idir an Mustang agus na giotáir mac léinn Fender a tháinig roimhe.<ref name="Fender"/> [[Íomhá:Dynamic Vibrato, late 70's Fender Mustang.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Garghrianghraf de chóras Fender Dynamic Vibrato ar Mustang ó dheireadh na 1970idí.|Córas Dynamic Vibrato ar Fender Mustang ó dheireadh na 1970idí.]] == Úsáid agus tionchar cultúrtha == Bhain roinnt ceoltóirí aitheanta úsáid as an Mustang, cé gur dearadh mar ghiotár inacmhainne do thosaitheoirí a bhí ann ar dtús. Ina measc bhí Kurt Cobain ó [[Nirvana]], Bilinda Butcher ó My Bloody Valentine, Thurston Moore ó Sonic Youth, agus Graham Coxon agus Damon Albarn ó Blur.<ref name="Fender"/><ref name="Brakes2022"/> Bhí ''Competition Mustang'' a bhain le Kurt Cobain le feiceáil i bhfíseán ceoil ''[[Smells Like Teen Spirit]]'' le Nirvana, rud a chuidigh le haird lucht leanúna an bhanna a dhíriú ar an tsamhail. Bhí Mustang Cobain athraithe le piocadóir droim ar ais ag an droichead agus droichead de chineál Tune-o-matic, ach d'fhan cuma shainiúil an mhúnla le feiceáil. Bhí an Mustang ar cheann de na giotáir a bhain le híomhá Cobain agus le hathbheochan spéise i seanmhúnlaí Fender sna 1990idí.<ref name="MusicRadar"/><ref name="Brakes2022"/> [[Íomhá:Kurt Cobain, Smells Like Teen Spirit guitar, EMP Museum.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Giotár Fender Mustang le stríoca rásaíochta a bhain le Kurt Cobain, ar taispeáint i Músaem Popchultúir Seattle.|Fender Mustang a d'úsáid Kurt Cobain, ar taispeáint i Músaem Popchultúir.]] Mar thoradh ar an úsáid a bhain ceoltóirí de sheánraí éagsúla as, tá an Mustang aitheanta ní hamháin mar cheann de ghiotáir shainiúla Fender, ach mar uirlis a bhfuil baint aici le forbairt an cheoil surf, an phunc-cheoil agus an rac-cheoil mhalartaigh chomh maith.<ref name="Brakes2022"/> == Féach freisin == * [[Giotár]] * [[Fender Stratocaster]] * [[Fender Jazzmaster]] * [[Nirvana]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Fender Mustang}} [[Catagóir:Giotár]] [[Catagóir:Téaduirlisí]] 6vfyt7fpkgnh28r81u2mzruusfg9kns 0 128670 1330558 2026-10-24T16:25:32Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 Alt nua eile faoi ghiotár — mar nach raibh go leor acu againn cheana féin! 1330558 wikitext text/x-wiki Is samhail de [[giotár leictreach]] é an '''Fender Meteora''' a dhear an comhlacht Meiriceánach [[Fender]]. Tá corp soladach fritháirithe aige a bhfuil cruth sainiúil neamhshiméadrach air. Tháinig an giotár ar an margadh in 2018 mar chuid de shraith theoranta Parallel Universe de chuid Fender, agus tá leaganacha éagsúla de forbartha ó shin, lena n-áirítear samhlacha a bhfuil piocadóirí corna aonair nó piocadóirí humbucker orthu. In 2022, thug Fender leagan dordghiotáir den Meteora isteach freisin.<ref name="GuitarWorld2018">Richard Bienstock, [https://www.guitarworld.com/news/fender-releases-the-new-offset-body-meteora ''Fender Releases the New Offset-Body Meteora''], ''Guitar World'', 6 Samhain 2018.</ref><ref name="Fender2022">Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, [https://www.fender.com/newsroom/271726-fender-unveils-player-plus-meteora-guitar-models-designed-for-high-performance-sonic-enthusiasts/ ''Fender Unveils Player Plus Meteora Guitar Models, Designed for High Performance, Sonic Enthusiasts''], 15 Márta 2022.</ref> == Stair agus forbairt == D'fhorbair dearthóir Fender Josh Hurst an coincheap don Meteora. De réir chuntas an chomhlachta, thosaigh Hurst ag smaoineamh ar an dearadh in 2011. Níor cuireadh an giotár ar fáil ar bhonn tráchtála go dtí 2018, nuair a cuireadh san áireamh é i mbailiúchán Parallel Universe, sraith theoranta a chomhcheangail gnéithe ó dhearaí éagsúla Fender.<ref name="FenderConcept">Mike Duffy, [https://www.fender.com/articles/instruments/futuristic-and-familiar-inside-the-fender-parallel-universe-meteora ''Futuristic and Familiar: Inside the Fender Parallel Universe Meteora''], Fender.</ref><ref name="GuitarWorld2018"/> Bhí cumraíocht an chéad leagain bunaithe ar ghnéithe ón Telecaster agus ón Jazzmaster. Bhí corp fuinseoige, dhá phiocadóir corna aonair de chineál Telecaster, muineál maple agus droichead Telecaster air. Bhí fad scála 25.5 orlach (648 mm) agus 22 freit air. Bhí bailchríoch Butterscotch Blonde ar an leagan bunaidh, agus bhí inleagain dhronuilleogacha ar an gclár méire.<ref name="GuitarWorld2018"/><ref name="FenderConcept"/> In 2019, tháinig leagan nua ar an margadh faoin ainm '''Alternate Reality Meteora HH'''. Bhí dhá phiocadóir humbucker de chuid na sraithe Player agus muineál maple cruth Modern C air. Murab ionann agus droichead Telecaster an bhunleagain, bhí droichead Adjusto-Matic ar an leagan seo. D'fhéadfaí cornaí na bpiocadóirí a scoilteadh leis an rialtán tona, rud a chuir roghanna fuaime breise ar fáil. Bhí an tsamhail mar chuid de shraith Alternate Reality, ina ndearna Fender iniúchadh ar chumraíochtaí nua dá ghiotáir agus ar athruithe ar dhearaí seanbhunaithe.<ref name="FenderAlternate">Mike Duffy, [https://www.fender.com/articles/instruments/inside-the-alternate-reality-meteora-hh ''Motion Meets Balance: Inside the Alternate Reality Meteora HH''], Fender.</ref> In 2022, leathnaigh Fender an raon leis an '''Player Plus Meteora HH'''. Bhí dhá phiocadóir Fireball humbucker, córas vibrato sioncrónaithe dhá phointe agus lasc S-1 air, a cheadaigh cornaí na bpiocadóirí a scoilteadh chun roghanna fuaime breise a chur ar fáil. Cuireadh an tsamhail sa tsraith Player Plus, seachas í a theorannú do bhailiúchán eagrán teoranta.<ref name="MusicRadar2022">Rob Laing, [https://www.musicradar.com/reviews/fender-player-plus-meteora-hh ''Fender Player Plus Meteora HH review''], ''MusicRadar'', 8 Meitheamh 2022.</ref><ref name="Fender2022"/> An bhliain chéanna, thug Fender an '''Player Plus Active Meteora Bass''' isteach. Ba é seo an chéad dordghiotár sa tsraith Meteora. Bhí corp fritháirithe air, dhá phiocadóir humbucker agus réamhaimplitheoir gníomhach a d'fhéadfaí a úsáid i mód gníomhach nó éighníomhach. Leis an tsamhail sin, leathnaigh Fender dearadh an Meteora chuig uirlis cheithre théad a bhí dírithe ar sheinnteoirí dordghiotair.<ref name="Fender2022"/> In 2024, chuir Fender an '''American Ultra II Meteora''' leis an raon. Bhí corp fearnóige, dhá phiocadóir Haymaker humbucker, lasc S-1 agus droichead seasta air. Bhí rialtáin chomhrianta dord agus tríble aige freisin, a cheadaigh don imreoir freagra minicíochta na huirlise a athrú. Bhí an tsamhail mar chuid de shraith American Ultra II, a dhíríonn ar ghnéithe nua-aimseartha agus ar roghanna rialaithe fuaime níos leithne.<ref name="FenderUltraII">Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, [https://www.fender.com/newsroom/270215-fender-unveils-american-ultra-ii-the-most-advanced-guitar-series-in-the-brand-s-history/ ''Fender Unveils American Ultra II, the Most Advanced Guitar Series in the Brand’s History''], 15 Deireadh Fómhair 2024.</ref><ref name="PremierUltraII">Shawn Hammond, [https://www.premierguitar.com/gear/reviews/fender-american-ultra-ii-meteora ''Fender American Ultra II Meteora Review''], ''Premier Guitar''.</ref> == Dearadh agus saintréithe == Tá an Meteora aitheanta mar ghiotár le corp fritháirithe fadaithe agus línte dronuilleacha. Cé go bhfuil cosúlachtaí idir imlíne a choirp agus cruthanna an Jazzmaster agus an Jaguar, tá gnéithe eile dá dhearadh bainteach le traidisiún an Telecaster, go háirithe i gcás an bhunleagain.<ref name="FenderConcept"/><ref name="GuitarWorld2018"/><ref name="PremierUltraII"/> Ní hionann na hábhair ná na comhpháirteanna i ngach leagan. D'úsáid an bunleagan corp fuinseoige agus piocadóirí corna aonair, agus bhí piocadóirí humbucker ar na leaganacha Alternate Reality agus Player Plus. Athraíodh an droichead agus an córas rialaithe freisin: bhí droichead Telecaster ar mhúnla 2018, droichead Adjusto-Matic ar leagan 2019, córas vibrato ar an Player Plus HH, agus droichead seasta ar an American Ultra II.<ref name="GuitarWorld2018"/><ref name="FenderAlternate"/><ref name="MusicRadar2022"/><ref name="PremierUltraII"/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Leaganacha suntasacha den Fender Meteora ! Samhail !! Bliain a tugadh isteach !! Príomhghnéithe |- | Parallel Universe Meteora | 2018 | Corp fuinseoige, dhá phiocadóir corna aonair de chineál Telecaster, droichead Telecaster agus fad scála 25.5 orlach.<ref name="GuitarWorld2018"/> |- | Alternate Reality Meteora HH | 2019 | Dhá phiocadóir humbucker, droichead Adjusto-Matic agus lasc brú-tarraingthe chun cornaí na bpiocadóirí a scoilteadh.<ref name="FenderAlternate"/> |- | Player Plus Meteora HH | 2022 | Dhá phiocadóir Fireball humbucker, córas vibrato dhá phointe agus lasc S-1 chun na cornaí a scoilteadh.<ref name="MusicRadar2022"/><ref name="Fender2022"/> |- | Player Plus Active Meteora Bass | 2022 | Dordghiotár le dhá phiocadóir humbucker, réamhaimplitheoir gníomhach agus mód gníomhach nó éighníomhach.<ref name="Fender2022"/> |- | American Ultra II Meteora | 2024 | Dhá phiocadóir Haymaker humbucker, lasc S-1, rialtáin chomhrianta dord agus tríble agus droichead seasta.<ref name="FenderUltraII"/><ref name="PremierUltraII"/> |} == Féach freisin == * [[Giotár leictreach]] * [[Fender Telecaster]] * [[Fender Jazzmaster]] * [[Fender Stratocaster]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Giotár]] [[Catagóir:Téaduirlisí]] 53qwutwvm2xud4j4l4wpy1whs1u7m4t 0 128671 1330560 2026-10-24T18:05:46Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 Cruthaíodh alt nua ar struchtúir sonraí, ó eagair go graif, le beagán O mór ann freisin. 1330560 wikitext text/x-wiki Is éard is '''struchtúr sonraí''' ann ná modh chun sonraí a léiriú, a eagrú agus a stóráil, de ghnáth i gcuimhne ríomhaire, ionas gur féidir le ríomhchlár iad a rochtain agus a mhionathrú go héifeachtúil.<ref name="NISTDS">Paul E. Black, [https://xlinux.nist.gov/dads/HTML/dataStructure.html “data structure”], ''Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures'', National Institute of Standards and Technology, leasaithe an 20 Meán Fómhair 2024.</ref> Bíonn tionchar ag an struchtúr a roghnaítear ar luas na n-oibríochtaí, ar úsáid na cuimhne agus ar chastacht chur chun feidhme an chláir.<ref name="MorinArray">Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/2_Array_Based_Lists.html “2. Array-Based Lists”], ''Open Data Structures''.</ref> == An coincheap == Eagraíonn struchtúr sonraí eilimintí aonair agus, nuair is gá, na naisc eatarthu. D'fhéadfadh na heilimintí a bheith ina n-uimhreacha, ina dtéacsanna, ina dtaifid nó ina réada eile. I measc na n-oibríochtaí a dhéantar go minic tá cuardach, cur isteach, baint, nuashonrú agus rochtain ar eilimint faoi leith.<ref name="NISTDS" /> Ní hionann struchtúr sonraí agus [[cineál sonraí teibí]] (''abstract data type'', ADT). Sonraíonn cineál sonraí teibí na luachanna agus na hoibríochtaí atá ar fáil, chomh maith leis an iompar a mbeifear ag súil leis. Is éard atá i struchtúr sonraí ná modh nithiúil chun na sonraí a eagrú agus na hoibríochtaí sin a chur chun feidhme.<ref name="NISTADT">Paul E. Black, [https://xlinux.nist.gov/dads/HTML/abstractDataType.html “abstract data type”], ''Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures'', National Institute of Standards and Technology, leasaithe an 10 Feabhra 2005.</ref> Mar shampla, is féidir scuaine a chur chun feidhme le heagar nó le liosta nasctha. Fanann an prionsabal céanna maidir leis an ord ina bpróiseáiltear na heilimintí, cé go bhféadfadh costas agus modh cur chun feidhme na n-oibríochtaí a bheith éagsúil.<ref name="MorinArray" /><ref name="MorinLinked">Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/3_Linked_Lists.html “3. Linked Lists”], ''Open Data Structures''.</ref> == Príomhchineálacha == Seo a leanas cuid de na struchtúir sonraí is coitianta i [[ríomheolaíocht]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Samplaí de struchtúir sonraí ! Cineál !! Cur síos !! Príomhúsáid nó saintréith |- | Eagar (''array'') | Seicheamh eilimintí ar féidir rochtain a fháil orthu trí innéacs. | Rochtain dhíreach thapa ar eilimintí de réir a n-innéacs. |- | Liosta nasctha (''linked list'') | Sraith nóid ina bhfuil sonraí agus tagairtí do nóid eile. | Cur isteach agus baint eilimintí gan gá le seicheamh mór eilimintí a bhogadh. |- | Cruach (''stack'') | Struchtúr ina gcuirtear eilimintí leis agus ina mbaintear iad ón gceann céanna. | Leanann sí prionsabal LIFO: an eilimint dheireanach a cuireadh isteach, baintear í ar dtús. |- | Scuaine (''queue'') | Struchtúr ina gcuirtear eilimintí isteach ag foirceann amháin agus ina mbaintear iad ón gceann eile. | Leanann gnáthscuaine prionsabal FIFO: an chéad eilimint a cuireadh isteach, baintear í ar dtús. |- | Tábla haisithe (''hash table'') | Struchtúr a úsáideann feidhm haisithe chun eochracha a cheangal leis na sonraí comhfhreagracha. | Cuardach, cur isteach agus baint de réir eochrach. |- | Crann (''tree'') | Struchtúr ordlathach ina bhfuil nóid atá ceangailte le chéile. | Léiriú ar shonraí ordlathacha agus cuardach ordaithe. |- | Carn (''heap'') | Struchtúr crainn a choinníonn airí tosaíochta idir na nóid. | Scuainí tosaíochta agus roghnú tapa na heiliminte is airde nó is ísle tosaíochta. |- | Graf (''graph'') | Sraith rinn atá ceangailte le himill a léiríonn naisc eatarthu. | Líonraí, bealaí agus caidrimh idir eintitis a shamhaltú. |} Ní liosta uileghabhálach é seo. I measc struchtúr eile tá scipe-liostaí, crainn chuardaigh chothromaithe agus B-chrainn. Braitheann na buntáistí a bhaineann le gach ceann acu ar an gcaoi a n-úsáidtear na sonraí agus ar na hoibríochtaí atá de dhíth.<ref name="MorinHash">Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/5_Hash_Tables.html “5. Hash Tables”], ''Open Data Structures''.</ref><ref name="MorinTrees">Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/6_Binary_Trees.html “6. Binary Trees”], ''Open Data Structures''.</ref> == Struchtúir sheicheamhacha == === Eagair agus liostaí nasctha === Is éard atá in eagar ná seicheamh eilimintí a eagraítear ionas gur féidir teacht ar eilimint de réir innéacs. I ngnáth-eagar, bíonn rochtain ar eilimint ar leith neamhspleách ar líon na n-eilimintí eile. D'fhéadfadh sé a bheith níos costasaí eilimint a chur isteach i lár an tseichimh nó í a bhaint de, áfach, toisc gur gá eilimintí eile a bhogadh.<ref name="MorinArray" /> [[Íomhá:DataStructuresLinkedListofN.svg|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid de nóid liosta nasctha atá ceangailte i seicheamh|Léiriú ar liosta nasctha, ina gceanglaíonn tagairtí na nóid le chéile.]] I liosta nasctha, stóráiltear na heilimintí i nóid ar leith, agus nascann tagairtí na nóid sin lena chéile. I liosta singil nasctha, tagraíonn gach nód don chéad nód eile. I liosta dúbailte nasctha, tá tagairtí ann sa dá threo. Is féidir nód a chur isteach in aice le nód atá ar eolas cheana féin gan na heilimintí eile a bhogadh. Ar an taobh eile, de ghnáth ní mór dul trí na nóid chun teacht ar eilimint de réir a suímh.<ref name="MorinLinked" /> === Cruacha agus scuainí === Leanann cruach prionsabal ''Last In, First Out'' (LIFO). Cuirtear eilimintí ar a barr agus baintear den bharr iad. Is iad na príomhoibríochtaí ná eilimint a chur isteach, ar a dtugtar ''push'', agus eilimint a bhaint, ar a dtugtar ''pop''. Úsáidtear cruacha, mar shampla, chun glaonna feidhmeanna agus staid roimhe sin clár a bhainistiú.<ref name="MorinStack">Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/2_1_ArrayStack_Fast_Stack_O.html “ArrayStack: Fast Stack Operations Using an Array”], ''Open Data Structures''.</ref> Leanann gnáthscuaine prionsabal ''First In, First Out'' (FIFO). Cuirtear eilimintí isteach ag deireadh na scuaine agus baintear den tosach iad. Úsáidtear scuainí chun iarratais a phróiseáil san ord ina bhfuarthas iad, agus chun tascanna atá ag fanacht le hacmhainní ríomhaireachta a bhainistiú.<ref name="MorinLinked" /> == Struchtúir haisithe agus crainn == === Táblaí haisithe === Úsáideann tábla haisithe feidhm haisithe chun eochair a athrú ina luach lena n-aimsítear suíomh stórála. Déantar é sin chun luach a stóráil nó a aisghabháil trí úsáid a bhaint as an eochair sin. Is minic a bhíonn cuardach, cur isteach agus baint éifeachtach le tábla haisithe, ach braitheann an fheidhmíocht ar an bhfeidhm haisithe, ar mhéid an tábla agus ar an gcaoi a láimhseáiltear coimhlintí, nuair a thugann eochracha éagsúla an luach haisithe céanna.<ref name="MorinHash" /><ref name="OpenDSAHash">OpenDSA, [https://opendsa.org/OpenDSA/Books/CS3/html/HashIntro.html “Introduction to Hashing”], ''Data Structures and Algorithms''.</ref> === Crainn agus carnáin === [[Íomhá:Simple 5 Leaf Binary Tree.svg|mion|deas|alt=Crann dénártha fréamhaithe ina bhfuil cúig nód duille|Sampla de chrann dénártha.]] Is struchtúr ordlathach é crann fréamhaithe ina bhfuil fréamh amháin agus naisc idir tuismitheoirí agus leanaí. Is éard atá i gcrann dénártha ná crann nach mbíonn níos mó ná beirt leanaí ag gach nód. I gcrann cuardaigh dénártha, eagraítear na luachanna de réir rialach a chuireann ar chumas cuardach ordaithe. Braitheann éifeachtúlacht na n-oibríochtaí ar chruth an chrainn agus ar an gcaoi a gcoinnítear cothrom é.<ref name="MorinTrees" /><ref name="OpenDSABST">OpenDSA, [https://opendsa.org/OpenDSA/Books/Catalog/html/BST.html “Binary Search Trees”], roinn ar anailís na gcrann cuardaigh dénártha.</ref> Is cineál crainn é carn a choinníonn airí tosaíochta idir tuismitheoir agus a leanaí. I gcarn íosta, níl aon leanbh níos lú ná a thuismitheoir; i gcarn uasta, níl aon leanbh níos mó ná a thuismitheoir. Is féidir carn dénártha a chur chun feidhme le heagar, agus úsáidtear é go minic chun scuaine tosaíochta a chur ar fáil.<ref name="MorinHeaps">Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/10_Heaps.html “10. Heaps”], ''Open Data Structures''.</ref> == Graif == Is struchtúr sonraí é graf atá comhdhéanta de rinn agus imill. Léiríonn na rinn na heintitis atá á samhaltú, agus léiríonn na himill na naisc eatarthu. I ngraf dírithe, bíonn treo ag gach imeall; i ngraf neamh-dhírithe, ní bhíonn treo sonraithe ag na naisc. Is féidir graf a léiriú le maitrís chóngarachta nó le liostaí comharsanachta. Stórálann maitrís chóngarachta faisnéis faoi naisc idir péirí rinn, agus stórálann liosta comharsanachta na comharsana atá nasctha le gach rinn.<ref name="MorinGraphs">Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/12_Graphs.html “12. Graphs”], ''Open Data Structures''.</ref> Úsáidtear graif chun líonraí cumarsáide, gréasáin iompair agus caidrimh eile a shamhaltú. Mar shampla, is féidir acomhail a léiriú mar rinn agus bóithre mar imill. Is féidir algartaim chuardaigh a chur i bhfeidhm ar an ngraf sin chun bealaí a aimsiú nó chun nascacht an líonra a scrúdú.<ref name="MorinGraphs" /> == Feidhmíocht agus castacht == Déantar measúnú ar struchtúr sonraí de réir chostas na n-oibríochtaí a dhéantar air agus de réir an méid cuimhne a bhíonn de dhíth air. Is minic a chuirtear an costas in iúl mar fheidhm de <math>n</math>, líon na n-eilimintí sa struchtúr. Úsáidtear [[nodaireacht O mhór|nodaireacht O mhór]] chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar ráta fáis uachtarach chostas ama nó cuimhne de réir mar a fhásann méid an ionchuir.<ref name="OpenDSAAsymptotic">OpenDSA, [https://opendsa-server.cs.vt.edu/ODSA/Books/pubbook/odsa-all/fall-2019/Public_Instance/html/AnalAsymptotic.html “Asymptotic Analysis and Upper Bounds”], ''Data Structures and Algorithms Modules''.</ref> I measc na rátaí fáis a úsáidtear go minic tá: * <math>O(1)</math> — costas tairiseach, nach mbraitheann ar líon na n-eilimintí. * <math>O(\log n)</math> — costas logartamach, a fhásann go mall de réir mar a mhéadaíonn an t-ionchur. * <math>O(n)</math> — costas líneach, a fhásann i gcomhréir le líon na n-eilimintí. * <math>O(n^2)</math> — costas cearnach, a fhásann de réir chearnóg líon na n-eilimintí. Ní hionann nodaireacht O mhór agus am rite cruinn i soicindí. Ní léiríonn sí na tairisigh a bhaineann le cur chun feidhme ar leith ach oiread, agus bíonn sé tábhachtach a shonrú an bhfuiltear ag caint faoin gcás is fearr, faoin meánchás nó faoin gcás is measa.<ref name="OpenDSAAsymptotic" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ Costais ama tipiciúla roinnt oibríochtaí ! Struchtúr !! Oibríochtaí agus costas ama !! Coinníollacha |- | Eagar | Rochtain trí innéacs: <math>O(1)</math>; cuardach líneach gan ord: <math>O(n)</math>; cur isteach nó baint i lár an tseichimh: <math>O(n)</math>.<ref name="MorinArray" /> | Braitheann costas cur isteach agus baint ar shuíomh na heiliminte agus ar chur chun feidhme an eagair. |- | Liosta nasctha | Rochtain de réir suímh nó cuardach: <math>O(n)</math>; cur isteach in aice le nód atá ar eolas: <math>O(1)</math>.<ref name="MorinLinked" /> | Chun nód a bhaint de liosta singil nasctha, d'fhéadfadh sé a bheith riachtanach an réamhnód a bheith ar eolas freisin. |- | Cruach | Cuir isteach nó bain den bharr: <math>O(1)</math> amortaithe.<ref name="MorinStack" /> | D'fhéadfadh athrú méide eagair costas níos airde a chruthú d'oibríocht aonair, cé go mbíonn an costas meánaithe thar shraith oibríochtaí tairiseach. |- | Scuaine | Cuir isteach ag an deireadh nó bain den tosach: <math>O(1)</math> i ngnáthchur chun feidhme éifeachtúil.<ref name="MorinArray" /><ref name="MorinLinked" /> | Braitheann an costas ar chur chun feidhme, mar shampla eagar ciorclach nó liosta nasctha. |- | Tábla haisithe | Cuardach, cur isteach agus baint: <math>O(1)</math> ar an meán; <math>O(n)</math> sa chás is measa.<ref name="MorinHash" /><ref name="OpenDSAHash" /> | Braitheann an fheidhmíocht ar an bhfeidhm haisithe, ar na coimhlintí agus ar ualach an tábla. |- | Crann cuardaigh dénártha cothromaithe | Cuardach, cur isteach agus baint: <math>O(\log n)</math>.<ref name="OpenDSABST" /> | I gcrann nach gcoinnítear cothrom, d'fhéadfadh na hoibríochtaí céanna costas <math>O(n)</math> a bheith orthu. |- | Carn dénártha | Rochtain ar an eilimint tosaíochta: <math>O(1)</math>; cur isteach nó baint na heiliminte tosaíochta: <math>O(\log n)</math>.<ref name="MorinHeaps" /> | Ní ráthaíonn carn dénártha cuardach tapa ar luach ar bith eile sa charn. |} Léiríonn cuardach dénártha an tairbhe a bhaineann le ráta fáis logartamach. Ní oibríonn sé i gceart ach nuair atá na luachanna eagraithe san ord riachtanach. I ngach céim, déantar comparáid leis an eilimint sa lár agus cuirtear deireadh le leath den eatramh cuardaigh.<ref name="OpenDSABinarySearch">OpenDSA, [https://opendsa.org/OpenDSA/Books/Catalog/html/AnalProgram.html “Calculating Program Running Time”], roinn ar anailís chuardaigh dhéanaigh.</ref> Mar shampla, i mbailiúchán ordaithe ina bhfuil 1,024 eilimint, is ionann deich leathú agus laghdú an eatraimh go dtí eilimint amháin, mar: <math>\log_2(1024)=10</math> D'fhéadfadh comparáid dheiridh a bheith riachtanach chun a dheimhniú an bhfuil an eilimint aimsithe. I gcuardach líneach, d'fhéadfadh sé go mbeadh gá le suas le 1,024 eilimint a scrúdú. Dá bhrí sin, bíonn cuardach dénártha i bhfad níos éifeachtaí i gcás bailiúchán mór ordaithe, ar choinníoll go bhfuil costas eagrúcháin agus cothabhála na sonraí inghlactha.<ref name="OpenDSABinarySearch" /> Maidir le graif a stóráiltear le liostaí comharsanachta, is féidir cuairt a thabhairt ar gach rinn agus ar gach imeall le cuardach domhain nó cuardach ar leithead ar chostas ama <math>O(V+E)</math>, áit arb é <math>V</math> líon na rinn agus <math>E</math> líon na n-imill.<ref name="MorinGraphs" /> Ní bhíonn struchtúr sonraí amháin níos fearr ná gach struchtúr eile i ngach cás. Braitheann an rogha ar na hoibríochtaí is minice a dhéantar, ar mhéid agus ar dháileadh na sonraí, ar na srianta cuimhne agus ar riachtanais feidhmíochta an chláir. == Feidhmeanna == Úsáidtear struchtúir sonraí ar fud na ríomhaireachta. Bíonn eagair agus liostaí nasctha úsáideach chun seichimh a choinneáil; bíonn cruacha agus scuainí oiriúnach do phróiseáil in ord sonrach; agus úsáidtear táblaí haisithe chun luachanna a aisghabháil de réir eochracha.<ref name="MorinArray" /><ref name="MorinLinked" /><ref name="MorinHash" /> Úsáidtear crainn chuardaigh nuair is gá luachanna a eagrú agus cuardach ordaithe a dhéanamh orthu. Úsáidtear carnáin i scuainí tosaíochta, agus bíonn graif úsáideach chun líonraí agus caidrimh idir eintitis a shamhaltú.<ref name="OpenDSABST" /><ref name="MorinHeaps" /><ref name="MorinGraphs" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Algartam]] * [[Ríomheolaíocht]] * [[Sonraí]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Data structures}} [[Catagóir:Ríomheolaíocht]] f0nmxuvni4tw7a9sg8dwlrhspjiel73 0 128672 1330565 2026-10-24T20:14:19Z TGcoa 21229 Leathanach cruthaithe le '[[Íomhá:Cropped Gladstone's Red Box.jpg|mion|220px|An bosca dearg a rinneadh do [[William Gladstone|William Ewart Gladstone]] dá chéad bhuiséad sa bhliain 1853. Bhain formhór na Seansailéirí a tháinig ina dhiaidh úsáid as go dtí 2010.]] [[Íomhá:Jean-Baptiste van Loo - Robert Walpole.jpg|mion|220px|Portráid de [[Robert Walpole]], Seansailéir an Státchiste, ó cheardlann Jean-Baptiste van Loo (thart ar 1740). Is i bpaimfléad inar cáineadh a phlean...' 1330565 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Cropped Gladstone's Red Box.jpg|mion|220px|An bosca dearg a rinneadh do [[William Gladstone|William Ewart Gladstone]] dá chéad bhuiséad sa bhliain 1853. Bhain formhór na Seansailéirí a tháinig ina dhiaidh úsáid as go dtí 2010.]] [[Íomhá:Jean-Baptiste van Loo - Robert Walpole.jpg|mion|220px|Portráid de [[Robert Walpole]], Seansailéir an Státchiste, ó cheardlann Jean-Baptiste van Loo (thart ar 1740). Is i bpaimfléad inar cáineadh a phleananna cánach, sa bhliain 1733, a úsáideadh an focal ''budget'' den chéad uair i dtaca le beartais fhioscacha an rialtais.]]Is éard is '''buiséad rialtais ('''nó '''cáinaisnéis)'''<ref>Béarla: ''government budget''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/government%20budget/|title=government budget|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> ann ná plean airgeadais ina leagann rialtas amach an t-ioncam a bhfuil súil aige leis agus an caiteachas atá beartaithe aige le haghaidh tréimhse áirithe, bliain airgeadais de ghnáth.<ref name="enGB">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Government budget|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_budget|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Is ó chánacha is mó a thagann ioncam an rialtais, ar nós cáin ioncaim agus cáin chorparáide, agus caitear an t-airgead ar sheirbhísí poiblí amhail sláinte, oideachas, cosaint, bonneagar agus leas sóisialach. I bhformhór na gcóras parlaiminteach, cuireann an rialtas an buiséad faoi bhráid an reachtais, agus is gnách go mbíonn ceadú an reachtais ag teastáil. Is tríd an mbuiséad a chuireann an rialtas a bheartas eacnamaíoch i bhfeidhm agus a thugann sé a chuid tosaíochtaí i gcrích.<ref name="enGB" /> In Éirinn, fógraíonn an tAire Airgeadais agus an tAire Caiteachais Phoiblí, Bonneagair, Athchóiriúcháin Seirbhíse Poiblí agus Digitiúcháin pleananna an Rialtais maidir le caiteachas, cánacha agus iasachtaíocht don bhliain dár gcionn i bhfómhar gach bliana. '''An Buiséad''' nó '''an Buiséad Náisiúnta''' a thugtar air sin, agus clúdaíonn sé caiteachas agus ioncam uile an Rialtais, lena n-áirítear na ranna stáit, na gníomhaireachtaí stáit agus an earnáil rialtais áitiúil.<ref name="Achomair">{{Cite web-en|url=https://assets.gov.ie/static/documents/cc1e2e31/Your_Guide_to_Budget_2027_Irish.pdf|title=An Buiséad go hAchomair 2027: Do Threoir don Bhuiséad|publisher=An Roinn Caiteachais Phoiblí, Bonneagair, Athchóiriúcháin Seirbhíse Poiblí agus Digitiúcháin|date=2026-10|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Dar le ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'' (1992), is ráiteas foirmiúil é a leagann an tAire Airgeadais os comhair na Dála faoi bhearta caiteachais agus cánach an rialtais.<ref name="Ciste24">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=24}}</ref> Mar shampla, cuireadh Buiséad 2027 os comhair [[Dáil Éireann|Dháil Éireann]] ar an 6 Deireadh Fómhair 2026.<ref name="Dail2026">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2026-10-06/3/|title=Budget Statement 2027|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=2026-10-06|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Tugtar '''cáinaisnéis''' ar bhuiséad freisin,<ref name="FGBcain">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/c%C3%A1inaisn%C3%A9is|title=cáinaisnéis|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (teanglann.ie, ''Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla'')|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> ach is é ''buiséad'' a úsáideann an Rialtas ina chuid foilseachán Gaeilge.<ref name="Achomair" />[[Íomhá:Prinsjesdag 1976, Duisenberg met koffertje (voor Ridderzaal, Bestanddeelnr 928-7930.jpg|mion|220px|Wim Duisenberg, aire airgeadais na hÍsiltíre, agus mála an bhuiséid ina láimh aige ar ''Prinsjesdag'' in 1976.]] [[Íomhá:Government Buildings, Dublin, Ireland.jpg|mion|220px|[[Tithe an Rialtais]], Baile Átha Cliath, ceanncheathrú [[An Roinn Airgeadais|na Roinne Airgeadais]] agus na Roinne Caiteachais Phoiblí.]] == Sanasaíocht == Is ainmfhocal firinscneach den chéad díochlaonadh é ''buiséad'' (ginideach agus iolra: ''buiséid'').<ref name="FGB">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/buis%C3%A9ad|title=buiséad|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (teanglann.ie, ''Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla'')|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="focloirBudget">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.focloir.ie/ga/dictionary/ei/budget|title=budget|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (focloir.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Is é ''buiséadaigh'' an briathar a bhaineann leis, agus is é ''buiséadú'' an t-ainm briathartha.<ref name="focloirBudget" /> De réir ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', is ó [[Gaeilge na hAlban|Ghaeilge na hAlban]] a fuair an Ghaeilge an focal ar iasacht, san fhichiú haois.<ref name="Ciste24" /> Is ón bhfocal Béarla ''budget'' a thagann ''buiséad''. Sa chúigiú haois déag, ba é ''bouget'' an fhoirm a bhí ar an bhfocal sa Bhéarla, agus chiallaigh sé "mála beag leathair". Is ó ''bougette'' na Fraincise a fuair an Béarla é, foirm dhíspeagtha<ref>Béarla: ''diminutive''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/diminutive/|title=diminutive|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> de ''bouge'' ("mála leathair"). Tháinig ''bouge'' ón Laidin ''bulga'' ("mála leathair"), focal de bhunadh [[An Ghaillis|Gaillise]], agus tá gaol aige le ''bolg'' ("mála") na Sean-Ghaeilge.<ref name="etym">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/budget|title=budget|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Is in 1733 a úsáideadh ''budget'' den chéad uair sa chiall "ráiteas ar an gcaiteachas agus ar an ioncam a bhfuiltear ag súil leo". De réir cosúlachta, is é is bunús leis an gciall sin gur choinnigh an t-aire a bhí i gceannas ar an státchiste a chuid pleananna airgeadais i mála.<ref name="etym" /> Is é an nós a bhí ag [[Seansailéir an Státchiste]] sa Bhreatain a chuid moltaí airgeadais bliantúla a thabhairt leis i seanmhála leathair chuig [[Teach na dTeachtaí, An Ríocht Aontaithe|Teach na dTeachtaí]] a thug an téarma ''budget'' don Bhéarla.<ref name="Ciste24" /> Sa bhliain 1853, rinneadh bosca dearg do [[William Gladstone|William Ewart Gladstone]] dá chéad bhuiséad, agus bhain formhór na Seansailéirí a tháinig ina dhiaidh úsáid as chun a gcuid páipéar a iompar go dtí 2010. Is bosca nua a úsáidtear ón mbliain 2011 i leith. Ar Lá an Bhuiséid, is nós leis an Seansailéir an bosca dearg a ardú os comhair lucht na meán ar Shráid Downing, ach ní bhíonn an buiséad féin ann: ní bhíonn ann ach óráid an tSeansailéara agus a chuid nótaí.<ref name="enRedBox">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Red box (government)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_box_(government)|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ba é '''cáinaisnéis''' an focal a bhí in úsáid roimhe sin. Tugann ''Foclóir Béarla–Gaeilge'' de Bhaldraithe (1959) ''riar airgid'' agus ''cáinaisnéis'' ar ''budget'' i gcúrsaí airgeadais, mar aon le nathanna ar nós ''an cháinaisnéis a chur os comhair na parlaiminte'' agus ''an cháinaisnéis a chomhardú''.<ref name="EID">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/eid/budget|title=budget|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (teanglann.ie, ''Foclóir Béarla–Gaeilge'')|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Dar le ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', áfach, is deise agus is cruinne an focal ''buiséad'' ná an seantéarma ''cáinaisnéis''.<ref name="Ciste24" /> Sa bhunachar téarmaíochta téarma.ie, tá ''mion-cháinaisnéis'' marcáilte mar théarma dímholta, agus is é ''mionbhuiséad'' a mholtar ina áit.<ref name="tearmaMini">{{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/mini-budget/|title=mini-budget|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ní úsáidtear ''buiséad'' ná ''cáinaisnéis'' i [[Bunreacht na hÉireann|mBunreacht na hÉireann]]: ''Meastacháin ar Fháltas an Stáit agus Meastacháin ar Chaitheamh Airgid an Stáit'' a thugann sé ar phleananna airgeadais an Rialtais (féach thíos).<ref name="Bunreacht">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/ga/html|title=Bunreacht na hÉireann|publisher=Irish Statute Book|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Stair == I bhformhór na dtíortha inniu, is é an reachtas a cheadaíonn an buiséad, ach ba de réir a chéile a fuair na parlaimintí an chumhacht sin. Ar dtús, fuair siad smacht ar an gcánachas, agus ina dhiaidh sin ar an gcaiteachas, nuair a d'éiligh siad tuarascáil bhliantúil ar ioncam agus ar chaiteachas an rialtais.<ref name="enGB" /> Sa bhliain 1689, dhearbhaigh Bille na gCeart<ref>Béarla: ''Bill of Rights 1689''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/Bill%20of%20Rights/|title=Bill of Rights|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> i Sasana nach bhféadfadh rialtas an rí iallach a chur ar aon duine cáin a íoc gan cead na Parlaiminte.<ref name="enGB" /> Meastar gurb iad an Ísiltír (1572) agus Sasana (1689) na chéad tíortha a raibh buiséid bhliantúla acu a bhféadfadh an pharlaimint iniúchadh a dhéanamh orthu. Lean an Fhrainc (1830), an Danmhairg (1848), an tSualainn (1866) agus an Spáinn (1876) iad, i measc tíortha eile.<ref name="enGB" /> Sa Bhreatain, ba é Sir [[Robert Walpole]], agus é ina [[Seansailéir an Státchiste|Sheansailéir an Státchiste]], a thosaigh ar an nós buiséid agus beartas fioscach<ref>Béarla: ''fiscal policy''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/fiscal%20policy/|title=fiscal policy|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> a chur faoi bhráid na parlaiminte, chun muinín an phobail a athbhunú tar éis na géarchéime airgeadais a tharla sa bhliain 1720.<ref>Béarla: ''South Sea Bubble'' – titim thobann ar luach scaireanna an ''South Sea Company'' sa bhliain 1720.</ref><ref name="enGB" /> Sa bhliain 1733, d'fhógair Walpole plean chun dleachtanna máil a ghearradh ar earraí ar nós fíona agus tobac, agus chun an t-ualach cánach ar úinéirí talún a laghdú. Bhí fearg mhór ar an bpobal. Scríobh an Fuig<ref>Béarla: ''Whig''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/Whig/|title=Whig|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> William Pulteney paimfléad ina choinne dar teideal ''The Budget Opened'', agus b'in an chéad uair a úsáideadh an focal ''budget'' i dtaca le beartais fhioscacha an rialtais. Tarraingíodh an bille siar sa deireadh.<ref name="enGB" /> Faoi na 1760idí, bhí ráiteas bliantúil an bhuiséid ina ghnáthchleachtas i bParlaimint na Breataine.<ref name="enGB" /> Ar an 18 Aibreán 1853, thug [[William Gladstone|William Ewart Gladstone]] an óráid bhuiséid ab fhaide riamh sa Bhreatain: labhair sé ar feadh ceithre uair an chloig agus cúig nóiméad is daichead.<ref name="enBudgetDay">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Budget Day|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_Day|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Sna [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Stáit Aontaithe]], leagadh síos creat an bhuiséid cónaidhme nua-aimseartha san Acht Buiséid agus Cuntasaíochta,<ref>Béarla: ''Budget and Accounting Act of 1921''.</ref> a shínigh an tUachtarán [[Warren G. Harding]] in 1921. Den chéad uair, b'éigean don Uachtarán buiséad bliantúil don rialtas cónaidhme<ref>Béarla: ''federal government''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/federal%20government/|title=federal government|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> ar fad a chur faoi bhráid na [[Comhdháil na Stát Aontaithe|Comhdhála]]. Bunaíodh Biúró an Bhuiséid<ref>Béarla: ''Bureau of the Budget''.</ref> faoin Acht chun cabhrú leis an Uachtarán; an Oifig Bainistíochta agus Buiséid<ref>Béarla: ''Office of Management and Budget''.</ref> a thugtar air inniu.<ref name="enBAA">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Budget and Accounting Act|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_and_Accounting_Act|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> San fhichiú haois, d'fhás tábhacht an bhuiséid i mbainistiú an gheilleagair. Mhol an t-eacnamaí [[John Maynard Keynes]] go bhféadfadh an rialtas an t-éileamh ar earraí agus ar sheirbhísí a spreagadh trí '''bhuiséadú go heasnamhach''': mura ngearrfadh sé an méid iomlán cánach a theastódh chun an t-easnamh a ghlanadh, d'fhágfaí breis airgid ag an bpobal le caitheamh, agus mhéadófaí an t-éileamh agus an fhostaíocht dá réir.<ref name="Ciste38">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=38}}</ref> Inniu, molann formhór na n-eacnamaithe buiséad atá comhardaithe thar thimthriall iomlán an gheilleagair, seachas gach bliain: easnamh le linn cúlaithe, chun an geilleagar a spreagadh, agus barrachas le linn borrtha, chun srian a choinneáil air.<ref name="enBalanced">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Balanced budget|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_budget|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{Príomhalt|Eacnamaíocht Keyneseach}} == Ioncam agus caiteachas == Is ó chánacha a thagann formhór ioncam an rialtais. Lena chois sin, gearrann an rialtas táillí agus muirir ar sheirbhísí áirithe; faigheann sé deontais agus cúnamh ó eagraíochtaí idirnáisiúnta nó ó rialtais eile; díolann sé sócmhainní poiblí, ar nós talún, foirgneamh nó trealaimh; agus faigheann sé airgead ar iasacht trí bhannaí agus urrúis eile a eisiúint, rud a mhéadaíonn a chuid fiach.<ref name="enGB" /> Tugtar [[príobháidiú]] ar shócmhainní poiblí a dhíol le comhlachtaí príobháideacha.<ref name="enGB" /> De réir ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', faigheann rialtas na hÉireann cuid dá chuid airgid trí earraí agus seirbhísí a dhíol, ach is ó chánacha a ghearrtar ar cháiníocóirí agus ar chomhlachtaí, agus ó iasachtaí sa bhaile agus thar lear, a fhaigheann sé bunús an airgid.<ref name="Ciste25">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=25}}</ref> In Éirinn, íoctar gach íocaíocht chánach agus ioncam eile a fhaigheann an Stát isteach i gciste lárnach, an [[Státchiste]], agus is as sin a mhaoinítear caiteachas an Rialtais.<ref name="Achomair" /> Éilíonn Airteagal 11 de Bhunreacht na hÉireann go gcuirfí "cíos uile an Stáit cibé bunadh atá leis ... in aon chiste amháin".<ref name="Bunreacht" /> Tagann cuid eile den ioncam ó Leithreasuithe-i-gCabhair, is é sin, an t-airgead a ghineann ranna agus comhlachtaí Rialtais dá n-úsáid féin.<ref name="Achomair" /> Déantar idirdhealú idir dhá chineál caiteachais. Is é an '''caiteachas reatha''' an t-airgead a chaitheann na ranna stáit ó lá go lá ar na seirbhísí a chuireann siad ar fáil – cíos, teas, taisteal agus tuarastail, mar shampla.<ref name="Ciste24" /> In Éirinn, áirítear pá agus pinsin na seirbhíse poiblí leis.<ref name="Achomair" /> Is é an '''caiteachas caipitiúil''' an t-airgead a chaitear ar oibreacha buana agus ar shócmhainní fadtéarmacha, amhail bóithre, droichid, ospidéil, aerfoirt agus scoileanna, agus ar shócmhainní neamhfhisiciúla, ar nós bogearraí ríomhaireachta.<ref name="Ciste24" /><ref name="Achomair" /> Dar le ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', ba cheart caiteachas reatha a íoc as ioncam reatha. Más gá airgead a fháil ar iasacht, is ciallmhar é sin a dhéanamh le haghaidh tionscadal caipitiúil a bheidh in ann an iasacht agus an t-ús a aisíoc.<ref name="Ciste24" /> Sa bhuiséad don bhliain 2027, bhí €125.6 billiún de '''chaiteachas vótáilte''' ann, is é sin, caiteachas a cheadaíonn an Dáil gach bliain le linn phróiseas an bhuiséid. Bhí €19.1 billiún eile de '''chaiteachas neamhvótáilte''' ann, nach mbíonn faoi réir cheadú bliantúil na Dála, mar go gceadaítear é faoi dhlíthe atá ann cheana. Áirítear leis an gcaiteachas sin an t-ús ar an bhfiachas náisiúnta, ranníocaíocht na hÉireann le buiséad an Aontais Eorpaigh, costais Thithe an Oireachtais agus tuarastail na mbreithiúna.<ref name="Achomair" /> === Easnamh agus barrachas === Más ionann an t-ioncam agus an caiteachas, tugtar '''buiséad comhardaithe''' air.<ref name="tearmaBalanced">{{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/balanced%20budget/|title=balanced budget|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="enGB" /> Nuair is mó an caiteachas ná an t-ioncam, bíonn '''easnamh sa bhuiséad'''<ref>Béarla: ''budget deficit''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/budget%20deficit/|title=budget deficit|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> ann; nuair is mó an t-ioncam ná an caiteachas, bíonn '''barrachas buiséid'''<ref>Béarla: ''budget surplus''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/budget%20surplus/|title=budget surplus|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie, IATE)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> ann.<ref name="enGB" /> Chun easnamh a mhaoiniú, is gnách go bhfaigheann an rialtas airgead ar iasacht ón earnáil phríobháideach, ó rialtais eile nó ó institiúidí idirnáisiúnta, agus is mar sin a fhásann an '''fiachas náisiúnta'''.<ref>Béarla: ''national debt''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/national%20debt/|title=national debt|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="enGB" /> Dar le ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', tugtar '''Riachtanas Iasachta an Státchiste'''<ref>Béarla: ''Exchequer Borrowing Requirement''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/Exchequer%20borrowing%20requirement/|title=Exchequer borrowing requirement|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> ar an méid airgid a chaithfidh rialtas na hÉireann a fháil ar iasacht in aon bhliain amháin.<ref name="Ciste26">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=26}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=207}}</ref> Is féidir boilsciú a chothú freisin má fhaigheann an rialtas airgead ar iasacht ón mbanc ceannais chun easnamh sa bhuiséad a mhaoiniú, mar go méadaítear soláthar an airgid i measc an phobail gan aon mhéadú ar líon na n-earraí sna siopaí.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=17}}</ref> == Cineálacha buiséid == Tá modhanna éagsúla ann chun buiséad a ullmhú agus a leagan amach.<ref name="enGB" /> * Sa '''bhuiséad traidisiúnta''', roinntear an caiteachas ina liosta míreanna ar a gcaithfidh an rialtas airgead. Forbraíodh an modh sin sna 1920idí chun cosc a chur ar an éilliú.<ref name="enGB" /> Dar le ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', ba é an locht a bhí air in Éirinn go mbíodh míreanna a bhain le cuspóir amháin scaipthe ar fud Leabhar na Meastachán – tuarastail in áit amháin, taisteal in áit eile agus tógáil foirgneamh in áit eile fós. Mar sin, ba dheacair a fheiceáil cad a bhí á dhéanamh ag an rialtas faoi mhórcheisteanna, ar nós na dífhostaíochta i measc na hóige. Chun an fhadhb sin a réiteach, leagadh amach na meastacháin chaiteachais de réir clár oibre.<ref name="Ciste25" /> Tugtar '''clárbhuiséad''' ar bhuiséad den chineál sin.<ref>Béarla: ''programme budget''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/programme%20budgeting/|title=programme budget|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> * Le '''buiséid ilbhliantúla''', déantar iarracht an t-ioncam agus an caiteachas a réamh-mheas roinnt blianta roimh ré, trí bliana de ghnáth. Dar le ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', bíonn sé an-deacair buiséid den sórt sin a ullmhú go sásúil nuair a bhíonn an geilleagar luaineach agus éiginnte.<ref name="Ciste26" /> * Sa '''bhuiséadú ar bhonn nialasach'''<ref>Béarla: ''zero-based budgeting''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/zero-based%20budgeting/|title=zero-based budgeting|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref>, ní mór údar a thabhairt le gach costas agus é a cheadú as an nua i ngach tréimhse bhuiséid, seachas glacadh le buiséad na bliana roimhe mar bhonn. D'fhorbair Peter Pyhrr an modh sin sna 1970idí.<ref name="enZBB">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zero-based budgeting|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-based_budgeting|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> * Más mian leis an Aire Airgeadais athruithe airgeadais a dhéanamh i rith na bliana – breis cánach a ghearradh ar pheitreal, mar shampla – is féidir leis '''mionbhuiséad'''<ref name="tearmaMini" /> a chur os comhair na Dála. Dar le ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', is "ceartú meánchúrsa" é sin, mar a déarfaí i gcúrsaí spásaireachta.<ref name="Ciste26" /> * Sa phróiseas ar a dtugtar ''participatory budgeting'' sa Bhéarla,<ref>Níor aimsíodh téarma Gaeilge sna bunachair téarmaíochta. Próiseas daonlathach is ea é ina socraíonn gnáthshaoránaigh, trí thionóil phobail agus trí vótáil, conas a chaithfear cuid de bhuiséad bardais nó comhlachta phoiblí.</ref> socraíonn muintir na háite conas a chaithfear cuid de bhuiséad na comhairle áitiúla. Cuireadh an chéad phróiseas iomlán den chineál sin i bhfeidhm i gcathair [[Porto Alegre]] sa [[An Bhrasaíl|Bhrasaíl]] in 1989. Faoin mbliain 2024, bhí breis is 11,500 próiseas den sórt sin ar bun i mbardais ar fud an domhain.<ref name="enPB">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Participatory budgeting|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_budgeting|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == An buiséad i dtíortha eile == === An Ríocht Aontaithe === Sa [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Ríocht Aontaithe]], is é Seansailéir an Státchiste a thugann an buiséad bliantúil. Cuireann sé faoi bhráid na Comh-aireachta é ar maidin Lá an Bhuiséid, agus ina dhiaidh sin tugann sé óráid i dTeach na dTeachtaí. Ní féidir leis an gComh-aireacht ach mionathruithe a dhéanamh air ag an tráth sin, agus deirtear gurb í an rúndacht is cúis leis sin. Is ina dhiaidh sin a thugtar an Bille Airgeadais isteach sa Pharlaimint, agus is gnách go ritear é mar Acht Airgeadais i mí Iúil.<ref name="enBudgetDay" /> Tá nós mhála an bhuiséid le fáil i dtíortha eile freisin. San Ísiltír, mar shampla, tugann an t-aire airgeadais an buiséad chuig an bparlaimint i mála cáipéisí ar ''Prinsjesdag'', an tríú Máirt de Mheán Fómhair. Is é Piet Lieftinck a thug an nós sin isteach in 1947, ag déanamh aithrise ar nós na Breataine.<ref name="enBudgetDay" /> Ar an 23 Meán Fómhair 2022, d'fhógair an Seansailéir [[Kwasi Kwarteng]] na ciorruithe cánach ba mhó le caoga bliain, i ráiteas ar a dtug na meáin "mionbhuiséad", cé nach ráiteas buiséid oifigiúil a bhí ann. Ós rud é go mbeadh ar an rialtas tuilleadh airgid a fháil ar iasacht chun íoc as na ciorruithe, thit luach an [[Punt steirling|phuint steirling]] go tobann. Ar an 14 Deireadh Fómhair, b'éigean do Kwarteng éirí as, agus chuir a chomharba, Jeremy Hunt, formhór na gciorruithe cánach ar ceal. D'éirigh [[Liz Truss]] as oifig mar Phríomh-Aire go gairid ina dhiaidh sin.<ref name="enMini">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=September 2022 United Kingdom mini-budget|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2022_United_Kingdom_mini-budget|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{Príomhalt|Géarchéim fhioscach na Ríochta Aontaithe, 2022}} [[Íomhá:MAGA VICTORY - The United States Senate PASSES President Trump's One Big Beautiful Bill.jpg|mion|275x275px|2025: [[One Big Beautiful Bill Act|One big beautiful bill Act]]]] === Na Stáit Aontaithe === Sna Stáit Aontaithe, tosaíonn bliain fhioscach<ref>Béarla: ''fiscal year''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/fiscal%20year/|title=fiscal year|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> an rialtais cónaidhme ar an 1 Deireadh Fómhair agus críochnaíonn sí ar an 30 Meán Fómhair. Cuireann [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe|an tUachtarán]] iarratas buiséid faoi bhráid na Comhdhála gach bliain, i mí Feabhra de ghnáth, ach is í an Chomhdháil a ritheann na billí leithreasa<ref>Béarla: ''appropriations bills''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/appropriation%20bill/|title=appropriation bill|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> a chuireann airgead ar fáil do ranna agus do chláir an rialtais.<ref name="enUS">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=United States federal budget|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_budget|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Sa bhliain fhioscach 2025, bhí easnamh $1,775 billiún ar an m[[One Big Beautiful Bill Act|buiséad]], nó 5.8 faoin gcéad den [[Olltáirgeacht intíre|olltáirgeacht intíre]].<ref name="enUS" /> {{Príomhalt|One Big Beautiful Bill Act}} Mura ritear na billí leithreasa in am, dúntar cuid mhór de sheirbhísí an rialtais cónaidhme, agus cuirtear oibrithe neamhriachtanacha abhaile gan phá – ''government shutdown'' a thugtar air sin.<ref>Níor aimsíodh téarma Gaeilge sna bunachair téarmaíochta; ''lapse in appropriations'' an téarma oifigiúil Béarla. Is é atá i gceist ná dúnadh páirteach ar sheirbhísí an rialtais cónaidhme nuair nach mbíonn na dlíthe leithreasa achtaithe in am.</ref> Is ó 1980 i leith a tharlaíonn sé sin. Mhair an dúnadh ab fhaide riamh trí lá is daichead, ón 1 Deireadh Fómhair go dtí an 12 Samhain 2025, le linn an dara téarma a bhí ag [[Donald Trump]] mar Uachtarán.<ref name="enShutdown">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Government shutdowns in the United States|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_shutdowns_in_the_United_States|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> === An tAontas Eorpach === Tá buiséad bliantúil ag an [[An tAontas Eorpach|Aontas Eorpach]] freisin, chun cláir an Aontais a mhaoiniú, ar nós an [[Clár Erasmus|Chláir Erasmus]], agus chun tacú le talmhaíocht agus le forbairt réigiúnach. Is ionann an buiséad sin agus thart ar 2 faoin gcéad de chaiteachas poiblí iomlán an Aontais. Leagtar síos uasteorainneacha an chaiteachais bhliantúil sa '''Chreat Airgeadais Ilbhliantúil'''<ref>Béarla: ''Multiannual Financial Framework''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/multiannual%20financial%20framework/|title=multiannual financial framework|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie, IATE)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref>, plean seacht mbliana; ba é €1,074.3 billiún an t-iomlán don tréimhse 2021–2027.<ref name="enEU">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Budget of the European Union|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Multiannual Financial Framework|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiannual_Financial_Framework|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> De réir ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'' (1992), bhí cumhacht ag [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] buiséad bliantúil an Chomhphobail a leasú, agus ba í an Pharlaimint féin a ghlac leis an mbuiséad ar deireadh.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=58–59}}</ref> {{Príomhalt|Conarthaí buiséid na gComhphobal Eorpach}} Faoin '''gComhshocrú Cobhsaíochta agus Fáis'''<ref>Béarla: ''Stability and Growth Pact''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/Stability%20and%20Growth%20Pact/|title=Stability and Growth Pact|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie, IATE)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref>, ní mór do bhallstáit an Aontais fanacht laistigh de dhá theorainn: easnamh rialtais nach mó ná 3 faoin gcéad den olltáirgeacht intíre, agus fiachas náisiúnta nach mó ná 60 faoin gcéad di.<ref name="enSGP">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Stability and Growth Pact|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stability_and_Growth_Pact|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ní mór do bhallstáit [[Limistéar an euro|limistéar an euro]] dréachtphlean buiséadach<ref>Béarla: ''draft budgetary plan''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/draft%20budgetary%20plan/|title=draft budgetary plan|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie, IATE)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> a chur faoi bhráid an [[An Coimisiún Eorpach|Choimisiúin Eorpaigh]] freisin, agus déanann an Coimisiún measúnú air sula bpléann an pharlaimint náisiúnta an buiséad.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=European Semester|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Semester|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref>[[Íomhá:Ernest Blythe portrait.jpg|mion|220px|[[Earnán de Blaghd]], Aire Airgeadais [[Saorstát Éireann|Shaorstát Éireann]] ó 1923 go 1932. Bhí sé meáite ar bhuiséad comhardaithe a choinneáil, agus laghdaigh sé an pinsean seanaoise in 1924.]] == An buiséad in Éirinn == === Bunús bunreachtúil === Faoi Airteagal 28.4.4° de [[Bunreacht na hÉireann|Bhunreacht na hÉireann]], ní foláir don Rialtas Meastacháin ar Fháltas an Stáit agus Meastacháin ar Chaitheamh Airgid an Stáit a ullmhú i gcomhair gach bliana airgeadais, agus iad a chur os comhair Dháil Éireann. Faoi Airteagal 17, ní mór don Dáil na meastacháin sin a bhreithniú chomh luath agus is féidir, agus ní mór an reachtaíocht a thugann feidhm dlí do Rúin Airgeadais na bliana a achtú an bhliain sin féin. Ní dleathach don Dáil vóta ná rún a rith, ná dlí a achtú, chun airgead poiblí a leithghabháil, mura molann an Rialtas críoch na leithghabhála di i dteachtaireacht faoi láimh an [[Taoiseach|Taoisigh]].<ref name="Bunreacht" /> Is i nDáil Éireann amháin is féidir Billí Airgid a thionscnamh – is é sin, billí nach mbíonn iontu ach forálacha faoi chánachas, faoi airgead poiblí, faoi iasachtaí stáit agus faoi nithe gaolmhara. Níl de chumhacht ag [[Seanad Éireann]] ach moltaí a dhéanamh fúthu, laistigh de lá agus fiche.<ref name="Bunreacht" /> Faoi Airteagal 33, rialaíonn an tArd-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste gach caitheamh airgid thar ceann an Stáit, agus déanann sé iniúchadh ar na cuntais.<ref name="Bunreacht" /> === Próiseas an bhuiséid === Nuair a foilsíodh ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'' sa bhliain 1992, thosaíodh próiseas an bhuiséid san fhómhar. D'ullmhaíodh gach roinn stáit meastacháin chaiteachais don bhliain dár gcionn, agus choinníodh [[An Roinn Airgeadais|an Roinn Airgeadais]] súil ghéar ar an obair. In óráid an bhuiséid, dhéanadh an tAire Airgeadais athbhreithniú ar staid an gheilleagair náisiúnta, mhíníodh sé cad a dhéanfadh an rialtas sa bhliain a bhí roimhe amach, agus d'fhógraíodh sé na cánacha a ghearrfaí agus na hiasachtaí a lorgófaí chun íoc as an gcaiteachas.<ref name="Ciste24" /><ref name="Ciste25" /> Inniu, is próiseas é a mhaireann an bhliain ar fad. San earrach, seolann an Rialtas Tuarascáil Bhliantúil ar Dhul Chun Cinn chuig an gCoimisiún Eorpach. I mí an Mheithimh, reáchtáiltear an tIdirphlé Náisiúnta Eacnamaíoch, ina mbíonn airí, comhaltaí den Oireachtas, ionadaithe ó ghnólachtaí agus ó fhostaithe, agus grúpaí sóisialta, deonacha agus comhshaoil i láthair. I mí Iúil, foilsítear Ráiteas Eacnamaíoch an tSamhraidh, ina leagtar amach staid an gheilleagair agus an airgeadais phoiblí, agus straitéis an Rialtais don Bhuiséad. Ar an deireadh seachtaine roimh an mBuiséad, foilsíonn an Roinn Airgeadais an Páipéar Bán ar Fháltais agus Caiteachas.<ref name="Achomair" /> Ar Lá an Bhuiséid, cuireann an tAire Airgeadais agus an tAire Caiteachais Phoiblí na Ráitis Bhuiséid faoi bhráid na Dála. Vótálann an Dáil an oíche sin ar na Rúin Airgeadais, is é sin, na hathruithe ar chánacha a mbeidh éifeacht láithreach leo, ar nós athruithe ar dhleachtanna máil ar alcól, ar thobac agus ar pheitreal.<ref name="Achomair" /><ref name="enBudgetDay" /> Ina dhiaidh sin, achtaítear an Bille Leasa Shóisialaigh agus Pinsean, a dhéanann na hathruithe ar an gcód leasa shóisialaigh, agus an Bille Airgeadais, a chuireann na bearta cánach i bhfeidhm de réir dlí. Ní mór an Bille Airgeadais a achtú laistigh de cheithre mhí ó ritheadh na Rúin Airgeadais. I mí na Nollag, foilsíonn an Roinn Caiteachais Phoiblí Méid na Meastachán Athbhreithnithe, ina dtugtar sonraí iomlána faoin gcaiteachas i ngach roinn agus gníomhaireacht.<ref name="Achomair" /> Déanann [[Comhairle Chomhairleach Bhuiséadach na hÉireann]] measúnú neamhspleách ar réamhaisnéisí eacnamaíochta agus buiséid an Rialtais, agus seiceálann sí an bhfuiltear ag cloí leis na rialacha buiséadacha. Bunaíodh í go sealadach i mí Iúil 2011, tar éis na géarchéime airgeadais, agus ar bhonn reachtúil faoin Acht um Fhreagracht Bhuiséadach, 2012.<ref name="enIFAC">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Irish Fiscal Advisory Council|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Fiscal_Advisory_Council|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/act/2012/39/gle/enacted/a3912i.pdf|title=An tAcht um Fhreagracht Bhuiséadach, 2012|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> === Stair an bhuiséid in Éirinn === Ba é [[Liam Tomás Mac Cosgair|Liam T. Mac Cosgair]], a bhí i gceannas ar an rialtas agus ina Aire Airgeadais ag an am, a chuir an chéad bhuiséad de chuid [[Saorstát Éireann|Shaorstát Éireann]] faoi bhráid na Dála in 1923. Ní raibh an Saorstát á riaradh mar aonad fioscach ar leith roimhe sin, agus ní raibh sonraí cruinne ar fáil chun an t-ioncam a mheas.<ref name="Dail1924">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1924-04-25/33/|title=Financial Statement|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=1924-04-25|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ar an 25 Aibreán 1924, thug [[Earnán de Blaghd]], an tAire Airgeadais nua, cuntas don Dáil ar an mbliain airgeadais a chríochnaigh ar an 31 Márta: bhí fiachas an Stáit tar éis méadú ó £2.5 milliún go £13.9 milliún le linn na bliana sin.<ref name="Dail1924" /> Bhí an Blaghdach meáite ar bhuiséad comhardaithe a choinneáil, cé gur chuir [[Cogadh Cathartha na hÉireann|an Cogadh Cathartha]] brú mór ar an airgeadas poiblí, agus cáineadh go mór é nuair a laghdaigh sé an pinsean seanaoise ó dheich scilling go naoi scilling sa tseachtain sa bhliain 1924.<ref name="enBlythe">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ernest Blythe|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Blythe|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ar dtús, ba ó Aibreán go Márta a bhí bliain airgeadais an Stáit.<ref name="Dail1924" /> Ní raibh i mbuiséad na bliana 1974 ach naoi mí, a chríochnaigh ar an 31 Nollaig 1974. Ar an 15 Eanáir 1975, d'fhógair an tAire Airgeadais, [[Richie Ryan]], gurbh í sin an chéad bhliain i stair an Stáit ina mbeadh na buiséid reatha agus chaipitiúla bunaithe ar an mbliain féilire iomlán.<ref name="Dail1975">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1975-01-15/17/|title=Financial Statement. Budget, 1975|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=1975-01-15|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ar feadh na mblianta ina dhiaidh sin, ba i mí Eanáir a thugtaí an buiséad – "ag tús gach bliana", mar a deir ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha''.<ref name="Ciste24" /> Ar an 27 Eanáir 1982, chuir [[John Bruton]], an tAire Airgeadais i gcomhrialtas [[Garret Fitzgerald|Garret FitzGerald]], buiséad os comhair na Dála ina raibh moladh cáin bhreisluacha 18 faoin gcéad a ghearradh ar éadaí agus ar choisbheart, éadaí agus coisbheart leanaí san áireamh.<ref name="Dail1982">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1982-01-27/22/|title=Financial Statement, Budget, 1982|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=1982-01-27|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> An oíche chéanna, chaill an rialtas an vóta ar na Rúin Airgeadais, 81 vóta in aghaidh 82, nuair a vótáil Jim Kemmy, Teachta Dála neamhspleách, in aghaidh an rialtais. D'fhógair FitzGerald, an Taoiseach, láithreach go rachadh sé go [[Áras an Uachtaráin|hÁras an Uachtaráin]] chun lánscor na Dála a iarraidh.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/vote/dail/22/1982-01-27/1/|title=Financial Resolutions, 1982: Financial Resolution No. 1|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=1982-01-27|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Tionóladh olltoghchán ar an 18 Feabhra 1982.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=February 1982 Irish general election|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_1982_Irish_general_election|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ar an 3 Nollaig 1997, thug [[Charles McCreevy|Charlie McCreevy]] a chéad bhuiséad mar Aire Airgeadais. Dúirt sé sa Dáil gurbh é sin an chéad uair a tugadh an buiséad isteach roimh thús na bliana lena mbaineann sé, agus go raibh Éire ag teacht leis an gcleachtas a bhí ag formhór a comhpháirtithe san Aontas Eorpach dá réir.<ref name="Dail1997">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1997-12-03/24/|title=Financial Statement, Budget 1998|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=1997-12-03|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ba i mí na Nollag a thugtaí an buiséad as sin go dtí 2012, ach amháin sa bhliain 2008, nuair a tugadh Buiséad 2009 isteach ar an 14 Deireadh Fómhair, níos luaithe ná mar ba ghnách, de bharr na [[Géarchéim bhaincéireachta na hÉireann, 2008|géarchéime baincéireachta]].<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2008-10-14/6/|title=Budget Statement 2009|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=2008-10-14|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="en2009em">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=2009 Irish emergency budget|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Irish_emergency_budget|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2012-12-05/13/|title=Budget Statement 2013|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=2012-12-05|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ar an 7 Aibreán 2009, chuir [[Brian Seosamh Ó Luineacháin|Brian Ó Luineacháin]] an dara buiséad laistigh de shé mhí os comhair na Dála, le hardú ar chánacha agus ciorruithe ar an gcaiteachas poiblí.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-04-07/7/|title=Supplementary Budget Statement 2009|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=2009-04-07|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="en2009em" /> I mí Iúil 2011, bunaíodh an Roinn Caiteachais Phoiblí agus Athchóirithe, agus aistríodh chuici cuid mhór d'fheidhmeanna na Roinne Airgeadais. Ba é [[Brendan Howlin]] an chéad aire.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Department of Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Public_Expenditure,_Infrastructure,_Public_Service_Reform_and_Digitalisation|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Department of Finance (Ireland)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Ireland)|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ó shin i leith, cuireann beirt airí an buiséad i láthair: déileálann an tAire Airgeadais leis na cánacha, agus an tAire Caiteachais Phoiblí leis an gcaiteachas.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=2014 Irish budget|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Irish_budget|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Is é [[An Roinn Caiteachais Phoiblí, Seachadta ar an bPlean Forbartha Náisiúnta, agus Athchóirithe|an Roinn Caiteachais Phoiblí, Bonneagair, Athchóiriúcháin Seirbhíse Poiblí agus Digitiúcháin]] an t-ainm atá ar an roinn sin anois.<ref name="Achomair" /> Ar an 15 Deireadh Fómhair 2013, cuireadh Buiséad 2014 os comhair na Dála. Dúirt Brendan Howlin gur bogadh an buiséad go Deireadh Fómhair de réir na socruithe Eorpacha nua, agus go gcuirfeadh sé sin ar chumas choistí an Oireachtais an caiteachas poiblí a scrúdú sula gcaithfí an t-airgead.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2013-10-15/3/|title=Budget Statement 2014|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=2013-10-15|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Faoin dara pacáiste rialachais eacnamaíoch de chuid an Aontais Eorpaigh<ref>Béarla: ''Two-Pack''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/two-pack/|title=two-pack|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie, IATE)|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref>, ní mór óráid an bhuiséid a thabhairt roimh an 15 Deireadh Fómhair.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Minister for Finance (Ireland)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_for_Finance_(Ireland)|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ar an 6 Deireadh Fómhair 2026, chuir [[Simon Harris]], an Tánaiste agus an tAire Airgeadais, agus [[Jack Chambers]], an tAire Caiteachais Phoiblí, Bonneagair, Athchóiriúcháin Seirbhíse Poiblí agus Digitiúcháin, Buiséad 2027 os comhair na Dála.<ref name="Dail2026" /> Bhí €6.0 billiún de chaiteachas reatha breise, €1.1 billiún de chaiteachas caipitiúil breise agus €1.6 billiún de bhearta cánach sa phacáiste.<ref name="Achomair" /> Ardaíodh an buiséad sláinte go €29.1 billiún, agus níor ardaíodh [[Cáin charbóin|an cháin charbóin]] mar a bhí beartaithe, mar gheall ar bhrú an chostais maireachtála.<ref name="en2027">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=2027 Irish budget|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2027_Irish_budget|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="Achomair" /> Cháin Comhairle Chomhairleach Bhuiséadach na hÉireann an buiséad, á rá go gcuirfeadh sé an t-airgeadas poiblí ar chonair níos measa, agus go mbeadh an Stát níos mó i dtuilleamaí na cánach corparáide, ioncam atá luaineach.<ref name="en2027" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Comhairle Chomhairleach Bhuiséadach na hÉireann]] * [[Eacnamaíocht Keyneseach]] * [[An Oifig Buiséid Pharlaiminteach]] * [[An Coiste um Chuntais Phoiblí]] * [[Cáin]] * [[Conradh maidir le Comhshocrú Fioscach]] * [[One Big Beautiful Bill Act]] de chuid Donald Trump, 2025 == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buiséad (rialtais)}} [[Catagóir:Beartas fioscach]] [[Catagóir:Airgeadas poiblí na hÉireann]] r4w5415ix0r0sgtpfzofw7rmxdty95x 2 128673 1330570 2026-10-24T22:25:05Z Dontcallmealekk 78252 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376565199|Burzum]]" 1330570 wikitext text/x-wiki Is tionscadal ceoil Ioruach é '''Burzum''' (/ˈbɜːrzəm/; Ioruais: [ˈbʉ̀rtsʉm]) a bhunaigh Kristian "Varg" Vikernes sa bhliain 1991. Cé nár sheinn Burzum riamh beo, ba bhall lárnach de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é agus meastar gurb é ceann de na gníomhartha is mó tionchar i stair an mhiotail dhuibh agus a easghluaiseacht Miotail Dhuibh Náisiúnta Shóisialaigh (MDNS). Ciallaíonn an focal "burzum" "dorchadas" sa Black Speech, teanga fhicseanúil a chum scríbhneoir The Lord of the Rings J. R. R. Tolkien. Is minic a spreagann fantaisíocht agus miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach liricí agus íomhánna Burzum. Is ceol spreagúil é Ioruach é Burzum. Bhunaigh Kristian "Varg" Vikernes Burzum sa bhliain 1991, agus cé nár thug Burzum aon léirithe beo riamh, ba bhall lárnach de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é agus meastar go raibh tionchar mór aige ar stair an Mhiotail Dhuibh agus a easghluaiseacht de Mhiotal Dubh Náisiúnta-Shóisialach (MDNS). Aistrítear an focal "Burzum" mar "Dorchadas" i "Black Speech," teanga a chum scríbhneoir "The Lord of The Rings" J. R. R. Tolkien. De ghnáth, spreagann fantaisíocht agus miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach liricí agus íomhánna Burzum. Chuir Vikernes tús leis an tionscadal Burzum sa bhliain 1991. Taifeadadh na chéad cheithre albam de chuid Burzum idir Eanáir 1992 agus Márta 1993. Cuireadh Vikernes i bpríosún as dúnmharú Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth - iar-ghiotáraí an bhanna Mayhem - agus as trí eaglais a dhó. Fad is a bhí sé sa phríosún, thaifead Varg dhá albam sa stíl 'dark ambient', ag baint úsáide as sintéiseoirí amháin, ós rud é nach raibh sé in ann teacht ar dhrumaí, ar ghiotár ná ar ghiotár dord. Saoirseadh Vikernes ón bpríosún sa bhliain 2009, agus tá sé ag taifeadadh agus ag eisiúint albam go dtí an lá atá inniu ann. Chuir Vikernes deireadh le "Burzum" sa bhliain 2020, sular fhógair sé albam eile sa bhliain 2024 - rud a tháinig aniar aduaidh ar dhaoine. == Stair == === Blianta tosaigh (1988–1992) === [[Íomhá:Burzumlogodemoii.png|clé|mion| Níor úsáideadh lógó bunaidh Burzum ach amháin i 1991]] Thosaigh Varg Vikernes ag déanamh ceoil sa bhliain 1988 leis an mbanna Kalashnikov. An bhliain dár gcionn, athraíodh an t-ainm go Uruk-Hai, i ndiaidh na gcréatúr ó ''[[Tiarna na bhFáinní]]'' le [[J. R. R. Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] . <ref name="Kuusela 2015">{{Cite book-en|author=Kuusela|first=Tommy|url=https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:874533/FULLTEXT01.pdf|title=Lembas Extra: Unexplored Aspects of Tolkien and Arda: Edition 2015|date=2015|publisher=Productie Boekscout|isbn=978-94-022-1557-1|location=Netherlands|pages=89–119}}</ref> I 1990 agus 1991, sheinn Vikernes giotár don bhanna miotail báis Old Funeral, a raibh baill ann freisin a bhunódh an banna Immortal níos déanaí. Tá sé le feiceáil ar an [[Ceirnín leathfhada|EP]] Old Funeral '', Devoured Carcass'' . D’fhág Vikernes Old Funeral sa bhliain 1991 chun díriú ar a fhíseanna ceoil féin a chruthú. Bhí tionscadal gearrthéarmach aige ar a dtugtar Satanel, mar aon le Abbath Doom Occulta . Ansin chuir sé tús le tionscadal aonair faoin ainm Burzum. Ciallaíonn an focal "burzum" "dorchadas" sa Black Speech, teanga a chum Tolkien. Go gairid i ndiaidh dó dhá théip taispeána a thaifeadadh, tháinig sé chun bheith ina chuid de radharc miotail dhuibh na hIorua. Leis na téipeanna taispeána aige, mheall sé aird ó Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth ó Mayhem, a bhunaigh Deathlike Silence Productions le déanaí. Shínigh Aarseth conradh le Burzum leis an lipéad ansin, agus go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, thosaigh Vikernes - faoin ainm cleite Count Grishnackh (ainm eile atá oiriúnaithe ó ''The Lord of the Rings'' ) - ag taifeadadh albam tosaigh Burzum, a raibh an t-ainm céanna air . De réir dhírbheathaisnéis Vikernes ar a shuíomh gréasáin, bhí sé i gceist aige an t-albam a thaifeadadh sa chaighdeán taifeadta is measa ab fhéidir (toisc gur trádmharc tipiciúil de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é seo), agus fós é a dhéanamh inghlactha. Scaoileadh an chéad albam comhainmneach de chuid Burzum sa bhliain 1992, an dara halbam a eisíodh ar Deathlike Silence Productions. Bhí cuma aoi ó Euronymous ar an amhrán "War" ón albam seo, ag seinm giotáir aonair "díreach le haghaidh spraoi", dar le Vikernes. === Príosúnacht (1993–2009) === [[File:BurzumLogo.png|deas|mion| Lógó Burzum a úsáideadh idir 1994 agus 2009]] I mí na Bealtaine 1994 eisíodh ''Hvis lyset tar oss'', albam nua d'ábhar a taifeadadh roimhe seo ó 1992. D’fhan Burzum mar thionscadal aonair go dtí 1994, nuair a gabhadh Vikernes as dúnmharú Euronymous agus as dó roinnt eaglaisí sa Iorua. Le linn a thréimhse sa phríosún, d’eisigh Vikernes a chéad albam eile, dar teideal ''Filosofem'', ar an 1 Eanáir 1996. Taifeadadh ''Filosofem'' i mí an Mhárta 1993, agus ba é an taifeadadh deireanach a rinne Vikernes roimh a phríosúnacht. Scaoileadh ''Burzum / Aske'', bailiúchán ina bhfuil albam ''Burzum'' agus ''Aske'' EP, sa bhliain 1995. Agus é i bpríosún, d’éirigh le Vikernes dhá albam eile a thaifeadadh i stíl dorcha comhthimpeallach . Scaoileadh iad mar ''Dauði Baldrs'' (1997) agus ''Hliðskjálf'' (1999). Cruthaíodh an dá albam seo le sintéiseoir, toisc go raibh cosc ar Vikernes aon ionstraimí eile a úsáid sa phríosún. Sa bhliain 1998, ath-eisíodh gach albam Burzum a eisíodh go dtí an pointe sin mar dhioscaí pictiúr vinile i mbosca speisialta ar a dtugtar ''1992–1997'' ; áfach, ní raibh "Rundtgåing av den transcendentale egenhetens støtte" ''i Filosofem'' mar gheall ar a fhad. Albam dúbailte ab ea an rialtas vinile de ''Filosofem'' ar Misanthropy, ina raibh rianta 1–3 ar thaobh A, na rianta "Decrepitude" ar thaobh 2 agus "Rundtgåing av den transcendentale egenhetens støtte" ar thaobh 3, le taobh D greanta. === Tar éis príosúnachta agus scoir (2009–2020) === [[File:Burzum2010.svg|deas|mion| Lógó Burzum a úsáideadh ar an albam ''Belus'' in 2010, suite sa chló Ruritania]] Go gairid i ndiaidh a scaoilte, thosaigh Vikernes ag scríobh rianta nua (naoi rian miotail agus réamhrá agus deireadh comhthimpeallach) d’albam Burzum atá le teacht. De réir athinsintí Vikernes, bhí suim ag roinnt comhlachtaí taifead a chéad albam a scaoileadh in aon bhliain déag. Dúirt sé faoin albam nua, "Ba mhaith liom mo chuid ama a thógáil, agus é a dhéanamh mar is mian liom é. Beidh sé ina cheol miotail, agus is féidir leis na lucht leanúna Burzum fíor a bheith ag súil leis." Bhí an teideal bunaidh le bheith ''Den hvite guden'' ( ''An Dia Bán'' ) ar an albam. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2009/07/04/magasinet/innenriks/kriminalomsorg/kirkebrann/drapsdom/7051663/|title="Greven" angrer ingenting – magasinet – dagbladet.no|date=4 July 2009|language=no|work=dagbladet.no|access-date=25 May 2013}}</ref> Tar éis tréimhse neamhghníomhaíochta, phostáil Vikernes físeán ar a chuntas YouTube i mí an Mheithimh 2018 ag fógairt go raibh "[sé] tar éis bogadh ar aghaidh [ó Burzum]", ag rá "slán" leis an tionscadal. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/varg_vikernes_has_ended_burzum_for_good_burzum_is_my_painful_past_in_a_reeking_bog.html|title=Varg Vikernes Has Ended Burzum for Good: 'Burzum Is My Painful Past in a Reeking Bog'|date=3 June 2018|publisher=[[Ultimate Guitar Archive]]|access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref> I mí Iúil 2018, phostáil úsáideoir YouTube darb ainm Hermann ábhair neamhfhoilsithe de Uruk-Hai ó 1988 go 1990 agus taifeadtaí príosún Bergen de chuid Burzum ó 1994, a fuair sé ó Tiziana Stupia. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.maniacsonline.com.au/news/fan-uploads-missing-uruk-hai-burzum-recordings-varg-vikernes-reacts-201016|title=Fan Uploads Missing 'Uruk-Hai' Burzum Recordings, Varg Vikernes Reacts|work=Maniacsonline.com.au|access-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308125440/https://www.maniacsonline.com.au/news/fan-uploads-missing-uruk-hai-burzum-recordings-varg-vikernes-reacts-201016|archive-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> == Stíl cheoil agus tionchair == Áirítear le ceol Burzum miotal dubh simplí chomh maith le ceol dorcha comhthimpeallach, ceol neofolk agus ceol neo-mheánaoiseach . Is minic a bhíonn sé íostach agus dorcha, le hathrá agus struchtúir shimplí amhrán. Is minic a spreagann fantaisíocht agus [[Miotaseolaíocht na Lochlannach|miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach]] liricí agus íomhánna Burzum, agus ní léiríonn siad go sainráite na tuairimí polaitiúla ar an eite dheis a bhfuil cáil ar Vikernes astu. <ref name="Helden">{{Cite book-en|author=Von Helden|first=Imke|title=Norwegian Native Art: Cultural Identity in Norwegian Metal Music|publisher=[[LIT Verlag]]|year=2017|pages=35, 179}}</ref> I n-agallamh in 2010, dúirt Vikernes: "Ní banna polaitiúil ná reiligiúnach é Burzum, ná fiú banna frith-reiligiúnach. Is ceol é Burzum; ealaín más maith leat, agus is i súil an fhéachadóra atá léirmhíniú na healaíne. B'fhéidir gur duine Lochlannach mé, heitrighnéasach agus go bhfuil idé-eolaíocht Págánach agam féin, ach cén fáth a mbeadh súil agam go mbeadh lucht leanúna mo cheoil díreach cosúil liomsa?". <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.stereogum.com/295222/haunting-the-chapel-no-8/franchises/haunting-the-chapel/|title=Haunting The Chapel No. 8|date=10 March 2010|work=[[Stereogum]]}}</ref> Tá Burzum ar liosta Daoine agus Eagraíochtaí Contúirteacha [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] . <ref name="meta dio">{{Cite web-en|url=https://loudwire.com/burzum-leaked-facebook-blacklist-dangerous-bands/|title=Burzum included on leaked Facebook blacklist of "Dangerous" bands|author=Hartmann|first=Graham|date=13 October 2021|work=[[Loudwire]]|access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref> I measc na n-ealaíontóirí neamh-mhiotail eile a luaigh sé mar thionchar tá [[The Cure]], Depeche Mode agus New Order . <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2011/03/15/varg-vikernes-burzum-interviewed/|title=Varg Vikernes (Burzum) interviewed|author=Dick|first=Chris|work=[[Decibel (magazine)|Decibel]]|access-date=14 May 2024}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2011, dúirt Vikernes nach raibh sé ag éisteacht le bannaí miotail dhuibh nua a thuilleadh agus gur éist sé leis an Cure den chuid is mó ina ionad. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://metalassault.com/Interviews/022311_Burzum.php|title=BURZUM: In-depth Interview With Varg Vikernes|work=metalassault.com|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Meastar go forleathan gurb é Burzum ceann de na gníomhartha is mó tionchar i stair an mhiotail dhuibh agus a chraobhóg den mhiotal dubh Náisiúnta Sóisialach (NSBM). I measc na mbannaí ceoil a luaigh Burzum mar thionchar tá Deafheaven, Liturgy, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/liturgy-hhh-interview-2015/|title=Hunter Hunt-Hendrix Envisions Liturgy's New Sound as "Burzum Meets Bone Thugs N Harmony"|author=Dick|first=Jonathan|date=16 February 2015|language=en|work=Vice|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Wolves in the Throne Room <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.seaoftranquility.org/article.php?sid=973|title=Interviews: Wolves In the Throne Room Show That US Black Metal is Alive and Well! - Sea of Tranquility - The Web Destination for Progressive Music!|work=www.seaoftranquility.org|access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref> agus Altar of Plagues . <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://yourlastrites.com/2010/04/20/altar-of-plagues-the-era-of-immense-change/|title=Altar Of Plagues – The Era Of Immense Change|date=20 April 2010|language=en-US|work=Last Rites|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Spreag an tionscadal ceoltóirí ó sheánraí eile chomh maith, ina measc Chelsea Wolfe, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2014/feb/12/weekly-interview-singersongwriter-chelsea-wolfe/|title=The Weekly interview: Singer/songwriter Chelsea Wolfe - Las Vegas Weekly|date=12 February 2014|work=lasvegasweekly.com|access-date=17 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131050310/https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2014/feb/12/weekly-interview-singersongwriter-chelsea-wolfe/|archive-date=31 January 2023}}</ref> Mount Eerie, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.thebeliever.net/phil-elverum-on-six-of-his-songs/|title=Phil Elverum on Six of His Songs|author=admin_bm|date=1 July 2009|language=en-US|work=Believer Magazine|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Thurston Moore, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.spin.com/2012/07/thurston-moore-playing-black-metal-supergroup-twilights-new-album/|title=Thurston Moore Playing on Black-Metal Supergroup Twilight's New Album|author=Grow|first=Kory|date=30 July 2012|work=Spin}}</ref> agus Vision Eternel . <ref name="TheNoiseBeneaththeSnowInterview">{{Cite web-en|url=https://noisebeneaththesnow.com/2020/11/24/an-interview-with-vision-eternel-ethereal-dark-ambient|title=An Interview with Vision Eternel (ethereal, dark ambient)|author=Zimmerman|first=William|date=24 November 2020|language=en-US|work=The Noise Beneath the Snow|access-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429194109/https://noisebeneaththesnow.com/2020/11/24/an-interview-with-vision-eternel-ethereal-dark-ambient|archive-date=29 April 2023}}</ref> == Dioscliosta == '''Príomheisiúintí''' * ''Burzum'' (1992) * ''Bhí sé ina fhear'' (1993) * ''Más líséad tar orainn'' (1994) * ''Filosofem'' (1996) * ''Dauði Baldrs'' (1997) * ''Hliðskjálf'' (1999) * ''Belus'' (2010) * ''Tite'' (2011) * ''Umskiptar'' (2012) * ''Sôl austan, Mâni vestan'' (2013) * ''Bealaí na Sean-Aimseartha'' (2014) * ''Rúndiamhra Thulêan'' (2020) <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://burzum.org/eng/discography/official/2020_thulean_mysteries.shtml|title=Burzum - Discography - Official Releases - "Thulêan Mysteries" 2020|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411171707/https://www.burzum.org/eng/discography/official/2020_thulean_mysteries.shtml|archive-date=11 April 2020}}</ref> * ''Tír Thulê'' (2024) '''EPanna''' * ''Aske'' (1993) '''Singil''' * "Breacadh an Lae Mhiotasaigh" (2015) * "Ríocht Dearmadta" (2015) * "Rúndiamhra Thulean" (2015) * "Ath-choinneáil Ódín" (2023) * "Draíocht na hUaighe" (2024) * "An tAinm Folaithe" (2024) * "Nádúr na nDéithe" (2024) * "Glaoch an Chrócaigh" (2024) * "Thar an nGeata" (2024) * "Gaotha na Ríochta Imithe" (2024) * "Cuimhní sa Cheo" (2024) * "Cad a Thiocfaidh" (2025) * "Tír na nEilf" (2025) * "Faoi an Bharraigh" (2025) * "An Cnoc Tine" (2025) * ''Taispeántas Burzum'' (1991) * ''Ath/Taispeántas 91'' (1991) * ''Burzum Promo'' (1992) * ''Téip Fhógraíochta (le Uruk-Hai)'' (1994) '''Físeáin cheoil''' * "Dunkelheit" (1996) '''Albaim thiomsaithe''' * ''Burzum / Aske'' (1995) * ''Díolaim Burzum'' (2002) (meallta) * ''Draugen – Rarities'' (2005) (buidéal ceoil, rian Ildjarn air trí dhearmad) * ''Díolaim Burzum'' (2008) * ''Ó Dhoimhneacht an Dorchadais'' (2011) * ''Foreldra'' (2019) * ''Thulê'' (2019) * ''Ábhar Neamhfhoilsithe 1988–1994'' (2021) {{Efn|On the cassette provided by Tiziana Stupia it was titled ''The Fighting Uruk-Hai / Wotans Verhängnis''.<ref name="auto"/>}} * ''Burzum 1992–1997'' (1998) * ''Burzum 1992–1999'' (2010) * ''XIII'' (2018) * ''I Lámha an Dorchadais'' (2019) * ''Toimhdeofar Ciontach'' (1998) (a chuir "Et hvitt lys over skogen") * Fuaimrian <nowiki><i id="mwAWg">Gummo</i></nowiki> (1998) (a chuir "Rundtgåing av den transcendental egenhetens støtte") * ''Cuireann Fenriz i láthair...'' ''An Chuid is Fearr de Mhiotal Dubh Sean-Nóis'' (2004) (cuir leis "Ea, Tiarna na nDoimhneachtaí") == Naisc sheachtracha == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Vicíshliocht|Burzum}} * [https://www.burzum.org/ Burzum.org] * [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000645956 Burzum ar AllMusic] * [https://www.discogs.com/artist/175037-Burzum?redirected=true Dioscliosta Burzum ar Discogs] {{Burzum}}{{Rialú údaráis}} <nowiki> [[Catagóir:Grúpaí ceoil bunaithe sa bhliain 1991]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol ó Bergen]] [[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí aonair]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotal dubh Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Timpeallachta Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Ioruach i mBéarla]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotail Lochlannach ón Iorua]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotal atmaisféarach dubh Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Leathanaigh le haistriúcháin neamh-mheasúnaithe]]</nowiki> ohoxe4dpljiyeetikb0ty8jot5p3rww 0 128674 1330571 2026-10-24T22:36:21Z Dontcallmealekk 78252 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376565199|Burzum]]" 1330571 wikitext text/x-wiki Is tionscadal ceoil Ioruach é '''Burzum''' (/ˈbɜːrzəm/; Ioruais: [ˈbʉ̀rtsʉm]) a bhunaigh Kristian "Varg" Vikernes sa bhliain 1991. Cé nár sheinn Burzum riamh beo, ba bhall lárnach de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é agus meastar gurb é ceann de na gníomhartha is mó tionchar i stair an mhiotail dhuibh agus a easghluaiseacht Miotail Dhuibh Náisiúnta Shóisialaigh (MDNS). Ciallaíonn an focal "burzum" "dorchadas" sa Black Speech, teanga fhicseanúil a chum scríbhneoir The Lord of the Rings J. R. R. Tolkien. Is minic a spreagann fantaisíocht agus miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach liricí agus íomhánna Burzum. Is ceol spreagúil é Ioruach é Burzum. Bhunaigh Kristian "Varg" Vikernes Burzum sa bhliain 1991, agus cé nár thug Burzum aon léirithe beo riamh, ba bhall lárnach de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é agus meastar go raibh tionchar mór aige ar stair an Mhiotail Dhuibh agus a easghluaiseacht de Mhiotal Dubh Náisiúnta-Shóisialach (MDNS). Aistrítear an focal "Burzum" mar "Dorchadas" i "Black Speech," teanga a chum scríbhneoir "The Lord of The Rings" J. R. R. Tolkien. De ghnáth, spreagann fantaisíocht agus miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach liricí agus íomhánna Burzum. Chuir Vikernes tús leis an tionscadal Burzum sa bhliain 1991. Taifeadadh na chéad cheithre albam de chuid Burzum idir Eanáir 1992 agus Márta 1993. Cuireadh Vikernes i bpríosún as dúnmharú Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth - iar-ghiotáraí an bhanna Mayhem - agus as trí eaglais a dhó. Fad is a bhí sé sa phríosún, thaifead Varg dhá albam sa stíl 'dark ambient', ag baint úsáide as sintéiseoirí amháin, ós rud é nach raibh sé in ann teacht ar dhrumaí, ar ghiotár ná ar ghiotár dord. Saoirseadh Vikernes ón bpríosún sa bhliain 2009, agus tá sé ag taifeadadh agus ag eisiúint albam go dtí an lá atá inniu ann. Chuir Vikernes deireadh le "Burzum" sa bhliain 2020, sular fhógair sé albam eile sa bhliain 2024 - rud a tháinig aniar aduaidh ar dhaoine. == Stair == === Blianta tosaigh (1988–1992) === [[Íomhá:Burzumlogodemoii.png|clé|mion| Níor úsáideadh lógó bunaidh Burzum ach amháin i 1991]] Thosaigh Varg Vikernes ag déanamh ceoil sa bhliain 1988 leis an mbanna Kalashnikov. An bhliain dár gcionn, athraíodh an t-ainm go Uruk-Hai, i ndiaidh na gcréatúr ó ''[[Tiarna na bhFáinní]]'' le [[J. R. R. Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] . <ref name="Kuusela 2015">{{Cite book-en|author=Kuusela|first=Tommy|url=https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:874533/FULLTEXT01.pdf|title=Lembas Extra: Unexplored Aspects of Tolkien and Arda: Edition 2015|date=2015|publisher=Productie Boekscout|isbn=978-94-022-1557-1|location=Netherlands|pages=89–119}}</ref> I 1990 agus 1991, sheinn Vikernes giotár don bhanna miotail báis Old Funeral, a raibh baill ann freisin a bhunódh an banna Immortal níos déanaí. Tá sé le feiceáil ar an [[Ceirnín leathfhada|EP]] Old Funeral '', Devoured Carcass'' . D’fhág Vikernes Old Funeral sa bhliain 1991 chun díriú ar a fhíseanna ceoil féin a chruthú. Bhí tionscadal gearrthéarmach aige ar a dtugtar Satanel, mar aon le Abbath Doom Occulta . Ansin chuir sé tús le tionscadal aonair faoin ainm Burzum. Ciallaíonn an focal "burzum" "dorchadas" sa Black Speech, teanga a chum Tolkien. Go gairid i ndiaidh dó dhá théip taispeána a thaifeadadh, tháinig sé chun bheith ina chuid de radharc miotail dhuibh na hIorua. Leis na téipeanna taispeána aige, mheall sé aird ó Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth ó Mayhem, a bhunaigh Deathlike Silence Productions le déanaí. Shínigh Aarseth conradh le Burzum leis an lipéad ansin, agus go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, thosaigh Vikernes - faoin ainm cleite Count Grishnackh (ainm eile atá oiriúnaithe ó ''The Lord of the Rings'' ) - ag taifeadadh albam tosaigh Burzum, a raibh an t-ainm céanna air . De réir dhírbheathaisnéis Vikernes ar a shuíomh gréasáin, bhí sé i gceist aige an t-albam a thaifeadadh sa chaighdeán taifeadta is measa ab fhéidir (toisc gur trádmharc tipiciúil de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é seo), agus fós é a dhéanamh inghlactha. Scaoileadh an chéad albam comhainmneach de chuid Burzum sa bhliain 1992, an dara halbam a eisíodh ar Deathlike Silence Productions. Bhí cuma aoi ó Euronymous ar an amhrán "War" ón albam seo, ag seinm giotáir aonair "díreach le haghaidh spraoi", dar le Vikernes. === Príosúnacht (1993–2009) === [[File:BurzumLogo.png|deas|mion| Lógó Burzum a úsáideadh idir 1994 agus 2009]] I mí na Bealtaine 1994 eisíodh ''Hvis lyset tar oss'', albam nua d'ábhar a taifeadadh roimhe seo ó 1992. D’fhan Burzum mar thionscadal aonair go dtí 1994, nuair a gabhadh Vikernes as dúnmharú Euronymous agus as dó roinnt eaglaisí sa Iorua. Le linn a thréimhse sa phríosún, d’eisigh Vikernes a chéad albam eile, dar teideal ''Filosofem'', ar an 1 Eanáir 1996. Taifeadadh ''Filosofem'' i mí an Mhárta 1993, agus ba é an taifeadadh deireanach a rinne Vikernes roimh a phríosúnacht. Scaoileadh ''Burzum / Aske'', bailiúchán ina bhfuil albam ''Burzum'' agus ''Aske'' EP, sa bhliain 1995. Agus é i bpríosún, d’éirigh le Vikernes dhá albam eile a thaifeadadh i stíl dorcha comhthimpeallach . Scaoileadh iad mar ''Dauði Baldrs'' (1997) agus ''Hliðskjálf'' (1999). Cruthaíodh an dá albam seo le sintéiseoir, toisc go raibh cosc ar Vikernes aon ionstraimí eile a úsáid sa phríosún. Sa bhliain 1998, ath-eisíodh gach albam Burzum a eisíodh go dtí an pointe sin mar dhioscaí pictiúr vinile i mbosca speisialta ar a dtugtar ''1992–1997'' ; áfach, ní raibh "Rundtgåing av den transcendentale egenhetens støtte" ''i Filosofem'' mar gheall ar a fhad. Albam dúbailte ab ea an rialtas vinile de ''Filosofem'' ar Misanthropy, ina raibh rianta 1–3 ar thaobh A, na rianta "Decrepitude" ar thaobh 2 agus "Rundtgåing av den transcendentale egenhetens støtte" ar thaobh 3, le taobh D greanta. === Tar éis príosúnachta agus scoir (2009–2020) === [[File:Burzum2010.svg|deas|mion| Lógó Burzum a úsáideadh ar an albam ''Belus'' in 2010, suite sa chló Ruritania]] Go gairid i ndiaidh a scaoilte, thosaigh Vikernes ag scríobh rianta nua (naoi rian miotail agus réamhrá agus deireadh comhthimpeallach) d’albam Burzum atá le teacht. De réir athinsintí Vikernes, bhí suim ag roinnt comhlachtaí taifead a chéad albam a scaoileadh in aon bhliain déag. Dúirt sé faoin albam nua, "Ba mhaith liom mo chuid ama a thógáil, agus é a dhéanamh mar is mian liom é. Beidh sé ina cheol miotail, agus is féidir leis na lucht leanúna Burzum fíor a bheith ag súil leis." Bhí an teideal bunaidh le bheith ''Den hvite guden'' ( ''An Dia Bán'' ) ar an albam. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2009/07/04/magasinet/innenriks/kriminalomsorg/kirkebrann/drapsdom/7051663/|title="Greven" angrer ingenting – magasinet – dagbladet.no|date=4 July 2009|language=no|work=dagbladet.no|access-date=25 May 2013}}</ref> Tar éis tréimhse neamhghníomhaíochta, phostáil Vikernes físeán ar a chuntas YouTube i mí an Mheithimh 2018 ag fógairt go raibh "[sé] tar éis bogadh ar aghaidh [ó Burzum]", ag rá "slán" leis an tionscadal. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/varg_vikernes_has_ended_burzum_for_good_burzum_is_my_painful_past_in_a_reeking_bog.html|title=Varg Vikernes Has Ended Burzum for Good: 'Burzum Is My Painful Past in a Reeking Bog'|date=3 June 2018|publisher=[[Ultimate Guitar Archive]]|access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref> I mí Iúil 2018, phostáil úsáideoir YouTube darb ainm Hermann ábhair neamhfhoilsithe de Uruk-Hai ó 1988 go 1990 agus taifeadtaí príosún Bergen de chuid Burzum ó 1994, a fuair sé ó Tiziana Stupia. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.maniacsonline.com.au/news/fan-uploads-missing-uruk-hai-burzum-recordings-varg-vikernes-reacts-201016|title=Fan Uploads Missing 'Uruk-Hai' Burzum Recordings, Varg Vikernes Reacts|work=Maniacsonline.com.au|access-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308125440/https://www.maniacsonline.com.au/news/fan-uploads-missing-uruk-hai-burzum-recordings-varg-vikernes-reacts-201016|archive-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> == Stíl cheoil agus tionchair == Áirítear le ceol Burzum miotal dubh simplí chomh maith le ceol dorcha comhthimpeallach, ceol neofolk agus ceol neo-mheánaoiseach . Is minic a bhíonn sé íostach agus dorcha, le hathrá agus struchtúir shimplí amhrán. Is minic a spreagann fantaisíocht agus [[Miotaseolaíocht na Lochlannach|miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach]] liricí agus íomhánna Burzum, agus ní léiríonn siad go sainráite na tuairimí polaitiúla ar an eite dheis a bhfuil cáil ar Vikernes astu. <ref name="Helden">{{Cite book-en|author=Von Helden|first=Imke|title=Norwegian Native Art: Cultural Identity in Norwegian Metal Music|publisher=[[LIT Verlag]]|year=2017|pages=35, 179}}</ref> I n-agallamh in 2010, dúirt Vikernes: "Ní banna polaitiúil ná reiligiúnach é Burzum, ná fiú banna frith-reiligiúnach. Is ceol é Burzum; ealaín más maith leat, agus is i súil an fhéachadóra atá léirmhíniú na healaíne. B'fhéidir gur duine Lochlannach mé, heitrighnéasach agus go bhfuil idé-eolaíocht Págánach agam féin, ach cén fáth a mbeadh súil agam go mbeadh lucht leanúna mo cheoil díreach cosúil liomsa?". <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.stereogum.com/295222/haunting-the-chapel-no-8/franchises/haunting-the-chapel/|title=Haunting The Chapel No. 8|date=10 March 2010|work=[[Stereogum]]}}</ref> Tá Burzum ar liosta Daoine agus Eagraíochtaí Contúirteacha [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] . <ref name="meta dio">{{Cite web-en|url=https://loudwire.com/burzum-leaked-facebook-blacklist-dangerous-bands/|title=Burzum included on leaked Facebook blacklist of "Dangerous" bands|author=Hartmann|first=Graham|date=13 October 2021|work=[[Loudwire]]|access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref> I measc na n-ealaíontóirí neamh-mhiotail eile a luaigh sé mar thionchar tá [[The Cure]], Depeche Mode agus New Order . <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2011/03/15/varg-vikernes-burzum-interviewed/|title=Varg Vikernes (Burzum) interviewed|author=Dick|first=Chris|work=[[Decibel (magazine)|Decibel]]|access-date=14 May 2024}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2011, dúirt Vikernes nach raibh sé ag éisteacht le bannaí miotail dhuibh nua a thuilleadh agus gur éist sé leis an Cure den chuid is mó ina ionad. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://metalassault.com/Interviews/022311_Burzum.php|title=BURZUM: In-depth Interview With Varg Vikernes|work=metalassault.com|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Meastar go forleathan gurb é Burzum ceann de na gníomhartha is mó tionchar i stair an mhiotail dhuibh agus a chraobhóg den mhiotal dubh Náisiúnta Sóisialach (NSBM). I measc na mbannaí ceoil a luaigh Burzum mar thionchar tá Deafheaven, Liturgy, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/liturgy-hhh-interview-2015/|title=Hunter Hunt-Hendrix Envisions Liturgy's New Sound as "Burzum Meets Bone Thugs N Harmony"|author=Dick|first=Jonathan|date=16 February 2015|language=en|work=Vice|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Wolves in the Throne Room <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.seaoftranquility.org/article.php?sid=973|title=Interviews: Wolves In the Throne Room Show That US Black Metal is Alive and Well! - Sea of Tranquility - The Web Destination for Progressive Music!|work=www.seaoftranquility.org|access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref> agus Altar of Plagues . <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://yourlastrites.com/2010/04/20/altar-of-plagues-the-era-of-immense-change/|title=Altar Of Plagues – The Era Of Immense Change|date=20 April 2010|language=en-US|work=Last Rites|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Spreag an tionscadal ceoltóirí ó sheánraí eile chomh maith, ina measc Chelsea Wolfe, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2014/feb/12/weekly-interview-singersongwriter-chelsea-wolfe/|title=The Weekly interview: Singer/songwriter Chelsea Wolfe - Las Vegas Weekly|date=12 February 2014|work=lasvegasweekly.com|access-date=17 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131050310/https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2014/feb/12/weekly-interview-singersongwriter-chelsea-wolfe/|archive-date=31 January 2023}}</ref> Mount Eerie, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.thebeliever.net/phil-elverum-on-six-of-his-songs/|title=Phil Elverum on Six of His Songs|author=admin_bm|date=1 July 2009|language=en-US|work=Believer Magazine|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Thurston Moore, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.spin.com/2012/07/thurston-moore-playing-black-metal-supergroup-twilights-new-album/|title=Thurston Moore Playing on Black-Metal Supergroup Twilight's New Album|author=Grow|first=Kory|date=30 July 2012|work=Spin}}</ref> agus Vision Eternel . <ref name="TheNoiseBeneaththeSnowInterview">{{Cite web-en|url=https://noisebeneaththesnow.com/2020/11/24/an-interview-with-vision-eternel-ethereal-dark-ambient|title=An Interview with Vision Eternel (ethereal, dark ambient)|author=Zimmerman|first=William|date=24 November 2020|language=en-US|work=The Noise Beneath the Snow|access-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429194109/https://noisebeneaththesnow.com/2020/11/24/an-interview-with-vision-eternel-ethereal-dark-ambient|archive-date=29 April 2023}}</ref> == Dioscliosta == '''Príomheisiúintí''' * ''Burzum'' (1992) * ''Bhí sé ina fhear'' (1993) * ''Más líséad tar orainn'' (1994) * ''Filosofem'' (1996) * ''Dauði Baldrs'' (1997) * ''Hliðskjálf'' (1999) * ''Belus'' (2010) * ''Tite'' (2011) * ''Umskiptar'' (2012) * ''Sôl austan, Mâni vestan'' (2013) * ''Bealaí na Sean-Aimseartha'' (2014) * ''Rúndiamhra Thulêan'' (2020) <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://burzum.org/eng/discography/official/2020_thulean_mysteries.shtml|title=Burzum - Discography - Official Releases - "Thulêan Mysteries" 2020|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411171707/https://www.burzum.org/eng/discography/official/2020_thulean_mysteries.shtml|archive-date=11 April 2020}}</ref> * ''Tír Thulê'' (2024) '''EPanna''' * ''Aske'' (1993) '''Singil''' * "Breacadh an Lae Mhiotasaigh" (2015) * "Ríocht Dearmadta" (2015) * "Rúndiamhra Thulean" (2015) * "Ath-choinneáil Ódín" (2023) * "Draíocht na hUaighe" (2024) * "An tAinm Folaithe" (2024) * "Nádúr na nDéithe" (2024) * "Glaoch an Chrócaigh" (2024) * "Thar an nGeata" (2024) * "Gaotha na Ríochta Imithe" (2024) * "Cuimhní sa Cheo" (2024) * "Cad a Thiocfaidh" (2025) * "Tír na nEilf" (2025) * "Faoi an Bharraigh" (2025) * "An Cnoc Tine" (2025) * ''Taispeántas Burzum'' (1991) * ''Ath/Taispeántas 91'' (1991) * ''Burzum Promo'' (1992) * ''Téip Fhógraíochta (le Uruk-Hai)'' (1994) '''Físeáin cheoil''' * "Dunkelheit" (1996) '''Albaim thiomsaithe''' * ''Burzum / Aske'' (1995) * ''Díolaim Burzum'' (2002) (meallta) * ''Draugen – Rarities'' (2005) (buidéal ceoil, rian Ildjarn air trí dhearmad) * ''Díolaim Burzum'' (2008) * ''Ó Dhoimhneacht an Dorchadais'' (2011) * ''Foreldra'' (2019) * ''Thulê'' (2019) * ''Ábhar Neamhfhoilsithe 1988–1994'' (2021) {{Efn|On the cassette provided by Tiziana Stupia it was titled ''The Fighting Uruk-Hai / Wotans Verhängnis''.<ref name="auto"/>}} '''Tacair boscaí''' * ''Burzum 1992–1997'' (1998) * ''Burzum 1992–1999'' (2010) * ''XIII'' (2018) * ''I Lámha an Dorchadais'' (2019) '''cuma eile''' * ''Toimhdeofar Ciontach'' (1998) (a chuir "Et hvitt lys over skogen") * Fuaimrian <nowiki><i id="mwAWg">Gummo</i></nowiki> (1998) (a chuir "Rundtgåing av den transcendental egenhetens støtte") * ''Cuireann Fenriz i láthair...'' ''An Chuid is Fearr de Mhiotal Dubh Sean-Nóis'' (2004) (cuir leis "Ea, Tiarna na nDoimhneachtaí") == Féach freisin == * Liosta ealaíontóirí ceoil chomhthimpeallach == Tagairtí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Vicíshliocht|Burzum}} * [https://www.burzum.org/ Burzum.org] * [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000645956 Burzum ar AllMusic] * [https://www.discogs.com/artist/175037-Burzum?redirected=true Dioscliosta Burzum ar Discogs] {{Burzum}}{{Rialú údaráis}} [[Catagóir:Grúpaí ceoil bunaithe sa bhliain 1991]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol ó Bergen]] [[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí aonair]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotal dubh Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Timpeallachta Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Ioruach i mBéarla]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotail Lochlannach ón Iorua]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotal atmaisféarach dubh Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Leathanaigh le haistriúcháin neamh-mheasúnaithe]] lfoc7x60y8btbdy0pefr8n0si8twm15 1330572 1330571 2026-10-24T22:38:58Z ~2026-56910-44 78254 /* */ 1330572 wikitext text/x-wiki Is tionscadal ceoil Ioruach é '''gayzum''' (/ˈbɜːrzəm/; Ioruais: [ˈbʉ̀rtsʉm]) a bhunaigh Kristian "Varg" Vikernes sa bhliain 1991. Cé nár sheinn Burzum riamh beo, ba bhall lárnach de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é agus meastar gurb é ceann de na gníomhartha is mó tionchar i stair an mhiotail dhuibh agus a easghluaiseacht Miotail Dhuibh Náisiúnta Shóisialaigh (MDNS). Ciallaíonn an focal "burzum" "dorchadas" sa Black Speech, teanga fhicseanúil a chum scríbhneoir The Lord of the Rings J. R. R. Tolkien. Is minic a spreagann fantaisíocht agus miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach liricí agus íomhánna Burzum. Is ceol spreagúil é Ioruach é Burzum. Bhunaigh Kristian "Varg" Vikernes Burzum sa bhliain 1991, agus cé nár thug Burzum aon léirithe beo riamh, ba bhall lárnach de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é agus meastar go raibh tionchar mór aige ar stair an Mhiotail Dhuibh agus a easghluaiseacht de Mhiotal Dubh Náisiúnta-Shóisialach (MDNS). Aistrítear an focal "Burzum" mar "Dorchadas" i "Black Speech," teanga a chum scríbhneoir "The Lord of The Rings" J. R. R. Tolkien. De ghnáth, spreagann fantaisíocht agus miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach liricí agus íomhánna Burzum. Chuir Vikernes tús leis an tionscadal Burzum sa bhliain 1991. Taifeadadh na chéad cheithre albam de chuid Burzum idir Eanáir 1992 agus Márta 1993. Cuireadh Vikernes i bpríosún as dúnmharú Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth - iar-ghiotáraí an bhanna Mayhem - agus as trí eaglais a dhó. Fad is a bhí sé sa phríosún, thaifead Varg dhá albam sa stíl 'dark ambient', ag baint úsáide as sintéiseoirí amháin, ós rud é nach raibh sé in ann teacht ar dhrumaí, ar ghiotár ná ar ghiotár dord. Saoirseadh Vikernes ón bpríosún sa bhliain 2009, agus tá sé ag taifeadadh agus ag eisiúint albam go dtí an lá atá inniu ann. Chuir Vikernes deireadh le "Burzum" sa bhliain 2020, sular fhógair sé albam eile sa bhliain 2024 - rud a tháinig aniar aduaidh ar dhaoine. == Stair == === Blianta tosaigh (1988–1992) === [[Íomhá:Burzumlogodemoii.png|clé|mion| Níor úsáideadh lógó bunaidh Burzum ach amháin i 1991]] Thosaigh Varg Vikernes ag déanamh ceoil sa bhliain 1988 leis an mbanna Kalashnikov. An bhliain dár gcionn, athraíodh an t-ainm go Uruk-Hai, i ndiaidh na gcréatúr ó ''[[Tiarna na bhFáinní]]'' le [[J. R. R. Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] . <ref name="Kuusela 2015">{{Cite book-en|author=Kuusela|first=Tommy|url=https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:874533/FULLTEXT01.pdf|title=Lembas Extra: Unexplored Aspects of Tolkien and Arda: Edition 2015|date=2015|publisher=Productie Boekscout|isbn=978-94-022-1557-1|location=Netherlands|pages=89–119}}</ref> I 1990 agus 1991, sheinn Vikernes giotár don bhanna miotail báis Old Funeral, a raibh baill ann freisin a bhunódh an banna Immortal níos déanaí. Tá sé le feiceáil ar an [[Ceirnín leathfhada|EP]] Old Funeral '', Devoured Carcass'' . D’fhág Vikernes Old Funeral sa bhliain 1991 chun díriú ar a fhíseanna ceoil féin a chruthú. Bhí tionscadal gearrthéarmach aige ar a dtugtar Satanel, mar aon le Abbath Doom Occulta . Ansin chuir sé tús le tionscadal aonair faoin ainm Burzum. Ciallaíonn an focal "burzum" "dorchadas" sa Black Speech, teanga a chum Tolkien. Go gairid i ndiaidh dó dhá théip taispeána a thaifeadadh, tháinig sé chun bheith ina chuid de radharc miotail dhuibh na hIorua. Leis na téipeanna taispeána aige, mheall sé aird ó Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth ó Mayhem, a bhunaigh Deathlike Silence Productions le déanaí. Shínigh Aarseth conradh le Burzum leis an lipéad ansin, agus go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, thosaigh Vikernes - faoin ainm cleite Count Grishnackh (ainm eile atá oiriúnaithe ó ''The Lord of the Rings'' ) - ag taifeadadh albam tosaigh Burzum, a raibh an t-ainm céanna air . De réir dhírbheathaisnéis Vikernes ar a shuíomh gréasáin, bhí sé i gceist aige an t-albam a thaifeadadh sa chaighdeán taifeadta is measa ab fhéidir (toisc gur trádmharc tipiciúil de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é seo), agus fós é a dhéanamh inghlactha. Scaoileadh an chéad albam comhainmneach de chuid Burzum sa bhliain 1992, an dara halbam a eisíodh ar Deathlike Silence Productions. Bhí cuma aoi ó Euronymous ar an amhrán "War" ón albam seo, ag seinm giotáir aonair "díreach le haghaidh spraoi", dar le Vikernes. === Príosúnacht (1993–2009) === [[File:BurzumLogo.png|deas|mion| Lógó Burzum a úsáideadh idir 1994 agus 2009]] I mí na Bealtaine 1994 eisíodh ''Hvis lyset tar oss'', albam nua d'ábhar a taifeadadh roimhe seo ó 1992. D’fhan Burzum mar thionscadal aonair go dtí 1994, nuair a gabhadh Vikernes as dúnmharú Euronymous agus as dó roinnt eaglaisí sa Iorua. Le linn a thréimhse sa phríosún, d’eisigh Vikernes a chéad albam eile, dar teideal ''Filosofem'', ar an 1 Eanáir 1996. Taifeadadh ''Filosofem'' i mí an Mhárta 1993, agus ba é an taifeadadh deireanach a rinne Vikernes roimh a phríosúnacht. Scaoileadh ''Burzum / Aske'', bailiúchán ina bhfuil albam ''Burzum'' agus ''Aske'' EP, sa bhliain 1995. Agus é i bpríosún, d’éirigh le Vikernes dhá albam eile a thaifeadadh i stíl dorcha comhthimpeallach . Scaoileadh iad mar ''Dauði Baldrs'' (1997) agus ''Hliðskjálf'' (1999). Cruthaíodh an dá albam seo le sintéiseoir, toisc go raibh cosc ar Vikernes aon ionstraimí eile a úsáid sa phríosún. Sa bhliain 1998, ath-eisíodh gach albam Burzum a eisíodh go dtí an pointe sin mar dhioscaí pictiúr vinile i mbosca speisialta ar a dtugtar ''1992–1997'' ; áfach, ní raibh "Rundtgåing av den transcendentale egenhetens støtte" ''i Filosofem'' mar gheall ar a fhad. Albam dúbailte ab ea an rialtas vinile de ''Filosofem'' ar Misanthropy, ina raibh rianta 1–3 ar thaobh A, na rianta "Decrepitude" ar thaobh 2 agus "Rundtgåing av den transcendentale egenhetens støtte" ar thaobh 3, le taobh D greanta. === Tar éis príosúnachta agus scoir (2009–2020) === [[File:Burzum2010.svg|deas|mion| Lógó Burzum a úsáideadh ar an albam ''Belus'' in 2010, suite sa chló Ruritania]] Go gairid i ndiaidh a scaoilte, thosaigh Vikernes ag scríobh rianta nua (naoi rian miotail agus réamhrá agus deireadh comhthimpeallach) d’albam Burzum atá le teacht. De réir athinsintí Vikernes, bhí suim ag roinnt comhlachtaí taifead a chéad albam a scaoileadh in aon bhliain déag. Dúirt sé faoin albam nua, "Ba mhaith liom mo chuid ama a thógáil, agus é a dhéanamh mar is mian liom é. Beidh sé ina cheol miotail, agus is féidir leis na lucht leanúna Burzum fíor a bheith ag súil leis." Bhí an teideal bunaidh le bheith ''Den hvite guden'' ( ''An Dia Bán'' ) ar an albam. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2009/07/04/magasinet/innenriks/kriminalomsorg/kirkebrann/drapsdom/7051663/|title="Greven" angrer ingenting – magasinet – dagbladet.no|date=4 July 2009|language=no|work=dagbladet.no|access-date=25 May 2013}}</ref> Tar éis tréimhse neamhghníomhaíochta, phostáil Vikernes físeán ar a chuntas YouTube i mí an Mheithimh 2018 ag fógairt go raibh "[sé] tar éis bogadh ar aghaidh [ó Burzum]", ag rá "slán" leis an tionscadal. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/varg_vikernes_has_ended_burzum_for_good_burzum_is_my_painful_past_in_a_reeking_bog.html|title=Varg Vikernes Has Ended Burzum for Good: 'Burzum Is My Painful Past in a Reeking Bog'|date=3 June 2018|publisher=[[Ultimate Guitar Archive]]|access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref> I mí Iúil 2018, phostáil úsáideoir YouTube darb ainm Hermann ábhair neamhfhoilsithe de Uruk-Hai ó 1988 go 1990 agus taifeadtaí príosún Bergen de chuid Burzum ó 1994, a fuair sé ó Tiziana Stupia. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.maniacsonline.com.au/news/fan-uploads-missing-uruk-hai-burzum-recordings-varg-vikernes-reacts-201016|title=Fan Uploads Missing 'Uruk-Hai' Burzum Recordings, Varg Vikernes Reacts|work=Maniacsonline.com.au|access-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308125440/https://www.maniacsonline.com.au/news/fan-uploads-missing-uruk-hai-burzum-recordings-varg-vikernes-reacts-201016|archive-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> == Stíl cheoil agus tionchair == Áirítear le ceol Burzum miotal dubh simplí chomh maith le ceol dorcha comhthimpeallach, ceol neofolk agus ceol neo-mheánaoiseach . Is minic a bhíonn sé íostach agus dorcha, le hathrá agus struchtúir shimplí amhrán. Is minic a spreagann fantaisíocht agus [[Miotaseolaíocht na Lochlannach|miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach]] liricí agus íomhánna Burzum, agus ní léiríonn siad go sainráite na tuairimí polaitiúla ar an eite dheis a bhfuil cáil ar Vikernes astu. <ref name="Helden">{{Cite book-en|author=Von Helden|first=Imke|title=Norwegian Native Art: Cultural Identity in Norwegian Metal Music|publisher=[[LIT Verlag]]|year=2017|pages=35, 179}}</ref> I n-agallamh in 2010, dúirt Vikernes: "Ní banna polaitiúil ná reiligiúnach é Burzum, ná fiú banna frith-reiligiúnach. Is ceol é Burzum; ealaín más maith leat, agus is i súil an fhéachadóra atá léirmhíniú na healaíne. B'fhéidir gur duine Lochlannach mé, heitrighnéasach agus go bhfuil idé-eolaíocht Págánach agam féin, ach cén fáth a mbeadh súil agam go mbeadh lucht leanúna mo cheoil díreach cosúil liomsa?". <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.stereogum.com/295222/haunting-the-chapel-no-8/franchises/haunting-the-chapel/|title=Haunting The Chapel No. 8|date=10 March 2010|work=[[Stereogum]]}}</ref> Tá Burzum ar liosta Daoine agus Eagraíochtaí Contúirteacha [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] . <ref name="meta dio">{{Cite web-en|url=https://loudwire.com/burzum-leaked-facebook-blacklist-dangerous-bands/|title=Burzum included on leaked Facebook blacklist of "Dangerous" bands|author=Hartmann|first=Graham|date=13 October 2021|work=[[Loudwire]]|access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref> I measc na n-ealaíontóirí neamh-mhiotail eile a luaigh sé mar thionchar tá [[The Cure]], Depeche Mode agus New Order . <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2011/03/15/varg-vikernes-burzum-interviewed/|title=Varg Vikernes (Burzum) interviewed|author=Dick|first=Chris|work=[[Decibel (magazine)|Decibel]]|access-date=14 May 2024}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2011, dúirt Vikernes nach raibh sé ag éisteacht le bannaí miotail dhuibh nua a thuilleadh agus gur éist sé leis an Cure den chuid is mó ina ionad. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://metalassault.com/Interviews/022311_Burzum.php|title=BURZUM: In-depth Interview With Varg Vikernes|work=metalassault.com|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Meastar go forleathan gurb é Burzum ceann de na gníomhartha is mó tionchar i stair an mhiotail dhuibh agus a chraobhóg den mhiotal dubh Náisiúnta Sóisialach (NSBM). I measc na mbannaí ceoil a luaigh Burzum mar thionchar tá Deafheaven, Liturgy, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/liturgy-hhh-interview-2015/|title=Hunter Hunt-Hendrix Envisions Liturgy's New Sound as "Burzum Meets Bone Thugs N Harmony"|author=Dick|first=Jonathan|date=16 February 2015|language=en|work=Vice|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Wolves in the Throne Room <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.seaoftranquility.org/article.php?sid=973|title=Interviews: Wolves In the Throne Room Show That US Black Metal is Alive and Well! - Sea of Tranquility - The Web Destination for Progressive Music!|work=www.seaoftranquility.org|access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref> agus Altar of Plagues . <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://yourlastrites.com/2010/04/20/altar-of-plagues-the-era-of-immense-change/|title=Altar Of Plagues – The Era Of Immense Change|date=20 April 2010|language=en-US|work=Last Rites|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Spreag an tionscadal ceoltóirí ó sheánraí eile chomh maith, ina measc Chelsea Wolfe, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2014/feb/12/weekly-interview-singersongwriter-chelsea-wolfe/|title=The Weekly interview: Singer/songwriter Chelsea Wolfe - Las Vegas Weekly|date=12 February 2014|work=lasvegasweekly.com|access-date=17 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131050310/https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2014/feb/12/weekly-interview-singersongwriter-chelsea-wolfe/|archive-date=31 January 2023}}</ref> Mount Eerie, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.thebeliever.net/phil-elverum-on-six-of-his-songs/|title=Phil Elverum on Six of His Songs|author=admin_bm|date=1 July 2009|language=en-US|work=Believer Magazine|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Thurston Moore, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.spin.com/2012/07/thurston-moore-playing-black-metal-supergroup-twilights-new-album/|title=Thurston Moore Playing on Black-Metal Supergroup Twilight's New Album|author=Grow|first=Kory|date=30 July 2012|work=Spin}}</ref> agus Vision Eternel . <ref name="TheNoiseBeneaththeSnowInterview">{{Cite web-en|url=https://noisebeneaththesnow.com/2020/11/24/an-interview-with-vision-eternel-ethereal-dark-ambient|title=An Interview with Vision Eternel (ethereal, dark ambient)|author=Zimmerman|first=William|date=24 November 2020|language=en-US|work=The Noise Beneath the Snow|access-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429194109/https://noisebeneaththesnow.com/2020/11/24/an-interview-with-vision-eternel-ethereal-dark-ambient|archive-date=29 April 2023}}</ref> == Dioscliosta == '''Príomheisiúintí''' * ''Burzum'' (1992) * ''Bhí sé ina fhear'' (1993) * ''Más líséad tar orainn'' (1994) * ''Filosofem'' (1996) * ''Dauði Baldrs'' (1997) * ''Hliðskjálf'' (1999) * ''Belus'' (2010) * ''Tite'' (2011) * ''Umskiptar'' (2012) * ''Sôl austan, Mâni vestan'' (2013) * ''Bealaí na Sean-Aimseartha'' (2014) * ''Rúndiamhra Thulêan'' (2020) <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://burzum.org/eng/discography/official/2020_thulean_mysteries.shtml|title=Burzum - Discography - Official Releases - "Thulêan Mysteries" 2020|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411171707/https://www.burzum.org/eng/discography/official/2020_thulean_mysteries.shtml|archive-date=11 April 2020}}</ref> * ''Tír Thulê'' (2024) '''EPanna''' * ''Aske'' (1993) '''Singil''' * "Breacadh an Lae Mhiotasaigh" (2015) * "Ríocht Dearmadta" (2015) * "Rúndiamhra Thulean" (2015) * "Ath-choinneáil Ódín" (2023) * "Draíocht na hUaighe" (2024) * "An tAinm Folaithe" (2024) * "Nádúr na nDéithe" (2024) * "Glaoch an Chrócaigh" (2024) * "Thar an nGeata" (2024) * "Gaotha na Ríochta Imithe" (2024) * "Cuimhní sa Cheo" (2024) * "Cad a Thiocfaidh" (2025) * "Tír na nEilf" (2025) * "Faoi an Bharraigh" (2025) * "An Cnoc Tine" (2025) * ''Taispeántas Burzum'' (1991) * ''Ath/Taispeántas 91'' (1991) * ''Burzum Promo'' (1992) * ''Téip Fhógraíochta (le Uruk-Hai)'' (1994) '''Físeáin cheoil''' * "Dunkelheit" (1996) '''Albaim thiomsaithe''' * ''Burzum / Aske'' (1995) * ''Díolaim Burzum'' (2002) (meallta) * ''Draugen – Rarities'' (2005) (buidéal ceoil, rian Ildjarn air trí dhearmad) * ''Díolaim Burzum'' (2008) * ''Ó Dhoimhneacht an Dorchadais'' (2011) * ''Foreldra'' (2019) * ''Thulê'' (2019) * ''Ábhar Neamhfhoilsithe 1988–1994'' (2021) {{Efn|On the cassette provided by Tiziana Stupia it was titled ''The Fighting Uruk-Hai / Wotans Verhängnis''.<ref name="auto"/>}} '''Tacair boscaí''' * ''Burzum 1992–1997'' (1998) * ''Burzum 1992–1999'' (2010) * ''XIII'' (2018) * ''I Lámha an Dorchadais'' (2019) '''cuma eile''' * ''Toimhdeofar Ciontach'' (1998) (a chuir "Et hvitt lys over skogen") * Fuaimrian <nowiki><i id="mwAWg">Gummo</i></nowiki> (1998) (a chuir "Rundtgåing av den transcendental egenhetens støtte") * ''Cuireann Fenriz i láthair...'' ''An Chuid is Fearr de Mhiotal Dubh Sean-Nóis'' (2004) (cuir leis "Ea, Tiarna na nDoimhneachtaí") == Féach freisin == * Liosta ealaíontóirí ceoil chomhthimpeallach == Tagairtí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Vicíshliocht|Burzum}} * [https://www.burzum.org/ Burzum.org] * [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000645956 Burzum ar AllMusic] * [https://www.discogs.com/artist/175037-Burzum?redirected=true Dioscliosta Burzum ar Discogs] {{Burzum}}{{Rialú údaráis}} [[Catagóir:Grúpaí ceoil bunaithe sa bhliain 1991]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol ó Bergen]] [[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí aonair]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotal dubh Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Timpeallachta Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Ioruach i mBéarla]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotail Lochlannach ón Iorua]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotal atmaisféarach dubh Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Leathanaigh le haistriúcháin neamh-mheasúnaithe]] 0kp218l5n3p1etbo9vy7vc9ovod9v33 1330573 1330572 2026-10-24T22:44:38Z Dontcallmealekk 78252 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376565199|Burzum]]" 1330573 wikitext text/x-wiki Is tionscadal ceoil Ioruach é '''Burzum''' (/ˈbɜːrzəm/; Ioruais: [ˈbʉ̀rtsʉm]) a bhunaigh Kristian "Varg" Vikernes sa bhliain 1991. Cé nár sheinn Burzum riamh beo, ba bhall lárnach de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é agus meastar gurb é ceann de na gníomhartha is mó tionchar i stair an mhiotail dhuibh agus a easghluaiseacht Miotail Dhuibh Náisiúnta Shóisialaigh (MDNS). Ciallaíonn an focal "burzum" "dorchadas" sa Black Speech, teanga fhicseanúil a chum scríbhneoir The Lord of the Rings J. R. R. Tolkien. Is minic a spreagann fantaisíocht agus miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach liricí agus íomhánna Burzum. Is ceol spreagúil é Ioruach é Burzum. Bhunaigh Kristian "Varg" Vikernes Burzum sa bhliain 1991, agus cé nár thug Burzum aon léirithe beo riamh, ba bhall lárnach de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é agus meastar go raibh tionchar mór aige ar stair an Mhiotail Dhuibh agus a easghluaiseacht de Mhiotal Dubh Náisiúnta-Shóisialach (MDNS). Aistrítear an focal "Burzum" mar "Dorchadas" i "Black Speech," teanga a chum scríbhneoir "The Lord of The Rings" J. R. R. Tolkien. De ghnáth, spreagann fantaisíocht agus miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach liricí agus íomhánna Burzum. Chuir Vikernes tús leis an tionscadal Burzum sa bhliain 1991. Taifeadadh na chéad cheithre albam de chuid Burzum idir Eanáir 1992 agus Márta 1993. Cuireadh Vikernes i bpríosún as dúnmharú Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth - iar-ghiotáraí an bhanna Mayhem - agus as trí eaglais a dhó. Fad is a bhí sé sa phríosún, thaifead Varg dhá albam sa stíl 'dark ambient', ag baint úsáide as sintéiseoirí amháin, ós rud é nach raibh sé in ann teacht ar dhrumaí, ar ghiotár ná ar ghiotár dord. Saoirseadh Vikernes ón bpríosún sa bhliain 2009, agus tá sé ag taifeadadh agus ag eisiúint albam go dtí an lá atá inniu ann. Chuir Vikernes deireadh le "Burzum" sa bhliain 2020, sular fhógair sé albam eile sa bhliain 2024 - rud a tháinig aniar aduaidh ar dhaoine. == Stair == === Blianta tosaigh (1988–1992) === [[Íomhá:Burzumlogodemoii.png|clé|mion| Níor úsáideadh lógó bunaidh Burzum ach amháin i 1991]] Thosaigh Varg Vikernes ag déanamh ceoil sa bhliain 1988 leis an mbanna Kalashnikov. An bhliain dár gcionn, athraíodh an t-ainm go Uruk-Hai, i ndiaidh na gcréatúr ó ''[[Tiarna na bhFáinní]]'' le [[J. R. R. Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] . <ref name="Kuusela 2015">{{Cite book-en|author=Kuusela|first=Tommy|url=https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:874533/FULLTEXT01.pdf|title=Lembas Extra: Unexplored Aspects of Tolkien and Arda: Edition 2015|date=2015|publisher=Productie Boekscout|isbn=978-94-022-1557-1|location=Netherlands|pages=89–119}}</ref> I 1990 agus 1991, sheinn Vikernes giotár don bhanna miotail báis Old Funeral, a raibh baill ann freisin a bhunódh an banna Immortal níos déanaí. Tá sé le feiceáil ar an [[Ceirnín leathfhada|EP]] Old Funeral '', Devoured Carcass'' . D’fhág Vikernes Old Funeral sa bhliain 1991 chun díriú ar a fhíseanna ceoil féin a chruthú. Bhí tionscadal gearrthéarmach aige ar a dtugtar Satanel, mar aon le Abbath Doom Occulta . Ansin chuir sé tús le tionscadal aonair faoin ainm Burzum. Ciallaíonn an focal "burzum" "dorchadas" sa Black Speech, teanga a chum Tolkien. Go gairid i ndiaidh dó dhá théip taispeána a thaifeadadh, tháinig sé chun bheith ina chuid de radharc miotail dhuibh na hIorua. Leis na téipeanna taispeána aige, mheall sé aird ó Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth ó Mayhem, a bhunaigh Deathlike Silence Productions le déanaí. Shínigh Aarseth conradh le Burzum leis an lipéad ansin, agus go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, thosaigh Vikernes - faoin ainm cleite Count Grishnackh (ainm eile atá oiriúnaithe ó ''The Lord of the Rings'' ) - ag taifeadadh albam tosaigh Burzum, a raibh an t-ainm céanna air . De réir dhírbheathaisnéis Vikernes ar a shuíomh gréasáin, bhí sé i gceist aige an t-albam a thaifeadadh sa chaighdeán taifeadta is measa ab fhéidir (toisc gur trádmharc tipiciúil de radharc luath-mhiotail dhuibh na hIorua é seo), agus fós é a dhéanamh inghlactha. Scaoileadh an chéad albam comhainmneach de chuid Burzum sa bhliain 1992, an dara halbam a eisíodh ar Deathlike Silence Productions. Bhí cuma aoi ó Euronymous ar an amhrán "War" ón albam seo, ag seinm giotáir aonair "díreach le haghaidh spraoi", dar le Vikernes. === Príosúnacht (1993–2009) === [[File:BurzumLogo.png|deas|mion| Lógó Burzum a úsáideadh idir 1994 agus 2009]] I mí na Bealtaine 1994 eisíodh ''Hvis lyset tar oss'', albam nua d'ábhar a taifeadadh roimhe seo ó 1992. D’fhan Burzum mar thionscadal aonair go dtí 1994, nuair a gabhadh Vikernes as dúnmharú Euronymous agus as dó roinnt eaglaisí sa Iorua. Le linn a thréimhse sa phríosún, d’eisigh Vikernes a chéad albam eile, dar teideal ''Filosofem'', ar an 1 Eanáir 1996. Taifeadadh ''Filosofem'' i mí an Mhárta 1993, agus ba é an taifeadadh deireanach a rinne Vikernes roimh a phríosúnacht. Scaoileadh ''Burzum / Aske'', bailiúchán ina bhfuil albam ''Burzum'' agus ''Aske'' EP, sa bhliain 1995. Agus é i bpríosún, d’éirigh le Vikernes dhá albam eile a thaifeadadh i stíl dorcha comhthimpeallach . Scaoileadh iad mar ''Dauði Baldrs'' (1997) agus ''Hliðskjálf'' (1999). Cruthaíodh an dá albam seo le sintéiseoir, toisc go raibh cosc ar Vikernes aon ionstraimí eile a úsáid sa phríosún. Sa bhliain 1998, ath-eisíodh gach albam Burzum a eisíodh go dtí an pointe sin mar dhioscaí pictiúr vinile i mbosca speisialta ar a dtugtar ''1992–1997'' ; áfach, ní raibh "Rundtgåing av den transcendentale egenhetens støtte" ''i Filosofem'' mar gheall ar a fhad. Albam dúbailte ab ea an rialtas vinile de ''Filosofem'' ar Misanthropy, ina raibh rianta 1–3 ar thaobh A, na rianta "Decrepitude" ar thaobh 2 agus "Rundtgåing av den transcendentale egenhetens støtte" ar thaobh 3, le taobh D greanta. === Tar éis príosúnachta agus scoir (2009–2020) === [[File:Burzum2010.svg|deas|mion| Lógó Burzum a úsáideadh ar an albam ''Belus'' in 2010, suite sa chló Ruritania]] Go gairid i ndiaidh a scaoilte, thosaigh Vikernes ag scríobh rianta nua (naoi rian miotail agus réamhrá agus deireadh comhthimpeallach) d’albam Burzum atá le teacht. De réir athinsintí Vikernes, bhí suim ag roinnt comhlachtaí taifead a chéad albam a scaoileadh in aon bhliain déag. Dúirt sé faoin albam nua, "Ba mhaith liom mo chuid ama a thógáil, agus é a dhéanamh mar is mian liom é. Beidh sé ina cheol miotail, agus is féidir leis na lucht leanúna Burzum fíor a bheith ag súil leis." Bhí an teideal bunaidh le bheith ''Den hvite guden'' ( ''An Dia Bán'' ) ar an albam. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2009/07/04/magasinet/innenriks/kriminalomsorg/kirkebrann/drapsdom/7051663/|title="Greven" angrer ingenting – magasinet – dagbladet.no|date=4 July 2009|language=no|work=dagbladet.no|access-date=25 May 2013}}</ref> Tar éis tréimhse neamhghníomhaíochta, phostáil Vikernes físeán ar a chuntas YouTube i mí an Mheithimh 2018 ag fógairt go raibh "[sé] tar éis bogadh ar aghaidh [ó Burzum]", ag rá "slán" leis an tionscadal. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/varg_vikernes_has_ended_burzum_for_good_burzum_is_my_painful_past_in_a_reeking_bog.html|title=Varg Vikernes Has Ended Burzum for Good: 'Burzum Is My Painful Past in a Reeking Bog'|date=3 June 2018|publisher=[[Ultimate Guitar Archive]]|access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref> I mí Iúil 2018, phostáil úsáideoir YouTube darb ainm Hermann ábhair neamhfhoilsithe de Uruk-Hai ó 1988 go 1990 agus taifeadtaí príosún Bergen de chuid Burzum ó 1994, a fuair sé ó Tiziana Stupia. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.maniacsonline.com.au/news/fan-uploads-missing-uruk-hai-burzum-recordings-varg-vikernes-reacts-201016|title=Fan Uploads Missing 'Uruk-Hai' Burzum Recordings, Varg Vikernes Reacts|work=Maniacsonline.com.au|access-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308125440/https://www.maniacsonline.com.au/news/fan-uploads-missing-uruk-hai-burzum-recordings-varg-vikernes-reacts-201016|archive-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> == Stíl cheoil agus tionchair == Áirítear le ceol Burzum miotal dubh simplí chomh maith le ceol dorcha comhthimpeallach, ceol neofolk agus ceol neo-mheánaoiseach . Is minic a bhíonn sé íostach agus dorcha, le hathrá agus struchtúir shimplí amhrán. Is minic a spreagann fantaisíocht agus [[Miotaseolaíocht na Lochlannach|miotaseolaíocht Lochlannach]] liricí agus íomhánna Burzum, agus ní léiríonn siad go sainráite na tuairimí polaitiúla ar an eite dheis a bhfuil cáil ar Vikernes astu. <ref name="Helden">{{Cite book-en|author=Von Helden|first=Imke|title=Norwegian Native Art: Cultural Identity in Norwegian Metal Music|publisher=[[LIT Verlag]]|year=2017|pages=35, 179}}</ref> I n-agallamh in 2010, dúirt Vikernes: "Ní banna polaitiúil ná reiligiúnach é Burzum, ná fiú banna frith-reiligiúnach. Is ceol é Burzum; ealaín más maith leat, agus is i súil an fhéachadóra atá léirmhíniú na healaíne. B'fhéidir gur duine Lochlannach mé, heitrighnéasach agus go bhfuil idé-eolaíocht Págánach agam féin, ach cén fáth a mbeadh súil agam go mbeadh lucht leanúna mo cheoil díreach cosúil liomsa?". <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.stereogum.com/295222/haunting-the-chapel-no-8/franchises/haunting-the-chapel/|title=Haunting The Chapel No. 8|date=10 March 2010|work=[[Stereogum]]}}</ref> Tá Burzum ar liosta Daoine agus Eagraíochtaí Contúirteacha [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] . <ref name="meta dio">{{Cite web-en|url=https://loudwire.com/burzum-leaked-facebook-blacklist-dangerous-bands/|title=Burzum included on leaked Facebook blacklist of "Dangerous" bands|author=Hartmann|first=Graham|date=13 October 2021|work=[[Loudwire]]|access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref> I measc na n-ealaíontóirí neamh-mhiotail eile a luaigh sé mar thionchar tá [[The Cure]], Depeche Mode agus New Order . <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2011/03/15/varg-vikernes-burzum-interviewed/|title=Varg Vikernes (Burzum) interviewed|author=Dick|first=Chris|work=[[Decibel (magazine)|Decibel]]|access-date=14 May 2024}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2011, dúirt Vikernes nach raibh sé ag éisteacht le bannaí miotail dhuibh nua a thuilleadh agus gur éist sé leis an Cure den chuid is mó ina ionad. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://metalassault.com/Interviews/022311_Burzum.php|title=BURZUM: In-depth Interview With Varg Vikernes|work=metalassault.com|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Meastar go forleathan gurb é Burzum ceann de na gníomhartha is mó tionchar i stair an mhiotail dhuibh agus a chraobhóg den mhiotal dubh Náisiúnta Sóisialach (NSBM). I measc na mbannaí ceoil a luaigh Burzum mar thionchar tá Deafheaven, Liturgy, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/liturgy-hhh-interview-2015/|title=Hunter Hunt-Hendrix Envisions Liturgy's New Sound as "Burzum Meets Bone Thugs N Harmony"|author=Dick|first=Jonathan|date=16 February 2015|language=en|work=Vice|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Wolves in the Throne Room <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.seaoftranquility.org/article.php?sid=973|title=Interviews: Wolves In the Throne Room Show That US Black Metal is Alive and Well! - Sea of Tranquility - The Web Destination for Progressive Music!|work=www.seaoftranquility.org|access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref> agus Altar of Plagues . <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://yourlastrites.com/2010/04/20/altar-of-plagues-the-era-of-immense-change/|title=Altar Of Plagues – The Era Of Immense Change|date=20 April 2010|language=en-US|work=Last Rites|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Spreag an tionscadal ceoltóirí ó sheánraí eile chomh maith, ina measc Chelsea Wolfe, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2014/feb/12/weekly-interview-singersongwriter-chelsea-wolfe/|title=The Weekly interview: Singer/songwriter Chelsea Wolfe - Las Vegas Weekly|date=12 February 2014|work=lasvegasweekly.com|access-date=17 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131050310/https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2014/feb/12/weekly-interview-singersongwriter-chelsea-wolfe/|archive-date=31 January 2023}}</ref> Mount Eerie, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.thebeliever.net/phil-elverum-on-six-of-his-songs/|title=Phil Elverum on Six of His Songs|author=admin_bm|date=1 July 2009|language=en-US|work=Believer Magazine|access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Thurston Moore, <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.spin.com/2012/07/thurston-moore-playing-black-metal-supergroup-twilights-new-album/|title=Thurston Moore Playing on Black-Metal Supergroup Twilight's New Album|author=Grow|first=Kory|date=30 July 2012|work=Spin}}</ref> agus Vision Eternel . <ref name="TheNoiseBeneaththeSnowInterview">{{Cite web-en|url=https://noisebeneaththesnow.com/2020/11/24/an-interview-with-vision-eternel-ethereal-dark-ambient|title=An Interview with Vision Eternel (ethereal, dark ambient)|author=Zimmerman|first=William|date=24 November 2020|language=en-US|work=The Noise Beneath the Snow|access-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429194109/https://noisebeneaththesnow.com/2020/11/24/an-interview-with-vision-eternel-ethereal-dark-ambient|archive-date=29 April 2023}}</ref> == Dioscliosta == '''Príomheisiúintí''' * ''Burzum'' (1992) * ''Bhí sé ina fhear'' (1993) * ''Más líséad tar orainn'' (1994) * ''Filosofem'' (1996) * ''Dauði Baldrs'' (1997) * ''Hliðskjálf'' (1999) * ''Belus'' (2010) * ''Tite'' (2011) * ''Umskiptar'' (2012) * ''Sôl austan, Mâni vestan'' (2013) * ''Bealaí na Sean-Aimseartha'' (2014) * ''Rúndiamhra Thulêan'' (2020) <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://burzum.org/eng/discography/official/2020_thulean_mysteries.shtml|title=Burzum - Discography - Official Releases - "Thulêan Mysteries" 2020|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411171707/https://www.burzum.org/eng/discography/official/2020_thulean_mysteries.shtml|archive-date=11 April 2020}}</ref> * ''Tír Thulê'' (2024) '''EPanna''' * ''Aske'' (1993) '''Singil''' * "Breacadh an Lae Mhiotasaigh" (2015) * "Ríocht Dearmadta" (2015) * "Rúndiamhra Thulean" (2015) * "Ath-choinneáil Ódín" (2023) * "Draíocht na hUaighe" (2024) * "An tAinm Folaithe" (2024) * "Nádúr na nDéithe" (2024) * "Glaoch an Chrócaigh" (2024) * "Thar an nGeata" (2024) * "Gaotha na Ríochta Imithe" (2024) * "Cuimhní sa Cheo" (2024) * "Cad a Thiocfaidh" (2025) * "Tír na nEilf" (2025) * "Faoi an Bharraigh" (2025) * "An Cnoc Tine" (2025) * ''Taispeántas Burzum'' (1991) * ''Ath/Taispeántas 91'' (1991) * ''Burzum Promo'' (1992) * ''Téip Fhógraíochta (le Uruk-Hai)'' (1994) '''Físeáin cheoil''' * "Dunkelheit" (1996) '''Albaim thiomsaithe''' * ''Burzum / Aske'' (1995) * ''Díolaim Burzum'' (2002) (meallta) * ''Draugen – Rarities'' (2005) (buidéal ceoil, rian Ildjarn air trí dhearmad) * ''Díolaim Burzum'' (2008) * ''Ó Dhoimhneacht an Dorchadais'' (2011) * ''Foreldra'' (2019) * ''Thulê'' (2019) * ''Ábhar Neamhfhoilsithe 1988–1994'' (2021) {{Efn|On the cassette provided by Tiziana Stupia it was titled ''The Fighting Uruk-Hai / Wotans Verhängnis''.<ref name="auto"/>}} '''Tacair boscaí''' * ''Burzum 1992–1997'' (1998) * ''Burzum 1992–1999'' (2010) * ''XIII'' (2018) * ''I Lámha an Dorchadais'' (2019) '''cuma eile''' * ''Toimhdeofar Ciontach'' (1998) (a chuir "Et hvitt lys over skogen") * Fuaimrian <nowiki><i id="mwAWg">Gummo</i></nowiki> (1998) (a chuir "Rundtgåing av den transcendental egenhetens støtte") * ''Cuireann Fenriz i láthair...'' ''An Chuid is Fearr de Mhiotal Dubh Sean-Nóis'' (2004) (cuir leis "Ea, Tiarna na nDoimhneachtaí") == Féach freisin == * Liosta ealaíontóirí ceoil chomhthimpeallach == Tagairtí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Vicíshliocht|Burzum}} * [https://www.burzum.org/ Burzum.org] * [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000645956 Burzum ar AllMusic] * [https://www.discogs.com/artist/175037-Burzum?redirected=true Dioscliosta Burzum ar Discogs] {{Burzum}}{{Rialú údaráis}} [[Catagóir:Grúpaí ceoil bunaithe sa bhliain 1991]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol ó Bergen]] [[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí aonair]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotal dubh Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Timpeallachta Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Ceol Ioruach i mBéarla]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotail Lochlannach ón Iorua]] [[Catagóir:Ceol miotal atmaisféarach dubh Ioruach]] [[Catagóir:Leathanaigh le haistriúcháin neamh-mheasúnaithe]] mlutnuqjgiyzag9us3bcet5t64373qv 0 128675 1330575 2026-10-24T23:42:02Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 Alt nua ar chastacht ríomhaireachtúil — casta, ach inléite! 1330575 wikitext text/x-wiki Is brainse den [[Ríomheolaíocht|ríomheolaíocht]] í an '''chastacht ríomhaireachtúil''' a dhéanann staidéar ar na hacmhainní ríomhaireachtúla a theastaíonn chun fadhbanna a réiteach. Díríonn sí go háirithe ar an am ríomhaireachta agus ar an gcuimhne a bhíonn de dhíth ar algartaim, agus ar an gcaoi a n-athraíonn na riachtanais sin de réir mhéid an ionchuir. Is é ceann de phríomhchuspóirí na teoirice castachta fadhbanna ríomhaireachtúla a aicmiú de réir a ndeacrachta agus teorainneacha na ríomhaireachta éifeachtaí a thuiscint.<ref name="Dean">Walter Dean, [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computational-complexity/ “Computational Complexity Theory”], ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', foilsíodh den chéad uair an 27 Iúil 2015; athbhreithniú substainteach an 20 Iúil 2016.</ref> == Acmhainní ríomhaireachtúla == Déantar castacht ríomhaireachtúil a thomhas trí mhéid na n-acmhainní a theastaíonn chun fadhb a réiteach a chur i gcomparáid le méid an ionchuir. Is gnách méid an ionchuir a shonrú mar fhad a léirithe, mar shampla líon na ngiotán atá riachtanach chun uimhir a ionchódú sa chóras dénártha.<ref name="Dean"/> Is iad castacht ama agus castacht spáis an dá phríomhchineál castachta a ndéantar staidéar orthu. * '''Castacht ama:''' líon na gcéimeanna bunúsacha ríomhaireachta a dhéanann algartam sula gcríochnaíonn sé a ríomh. * '''Castacht spáis:''' méid na cuimhne oibre a theastaíonn ón algartam le linn an ríofa. Déantar na tomhais seo i dtaca le samhail fhoirmiúil ríomhaireachta, amhail [[Meaisín Turing|meaisín Turing]]. Ligeann sé sin algartaim agus fadhbanna a chur i gcomparáid gan bheith ag brath ar luas ná ar ailtireacht ríomhaire ar leith.<ref name="Dean"/> Is minic a dhéantar castacht a mheas sa '''chás is measa''', is é sin an méid acmhainní is mó a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ag teastáil i gcás ionchuir d'fhad ar leith. Déantar staidéar freisin ar an gcás is fearr agus ar an meánchás. Braitheann rogha an tomhais ar an bhfadhb atá á scrúdú agus ar an gceist atá á cur ag an taighdeoir.<ref name="Dean"/> Tá difríocht idir anailís a dhéanamh ar algartam ar leith agus staidéar a dhéanamh ar chastacht faidhbe. Baineann an chéad cheann le hacmhainní algartaim áirithe; déanann an dara ceann iniúchadh ar na teorainneacha agus ar na modhanna is féidir a úsáid chun fadhb a réiteach faoi shamhail ríomhaireachtúil shonraithe. == Fás na castachta == Chun algartaim a chur i gcomparáid, déantar staidéar ar an gcaoi a bhfásann a gcuid riachtanas ama nó spáis de réir mar a mhéadaíonn méid an ionchuir. Úsáidtear '''nodaireacht O-mhór''' chun teorainn uachtarach ar an bhfás sin a chur in iúl. Mar shampla, cuireann <math>O(n)</math> fás líneach in iúl agus cuireann <math>O(n^2)</math> teorainn uachtarach chearnach in iúl, áit arb é <math>n</math> méid an ionchuir.<ref name="Dean"/> Go foirmiúil, i gcás feidhmeanna neamh-dhiúltacha <math>f</math> agus <math>g</math>, scríobhtar <math>f(n)\in O(g(n))</math> má tá tairiseach dearfach <math>c</math> agus slánuimhir <math>n_0</math> ann a fhágann, i gcás gach <math>n\geq n_0</math>, go bhfuil: <math display="block">0\leq f(n)\leq c\,g(n).</math> Ní thugann an nodaireacht O-mhór an líon beacht céimeanna a dhéanann algartam. Déanann sí cur síos ar fhás de réir mhéid an ionchuir, gan tionchar fachtóirí tairiseacha agus téarmaí ardoird a chur san áireamh ar an mbealach céanna a ndéantar iad a mheas i ríomh beacht. Úsáidtear an nodaireacht <math>\Theta(g(n))</math> nuair is féidir teorainn uachtarach agus teorainn íochtarach den ord fáis céanna a shuíomh.<ref name="Dean"/> [[Íomhá:Comparison computational complexity.svg|mion|deas|alt=Graf a dhéanann comparáid idir rátaí fáis feidhmeanna éagsúla de réir mhéid an ionchuir.|Comparáid ghrafach idir rátaí fáis coitianta, agus comhéifeacht 1 á glacadh leis. Foinse: Cmglee, Cómhaoin Wikimedia.]] I measc na rátaí fáis coitianta tá: * '''Tairiseach:''' <math>O(1)</math>. Ní bhraitheann líon na gcéimeanna ar mhéid an ionchuir. * '''Logartamach:''' <math>O(\log n)</math>. Fásann an líon céimeanna go mall de réir mar a mhéadaíonn an t-ionchur. * '''Líneach:''' <math>O(n)</math>. Fásann an líon céimeanna i gcomhréir le méid an ionchuir. * '''Cearnach:''' <math>O(n^2)</math>. Fásann an líon céimeanna de réir chearnóg mhéid an ionchuir. * '''Ciúbach:''' <math>O(n^3)</math>. Fásann an líon céimeanna de réir chiúb mhéid an ionchuir. * '''Easpónantúil:''' <math>O(2^n)</math>. Fásann an líon céimeanna go han-tapa de réir mar a mhéadaíonn an t-ionchur. Léiríonn na ríomhanna seo a leanas na luachanna a fhaightear do na feidhmeanna <math>n</math>, <math>n^2</math>, <math>n^3</math> agus <math>2^n</math>. Glactar le comhéifeacht 1 i ngach cás; is comparáid mhatamaiticiúil í seo, ní tomhas ar algartam ar leith. {| class="wikitable" |+ Comparáid idir roinnt feidhmeanna fáis ! Méid an ionchuir <math>n</math> !! <math>n</math> !! <math>n^2</math> !! <math>n^3</math> !! <math>2^n</math> |- | 10 || 10 || 100 || 1,000 || 1,024 |- | 20 || 20 || 400 || 8,000 || 1,048,576 |- | 30 || 30 || 900 || 27,000 || 1,073,741,824 |} Léiríonn an chomparáid go bhfásann <math>2^n</math> i bhfad níos tapúla ná na feidhmeanna polainómacha nuair a éiríonn an t-ionchur mór. Ní chiallaíonn sin go mbíonn gach algartam polainómach níos tapúla i ngach cás: braitheann feidhmíocht phraiticiúil freisin ar fhachtóirí tairiseacha, ar an gcéim sa pholainóm, agus ar chineál na n-ionchur.<ref name="Dean"/> Tá tábhacht le fad ionchódaithe na sonraí chomh maith. Má léirítear slánuimhir dheimhneach <math>N</math> sa chóras dénártha, is é an fad atá aici i ngiotáin: <math display="block">m=\lfloor\log_2 N\rfloor+1.</math> Dá bhrí sin, d'fhéadfadh algartam a dhéanann <math>N</math> céim a bheith easpónantúil i bhfad an ionchuir <math>m</math>, mar is féidir le <math>N</math> a bheith gar do <math>2^m</math>. Léiríonn sé sin cén fáth a gcaithfear méid an ionchuir a shainiú go cúramach agus castacht á tomhas.<ref name="Dean"/> Sa teoiric castachta, úsáidtear am polainómach mar shlat tomhais theoiriciúil ar éifeachtúlacht. Is ionann am polainómach agus teorainn ama den fhoirm <math>O(n^k)</math>, áit ar tairiseach neamhspleách ar mhéid an ionchuir é <math>k</math>. Ní ráthaíocht é sin go mbeidh gach algartam den sórt sin praiticiúil do mhéideanna móra ionchuir.<ref name="Dean"/> == Ranganna castachta == Is éard is rang castachta ann ná bailiúchán d'fhadhbanna ríomhaireachtúla a chomhlíonann critéir áirithe maidir leis na hacmhainní a theastaíonn chun iad a réiteach. Baineann cuid mhór den teoiric le '''fadhbanna cinnidh''', ina gcaithfear a chinneadh an bhfuil airí áirithe ag ionchur ar leith. Déantar a rang castachta a mheas i dtaca le samhail ríomhaireachtúil agus teorainneacha acmhainní sainithe.<ref name="Dean"/> Seo a leanas roinnt de na ranganna is mó a úsáidtear: {| class="wikitable" |+ Príomh-ranganna castachta ríomhaireachtúla ! Rang !! Sainmhíniú ginearálta |- | '''P''' | Na fadhbanna cinnidh is féidir le meaisín Turing cinntitheach a réiteach in am polainómach. |- | '''NP''' | Na fadhbanna cinnidh ar féidir teastas a dhearbhaíonn freagra dearfach a fhíorú in am polainómach. Is féidir an rang céanna a shainmhíniú trí mheaisíní Turing neamhchinntitheacha. |- | '''coNP''' | Na fadhbanna cinnidh a bhfuil a gcomhlánuithe in NP. |- | '''PSPACE''' | Na fadhbanna cinnidh is féidir a réiteach le méid spáis oibre atá teoranta ag polainóm i méid an ionchuir. |- | '''EXP''' | Na fadhbanna cinnidh is féidir a réiteach in am teoranta ag feidhm easpónantúil de mhéid an ionchuir. |} Tá na ranganna seo bunaithe ar shainmhínithe foirmiúla, agus ní ar thomhais ama ar ríomhairí fisiciúla. Is iad na cuimsithe seo a leanas cuid de na caidrimh bhunúsacha atá ar eolas: <math display="block">\mathrm{P}\subseteq\mathrm{NP}\subseteq\mathrm{PSPACE}\subseteq\mathrm{EXP}.</math> Is cuimsithe cruthaithe iad seo, ach ní fios an bhfuil gach cuimsiú ina chuimsiú docht, is é sin, an bhfuil na ranganna ar gach taobh éagsúil óna chéile. Tá sé cruthaithe, áfach, go bhfuil <math>\mathrm{P}\subsetneq\mathrm{EXP}</math>.<ref name="Dean"/> Tá gaol tábhachtach ann freisin idir NP agus coNP. Is féidir fadhb atá in P a réiteach go héifeachtúil, agus dá bhrí sin is féidir a freagra dearfach agus a freagra diúltach a fhíorú go héifeachtúil. Mar sin: <math display="block">\mathrm{P}\subseteq\mathrm{NP}\cap\mathrm{coNP}.</math> Ní fios an ionann NP agus coNP.<ref name="Dean"/> == Fadhb P agus NP == Ceann de na ceisteanna is cáiliúla sa teoiric castachta ná an ionann na ranganna P agus NP. Déanann P cur síos ar fhadhbanna cinnidh ar féidir iad a réiteach in am polainómach. I gcás NP, is féidir teastas cuí le haghaidh freagra dearfach a fhíorú in am polainómach. Is í an cheist, dá bhrí sin, an féidir gach réiteach a fhíorú go héifeachtúil a aimsiú go héifeachtúil freisin.<ref name="Dean"/> [[Íomhá:Complexity classes.svg|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid de ranganna P agus NP faoi thoimhde nach ionann P agus NP.|Léaráid thraidisiúnta de na ranganna P agus NP faoi thoimhde <math>\mathrm{P}\neq\mathrm{NP}</math>. Níor cruthaíodh an toimhde seo.]] Tá a fhios go bhfuil <math>\mathrm{P}\subseteq\mathrm{NP}</math>, ach níl sé cruthaithe an ionann an dá rang nó an bhfuil cuimsiú docht eatarthu. Is fadhb oscailte í an cheist go fóill agus tá sí ar liosta Fadhbanna na Mílaoise de chuid Institiúid Matamaitice Clay.<ref name="Clay">Clay Mathematics Institute, [https://www.claymath.org/millennium/p-vs-np/ “P vs NP”], ''The Millennium Prize Problems''.</ref> Dá mbeadh <math>\mathrm{P}=\mathrm{NP}</math>, bheadh gach fadhb in NP inréitithe in am polainómach. Os a choinne sin, dá gcruthófaí go bhfuil fadhb éigin in NP nach féidir a réiteach in am polainómach, bheadh <math>\mathrm{P}\neq\mathrm{NP}</math>. Níor éirigh le taighdeoirí ceachtar toradh a chruthú go fóill.<ref name="Dean"/><ref name="Clay"/> == Laghduithe agus iomláine NP == Úsáidtear '''laghdú polainómach''' chun deacracht dhá fhadhb a chur i gcomparáid. I laghdú polainómach de chineál il-aonair, déantar claochlú inríomhaireachta in am polainómach ó ionchuir fadhb amháin go hionchuir fadhb eile agus caomhnaítear an freagra. Má tá fadhb amháin inlaghdaithe go fadhb eile ar an dóigh seo, d'fhéadfaí algartam éifeachtach don dara fadhb a úsáid chun an chéad fhadhb a réiteach go héifeachtúil freisin.<ref name="Dean"/> Má tá fadhbanna cinnidh <math>A</math> agus <math>B</math> ann, scríobhtar: <math display="block">A\leq_{\mathrm{P}}B</math> chun a chur in iúl gur féidir <math>A</math> a laghdú go <math>B</math> in am polainómach. Go foirmiúil, tá feidhm <math>f</math> ann ar féidir í a ríomh in am polainómach agus a chomhlíonann: <math display="block">x\in A\iff f(x)\in B.</math> Ciallaíonn sé sin go bhfuil freagra dearfach ag <math>x</math> i gcás <math>A</math> go díreach nuair a bhíonn freagra dearfach ag <math>f(x)</math> i gcás <math>B</math>.<ref name="Dean"/> Tugtar '''NP-dheacair''' ar fhadhb atá chomh deacair le gach fadhb in NP de réir laghduithe polainómacha. Ní gá go mbeadh fadhb NP-dheacair féin in NP. Tugtar '''NP-iomlán''' ar fhadhb atá NP-dheacair agus atá in NP freisin.<ref name="Dean"/> Tá fadhb na sásaimh Booleánaí (SAT), fadhb an chosáin Hamiltonaigh agus leagan cinnidh d'fhadhb an díoltóra taistil i measc na samplaí clasaiceacha d'fhadhbanna NP-iomlána. Léirigh Stephen Cook in 1971 agus Leonid Levin in 1973, go neamhspleách ar a chéile, go raibh fadhb SAT NP-iomlán. Leag Richard Karp bunchloch eile de theoiric na hiomláine NP in 1972 nuair a chuir sé 21 fhadhb i láthair arbh fhéidir a n-iomláine NP a chruthú trí laghduithe polainómacha.<ref name="Dean"/><ref name="Cook">Stephen A. Cook, [https://doi.org/10.1145/800157.805047 “The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures”], ''Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing'', ACM, 1971, lgh. 151–158.</ref><ref name="Karp">Richard M. Karp, “Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems”, in R. E. Miller agus J. W. Thatcher (eag.), ''Complexity of Computer Computations'', Plenum Press, 1972, lgh. 85–103, [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2001-2_9 DOI].</ref> Má fhaightear algartam in am polainómach do fhadhb NP-iomlán amháin, leanann as sin go bhfuil gach fadhb in NP inréitithe in am polainómach, rud a thabharfadh <math>\mathrm{P}=\mathrm{NP}</math>. Sin ceann de na cúiseanna a bhfuil tábhacht ag baint le fadhbanna NP-iomlána i dtaighde na ríomheolaíochta teoiriciúla.<ref name="Dean"/> == Feidhmeanna == Cuidíonn teoiric na castachta le hanailís a dhéanamh ar éifeachtúlacht algartam, ar fhadhbanna optamaithe agus ar na teorainneacha a bhaineann le ríomh fadhbanna móra. Úsáidtear laghduithe agus torthaí ar iomláine NP chun fadhbanna a bhfuil cuma an-éagsúil orthu a chur i gcomparáid ó thaobh na deacrachta ríomhaireachtúla de.<ref name="Dean"/> Tá an teoiric ábhartha don [[Cripteagrafaíocht|chripteagrafaíocht]] freisin, áit a mbraitheann slándáil roinnt modhanna ar an deacracht ríomhaireachtúil a bhaineann le fadhbanna ar leith. Ní leor aicmiú castachta amháin chun slándáil chórais chripteagrafaigh a ráthú: braitheann an measúnú ar na toimhdí slándála, ar an algartam agus ar na paraiméadair a úsáidtear.<ref name="Dean"/> == Féach freisin == * [[Algartam]] * [[Meaisín Turing]] * [[Ríomheolaíocht]] * [[Cripteagrafaíocht]] * [[Ríomhaireacht chandamach]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Computational complexity theory}} [[Catagóir:Eolaíochtaí foirmiúla]] [[Catagóir:Ríomhaireacht]] [[Catagóir:Ríomheolaíocht]] a7cx4rnuz3a7zoiiwtruc0fatoww2hc 1330576 1330575 2026-10-24T23:52:39Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 /* Feidhmeanna */ 1330576 wikitext text/x-wiki Is brainse den [[Ríomheolaíocht|ríomheolaíocht]] í an '''chastacht ríomhaireachtúil''' a dhéanann staidéar ar na hacmhainní ríomhaireachtúla a theastaíonn chun fadhbanna a réiteach. Díríonn sí go háirithe ar an am ríomhaireachta agus ar an gcuimhne a bhíonn de dhíth ar algartaim, agus ar an gcaoi a n-athraíonn na riachtanais sin de réir mhéid an ionchuir. Is é ceann de phríomhchuspóirí na teoirice castachta fadhbanna ríomhaireachtúla a aicmiú de réir a ndeacrachta agus teorainneacha na ríomhaireachta éifeachtaí a thuiscint.<ref name="Dean">Walter Dean, [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computational-complexity/ “Computational Complexity Theory”], ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', foilsíodh den chéad uair an 27 Iúil 2015; athbhreithniú substainteach an 20 Iúil 2016.</ref> == Acmhainní ríomhaireachtúla == Déantar castacht ríomhaireachtúil a thomhas trí mhéid na n-acmhainní a theastaíonn chun fadhb a réiteach a chur i gcomparáid le méid an ionchuir. Is gnách méid an ionchuir a shonrú mar fhad a léirithe, mar shampla líon na ngiotán atá riachtanach chun uimhir a ionchódú sa chóras dénártha.<ref name="Dean"/> Is iad castacht ama agus castacht spáis an dá phríomhchineál castachta a ndéantar staidéar orthu. * '''Castacht ama:''' líon na gcéimeanna bunúsacha ríomhaireachta a dhéanann algartam sula gcríochnaíonn sé a ríomh. * '''Castacht spáis:''' méid na cuimhne oibre a theastaíonn ón algartam le linn an ríofa. Déantar na tomhais seo i dtaca le samhail fhoirmiúil ríomhaireachta, amhail [[Meaisín Turing|meaisín Turing]]. Ligeann sé sin algartaim agus fadhbanna a chur i gcomparáid gan bheith ag brath ar luas ná ar ailtireacht ríomhaire ar leith.<ref name="Dean"/> Is minic a dhéantar castacht a mheas sa '''chás is measa''', is é sin an méid acmhainní is mó a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ag teastáil i gcás ionchuir d'fhad ar leith. Déantar staidéar freisin ar an gcás is fearr agus ar an meánchás. Braitheann rogha an tomhais ar an bhfadhb atá á scrúdú agus ar an gceist atá á cur ag an taighdeoir.<ref name="Dean"/> Tá difríocht idir anailís a dhéanamh ar algartam ar leith agus staidéar a dhéanamh ar chastacht faidhbe. Baineann an chéad cheann le hacmhainní algartaim áirithe; déanann an dara ceann iniúchadh ar na teorainneacha agus ar na modhanna is féidir a úsáid chun fadhb a réiteach faoi shamhail ríomhaireachtúil shonraithe. == Fás na castachta == Chun algartaim a chur i gcomparáid, déantar staidéar ar an gcaoi a bhfásann a gcuid riachtanas ama nó spáis de réir mar a mhéadaíonn méid an ionchuir. Úsáidtear '''nodaireacht O-mhór''' chun teorainn uachtarach ar an bhfás sin a chur in iúl. Mar shampla, cuireann <math>O(n)</math> fás líneach in iúl agus cuireann <math>O(n^2)</math> teorainn uachtarach chearnach in iúl, áit arb é <math>n</math> méid an ionchuir.<ref name="Dean"/> Go foirmiúil, i gcás feidhmeanna neamh-dhiúltacha <math>f</math> agus <math>g</math>, scríobhtar <math>f(n)\in O(g(n))</math> má tá tairiseach dearfach <math>c</math> agus slánuimhir <math>n_0</math> ann a fhágann, i gcás gach <math>n\geq n_0</math>, go bhfuil: <math display="block">0\leq f(n)\leq c\,g(n).</math> Ní thugann an nodaireacht O-mhór an líon beacht céimeanna a dhéanann algartam. Déanann sí cur síos ar fhás de réir mhéid an ionchuir, gan tionchar fachtóirí tairiseacha agus téarmaí ardoird a chur san áireamh ar an mbealach céanna a ndéantar iad a mheas i ríomh beacht. Úsáidtear an nodaireacht <math>\Theta(g(n))</math> nuair is féidir teorainn uachtarach agus teorainn íochtarach den ord fáis céanna a shuíomh.<ref name="Dean"/> [[Íomhá:Comparison computational complexity.svg|mion|deas|alt=Graf a dhéanann comparáid idir rátaí fáis feidhmeanna éagsúla de réir mhéid an ionchuir.|Comparáid ghrafach idir rátaí fáis coitianta, agus comhéifeacht 1 á glacadh leis. Foinse: Cmglee, Cómhaoin Wikimedia.]] I measc na rátaí fáis coitianta tá: * '''Tairiseach:''' <math>O(1)</math>. Ní bhraitheann líon na gcéimeanna ar mhéid an ionchuir. * '''Logartamach:''' <math>O(\log n)</math>. Fásann an líon céimeanna go mall de réir mar a mhéadaíonn an t-ionchur. * '''Líneach:''' <math>O(n)</math>. Fásann an líon céimeanna i gcomhréir le méid an ionchuir. * '''Cearnach:''' <math>O(n^2)</math>. Fásann an líon céimeanna de réir chearnóg mhéid an ionchuir. * '''Ciúbach:''' <math>O(n^3)</math>. Fásann an líon céimeanna de réir chiúb mhéid an ionchuir. * '''Easpónantúil:''' <math>O(2^n)</math>. Fásann an líon céimeanna go han-tapa de réir mar a mhéadaíonn an t-ionchur. Léiríonn na ríomhanna seo a leanas na luachanna a fhaightear do na feidhmeanna <math>n</math>, <math>n^2</math>, <math>n^3</math> agus <math>2^n</math>. Glactar le comhéifeacht 1 i ngach cás; is comparáid mhatamaiticiúil í seo, ní tomhas ar algartam ar leith. {| class="wikitable" |+ Comparáid idir roinnt feidhmeanna fáis ! Méid an ionchuir <math>n</math> !! <math>n</math> !! <math>n^2</math> !! <math>n^3</math> !! <math>2^n</math> |- | 10 || 10 || 100 || 1,000 || 1,024 |- | 20 || 20 || 400 || 8,000 || 1,048,576 |- | 30 || 30 || 900 || 27,000 || 1,073,741,824 |} Léiríonn an chomparáid go bhfásann <math>2^n</math> i bhfad níos tapúla ná na feidhmeanna polainómacha nuair a éiríonn an t-ionchur mór. Ní chiallaíonn sin go mbíonn gach algartam polainómach níos tapúla i ngach cás: braitheann feidhmíocht phraiticiúil freisin ar fhachtóirí tairiseacha, ar an gcéim sa pholainóm, agus ar chineál na n-ionchur.<ref name="Dean"/> Tá tábhacht le fad ionchódaithe na sonraí chomh maith. Má léirítear slánuimhir dheimhneach <math>N</math> sa chóras dénártha, is é an fad atá aici i ngiotáin: <math display="block">m=\lfloor\log_2 N\rfloor+1.</math> Dá bhrí sin, d'fhéadfadh algartam a dhéanann <math>N</math> céim a bheith easpónantúil i bhfad an ionchuir <math>m</math>, mar is féidir le <math>N</math> a bheith gar do <math>2^m</math>. Léiríonn sé sin cén fáth a gcaithfear méid an ionchuir a shainiú go cúramach agus castacht á tomhas.<ref name="Dean"/> Sa teoiric castachta, úsáidtear am polainómach mar shlat tomhais theoiriciúil ar éifeachtúlacht. Is ionann am polainómach agus teorainn ama den fhoirm <math>O(n^k)</math>, áit ar tairiseach neamhspleách ar mhéid an ionchuir é <math>k</math>. Ní ráthaíocht é sin go mbeidh gach algartam den sórt sin praiticiúil do mhéideanna móra ionchuir.<ref name="Dean"/> == Ranganna castachta == Is éard is rang castachta ann ná bailiúchán d'fhadhbanna ríomhaireachtúla a chomhlíonann critéir áirithe maidir leis na hacmhainní a theastaíonn chun iad a réiteach. Baineann cuid mhór den teoiric le '''fadhbanna cinnidh''', ina gcaithfear a chinneadh an bhfuil airí áirithe ag ionchur ar leith. Déantar a rang castachta a mheas i dtaca le samhail ríomhaireachtúil agus teorainneacha acmhainní sainithe.<ref name="Dean"/> Seo a leanas roinnt de na ranganna is mó a úsáidtear: {| class="wikitable" |+ Príomh-ranganna castachta ríomhaireachtúla ! Rang !! Sainmhíniú ginearálta |- | '''P''' | Na fadhbanna cinnidh is féidir le meaisín Turing cinntitheach a réiteach in am polainómach. |- | '''NP''' | Na fadhbanna cinnidh ar féidir teastas a dhearbhaíonn freagra dearfach a fhíorú in am polainómach. Is féidir an rang céanna a shainmhíniú trí mheaisíní Turing neamhchinntitheacha. |- | '''coNP''' | Na fadhbanna cinnidh a bhfuil a gcomhlánuithe in NP. |- | '''PSPACE''' | Na fadhbanna cinnidh is féidir a réiteach le méid spáis oibre atá teoranta ag polainóm i méid an ionchuir. |- | '''EXP''' | Na fadhbanna cinnidh is féidir a réiteach in am teoranta ag feidhm easpónantúil de mhéid an ionchuir. |} Tá na ranganna seo bunaithe ar shainmhínithe foirmiúla, agus ní ar thomhais ama ar ríomhairí fisiciúla. Is iad na cuimsithe seo a leanas cuid de na caidrimh bhunúsacha atá ar eolas: <math display="block">\mathrm{P}\subseteq\mathrm{NP}\subseteq\mathrm{PSPACE}\subseteq\mathrm{EXP}.</math> Is cuimsithe cruthaithe iad seo, ach ní fios an bhfuil gach cuimsiú ina chuimsiú docht, is é sin, an bhfuil na ranganna ar gach taobh éagsúil óna chéile. Tá sé cruthaithe, áfach, go bhfuil <math>\mathrm{P}\subsetneq\mathrm{EXP}</math>.<ref name="Dean"/> Tá gaol tábhachtach ann freisin idir NP agus coNP. Is féidir fadhb atá in P a réiteach go héifeachtúil, agus dá bhrí sin is féidir a freagra dearfach agus a freagra diúltach a fhíorú go héifeachtúil. Mar sin: <math display="block">\mathrm{P}\subseteq\mathrm{NP}\cap\mathrm{coNP}.</math> Ní fios an ionann NP agus coNP.<ref name="Dean"/> == Fadhb P agus NP == Ceann de na ceisteanna is cáiliúla sa teoiric castachta ná an ionann na ranganna P agus NP. Déanann P cur síos ar fhadhbanna cinnidh ar féidir iad a réiteach in am polainómach. I gcás NP, is féidir teastas cuí le haghaidh freagra dearfach a fhíorú in am polainómach. Is í an cheist, dá bhrí sin, an féidir gach réiteach a fhíorú go héifeachtúil a aimsiú go héifeachtúil freisin.<ref name="Dean"/> [[Íomhá:Complexity classes.svg|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid de ranganna P agus NP faoi thoimhde nach ionann P agus NP.|Léaráid thraidisiúnta de na ranganna P agus NP faoi thoimhde <math>\mathrm{P}\neq\mathrm{NP}</math>. Níor cruthaíodh an toimhde seo.]] Tá a fhios go bhfuil <math>\mathrm{P}\subseteq\mathrm{NP}</math>, ach níl sé cruthaithe an ionann an dá rang nó an bhfuil cuimsiú docht eatarthu. Is fadhb oscailte í an cheist go fóill agus tá sí ar liosta Fadhbanna na Mílaoise de chuid Institiúid Matamaitice Clay.<ref name="Clay">Clay Mathematics Institute, [https://www.claymath.org/millennium/p-vs-np/ “P vs NP”], ''The Millennium Prize Problems''.</ref> Dá mbeadh <math>\mathrm{P}=\mathrm{NP}</math>, bheadh gach fadhb in NP inréitithe in am polainómach. Os a choinne sin, dá gcruthófaí go bhfuil fadhb éigin in NP nach féidir a réiteach in am polainómach, bheadh <math>\mathrm{P}\neq\mathrm{NP}</math>. Níor éirigh le taighdeoirí ceachtar toradh a chruthú go fóill.<ref name="Dean"/><ref name="Clay"/> == Laghduithe agus iomláine NP == Úsáidtear '''laghdú polainómach''' chun deacracht dhá fhadhb a chur i gcomparáid. I laghdú polainómach de chineál il-aonair, déantar claochlú inríomhaireachta in am polainómach ó ionchuir fadhb amháin go hionchuir fadhb eile agus caomhnaítear an freagra. Má tá fadhb amháin inlaghdaithe go fadhb eile ar an dóigh seo, d'fhéadfaí algartam éifeachtach don dara fadhb a úsáid chun an chéad fhadhb a réiteach go héifeachtúil freisin.<ref name="Dean"/> Má tá fadhbanna cinnidh <math>A</math> agus <math>B</math> ann, scríobhtar: <math display="block">A\leq_{\mathrm{P}}B</math> chun a chur in iúl gur féidir <math>A</math> a laghdú go <math>B</math> in am polainómach. Go foirmiúil, tá feidhm <math>f</math> ann ar féidir í a ríomh in am polainómach agus a chomhlíonann: <math display="block">x\in A\iff f(x)\in B.</math> Ciallaíonn sé sin go bhfuil freagra dearfach ag <math>x</math> i gcás <math>A</math> go díreach nuair a bhíonn freagra dearfach ag <math>f(x)</math> i gcás <math>B</math>.<ref name="Dean"/> Tugtar '''NP-dheacair''' ar fhadhb atá chomh deacair le gach fadhb in NP de réir laghduithe polainómacha. Ní gá go mbeadh fadhb NP-dheacair féin in NP. Tugtar '''NP-iomlán''' ar fhadhb atá NP-dheacair agus atá in NP freisin.<ref name="Dean"/> Tá fadhb na sásaimh Booleánaí (SAT), fadhb an chosáin Hamiltonaigh agus leagan cinnidh d'fhadhb an díoltóra taistil i measc na samplaí clasaiceacha d'fhadhbanna NP-iomlána. Léirigh Stephen Cook in 1971 agus Leonid Levin in 1973, go neamhspleách ar a chéile, go raibh fadhb SAT NP-iomlán. Leag Richard Karp bunchloch eile de theoiric na hiomláine NP in 1972 nuair a chuir sé 21 fhadhb i láthair arbh fhéidir a n-iomláine NP a chruthú trí laghduithe polainómacha.<ref name="Dean"/><ref name="Cook">Stephen A. Cook, [https://doi.org/10.1145/800157.805047 “The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures”], ''Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing'', ACM, 1971, lgh. 151–158.</ref><ref name="Karp">Richard M. Karp, “Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems”, in R. E. Miller agus J. W. Thatcher (eag.), ''Complexity of Computer Computations'', Plenum Press, 1972, lgh. 85–103, [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2001-2_9 DOI].</ref> Má fhaightear algartam in am polainómach do fhadhb NP-iomlán amháin, leanann as sin go bhfuil gach fadhb in NP inréitithe in am polainómach, rud a thabharfadh <math>\mathrm{P}=\mathrm{NP}</math>. Sin ceann de na cúiseanna a bhfuil tábhacht ag baint le fadhbanna NP-iomlána i dtaighde na ríomheolaíochta teoiriciúla.<ref name="Dean"/> == Feidhmeanna == Cuidíonn teoiric na castachta le hanailís a dhéanamh ar éifeachtúlacht algartam, ar fhadhbanna optamaithe agus ar na teorainneacha a bhaineann le ríomh fadhbanna móra. Úsáidtear laghduithe agus torthaí ar iomláine NP chun fadhbanna a bhfuil cuma an-éagsúil orthu a chur i gcomparáid ó thaobh na deacrachta ríomhaireachtúla de.<ref name="Dean"/> Tá an teoiric ábhartha don [[Cripteagrafaíocht|chripteagrafaíocht]] freisin, áit a mbraitheann slándáil roinnt modhanna ar an deacracht ríomhaireachtúil a bhaineann le fadhbanna ar leith.<ref name="Dean"/> == Féach freisin == * [[Algartam]] * [[Meaisín Turing]] * [[Ríomheolaíocht]] * [[Cripteagrafaíocht]] * [[Ríomhaireacht chandamach]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Computational complexity theory}} [[Catagóir:Eolaíochtaí foirmiúla]] [[Catagóir:Ríomhaireacht]] [[Catagóir:Ríomheolaíocht]] 0j7ug97aycgqki3hktzuclaymvniptm 0 128676 1330578 2026-10-25T00:11:02Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 Cruthaíodh an t-alt ar nodaireacht Big O le míniúcháin, samplaí matamaiticiúla agus léaráidí. 1330578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Is nodaireacht mhatamaiticiúil í an nodaireacht Big O''' (nó '''O-mhór''') a úsáidtear sa [[Ríomheolaíocht|ríomheolaíocht]] agus sa mhatamaitic chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar ráta fáis feidhme de réir mar a mhéadaíonn méid an ionchuir. Úsáidtear í go háirithe chun teorainn uachtarach ar an am ríomhaireachtúil nó ar an gcuimhne a theastaíonn ó [[Algartam|algartam]] a chur in iúl. Cuidíonn sí le héifeachtúlacht algartam a mheas gan bheith ag brath ar shonraíochtaí ríomhaire ar leith.<ref name="NIST">Paul E. Black, [https://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/bigOnotation.html “big-O notation”], ''Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures'', National Institute of Standards and Technology, 6 Meán Fómhair 2019.</ref> == Sainmhíniú foirmiúil == I dteoiric na castachta ríomhaireachtúla, úsáidtear an nodaireacht chun dhá fheidhm a chur i gcomparáid de réir a bhfáis. Má tá <math>f(n)</math> agus <math>g(n)</math> ina bhfeidhmeanna neamh-dhiúltacha, scríobhtar <math>f(n)\in O(g(n))</math> nuair atá tairisigh dheimhneacha <math>c</math> agus <math>n_0</math> ann sa chaoi go bhfuil: <math display="block">0\leq f(n)\leq c\,g(n)\quad\text{do gach }n\geq n_0.</math> Is éard atá i gceist leis sin ná go bhfuil <math>f(n)</math> teoranta ó thuas ag iolraí tairiseach de <math>g(n)</math> nuair a bhíonn <math>n</math> sách mór. Ní bhraitheann na tairisigh <math>c</math> agus <math>n_0</math> ar <math>n</math> féin.<ref name="NIST"/><ref name="Cornell">“3.2 Scaling analysis”, ''Numerical Methods for Data Science'', Cornell University, [https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~bindel/nmds/00-Background/02-Performance.html anailís ar scálú agus ar nodaireacht ord fáis].</ref> Is é <math>n</math> méid an ionchuir, agus is é <math>g(n)</math> an fheidhm a úsáidtear mar theorainn uachtarach. I gcás liosta sonraí, mar shampla, is féidir gurb é líon na míreanna sa liosta an luach <math>n</math>. I gcás ionchur uimhriúil, d'fhéadfadh méid an ionchuir tagairt a dhéanamh don líon giotán atá riachtanach chun é a léiriú. Ní hionann <math>O(g(n))</math> agus líon beacht na n-oibríochtaí a dhéanann algartam. Tugann sé teorainn ar an bhfás, agus is minic a úsáidtear an leagan is déine den teorainn sin chun castacht a chur in iúl go hachomair.<ref name="NIST"/> == Rátaí fáis coitianta == Braitheann an rangú a thugtar d'algartam ar an gcaoi a n-athraíonn a riachtanais ríomhaireachtúla de réir mhéid an ionchuir. Seo a leanas roinnt de na rátaí fáis is coitianta. {| class="wikitable" |+ Samplaí de rátaí fáis ! Nodaireacht !! Cineál fáis !! Cur síos |- | <math>O(1)</math> | Tairiseach | Ní fhásann an líon oibríochtaí de réir mhéid an ionchuir. |- | <math>O(\log n)</math> | Logartamach | Fásann an líon oibríochtaí go mall; tarlaíonn sé seo, mar shampla, nuair a leathnaítear an spás cuardaigh nó nuair a laghdaítear é faoina leath ag gach céim. |- | <math>O(n)</math> | Líneach | Fásann an líon oibríochtaí i gcomhréir le méid an ionchuir. |- | <math>O(n\log n)</math> | Líneach-logartamach | Fásann an líon oibríochtaí níos tapúla ná líneach, ach níos moille ná cearnach. |- | <math>O(n^2)</math> | Cearnach | Fásann an líon oibríochtaí de réir chearnóg mhéid an ionchuir. |- | <math>O(n^3)</math> | Ciúbach | Fásann an líon oibríochtaí de réir chiúb mhéid an ionchuir. |- | <math>O(2^n)</math> | Easpónantúil | Fásann an líon oibríochtaí go han-tapa de réir mar a mhéadaíonn an t-ionchur. |} Is léirithe tipiciúla iad na feidhmeanna seo ar rátaí fáis, seachas tomhais ar am rite iarbhír. Braitheann feidhmíocht phraiticiúil freisin ar fhachtóirí tairiseacha, ar chur chun feidhme an algartaim agus ar an gcóras ríomhaireachta a úsáidtear.<ref name="Cornell"/> [[Íomhá:Comparison computational complexity.svg|mion|deas|alt=Graf a dhéanann comparáid idir rátaí fáis éagsúla de réir mhéid an ionchuir.|Comparáid idir rátaí fáis feidhmeanna coitianta, agus comhéifeacht 1 á glacadh leis. Léaráid le Cmglee, ar fáil faoi cheadúnas CC BY-SA 4.0.]] === Comparáid uimhriúil === Is féidir an difríocht idir feidhmeanna fáis a fheiceáil trí luachanna éagsúla de <math>n</math> a chur isteach sna foirmlí. Sa tábla seo, cuirtear <math>n</math>, <math>n\log_2 n</math>, <math>n^2</math> agus <math>2^n</math> i gcomparáid. {| class="wikitable" |+ Luachanna feidhmeanna éagsúla ! <math>n</math> !! <math>n</math> !! <math>n\log_2 n</math> !! <math>n^2</math> !! <math>2^n</math> |- | 8 || 8 || 24 || 64 || 256 |- | 16 || 16 || 64 || 256 || 65,536 |- | 32 || 32 || 160 || 1,024 || 4,294,967,296 |} Léiríonn an chomparáid go méadaíonn <math>2^n</math> i bhfad níos tapúla ná na feidhmeanna eile sa tábla. Is luachanna matamaiticiúla iad seo, áfach, agus ní líon iarbhír na n-oibríochtaí in aon algartam ar leith. == Sampla matamaiticiúil == Glactar leis go ndéanann algartam líon oibríochtaí atá curtha in iúl ag an bhfeidhm seo a leanas, áit a léiríonn <math>n</math> méid an ionchuir: <math display="block">T(n)=3n^2+5n+2.</math> Chun a chruthú go mbaineann <math>T(n)</math> le <math>O(n^2)</math>, is féidir an fheidhm a chur i gcomparáid le <math>10n^2</math>. I gcás gach slánuimhir <math>n\geq1</math>, tá <math>n\leq n^2</math> agus <math>1\leq n^2</math>. Dá bhrí sin: <math display="block">\begin{aligned} T(n)&=3n^2+5n+2\\ &\leq3n^2+5n^2+2n^2\\ &=10n^2. \end{aligned}</math> Is féidir, mar sin, <math>c=10</math> agus <math>n_0=1</math> a roghnú sa sainmhíniú foirmiúil. Leanann as sin go bhfuil: <math display="block">T(n)\in O(n^2).</math> Ní hé sin an t-aon teorainn uachtarach is féidir a thabhairt ar an bhfeidhm. Tá sí in <math>O(n^3)</math> freisin, mar shampla, ach is teorainn níos cruinne í <math>O(n^2)</math> dá ráta fáis. Go deimhin, ós rud é go bhfuil <math>3n^2\leq T(n)\leq10n^2</math> do gach <math>n\geq1</math>, is féidir a rá freisin go bhfuil: <math display="block">T(n)\in\Theta(n^2).</math> == Úsáid san anailís ar algartaim == Úsáidtear nodaireacht Big O chun castacht algartam a chur in iúl, go háirithe castacht ama agus castacht spáis. Is minic a dhéantar anailís ar an gcás is measa, is é sin an méid acmhainní is mó a theastaíonn i measc na n-ionchur uile a bhfuil an méid céanna acu. Ní hionann Big O agus an cás is measa féin, áfach: is féidir an nodaireacht a úsáid chun teorainn uachtarach a chur ar an gcás is fearr, ar an meánchás nó ar aon fheidhm chostais eile.<ref name="NIST"/><ref name="Cornell"/> Mar shampla, d'fhéadfadh cuardach líneach ar liosta de <math>n</math> mír gach mír a scrúdú, rud a thugann teorainn ama <math>O(n)</math>. I gcuardach dénártha ar liosta ordaithe, laghdaítear an líon míreanna atá fós le cuardach faoina leath ag gach céim; dá bhrí sin, is leor líon céimeanna atá comhréireach le <math>\log_2 n</math>, rud a thugann castacht ama <math>O(\log n)</math>.<ref name="Cornell"/> Ní chiallaíonn teorainn <math>O(n^2)</math>, mar shampla, go ndéanann algartam <math>n^2</math> oibríocht go beacht. Ciallaíonn sí go bhfuil a líon oibríochtaí teoranta ó thuas ag tairiseach iolraithe de <math>n^2</math> nuair a bhíonn <math>n</math> sách mór. Is féidir le dhá algartam a bhfuil an nodaireacht Big O chéanna acu feidhmíocht phraiticiúil an-éagsúil a léiriú.<ref name="NIST"/><ref name="Cornell"/> == Gaol le nodaireachtaí eile == Tá nodaireachtaí eile ann a chuireann teorainneacha ar fhás feidhmeanna in iúl. Tá na cinn seo a leanas gaolmhar le Big O, ach ní hionann a gcuid bríonna. {| class="wikitable" |+ Nodaireachtaí ord fáis ! Nodaireacht !! Brí |- | <math>O(g(n))</math> | Teorainn uachtarach: ní fhásann an fheidhm níos tapúla ná tairiseach iolraithe de <math>g(n)</math> sa bhfad. |- | <math>\Omega(g(n))</math> | Teorainn íochtarach: ní fhásann an fheidhm níos moille ná tairiseach iolraithe de <math>g(n)</math> sa bhfad. |- | <math>\Theta(g(n))</math> | Teorainn dhocht ar ord an fháis: tá teorainn uachtarach agus teorainn íochtarach den ord céanna ag an bhfeidhm. |- | <math>o(g(n))</math> | Fásann an fheidhm níos moille ná <math>g(n)</math> sa teorainn. |- | <math>\omega(g(n))</math> | Fásann an fheidhm níos tapúla ná <math>g(n)</math> sa teorainn. |} Úsáidtear Big O go minic nuair is leor teorainn uachtarach a shuíomh, ach nuair is gá ráta fáis chomh cruinn agus is féidir a lua, is fearr <math>\Theta</math> a úsáid má tá teorainn uachtarach agus teorainn íochtarach den ord céanna cruthaithe. Tá na difríochtaí sin tábhachtach chun torthaí anailíse algartam a chur in iúl go beacht.<ref name="Knuth">Donald E. Knuth, [https://doi.org/10.1145/1008328.1008329 “Big Omicron and Big Omega and Big Theta”], ''SIGACT News'', iml. 8, uimh. 2, 1976, lgh. 18–24.</ref><ref name="Cornell"/> == Teorainneacha na nodaireachta == Is uirlis theoiriciúil í Big O. Trí fhachtóirí tairiseacha agus téarmaí fáis nach mbíonn chomh suntasach céanna san fhad a fhágáil ar lár, is féidir patrún ginearálta fáis a chur in iúl go soiléir. Ní thugann sí, áfach, meastachán iomlán ar an am a thógfaidh clár ar ríomhaire ar leith. Féadfaidh difríochtaí i gcuimhne, i bpróiseálaí, i gcur chun feidhme agus i saintréithe na sonraí tionchar suntasach a imirt ar an am rite.<ref name="Cornell"/> == Féach freisin == * [[Algartam]] * [[Ríomheolaíocht]] * [[Anailís uimhriúil]] * [[Meaisín Turing]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Computational complexity theory}} [[Catagóir:Algartaim]] [[Catagóir:Matamaitic]] [[Catagóir:Ríomheolaíocht]] jd1pqryvii56cjplc3b10r9nukqd3wp 0 128677 1330579 2026-10-25T01:11:01Z Sanduíche de Presunto 78137 Rinneadh alt as an mbrúchtadh matamaiticiúil seo. Tá mo mhéara ar stailc. 1330579 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teoiric na ríomhaireachta''' is ea brainse den [[ríomheolaíocht]] theoiriciúil a dhéanann staidéar matamaiticiúil ar nádúr agus ar theorainneacha na ríomhaireachta. Déanann sí iniúchadh ar na fadhbanna is féidir a réiteach trí algartam, ar na samhlacha matamaiticiúla a úsáidtear chun ríomhaireacht a léiriú, agus ar na hacmhainní a theastaíonn chun fadhbanna a réiteach. Is iad teoiric na n-uathmat, teoiric na hinríomhaireachta agus teoiric na castachta ríomhaireachtúla cuid dá príomhréimsí.<ref name="Sipser">Michael Sipser, ''Introduction to the Theory of Computation'', 3ú heagrán, Cengage Learning, 2012. [https://math.mit.edu/~sipser/book.html]</ref><ref name="Chen">Hubie Chen, ''Computability and Complexity'', The MIT Press, 2023. [https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262048620/computability-and-complexity/]</ref> == Príomhréimsí == Déantar idirdhealú idir na príomhréimsí de réir na gceisteanna a scrúdaíonn siad. Déanann teoiric na n-uathmat agus teangacha foirmiúla staidéar ar mhúnlaí ríomhaireachtúla agus ar na rialacha lena sainítear teangacha. Fiosraíonn teoiric na hinríomhaireachta na teorainneacha atá le réiteach fadhbanna trí algartam. Déanann teoiric na castachta ríomhaireachtúla comparáid idir an méid ama agus cuimhne a theastaíonn chun fadhbanna inríofa a réiteach.<ref name="Sipser" /><ref name="Chen" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ Príomhréimsí theoiric na ríomhaireachta ! Réimse !! Príomhcheist !! Samplaí de na coincheapa |- | Teoiric na n-uathmat agus teangacha foirmiúla | Conas is féidir ríomhaireacht agus patrúin shiombalacha a shamhaltú? | Uathmata críochta, gramadaí foirmiúla agus teangacha rialta |- | Teoiric na hinríomhaireachta | Cé na fadhbanna is féidir a réiteach le haltgartam? | Meaisíní Turing, feidhmeanna inríofa agus fadhb an stadaithe |- | Teoiric na castachta ríomhaireachtúla | Cé mhéad ama nó cuimhne a theastaíonn chun fadhb a réiteach? | Castacht ama, castacht spáis agus na haicmí P agus NP |} == Teoiric na n-uathmat agus teangacha foirmiúla == Déanann teoiric na n-uathmat staidéar ar mheaisíní teibí ar féidir a n-iompar a shainiú le tacar rialacha. Samhail bhunúsach is ea an [[uathmat críochta]], a bhfuil líon críochta staideanna aici. Ag gach céim, athraíonn sí staid de réir na siombailí a fhaigheann sí mar ionchur agus na rialacha a rialaíonn na haistrithe idir staideanna.<ref name="Esparza">Javier Esparza agus Michael Blondin, ''Automata Theory: An Algorithmic Approach'', The MIT Press, 2023. [https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262048637/automata-theory/]</ref> [[Íomhá:Finite-state machine state-diagram.png|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid de mheaisín críochta a bhfuil staideanna agus aistrithe idir na staideanna ann.|Léaráid de mheaisín críochta. Le Maggyero, faoi cheadúnas CC BY-SA 4.0.]] Is éard is teanga fhoirmiúil ann ná tacar teaghrán atá tógtha as siombailí ó aibítir shainithe. Leagann gramadach fhoirmiúil síos rialacha chun na teaghráin a ghiniúint, agus is féidir uathmata a úsáid chun a dheimhniú an mbaineann teaghrán áirithe leis an teanga sin. Déantar staidéar ar na gaolta idir gramadaí agus uathmata chun aicmí teangacha a shainiú agus a rangú.<ref name="Esparza" /><ref name="Sipser" /> Tá feidhmeanna praiticiúla ag na coincheapa seo i ndearadh tiomsaitheoirí agus i bpróiseáil teangacha ríomhchlárúcháin. Úsáidtear meaisíní críochta, mar shampla, chun comharthaí a aithint agus chun próisis a bhfuil líon teoranta staideanna acu a shamhaltú. Is féidir samhlacha níos cumhachtaí, amhail uathmata le stór cruachta, a úsáid chun teangacha níos casta a aithint.<ref name="Esparza" /> == Inríomhaireacht agus teorainneacha na ríomhaireachta == Déanann teoiric na hinríomhaireachta staidéar ar na fadhbanna ar féidir nós imeachta éifeachtach a chur ar fáil dóibh agus ar na fadhbanna nach féidir a réiteach go ginearálta ar an mbealach sin. Chun an coincheap sin a scrúdú go foirmiúil, úsáidtear samhlacha matamaiticiúla den ríomhaireacht, go háirithe an [[Meaisín Turing]].<ref name="TuringSEP">“Turing Machines”, ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', athbhreithnithe go substaintiúil an 21 Bealtaine 2025. [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-machine/]</ref> [[Íomhá:Turing machine.png|mion|clé|alt:Léaráid scéimreach de mheaisín Turing le téip, ceann léitheoireachta agus scríbhneoireachta, agus aonad rialaithe.|Léiriú scéimreach ar mheaisín Turing. Tá an comhad sa réimse poiblí.]] Is meaisín teibí é meaisín Turing a úsáideann téip roinnte ina chealla, ceann a léann agus a scríobhann siombailí, agus aonad rialaithe a athraíonn staid de réir rialacha. Cé gur samhail mhatamaiticiúil í seachas dearadh ríomhaire fisiciúil ar leith, tugann sí creat beacht chun cumais agus teorainneacha na ríomhaireachta a scrúdú.<ref name="TuringSEP" /> Tá baint ag an samhail seo leis an [[Tráchtas Church–Turing|tráchtas Church–Turing]]. Cuireann an tráchtas in iúl gur féidir gach ríomhaireacht a dhéantar trí ghnáthnós imeachta éifeachtach a chur in iúl le meaisín Turing. Forbraíodh foirmeacha éagsúla den tráchtas go neamhspleách ag Alonzo Church agus Alan Turing sna 1930idí. Is tráchtas é faoi bhrí an choincheapa neamhfhoirmiúil de ríomhaireacht éifeachtach, seachas teoirim a leanann ó shainmhíniú matamaiticiúil amháin.<ref name="ChurchTuringSEP">“The Church-Turing Thesis”, ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', ''Spring 2026 Edition''. [https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2026/entries/church-turing/]</ref> === Fadhb an stadaithe === Sampla cáiliúil de theorainn na ríomhaireachta is ea [[Fadhb an stadaithe|fadhb an stadaithe]]. Fiafraíonn sí an féidir algartam ginearálta a chruthú a chinnfeadh, i gcás gach cláir agus gach ionchuir, an stopfaidh an clár tar éis líon críochta céimeanna nó an leanfaidh sé ar aghaidh gan stad. Léirigh Alan Turing nach bhfuil algartam den sórt sin ann a oibríonn do gach clár agus gach ionchur.<ref name="TuringSEP" /> Ní chiallaíonn sé sin nach féidir a fháil amach an stopann gach clár ar leith. I gcás roinnt clár agus ionchur, is furasta an toradh a chinneadh. Is é an toradh a bhaineann le fadhb an stadaithe ná nach féidir aon nós imeachta ginearálta amháin a bheith ceart i ngach cás.<ref name="TuringSEP" /> Ní hionann neamh-inríomhaireacht agus castacht ard. Baineann neamh-inríomhaireacht le dodhéantacht réiteach algartamach ginearálta; baineann castacht le méid na n-acmhainní a theastaíonn chun fadhb atá inríofa a réiteach. D'fhéadfadh fadhb a bheith inríofa ach a bheith róchostasach lena réiteach ar ionchuir mhóra.<ref name="Chen" /><ref name="ComplexitySEP" /> == Castacht ríomhaireachtúil == Déanann teoiric na castachta ríomhaireachtúla staidéar ar an ngaol idir méid ionchuir agus na hacmhainní a úsáideann algartam. Is iad castacht ama agus castacht spáis dhá thomhas bhunúsacha: tomhaiseann an chéad cheann líon na gcéimeanna ríomhaireachtúla, agus tomhaiseann an dara ceann an méid cuimhne a bhíonn de dhíth. Braitheann na tomhais bheachta ar an tsamhail ríomhaireachta agus ar an gcaoi a ndéantar méid an ionchuir a shainmhíniú.<ref name="ComplexitySEP">Walter Dean, “Computational Complexity Theory”, ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', ''Fall 2025 Edition''. [https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2025/entries/computational-complexity/]</ref> === Nodaireacht asymptótach === Úsáidtear an [[Nodaireacht Big O|nodaireacht Big O]] chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar uasteorainn ar ráta fáis feidhme, gan aird a thabhairt ar fhachtóirí tairiseacha agus ar théarmaí ar ord níos ísle. Mar shampla, má tá líon na gcéimeanna a dhéanann algartam léirithe leis an bhfeidhm seo, <math>T(n)=3n^2+5n+2,</math> áit arb é <math>n</math> méid an ionchuir, is féidir a thaispeáint go bhfásann an fheidhm ar ord cearnach. I gcás <math>n\geq 1</math>, tá <math>n\leq n^2</math> agus <math>1\leq n^2</math>, mar sin: <math> \begin{aligned} T(n)&=3n^2+5n+2\\ &\leq 3n^2+5n^2+2n^2\\ &=10n^2. \end{aligned} </math> Dá bhrí sin, is uasteorainn den ord <math>n^2</math> í an fheidhm. Ós rud é go bhfuil <math>T(n)\geq 3n^2</math> freisin do <math>n\geq 1</math>, is fíor go bhfuil <math>T(n)\in\Theta(n^2)</math>. Ciallaíonn sé sin go bhfuil uasteorainn agus íosteorainn dheimhneacha den ord céanna ag an bhfeidhm.<ref name="Sipser" /><ref name="ComplexitySEP" /> [[Íomhá:Comparison computational complexity.svg|mion|deas|alt:Graf a dhéanann comparáid idir rátaí fáis amhail logartamach, líneach, cearnach agus easpónantúil.|Comparáid idir rátaí fáis feidhmeanna a úsáidtear san anailís ar chastacht algartam. Le Cmglee, faoi cheadúnas CC BY-SA 4.0.]] Léirítear sa tábla seo roinnt feidhmeanna a úsáidtear chun ráta fáis a chur i gcomparáid. Is luachanna samplacha iad na figiúirí, agus glactar leis go bhfuil comhéifeacht aonaid ag gach feidhm. {| class="wikitable" |+ Samplaí de rátaí fáis ! Feidhm !! <math>n=10</math> !! <math>n=100</math> !! Aicme fáis |- | <math>1</math> || 1 || 1 || Tairiseach, <math>O(1)</math> |- | <math>\log_2 n</math> || ≈ 3.32 || ≈ 6.64 || Logartamach, <math>O(\log n)</math> |- | <math>n</math> || 10 || 100 || Líneach, <math>O(n)</math> |- | <math>n\log_2 n</math> || ≈ 33.2 || ≈ 664.4 || Líneach-logartamach, <math>O(n\log n)</math> |- | <math>n^2</math> || 100 || 10 000 || Cearnach, <math>O(n^2)</math> |- | <math>2^n</math> || 1 024 || ≈ <math>1.27\times10^{30}</math> || Easpónantúil, <math>O(2^n)</math> |} Ní tomhais ama iad na luachanna sin i soicindí; léiríonn siad luachanna na bhfeidhmeanna samplacha amháin. Braitheann am forghníomhaithe iarbhír ar an algartam, ar an ionchur agus ar an gcóras ríomhaireachta. Mar sin féin, léiríonn an chomparáid cén fáth a mbíonn rátaí fáis éagsúla tábhachtach nuair a éiríonn ionchuir níos mó.<ref name="ComplexitySEP" /> === Na haicmí P agus NP === Is aicmí fadhbanna cinnteoireachta iad P agus NP, agus is coincheapa lárnacha iad i dteoiric na castachta.<ref name="ComplexitySEP" /> * Is éard atá in **P** ná na fadhbanna cinnteoireachta is féidir a réiteach in am iltéarmach de réir mhéid an ionchuir ar mheaisín Turing deimhneach. * Is éard atá in **NP** ná na fadhbanna cinnteoireachta ar féidir a réiteach in am iltéarmach ar mheaisín Turing neamhdheimhnitheach. Go coibhéiseach, má tá freagra dearfach ar fhadhb den sórt sin, is féidir deimhniú oiriúnach a sheiceáil in am iltéarmach. Tá gach fadhb in P in NP, ach ní fios an bhfuil na haicmí cothrom lena chéile. Is í an cheist <math>P=NP?</math> an cheist an féidir gach fadhb a bhfuil réiteach molta di furasta a fhíorú a réiteach chomh héifeachtach céanna.<ref name="ComplexitySEP" /><ref name="Clay">Clay Mathematics Institute, “P vs NP”. [https://www.claymath.org/millennium/p-vs-np/]</ref> Tá tábhacht ar leith ag baint le fadhbanna NP-iomlána. Is fadhbanna iad sin atá in NP agus a bhfuil gach fadhb in NP inlaghdaithe chucu in am iltéarmach. Dá mbeadh algartam in am iltéarmach ann do fhadhb NP-iomlán amháin, bheadh réiteach iltéarmach ann do gach fadhb in NP, rud a thabharfadh <math>P=NP</math> dá bharr.<ref name="ComplexitySEP" /><ref name="Clay" /> == Stair == Tháinig forbairt ar bhunús teoiriciúil na ríomhaireachta sna 1930idí i gcomhthéacs na loighce matamaiticiúla agus na bhfadhbanna faoi theorainneacha modhanna foirmiúla. I 1936, d'fhoilsigh Alonzo Church obair ar an gcoincheap de ríomhaireacht éifeachtach, agus chuir Alan Turing samhail mheaisín theibí chun cinn ina pháipéar ar uimhreacha inríofa. D'fhorbair siad a gcur chuige go neamhspleách, agus ba bhunús iad do staidéar foirmiúil na hinríomhaireachta.<ref name="ChurchTuringSEP" /><ref name="TuringSEP" /> Tháinig teoiric na n-uathmat agus teangacha foirmiúla, chomh maith le teoiric na castachta, chun cinn mar réimsí níos leithne den ríomheolaíocht theoiriciúil. Chuir siad modhanna ar fáil chun struchtúr teangacha, cumas ríomhaireachta agus acmhainní algartamacha a scrúdú go matamaiticiúil.<ref name="Sipser" /><ref name="Chen" /> == Feidhmeanna == Cé go mbaineann teoiric na ríomhaireachta le samhlacha teibí agus le cruthúnais mhatamaiticiúla, tá feidhmeanna éagsúla aici sa ríomheolaíocht agus in innealtóireacht bogearraí. Ina measc tá: * dearadh agus anailís ar algartaim; * dearadh tiomsaitheoirí agus próiseáil teangacha ríomhchlárúcháin; * fíorú foirmiúil ar chláir agus ar chórais; * anailís ar an am agus ar an gcuimhne a theastaíonn chun fadhbanna a réiteach; * staidéar ar fhadhbanna nach féidir a réiteach go huathoibríoch i ngach cás; * rangú fadhbanna de réir a gcastachta agus de réir na n-acmhainní a theastaíonn.<ref name="Sipser" /><ref name="Esparza" /><ref name="ComplexitySEP" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Ríomheolaíocht]] * [[Algartam]] * [[Nodaireacht Big O]] * [[Meaisín Turing]] * [[Fadhb an stadaithe]] * [[Tráchtas Church–Turing]] * [[Teanga fhoirmiúil]] * [[Loighic mhatamaiticiúil]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Catcómhaoin|Theory of computation}} [[Catagóir:Ríomheolaíocht]] [[Catagóir:Matamaitic]] 6xoyn1qn3p26g4l7sv6te3nf3gmrcwo