Gaeilge na hAlban

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    <title>Gaeilge na hAlban</title>
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Ceann de na [[teangacha Gaelacha]] í '''Gaeilge na hAlban'''&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Gaeilge%20na%20hAlban/|title=“Gaeilge na hAlban” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2024-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''Gàidhlig''', mar a deir lucht labhartha na teanga féin. Foghrúpa de chuid na d[[teangacha Ceilteacha]] is ea na teangacha Gaelacha, mar atá, [[Gaeilge|Gaeilge na hÉireann]], Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Gaeilge Mhanann]]. Is iad na teangacha Briotánacha, mar atá, [[Breatnais]] na [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breataine Bige]], an [[Coirnis|Choirnis]] i g[[Corn na Breataine]], agus an [[Briotáinis|Bhriotáinis]] sa [[An Bhriotáin|Bhriotáin]], na trí theanga chomhaimseartha san fhoghrúpa seo. Taobh istigh de gach foghrúpa den bheirt, tá na teangacha sách intuigthe ag cainteoirí a chéile, ach is deacair, fiú, an gaol atá ag an dá fhoghrúpa le chéile a aithint gan tuiscint éigin a bheith agat don teangeolaíocht Cheilteach.

Is í Gaeilge na hAlban teanga na n[[Gael]] in Albain, agus cé gur i nGarbhchríocha na hAlban a mhaireann sí anois, bhí Gaeilge i bhfad á labhairt sa chuid is mó den tír ar feadh céadta.

Tá áit ar leith aici i gcultúr na hAlban, agus aithníonn an chuid is mó de mhuintir na hAlban é seo, eadar Ghael agus Ghall. Tá saibhreas ''beul-aithris'' sa Ghaeilge, óir ba í teanga na mbard sa [[Gàidhealtachd|Ghàidhealtachd]] ar feadh na gcéadta bliain. Cuireadh muintir na [[Gàidhealtachd]] trí chéile i ndiaidh
Chath Chùl Lodail agus [[Fuadach na nGael|Fhuadach na nGael]], agus chuaidh a dteanga agus a gcuid nósanna i léig tar éis na dtubaistí sin.


Ins an lá atá inniu fhéin, tá dímheas ag cuid de mhuintir na hAlban ar an Ghaeilge, agus iad aineolach ar shaibhreas na teanga agus a traidisiún liteartha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iontaobhas daonlathach Gàidhlig molta i staidéar nua|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2020/0623/1149212-gaeilge-na-halban-le-dul-in-eag-gan-idirghabhail-taighde-nua/|date=2020-06-23|language=ga|author=Ciarán Lenoach}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

[[Íomhá:ScotlandGaelic2001.gif|mion|clé|[[Gaeilgeoir]]í in Albain i [[2001]]]]

== Staid ==

[[File:Canongate Entrance, Scottish Parliament - geograph.org.uk - 739828.jpg|thumb|Parlaimint na hAlban]]
Is léir go bhfuil Gaeilge na hAlban i dtrioblóid mar theanga phobail sna 2020idí. Sna h[[Na h-Eileanan Siar|Eileanan Siar]], an ceantar is láidre ó thaobh na teanga de, níl Gaeilge á labhairt ag ach 45% na ndaoine, cé go bhfuil ábaltacht éigin sa teanga ag mórán den chuid eile.    

I ndiaidh neamhshuime agus dímheasa ar feadh na gcéadta bliain ó thaobh rialtais éagsúla, fuair Gaeilge na hAlban roinnt aitheantais oifigiúil sa 21ú haois. Tá sí á múineadh sna scoileanna, ina measc scoileanna mar ar mheán teagaisc í.  

{{Main|Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban}}

Tá feidhm á baint aisti freisin i rialtas áitiúil, Comhairle nan Eilean. Tá stáisiún raidió sa teanga ag an [[BBC]], Radio nan Gàidheal (agus bíonn comhchraoltacháin go rialta aige le [[Raidió na Gaeltachta]], seirbhís raidió Gaeilge na hÉireann) Bíonn cláracha teilifíse sa teanga ar an BBC agus ar stáisiún [[ITV]], go minic le fotheidil as Béarla. Tá stiúidió i Steornabhadh ag Grampian Television, a chuireann seirbhís ITV ar fáil i dtuaisceart na hAlban. 

Bunaíodh BBC Alba sa bhliain 2008, cainéal teilifíse a chraolann cláracha úra i nGaeilge na hAlban, chomh maith le cartúin ath-ghuthaithe sa teanga.


[[Íomhá:Sanas.jpg|mion|Tá úsáid na Gaeilge ar rudaí oifigiúla dála comharthaí bóthair níos coitianta ná mar a bhí sí tráth]]
Tá comharthaí bóthair Ghaeilge á gcrochadh ar fud na Gaeltachta de réir a chéile agus, de ghnáth, chan é ach glacadh leis an litriú ceart de na logainmneacha atá i gceist. Ach fiú leis seo, tagann gearáin as roinnt daoine. Déanann iriseoirí nuachtáin magadh go minic de chultúr agus de theanga na nGael, i mbealach nach gceadófaí maidir le haon ghrúpa eile, agus iarrann siad deireadh a chur le gach aon chúnamh ón rialtas. 

Rinne an tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis iarrachtaí le blianta beaga anuas botúin ar mhapaí a cheartú. D´fhógair siad i 2004 go ndéanfaidís iarrachtaí ceart a chur leis an aineolas a bhí ar an nGaeilge, agus cheapadar coiste le logainmneacha cearta a chur ar na mapaí.

Thar na blianta, ní bhfuair Gaeilge na hAlban an t-aitheantas céanna agus a fuair an Bhreatnais ó rialtas na [[an Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríochta Aontaithe]]. Ach ó tháinig féin-riail chun saoil, tá níos mó suime á chur i gcúrsaí Albanacha, agus tá ré-bhille Gaeilge foilsithe ag [[Parlaimint na hAlban]]. 

Is iad príomhthréithe an Bhille ná:

* Aitheantas dlíthiúil a thabhairt don Ghaeilge mar cheann de theangacha na hAlban; 
* [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]], a chuirfeadh an Ghaeilge ar aghaidh, a fhoirfiú de réir dlí, chun feidhm agus tuiscint ar an dteangan a chur ar aghaidh; 
* Iallach a chur ar Bhòrd na Gàidhlig Plean Náisiúnta Gaeilge a cheapadh chun go nglacfaí leis ag airí na hAlban; 
* Iallach a chur ar eagraisí poiblí in Albain plean teangan Gaeilge a phlé maidir leis na seirbhísí a chuireann siad ar fáil. 

Tar éis tréimhse comhairleacháin, nuair a cuireadh mórán iarratas chun an rialtais, an chuid is mó acu ag iarraidh an bhille a chur i dtreise, foilsíodh bille leasaithe, agus ba é an príomhleasú a deineadh ná go mbeadh treoir an Bhòird riachtanach anois de réir dlí (in ionad gan é a bheidh ach comhairleach).

Maíonn roinnt tráchtairí, mar shampla Éamonn Ó Gribín (2006), nach bhfágann Acht na Gàidhlig an teanga ar chomhchéim agus ar chomhstádas leis an mBéarla nó fiú leis an mBhreatnais sa Bhreatain Bheag, agus go mbeadh duine amaideach nó saonta ag dréim go mbeidh athrú suntasach ann i dtaobh rathúnais na teangan mar thoradh ar iarrachtaí Bhord na Gàidhlig.&lt;ref&gt;http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011125129/http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }} LEGISLATIVE DEVOLUTION AND LANGUAGE REGULATION
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Colin H Williams
Cardiff University&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá corradh is 500 go 1,000 cainteoirí dúchais in [[Alba Nua]], ach tá a bhformhór aosta anois. I mí na Bealtaine 2004, d'fhógair an rialtas réigiúnda tionscnamh cistiúcháin le tacú leis an dteangan agus lena chultúr sa chúige. 

Shínigh rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe an [[Carta Eorpach um Theangacha Réigiúnda agus Mionlach]] i dtaobh Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is eagras [[Iomairt Choilm Chille]] a dhéanann iarracht naisc a chothú idir Ghaeilgeoirí Éireann agus na hAlban.

== Logainmneacha ==
* Obar Dheathain — Obar Dheathain 
* Dún Déagh — Dùn Dèagh 
* Dún Éideann — Dùn Èideann 
* An Gearasdan — An Gearasdan 
* Glaschú — Glaschu
* Inbhear Nis — Inbhir Nis 
* Peairt — Peairt 
* Sruighle — Sruighlea 
* Steórnabhagh — Steòrnabhagh

== Ainmneacha pearsanta ==
Tá ainmneacha pearsanta Gaelacha ar leith ar nós Donnchadh, Dòmhnall. Tógadh ainmneacha ar iasacht ón Sean-Lochlannais, m.sh. Somhairle, Tormod. Tá foirmeacha ar leith d’ainmneacha ag a bhfuil ainmneacha gaolmhara i dteangacha eile na hEorpa, mar: Eòghan, Iain, Catrìona, Anna.

Tugann an fhoirm ghairmeach d’ainmneacha Gaelacha áirithe foirmeacha Béarla ar nós:
:Seumas -&gt; Sheumais -&gt; Hamish; 
:Màiri -&gt; Mhàiri -&gt; Vairi. 
Is iad na sloinnte Gaelacha is coitianta in Albain ná iad siúd a thosaíonn le ''Mac'', ar nós ''Mac Gille Eathainn'' (MacLean). Tosaíonn an fhoirm bhaininscneach le ''Nic'': ''Catrìona Nic a' Phì'' .
:Tagann sloinnte eile in Albain as dathanna, mar shampla: Bain (bàn/bán), Roy (ruadh/rua), Dow (dubh/dubh), Dunn (donn/donn).

== Focail iasachta ==
Is de bhunadh Cheilteach formhór na foclaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban. Tá roinnt iasachtaí ón Laidin, go háirithe i gcúrsaí eaglasta (eaglais, Bìoball), ón Lochlainnis (eilean, sgeir), ón Scoitis (sgealp, briogais) agus, i gcoitinne le teangacha eile na hEorpa, is gnách nuafhoclaíocht a chumadh d’fhréamhacha Gréigise agus Laidine (telebhisean), fiú más tríd an mBéarla a tháinig siad. Cuireann fás in úsáid fhocla Béarla le gramadach Ghaelach orthu imní ar go leor. Mar shampla, is minic &quot;''watch''igeadh&quot; (faire) and &quot;''catch''eadh&quot; (breith) á úsáid ar Leòdhas, díreach mar a deireanns cuid de mhuintir Ghaeltachtaí na hÉireann &quot;''match''annaí&quot; ar chipíní nó lasáin, agus &quot;ar mo bhicycle&quot; in áit &quot;ar mo rothar&quot;.

Ar an taobh eile den scéal, bhí tionchar ag an nGaeilge ar an Scoitis agus ar an mBéarla, go háirithe ar Bhéarla Caighdeánach na hAlban. 

I measc na bhfocla a tháinig ó Ghaeilge na hAlba, tá ''whisky'', ''slogan'', ''brogue'', ''jilt'', ''clan'', ''strontium'', mar aon le rudaí suntasacha i dtíreolaíocht na hAlban, mar shampla ''ben'' (beinn), ''glen'' (gleann) agus ''loch''.

Foinse: ''An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, [[Alasdair MacGilleBhàin|Alexander MacBain]]''.

== Féach freisin ==

* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Intergaelic|InterGaelic.com]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge Uí Scanaill|''Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge'' Uí Scanaill]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* [[Teangacha Gaelacha]] 
* [[Gaidhealtachd|Gàidhealtachd]] 
* [[Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban]] 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Fóineolaíocht de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Fóineolaíocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Gramadach de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Gramadach Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Litriú de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Litriú Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* Ní hionann Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Scots]], teanga Ísiltír na hAlban.
* [[An Mód Náisiúnta Ríoga|an Mòd]], an fhéile chultúrtha Ghaelach a bhíonn in Albain 'chuile bhliain.
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
{{IdirVicí|cód=gd}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtbOfIpJ4YU&amp;feature=PlayList&amp;p=289534FA4D90DEAD&amp;playnext=1&amp;playnext_from=PL&amp;index=2 Cànan nan Gaidheal]
* [http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/gaidhlig/ Parlaimint na hAlban]
* [http://www.ccg.org.uk Comhairle Craoltacháin Ghaeilge na hAlban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714091414/http://www.ccg.org.uk/ |date=2017-07-14 }} 
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/ BBC Albain - Leathanach baile na Gaeilge]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/ BBC Albain - ''Beag air Bheag'' - Gaeilge do thosaitheoirí]
* [http://www.cnag.org.uk/ Comunn na Gàidhlig] 
* [http://www.colmcille.net/ ColmCille] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028110909/http://www.colmcille.net/ |date=2020-10-28 }}
* [https://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/ Sabhal Mòr Ostaig] 
* [https://www.teanga.info/gaidhlig/faclair/ Foclóirí Gàidhlig]
* [https://www.teanga.info/sruth/ An Sruth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215031/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ |date=2018-04-04 }} - bunachar abairtí [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;astarMax=6&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427193452/https://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga |date=2019-04-27 }}
* [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/ Bunadas]: focail ghaolmhara [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229110410/http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm |date=2010-12-29 }}

{{Teangacha Ceilteacha}}

[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Albain]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Ríochta Aontaithe]]</text>
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Ceann de na [[teangacha Gaelacha]] í '''Gaeilge na hAlban'''&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Gaeilge%20na%20hAlban/|title=“Gaeilge na hAlban” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2024-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''Gàidhlig''', mar a deir lucht labhartha na teanga féin. Foghrúpa de chuid na d[[teangacha Ceilteacha]] is ea na teangacha Gaelacha, mar atá, [[Gaeilge|Gaeilge na hÉireann]], Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Gaeilge Mhanann]]. Is iad na teangacha Briotánacha, mar atá, [[Breatnais]] na [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breataine Bige]], an [[Coirnis|Choirnis]] i g[[Corn na Breataine]], agus an [[Briotáinis|Bhriotáinis]] sa [[An Bhriotáin|Bhriotáin]], na trí theanga chomhaimseartha san fhoghrúpa seo. Taobh istigh de gach foghrúpa den bheirt, tá na teangacha sách intuigthe ag cainteoirí a chéile, ach is deacair, fiú, an gaol atá ag an dá fhoghrúpa le chéile a aithint gan tuiscint éigin a bheith agat don teangeolaíocht Cheilteach.

Is í Gaeilge na hAlban teanga na n[[Gael]] in Albain, agus cé gur i nGarbhchríocha na hAlban a mhaireann sí anois, bhí Gaeilge i bhfad á labhairt sa chuid is mó den tír ar feadh céadta.

Tá áit ar leith aici i gcultúr na hAlban, agus aithníonn an chuid is mó de mhuintir na hAlban é seo, eadar Ghael agus Ghall. Tá saibhreas ''beul-aithris'' sa Ghaeilge, óir ba í teanga na mbard sa [[Gàidhealtachd|Ghàidhealtachd]] ar feadh na gcéadta bliain. Cuireadh muintir na [[Gàidhealtachd]] trí chéile i ndiaidh
Chath Chùl Lodail agus [[Fuadach na nGael|Fhuadach na nGael]], agus chuaidh a dteanga agus a gcuid nósanna i léig tar éis na dtubaistí sin.


Ins an lá atá inniu fhéin, tá dímheas ag cuid de mhuintir na hAlban ar an Ghaeilge, agus iad aineolach ar shaibhreas na teanga agus a traidisiún liteartha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iontaobhas daonlathach Gàidhlig molta i staidéar nua|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2020/0623/1149212-gaeilge-na-halban-le-dul-in-eag-gan-idirghabhail-taighde-nua/|date=2020-06-23|language=ga|author=Ciarán Lenoach}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

[[Íomhá:ScotlandGaelic2001.gif|mion|clé|[[Gaeilgeoir]]í in Albain i [[2001]]]]

== Staid ==

[[File:Canongate Entrance, Scottish Parliament - geograph.org.uk - 739828.jpg|thumb|Parlaimint na hAlban]]
Is léir go bhfuil Gaeilge na hAlban i dtrioblóid mar theanga phobail sna 2020idí. Sna h[[Na h-Eileanan Siar|Eileanan Siar]], an ceantar is láidre ó thaobh na teanga de, níl Gaeilge á labhairt ag ach 45% na ndaoine, cé go bhfuil ábaltacht éigin sa teanga ag mórán den chuid eile.    

I ndiaidh neamhshuime agus dímheasa ar feadh na gcéadta bliain ó thaobh rialtais éagsúla, fuair Gaeilge na hAlban roinnt aitheantais oifigiúil sa 21ú haois. Tá sí á múineadh sna scoileanna, ina measc scoileanna mar ar mheán teagaisc í.  

{{Main|Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban}}

Tá feidhm á baint aisti freisin i rialtas áitiúil, Comhairle nan Eilean. Tá stáisiún raidió sa teanga ag an [[BBC]], Radio nan Gàidheal (agus bíonn comhchraoltacháin go rialta aige le [[Raidió na Gaeltachta]], seirbhís raidió Gaeilge na hÉireann) Bíonn cláracha teilifíse sa teanga ar an BBC agus ar stáisiún [[ITV]], go minic le fotheidil as Béarla. Tá stiúidió i Steornabhadh ag Grampian Television, a chuireann seirbhís ITV ar fáil i dtuaisceart na hAlban. 

Bunaíodh BBC Alba sa bhliain 2008, cainéal teilifíse a chraolann cláracha úra i nGaeilge na hAlban, chomh maith le cartúin ath-ghuthaithe sa teanga.


[[Íomhá:Sanas.jpg|mion|Tá úsáid na Gaeilge ar rudaí oifigiúla dála comharthaí bóthair níos coitianta ná mar a bhí sí tráth]]
Tá comharthaí bóthair Ghaeilge á gcrochadh ar fud na Gaeltachta de réir a chéile agus, de ghnáth, chan é ach glacadh leis an litriú ceart de na logainmneacha atá i gceist. Ach fiú leis seo, tagann gearáin as roinnt daoine. Déanann iriseoirí nuachtáin magadh go minic de chultúr agus de theanga na nGael, i mbealach nach gceadófaí maidir le haon ghrúpa eile, agus iarrann siad deireadh a chur le gach aon chúnamh ón rialtas. 

Rinne an tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis iarrachtaí le blianta beaga anuas botúin ar mhapaí a cheartú. D´fhógair siad i 2004 go ndéanfaidís iarrachtaí ceart a chur leis an aineolas a bhí ar an nGaeilge, agus cheapadar coiste le logainmneacha cearta a chur ar na mapaí.

Thar na blianta, ní bhfuair Gaeilge na hAlban an t-aitheantas céanna agus a fuair an Bhreatnais ó rialtas na [[an Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríochta Aontaithe]]. Ach ó tháinig féin-riail chun saoil, tá níos mó suime á chur i gcúrsaí Albanacha, agus tá ré-bhille Gaeilge foilsithe ag [[Parlaimint na hAlban]]. 

Is iad príomhthréithe an Bhille ná:

* Aitheantas dlíthiúil a thabhairt don Ghaeilge mar cheann de theangacha na hAlban; 
* [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]], a chuirfeadh an Ghaeilge ar aghaidh, a fhoirfiú de réir dlí, chun feidhm agus tuiscint ar an dteangan a chur ar aghaidh; 
* Iallach a chur ar Bhòrd na Gàidhlig Plean Náisiúnta Gaeilge a cheapadh chun go nglacfaí leis ag airí na hAlban; 
* Iallach a chur ar eagraisí poiblí in Albain plean teangan Gaeilge a phlé maidir leis na seirbhísí a chuireann siad ar fáil. 

Tar éis tréimhse comhairleacháin, nuair a cuireadh mórán iarratas chun an rialtais, an chuid is mó acu ag iarraidh an bhille a chur i dtreise, foilsíodh bille leasaithe, agus ba é an príomhleasú a deineadh ná go mbeadh treoir an Bhòird riachtanach anois de réir dlí (in ionad gan é a bheidh ach comhairleach).

Maíonn roinnt tráchtairí, mar shampla Éamonn Ó Gribín (2006), nach bhfágann Acht na Gàidhlig an teanga ar chomhchéim agus ar chomhstádas leis an mBéarla nó fiú leis an mBhreatnais sa Bhreatain Bheag, agus go mbeadh duine amaideach nó saonta ag dréim go mbeidh athrú suntasach ann i dtaobh rathúnais na teangan mar thoradh ar iarrachtaí Bhord na Gàidhlig.&lt;ref&gt;http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011125129/http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }} LEGISLATIVE DEVOLUTION AND LANGUAGE REGULATION
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Colin H Williams
Cardiff University&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá corradh is 500 go 1,000 cainteoirí dúchais in [[Alba Nua]], ach tá a bhformhór aosta anois. I mí na Bealtaine 2004, d'fhógair an rialtas réigiúnda tionscnamh cistiúcháin le tacú leis an dteangan agus lena chultúr sa chúige. 

Shínigh rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe an [[Carta Eorpach um Theangacha Réigiúnda agus Mionlach]] i dtaobh Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is eagras [[Iomairt Choilm Chille]] a dhéanann iarracht naisc a chothú idir Ghaeilgeoirí Éireann agus na hAlban.

== Logainmneacha ==
* Obar Dheathain — Obar Dheathain 
* Dún Déagh — Dùn Dèagh 
* Dún Éideann — Dùn Èideann 
* An Gearasdan — An Gearasdan 
* Glaschú — Glaschu
* Inbhear Nis — Inbhir Nis 
* Peairt — Peairt 
* Sruighle — Sruighlea 
* Steórnabhagh — Steòrnabhagh

== Ainmneacha pearsanta ==
Tá ainmneacha pearsanta Gaelacha ar leith ar nós Donnchadh, Dòmhnall. Tógadh ainmneacha ar iasacht ón Sean-Lochlannais, m.sh. Somhairle, Tormod. Tá foirmeacha ar leith d’ainmneacha ag a bhfuil ainmneacha gaolmhara i dteangacha eile na hEorpa, mar: Eòghan, Iain, Catrìona, Anna.

Tugann an fhoirm ghairmeach d’ainmneacha Gaelacha áirithe foirmeacha Béarla ar nós:
:Seumas -&gt; Sheumais -&gt; Hamish; 
:Màiri -&gt; Mhàiri -&gt; Vairi. 
Is iad na sloinnte Gaelacha is coitianta in Albain ná iad siúd a thosaíonn le ''Mac'', ar nós ''Mac Gille Eathainn'' (MacLean). Tosaíonn an fhoirm bhaininscneach le ''Nic'': ''Catrìona Nic a' Phì'' .
:Tagann sloinnte eile in Albain as dathanna, mar shampla: Bain (bàn/bán), Roy (ruadh/rua), Dow (dubh/dubh), Dunn (donn/donn).

== Focail iasachta ==
Is de bhunadh Cheilteach formhór na foclaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban. Tá roinnt iasachtaí ón Laidin, go háirithe i gcúrsaí eaglasta (eaglais, Bìoball), ón Lochlainnis (eilean, sgeir), ón Scoitis (sgealp, briogais) agus, i gcoitinne le teangacha eile na hEorpa, is gnách nuafhoclaíocht a chumadh d’fhréamhacha Gréigise agus Laidine (telebhisean), fiú más tríd an mBéarla a tháinig siad. Cuireann fás in úsáid fhocla Béarla le gramadach Ghaelach orthu imní ar go leor. Mar shampla, is minic &quot;''watch''igeadh&quot; (faire) and &quot;''catch''eadh&quot; (breith) á úsáid ar Leòdhas, díreach mar a deireanns cuid de mhuintir Ghaeltachtaí na hÉireann &quot;''match''annaí&quot; ar chipíní nó lasáin, agus &quot;ar mo bhicycle&quot; in áit &quot;ar mo rothar&quot;.

Ar an taobh eile den scéal, bhí tionchar ag an nGaeilge ar an Scoitis agus ar an mBéarla, go háirithe ar Bhéarla Caighdeánach na hAlban. 

I measc na bhfocla a tháinig ó Ghaeilge na hAlba, tá ''whisky'', ''slogan'', ''brogue'', ''jilt'', ''clan'', ''strontium'', mar aon le rudaí suntasacha i dtíreolaíocht na hAlban, mar shampla ''ben'' (beinn), ''glen'' (gleann) agus ''loch''.

Foinse: ''An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, [[Alasdair MacGilleBhàin|Alexander MacBain]]''.

== Féach freisin ==

* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Intergaelic|InterGaelic.com]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge Uí Scanaill|''Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge'' Uí Scanaill]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* [[Teangacha Gaelacha]] 
* [[Gaidhealtachd|Gàidhealtachd]] 
* [[Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban]] 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Fóineolaíocht de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Fóineolaíocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Gramadach de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Gramadach Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Litriú de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Litriú Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* Ní hionann Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Scots]], teanga Ísiltír na hAlban.
* [[An Mód Náisiúnta Ríoga|an Mòd]], an fhéile chultúrtha Ghaelach a bhíonn in Albain 'chuile bhliain.
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
{{IdirVicí|cód=gd}}
* [http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/gaidhlig/ Parlaimint na hAlban]
* [http://www.ccg.org.uk Comhairle Craoltacháin Ghaeilge na hAlban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714091414/http://www.ccg.org.uk/ |date=2017-07-14 }} 
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/ BBC Albain - Leathanach baile na Gaeilge]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/ BBC Albain - ''Beag air Bheag'' - Gaeilge do thosaitheoirí]
* [http://www.cnag.org.uk/ Comunn na Gàidhlig] 
* [http://www.colmcille.net/ ColmCille] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028110909/http://www.colmcille.net/ |date=2020-10-28 }}
* [https://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/ Sabhal Mòr Ostaig] 
* [https://www.teanga.info/gaidhlig/faclair/ Foclóirí Gàidhlig]
* [https://www.teanga.info/sruth/ An Sruth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215031/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ |date=2018-04-04 }} - bunachar abairtí [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;astarMax=6&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427193452/https://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga |date=2019-04-27 }}
* [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/ Bunadas]: focail ghaolmhara [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229110410/http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm |date=2010-12-29 }}

{{Teangacha Ceilteacha}}

[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Albain]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Ríochta Aontaithe]]</text>
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Ceann de na [[teangacha Gaelacha]] í '''Gaeilge na hAlban'''&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Gaeilge%20na%20hAlban/|title=“Gaeilge na hAlban” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2024-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''Gàidhlig''', mar a deir lucht labhartha na teanga féin. Foghrúpa de chuid na d[[teangacha Ceilteacha]] is ea na teangacha Gaelacha, mar atá, [[Gaeilge|Gaeilge na hÉireann]], Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Gaeilge Mhanann]]. Is iad na teangacha Briotánacha, mar atá, [[Breatnais]] na [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breataine Bige]], an [[Coirnis|Choirnis]] i g[[Corn na Breataine]], agus an [[Briotáinis|Bhriotáinis]] sa [[An Bhriotáin|Bhriotáin]], na trí theanga chomhaimseartha san fhoghrúpa seo. Taobh istigh de gach foghrúpa den bheirt, tá na teangacha sách intuigthe ag cainteoirí a chéile, ach is deacair, fiú, an gaol atá ag an dá fhoghrúpa le chéile a aithint gan tuiscint éigin a bheith agat don teangeolaíocht Cheilteach.

Is í Gaeilge na hAlban teanga na n[[Gael]] in Albain, agus cé gur i nGarbhchríocha na hAlban a mhaireann sí anois, bhí Gaeilge i bhfad á labhairt sa chuid is mó den tír ar feadh céadta.

Tá áit ar leith aici i gcultúr na hAlban, agus aithníonn an chuid is mó de mhuintir na hAlban é seo, eadar Ghael agus Ghall. Tá saibhreas ''beul-aithris'' sa Ghaeilge, óir ba í teanga na mbard sa [[Gàidhealtachd|Ghàidhealtachd]] ar feadh na gcéadta bliain. Cuireadh muintir na [[Gàidhealtachd]] trí chéile i ndiaidh
Chath Chùl Lodail agus [[Fuadach na nGael|Fhuadach na nGael]], agus chuaidh a dteanga agus a gcuid nósanna i léig tar éis na dtubaistí sin.


Ins an lá atá inniu fhéin, tá dímheas ag cuid de mhuintir na hAlban ar an Ghaeilge, agus iad aineolach ar shaibhreas na teanga agus a traidisiún liteartha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iontaobhas daonlathach Gàidhlig molta i staidéar nua|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2020/0623/1149212-gaeilge-na-halban-le-dul-in-eag-gan-idirghabhail-taighde-nua/|date=2020-06-23|language=ga|author=Ciarán Lenoach}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

[[Íomhá:ScotlandGaelic2001.gif|mion|clé|[[Gaeilgeoir]]í in Albain i [[2001]]]]

== Staid ==

[[File:Canongate Entrance, Scottish Parliament - geograph.org.uk - 739828.jpg|thumb|Parlaimint na hAlban]]
Is léir go bhfuil Gaeilge na hAlban i dtrioblóid mar theanga phobail sna 2020idí. Sna h[[Na h-Eileanan Siar|Eileanan Siar]], an ceantar is láidre ó thaobh na teanga de, níl Gaeilge á labhairt ag ach 45% na ndaoine, cé go bhfuil ábaltacht éigin sa teanga ag mórán den chuid eile.    

I ndiaidh neamhshuime agus dímheasa ar feadh na gcéadta bliain ó thaobh rialtais éagsúla, fuair Gaeilge na hAlban roinnt aitheantais oifigiúil sa 21ú haois. Tá sí á múineadh sna scoileanna, ina measc scoileanna mar ar mheán teagaisc í.  

{{Main|Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban}}

Tá feidhm á baint aisti freisin i rialtas áitiúil, Comhairle nan Eilean. Tá stáisiún raidió sa teanga ag an [[BBC]], Radio nan Gàidheal (agus bíonn comhchraoltacháin go rialta aige le [[Raidió na Gaeltachta]], seirbhís raidió Gaeilge na hÉireann) Bíonn cláracha teilifíse sa teanga ar an BBC agus ar stáisiún [[ITV]], go minic le fotheidil as Béarla. Tá stiúidió i Steornabhadh ag Grampian Television, a chuireann seirbhís ITV ar fáil i dtuaisceart na hAlban. 

Bunaíodh BBC Alba sa bhliain 2008, cainéal teilifíse a chraolann cláracha úra i nGaeilge na hAlban, chomh maith le cartúin ath-ghuthaithe sa teanga.


[[Íomhá:Sanas.jpg|mion|Tá úsáid na Gaeilge ar rudaí oifigiúla dála comharthaí bóthair níos coitianta ná mar a bhí sí tráth]]
Tá comharthaí bóthair Ghaeilge á gcrochadh ar fud na Gaeltachta de réir a chéile agus, de ghnáth, chan é ach glacadh leis an litriú ceart de na logainmneacha atá i gceist. Ach fiú leis seo, tagann gearáin as roinnt daoine. Déanann iriseoirí nuachtáin magadh go minic de chultúr agus de theanga na nGael, i mbealach nach gceadófaí maidir le haon ghrúpa eile, agus iarrann siad deireadh a chur le gach aon chúnamh ón rialtas. 

Rinne an tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis iarrachtaí le blianta beaga anuas botúin ar mhapaí a cheartú. D´fhógair siad i 2004 go ndéanfaidís iarrachtaí ceart a chur leis an aineolas a bhí ar an nGaeilge, agus cheapadar coiste le logainmneacha cearta a chur ar na mapaí.

Thar na blianta, ní bhfuair Gaeilge na hAlban an t-aitheantas céanna agus a fuair an Bhreatnais ó rialtas na [[an Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríochta Aontaithe]]. Ach ó tháinig féin-riail chun saoil, tá níos mó suime á chur i gcúrsaí Albanacha, agus tá ré-bhille Gaeilge foilsithe ag [[Parlaimint na hAlban]]. 

Is iad príomhthréithe an Bhille ná:

* Aitheantas dlíthiúil a thabhairt don Ghaeilge mar cheann de theangacha na hAlban; 
* [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]], a chuirfeadh an Ghaeilge ar aghaidh, a fhoirfiú de réir dlí, chun feidhm agus tuiscint ar an dteangan a chur ar aghaidh; 
* Iallach a chur ar Bhòrd na Gàidhlig Plean Náisiúnta Gaeilge a cheapadh chun go nglacfaí leis ag airí na hAlban; 
* Iallach a chur ar eagraisí poiblí in Albain plean teangan Gaeilge a phlé maidir leis na seirbhísí a chuireann siad ar fáil. 

Tar éis tréimhse comhairleacháin, nuair a cuireadh mórán iarratas chun an rialtais, an chuid is mó acu ag iarraidh an bhille a chur i dtreise, foilsíodh bille leasaithe, agus ba é an príomhleasú a deineadh ná go mbeadh treoir an Bhòird riachtanach anois de réir dlí (in ionad gan é a bheidh ach comhairleach).

Maíonn roinnt tráchtairí, mar shampla Éamonn Ó Gribín (2006), nach bhfágann Acht na Gàidhlig an teanga ar chomhchéim agus ar chomhstádas leis an mBéarla nó fiú leis an mBhreatnais sa Bhreatain Bheag, agus go mbeadh duine amaideach nó saonta ag dréim go mbeidh athrú suntasach ann i dtaobh rathúnais na teangan mar thoradh ar iarrachtaí Bhord na Gàidhlig.&lt;ref&gt;http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011125129/http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }} LEGISLATIVE DEVOLUTION AND LANGUAGE REGULATION
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Colin H Williams
Cardiff University&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá corradh is 500 go 1,000 cainteoirí dúchais in [[Alba Nua]], ach tá a bhformhór aosta anois. I mí na Bealtaine 2004, d'fhógair an rialtas réigiúnda tionscnamh cistiúcháin le tacú leis an dteangan agus lena chultúr sa chúige. 

Shínigh rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe an [[Carta Eorpach um Theangacha Réigiúnda agus Mionlach]] i dtaobh Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is eagras [[Iomairt Choilm Chille]] a dhéanann iarracht naisc a chothú idir Ghaeilgeoirí Éireann agus na hAlban.

== Logainmneacha ==
* Obar Dheathain — Obar Dheathain 
* Dún Déagh — Dùn Dèagh 
* Dún Éideann — Dùn Èideann 
* An Gearasdan — An Gearasdan 
* Glaschú — Glaschu
* Inbhear Nis — Inbhir Nis 
* Peairt — Peairt 
* Sruighle — Sruighlea 
* Steórnabhagh — Steòrnabhagh

== Ainmneacha pearsanta ==
Tá ainmneacha pearsanta Gaelacha ar leith ar nós Donnchadh, Dòmhnall. Tógadh ainmneacha ar iasacht ón Sean-Lochlannais, m.sh. Somhairle, Tormod. Tá foirmeacha ar leith d’ainmneacha ag a bhfuil ainmneacha gaolmhara i dteangacha eile na hEorpa, mar: Eòghan, Iain, Catrìona, Anna.

Tugann an fhoirm ghairmeach d’ainmneacha Gaelacha áirithe foirmeacha Béarla ar nós:
:Seumas -&gt; Sheumais -&gt; Hamish; 
:Màiri -&gt; Mhàiri -&gt; Vairi. 
Is iad na sloinnte Gaelacha is coitianta in Albain ná iad siúd a thosaíonn le ''Mac'', ar nós ''Mac Gille Eathainn'' (MacLean). Tosaíonn an fhoirm bhaininscneach le ''Nic'': ''Catrìona Nic a' Phì'' .
:Tagann sloinnte eile in Albain as dathanna, mar shampla: Bain (bàn/bán), Roy (ruadh/rua), Dow (dubh/dubh), Dunn (donn/donn).

== Focail iasachta ==
Is de bhunadh Cheilteach formhór na foclaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban. Tá roinnt iasachtaí ón Laidin, go háirithe i gcúrsaí eaglasta (eaglais, Bìoball), ón Lochlainnis (eilean, sgeir), ón Scoitis (sgealp, briogais) agus, i gcoitinne le teangacha eile na hEorpa, is gnách nuafhoclaíocht a chumadh d’fhréamhacha Gréigise agus Laidine (telebhisean), fiú más tríd an mBéarla a tháinig siad. Cuireann fás in úsáid fhocla Béarla le gramadach Ghaelach orthu imní ar go leor. Mar shampla, is minic &quot;''watch''igeadh&quot; (faire) and &quot;''catch''eadh&quot; (breith) á úsáid ar Leòdhas, díreach mar a deireanns cuid de mhuintir Ghaeltachtaí na hÉireann &quot;''match''annaí&quot; ar chipíní nó lasáin, agus &quot;ar mo bhicycle&quot; in áit &quot;ar mo rothar&quot;.

Ar an taobh eile den scéal, bhí tionchar ag an nGaeilge ar an Scoitis agus ar an mBéarla, go háirithe ar Bhéarla Caighdeánach na hAlban. 

I measc na bhfocla a tháinig ó Ghaeilge na hAlba, tá ''whisky'', ''slogan'', ''brogue'', ''jilt'', ''clan'', ''strontium'', mar aon le rudaí suntasacha i dtíreolaíocht na hAlban, mar shampla ''ben'' (beinn), ''glen'' (gleann) agus ''loch''.

Foinse: ''An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, [[Alasdair MacGilleBhàin|Alexander MacBain]]''.

== Féach freisin ==

* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Intergaelic|InterGaelic.com]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge Uí Scanaill|''Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge'' Uí Scanaill]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* [[Teangacha Gaelacha]] 
* [[Gaidhealtachd|Gàidhealtachd]] 
* [[Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban]] 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Fóineolaíocht de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Fóineolaíocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Gramadach de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Gramadach Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Litriú de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Litriú Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* Ní hionann Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Scots]], teanga Ísiltír na hAlban.
* [[An Mód Náisiúnta Ríoga|an Mòd]], an fhéile chultúrtha Ghaelach a bhíonn in Albain 'chuile bhliain.
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
{{IdirVicí|cód=gd}}
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/ BBC Alba]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/ BBC Albain - ''Beag air Bheag'' - Gaeilge do thosaitheoirí]
* [http://www.cnag.org.uk/ Comunn na Gàidhlig] 
* [http://www.colmcille.net/ ColmCille] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028110909/http://www.colmcille.net/ |date=2020-10-28 }}
* [https://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/ Sabhal Mòr Ostaig] 
* [https://www.teanga.info/gaidhlig/faclair/ Foclóirí Gàidhlig]
* [https://www.teanga.info/sruth/ An Sruth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215031/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ |date=2018-04-04 }} - bunachar abairtí [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;astarMax=6&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427193452/https://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga |date=2019-04-27 }}
* [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/ Bunadas]: focail ghaolmhara [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229110410/http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm |date=2010-12-29 }}

{{Teangacha Ceilteacha}}

[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Albain]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Ríochta Aontaithe]]</text>
      <sha1>chypes0l22e7onkf81331pova769mxm</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>1331766</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Caoimhin</username>
        <id>600</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Naisc sheachtracha */</comment>
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      <text bytes="12065" sha1="rncapncbugx3wto4dvqee0rjj9op6vl" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Teanga}}
Ceann de na [[teangacha Gaelacha]] í '''Gaeilge na hAlban'''&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Gaeilge%20na%20hAlban/|title=“Gaeilge na hAlban” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2024-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''Gàidhlig''', mar a deir lucht labhartha na teanga féin. Foghrúpa de chuid na d[[teangacha Ceilteacha]] is ea na teangacha Gaelacha, mar atá, [[Gaeilge|Gaeilge na hÉireann]], Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Gaeilge Mhanann]]. Is iad na teangacha Briotánacha, mar atá, [[Breatnais]] na [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breataine Bige]], an [[Coirnis|Choirnis]] i g[[Corn na Breataine]], agus an [[Briotáinis|Bhriotáinis]] sa [[An Bhriotáin|Bhriotáin]], na trí theanga chomhaimseartha san fhoghrúpa seo. Taobh istigh de gach foghrúpa den bheirt, tá na teangacha sách intuigthe ag cainteoirí a chéile, ach is deacair, fiú, an gaol atá ag an dá fhoghrúpa le chéile a aithint gan tuiscint éigin a bheith agat don teangeolaíocht Cheilteach.

Is í Gaeilge na hAlban teanga na n[[Gael]] in Albain, agus cé gur i nGarbhchríocha na hAlban a mhaireann sí anois, bhí Gaeilge i bhfad á labhairt sa chuid is mó den tír ar feadh céadta.

Tá áit ar leith aici i gcultúr na hAlban, agus aithníonn an chuid is mó de mhuintir na hAlban é seo, eadar Ghael agus Ghall. Tá saibhreas ''beul-aithris'' sa Ghaeilge, óir ba í teanga na mbard sa [[Gàidhealtachd|Ghàidhealtachd]] ar feadh na gcéadta bliain. Cuireadh muintir na [[Gàidhealtachd]] trí chéile i ndiaidh
Chath Chùl Lodail agus [[Fuadach na nGael|Fhuadach na nGael]], agus chuaidh a dteanga agus a gcuid nósanna i léig tar éis na dtubaistí sin.


Ins an lá atá inniu fhéin, tá dímheas ag cuid de mhuintir na hAlban ar an Ghaeilge, agus iad aineolach ar shaibhreas na teanga agus a traidisiún liteartha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iontaobhas daonlathach Gàidhlig molta i staidéar nua|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2020/0623/1149212-gaeilge-na-halban-le-dul-in-eag-gan-idirghabhail-taighde-nua/|date=2020-06-23|language=ga|author=Ciarán Lenoach}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

[[Íomhá:ScotlandGaelic2001.gif|mion|clé|[[Gaeilgeoir]]í in Albain i [[2001]]]]

== Staid ==

[[File:Canongate Entrance, Scottish Parliament - geograph.org.uk - 739828.jpg|thumb|Parlaimint na hAlban]]
Is léir go bhfuil Gaeilge na hAlban i dtrioblóid mar theanga phobail sna 2020idí. Sna h[[Na h-Eileanan Siar|Eileanan Siar]], an ceantar is láidre ó thaobh na teanga de, níl Gaeilge á labhairt ag ach 45% na ndaoine, cé go bhfuil ábaltacht éigin sa teanga ag mórán den chuid eile.    

I ndiaidh neamhshuime agus dímheasa ar feadh na gcéadta bliain ó thaobh rialtais éagsúla, fuair Gaeilge na hAlban roinnt aitheantais oifigiúil sa 21ú haois. Tá sí á múineadh sna scoileanna, ina measc scoileanna mar ar mheán teagaisc í.  

{{Main|Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban}}

Tá feidhm á baint aisti freisin i rialtas áitiúil, Comhairle nan Eilean. Tá stáisiún raidió sa teanga ag an [[BBC]], Radio nan Gàidheal (agus bíonn comhchraoltacháin go rialta aige le [[Raidió na Gaeltachta]], seirbhís raidió Gaeilge na hÉireann) Bíonn cláracha teilifíse sa teanga ar an BBC agus ar stáisiún [[ITV]], go minic le fotheidil as Béarla. Tá stiúidió i Steornabhadh ag Grampian Television, a chuireann seirbhís ITV ar fáil i dtuaisceart na hAlban. 

Bunaíodh BBC Alba sa bhliain 2008, cainéal teilifíse a chraolann cláracha úra i nGaeilge na hAlban, chomh maith le cartúin ath-ghuthaithe sa teanga.


[[Íomhá:Sanas.jpg|mion|Tá úsáid na Gaeilge ar rudaí oifigiúla dála comharthaí bóthair níos coitianta ná mar a bhí sí tráth]]
Tá comharthaí bóthair Ghaeilge á gcrochadh ar fud na Gaeltachta de réir a chéile agus, de ghnáth, chan é ach glacadh leis an litriú ceart de na logainmneacha atá i gceist. Ach fiú leis seo, tagann gearáin as roinnt daoine. Déanann iriseoirí nuachtáin magadh go minic de chultúr agus de theanga na nGael, i mbealach nach gceadófaí maidir le haon ghrúpa eile, agus iarrann siad deireadh a chur le gach aon chúnamh ón rialtas. 

Rinne an tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis iarrachtaí le blianta beaga anuas botúin ar mhapaí a cheartú. D´fhógair siad i 2004 go ndéanfaidís iarrachtaí ceart a chur leis an aineolas a bhí ar an nGaeilge, agus cheapadar coiste le logainmneacha cearta a chur ar na mapaí.

Thar na blianta, ní bhfuair Gaeilge na hAlban an t-aitheantas céanna agus a fuair an Bhreatnais ó rialtas na [[an Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríochta Aontaithe]]. Ach ó tháinig féin-riail chun saoil, tá níos mó suime á chur i gcúrsaí Albanacha, agus tá ré-bhille Gaeilge foilsithe ag [[Parlaimint na hAlban]]. 

Is iad príomhthréithe an Bhille ná:

* Aitheantas dlíthiúil a thabhairt don Ghaeilge mar cheann de theangacha na hAlban; 
* [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]], a chuirfeadh an Ghaeilge ar aghaidh, a fhoirfiú de réir dlí, chun feidhm agus tuiscint ar an dteangan a chur ar aghaidh; 
* Iallach a chur ar Bhòrd na Gàidhlig Plean Náisiúnta Gaeilge a cheapadh chun go nglacfaí leis ag airí na hAlban; 
* Iallach a chur ar eagraisí poiblí in Albain plean teangan Gaeilge a phlé maidir leis na seirbhísí a chuireann siad ar fáil. 

Tar éis tréimhse comhairleacháin, nuair a cuireadh mórán iarratas chun an rialtais, an chuid is mó acu ag iarraidh an bhille a chur i dtreise, foilsíodh bille leasaithe, agus ba é an príomhleasú a deineadh ná go mbeadh treoir an Bhòird riachtanach anois de réir dlí (in ionad gan é a bheidh ach comhairleach).

Maíonn roinnt tráchtairí, mar shampla Éamonn Ó Gribín (2006), nach bhfágann Acht na Gàidhlig an teanga ar chomhchéim agus ar chomhstádas leis an mBéarla nó fiú leis an mBhreatnais sa Bhreatain Bheag, agus go mbeadh duine amaideach nó saonta ag dréim go mbeidh athrú suntasach ann i dtaobh rathúnais na teangan mar thoradh ar iarrachtaí Bhord na Gàidhlig.&lt;ref&gt;http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011125129/http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }} LEGISLATIVE DEVOLUTION AND LANGUAGE REGULATION
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Colin H Williams
Cardiff University&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá corradh is 500 go 1,000 cainteoirí dúchais in [[Alba Nua]], ach tá a bhformhór aosta anois. I mí na Bealtaine 2004, d'fhógair an rialtas réigiúnda tionscnamh cistiúcháin le tacú leis an dteangan agus lena chultúr sa chúige. 

Shínigh rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe an [[Carta Eorpach um Theangacha Réigiúnda agus Mionlach]] i dtaobh Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is eagras [[Iomairt Choilm Chille]] a dhéanann iarracht naisc a chothú idir Ghaeilgeoirí Éireann agus na hAlban.

== Logainmneacha ==
* Obar Dheathain — Obar Dheathain 
* Dún Déagh — Dùn Dèagh 
* Dún Éideann — Dùn Èideann 
* An Gearasdan — An Gearasdan 
* Glaschú — Glaschu
* Inbhear Nis — Inbhir Nis 
* Peairt — Peairt 
* Sruighle — Sruighlea 
* Steórnabhagh — Steòrnabhagh

== Ainmneacha pearsanta ==
Tá ainmneacha pearsanta Gaelacha ar leith ar nós Donnchadh, Dòmhnall. Tógadh ainmneacha ar iasacht ón Sean-Lochlannais, m.sh. Somhairle, Tormod. Tá foirmeacha ar leith d’ainmneacha ag a bhfuil ainmneacha gaolmhara i dteangacha eile na hEorpa, mar: Eòghan, Iain, Catrìona, Anna.

Tugann an fhoirm ghairmeach d’ainmneacha Gaelacha áirithe foirmeacha Béarla ar nós:
:Seumas -&gt; Sheumais -&gt; Hamish; 
:Màiri -&gt; Mhàiri -&gt; Vairi. 
Is iad na sloinnte Gaelacha is coitianta in Albain ná iad siúd a thosaíonn le ''Mac'', ar nós ''Mac Gille Eathainn'' (MacLean). Tosaíonn an fhoirm bhaininscneach le ''Nic'': ''Catrìona Nic a' Phì'' .
:Tagann sloinnte eile in Albain as dathanna, mar shampla: Bain (bàn/bán), Roy (ruadh/rua), Dow (dubh/dubh), Dunn (donn/donn).

== Focail iasachta ==
Is de bhunadh Cheilteach formhór na foclaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban. Tá roinnt iasachtaí ón Laidin, go háirithe i gcúrsaí eaglasta (eaglais, Bìoball), ón Lochlainnis (eilean, sgeir), ón Scoitis (sgealp, briogais) agus, i gcoitinne le teangacha eile na hEorpa, is gnách nuafhoclaíocht a chumadh d’fhréamhacha Gréigise agus Laidine (telebhisean), fiú más tríd an mBéarla a tháinig siad. Cuireann fás in úsáid fhocla Béarla le gramadach Ghaelach orthu imní ar go leor. Mar shampla, is minic &quot;''watch''igeadh&quot; (faire) and &quot;''catch''eadh&quot; (breith) á úsáid ar Leòdhas, díreach mar a deireanns cuid de mhuintir Ghaeltachtaí na hÉireann &quot;''match''annaí&quot; ar chipíní nó lasáin, agus &quot;ar mo bhicycle&quot; in áit &quot;ar mo rothar&quot;.

Ar an taobh eile den scéal, bhí tionchar ag an nGaeilge ar an Scoitis agus ar an mBéarla, go háirithe ar Bhéarla Caighdeánach na hAlban. 

I measc na bhfocla a tháinig ó Ghaeilge na hAlba, tá ''whisky'', ''slogan'', ''brogue'', ''jilt'', ''clan'', ''strontium'', mar aon le rudaí suntasacha i dtíreolaíocht na hAlban, mar shampla ''ben'' (beinn), ''glen'' (gleann) agus ''loch''.

Foinse: ''An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, [[Alasdair MacGilleBhàin|Alexander MacBain]]''.

== Féach freisin ==

* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Intergaelic|InterGaelic.com]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge Uí Scanaill|''Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge'' Uí Scanaill]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* [[Teangacha Gaelacha]] 
* [[Gaidhealtachd|Gàidhealtachd]] 
* [[Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban]] 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Fóineolaíocht de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Fóineolaíocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Gramadach de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Gramadach Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Litriú de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Litriú Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* Ní hionann Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Scots]], teanga Ísiltír na hAlban.
* [[An Mód Náisiúnta Ríoga|an Mòd]], an fhéile chultúrtha Ghaelach a bhíonn in Albain 'chuile bhliain.
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
{{IdirVicí|cód=gd}}
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/ BBC Alba]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/ BBC Albain - ''Beag air Bheag'' - Gaeilge do thosaitheoirí]
* [https://cnag.org/ Comunn na Gàidhlig] 
* [http://www.colmcille.net/ ColmCille] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028110909/http://www.colmcille.net/ |date=2020-10-28 }}
* [https://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/ Sabhal Mòr Ostaig] 
* [https://www.teanga.info/gaidhlig/faclair/ Foclóirí Gàidhlig]
* [https://www.teanga.info/sruth/ An Sruth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215031/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ |date=2018-04-04 }} - bunachar abairtí [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;astarMax=6&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427193452/https://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga |date=2019-04-27 }}
* [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/ Bunadas]: focail ghaolmhara [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229110410/http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm |date=2010-12-29 }}

{{Teangacha Ceilteacha}}

[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Albain]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Ríochta Aontaithe]]</text>
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      <text bytes="12018" sha1="e3u3sk6zxh5wg7fh7ayig1yhdbjq4ge" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Teanga}}
Ceann de na [[teangacha Gaelacha]] í '''Gaeilge na hAlban'''&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Gaeilge%20na%20hAlban/|title=“Gaeilge na hAlban” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2024-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''Gàidhlig''', mar a deir lucht labhartha na teanga féin. Foghrúpa de chuid na d[[teangacha Ceilteacha]] is ea na teangacha Gaelacha, mar atá, [[Gaeilge|Gaeilge na hÉireann]], Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Gaeilge Mhanann]]. Is iad na teangacha Briotánacha, mar atá, [[Breatnais]] na [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breataine Bige]], an [[Coirnis|Choirnis]] i g[[Corn na Breataine]], agus an [[Briotáinis|Bhriotáinis]] sa [[An Bhriotáin|Bhriotáin]], na trí theanga chomhaimseartha san fhoghrúpa seo. Taobh istigh de gach foghrúpa den bheirt, tá na teangacha sách intuigthe ag cainteoirí a chéile, ach is deacair, fiú, an gaol atá ag an dá fhoghrúpa le chéile a aithint gan tuiscint éigin a bheith agat don teangeolaíocht Cheilteach.

Is í Gaeilge na hAlban teanga na n[[Gael]] in Albain, agus cé gur i nGarbhchríocha na hAlban a mhaireann sí anois, bhí Gaeilge i bhfad á labhairt sa chuid is mó den tír ar feadh céadta.

Tá áit ar leith aici i gcultúr na hAlban, agus aithníonn an chuid is mó de mhuintir na hAlban é seo, eadar Ghael agus Ghall. Tá saibhreas ''beul-aithris'' sa Ghaeilge, óir ba í teanga na mbard sa [[Gàidhealtachd|Ghàidhealtachd]] ar feadh na gcéadta bliain. Cuireadh muintir na [[Gàidhealtachd]] trí chéile i ndiaidh
Chath Chùl Lodail agus [[Fuadach na nGael|Fhuadach na nGael]], agus chuaidh a dteanga agus a gcuid nósanna i léig tar éis na dtubaistí sin.


Ins an lá atá inniu fhéin, tá dímheas ag cuid de mhuintir na hAlban ar an Ghaeilge, agus iad aineolach ar shaibhreas na teanga agus a traidisiún liteartha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iontaobhas daonlathach Gàidhlig molta i staidéar nua|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2020/0623/1149212-gaeilge-na-halban-le-dul-in-eag-gan-idirghabhail-taighde-nua/|date=2020-06-23|language=ga|author=Ciarán Lenoach}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

[[Íomhá:ScotlandGaelic2001.gif|mion|clé|[[Gaeilgeoir]]í in Albain i [[2001]]]]

== Staid ==

[[File:Canongate Entrance, Scottish Parliament - geograph.org.uk - 739828.jpg|thumb|Parlaimint na hAlban]]
Is léir go bhfuil Gaeilge na hAlban i dtrioblóid mar theanga phobail sna 2020idí. Sna h[[Na h-Eileanan Siar|Eileanan Siar]], an ceantar is láidre ó thaobh na teanga de, níl Gaeilge á labhairt ag ach 45% na ndaoine, cé go bhfuil ábaltacht éigin sa teanga ag mórán den chuid eile.    

I ndiaidh neamhshuime agus dímheasa ar feadh na gcéadta bliain ó thaobh rialtais éagsúla, fuair Gaeilge na hAlban roinnt aitheantais oifigiúil sa 21ú haois. Tá sí á múineadh sna scoileanna, ina measc scoileanna mar ar mheán teagaisc í.  

{{Main|Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban}}

Tá feidhm á baint aisti freisin i rialtas áitiúil, Comhairle nan Eilean. Tá stáisiún raidió sa teanga ag an [[BBC]], Radio nan Gàidheal (agus bíonn comhchraoltacháin go rialta aige le [[Raidió na Gaeltachta]], seirbhís raidió Gaeilge na hÉireann) Bíonn cláracha teilifíse sa teanga ar an BBC agus ar stáisiún [[ITV]], go minic le fotheidil as Béarla. Tá stiúidió i Steornabhadh ag Grampian Television, a chuireann seirbhís ITV ar fáil i dtuaisceart na hAlban. 

Bunaíodh BBC Alba sa bhliain 2008, cainéal teilifíse a chraolann cláracha úra i nGaeilge na hAlban, chomh maith le cartúin ath-ghuthaithe sa teanga.


[[Íomhá:Sanas.jpg|mion|Tá úsáid na Gaeilge ar rudaí oifigiúla dála comharthaí bóthair níos coitianta ná mar a bhí sí tráth]]
Tá comharthaí bóthair Ghaeilge á gcrochadh ar fud na Gaeltachta de réir a chéile agus, de ghnáth, chan é ach glacadh leis an litriú ceart de na logainmneacha atá i gceist. Ach fiú leis seo, tagann gearáin as roinnt daoine. Déanann iriseoirí nuachtáin magadh go minic de chultúr agus de theanga na nGael, i mbealach nach gceadófaí maidir le haon ghrúpa eile, agus iarrann siad deireadh a chur le gach aon chúnamh ón rialtas. 

Rinne an tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis iarrachtaí le blianta beaga anuas botúin ar mhapaí a cheartú. D´fhógair siad i 2004 go ndéanfaidís iarrachtaí ceart a chur leis an aineolas a bhí ar an nGaeilge, agus cheapadar coiste le logainmneacha cearta a chur ar na mapaí.

Thar na blianta, ní bhfuair Gaeilge na hAlban an t-aitheantas céanna agus a fuair an Bhreatnais ó rialtas na [[an Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríochta Aontaithe]]. Ach ó tháinig féin-riail chun saoil, tá níos mó suime á chur i gcúrsaí Albanacha, agus tá ré-bhille Gaeilge foilsithe ag [[Parlaimint na hAlban]]. 

Is iad príomhthréithe an Bhille ná:

* Aitheantas dlíthiúil a thabhairt don Ghaeilge mar cheann de theangacha na hAlban; 
* [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]], a chuirfeadh an Ghaeilge ar aghaidh, a fhoirfiú de réir dlí, chun feidhm agus tuiscint ar an dteangan a chur ar aghaidh; 
* Iallach a chur ar Bhòrd na Gàidhlig Plean Náisiúnta Gaeilge a cheapadh chun go nglacfaí leis ag airí na hAlban; 
* Iallach a chur ar eagraisí poiblí in Albain plean teangan Gaeilge a phlé maidir leis na seirbhísí a chuireann siad ar fáil. 

Tar éis tréimhse comhairleacháin, nuair a cuireadh mórán iarratas chun an rialtais, an chuid is mó acu ag iarraidh an bhille a chur i dtreise, foilsíodh bille leasaithe, agus ba é an príomhleasú a deineadh ná go mbeadh treoir an Bhòird riachtanach anois de réir dlí (in ionad gan é a bheidh ach comhairleach).

Maíonn roinnt tráchtairí, mar shampla Éamonn Ó Gribín (2006), nach bhfágann Acht na Gàidhlig an teanga ar chomhchéim agus ar chomhstádas leis an mBéarla nó fiú leis an mBhreatnais sa Bhreatain Bheag, agus go mbeadh duine amaideach nó saonta ag dréim go mbeidh athrú suntasach ann i dtaobh rathúnais na teangan mar thoradh ar iarrachtaí Bhord na Gàidhlig.&lt;ref&gt;http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011125129/http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }} LEGISLATIVE DEVOLUTION AND LANGUAGE REGULATION
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Colin H Williams
Cardiff University&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá corradh is 500 go 1,000 cainteoirí dúchais in [[Alba Nua]], ach tá a bhformhór aosta anois. I mí na Bealtaine 2004, d'fhógair an rialtas réigiúnda tionscnamh cistiúcháin le tacú leis an dteangan agus lena chultúr sa chúige. 

Shínigh rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe an [[Carta Eorpach um Theangacha Réigiúnda agus Mionlach]] i dtaobh Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is eagras [[Iomairt Choilm Chille]] a dhéanann iarracht naisc a chothú idir Ghaeilgeoirí Éireann agus na hAlban.

== Logainmneacha ==
* Obar Dheathain — Obar Dheathain 
* Dún Déagh — Dùn Dèagh 
* Dún Éideann — Dùn Èideann 
* An Gearasdan — An Gearasdan 
* Glaschú — Glaschu
* Inbhear Nis — Inbhir Nis 
* Peairt — Peairt 
* Sruighle — Sruighlea 
* Steórnabhagh — Steòrnabhagh

== Ainmneacha pearsanta ==
Tá ainmneacha pearsanta Gaelacha ar leith ar nós Donnchadh, Dòmhnall. Tógadh ainmneacha ar iasacht ón Sean-Lochlannais, m.sh. Somhairle, Tormod. Tá foirmeacha ar leith d’ainmneacha ag a bhfuil ainmneacha gaolmhara i dteangacha eile na hEorpa, mar: Eòghan, Iain, Catrìona, Anna.

Tugann an fhoirm ghairmeach d’ainmneacha Gaelacha áirithe foirmeacha Béarla ar nós:
:Seumas -&gt; Sheumais -&gt; Hamish; 
:Màiri -&gt; Mhàiri -&gt; Vairi. 
Is iad na sloinnte Gaelacha is coitianta in Albain ná iad siúd a thosaíonn le ''Mac'', ar nós ''Mac Gille Eathainn'' (MacLean). Tosaíonn an fhoirm bhaininscneach le ''Nic'': ''Catrìona Nic a' Phì'' .
:Tagann sloinnte eile in Albain as dathanna, mar shampla: Bain (bàn/bán), Roy (ruadh/rua), Dow (dubh/dubh), Dunn (donn/donn).

== Focail iasachta ==
Is de bhunadh Cheilteach formhór na foclaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban. Tá roinnt iasachtaí ón Laidin, go háirithe i gcúrsaí eaglasta (eaglais, Bìoball), ón Lochlainnis (eilean, sgeir), ón Scoitis (sgealp, briogais) agus, i gcoitinne le teangacha eile na hEorpa, is gnách nuafhoclaíocht a chumadh d’fhréamhacha Gréigise agus Laidine (telebhisean), fiú más tríd an mBéarla a tháinig siad. Cuireann fás in úsáid fhocla Béarla le gramadach Ghaelach orthu imní ar go leor. Mar shampla, is minic &quot;''watch''igeadh&quot; (faire) and &quot;''catch''eadh&quot; (breith) á úsáid ar Leòdhas, díreach mar a deireanns cuid de mhuintir Ghaeltachtaí na hÉireann &quot;''match''annaí&quot; ar chipíní nó lasáin, agus &quot;ar mo bhicycle&quot; in áit &quot;ar mo rothar&quot;.

Ar an taobh eile den scéal, bhí tionchar ag an nGaeilge ar an Scoitis agus ar an mBéarla, go háirithe ar Bhéarla Caighdeánach na hAlban. 

I measc na bhfocla a tháinig ó Ghaeilge na hAlba, tá ''whisky'', ''slogan'', ''brogue'', ''jilt'', ''clan'', ''strontium'', mar aon le rudaí suntasacha i dtíreolaíocht na hAlban, mar shampla ''ben'' (beinn), ''glen'' (gleann) agus ''loch''.

Foinse: ''An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, [[Alasdair MacGilleBhàin|Alexander MacBain]]''.

== Féach freisin ==

* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Intergaelic|InterGaelic.com]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge Uí Scanaill|''Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge'' Uí Scanaill]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* [[Teangacha Gaelacha]] 
* [[Gaidhealtachd|Gàidhealtachd]] 
* [[Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban]] 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Fóineolaíocht de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Fóineolaíocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Gramadach de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Gramadach Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Litriú de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Litriú Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* Ní hionann Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Scots]], teanga Ísiltír na hAlban.
* [[An Mód Náisiúnta Ríoga|an Mòd]], an fhéile chultúrtha Ghaelach a bhíonn in Albain 'chuile bhliain.
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
{{IdirVicí|cód=gd}}
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/ BBC Alba]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/ BBC Albain - ''Beag air Bheag'' - Gaeilge do thosaitheoirí]
* [https://cnag.org/ Comunn na Gàidhlig] 
* [https://colmcille.net/ ColmCille] – Ag tabhairt cainteoirí Gaeilge agus Gàidhlig le chéile
* [https://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/ Sabhal Mòr Ostaig] 
* [https://www.teanga.info/gaidhlig/faclair/ Foclóirí Gàidhlig]
* [https://www.teanga.info/sruth/ An Sruth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215031/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ |date=2018-04-04 }} - bunachar abairtí [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;astarMax=6&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427193452/https://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga |date=2019-04-27 }}
* [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/ Bunadas]: focail ghaolmhara [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229110410/http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm |date=2010-12-29 }}

{{Teangacha Ceilteacha}}

[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Albain]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Ríochta Aontaithe]]</text>
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      <text bytes="11683" sha1="si28g55iigt6qflut3lgflyztq9s47x" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Teanga}}
Ceann de na [[teangacha Gaelacha]] í '''Gaeilge na hAlban'''&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Gaeilge%20na%20hAlban/|title=“Gaeilge na hAlban” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2024-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''Gàidhlig''', mar a deir lucht labhartha na teanga féin. Foghrúpa de chuid na d[[teangacha Ceilteacha]] is ea na teangacha Gaelacha, mar atá, [[Gaeilge|Gaeilge na hÉireann]], Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Gaeilge Mhanann]]. Is iad na teangacha Briotánacha, mar atá, [[Breatnais]] na [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breataine Bige]], an [[Coirnis|Choirnis]] i g[[Corn na Breataine]], agus an [[Briotáinis|Bhriotáinis]] sa [[An Bhriotáin|Bhriotáin]], na trí theanga chomhaimseartha san fhoghrúpa seo. Taobh istigh de gach foghrúpa den bheirt, tá na teangacha sách intuigthe ag cainteoirí a chéile, ach is deacair, fiú, an gaol atá ag an dá fhoghrúpa le chéile a aithint gan tuiscint éigin a bheith agat don teangeolaíocht Cheilteach.

Is í Gaeilge na hAlban teanga na n[[Gael]] in Albain, agus cé gur i nGarbhchríocha na hAlban a mhaireann sí anois, bhí Gaeilge i bhfad á labhairt sa chuid is mó den tír ar feadh céadta.

Tá áit ar leith aici i gcultúr na hAlban, agus aithníonn an chuid is mó de mhuintir na hAlban é seo, eadar Ghael agus Ghall. Tá saibhreas ''beul-aithris'' sa Ghaeilge, óir ba í teanga na mbard sa [[Gàidhealtachd|Ghàidhealtachd]] ar feadh na gcéadta bliain. Cuireadh muintir na [[Gàidhealtachd]] trí chéile i ndiaidh
Chath Chùl Lodail agus [[Fuadach na nGael|Fhuadach na nGael]], agus chuaidh a dteanga agus a gcuid nósanna i léig tar éis na dtubaistí sin.


Ins an lá atá inniu fhéin, tá dímheas ag cuid de mhuintir na hAlban ar an Ghaeilge, agus iad aineolach ar shaibhreas na teanga agus a traidisiún liteartha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iontaobhas daonlathach Gàidhlig molta i staidéar nua|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2020/0623/1149212-gaeilge-na-halban-le-dul-in-eag-gan-idirghabhail-taighde-nua/|date=2020-06-23|language=ga|author=Ciarán Lenoach}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

[[Íomhá:ScotlandGaelic2001.gif|mion|clé|[[Gaeilgeoir]]í in Albain i [[2001]]]]

== Staid ==

[[File:Canongate Entrance, Scottish Parliament - geograph.org.uk - 739828.jpg|thumb|Parlaimint na hAlban]]
Is léir go bhfuil Gaeilge na hAlban i dtrioblóid mar theanga phobail sna 2020idí. Sna h[[Na h-Eileanan Siar|Eileanan Siar]], an ceantar is láidre ó thaobh na teanga de, níl Gaeilge á labhairt ag ach 45% na ndaoine, cé go bhfuil ábaltacht éigin sa teanga ag mórán den chuid eile.    

I ndiaidh neamhshuime agus dímheasa ar feadh na gcéadta bliain ó thaobh rialtais éagsúla, fuair Gaeilge na hAlban roinnt aitheantais oifigiúil sa 21ú haois. Tá sí á múineadh sna scoileanna, ina measc scoileanna mar ar mheán teagaisc í.  

{{Main|Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban}}

Tá feidhm á baint aisti freisin i rialtas áitiúil, Comhairle nan Eilean. Tá stáisiún raidió sa teanga ag an [[BBC]], Radio nan Gàidheal (agus bíonn comhchraoltacháin go rialta aige le [[Raidió na Gaeltachta]], seirbhís raidió Gaeilge na hÉireann) Bíonn cláracha teilifíse sa teanga ar an BBC agus ar stáisiún [[ITV]], go minic le fotheidil as Béarla. Tá stiúidió i Steornabhadh ag Grampian Television, a chuireann seirbhís ITV ar fáil i dtuaisceart na hAlban. 

Bunaíodh BBC Alba sa bhliain 2008, cainéal teilifíse a chraolann cláracha úra i nGaeilge na hAlban, chomh maith le cartúin ath-ghuthaithe sa teanga.


[[Íomhá:Sanas.jpg|mion|Tá úsáid na Gaeilge ar rudaí oifigiúla dála comharthaí bóthair níos coitianta ná mar a bhí sí tráth]]
Tá comharthaí bóthair Ghaeilge á gcrochadh ar fud na Gaeltachta de réir a chéile agus, de ghnáth, chan é ach glacadh leis an litriú ceart de na logainmneacha atá i gceist. Ach fiú leis seo, tagann gearáin as roinnt daoine. Déanann iriseoirí nuachtáin magadh go minic de chultúr agus de theanga na nGael, i mbealach nach gceadófaí maidir le haon ghrúpa eile, agus iarrann siad deireadh a chur le gach aon chúnamh ón rialtas. 

Rinne an tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis iarrachtaí le blianta beaga anuas botúin ar mhapaí a cheartú. D´fhógair siad i 2004 go ndéanfaidís iarrachtaí ceart a chur leis an aineolas a bhí ar an nGaeilge, agus cheapadar coiste le logainmneacha cearta a chur ar na mapaí.

Thar na blianta, ní bhfuair Gaeilge na hAlban an t-aitheantas céanna agus a fuair an Bhreatnais ó rialtas na [[an Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríochta Aontaithe]]. Ach ó tháinig féin-riail chun saoil, tá níos mó suime á chur i gcúrsaí Albanacha, agus tá ré-bhille Gaeilge foilsithe ag [[Parlaimint na hAlban]]. 

Is iad príomhthréithe an Bhille ná:

* Aitheantas dlíthiúil a thabhairt don Ghaeilge mar cheann de theangacha na hAlban; 
* [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]], a chuirfeadh an Ghaeilge ar aghaidh, a fhoirfiú de réir dlí, chun feidhm agus tuiscint ar an dteangan a chur ar aghaidh; 
* Iallach a chur ar Bhòrd na Gàidhlig Plean Náisiúnta Gaeilge a cheapadh chun go nglacfaí leis ag airí na hAlban; 
* Iallach a chur ar eagraisí poiblí in Albain plean teangan Gaeilge a phlé maidir leis na seirbhísí a chuireann siad ar fáil. 

Tar éis tréimhse comhairleacháin, nuair a cuireadh mórán iarratas chun an rialtais, an chuid is mó acu ag iarraidh an bhille a chur i dtreise, foilsíodh bille leasaithe, agus ba é an príomhleasú a deineadh ná go mbeadh treoir an Bhòird riachtanach anois de réir dlí (in ionad gan é a bheidh ach comhairleach).

Maíonn roinnt tráchtairí, mar shampla Éamonn Ó Gribín (2006), nach bhfágann Acht na Gàidhlig an teanga ar chomhchéim agus ar chomhstádas leis an mBéarla nó fiú leis an mBhreatnais sa Bhreatain Bheag, agus go mbeadh duine amaideach nó saonta ag dréim go mbeidh athrú suntasach ann i dtaobh rathúnais na teangan mar thoradh ar iarrachtaí Bhord na Gàidhlig.&lt;ref&gt;http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011125129/http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }} LEGISLATIVE DEVOLUTION AND LANGUAGE REGULATION
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Colin H Williams
Cardiff University&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá corradh is 500 go 1,000 cainteoirí dúchais in [[Alba Nua]], ach tá a bhformhór aosta anois. I mí na Bealtaine 2004, d'fhógair an rialtas réigiúnda tionscnamh cistiúcháin le tacú leis an dteangan agus lena chultúr sa chúige. 

Shínigh rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe an [[Carta Eorpach um Theangacha Réigiúnda agus Mionlach]] i dtaobh Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is eagras [[Iomairt Choilm Chille]] a dhéanann iarracht naisc a chothú idir Ghaeilgeoirí Éireann agus na hAlban.

== Logainmneacha ==
* Obar Dheathain — Obar Dheathain 
* Dún Déagh — Dùn Dèagh 
* Dún Éideann — Dùn Èideann 
* An Gearasdan — An Gearasdan 
* Glaschú — Glaschu
* Inbhear Nis — Inbhir Nis 
* Peairt — Peairt 
* Sruighle — Sruighlea 
* Steórnabhagh — Steòrnabhagh

== Ainmneacha pearsanta ==
Tá ainmneacha pearsanta Gaelacha ar leith ar nós Donnchadh, Dòmhnall. Tógadh ainmneacha ar iasacht ón Sean-Lochlannais, m.sh. Somhairle, Tormod. Tá foirmeacha ar leith d’ainmneacha ag a bhfuil ainmneacha gaolmhara i dteangacha eile na hEorpa, mar: Eòghan, Iain, Catrìona, Anna.

Tugann an fhoirm ghairmeach d’ainmneacha Gaelacha áirithe foirmeacha Béarla ar nós:
:Seumas -&gt; Sheumais -&gt; Hamish; 
:Màiri -&gt; Mhàiri -&gt; Vairi. 
Is iad na sloinnte Gaelacha is coitianta in Albain ná iad siúd a thosaíonn le ''Mac'', ar nós ''Mac Gille Eathainn'' (MacLean). Tosaíonn an fhoirm bhaininscneach le ''Nic'': ''Catrìona Nic a' Phì'' .
:Tagann sloinnte eile in Albain as dathanna, mar shampla: Bain (bàn/bán), Roy (ruadh/rua), Dow (dubh/dubh), Dunn (donn/donn).

== Focail iasachta ==
Is de bhunadh Cheilteach formhór na foclaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban. Tá roinnt iasachtaí ón Laidin, go háirithe i gcúrsaí eaglasta (eaglais, Bìoball), ón Lochlainnis (eilean, sgeir), ón Scoitis (sgealp, briogais) agus, i gcoitinne le teangacha eile na hEorpa, is gnách nuafhoclaíocht a chumadh d’fhréamhacha Gréigise agus Laidine (telebhisean), fiú más tríd an mBéarla a tháinig siad. Cuireann fás in úsáid fhocla Béarla le gramadach Ghaelach orthu imní ar go leor. Mar shampla, is minic &quot;''watch''igeadh&quot; (faire) and &quot;''catch''eadh&quot; (breith) á úsáid ar Leòdhas, díreach mar a deireanns cuid de mhuintir Ghaeltachtaí na hÉireann &quot;''match''annaí&quot; ar chipíní nó lasáin, agus &quot;ar mo bhicycle&quot; in áit &quot;ar mo rothar&quot;.

Ar an taobh eile den scéal, bhí tionchar ag an nGaeilge ar an Scoitis agus ar an mBéarla, go háirithe ar Bhéarla Caighdeánach na hAlban. 

I measc na bhfocla a tháinig ó Ghaeilge na hAlba, tá ''whisky'', ''slogan'', ''brogue'', ''jilt'', ''clan'', ''strontium'', mar aon le rudaí suntasacha i dtíreolaíocht na hAlban, mar shampla ''ben'' (beinn), ''glen'' (gleann) agus ''loch''.

Foinse: ''An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, [[Alasdair MacGilleBhàin|Alexander MacBain]]''.

== Féach freisin ==

* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Intergaelic|InterGaelic.com]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge Uí Scanaill|''Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge'' Uí Scanaill]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* [[Teangacha Gaelacha]] 
* [[Gaidhealtachd|Gàidhealtachd]] 
* [[Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban]] 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Fóineolaíocht de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Fóineolaíocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Gramadach de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Gramadach Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Litriú de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Litriú Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* Ní hionann Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Scots]], teanga Ísiltír na hAlban.
* [[An Mód Náisiúnta Ríoga|an Mòd]], an fhéile chultúrtha Ghaelach a bhíonn in Albain 'chuile bhliain.
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
{{IdirVicí|cód=gd}}
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/ BBC Alba]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/ BBC Albain - ''Beag air Bheag'' - Gaeilge do thosaitheoirí]
* [https://cnag.org/ Comunn na Gàidhlig] 
* [https://colmcille.net/ ColmCille] – Ag tabhairt cainteoirí Gaeilge agus Gàidhlig le chéile
* [https://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/ Sabhal Mòr Ostaig] 
* [https://www.teanga.info/gaidhlig/faclair/ Foclóirí Gàidhlig]
* [https://www.teanga.info/sruth/ An Sruth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215031/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ |date=2018-04-04 }} - bunachar abairtí [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;astarMax=6&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427193452/https://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga |date=2019-04-27 }}
* [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/ Bunadas]: focail ghaolmhara [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig] agus [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge]
* [http://www.linguae-celticae.de/GLS_english.htm Linguae Celticae: Gàidhlig Local Studies]

{{Teangacha Ceilteacha}}

[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Albain]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Ríochta Aontaithe]]</text>
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Ceann de na [[teangacha Gaelacha]] í '''Gaeilge na hAlban'''&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Gaeilge%20na%20hAlban/|title=“Gaeilge na hAlban” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2024-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''Gàidhlig''', mar a deir lucht labhartha na teanga féin. Foghrúpa de chuid na d[[teangacha Ceilteacha]] is ea na teangacha Gaelacha, mar atá, [[Gaeilge|Gaeilge na hÉireann]], Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Gaeilge Mhanann]]. Is iad na teangacha Briotánacha, mar atá, [[Breatnais]] na [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breataine Bige]], an [[Coirnis|Choirnis]] i g[[Corn na Breataine]], agus an [[Briotáinis|Bhriotáinis]] sa [[An Bhriotáin|Bhriotáin]], na trí theanga chomhaimseartha san fhoghrúpa seo. Taobh istigh de gach foghrúpa den bheirt, tá na teangacha sách intuigthe ag cainteoirí a chéile, ach is deacair, fiú, an gaol atá ag an dá fhoghrúpa le chéile a aithint gan tuiscint éigin a bheith agat don teangeolaíocht Cheilteach.

Is í Gaeilge na hAlban teanga na n[[Gael]] in Albain, agus cé gur i nGarbhchríocha na hAlban a mhaireann sí anois, bhí Gaeilge i bhfad á labhairt sa chuid is mó den tír ar feadh céadta.

Tá áit ar leith aici i gcultúr na hAlban, agus aithníonn an chuid is mó de mhuintir na hAlban é seo, eadar Ghael agus Ghall. Tá saibhreas ''beul-aithris'' sa Ghaeilge, óir ba í teanga na mbard sa [[Gàidhealtachd|Ghàidhealtachd]] ar feadh na gcéadta bliain. Cuireadh muintir na [[Gàidhealtachd]] trí chéile i ndiaidh
Chath Chùl Lodail agus [[Fuadach na nGael|Fhuadach na nGael]], agus chuaidh a dteanga agus a gcuid nósanna i léig tar éis na dtubaistí sin.


Ins an lá atá inniu fhéin, tá dímheas ag cuid de mhuintir na hAlban ar an Ghaeilge, agus iad aineolach ar shaibhreas na teanga agus a traidisiún liteartha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iontaobhas daonlathach Gàidhlig molta i staidéar nua|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2020/0623/1149212-gaeilge-na-halban-le-dul-in-eag-gan-idirghabhail-taighde-nua/|date=2020-06-23|language=ga|author=Ciarán Lenoach}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

[[Íomhá:ScotlandGaelic2001.gif|mion|clé|[[Gaeilgeoir]]í in Albain i [[2001]]]]

== Staid ==

[[File:Canongate Entrance, Scottish Parliament - geograph.org.uk - 739828.jpg|thumb|Parlaimint na hAlban]]
Is léir go bhfuil Gaeilge na hAlban i dtrioblóid mar theanga phobail sna 2020idí. Sna h[[Na h-Eileanan Siar|Eileanan Siar]], an ceantar is láidre ó thaobh na teanga de, níl Gaeilge á labhairt ag ach 45% na ndaoine, cé go bhfuil ábaltacht éigin sa teanga ag mórán den chuid eile.    

I ndiaidh neamhshuime agus dímheasa ar feadh na gcéadta bliain ó thaobh rialtais éagsúla, fuair Gaeilge na hAlban roinnt aitheantais oifigiúil sa 21ú haois. Tá sí á múineadh sna scoileanna, ina measc scoileanna mar ar mheán teagaisc í.  

{{Main|Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban}}

Tá feidhm á baint aisti freisin i rialtas áitiúil, Comhairle nan Eilean. Tá stáisiún raidió sa teanga ag an [[BBC]], Radio nan Gàidheal (agus bíonn comhchraoltacháin go rialta aige le [[Raidió na Gaeltachta]], seirbhís raidió Gaeilge na hÉireann) Bíonn cláracha teilifíse sa teanga ar an BBC agus ar stáisiún [[ITV]], go minic le fotheidil as Béarla. Tá stiúidió i Steornabhadh ag Grampian Television, a chuireann seirbhís ITV ar fáil i dtuaisceart na hAlban. 

Bunaíodh BBC Alba sa bhliain 2008, cainéal teilifíse a chraolann cláracha úra i nGaeilge na hAlban, chomh maith le cartúin ath-ghuthaithe sa teanga.


[[Íomhá:Sanas.jpg|mion|Tá úsáid na Gaeilge ar rudaí oifigiúla dála comharthaí bóthair níos coitianta ná mar a bhí sí tráth]]
Tá comharthaí bóthair Ghaeilge á gcrochadh ar fud na Gaeltachta de réir a chéile agus, de ghnáth, chan é ach glacadh leis an litriú ceart de na logainmneacha atá i gceist. Ach fiú leis seo, tagann gearáin as roinnt daoine. Déanann iriseoirí nuachtáin magadh go minic de chultúr agus de theanga na nGael, i mbealach nach gceadófaí maidir le haon ghrúpa eile, agus iarrann siad deireadh a chur le gach aon chúnamh ón rialtas. 

Rinne an tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis iarrachtaí le blianta beaga anuas botúin ar mhapaí a cheartú. D´fhógair siad i 2004 go ndéanfaidís iarrachtaí ceart a chur leis an aineolas a bhí ar an nGaeilge, agus cheapadar coiste le logainmneacha cearta a chur ar na mapaí.

Thar na blianta, ní bhfuair Gaeilge na hAlban an t-aitheantas céanna agus a fuair an Bhreatnais ó rialtas na [[an Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríochta Aontaithe]]. Ach ó tháinig féin-riail chun saoil, tá níos mó suime á chur i gcúrsaí Albanacha, agus tá ré-bhille Gaeilge foilsithe ag [[Parlaimint na hAlban]]. 

Is iad príomhthréithe an Bhille ná:

* Aitheantas dlíthiúil a thabhairt don Ghaeilge mar cheann de theangacha na hAlban; 
* [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]], a chuirfeadh an Ghaeilge ar aghaidh, a fhoirfiú de réir dlí, chun feidhm agus tuiscint ar an dteangan a chur ar aghaidh; 
* Iallach a chur ar Bhòrd na Gàidhlig Plean Náisiúnta Gaeilge a cheapadh chun go nglacfaí leis ag airí na hAlban; 
* Iallach a chur ar eagraisí poiblí in Albain plean teangan Gaeilge a phlé maidir leis na seirbhísí a chuireann siad ar fáil. 

Tar éis tréimhse comhairleacháin, nuair a cuireadh mórán iarratas chun an rialtais, an chuid is mó acu ag iarraidh an bhille a chur i dtreise, foilsíodh bille leasaithe, agus ba é an príomhleasú a deineadh ná go mbeadh treoir an Bhòird riachtanach anois de réir dlí (in ionad gan é a bheidh ach comhairleach).

Maíonn roinnt tráchtairí, mar shampla Éamonn Ó Gribín (2006), nach bhfágann Acht na Gàidhlig an teanga ar chomhchéim agus ar chomhstádas leis an mBéarla nó fiú leis an mBhreatnais sa Bhreatain Bheag, agus go mbeadh duine amaideach nó saonta ag dréim go mbeidh athrú suntasach ann i dtaobh rathúnais na teangan mar thoradh ar iarrachtaí Bhord na Gàidhlig.&lt;ref&gt;http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011125129/http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }} LEGISLATIVE DEVOLUTION AND LANGUAGE REGULATION
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Colin H Williams
Cardiff University&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá corradh is 500 go 1,000 cainteoirí dúchais in [[Alba Nua]], ach tá a bhformhór aosta anois. I mí na Bealtaine 2004, d'fhógair an rialtas réigiúnda tionscnamh cistiúcháin le tacú leis an dteangan agus lena chultúr sa chúige. 

Shínigh rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe an [[Carta Eorpach um Theangacha Réigiúnda agus Mionlach]] i dtaobh Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is eagras [[Iomairt Choilm Chille]] a dhéanann iarracht naisc a chothú idir Ghaeilgeoirí Éireann agus na hAlban.

== Logainmneacha ==
* Obar Dheathain — Obar Dheathain 
* Dún Déagh — Dùn Dèagh 
* Dún Éideann — Dùn Èideann 
* An Gearasdan — An Gearasdan 
* Glaschú — Glaschu
* Inbhear Nis — Inbhir Nis 
* Peairt — Peairt 
* Sruighle — Sruighlea 
* Steórnabhagh — Steòrnabhagh

== Ainmneacha pearsanta ==
Tá ainmneacha pearsanta Gaelacha ar leith ar nós Donnchadh, Dòmhnall. Tógadh ainmneacha ar iasacht ón Sean-Lochlannais, m.sh. Somhairle, Tormod. Tá foirmeacha ar leith d’ainmneacha ag a bhfuil ainmneacha gaolmhara i dteangacha eile na hEorpa, mar: Eòghan, Iain, Catrìona, Anna.

Tugann an fhoirm ghairmeach d’ainmneacha Gaelacha áirithe foirmeacha Béarla ar nós:
:Seumas -&gt; Sheumais -&gt; Hamish; 
:Màiri -&gt; Mhàiri -&gt; Vairi. 
Is iad na sloinnte Gaelacha is coitianta in Albain ná iad siúd a thosaíonn le ''Mac'', ar nós ''Mac Gille Eathainn'' (MacLean). Tosaíonn an fhoirm bhaininscneach le ''Nic'': ''Catrìona Nic a' Phì'' .
:Tagann sloinnte eile in Albain as dathanna, mar shampla: Bain (bàn/bán), Roy (ruadh/rua), Dow (dubh/dubh), Dunn (donn/donn).

== Focail iasachta ==
Is de bhunadh Cheilteach formhór na foclaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban. Tá roinnt iasachtaí ón Laidin, go háirithe i gcúrsaí eaglasta (eaglais, Bìoball), ón Lochlainnis (eilean, sgeir), ón Scoitis (sgealp, briogais) agus, i gcoitinne le teangacha eile na hEorpa, is gnách nuafhoclaíocht a chumadh d’fhréamhacha Gréigise agus Laidine (telebhisean), fiú más tríd an mBéarla a tháinig siad. Cuireann fás in úsáid fhocla Béarla le gramadach Ghaelach orthu imní ar go leor. Mar shampla, is minic &quot;''watch''igeadh&quot; (faire) and &quot;''catch''eadh&quot; (breith) á úsáid ar Leòdhas, díreach mar a deireanns cuid de mhuintir Ghaeltachtaí na hÉireann &quot;''match''annaí&quot; ar chipíní nó lasáin, agus &quot;ar mo bhicycle&quot; in áit &quot;ar mo rothar&quot;.

Ar an taobh eile den scéal, bhí tionchar ag an nGaeilge ar an Scoitis agus ar an mBéarla, go háirithe ar Bhéarla Caighdeánach na hAlban. 

I measc na bhfocla a tháinig ó Ghaeilge na hAlba, tá ''whisky'', ''slogan'', ''brogue'', ''jilt'', ''clan'', ''strontium'', mar aon le rudaí suntasacha i dtíreolaíocht na hAlban, mar shampla ''ben'' (beinn), ''glen'' (gleann) agus ''loch''.

Foinse: ''An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, [[Alasdair MacGilleBhàin|Alexander MacBain]]''.

== Féach freisin ==

* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Intergaelic|InterGaelic.com]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge Uí Scanaill|''Foclóir Gàidhlig–Gaeilge'' Uí Scanaill]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* [[Teangacha Gaelacha]] 
* [[Gaidhealtachd|Gàidhealtachd]] 
* [[Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban]] 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Fóineolaíocht de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Fóineolaíocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Gramadach de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Gramadach Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Litriú de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban|Litriú Ghaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
* Ní hionann Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Scots]], teanga Ísiltír na hAlban.
* [[An Mód Náisiúnta Ríoga|an Mòd]], an fhéile chultúrtha Ghaelach a bhíonn in Albain 'chuile bhliain.
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
{{IdirVicí|cód=gd}}
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/ BBC Alba]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/ BBC Albain - ''Beag air Bheag'' - Gaeilge do thosaitheoirí]
* [https://cnag.org/ Comunn na Gàidhlig] 
* [https://colmcille.net/ ColmCille] – Ag tabhairt cainteoirí Gaeilge agus Gàidhlig le chéile
* [https://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/ Sabhal Mòr Ostaig] 
* [https://www.teanga.info/gaidhlig/faclair/ Foclóirí Gàidhlig]
* [https://www.teanga.info/sruth/ An Sruth] - bunachar abairtí [https://www.teanga.info/sruth/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;astarMax=6&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig] agus [https://www.teanga.info/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge] 
* [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/ Bunadas]: focail ghaolmhara [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig] agus [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge]
* [http://www.linguae-celticae.de/GLS_english.htm Linguae Celticae: Gàidhlig Local Studies]

{{Teangacha Ceilteacha}}

[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Albain]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Ríochta Aontaithe]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>4 Samhain</title>
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      <comment>/* Tarluithe eile */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3662" sha1="om5zsw6wfb2kk2raqaa5fu8cvr154d1" xml:space="preserve">{{Samhain}}
Is é an '''4 Samhain''' an 308ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 309ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 57 lá fágtha sa bhliain.

== Féilte ==
* [[Panama]] - ''Lá na mBratach''

== Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo ==
* [[1790]] — [[Carlos Antonio López]], polaiteoir as Paragua (b.[[1862]])
* [[1832]] — [[Iago ap Ieuan]], ceoltóir agus cruitire Breatnach (b. [[1902]])
* [[1872]] — [[John O'Hanlon]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1956]])
* [[1918]] — [[Art Carney]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2003]])
* [[1932]] — [[Tommy Makem]], ceoltóir Éireannach (b.[[2007]])
* [[1951]] — [[Traian Băsescu]], polaiteoir Rómáineach 
* [[1955]] — [[Matti Vanhanen]], príomh-aire na Fionlainne
* [[1957]] — [[Dónall Ó Cualáin]], garda Éireannach
* [[1957]] — [[Tony Abbott]], polaiteoir Astrálach agus 28ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile
* [[1969]] — [[Matthew McConaughey]], aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1969]] — [[Sean Combs|Sean John &quot;Puff Daddy&quot; Combs]], léiritheoir agus ceoltóir rap 
* [[1972]] — [[Luís Figo]], imreoir sacair 
* [[1974]] — [[Michael Bauer]], saineolaí ar Ghaeilge na hAlban
* [[1989]] — [[Holly Cairns]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1989]] — [[Seán Cúipéir]], imreoir peil Ghaelach

== Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo ==
* [[1847]] — [[Felix Mendelssohn]], 38, cumadóir ceoil (r.[[1809]])
* [[1856]] — [[Paul Delaroche|Hippolyte Paul Delaroche]], péintéir Francach (r. [[1797]])
* [[1984]] — [[Fintan Coogan, Mór]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1910]])
* [[1985]] — [[Cus D'Amato]], traenálaí dornálaíochta Meiriceánach (r. [[1908]])
* [[1995]] — [[Gilles Deleuze]], fealsamh Francach (r.[[1925]])
* [[1995]] — [[Yitzhak Rabin]], 73, saighdiúir agus polaiteoir (r.[[1922]])
* [[2019]] — [[Gay Byrne]], láithreoir teilifíse (r. [[1934]])

== Tarluithe eile ==
* [[1492]] - Tháinig [[Críostóir Colambas]] ag [[Oileáin na Fothana]]
* [[1677]] - Phós [[Máire II Shasana|Máire]] agus [[Uilliam Oráiste]]
* [[1922]] - Fuair [[Howard Carter]] an tslí isteach don tuama [[Tútancáman|Tútancámain]] i n[[Gleann na Ríthe]]
* [[1936]] - [[Cogadh Cathartha na Spáinne]]: d'athraigh [[Francisco Largo Caballero]] a chomh-aireacht chogaidh agus d'áitigh sé ar an ''[[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]]'' dul sa rialtas 
* [[1942]] - [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]]: rinne [[Erwin Rommel]] neamhaird d'ordú díreach de chuid [[Adolf Hitler]] nuair a thosaigh sé cúlú a fhórsaí i ndiaidh caillte chostasaigh ag [[Dara cath an El Alamein]]. Mhairfeadh an cúlú 5 mhí.
* [[1956]] - Chuaigh trúpaí [[An tAontas Sóivéadach|Sóivéadacha]] s[[an Ungáir]] chun [[Réabhlóid na hUngáire 1956|an réabhlóid]] a chríochnú a thosaigh ar 23 Deireadh Fómhair. Maraíodh na mílte agus d'fhág thart ar cheathrú milliúin duine an tír
* [[1970]] - Thosaigh [[Salvador Allende]] a théarma mar Uachtarán na Sile. B'eisean an chéad Uachtarán [[Marxachas|Marxach]] i [[Meiriceá Laidineach]] a bheith tofa trí thoghchán oscailte
* [[1980]] - Bhuaigh [[Ronald Reagan]] ar an sealbhóir [[Jimmy Carter]] i dtoghchán na huachtaránachta 
* [[1995]] - D'fheallmharaigh [[Siónachas mar choilíneachas lonnaitheoirí|Síónach antoisceach]], Yigal Amir, an Príomh-Aire Iosrael, [[Yitzhak Rabin]].
* [[2008]] - Bhuaigh [[Barack Obama]] toghchán uachtaránachta [[na Stáit Aontaithe|Mheiriceá]]. Is eisean an chéad [[Daoine gorma|duine gorm]] a bheith ina [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]]
* [[2024]] - Bhuaigh [[Zohran Mamdani]] toghchán an mhéara i g[[Cathair Nua-Eabhrac]]

[[Catagóir:Dátaí|1104]]
[[Catagóir:Míonna|Samhain, 04]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Emil Abderhalden</title>
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      <text bytes="1338" sha1="3ilsyrm6ogw8bnqu0vlaftt59nl08e0" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
[[Bithcheimic|Bithcheimiceoir]] conspóideach [[An Eilvéis|Eilvéiseach]] ab ea '''Emil Abderhalden''' (9 Márta, 1877 – 5 Lúnasa, 1950). Rugadh é in Oberuzwill i gCantún St. Gallen.

Rinne Emil Abderhalden staidéar ar an Leigheas in Ollscoil Basel agus bhain sé céim amach mar dhochtúir i 1902. Ina dhiaidh sin chuaigh sé chun staidéar a dhéanamh i saotharlann Emil Fischer agus d'oibrigh sé in [[Ollscoil Bheirlín]]. I 1911 bhog sé go hOllscoil Halle, áit ar mhúin sé fiseolaíocht sa scoil leighis.

Le linn [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|an Chéad Chogadh Domhanda]], bhunaigh sé ospidéal do leanaí a bhí ag fulaingt de bharr easpa bia. D’aistrigh sé paistí ón nGearmáin go dtí an Eilvéis. Tar éis seo go léir, thosaigh sé ar thaighde sa Cheimic Fhiseolaíoch agus thosaigh sé ag staidéar Meitibileacht agus Bithcheimic.

Tar éis an Dara Cogadh Domhanda, d'fhill sé ar an Eilvéis, áit ar ghlac sé post ag Ollscoil Zürich.

Fuair Emil Abderhalden bás i Zurich ag 73 bliain d’aois.

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Síol-beath-ch}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abderhalden, Emil}}
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1950|Abderhalden, Emil]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1877|Abderhalden, Emil]]
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      <comment>{{Glanadh-mar|tá tagairtí ag teastáil ag an alt seo}}</comment>
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
[[Bithcheimic|Bithcheimiceoir]] conspóideach [[An Eilvéis|Eilvéiseach]] ab ea '''Emil Abderhalden''' (9 Márta, 1877 – 5 Lúnasa, 1950). Rugadh é in Oberuzwill i gCantún St. Gallen.

Rinne Emil Abderhalden staidéar ar an Leigheas in Ollscoil Basel agus bhain sé céim amach mar dhochtúir i 1902. Ina dhiaidh sin chuaigh sé chun staidéar a dhéanamh i saotharlann Emil Fischer agus d'oibrigh sé in [[Ollscoil Bheirlín]]. I 1911 bhog sé go hOllscoil Halle, áit ar mhúin sé fiseolaíocht sa scoil leighis.

Le linn [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|an Chéad Chogadh Domhanda]], bhunaigh sé ospidéal do leanaí a bhí ag fulaingt de bharr easpa bia. D’aistrigh sé paistí ón nGearmáin go dtí an Eilvéis. Tar éis seo go léir, thosaigh sé ar thaighde sa Cheimic Fhiseolaíoch agus thosaigh sé ag staidéar Meitibileacht agus Bithcheimic.

Tar éis an Dara Cogadh Domhanda, d'fhill sé ar an Eilvéis, áit ar ghlac sé post ag Ollscoil Zürich.

Fuair Emil Abderhalden bás i Zurich ag 73 bliain d’aois.

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Síol-beath-ch}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abderhalden, Emil}}
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1950|Abderhalden, Emil]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1877|Abderhalden, Emil]]
[[Catagóir:An Eilvéis]]
[[Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí Eilvéiseacha]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ráth Chairn</title>
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      <comment>Added more insight</comment>
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      <text bytes="7789" sha1="6tmuj8fqnc37st98641xiay8qj4hkmo" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}
Is baile fearainn agus [[nua-Ghaeltacht]] é '''Ráth Chairn,'''&lt;ref name='Logainm'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166593|title=Ráth Chairn/Rathcarran {{!}} logainm.ie|publisher=[[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]]|access-date=2024-11-05|language=ga|work=[[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (Logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt; suite i g[[Contae na Mí]],  i ngar do [[Baile Átha Buí|Bhaile Átha Buí]]. 

Cheannaigh [[Coimisiún Talún na hÉireann]] tailte sa cheantar agus sna 1930idí, i ngreim ag an mbochtaineacht, thug muintir Chonamara  a n-aghaidh ar Ráth Chairn. B'é an plean a bhí ag  [[Saorstát Éireann]]  ná an bochtanas a mhaolú agus cainteoirí dúchasacha a aistriú go machairí méithe, áit a mbeadh níos mó barr le baint as an talamh.
[[Íomhá:Aire leanai.JPG|clé|mion|&quot;Aire - leanai&quot;, An scoil]]

[[Íomhá:An Halla Rath Cairn.jpg|clé|mion|An Halla, Ráth Chairn]]
== An Baile ==
Tá lárionad pobail agus clubtheach (An Bradán Feasa), meánscoil, lárionad fiontraíochta, eaglais Chaitliceach agus áiseanna eile lena n-áirítear grúpscéim uisce, siopa, bialann, páirc imeartha, agus ionad taispeántais ann i Ráth Chairn. Tá [[Foras na Gaeilge]], [[Glór na nGael]] agus [[Scun Scan]] lonnaithe ann freisin.[[Íomhá:Tamworth Canada Gaeltacht sign.JPG|clé|mion]]

== Stair ==
Feachtas in éadan na bochtaineachta i gConamara  ba ea &quot;[[an Turas Aniar]]&quot; sa bhliain 1934. Chuaigh scaifte daoine as Gaeltacht Chonamara ar rothair suas go Baile Átha Cliath. ‘An Turas Aniar’ a thug siad ar an turas seo. Bhí siad ag iarraidh saol níos fearr dóibh féin agus dá dteaghlaigh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cartlann.ie/exhibits/show/cursai_spoirt/an-turas-aniar|teideal=An Turas Aniar · Cúrsaí Spóirt in Irisí an Phléaráca · Cartlann Ghaeltacht Chonamara|work=www.cartlann.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329140517/https://www.cartlann.ie/exhibits/show/cursai_spoirt/an-turas-aniar|archivedate=2024-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shroich na fir Baile Átha Cliath ar an 29 Márta 1934 le bualadh leis an Taoiseach [[Eamon de Valera|Éamon de Valera]] agus talamh agus cearta á n-éileamh acu. D’iarr na fir air cuairt a thabhairt ar Chonamara go bhfeicfeadh sé an drochstaid ina raibh na daoine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/%C3%89amon%20de%20Valera.pdf|teideal=Beatha le Bua / Éamon de Valera|údar=ccea.org.uk|dátarochtana=2024|archivedate=2021-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829223620/https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/%C3%89amon%20de%20Valera.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/gailearai-pictiuir-as-leabhar-nua-matt-nolan-faoi-mhuintir-rath-chairn-agus-chonamara/|teideal=GAILEARAÍ: Léargas trí lionsa Matt Nolan ar scéal agus ar phobal Ráth Chairn…|dáta=2018-12-07|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An bhliain dár gcionn, ar an 12 Aibreán 1935, thug muintir Chonamara a n-aghaidh ar Ráth Chairn don chéad uair.  Seacht gclann is fiche as Conamara a chur fúthu ag an am; d'aistrigh an [[rialtas]] 443 duine as Conamara go Ráth Chairn leis an talamh a thabhairt chun míntíreachais thall ansin. Fuair siad feirmeacha agus scoil náisiúnta (Scoil Uí Ghrámhnaigh) ansin. Fuair gach teaghlach teach nua, 22 acra talún, beostoc agus uirlisí feirmeoireachta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theirishstory.com/2012/07/13/rath-cairn-land-reform-language-politics-in-the-irish-free-state/|teideal=Ráthcairn: Land &amp; Language Reform In The Irish Free State – The Irish Story|údar=Barry Sheppard|dáta=2014|language=en-IE|dátarochtana=2024-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mar chuid den scéim seo a thionscain an coiste 'Muintir na Gaeltachta' (faoi stiúir [[Mháirtín Uí Chadhain]] agus Choimisiún na Talún), d'aistrigh 40 teaghlach idir 1935 agus 1937 ó &quot;cheantair chúnga&quot; i gConamara go dtí na bailte fearainn seo: Ráth Chairn, Laimbé, Driseog, Tulach na nÓg, Baile Mhistéala agus Doire Longain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cartlann.ie/items/browse?page=236&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core,Title&amp;sort_dir=d|teideal=Brabhsáil Míreanna · Cartlann Ghaeltacht Chonamara|language=ga|work=www.cartlann.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329140515/https://www.cartlann.ie/items/browse?page=236&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core,Title&amp;sort_dir=d|archivedate=2024-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Íomhá:Giving way to Irish in the Baile Ghib Gaeltacht - geograph.org.uk - 704757.jpg|mion|Baile Ghib]]
Lean na daoine leo ag labhairt na Gaeilge go nádúrtha, ach thóg sé na blianta fada orthu stádas oifigiúil Gaeltachta a bhaint amach. Tháinig coilíneacht eile den chineál chéanna ar an bhfód i m[[Baile Ghib]] sa chontae céanna, ach níor éirigh léi chomh maith le Ráth Chairn, ós rud é nár tháinig lucht an mhíntíreachais ansin ón áit chéanna ar dtús. 

Bhronn an Rialtas stádas oifigiúil ar Ráth Chairn agus ar Bhaile Ghib sa bhliain [[1967]], tar éis feachtais chearta sibhialta a d'eagraigh Craobh Cearta Sibhialta na Gaeltachta, Ráth Chairn.&lt;ref&gt;gaelport.com  &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.gaelport.com/sonrai-nuachta?NewsItemID=2582%5B%5D&lt;/nowiki&gt;  (Dúnadh gaelport.com in 2014)&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 1973 a bunaíodh Comharchumann Ráth Chairn chun pleanáil agus forbairt a dhéanamh don cheantar. Is iad na &quot;coilíneachtaí&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Tugadh &quot;coilíneachtaí&quot; orthu sna 1930idí&lt;/ref&gt; seo i g[[Cúige Laighean]] an t-aon cheantar oifigiúil Gaeltachta in oirthear na tíre. 

Is í [[Gaeilge Chonnacht]] an chanúint a labhraítear i n[[Gaeltacht na Mí]], ó tháinig an chuid ba mhó den phobal as Conamara. Chuaigh canúintí dúchasacha Ghaeilge Laighean in éag thart ar céad bliain ó shin.

== Daoine ==
Tháinig daoine mór le rá i saol na Gaeilge as Gaeltacht na Mí. Is as Ráth Chairn do [[Bláthnaid Ní Chofaigh|Bhláthnaid Ní Chofaigh]], agus is as ceantar Bhaile Ghib do [[Hector Ó hEochagáin]]. Láithreoirí iad an bheirt acu, agus iad ag obair do [[RTÉ]], ach bíonn Hector le feiceáil go minic ar [[TG4]] chomh maith.

Cé gur rugadh [[Darach Ó Catháin]] i Maimín, Conamara, tógadh i Ráth Chairn é. Bhí Darach ar dhuine de phríomhamhránaithe sean-nóis a linne. Deir neart daoine gurbh é ab fhearr. I measc na n-amhrán atá le fáil ar a dhlúthdhiosca 'Darach Ó Catháin' tá 'Amhrán na Japs', leagan damanta de 'Oró Sé do Bheatha 'bhaile' agus 'Caisleán Uí Néill'. Tá an dlúthdhiosca sin ar fáil ó [[Gael Linn|Ghael Linn]]. Agus Póg mo thón.

Is as Dún Doire (gar go leor do Ráth Chairn) don [[amhránaí]] agus [[múinteoir]] [[Nollaig Ní Laoire]].

== Seirbhísí Foghlama Teanga ==
Eagraítear go leor cúrsaí do dhaoine atá ag iarraidh Gaeilge a fhoghlaim i Ráth Chairn. I measc na ndreamanna sin a eagraíonn cúrsaí ann tá [[Gael Linn]]. Tá nasc déanta ag [[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Maigh Nuad]] le Ráth Chairn agus cuirtear cúrsaí teastais oíche ar siúl i rith an gheimhridh do dhaoine a bhfuil Gaeilge acu atá ina gcónaí i bhfoisceacht fiche míle den cheantar.
== Íomhánna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:An_siopa.JPG| An Siopa
Image:An_bredan_feasa.JPG|An Bradán Feasa
Image:An Halla Rath Cairn.jpg| An Halla 
Image:An_scoil_Rath_Cairn.jpg| An Scoil Náisiúnta
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[An Turas Aniar|''An Turas Aniar'']]

* [[Coimisiún Talún na hÉireann]] 
* [[Gaeltacht Bhaile Ghib]] 

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://www.rathchairn.com www.rathchairn.com]
* [https://www.facebook.com/gaeltachtadh/?locale=cy_GB Caomhnú Ráth Chairn] ar Facebook

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rath Cairn}}
[[Catagóir:Bailte i gContae na Mí]]
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  <page>
    <title>Tomás Ó Fiaich</title>
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Scoláire, [[staraí]] agus [[Cairdinéal]] ab ea '''Tomás Séamus Ó Fiaich''' ([[3 Samhain]] [[1923]] – [[8 Bealtaine]] [[1990]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/o-fiaich-tomas-a6356|teideal=Ó Fiaich, Tomás|údar=dib.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí sé ina [[Ardeaspag]] ar [[Ard Mhacha]] agus ina Phríomháidh ar Éirinn Uile ó 1977 go dtí a bhás. ''Thomas Fee'' an t-ainm a tugadh air ar dtús. Ghlac sé leis an leagan Gaelaithe nuair a bhí sé ina léachtóir i [[Maigh Nuad]].
 
[[Íomhá:Tomás Ó Fiaichrnf.jpg|mion|clé|220px|Is i Rann na Feirste atá Leacht Cuimhneacháin Thómáis Uí Fhiaich, suite in aice le Coláiste Bhríde. D'oscail an Cairdinéal Ó Fiaich Coláiste Bhríde i Rann na Feirste san am a bhí an áit go mór ina chroí aige.]]
== Tús a shaoil ==
Rugadh i g[[Coilleach Eanach]] i g[[Contae Ard Mhacha]] in Éirinn é an 3 Samhain 1923. Tógadh i g[[Camloch]] é. [[Múinteoir|Múinteoirí]] a thuismitheoirí, Pádraig Ó Fiaich agus Áine Ní Fhearchair, agus bhí mac eile acu, Pádraig.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Cailleadh an mháthair nuair nach raibh ach ocht mbliana d’aois ag Tomás, agus is í deirfiúr an athar a thug aire don [[teaghlach]] ina dhiaidh sin. Fuair sé a chuid [[Bunscoil|bunscolaíochta]] sa [[An Creagán, Contae Ard Mhacha|Chreagán Dubh]], mar a raibh a athair ina phríomhoide, agus is ann a mhúscail múinteoir óg a spéis sa [[An Ghaeilge|Ghaeilge]]. Ansin d’fhreastail sé ar Scoil Ghramadaí Naomh Pádraig in Ard Mhacha.
 
Chuaigh sé chun na hollscoile i [[Ollscoil Mhá Nuad|Maigh Nuad]] (1940-44) agus bahin sé céim BA amach sa léann Ceilteach. Cuireadh go Coláiste Pheadair i Loch Garman é, agus oirníodh ina shagart é an 6 Meitheamh 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
 
Rinne sé staidéar iarchéime i g[[Coláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath]] (1948–1950) agus ghnóthaigh sé céim M.A. sa luathstair agus i stair na meánaoiseanna in Éirinn. Ina dhiaidh sin rinne sé staidéar ó 1950 go 1952 in ollscoil [[Leuven|Lováin]] na [[An Bheilg|Beilge]], mar ar bhain sé amach ceadúnas sna heolaíochtaí staire (Lic.Sc.Hist.) lena thráchtas ''The Church in Armagh under lay control''. 
 
Chaith sé tamall ina dheoise féin ansin mar shéiplíneach i bparóiste Chluain Fhiacail, [[Contae Thír Eoghain]].
 
== Maigh Nuad ==
Fuair sé post mar léachtóir staire i g[[Ollscoil Mhá Nuad|Coláiste Phádraig, Maigh Nuad]] sa bhliain 1953. Ceapadh ina [[Ollamh]] le Nua-Stair na hÉireann é sa bhliain 1959, post a bhí aige go dtí 1974. Bhí sé ina leasuachtarán ar an gcoláiste ó 1970 go 1974 agus ina uachtarán air ó 1974 go 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
 
== Ardeaspag agus cairdinéal ==
Tar éis bhás an Chairdinéil [[William Conway]] i mí Aibreáin 1977, cheap an [[Pápa Pól VI]] ina Ardeaspag ar Ard Mhacha agus ina Phríomháidh ar Éirinn Uile é an [[18 Lúnasa]] [[1977]]. Coisreacadh ina easpag é an 2 Deireadh Fómhair 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Rinne an [[Pápa Eoin Pól II]] cairdinéal de an [[30 Meitheamh]] [[1979]], agus ceapadh ina shagart cairdinéalach ar theideal San Patrizio sa Róimh é. ''Fratres in unum'' an mana a bhí aige.
 
Ba é an chéad ócáid mhór dá réimeas an chuairt a thug an Pápa Eoin Pól II ar Éirinn ó 29 Meán Fómhair go 1 Deireadh Fómhair 1979, an chéad chuairt riamh ó phápa ar an tír. Bhí Ó Fiaich lena thaobh ar feadh na cuairte ar fad.
 
== Na Trioblóidí ==
Bhain conspóid lena cheapachán mar gheall ar a dhílseacht dá dhúiche féin, dúiche a bhí sáite s[[Na Trioblóidí|na Trioblóidí]] idir [[Poblachtánachas in Éirinn|Poblachtánaigh]], [[Dílseachas|Dílseoirí]] agus [[Arm na Breataine]] lena linn. Deirtear go raibh “Ó Fiaich gafa idir thine an dá arm, é ag iarraidh dul i bhfeidhm ar an dá thaobh, an [[IRA Sealadach|IRA]] agus rialtas na Breataine agus [[Aontachtóirí na hÉireann|Aontachtaithe]] Uladh”.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Mheas [[Rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe|rialtas na Breataine]] agus rialtas na Poblachta araon go raibh sé ró-bháúil leis na Sealadaigh, agus ba mhinic é faoi cháineadh ó Aontachtaithe chomh maith.
 
Thug sé cuairt ar phríosúnaigh phoblachtánacha i bpríosún na Ceise Fada, agus cháin sé go géar na dálaí ina rabhthas á gcoinneáil le linn na hagóide salaí. Le linn [[Stailc ocrais 1981|stailc ocrais 1981]] measadh gur imir sé tionchar faoi rún ar an dá thaobh. Mar sin féin, cháin sé an foréigean féin arís is arís eile.[[Íomhá:Inscribed plaque, Cardinal Tomás Ó Fiaich - geograph.org.uk - 2424532.jpg|mion|220px|Plaic i g[[Cionn Caslach]]]]
== An Ghaeilge agus a shaothar ==
Ó na [[1950idí]] ar aghaidh bhí Ó Fiaich ar dhuine de mhórphearsana athbheochan na [[Gaeilge]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=1689|teideal=Tomás Ó Fiaich|údar=ainm.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=LÚNASA 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sheas sé go láidir i gcoinne naimhde na Gaeilge le linn dó a bheith i Maigh Nuad, agus chuir sé go mór le scoláireacht na [[Teanga (cumarsáid)|teanga]] chomh maith. Bhí aithne mhaith air i n[[Gaeltacht]] [[Contae Dhún na nGall|Thír Chonaill]] agus is iomaí lá a chaith sé ar cuairt inti.
 
D’fhoilsigh sé i rith 1960–79:
 
* ''Gaelscrínte i gcéin'' (1960) (eagrán nua faoin teideal ''Gaelscrínte san Eoraip'', 1986); ''Irish cultural influences in Europe'' (1966);
* ''Leabhar Aifrinn don phobal'' (1966) (aistriúchán ar ''The people’s Mass book'');
* ''Imeacht na nIarlaí'' (1972) (le Pádraig de Barra);
* ''Má Nuad'' (1972);
* ''Art Mac Cooey and his times'' (1973); ''Art Mac Cumhaigh: dánta'' (1973);
* ''Columbanus in his own words'' (1974);
* ''Oliver Plunkett: Ireland’s new saint'' (1975); ''Oilibhéar Pluincéid'' (1976);
* ''Art Mac Bionaid: dánta'' (1979) (i gcomhar le Liam Ó Caithnia).
Ba é a bhí ag cabhrú le [[Pádraig Ó Fiannachta]] chun leabhair an Tiomna Nua a stiúradh tríd an gcló.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Foilsíodh cnuasach dá chuid aistí i 1992 faoin teideal ''Ón Chreagán go Ceann Dubhrann''.
[[Íomhá:TOmas O Fiaich plaque.jpg|mion|293x293px|in ómós dó, 1987]]

== Bás ==
Fuair Ó Fiaich bás de thaom croí i [[Toulouse]] na [[An Fhrainc|Fraince]] tráthnóna an 8 Bealtaine 1990, agus é i gceannas ar oilithreacht bhliantúil Ard-Deoise Ard Mhacha go [[Lourdes]]. Bhí sé 66 bliana d’aois. Bhí sé tinn go gairid tar éis dó Aifreann a rá ag an uaimh in Lourdes agus tugadh ar héileacaptar chuig ospidéal i Toulouse é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Cuireadh i reilig Ardeaglais Phádraig in Ard Mhacha é.  Cahal Daly a tháinig i gcomharbacht air mar ardeaspag agus mar chairdinéal.[[Íomhá:Sign, Cardinal O'Fiach Square, Crossmaglen - geograph.org.uk - 1447355.jpg|mion|220px|Cearnóg an Chairdinéil Uí Fhiaich i g[[Crois Mhic Lionnáin]]]]
== Oidhreacht ==
Bhí a fhios ag Tomás Ó Fiaich faoi na scannail ghnéis san eaglais (Fr. Sean Fortune srl).&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://thedublinreview.com/article/on-the-ferns-report/|teideal=On the Ferns Report|language=en-GB|work=The Dublin Review|dátarochtana=2026-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ach ní raibh na scannail sin san fhearann poiblí i ndáiríre nuair a bhí sé ina Chairdinéal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://magill.ie/archive/clerical-sex-abuse-they-knew-they-insured-and-then-did-nothing|teideal=Clerical sex abuse: They knew, they insured and then did nothing {{!}} Magill|work=magill.ie|dátarochtana=2026-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260818180753/https://magill.ie/archive/clerical-sex-abuse-they-knew-they-insured-and-then-did-nothing|archivedate=2026-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osclaíodh Leabharlann Chuimhneacháin an Chairdinéil Tomás Ó Fiaich in Ard Mhacha an 8 Bealtaine 1999. Tá bailiúchán fairsing ábhair ann faoi bhéaloideas, oidhreacht agus stair na hÉireann, chomh maith le páipéir phearsanta an chairdinéil féin agus cartlanna ardeaspag Ard Mhacha siar go dtí lár an 18ú haois.
 
Ainmníodh [[Cultúrlann McAdam Ó Fiaich]] i mBéal Feirste in ómós dó. Is san fhoirgneamh sin a bunaíodh [[Coláiste Feirste]], an chéad iar-bhunscoil lán-Ghaeilge i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart Éireann]].
 
== Foinsí ==
Tá a [[Beathaisnéis|bheathaisnéis]] scríofa ag [[Risteárd Ó Glaisne]], ''Tomás Ó Fiaich'' (1990), agus ag Billy Fitzgerald, ''Father Tom: an authorised portrait of Father Tomás Ó Fiaich'' (1990).
 
== Féach freisin ==
 
* [[Cionn Caslach]]
* [[Cultúrlann McAdam Ó Fiaich]]
* [[Ollscoil Mhá Nuad]]
* [[Stailc ocrais 1981]]
* [[Pápa Eoin Pól II]]
 
== Tagairtí ==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ofiaich.ie/cardinal-tomas-ofiaich|teideal=Cardinal Tomás Ó Fiaich|údar=Leabharlann Chuimhneacháin an Chairdinéil Tomás Ó Fiaich|dátarochtana=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fiaich, Tomas O}}
 
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1923]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1990]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Ard Mhacha]]
[[Catagóir:Cairdinéil]]
[[Catagóir:Scoláirí Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Scoláirí an Léinn Cheiltigh]]
[[Catagóir:Ardeaspaig Ard Mhacha]]
[[Catagóir:Staraithe Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Mhá Nuad]]</text>
      <sha1>a2wcj72jki3ga2vdb3nlnbssarap80w</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sanasaíocht</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18994</id>
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        <id>600</id>
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      <comment>/* Naisc sheachtracha */</comment>
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      <text bytes="978" sha1="dn3gio3vewfm7pauw7sj3bnub0jjl65" xml:space="preserve">Staidéar stair na bhfocal is ea '''sanasaíocht'''. Baineann an staidéar seo le cá huair ar tháinig focal isteach i [[teanga (cumarsáid)|dteanga]], cá háit ónar tháinig sé agus cad é mar a d'athraigh sé trí am maidir lena fhoirm agus a chiall. Tá an tsanasaíocht bunaithe ar dhlíthe na foghraíochta stairiúla agus an éabhlóid shéimeantach de na téarmaí atá i gceist.

Toisc go bhfuil teangacha éigine ró-shean le heolas díreach a aimsiú fúthu (eolas scríofa mar shampla), is minic a bhaintear úsáid as [[teangeolaíocht chomparáideach]] le heolas a athchruthú. Trí úsáid teicníce a thugtar an &quot;modh comparáideach&quot; uirthi, is féidir le teangeolaithe fios a bhaint amach faoi mhatháirtheangacha roinnte agus iad ag amharc ar theangacha gaolta.

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://www.teanga.info/bunadas/?hl=ga Bunadas] – bunachar d’fhocail ghaolmhara i dteangacha éagsúla

[[Catagóir:Sanasaíocht| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangeolaíocht]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Taoschnó</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27716</id>
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      <text bytes="2700" sha1="pxxniioeo0i7q1tdci8h0zffbmu868v" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bia}}

Is [[císte]] beag friochta é an '''taoschnó''' (doughnut), déanta as [[taos]] meala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=https://blogs.transparent.com/irish/an-gate-is-deanai-ariana-agus-na-taoschnonna/ |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915082503/http://blogs.transparent.com/irish/an-gate-is-deanai-ariana-agus-na-taoschnonna/ |archivedate=2015-09-15 |dátarochtana=2017-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an taoschnó i gcruth [[fáinne]] go minic (mura bhfuil taoschnónna lán suibhe é). 

[[Íomhá:Doughnuts 5.jpg|mion|clé]]
[[Íomhá:Krispy Kreme Cake Batter Doughnut close up (35871303236).jpg|mion|Krispy Kreme&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.krispykreme.ie/|teideal=Krispy Kreme Movie Night Doughnuts {{!}} Krispy Kreme Ireland|work=www.krispykreme.ie|dátarochtana=2022-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cake Batter Doughnut ]]

== Cócaireacht ==
Déantar [[taos]] ([[plúr]], [[Ubh|uibheacha]], [[siúcra]] agus comhábhair eile a mheascadh le chéile) chun taoschnónna a dhéanamh. Tá raimhre an taois tábhachtach.

Maisítear taoschnónna le rudaí éagsúla ar nós [[subh]], [[siúcra]], [[seacláid]] agus ábhair eile nach iad. 

Itear taoschnónna de ghnáth mar [[Milseog|mhilseog]] nó mar scroid. 

== Sláinte ==
Bïonn taoschnó ar cheann de na rudaí is measa a thabharfá do pháiste le n-ithe, agus na tuismitheoirí comhpháirteach sa bhfiontar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-scribhneoir-gaeilge-craite-ag-an-krispy-kreme-24hr-drive-thru/|teideal=An scríbhneoir Gaeilge cráite ag an Krispy Kreme 24HR Drive Thru…|údar=Mícheál Ó Ruairc|dáta=19 DF 2018|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mar shampla,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;“Taoschnónna te ón oigheann. Cinn Mheiriceánacha. Díoltar i mboscaí iad. Dosaen i ngach bosca. Tá an-ráchairt go deo orthu. Tá daoine áirithe ag ceannach sé nó seacht gcinn de bhoscaí agus á n-alpadh i bhfigiúirí dúbailte ar an turas abhaile sa ghluaisteán, deirtear. Tá daoine ag tiomáint ó Thír Chonaill, ó Luimneach, ó Chorcaigh chun iad a fháil. Fiú tá muintir Dheisceart na Cathrach seo ag trasnú abhainn na Life chun iad a fháil, an gcreidfeá é? Tá an-éileamh go deo orthu . . .”&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Stair ==
Thosaigh an ''Salvation Army'' ag bacáil taoschnónna ar feadh an [[Cogadh Cathartha na Stát Aontaithe|Chogaidh Cathartha na Stát Aontaithe]].

== Cultúr ==
Ceiliúrtar ''Lá Náisiúnta an Taoschnó'' gach bliain sna [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Stáit Aontaithe]] ar an [[2 Meitheamh]]. 

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
 
[[Catagóir:Bia]]
[[Catagóir:Milseogra]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Áine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>31189</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="5515" sha1="4nxsvr2lysieedg9as1isw80sog0r6a" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
Ba [[bandia|bhandia]] Gaelach an fhlaithis, ghrá, tsaibhris agus tsamhraidh í '''Áine'''.  Maítear mar Chinn Óir í ag cuid mhaith de [[Teaghlach|chlanna]] Éireannacha.

Tá baint aici leis an n[[grian]]&lt;ref name=&quot;McKillop1&quot;&gt;MacKillop, James (1998) ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology'' Oxford: Oxford University Press {{ISBN|0-19-280120-1}} ll. 10, 16, 128&lt;/ref&gt;  agus lár an t[[Samhradh|samhraidh]], agus léirítear uaireanta í mar láir dhearg.  Mar bhandia an fhlaithis, féadann sí cumhacht an rí agus a bhronnadh agus a thógáil.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meehan&quot;/&gt;

Iníon Egobail (mac altrama [[Manannán mac Lir|Mhanannán mac Lir]]) atá inti, agus deirfiúr [[Aillen]] (ball de [[Tuatha Dé Danann]] a bhí maraithe ag [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]]).

Tá baint láidir ag Áine le [[Contae Luimnigh]].  Tá Cnoc Áine&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.logainm.ie/1623.aspx Cnoc Áine] ar logainm.ie&lt;/ref&gt; ainmnithe in ómós di, agus adhradh ann í le deasghnátha tine agus beannú na talún, chomh gairid is 1879.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meehan&quot;&gt;Meehan, Cary, [http://themodernantiquarian.com/site/7737/cnoc_aine.html Cnoc Áine], Contae Luimnigh, ar themodernantiquarian.com&lt;/ref&gt; Cuimhnítear í sa cheantar seo mar Bhanríon na [[Sióg]].  Tá gaol aici chomh maith le háiteanna amhail is Tobar Áine, [[Contae Thír Eoghain]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |
url = http://www.ulsterplacenames.org/ainm_index_-_water_names_t.htm |
accessdate = 2011-09-22 |
teideal = Ainm Index - Water Names: &quot;T&quot; |
dátarochtana = 2019-08-06 |
archivedate = 2016-03-09 |
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160309205016/http://www.ulsterplacenames.org/ainm_index_-_water_names_t.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dún Áine,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.logainm.ie/1742.aspx Dún Áine] ar logainm.ie&lt;/ref&gt; [[Contae Lú]]; Lios Áine, [[Contae Dhoire]];  agus Cnoc Áine gar do Theileann,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.logainm.ie/130443.aspx Teileann] ar logainm.ie&lt;/ref&gt; [[Contae Dhún na nGall]].

==Seanscéalta==
I luathscéalta, faightear í i dteannta le [[Rí na Mumhan|Rí leathmhiotasach na Mumhan]], [[Ailill Aulom]].  Deirtear gur  éithigh sé í, ach gur bhain sí a chluas ag deireadh an fhogha, agus dá bharr a bhua-ainm, ''Aulom''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/4971 au] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807123643/http://dil.ie/4971 |date=2019-08-07 }}, [http://dil.ie/30602 lomm] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;.  De réir an dlí SeanGhaelaigh, níorbh fhéidir ach duine &quot;gan smál&quot; bheith i gceannas.  Mar gheall air an gcithréim seo a d fhág Áine air, bhí sé neamhinniúil bheith ina rí.  Maíonn sleachta  Ailealla, na h[[Eóganachta]], gurb í Áine a sinsear.&lt;ref name=Byrne&gt;Byrne, Francis John (2001) ''Irish Kings and High-Kings''. Four Courts Press. 2nd revised edition&lt;/ref&gt;

I scéalta eile, is bean chéile [[Gerald Fitzgerald|Ghearóid Mhic Ghearailt]], 3ú hIarla Dheas-Mhumhan í Áine.  In ionad pósta chomhthoiliúil, d'éithigh sé í (bunaithe ar scéal Ailealla is léir), agus bhain sí díoltas amach á iompú ina ghé, nó á mharú, nó an dá rud.&lt;ref name=&quot;McKillop1&quot;/&gt;  Maíonn an chlann Mhic Ghearailt go bhfuil nasc acu le hÁine; in ainneoin a mbunús [[Normannaigh|Normannach]], d'aithneofaí an chlann úd a bheith &quot;[[Níos Gaelaí ná na Gaeil féin]].&quot;

I leagan eile fós dá scéal, bean chéile nó iníon [[Manannán mac Lir|Mhanannán mhic Lir]] an ea í.  Ceiliúradh [[Oíche Fhéile Eoin]] ina honóir.&lt;ref&gt;{{
cite web |
url = https://thesilvervoice.wordpress.com/2011/06/22/june-23rd-midsummer-bonfire-night/ |
teideal = June 23rd: Midsummer Irish Style |
date = June 22, 2011
}}&lt;/ref&gt;  I gContae Luimnigh, cuimhnítear í ar na mallaibh mar Bhanríon na Sidhe.

== Bandéithe gaolmhara==
Deirtear scaití i ndearmad gurb ionann Áine agus [[Danu]], óir go bhfuil breac-chosúlacht idir a hainm agus [[Anu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;McKillop1&quot;/&gt;

D'fhéadfadh é go bhfuil &quot;Áine&quot;, a bhfuil cáil aici mar an sidhe is cumhachtaí na nUladh, leagan den phearsa chéanna.&lt;ref&gt;Charles Squire. [http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/cml/cml19.htm#page_245 ''Celtic Myth and Legend.''] ''The Gaelic Gods: Chapter XV. the Decline and Fall of the Gods'', lch. 245.&lt;/ref&gt;

Creidtear gurb í [[Grian]], bandia, nó deirfiúr Áine, léiriú eile d'Áine, nó fiú &quot;[[Macha]] i mbréagriocht&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;McKillop2&quot;&gt;MacKillop (1998) ll. 10, 70, 92&lt;/ref&gt;  B'fhéidir é go raibh ról séasúrach déach-bandé ag an mbeirt acu, (amhail is [[Cailleach]] agus [[Brigit]]), ag léiriú &quot;dhá ghrian na bliana&quot;: Áine an ghrian mhór, agus Grian an ghrian bheag.&lt;ref name=&quot;McKillop2&quot;/&gt;

==Foinsí==
* [[Francis John Byrne|Byrne, Francis John]], ''Irish Kings and High-Kings''. Four Courts Press. 2a eagrán athbhreithnithe, 2001.
* [[Peter Berresford Ellis|Ellis, Peter Berresford]], ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology'', Oxford University Press, (1994): {{ISBN|0-19-508961-8}}
* [[James MacKillop|MacKillop, James]]. ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-19-280120-1}}.
* [[Dáithí Ó hÓgáin|O hÓgáin, Dáithí]] &quot;Myth, Legend and Romance: An Encyclopedia of the Irish Folk Tradition&quot;, Prentice Hall Press, (1991) : {{ISBN|0-13-275959-4}} (an chéad foclóir amháin le fáil le tagairtí ar gach iontráil)
* Wood, Juliette, ''The Celts: Life, Myth, and Art'', Thorsons Publishers (2002): {{ISBN|0-00-764059-5}}

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{Scéalta miotaseolaíochta}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aine}}
[[Catagóir:Bandéithe na nGael]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Inis Trá Tholl</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <id>33120</id>
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      <comment>/* */ Tábla daonra</comment>
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Is [[oileán]] [[Éire]]annach í '''Inis Trá Tholl.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Logainm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/14546|title=Inis Trá Tholl/Inishtrahull {{!}} logainm.ie|publisher=[[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]]|access-date=2023-06-22|language=ga|work=[[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (Logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá [[teach solais]] ar a chósta thiar. 

[[File:Inishtrahull Landing - geograph.org.uk - 1012858.jpg|thumb|260px| An gcé]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;

|+ Daonra&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín | url=http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?Maintable=CNA17&amp;Planguage=0 | teideal=CNA17: Population by Off Shore Island, Sex and Year|údar=Central Statistics Office|dátarochtana=ctober 12, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| '''Bliain''' || '''Daonra''' || '''±%''' || '''Bliain''' || '''Daonra''' || '''±%''' || '''Bliain''' || '''Daonra''' || '''±%'''
|-
|'''1841''' || 54 ||    —    ||'''1936''' ||  4 ||  −89.7% ||'''1986''' ||  6 || +100.0%
|-
|'''1851''' || 68 ||  +25.9% ||'''1946''' ||  4 ||    0.0% ||'''1991''' ||  0 || −100.0% 
|-
|'''1861''' || 55 ||  −19.1% ||'''1951''' ||  4 ||    0.0% ||'''1996''' ||  0 ||    0.0%
|-
|'''1871''' || 53 ||   −3.6% ||'''1956''' ||  4 ||    0.0% ||'''2002''' ||  0 ||    0.0%
|-
|'''1881''' || 49 ||   −7.5% ||'''1961''' ||  5 ||  +25.0% ||'''2006''' ||  0 ||    0.0%
|-
|'''1891''' || 53 ||   +8.2% ||'''1966''' ||  3 ||  −40.0% ||'''2011''' ||  0 ||    0.0%
|-
|'''1901''' || 65 ||  +22.6% ||'''1971''' ||  3 ||    0.0% ||'''2016''' ||  0 ||    0.0%
|-
|'''1911''' || 80 ||  +23.1% ||'''1979''' ||  3 ||    0.0% ||           ||    ||         
|-
|'''1926''' || 39 ||  −51.2% ||'''1981''' ||  3 ||    0.0% ||           ||    ||         
|}

==Tagairtí==
{{Reflist}}

{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:Oileáin na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Oileáin Chontae Dhún na nGall]]
[[Catagóir:Tithe Solais na hÉireann]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Teimpléad:Teachtaí Dála an 31ú Dáil</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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|name      = Teachtaí Dála an 31ú Dáil
|state     = 
|title     = [[An 31ú Dáil|Teachtaí Dála an 31ú Dáil]]
|bodyclass = hlist

|above     = 
Mar [[An 31ú Dáil|a toghadh chun na Dála sa bhliain 2011]], le hathruithe&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceann Comhairle]]: [[Seán Barrett (polaiteoir i nDún Laoghaire)|Seán Barrett]]

|group1 = [[Fine Gael]] (66)
|list1  = [[James Bannon|Bannon]]{{·}} [[Tom Barry|Barry]]{{·}} [[Pat Breen|Breen]]{{·}} '''[[Richard Bruton|Bruton]]'''{{·}} [[Ray Butler (polaiteoir)|Butler]]{{·}} [[Catherine Byrne|C. Byrne]]{{·}} [[Joe Carey|Carey]]{{·}} [[Paudie Coffey|Coffey]]{{·}} [[Áine Collins|A. Collins]]{{·}} [[Paul (Óg) Connaughton|Connaughton]]{{·}} [[Noel Coonan|Coonan]]{{·}} [[Marcella Corcoran Kennedy|Corcoran Kennedy]]{{·}} [[Michael Creed|Creed]]{{·}} [[Jim Daly|J. Daly]]{{·}} [[John Deasy (Fine Gael)|Deasy]]{{·}} '''[[Jimmy Deenihan|Deenihan]]'''{{·}} [[Pat Deering|Deering]]{{·}} '''[[Leo de Varad|de Varad]]'''{{·}} [[Regina Doherty|R. Doherty]]{{·}} [[Paschal Donohoe|Donohoe]]{{·}} [[Andrew Doyle|Doyle]]{{·}} [[Bernard Durkan|Durkan]]{{·}} [[Damien English|English]]{{·}} [[Alan Farrell|Farrell]]{{·}} [[Frank Feighan|Feighan]]{{·}} '''[[Frances Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald]]'''{{·}} [[Peter Fitzpatrick|Fitzpatrick]]{{·}} '''[[Charles Flanagan|C. Flanagan]]'''{{·}} [[Brendan Griffin|Griffin]]{{·}} [[Noel Harrington|Harrington]]{{·}} [[Tom Hayes|T. Hayes]]{{·}} '''[[Phil Hogan|Hogan]]'''{{·}} [[Heather Humphreys|H. Humphreys]]{{·}} [[Derek Keating|Keating]]{{·}} [[Paul Kehoe|Kehoe]]{{·}} [[Anthony Lawlor|Lawlor]]{{·}} [[Seosamh Mac Aodha|Mac Aodha]]{{·}} [[Donnchadh Mac Fhionnlaoich|Mac Fhionnlaoich]]{{·}} [[Gabrielle McFadden|McFadden]]{{·}} [[Tony McLoughlin|McLoughlin]]{{·}} [[Olivia Mitchell|Mitchell]]{{·}} [[Mary Mitchell O'Connor|Mitchell O'Connor]]{{·}} [[Michelle Mulherin|Mulherin]]{{·}} [[Dara Murphy|D. Murphy]]{{·}} [[Eoghan Murphy|E. Murphy]]{{·}} [[Dan Neville|Neville]]{{·}} [[Eiléana Nic an tSaoi|Nic an tSaoi]]{{·}} [[Diarmuid Ó Buitiméir|Ó Buitiméir]]{{·}} [[Seán Ó Cadhain (polaiteoir)|Ó Cadhain]]{{·}} [[Ciarán Ó Canáin|Ó Canáin]]{{·}} '''''[[Éanna Ó Coinnigh|É. Ó Coinnigh]]'''''{{·}} '''[[Síomón Ó Cómhanaigh|Ó Cómhanaigh]]'''{{·}} [[Pádraig Ó Donnabháin|Ó Donnabháin]]{{·}} [[Kieran O'Donnell|O'Donnell]]{{·}} [[Fergus O'Dowd|O'Dowd]]{{·}} [[Síomón Ó hEarchaí|Ó hEarchaí]]{{·}} [[Máirtín Ó hEideáin|Ó hEideáin]]{{·}} [[John O'Mahony (polaiteoir)|O'Mahony]]{{·}} '''[[Micheál Ó Nuanáin|Ó Nuanáin]]'''{{·}} [[Joe O'Reilly|O'Reilly]]{{·}} [[John Perry|Perry]]{{·}} [[John Paul Phelan|J. P. Phelan]]{{·}} '''[[James Reilly|Reilly]]'''{{·}} [[Michael Ring|Ring]]{{·}} [[Alan Shatter|Shatter]]{{·}} [[David Stanton|Stanton]]{{·}} [[Liam Twomey|Twomey]]

|group2 = [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Páirtí an Lucht Oibre]] (33)
|list2  = '''''[[Joan Burton|Burton]]'''''{{·}} [[Eric Byrne|E. Byrne]]{{·}} [[Michael Conaghan|Conaghan]]{{·}} [[Ciara Conway|Conway]]{{·}} [[Joe Costello (polaiteoir Éireannach)|Costello]]{{·}} [[Robert Dowds|Dowds]]{{·}} [[Anne Ferris|A. Ferris]]{{·}} [[Dominic Hannigan|Hannigan]]{{·}} '''[[Brendan Howlin|Howlin]]'''{{·}} [[Kevin Humphreys|K. Humphreys]]{{·}} [[Alan Kelly (polaiteoir)|Kelly]]{{·}} [[Seán Kenny|S. Kenny]]{{·}} [[Ciarán Lynch|C. Lynch]]{{·}} [[Kathleen Lynch|K. Lynch]]{{·}} [[John Lyons|Lyons]]{{·}} [[Éamon Mac Giollamóir|Mac Giollamóir]]{{·}} [[Eamonn Maloney|Maloney]]{{·}} [[Michael McCarthy|McCarthy]]{{·}} [[Gerald Nash|Nash]]{{·}} [[Derek Nolan|Nolan]]{{·}} [[Aodhán Ó Ríordáin|Ó Ríordáin]]{{·}} [[Jan O'Sullivan|J. O'Sullivan]]{{·}} [[Ann Phelan|A. Phelan]]{{·}} '''[[Ruairi Quinn|Quinn]]'''{{·}} '''[[Pat Rabbitte|Rabbitte]]'''{{·}} [[Brendan Ryan|Ryan]]{{·}} [[Seán Sherlock|Sherlock]]{{·}} [[Arthur Spring|Spring]]{{·}} [[Emmet Stagg|Stagg]]{{·}} [[Joanna Tuffy|Tuffy]]{{·}} [[Jack Wall|Wall]]{{·}} [[Alex White|White]]

|group3 = [[Fianna Fáil]] (21)
|list3  = [[Bobby Aylward|Aylward]]{{·}} [[John Browne (Fianna Fáil)|Browne]]{{·}} [[Niall Collins|N. Collins]]{{·}} [[Barry Cowen|Cowen]]{{·}} [[Seán Fleming|S. Fleming]]{{·}} [[Colm Keaveney|Keaveney]]{{·}} [[Billy Kelleher|Kelleher]]{{·}} [[Séamus Kirk|Kirk]]{{·}} [[Michael P. Kitt|Kitt]]{{·}} [[Breandán Mac Gabhann|Mac Gabhann]]{{·}} [[Dara Mac Giolla Laoire|Mac Giolla Laoire]]{{·}} [[Charlie McConalogue|McConalogue]]{{·}} [[Michael McGrath]]{{·}} [[John J. McGuinness|McGuinness]]{{·}} [[Michael Moynihan (Polaiteoir Corcaíoch)|Moynihan]]{{·}} [[Éamon Ó Cuív|Ó Cuív]]{{·}} [[Liam Ó Deághaidh|Ó Deághaidh]]{{·}} [[Tadhg Ó Dubhlaoigh|Ó Dubhlaoigh]]{{·}} [[Seán Ó Fearghaíl|Ó Fearghaíl]]{{·}} ''[[Mícheál Ó Máirtín|Ó Máirtín]]''{{·}} [[Roibeard Ó Troithigh|Ó Troithigh]]

|group4 = [[Sinn Féin]] (14)	
|list4  = [[Michael Colreavy|Colreavy]]{{·}} [[Brian de Stainléigh|de Stainléigh]]{{·}} [[Martin Ferris|M. Ferris]]{{·}} ''[[Gearóid Mac Ádhaimh|Mac Ádhaimh]]''{{·}} [[Seán Mac Concradha|Mac Concradha]]{{·}} [[Deasún Mac Eilis|Mac Eilis]]{{·}} [[Pádraig Mac Lochlainn|Mac Lochlainn]]{{·}} [[Sandra McLellan|McLellan]]{{·}} [[Máire Laoise Mhic Dhomhnaill|Mhic Dhomhnaill]]{{·}} [[Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin|Ó Caoláin]]{{·}} [[Piaras Ó Dochartaigh|P. Ó Dochartaigh]]{{·}} [[Jonathan O'Brien|O'Brien]]{{·}} [[Aengus Ó Snodaigh|Ó Snodaigh]]{{·}} [[Peadar Tóibín|Tóibín]]

|group5 = [[Comhghuaillíocht Frith-Dhéine-Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|CFD-CPRB]] (4)	
|list5  = [[Risteard Buíd Bairéid|Buíd Bairéid]]{{·}} [[Rút Coipingéir|Coipingéir]]{{·}} [[Joe Higgins|Higgins]]{{·}} [[Paul Murphy (Polaiteoir Éireannach)|Murphy]]

|group6 = [[Renua Éireann]] (3)	
|list6  = ''[[Lucinda Creighton|Creighton]]''{{·}} [[Billy Timmins|Timmins]]{{·}} [[Terence Flanagan|T. Flanagan]]

|group7 = [[Na Daonlathaigh Shóisialta]] (3)	
|list7  = ''[[Stephen Donnelly|Donnelly]]''{{·}} ''[[Catherine Murphy|C. Murphy]]''{{·}} ''[[Róisín Shortall|Shortall]]''

|group8 = [[Grúpa Gníomhaíochta na n-Oibrithe is iad atá Dífhostaithe|Grúpa Gníomhaíochta na n-Oibrithe&lt;br /&gt;is iad atá Dífhostaithe]] (1)	
|list8  = [[Séamus Healy|Healy]]

|group9 = [[Neamhspleách (polaitíocht)|Neamhspleáigh]] (19)
|list9  = [[Tommy Broughan|Broughan]]{{·}} [[Joan Collins (polaiteoir)|J. Collins]]{{·}} [[Seán Conlan|Conlan]] {{·}} [[Clare Daly|C. Daly]]{{·}} [[Michael Fitzmaurice|Fitzmaurice]]{{·}} [[Tom Fleming|T. Fleming]]{{·}} [[John Halligan|Halligan]]{{·}} [[Michael Healy-Rae|Healy-Rae]]{{·}} [[Michael Lowry|Lowry]]{{·}} [[Peter Mathews|Mathews]]{{·}} [[Finian McGrath|F. McGrath]]{{·}} [[Mattie McGrath]]{{·}} [[Michael McNamara|McNamara]]{{·}} [[Denis Naughten|Naughten]]{{·}} [[Patrick Nulty|Nulty]]{{·}} [[Nollaig Ó Griallais|Ó Griallais]]{{·}} [[Maureen O'Sullivan (polaiteoir)|M. O'Sullivan]]{{·}} [[Willie Penrose|Penrose]]{{·}} [[Thomas Pringle|Pringle]]{{·}} [[Shane Ross|Ross]]{{·}} [[Mick Wallace|Wallace]] 

|below = 
{{·}} ''Cló Iodálach'' = Ceannairí na bPairtithe '''Trom''' = Airí
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Catagóir:Dáil Éireann|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Catagóir:Teimpléid]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>r3rvxfpbk2l5x1nzjtif5c0c3sgpj0e</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Úitseach</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52609</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331752</id>
      <parentid>1155373</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T19:02:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>47196</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="1501" sha1="bm178otqnwm3oeielcyjnhpwm0l5rmz" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}}
[[Luch sléibhe]] mhór ionsaitheach, dúchasach do [[Meiriceá Thuaidh|Mheiriceá Thuaidh]] is ea Úitseach.  

Uaireanta tochlaíonn sé brocais sa choill don [[Geimhreadh|gheimhreadh]]. Tugtar ''collach talún'' air freisin. 
[[Íomhá:Groundhogday2005.jpg|clé|mion]]

== Féilire ==
Ceiliúrtar Lá an Úitsigh i b[[Pennsylvania]] iartharach ar an 2 Feabhra sna [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Stáit Aontaithe]], nó lá Philib Phunxsutawney (Punxsutawney Phil)&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=https://blogs.transparent.com/irish/la-an-uitsigh-2-feabhra-%E2%80%A6-agus-me-ar-bis-ag-fanacht-le-pilib-phunxsutawney/ |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202202910/https://blogs.transparent.com/irish/la-an-uitsigh-2-feabhra-%E2%80%A6-agus-me-ar-bis-ag-fanacht-le-pilib-phunxsutawney/ |archivedate=2021-02-02 |dátarochtana=2018-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;.Traidisiún Gearmánach is mó atá i gceist.  Réamhinsint [[Aimsir (meitéareolaíocht)|aimsir]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;e atá ar siúl ar Lá an Úitsigh, cosúil le réamhinsint aimsire a bhíodh ar siúl ar [[Lá Fhéile Bríde]] (1 Feabhra) chomh maith.&lt;ref name=&quot;FreamhanEolais&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Úitseach|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=691}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}} 

{{Fréamh an Eolais}}
{{síol ainmhí}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Uitseach}}
[[Catagóir:Creimirí]]
[[Catagóir:Mamaigh]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>54294</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331735</id>
      <parentid>1210476</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T17:53:54Z</timestamp>
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        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
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      <text bytes="1324" sha1="8vprmzbrgbdasu1hyls19pauqvc24m1" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bogearraí}}

Is [[aip]] do [[guthán cliste|ghutháin chliste]] é '''vine''' (is ionann sin agus fíniúin sa Ghaeilge) inar féidir físeáin bheaga suas le 6 shoicind a thaifeadadh agus a roinnt. Tá sé nasctha le agus is fochuid de [[Twitter]] é.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mashable Hands On&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last= Price |first=Emily|teideal=Hands On With Twitter's Social Video App, Vine|dáta=24 Ean, 2013 |url= http://mashable.com/2013/01/24/hands-on-with-vine/ |foilsitheoir=Mashable |accessdate=26 Ean, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Baldwin |first=Roberto |url=http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2013/03/now-you-can-embed-6-seconds-of-vine-heaven/ |teideal=WIRED – Now You Can Embed 6 Seconds of Vine Heaven |foilsitheoir=wired.com |date=March 29, 2013 |dáta=10 Aib, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416080953/http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2013/03/now-you-can-embed-6-seconds-of-vine-heaven |archivedate=Aibreán 16, 2013 |dátarochtana=Eanáir 5, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Féach freisin==
* [[Keek]]
* [[Mixbit]]
* [[Snapchat]]

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}

==Naisc sheachtracha==
* [http://vine.co/ Vine.co - Suíomh gréasáin oifigiúil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106135207/http://vine.co/ |date=2022-01-06 }}

{{Síol-bogearraí}}

[[Catagóir:Aipeanna]]
[[Category:Twitter]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rút Coipingéir</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>57074</id>
    <revision>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bhog LametinoWiki an leathanach [[Ruth Coppinger]] go [[Rút Coipingéir]]: Leagan Gaeilge</comment>
      <origin>1331393</origin>
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      <text bytes="1889" sha1="dnqi5jodfwze9w5rtw9pxdk06uxracn" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach í '''Rút Coipingéir''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/bill/2026/92/eng/initiated/b9226d.pdf|teideal=An Bille um Inscne Neamhdhénártha agus Daoine Idirghnéasacha a Aithint, 2026|údar=[[Oireachtas]]|dáta=24 Meán Fómhair, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''''Ruth Coppinger''''' mar is fearr aithne air. Toghadh chun na Dala sa bhliain [[2014]] í i bhfothoghchán tar éis gur éirigh an TD [[Patrick Nulty]] as.

Toghadh í den chéad uair in 2014. Sheas sí san [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2016|Olltoghchán 2016]] agus toghadh í le 16% de na vótaí céad rogha. 

Theip uirthi in 2020. Bhí Paul Donnelly (SF) ar bharr an chomhairimh in 2020 le 12,456 vóta agus toghadh é ar an gcéad chomhaireamh. Ní raibh ach iarrthóir amháin ag Sinn Féin.  Coppinger is fearr a rinne as scaipeadh an fharasbairr de 3,730 vóta: fuair sí 50% acu, ach fós bhí sí 500 vóta gann ar shuíochán.

Fuair Ruth Coppinger (PsB) 1,553 vóta sna [[Toghcháin áitiúla na hÉireann, 2024|toghcháin áitiúla 2024]] i g[[Caisleán Cnucha]].  

Toghadh í in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2024|Olltoghchán 2024]].

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Baile Átha Cliath Thiar (Dáilcheantar)]]
* [[:Catagóir:Baile Átha Cliath Thiar|Polaiteoirí i mBaile Átha Cliath Thiar]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Baile Átha Cliath Thiar]]


{{Teachtaí Dála an 31ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Coppinger, Ruth}}
[[Catagóir:Baill den 32ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 31ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill an Pháirtí Shóisialaigh]]
[[Catagóir:Múinteoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Category:Teachtaí Dála mná]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1967]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Baile Átha Cliath Thiar]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 34ú Dáil]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1937" sha1="24j22pwoacdp45ec33zq54kzcc2ve60" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach í '''Rút Coipingéir''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/bill/2026/92/eng/initiated/b9226d.pdf|teideal=An Bille um Inscne Neamhdhénártha agus Daoine Idirghnéasacha a Aithint, 2026|údar=[[Oireachtas]]|dáta=24 Meán Fómhair, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''''Ruth Coppinger''''' mar is fearr aithne air. Toghadh chun na Dala sa bhliain [[2014]] í i bhfothoghchán tar éis gur éirigh an TD [[Patrick Nulty]] as.

Toghadh í den chéad uair in 2014. Sheas sí san [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2016|Olltoghchán 2016]] agus toghadh í le 16% de na vótaí céad rogha. 

Theip uirthi in 2020. Bhí Paul Donnelly (SF) ar bharr an chomhairimh in 2020 le 12,456 vóta agus toghadh é ar an gcéad chomhaireamh. Ní raibh ach iarrthóir amháin ag Sinn Féin.  Coppinger is fearr a rinne as scaipeadh an fharasbairr de 3,730 vóta: fuair sí 50% acu, ach fós bhí sí 500 vóta gann ar shuíochán.

Fuair Rút Coipingéir ([[Pobal seachas Brabús/Dlúthpháirtíocht|PsB]]) 1,553 vóta sna [[Toghcháin áitiúla na hÉireann, 2024|toghcháin áitiúla 2024]] i g[[Caisleán Cnucha]].  

Toghadh í in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2024|Olltoghchán 2024]].

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Baile Átha Cliath Thiar (Dáilcheantar)]]
* [[:Catagóir:Baile Átha Cliath Thiar|Polaiteoirí i mBaile Átha Cliath Thiar]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Baile Átha Cliath Thiar]]


{{Teachtaí Dála an 31ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Coppinger, Ruth}}
[[Catagóir:Baill den 32ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 31ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill an Pháirtí Shóisialaigh]]
[[Catagóir:Múinteoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Category:Teachtaí Dála mná]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1967]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Baile Átha Cliath Thiar]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 34ú Dáil]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dáithí Ó Cuileannáin</title>
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      <comment>Bhog LametinoWiki an leathanach [[David Cullinane]] go [[Dáithí Ó Cuileannáin]]: Leagan Gaeilge</comment>
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      <text bytes="1745" sha1="7un6bqkpr7tzyh45wny07lhf8xemhyn" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is [[Teachta Dála]] le [[Sinn Féin]] é '''Dáithí Ó Cuileannáin''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/bill/2026/67/eng/initiated/b6726d.pdf|teideal=An Bille Sláinte (Leasú), 2026|údar=[[Oireachtas]]|dáta=17 Meitheamh, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''''David Cullinane''''' mar is fearr aithne air (a rugadh ar an [[4 Iúil]] [[1974]]). Toghadh Ó Cuileannáin mar TD don chéad uair in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2016|Olltoghchán 2016]] i b[[Port Láirge (Dáilcheantar)|Port Láirge]]. Bhí a dhóthain vótaí ag Dáithí Ó Cuileannáin (SF) le beirt a thoghadh in 2020. Fuair sé 20,569 vóta ach ar an drochuair don pháirtí ní raibh an darna hiarrthóir ag Sinn Féin le buntáiste a bhaint as an rabharta tacaíochta a fuair Sinn Féin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/caolseans-go-mbeidh-an-ceathrar-ceanna-ar-ais-i-bport-lairge/|teideal=Caolseans go mbeidh an ceathrar céanna ar ais i bPort Láirge|údar=Donncha Ó hÉallaithe|dáta=21 Samhain 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-11-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[:Catagóir:Port Láirge (Dáilcheantar)|Polaiteoirí i bPort Láirge]]

* [[Port Láirge (Dáilcheantar)]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{Seanadóir Éireannach reatha}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cullinane, David}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1974]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 24ú Seanad]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 32ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 33ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill Shinn Féin]]
[[Catagóir:Comhairleoirí Áitiúla]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Port Láirge (Dáilcheantar)]]
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Contae Phort Láirge]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 34ú Dáil]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tintin</title>
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Is é '''Tintin''' ainm an phríomhcharachtair i sraith [[leabhar]] i bhfoirm cartúin leis an údar Georges Prosper Remi nó de ghnáth [[Hergé]], cartúnaí [[An Bheilg|Beilgeach]]. Thosaigh an tsraith [[Eachtraí Tintin]] ar an [[10 Samhain]] [[1929]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Les Aventures de Tintin|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Les_Aventures_de_Tintin&amp;oldid=165444444|journal=Wikipédia|date=2019-12-15|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir na scéalta a léamh i mbreis agus 100 teanga anois, an Ghaeilge ina measc.

Is [[iriseoir]] óg é Tintin.

== Gaeilge ==
Tá mórán leabhair curtha leis an tsraith Tintin i nGaeilge ag Dalen Éireann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.dalenllyfrau.com/assets/asterix-agus-tintin-i-ngaeilge.pdf|teideal=Preaseisiúint|údar=dalenllyfrau.com|dáta=12 Samhain 2014|dátarochtana=2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110223143/http://www.dalenllyfrau.com/assets/asterix-agus-tintin-i-ngaeilge.pdf|archivedate=10 Eanáir 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;   &quot;Éiríonn go hiontach le [[Gabriel Rosenstock]] an ghreann agus an imeartas focail a thabhairt leis, sruthanna mallachtaí chomrádaí Tintin, an [[Captaen Haileabó]] san áireamh&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://aonghus.blogspot.com/2017/12/tintin-sa-tibeid.html|teideal=Tintin sa Tibéid|údar=Aonghus|dáta=2017-12-18|work=Smaointe Fánacha Aonghusa|dátarochtana=2020-01-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Carachtair ==

* [[Báinín]]
* [[Captaen Haileabó]]
* [[Mac Grianna agus Ó Grianna]]

== Leabhair ==

* [[Portán na nOrdóg Orga]]
* [[Slat Ríoga Ottokar]]
* [[Tintin sa Tibéid]]
* [[An tOileán Dubh]]
* [[Todóga na bhFarónna]]
* [[Ciste Castafiore]]
* An tAonbheannach Mistéireach
* Taisce Raga Rua

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tintin}}
[[Catagóir:Eachtraí Tintin]]
[[Catagóir:Greannáin]]
[[Catagóir:Greannáin Ghaeilge]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Teimpléad:Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil</title>
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|state     = 
|title     = [[An 32ú Dáil|Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil]]
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|above     = 
Mar [[An 32ú Dáil|a toghadh chun na Dála sa bhliain 2016]], le hathruithe&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceann Comhairle]]: [[Seán Ó Fearghaíl]]

|group1 = [[Fine Gael]] (50)
|list1  = [[Maria Bailey|Bailey]]{{·}} [[Seán Barrett (Fine Gael)|Barrett]]{{·}} [[Pat Breen|Breen]]{{·}} [[Colm Ó Bróithe|Ó Bróithe]]{{·}} [[Richard Bruton|Bruton]]{{·}} [[Peter Burke|Burke]]{{·}} [[Catherine Byrne|C. Byrne]]{{·}} [[Ciarán Cannon|Cannon]]{{·}} [[Joe Carey|Carey]]{{·}} [[Marcella Corcoran Kennedy|Corcoran Kennedy]]{{·}} [[Simon Coveney|Coveney]]{{·}} [[Michael Creed|Creed]]{{·}} [[Jim Daly|J. Daly]]{{·}} [[Michael W. D'Arcy|D'Arcy]]{{·}} [[John Deasy (Fine Gael)|Deasy]]{{·}} [[Pat Deering|Deering]]{{·}} [[Regina Doherty|R. Doherty]]{{·}} [[Paschal Donohoe|Donohoe]]{{·}} [[Andrew Doyle|Doyle]]{{·}} [[Bernard Durkan|Durkan]]{{·}} [[Damien English|English]]{{·}} [[Alan Farrell|Farrell]]{{·}} [[Frances Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald]]{{·}} [[Peter Fitzpatrick|Fitzpatrick]]{{·}} [[Charles Flanagan|Flanagan]]{{·}} [[Brendan Griffin|Griffin]]{{·}} [[Síomón Ó hEarchaí|Ó hEarchaí]]{{·}} [[Martin Heydon|Heydon]]{{·}} [[Heather Humphreys|Humphreys]]{{·}} [[Paul Kehoe|Kehoe]]{{·}} [[Éanna Ó Coinnigh|E. Ó Coinnigh]]{{·}} [[Seán Kyne|Kyne]]{{·}} [[Josepha Madigan|Madigan]]{{·}} [[Helen McEntee|McEntee]]{{·}} [[Joe McHugh|McHugh]]{{·}} [[Tony McLoughlin|McLoughlin]]{{·}} [[Mary Mitchell O'Connor|Mitchell O'Connor]]{{·}} [[Dara Murphy|D. Murphy]]{{·}} [[Eoghan Murphy|Eoghan Murphy]]{{·}} [[Hildegarde Naughton|H. Naughton]]{{·}} [[Tom Neville (polaiteoir)|Neville]]{{·}} [[Micheál Ó Nuanáin|Ó Nuanáin]]{{·}} [[Kate O'Connell|O'Connell]]{{·}} [[Pádraig Ó Donnabháin|Ó Donnabháin]]{{·}} [[Fergus O'Dowd|O'Dowd]]{{·}} [[John Paul Phelan|Phelan]]{{·}} [[Michael Ring|Ring]]{{·}} [[Noel Rock|Rock]]{{·}} [[David Stanton|Stanton]]{{·}} ''[[Leo de Varad|de Varad]]''

|group2 = [[Fianna Fáil]] (44)
|list2  = [[Bobby Aylward|Aylward]]{{·}} [[John Brassil|Brassil]]{{·}} [[Declan Breathnach|Breathnach]]{{·}} [[Séamus de Brún|de Brún]]{{·}} [[Máire de Buitléir|de Buitléir]]{{·}} [[Tomás Ó Broin (An Mhí Thoir)|T. Ó Broin]]{{·}} [[Jackie Cahill|Cahill]]{{·}} [[Dara Mac Giolla Laoire|Mac Giolla Laoire]]{{·}} [[Pat Casey|Casey]]{{·}} [[Shane Cassells|Cassells]]{{·}} [[Lisa Chambers|L. Chambers]]{{·}} [[Seán Mac Ambróis|Mac Ambróis]]{{·}} [[Niall Collins|N. Collins]]{{·}} [[Barry Cowen|Cowen]]{{·}} [[John Curran|Curran]]{{·}} [[Stephen Donnelly|Donnelly]]{{·}} [[Tadhg Ó Dubhlaoigh|Ó Dubhlaoigh]]{{·}} [[Seán Fleming|Fleming]]{{·}} [[Pat the Cope Gallagher|Gallagher]]{{·}} [[Seán Haughey|Haughey]]{{·}} [[Billy Kelleher|Kelleher]]{{·}} [[John Lahart|Lahart]]{{·}} [[Séamas Laighléis|Laighléis]]{{·}} ''[[Mícheál Ó Máirtín|M. Ó Máirtín]]''{{·}} [[Breandán Mac Gabhann|Breandán Mac Gabhann]]{{·}} [[Charlie McConalogue|McConalogue]]{{·}} [[Michael McGrath|Michael McGrath]]{{·}} [[John J. McGuinness|McGuinness]]{{·}} [[Marc MacSharry|MacSharry]]{{·}} [[Aindrias Moynihan|A. Moynihan]]{{·}} [[Michael Moynihan (polaiteoir Corcaíoch)|M. Moynihan]]{{·}} [[Margaret Murphy O'Mahony|Murphy O'Mahony]]{{·}} [[Eugene Murphy|Eugene Murphy]]{{·}} [[Darragh Ó Briain|D. Ó Briain]]{{·}} [[Jim O'Callaghan|O'Callaghan]]{{·}} [[Éamon Ó Cuív|Ó Cuív]]{{·}} [[Liam Ó Deághaidh|Ó Deághaidh]]{{·}} [[Kevin O'Keeffe|O'Keeffe]]{{·}} [[Fiona O'Loughlin|O'Loughlin]]{{·}} [[Frank O'Rourke|O'Rourke]]{{·}} [[Anne Rabbitte|Rabbitte]]{{·}} [[Éamonn Ó Scannláin|Ó Scannláin]]{{·}} [[Niamh Smyth|Smyth]]{{·}} [[Roibeard Ó Troithigh|Ó Troithigh]]

|group3 = [[Sinn Féin]] (21)
|list3  = ''[[Gearóid Mac Ádhaimh|Mac Ádhaimh]]''{{·}} [[Seán Ó Bradaigh|Ó Bradaigh]]{{·}} [[Páid Ó Buachalla|Ó Buachalla]]{{·}} [[Muiris Ó Caoindealbháin|Ó Caoindealbháin]]{{·}} [[Seán Mac Concradha|S. Mac Concradha]]{{·}} [[David Cullinane|Cullinane]]{{·}} [[Piaras Ó Dochartaigh|P. Ó Dochartaigh]]{{·}} [[Dessie Ellis|Ellis]]{{·}} [[Martin Ferris|M. Ferris]]{{·}} [[Kathleen Funchion|Funchion]]{{·}} [[Martin Kenny|M. Kenny]]{{·}} [[Máire Laoise Mhic Dhomhnaill|Mhic Dhomhnaill]]{{·}} [[Denise Mitchell|Mitchell]]{{·}} [[Imelda Munster|Munster]]{{·}} [[Jonathan O'Brien|J. O'Brien]]{{·}} [[Eoin Ó Broin|Ó Broin]]{{·}} [[Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin|Ó Caoláin]]{{·}} [[Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire|Ó Laoghaire]]{{·}} [[Louise O'Reilly|O'Reilly]]{{·}} [[Aengus Ó Snodaigh|Ó Snodaigh]]{{·}} [[Brian de Stainléigh|de Stainléigh]]

|group4 = [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Páirtí an Lucht Oibre]] (7)
|list4  = [[Joan Burton|Burton]]{{·}} ''[[Brendan Howlin|Howlin]]''{{·}} [[Alan Kelly (polaiteoir)|Kelly]]{{·}} [[Brendan Ryan|Ryan]]{{·}} [[Seán Sherlock|Sherlock]]{{·}} [[Jan O'Sullivan|J. O'Sullivan]]{{·}} [[Willie Penrose|Penrose]]

|group5 = [[Comhghuaillíocht Frith-Dhéine-Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|CFD-CPRB]] (6)
|list5  = [[Mick Barry|Barry]]{{·}} [[Risteard Buíd Bairéid|Buíd Bairéid]]{{·}} [[Rút Coipingéir|Coipingéir]]{{·}} [[Gino Kenny|G. Kenny]]{{·}} [[Paul Murphy (Polaiteoir Éireannach)|Murphy]]{{·}} [[Bríd Smith|Smith]]

|group6 = [[Independents 4 Change]] (3)
|list6 = [[Joan Collins (polaiteoir)|J. Collins]]{{·}} [[Clare Daly|C. Daly]]{{·}} [[Mick Wallace|Wallace]]

|group7 = [[Na Daonlathaigh Shóisialta]] (2)
|list7  = ''[[Catherine Murphy|C. Murphy]]''{{·}} ''[[Róisín Shortall|Shortall]]''

|group8 = [[Comhaontas Glas]] (2)
|list8  = [[Catherine Martin|Martin]]{{·}} ''[[Éamon Ryan|Ryan]]''

|group9 = [[Grúpa Gníomhaíochta na n-Oibrithe is iad atá Dífhostaithe|Grúpa Gníomhaíochta na n-Oibrithe&lt;br /&gt;is iad atá Dífhostaithe]] (1)	
|list9  = [[Séamus Healy|Healy]]

|group10 = [[Neamhspleách (polaitíocht)|Neamhspleáigh]] (21)
|list10  = [[Tommy Broughan|Broughan]]{{·}} [[Seán Canney|Canney]]{{·}} [[Michael Collins (polaiteoir)|M. Collins]]{{·}} [[Caitríona Ní Chonghaile|Ní Chonghaile]]{{·}} [[Michael Fitzmaurice (polaiteoir)|Fitzmaurice]]{{·}} [[Nollaig Ó Griallais|Ó Griallais]]{{·}} [[John Halligan|Halligan]]{{·}} [[Michael Harty|Harty]]{{·}} [[Danny Healy-Rae|D. Healy-Rae]]{{·}} [[Michael Healy-Rae|M. Healy-Rae]]{{·}} [[Michael Lowry|Lowry]]{{·}} [[Finian McGrath|F. McGrath]]{{·}} [[Mattie McGrath]]{{·}} [[Kevin Moran (polaiteoir)|Moran]]{{·}} [[Denis Naughten|D. Naughten]]{{·}} [[Carol Nolan|Nolan]]{{·}} [[Maureen O'Sullivan (polaiteoir)|M. O'Sullivan]]{{·}} [[Thomas Pringle|Pringle]]{{·}} [[Shane Ross|Ross]]{{·}} [[Peadar Tóibín|Tóibín]]{{·}} [[Katherine Zappone|Zappone]]

|below = 
{{·}} ''Cló Iodálach'' = Ceannairí na bPairtithe '''Trom''' = Airí
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Catagóir:Dáil Éireann|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Catagóir:Teimpléid]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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|name      = Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil
|state     = 
|title     = [[An 32ú Dáil|Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil]]
|bodyclass = hlist

|above     = 
Mar [[An 32ú Dáil|a toghadh chun na Dála sa bhliain 2016]], le hathruithe&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceann Comhairle]]: [[Seán Ó Fearghaíl]]

|group1 = [[Fine Gael]] (50)
|list1  = [[Maria Bailey|Bailey]]{{·}} [[Seán Barrett (Fine Gael)|Barrett]]{{·}} [[Pat Breen|Breen]]{{·}} [[Colm Ó Bróithe|Ó Bróithe]]{{·}} [[Richard Bruton|Bruton]]{{·}} [[Peter Burke|Burke]]{{·}} [[Catherine Byrne|C. Byrne]]{{·}} [[Ciarán Cannon|Cannon]]{{·}} [[Joe Carey|Carey]]{{·}} [[Marcella Corcoran Kennedy|Corcoran Kennedy]]{{·}} [[Simon Coveney|Coveney]]{{·}} [[Michael Creed|Creed]]{{·}} [[Jim Daly|J. Daly]]{{·}} [[Michael W. D'Arcy|D'Arcy]]{{·}} [[John Deasy (Fine Gael)|Deasy]]{{·}} [[Pat Deering|Deering]]{{·}} [[Regina Doherty|R. Doherty]]{{·}} [[Paschal Donohoe|Donohoe]]{{·}} [[Andrew Doyle|Doyle]]{{·}} [[Bernard Durkan|Durkan]]{{·}} [[Damien English|English]]{{·}} [[Alan Farrell|Farrell]]{{·}} [[Frances Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald]]{{·}} [[Peter Fitzpatrick|Fitzpatrick]]{{·}} [[Charles Flanagan|Flanagan]]{{·}} [[Brendan Griffin|Griffin]]{{·}} [[Síomón Ó hEarchaí|Ó hEarchaí]]{{·}} [[Martin Heydon|Heydon]]{{·}} [[Heather Humphreys|Humphreys]]{{·}} [[Paul Kehoe|Kehoe]]{{·}} [[Éanna Ó Coinnigh|E. Ó Coinnigh]]{{·}} [[Seán Kyne|Kyne]]{{·}} [[Josepha Madigan|Madigan]]{{·}} [[Helen McEntee|McEntee]]{{·}} [[Joe McHugh|McHugh]]{{·}} [[Tony McLoughlin|McLoughlin]]{{·}} [[Mary Mitchell O'Connor|Mitchell O'Connor]]{{·}} [[Dara Murphy|D. Murphy]]{{·}} [[Eoghan Murphy|Eoghan Murphy]]{{·}} [[Hildegarde Naughton|H. Naughton]]{{·}} [[Tom Neville (polaiteoir)|Neville]]{{·}} [[Micheál Ó Nuanáin|Ó Nuanáin]]{{·}} [[Kate O'Connell|O'Connell]]{{·}} [[Pádraig Ó Donnabháin|Ó Donnabháin]]{{·}} [[Fergus O'Dowd|O'Dowd]]{{·}} [[John Paul Phelan|Phelan]]{{·}} [[Michael Ring|Ring]]{{·}} [[Noel Rock|Rock]]{{·}} [[David Stanton|Stanton]]{{·}} ''[[Leo de Varad|de Varad]]''

|group2 = [[Fianna Fáil]] (44)
|list2  = [[Bobby Aylward|Aylward]]{{·}} [[John Brassil|Brassil]]{{·}} [[Declan Breathnach|Breathnach]]{{·}} [[Séamus de Brún|de Brún]]{{·}} [[Máire de Buitléir|de Buitléir]]{{·}} [[Tomás Ó Broin (An Mhí Thoir)|T. Ó Broin]]{{·}} [[Jackie Cahill|Cahill]]{{·}} [[Dara Mac Giolla Laoire|Mac Giolla Laoire]]{{·}} [[Pat Casey|Casey]]{{·}} [[Shane Cassells|Cassells]]{{·}} [[Lisa Chambers|L. Chambers]]{{·}} [[Seán Mac Ambróis|Mac Ambróis]]{{·}} [[Niall Collins|N. Collins]]{{·}} [[Barry Cowen|Cowen]]{{·}} [[John Curran|Curran]]{{·}} [[Stephen Donnelly|Donnelly]]{{·}} [[Tadhg Ó Dubhlaoigh|Ó Dubhlaoigh]]{{·}} [[Seán Fleming|Fleming]]{{·}} [[Pat the Cope Gallagher|Gallagher]]{{·}} [[Seán Haughey|Haughey]]{{·}} [[Billy Kelleher|Kelleher]]{{·}} [[John Lahart|Lahart]]{{·}} [[Séamas Laighléis|Laighléis]]{{·}} ''[[Mícheál Ó Máirtín|M. Ó Máirtín]]''{{·}} [[Breandán Mac Gabhann|Breandán Mac Gabhann]]{{·}} [[Charlie McConalogue|McConalogue]]{{·}} [[Michael McGrath|Michael McGrath]]{{·}} [[John J. McGuinness|McGuinness]]{{·}} [[Marc MacSharry|MacSharry]]{{·}} [[Aindrias Moynihan|A. Moynihan]]{{·}} [[Michael Moynihan (polaiteoir Corcaíoch)|M. Moynihan]]{{·}} [[Margaret Murphy O'Mahony|Murphy O'Mahony]]{{·}} [[Eugene Murphy|Eugene Murphy]]{{·}} [[Darragh Ó Briain|D. Ó Briain]]{{·}} [[Jim O'Callaghan|O'Callaghan]]{{·}} [[Éamon Ó Cuív|Ó Cuív]]{{·}} [[Liam Ó Deághaidh|Ó Deághaidh]]{{·}} [[Kevin O'Keeffe|O'Keeffe]]{{·}} [[Fiona O'Loughlin|O'Loughlin]]{{·}} [[Frank O'Rourke|O'Rourke]]{{·}} [[Anne Rabbitte|Rabbitte]]{{·}} [[Éamonn Ó Scannláin|Ó Scannláin]]{{·}} [[Niamh Smyth|Smyth]]{{·}} [[Roibeard Ó Troithigh|Ó Troithigh]]

|group3 = [[Sinn Féin]] (21)
|list3  = [[Brian de Stainléigh|de Stainléigh]]{{·}} [[Martin Ferris|M. Ferris]]{{·}} [[Kathleen Funchion|Funchion]]{{·}} [[Martin Kenny|M. Kenny]]{{·}} ''[[Gearóid Mac Ádhaimh|Mac Ádhaimh]]''{{·}} [[Seán Mac Concradha|S. Mac Concradha]]{{·}} [[Deasún Mac Eilis|Mac Eilis]]{{·}} [[Máire Laoise Mhic Dhomhnaill|Mhic Dhomhnaill]]{{·}} [[Denise Mitchell|Mitchell]]{{·}} [[Imelda Munster|Munster]]{{·}} [[Laoise Ní Raghallaigh|Ní Raghallaigh]]{{·}} [[Seán Ó Bradaigh|Ó Bradaigh]]{{·}} [[Jonathan O'Brien|J. O'Brien]]{{·}} [[Eoin Ó Broin|Ó Broin]]{{·}} [[Páid Ó Buachalla|Ó Buachalla]]{{·}} [[Muiris Ó Caoindealbháin|Ó Caoindealbháin]]{{·}} [[Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin|Ó Caoláin]]{{·}} [[Dáithí Ó Cuileannáin|Ó Cuileannáin]]{{·}} [[Piaras Ó Dochartaigh|P. Ó Dochartaigh]]{{·}} [[Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire|Ó Laoghaire]]{{·}} [[Aengus Ó Snodaigh|Ó Snodaigh]]

|group4 = [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Páirtí an Lucht Oibre]] (7)
|list4  = [[Joan Burton|Burton]]{{·}} ''[[Brendan Howlin|Howlin]]''{{·}} [[Alan Kelly (polaiteoir)|Kelly]]{{·}} [[Brendan Ryan|Ryan]]{{·}} [[Seán Sherlock|Sherlock]]{{·}} [[Jan O'Sullivan|J. O'Sullivan]]{{·}} [[Willie Penrose|Penrose]]

|group5 = [[Comhghuaillíocht Frith-Dhéine-Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|CFD-CPRB]] (6)
|list5  = [[Mick Barry|Barry]]{{·}} [[Risteard Buíd Bairéid|Buíd Bairéid]]{{·}} [[Rút Coipingéir|Coipingéir]]{{·}} [[Gino Kenny|G. Kenny]]{{·}} [[Paul Murphy (Polaiteoir Éireannach)|Murphy]]{{·}} [[Bríd Smith|Smith]]

|group6 = [[Independents 4 Change]] (3)
|list6 = [[Joan Collins (polaiteoir)|J. Collins]]{{·}} [[Clare Daly|C. Daly]]{{·}} [[Mick Wallace|Wallace]]

|group7 = [[Na Daonlathaigh Shóisialta]] (2)
|list7  = ''[[Catherine Murphy|C. Murphy]]''{{·}} ''[[Róisín Shortall|Shortall]]''

|group8 = [[Comhaontas Glas]] (2)
|list8  = [[Catherine Martin|Martin]]{{·}} ''[[Éamon Ryan|Ryan]]''

|group9 = [[Grúpa Gníomhaíochta na n-Oibrithe is iad atá Dífhostaithe|Grúpa Gníomhaíochta na n-Oibrithe&lt;br /&gt;is iad atá Dífhostaithe]] (1)	
|list9  = [[Séamus Healy|Healy]]

|group10 = [[Neamhspleách (polaitíocht)|Neamhspleáigh]] (21)
|list10  = [[Tommy Broughan|Broughan]]{{·}} [[Seán Canney|Canney]]{{·}} [[Michael Collins (polaiteoir)|M. Collins]]{{·}} [[Caitríona Ní Chonghaile|Ní Chonghaile]]{{·}} [[Michael Fitzmaurice (polaiteoir)|Fitzmaurice]]{{·}} [[Nollaig Ó Griallais|Ó Griallais]]{{·}} [[John Halligan|Halligan]]{{·}} [[Michael Harty|Harty]]{{·}} [[Danny Healy-Rae|D. Healy-Rae]]{{·}} [[Michael Healy-Rae|M. Healy-Rae]]{{·}} [[Michael Lowry|Lowry]]{{·}} [[Finian McGrath|F. McGrath]]{{·}} [[Mattie McGrath]]{{·}} [[Kevin Moran (polaiteoir)|Moran]]{{·}} [[Denis Naughten|D. Naughten]]{{·}} [[Carol Nolan|Nolan]]{{·}} [[Maureen O'Sullivan (polaiteoir)|M. O'Sullivan]]{{·}} [[Thomas Pringle|Pringle]]{{·}} [[Shane Ross|Ross]]{{·}} [[Peadar Tóibín|Tóibín]]{{·}} [[Katherine Zappone|Zappone]]

|below = 
{{·}} ''Cló Iodálach'' = Ceannairí na bPairtithe '''Trom''' = Airí
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Catagóir:Dáil Éireann|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Catagóir:Teimpléid]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7z08w3qxtd4qlh9lgrlkundag58d1mv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dúblóga Uamacha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>67241</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331675</id>
      <parentid>1328905</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T13:17:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eomurchadha</username>
        <id>4240</id>
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      <origin>1331675</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31609" sha1="irladqlmm8p5hs346ertsi1r0lusd5t" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Reduplication.png|mion|dúblóga uamacha timpeall an domhain&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=World atlas of language structures|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/252699579|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2005|location=Oxford|oclc=252699579|coauthors=|author=M. Haspelmath, M. S. Dryer, D. Gil, B. Comrie|journal=|volume=|issue=}}&lt;/ref&gt; ]]
Is éard atá i gceist le '''dúblóga uamacha''' (''comhaonaid'', ''dúblóga'', ''nathanna macallacha'' nó ''focail eamhnaithe'' uaireanta) ann ná nathanna beaga a bhfuil dhá fhocal iontu agus a bhfuil rím eatarthu de ghnáth. Is féidir an [[focal]] céanna a athrá nó athrú beag a bheith i gceist, ar nós ''rírá'' agus ''ruaille buaille''.

Tá an tógáil sách coitianta sa [[An Ghaeilge|Ghaeilge]], ''rí rá'' mar shampla. 

Feictear samplaí amhail ''helter skelter'' sa Bhéarla, áit a dtugtar ''reduplicated words'', ''reduplicatives'', ''rhyme motivated compounds'', ''echo words'' nó ''flip-flop words'' orthu.

Tá cineál eile dúblóige ann freisin, leithéidí ''gan stop gan stad'', ''beo bocht'', ''briste brúite''. 

==Samplaí sa Ghaeilge==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Sampla !! Míniú !! Foinse
|-
| beag beagadán || duine beag ||
|-
| (seolta) bocóideacha bacóideacha
bucóideacha
bacóideacha (leagan malartach, ní in Ó Dónaill ach scéal i gCnuasach Bhéaloideas Éireann)
| bellying sails. ('chequered' dar le roinnt foinsí) || Ó Dónaill
|-
| bog bogadán || duine bog || 
|-
|bois bais
|'...agus easgainí móra na fairrge thoir agus na fairrge thiar a' teacht ar bhois bais a mhaide-rámha...'
|
|-
|briolla bhrealla/brille bhreaille
|seafóid chainte
|
|-
|briste brúite
|worn out
|
|-
|bulcánta balcánta
|sturdy and strong
|FGB
|-
|cling-cleaing
|clang
|FGB
|-
|ciolar chiot (a dhéanamh de rud)
|rud a bhriseadh ina phíosaí beaga, bia míoltóg a dhéanamh de dhuine
|
|-
|clic cleaic
|click-clack/Clack-clack, trup-trap
|FGB
|-
|cliotar cleatar
|racket, din
|FGB
|-
|clipthe cráite
|tormented
|
|-
|clú agus cáil
|fame
|
|-
|cniogaide cnagaide
|tap-tap (foilsíodh rainn i bhfoirm leabhair ag [[Nicholas Williams]] faoin teideal seo https://www.cic.ie/books/published-books/cniogaide-cnagaide-leabhair-cloite {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207124620/http://www.cic.ie/books/published-books/cniogaide-cnagaide-leabhair-cloite |date=2016-12-07 }})
|
|-
|cogar mogar
|hugger mugger (i.e. jumble, confusion; jumbled, confused)
|
|-
|cosair-easair
|litter, mess
|
|-
|croí cráite
|broken heart, broken-hearted
|
|-
|dáiríre píre
|
|
|-
|de dhoirte dhairte (leagan malartach: de dhorta dharta)
|dartingly, suddenly.
|Tá ''de dhorta dharta'' ar leathanach 226 de [[Deoraithe]] le [[Dónall Mac Amhlaigh]]. Rinne sé de dhurta dharta é, is é sin le rá go ndearna sé go tobann é gan smaoineamh roimh ré.
|-
|dic-dic
|Abhacantalóp atá dúchasach don [[Afraic]] is ea an dic-dic
|
|-
|diúra deabhra (nó dúra dara)
|Bheith i do dhiúra dheabhra, to be in a state of utter confusion, to be left speechless.
|FGB
|-
|thit an drioll ar an dreall aige (Tá &quot;thit an trioll ar an treall&quot; ann fosta.)
|he was flabbergasted; he lost courage
| http://focailfholaithe.fng.ie/content/dr%C3%BAill{{Dead link|date=Aibreán 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|-
|dubhdóite
|sick and tired
|
|-
|dúr dúramán
|duine dúr
|
|-
|duth is dath
|'Bhí sé cinnte orm duth is dath í a choinneáil uaim.'
|Deoraíocht, [[Pádraic Ó Conaire]], lch 44.
|-
|gan dubh gan dath
|without a trace
|FGB
|-
|dúrtam dártam
|suainseán, cúlchaint, gearrchaint, mionchaint.
|
|-
|dúirse-dáirse
|ráfla, on the grape-vine. Leagan eile is ea &quot;[[Dubhairt sé Dabhairt sé]]&quot; an leagan Gaeilge a cuireadh ar theideal dhráma [[Lady Gregory]] a d'aistrigh [[An Seabhac]] Foilsíodh é ar an [[An Claidheamh Soluis]] ar an [[29 Iúil]], [[1911]] Suainseán, cúlchaint, gearrchaint, mionchaint.
|FGB
|-
|éasca péasca
|easy-peasy
|
|-
|faoiste fáiste (a dhéanamh de rud)
|to pooh-pooh sth.; a bheag de dhéanamh de rud
| Leagan malartach is ea ''fuisteo faisteo'' FGB
|-
|figear feaigear
|An rud sin eile, ''thingamy'' ''cá hainm seo atá air''
|FGB
|-
|fíge fí
|a trifling thing
|
|-
|filimín fálaimín
|Humpty-dumpty.
|FGB
|-
|fionna feanna
|jot, nothing. &quot;Níor fágadh fionna feanna ann&quot; - nothing was left there; &quot;ní fiú fionna feanna é&quot; - it is worth nothing.
|
|-
|fite fuaite (le)
|intertwined (with) (i.e. intricately associated with)
|FGB
|-
|flup flap
|flop (aimnfhocal)
|focloir.ie
|-
|ag teacht go folcanta falcanta (leagan malartach folcánta falcánta)
|ag teacht go neartmhar láidir
|FGB
|-
|frois frais (a dhéanamh de rud)
|praiseach a dhéanamh de rud
|
|-
|Fruch frach
|An míniú a thugann FGB ná: bustle, hurry, excitement. 
|FGB
|-
|frumsó framsó nó Fromsó Framsó (focail ráiméise)
|Fromsó Framsó
Bean a dhamhsódh,
A dhéanfadh greann,
A d’ólfadh leann,
A bheadh in am
Anseo ar maidin! Ó ''An Sagart''
Le [[Pádraig Mac Piarais]] 'Spraoi (ag tórramh)' a thugtar air in [[''Foirisiún Focal as Gaillimh'']].
|
|-
|frum fram
|
|Fan Inti, [[Domhnall Mac an tSíthigh]], lch 97.
|-
|&quot;Fú Fá Féasóg&quot;
|fee fo fum
|Sgéalta na bhFianna. Micilín Mac Donnachadha. Cárna.
|-
|fuirseadh fairseadh (a dhéanamh de rud)
|praiseach a dheanamh de rud
|
|-
|fud fad
|
|
|-
|fudar fadar
|praiseach; &quot;fudar a dhéanamh de rud&quot; - praiseach a dhéanamh de rud; Tá rudaí ar fudar fadar - things are in a state of confusion
|
|-
|fuile faile
|confusion, commotion, fuss, hubbub. Leagan malartach: fuithilí faithilí 
|-
|fuithilí faithilí: f.4. (Fuithile faithile 500 Mallacht Ort) 
|duine gan chrích, rud, obair, cainnte etc. gan éifeacht. Níl it fhalla ach fuithilí faithilí oibre. Cá bhfuil an leithead ná an fhuaimeantamhlacht? anuas leis ar an gcéad ghála: obair neamhcheárdamhail: abláil. Fuithilí faithilí ná deárna faic riamh i gceart: útamálaidhe gur cuma leis.
|Seán a' Chóta
|-
|fuimine farc a ghabháil ar dhuine
|léasadh a thabhairt do dhuine
|
|-
|furtla fartla
|fuadar, tranglam
|
|-
|futa fata/fut fat
|gáróid, clismirt, cabaireacht áthais
|
|-
|géaraide goinide
|a leech
|
|-
|giob geab/giub geab
|pecking, mionchaint
|
|-
|ní raibh gíog ná míog as (leagan malartach 'gíocs ná míocs')
|Ní raibh focal le clos uaidh
|
|-
|gírle guairle
|hurly-burly (leagan malartach - gírle má guairle) ''Gírle-ma-guairle'', 'an dusta a thagas nuair a bheitheá ag tolladh leis an tarachair, nó an trathair' dar leis [[An Béal Beo]].
|
|-
|gliog gleaig
|click-clack, chatter. (Cnósach Focal ó Bhaile Bhúirne) ''glig gleaig'' caint gan chiall gan éifeacht
|FGB
|-
|gogaille gó (a dhéanamh de dhuine)
|to send someone on a fool's errand
|
|-
|Gugalaí gug
|leabhar foilsithe ag [[Futa Fata]].
|
|-
|bheith i do hoibín host ag duine
|to be a burden-bearer, a drudge for someone
|
|-
|hip hap/hip hop (agus uaidh sin an téarma ''Hip hapairí'')
|hip hop
|tearma.ie, focloir.ie https://anpáipéar.ie/2025/08/kneecap-ag-an-bpicnic-leictreach-ni-mhuchfar-na-micreafoin-melvin-benn/
|-
|holam halam/hulam holam/hulm halm
|commotion, uproar; confusion. (leagan malartach: hólam tró)
|
|-
|húirte háirte (Leagan malartach ''hurta harta''
|hubbub
|FGB
|-
|hula hairc
|(call to dogs) hark (away)!
|
|-
|Hula hul
|liú fiaigh Ciarraíoch - le feiceáil mar theideal ar leabhar le [[Seán Mac Mathúna]].
|
|-
|hulach halach
|commotion, uproar; noise of chase.
|
|-
|hulúiste huláiste
|yo-heave-ho!
|
|-
|hurla burla
|hurly-burly
|
|-
|-
|Húrla hárla
|Focail ráiméise atá le fáil i rann beag 'Húrla hárla Tuirne is carda..''
|Lch 247 The Book of Aran
|-
|hurla harla
|'tharla an hurla harla' halloo
| Lch 95 Duinnín Bleachtaire
|-
|Ní raibh húm ná hám as
|There was not a sound or a move out of him
|
|-
|hurdaí-gurdaí
|hurdy-gurdy
|
|-
|hurlama giúrlama
|commotion, uproar
|
|-
|huth ná hath
|int. Huh! Ní dúirt sé huth ná hath leis, he said nothing, was non-committal, about it.
|FGB
|- (hú ná há - uaireanta)
|(teanga) liom leat
|double-talk, double-dealer
|Ó Dónaill
|-
|liútar éatar
|raic agus rírá
|
|-
|lí-lé
|níl lí-lé déanta iniubh agum = níl aon ábhar gnótha déanta inniubh agum, níl lí-lé acu = táid dealamh, beó bocht
|Cnósach Focal ó Bhaile Bhúirne
|-
|longar langar
|disorder, confusion
|
|-
|luchartha lochartha
|decrepit
|
|-
|thit an lug ar an lag aige
|he was flabbergasted, chaill sé misneach
|
|-
|lúrapóg lárapóg
|ainm ar chluiche do pháistí ar buille faoi thuairim (FGB); nonsense phrase signifying the galloping of a horse (Dinneen).
|FGB, Dinneen
|-
|luthairt lathairt
|raidhse, mórán
|
|-
|lumpar agus lampar
|bailúchán seanrudaí; &quot;idir lumpar agus lampar&quot;: everything included (fosta: &quot;cruifleog&quot;)
|
|-
|míle murdal! (nó Míle murdar!)
|horror of horrors!
|
|-
|idir mhioth agus mhaith
|idir mhaith agus olc, de gach sórt
|
|-
|meascán mearaí
|
|
|-
|mugadh magadh
|humbug, farce
| (leagan malartach ''munga manga'' = mugadh magadh)
|-
|muranáin maranáin
|little creatures of the sea.
|FGB
|-
|múta máta
|duine gan mhaith, bodach (FGB); one who can do nothing properly (Dinneen)
|FGB, Dinneen
|-
|neam neam
|s. (Child's talk) Sweet, titbit.
|
|-
|niúdar neádar
|1.trifling, indecisive, insipid talk; namby pamby. 2. Hesitant person; dead-and-alive person
|
|-
|núscar náscar
|1. insipiant talk 2. hesitant person, duine lag
|
|-
|gheall sé na hoirc is na hairc dom
|gheall sé gealach is grian dom
|
|-
|ping pang
|an cluiche leadóige boird - bunaithe ar an mBéarla
|
|-
|plinc pleainc
|De thuairt, ceann ar aghaidh, (adv.); &quot;dúirt sé plinc pleainc é&quot; - dúirt sé glan amach é
|[[Liosta Focal as Ros Muc]]
|-
|plob plab
|1. bubbling, gurgling sound. 2. blubbering, incoherent speech
|
|-
|prup-prab
|'prup-prab na tine aitinn'
|lch 32 Conaire Mór, Seacht nDoras na Cinniúna, [[Diarmuid Johnson]], [[Leabhar Breac]].
|-
|rírá
|hubbub, uproar
|
|-
|de rite reaite
|faoi luas
|FGB
|-
|ruaille buaille/rúille búille
|commotion, tumult, confusion
|
|-
|rup rap
|buinneach agus caitheamh amach
|
|-
|rúp ráp
|confusion, din
|
|-
|sciobtha scuabtha
|spick and span
|
|-
|sciob sceab
|scrimisc, brútam
|
|-
|sciot sceat/sciot scot (a dhéanamh de rud)
|to mess up sth.; to cut up something so as only to leave the worst parts
|
|-
|seobob, siobab
|m., haste, hurry, confusion, fluster; diarrhoea. cf hubub an dhob.
|Dinneen
|-
|(tá an bord seo) siugaí siú
|this table is falling apart, unsteady, wobbling
|
|-
|-
|siod sead
|chit-chat
|FGB
|-
|siún sincín
|confused person, exhausted person
|
|-
|sifil seaifil
|'...ag síor-rith chuig dochtúirí faoi chuile shifil sheaifil. 'Chuile frois frais!'
|''Dialann Mo Mháthar'' [[Pádhraic Breathnach]].
|-
|sithe seatha
|suainseán, cúlchaint, gearrchaint, mionchaint.
|FGB
|-
|slis sleais
|
|Ealaín an Aistriúcháin 4: The Jabberwocky. Comhar 72 (5), 22. [[Antain Mac Lochlainn]].
|-
|slubar slabar
|muck, mush
|
|-
|Smid ná smeaid 
|focal ar bith, níor labhair sé smid ná smeaid
(''smid ná smead'' uaireanta https://www.corpas.ie/ga/cng/?q=smid%20n%C3%A1%20smead) 
|[[Foirisiún Focal as Gaillimh]]
|-
|slupar slapar / sluparnach is slaparnach
|an fhuaim a dhéanann uisce atá ag lapadaíl
|
|-
|smuchar smachar
|'smuchar smachar na gcapall'
|lch 82 Conaire Mór, Seacht nDoras na Cinniúna, [[Diarmuid Johnson]], [[Leabhar Breac]].
|-
|snasta blasta
|branda seacláide
|
|-
|sniog sneag
|Lagiarracht ar bhó a chrú. 'Ní raibh sé ach ag sniog sneag leis'. 'D'iarras air dhá bhuicéad a líonadh dom ach ní bhíonn sé siúd ach ag sniog sneag leis'
|
|-
|sníomhaí snámhaí 
|feithid (''spinner'' FGB)
|FGB, agus [[Rí na gCearrbhach]] le [[Seán Ó Dúrois]], agus sa ghearrscéal seo http://www.feasta.ie/2014/meanf/alt4.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107130843/http://www.feasta.ie/2014/meanf/alt4.html |date=2017-11-07 }}
|-
|spior spear (a dhéanamh de rud)
|a bheag a dhéanamh de rud
|
|-
|sancam soncam
| Mias glasraí meascaithe
| FGB
|-
|sputar spatar
|
|Lch 440 [[Cluiche na Corónach]].
|-
|subhach sách/súch sách
|
|Conaire Mór le Diarmuid Johnson
|-
|súm sám
|duine leamh, díbheo, spadaire, duine fuarspreosach, duine spadánta.
|-
|súgach sáthach
|Do dhóthain mhór olta agat.
|-
|tamhach táisc
|commotion, uproar
|
|-
|tiuf-teaf
|Chiffchaff (cineál éin)
|FGB
|-
|tic teaic
|tick-tack, tick-tock; &quot;Cluineann sí tic teaic an chloig.&quot;
|FGB agus lch 71, [[Máire Dinny Wren]], Go mbeinnse choíche saor, cnuasach gearrscéalta
|-
|toiriall tairiall 
|stiall craicinn ó chorpán, (a ndeirtí go raibh draíocht ag roinnt leis)
|
|-
|(Go) torpach tiarpach
|all puffed up, full of pomposity.
|FGB
|-
|treillisg bhreillisg
|melee
|
|-
|triopall treapall
|trailing thing; disorder; confusion &quot;Ná fág gach uile rud ina thriopall treapall&quot; - Ná fág gach rud ina phraiseach.
|
|-
|tromach tramach
|pell-mell, topsy-turvy
|
|-
|bhí *trup trap* acu ar fud an tí
|bhíodar ag siúl go torannach ar fud an tí.
|
|-
|tuf taf
|rancid; &quot;Tá an sneachta alright ach is fearr liom tuf-taf é ná ina phlub-phlab&quot;
|gearrscéal ''Leaca an Tí Mhóir'' le [[Seán Mac Mathúna]]
|-
|tuirseach traochta
|exhausted
|
|-
|trut trat
|sound of tramping feet, noise, din.
|FGB
|}
 
*

==Abairtí agus eile==

GoIna measc seo tá abairtíní beaga agus nathanna a leanann an sainmhíniú thuas nó a thagann leis de bharr litrithe.

* fudar fadar, mix up, mess FGB
* gíog (Sa nath) gíog guag a dhéanamh de dhuine, to confound s.o. utterly. FGB
* Nath, Níl ciú ná ceá aige, he is quite illiterate. FGB
* Niúidí-neáidí EID,  boigeartán, Síle.
* 'siúd isteach an to-tó' Tomhas de chuid Anna Nic an Luain, focal folaithe raiméise ar luchóg. 
* gib-gab, dil.ie/25821 (A.S. origin acc. to Meyer, Wortk. 78 . Cf. Scottish and N. Engl. `giff-gaff'; native formation acc. to Kelly, Celtica xxv 98 ) onomatop. unintelligible gabbling, jargon : gib-gab (gipa-gapa, giba-gapa v.ll.) na gcennaighi, Anecd. ii 72.9 . Cf. gic-goc and see Dinneen s.vv. giob, geab.
* gan frapa gan taca
* steig meig a dhéanamh de dhuine - cloigeann duine a scoilteadh focloir.ie
* Gíoc bíoc! - Peep-bo! FGB
* fuip faip - tagairt do (fhuaim?) ráipéar, An Litir, Liam Mac Cóil. 
* ar bhois agus ar bhais an mhaide rámha
* bhain sé sliseóg dhe thaobh dúrach agus sliseóg de thaobh darach
* Ba mhó a shola ná a dhola, he gained more than he lost. FGB
* siúlach scéalach
* ''Patairín agus Patarún'' – leabhar le h[[Ailbhe Ó Monacháin]]
* Gan “thú&quot; gan “thá” as (David Copperfield, lch 801)
* Ó Stiúcaí Stiúgtha: Bliodar bleadar, fastaím, brille breaille, amaidí-dú-dá, truflais smuflais, réiméis raiméis
* Leabhar Stiofáin Uí Ealaoire 'D'eirghi sé go hú, há, go neart a chrá[mh]...'
* 'hólas bólas' - [[Alan Titley]] - Is fíor go raibh níos mó oideachais orainn seachas mar a bhí aimsir Vítneaim, ach shílfeá nach slogfaí a leithéid hólas bólas arís.
* fiosach feasrach “Níl dochar a bheith fiosach feasrach an uair atá ann”. Nó ‘fiosrach feasrach’, b’fhéidir. Tá ‘fiosrach’ san fhoclóir agus níl ‘fiosach’. Níl aon sampla eile de ‘fiosach’ ach amháin ag [[Seán Mac Meanman]].
* Ící Pící - Amhráin nuachumtha do pháistí
* brútam prúcam prácam [[Alan Titley]] https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/treibh/coincr%C3%A9it-anuas-ar-chne%C3%A1-1.3460643
* Trumpaí Dumptaí agus an Falla Mór
* 'Humtí Dumtí' aistriúchán Gaeilge ar an rann cáiliúil in ''An Tigh a Thóg Seáinín'' le [[Pronnséas Ó Súilleabháin]].
* Filimín Failimín - Humpty Dumpty [[Nicholas Williams]] Lastall
* Munachar agus Manachar - Tweedledum and Tweeldledee [[Nicholas Williams]] Lastall
* Hurú! Hurá! mar aistriú ar ''Callooh! Callay!'' [[An Gheabairleog]], Nicholas Williams
* Fuadar ná feadar [[Peadar Ua Laoghaire]]
* Súistín búistín - ón amhrán ''Léim Thart'' le [[Des Bishop]] agus ón rann Lúrabóg, Lárabóg.&quot;
* Lumpar is Lampar - 'bhailíodar Lumpar is Lampar lasmuigh den sceallóglann...'  Muiris Ó Meára.
&quot;Lúrabóg Lárabóg, buidhe ó n-Éirinn, Éire plubán, plubán súlach, súil na gcaorach, dhá chéad lumán, lumán, láthaigh, súistín, búistín, buille bheag ar bhéicín, buille bheag ar bharr na gcos agus cnap isteach an fhaoideóig
bhuidhe.&quot;
* Dúidín dáidín (An ruidín deas a chaill mé, Go lige Dia na nGrásta Go bhfaighidh mé aríst é.) ón amhrán [[An Dreoilín]].
* Tá léimeadáin againn, preabadáin, siúladáin, scioradáin, cnagadáin, lupadáin, lapadáin, súistín, búistín, agus dib-a-deáb-a-dúistín againn. [[Tuairisc]] https://tuairisc.ie/ta-leimeadain-preabadain-siuladain-scioradain-cnagadain-lupadain-lapadain-suistin-buistin-agus-dib-a-deab-a-duistin-againn/
* Gígí Gaigí Iontais - Ainm Gaeilge a cumadh mar leagan ar Wibbly Wobbly Wonder. https://tuairisc.ie/cen-ghaeilge-ata-ar-wibbly-wobbly-wonder-agus-loop-the-loop/
* ''Aililiú Pililiú'' Jeepers Creepers Ingemar Lejonborg Pádraig Ua Maoileoin 1982 A0741 agus san amhrán [[An Poc ar Buile]].
* tamhach, s. (In phrase) ~ táisc, commotion, uproar. FGB
* Gogaí bogaí - gogaí (Child’s name for) egg. [[Duinnín ar an Sceilig]].
* Rann beag ag Brian Ó Baoill faoi na méara: Ordóg, colagóg, méar fuda fada, mac an aba, lúirín beag ina luí sa log is é ag baint fug do mhamaí.
* taoile tuile
* scríb scrob
* Fear scrob scrab (veidhleadóir)/Ag imirt ar a scríob scrab. lch 18  Cín Lae Amlaoibh
* gíc-goc = gliogaireacht na nGall-Ghael 'Is dócha gurb é béarlagair Gaeilge na Lochlannach atá i gceist sa téacs Airec Menman Uraird Maic Coisse (10ú haois), nuair is faoi gíc-goc Gallgaidhel a labhraítear . . gliogaireacht na nGall-Ghael (M.E. Byme, 1908, 72). In Eirinn agus in Albain, ní hionann agus i Manainn, bhí líon mór cainteoirí Gaeilge lasmuigh de na bailte Lochlannacha, rud a d'fhág gur éirigh leis an nGaeilge stainúil sa dá thír béarlagair Gaelach na Lochlannach a shlogadh sa deireadh thiar thall.' [[Stair na Gaeilge]], [[Nicholas Williams]], lch 740.
* Hong Cong
* Cu-cú - gairm an éin, an chuach. NEID
* Tic Teac - dráma le Púca Puppets
* ho hó, int. Oho! FGB
* had dad = háidí 1. = int. (Admonishing child) Ha! Aha! 2 :ha. FGB
* prúta práta - sa scéal An Tríú Scéal Déag, lch 204 le h[[Alan Titley]]
* Trupall Trapall, Rainn bheaga ón mbéaloideas do pháistí óga, 1972, [[An Gúm]], [[Clíodna Cussen]]
* sníc píc - feicthe in úsáid
* slug slag (gib gab i mBéarla) á rá ag foileán, http://www.potafocal.com/beo/?s=slug+slag {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405152231/http://www.potafocal.com/beo/?s=slug+slag |date=2023-04-05 }}
* na briathra foisteanacha faisteanacha, lch 1 ''An Béal Beo'' le [[Tomás Ó Máille]].
*Chun gur dhein an bhean so leongó liúngó dhom chroí. Casadh an tSúgáin.
*fuis-fais, ciall- ráiméis. Sampla(í) Úsáide: Níl sa sgéal ach fuis fais. (Focail Fholaithe) féach fuis fáis in EID agus FGB a deir gur leagan de faoiste fáiste é seo.
* liop-a-leap; ''sin é an t-iasg go dtugann na béarlóírí “Sunfish” air “Sáimhín” ainm eile air. ó ''An Chéad La Iasgaigh ag Garsún leis an údar [[Common Noun]].
LIOP-A-LEAP / LIOP-A-DA-LEAP, seanfhocal: Chomh sámh le liop-a-da-leap.
* Tharraing sé (leis) é ar an iarach agus ar an árach, he tugged at it every way he could, dragged it along as best he could. 
* och óch! och ochón! Alas! FGB
*hoibín host, s. 1. (a) Load carried on back. (b) Child being   carried pick-a-back. 2. Bheith i do ~ ag duine, to be a burden-bearer,   a drudge, for s.o. (Var:hoibín hos)
* had dad = háidí 
* Haid aid! = have at you! (in beginning a fight) (Con.). Duinnín
* 'fear frélic agus froilic, i seomra nó i halla, 'Sea Dónal na Gréine,' Dónal na Gréine, lch 146, An Blas Muimhneach, Imleabhar II.
* FGB  leathadh   leathadh lúitheach, numbness (of hands from cold).
* (Nath) Go breas nó go treas, by hook or by crook. (FGB)
* Tá na focail 'mirlín murláin' ag [[Doireann Ní Ghríofa]] ina dán ''Míreanna Mearaí'', cé nach dublóg ó cheart an struchtúr.
* Humpty Dumpty.  (Leagan Ciarraíoch.)
 Tá Filimín Falaimín i n áird' ar an bhfalla.
 Thuit Filimín Falaimín anuas ar an dtalamh;
 Dá dtagadh dháréag agus triúr agus dachad
 N'Fhéadfaidís filimín Falaimín a chuir i
 n áird' ar an bhfalla.
* 'Níl fuis ná fais ar do chuid cainte, a Thómais Taobh Istigh' [[Cré na Cille]]
* cliop-cleab - sa dán An Seanmharcach le [[Séamus Barra Ó Súilleabháin]]
* Ní raibh cor ná cor as - Kahlil lch 262
* Paisean Faisean clár teilifíse a bhí ar [[TG4]]
* ''Spluff Splaifeirtí agus an tIonradh ar an bPláinéad Marz'' leabhar leis an scríbhneoir [[Ré Ó Laighléis]].
* Rann páistí Ó Cnuasacht Trágha le [[Mícheál Ó Síocháin]]
 &quot;Sleithide [seilmide] búrtach, bártach,
 Cuir amach do adharca
 Atá na ba bána
 Ag ól do chuid meidhge.&quot;
* dil deail - braon leachta, uisce nó mún cuir i gcás, [[Pádraig Ó Cíobháin]], An Gealas I Lár na Léithe, lch 295.
* lústar flústar, lch 157 Bláth na dTulach, ''Sámhnas Shábha'' gearrscéal le [[Máire Dinny Wren]] agus le fáil i bhfoclóir an Mhianánaigh (a flurry of excitement)
* sciobtha scuabtha, spick and span (FGB)
* murach marach An Cléireach, [[Darach Ó Scolaí]] Lch 155
* Blíps agus Blúps, banna ceoil ag Body&amp;Soul 2022.
* Gígeam agus Geoigeam agus Bol Bocht a Lógam, Scéal Béaloidis as [[Oileán Reachlann]], ba é Domhnall Mac Mhuircheartaigh an cainteoir. 
* ding deaing - fuaim cloig, ''An tEitleán Dofheicthe'', [[Cathal Ó Sándair]].
* Mat agus Muta, [[Clódhanna Teoranta]] (1978) le [[Clíodna Cussen]].
* Plub! Plab! Plip! Plipidíplabadaíplubaidí! - cur síos ar fhuaim na báistí ag [[Bridget Bhreathnach]] ina colún ar [[Tuairisc.ie]] https://tuairisc.ie/plub-plab-plip-plipidiplabadaiplubaidi/
* Na carachtair ''Seacláid, Sicláid agus Siocláid'' sa leabhar ''An Sicín Glas''. Leabhairín saor in aisce do pháistí le Ivan Parvov. [[Gabriel Rosenstock]] a chuir Gaeilge air. Is féidir é a léamh anseo: https://bubutales.com/pdf/TheGreenCh{{Dead link|date=Nollaig 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* 'jingil jeaingil' gearrscéal Alan Titley, An Ceathrú Rí, ar Tuairisc.ie
* Tá ceann le clos san amhrán ''Seán Gabha'' ó [[Oirghialla]], 'Buail seo, Seán gabha, buailimis(t) go teann é, Síodram seodram, síodram seodram, Méadaígí an t-amhrán.
* An rann seo a luaitear ar lch 49, Machnamh Seanmhná, [[Peig Sayers]]. 
 Do dhún mo rosc is is olc mar tá mo chiall
 Tá lagar im chois is stoca bán faoim ghiall;
 Ní fada a bheidh ''och ná boch'' ag mnáibh i mo dhiaidh
 Ach is fada a bheidh corp na loicht ag fail na bpian.
* Thá tú id mhungó mhangó ~ tá tú gan bhrí (Díolaim Dhéiseach)
* Bíonn an nath 'ar bhocht agus ar nocht' ann uaireanta
* Púcaí Schmúcaí: bailiúchán dánta agus rann do pháistí, leabhar le [[Gabriel Rosenstock]]
* ''gan í gan ó'', foinsí éagsúla. Ag an g[[Cadhnach]] is cosúil gutr 'gan deacracht;' is ciall leis. Ag [[Máire Dinny Wren]] seans gur ''gan fhuaim'' atá i gceist. https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4602714/4597887/4631704?ChapterID=4602714
* Manrán Banrán, tríréad téadach a sheinn ag Éigse na Bruiséile
* ''cric-creaic'' an traona sa mhóinfhéar taobh leis.' lch 188, ''An Bheirt Dearbhráthar agus Scéalta Eile'' le [[Máiréad Ní Ghráda]]
* Ná habair maithín ná graithín ina thaobh, say nothing good or bad, nothing whatever, about it. FGB
* Maighdean an tSoluis agus Sgéalta Eile II, In eagar ag Henry Morris, Ainm Cleite, Mac Róigh, Feargus (Bail. / Eag.) Bailitheoir/Eagarthóir, Morris, Henry Dáta cumtha, 1921, Foilsitheoir, Dundalgan Press
 Sgaoil sé leis ins na sidhe siúmannaí, ins na rith ruaimeannaí, ins na ruaimeannaí rith ruadh reatha, go dtabhradh sé cnoc de léim agus gleann de thuslóig, go rabh dubhantaí dubha na h-oidhche ag druidim leis, dubhantaí geala an lae ag druidim uaidh, an gearrán bán ag dul faoi chapóig agus an chapóg ag imtheacht uaidh gur casadh sgaoith gearrfhiadh leis ar thaoibh molaidh shléibhe.
* Prioc preac - Bhí na haon phrioc preac aige orm, he kept teasing me, kept picking at me. [[Cnuasach Focal Ón gCom]]
* ní raibh smid ná smaid aige 'he had nothing to say', 'he was taciturnly silent' Duinnín
* géaraide goinide (súmaire) leech téarma.ie
* ''Baineann an tóir ar fhocail a chur i rím agus aithris a dhéanamh ar chaint duine agus véarsaíocht páistí leis an tréimhse seo, ar nós boisiúige , boiseáige - lúrabóg , larabóg - fromsó , framsó ...'' . -- Seán Ó Curraoin, Boscaí
* gan hú ná há a rá
* sciobtha-scuabtha (tá amhras ann faoin gceann seo)
* lumpar agus lampar, collection of odds and ends FGB
* féirín flóirín dom óirín stóirín lch 16 ag dul i bhfad Alan Titley
* Ar mhuirc mhairc = ar mhuin mhairc 
*  muirc mair, diúra dheabhra, ‘Sean-Eoin' Foilsíodh an leagan Gaeilge de i 1938 - é aistrithe ag Tomás Ó Faoláin - agus chuireadh an t-eagrán seo amach i 1974. Máirín Ní Chriagáin, an t-údar.
* Cá bhfuil na crogaill?
Snip sneap, cluinim sibh,
Maith sibh, a chrogalla,
Anois isteach libh!

Ón rann ''Le do Thoil, a Naoi''

* Rann ó Dúchas.ie https://www.duchas.ie/ga/cbe/9000641/7221089/9076435
&quot;Píosum Pósum, Práitín Rósta,
Poitín uisce i lár na tine
Sin iad mo lánú pósta.&quot;

* bíp búp - cluichí ríomhairí á n-imirt, Dialann Dúradáin An Fhírinne Shearbh le [[Jeff Kinney]] lch 135.
* Plúra Lúra - carachtar ón leabhar faoi na Bopóga, Plúra Lúra agus Na Bopóga
* An Pocaire an pacaire, [[Ó Bhéal an Bhab]]
* BABHLAÍ RABHLAÍ A hoop, the babhlaí, often a wheel off an old bicycle or pram, which children rolled with either a hand or stick in the game of rabhlaí- babhlaí.  [O Dón dictionary: rabhlaí-babhlaí, a child's hoop.]
* fíolta, a3. (Used for síolta in alliterative phrase) fíolta fálta fuirsithe, seeded, fenced and harrowed; completely finished. FGB
* An Coláiste Sinne Muinne, Alan Titley, AN CRANNCHUR. Comhar 79 (4),
* sniog-sneog - clocha a chur ag scinneadh ar bharr an uisce, a bheith ag déanamh sciotar uisce, a bheith ag déanamh sciotairíní https://www.learngaelic.net/dictionary/index.jsp?abairt=sniog-sneog&amp;slang=both&amp;wholeword=false
* Muile-maile: He/She is only a muile/maile - meaning a soft foolish person, easily fooled. Also a person who never never expresses an opinion from either over cautiousness or stupidity https://www.duchas.ie/ga/cbe/9001861/7317215/9119067
* 'Ghabhas [...] Trí Ghúgair (?) trí Ghágair(?), trí shráid a' Sgibirín,' ''Leabhar Sheáin Í Chonaill'', lch 384
* 'Guitsí, Guitsiú, rínce na ngeafaire!' (focail ráiméise?) ''Leabhar Sheáin Í Chonaill'', lch 391
* rann: 'Méirín, miothán, Miothán éit, éit a' ful, eit a' fal,...' ''Leabhar Sheáin Í Chonaill'', lch 393
*  Tharraing sé (leis) é ar an iarach agus ar an árach, he tugged at it every way he could, dragged it along as best he could. Ní scarfadh sé leis ar iarach ná ar árach, he wouldn’t part with it for anything. FGB
* Níl brúscar bruscar ná bráscar agam ach brúscar bruscar go bhfuil mo lámh math maith agam féin leis.' [[Peig Sayers]] ag insint scéil https://www.canuint.ie/ga/QAC000158Ac1
* ''Ag ticeáil agus agus ag tocáil'' cloiste ar [[RnaG]] Bealtaine 2025 tuairisc spóirt
* 'uch ná ach', fuis fáis (lch 153) - Cré na Cille
* snup snap - fuaim [[druid|druideanna]], [[Domhnall Mac an tSíthigh]], Gearr Gonta, Céad Dan le Céad File.
* fuiscín baiscín? (éan de chineál éigin seans?)
* Miscín Meaiscín - carachtar cait sa leabhar ''Ceas an Chait'', lch 56.
* fiaire feá, FGB (B'fhéidir?)
* Hoibín host - FGB
* grig-gráig, an clog a bheith á bhaint i gcomhthéacs an chreidimh, lch 42 ''Deoch an Tobair'', [[Diarmuid Johnson]] a luann an bhunfhoinse [[Buile Shuibhne]], O'Keffe, úsáideadh arís é sa leagan nua den scéal [[Mise Suibhne]] le [[Feargal Ó Bearra]].
* Tur tar - [Gaeilge an Chláir]] https://www.duchas.ie/ga/cbe/9000314/7156078/9057201

==Samplaí i nGaeilge na hAlban==

*fìth-fàth masc - mist of invisibility (or the power to produce said mist)	(féth fíada sa Ghaeilge)
* fàth-fìth masc -mist of invisibility (or the power to produce said mist)
* sù-sì - súisí/sushi [[ACDD]]
* rù-ra/rù-rà - meascán mearaí, praiseach, trína chéile. The Gaelic-English Dictionary - Colin B.D. Mark
* Hoilibheag Hilibheag -  focail ráiméise san amhrán Smeòrach Clann Dòmnaill
* &quot;Cha bhi agad ach gigein air gach goigein dhìot&quot; - rud a mhaoidheas fuamhairean gu tric ann an sgeulachdan, a' ciallachadh rud mar &quot;pronnaidh mi tu nad mhìrean&quot;.
* Leabhar do pháistí é ''Na Stocan agus Na Stùcan''
* Sgeulachdan Eagalach Feagalach - Gearrscéalta do pháistí le [[Catriona Lexy Campbell]]
* Friuthail ! frathail! anns an abhainn, / Iarann a cheann, snód a mhuineal, / Maide a dhruim, is duine a thón. (Freagra: Iasgair le slaiti-asgaich) Tóimhseachain o Innse Gall, Anna Nic Iain, Béaloideas, An Cumann Le Béaloideas Éireann
* Craobh ghitheaganach, ghathaganach, /A bun suas, a barr sios, /Is i fas mar sin. (Freagra: Earball mairt.) Tóimhseachain o Innse Gall, Anna Nic Iain, Béaloideas, An Cumann Le Béaloideas Éireann
* tha Calum air an ran-dan = Calum is on a binge. Air an splaoid. Drabhlás, ragús. Learn Gaelic Dictionary.
* Sgeulachdan eagalach feagalach
* FISE FAISE, dán le [[Rody Gorman]]

* A bhò a bhò a chuilidh a dhuine dhuine bhiod! bir! Boitidh boitidh! chaoide chaoide! chuisil-ì chuisil-ò cior cior! Cnàg cnàg! dìosgaidh-dàsgaidh diugaidh! durradh durradh! dùrd dùrd! E e! faraman fearaman fise faise! gius! glag gliog gliong Gnost gnost! gog gog! gorrac gorrac! gròc gròc! gurra gùg! gug gùg!

* Hi homh homh! huistir! ligidh leagaidh! mè è! meig! Mò mò! moig oigean! poichean! pruidh-dhè bheag! Prill-è prill-è! pruis-o pruis-o! raoic rot siataidh! siu-hù! sod Splad srac suc suc! taimhslich tiuth! tuadhi! tuidh! tuirlidh mhìneig! Tu-ruith! turt turt! tusgas! uf uf ! usg usg!

* chuisil-ì chuisil-ò - sound of a whale/whalesong (''onomat.'') https://www.faclair.com/ViewEntry.aspx?ID=01716B096A9C0656AA24AF5AE4B99475
* 's fheàrr a bhith cinnteach na caillteach - is fearr glas ná amhras

==SeanGhaeilge==

* áimh tháimh / ám [t]hám ‘siar agus aniar’, Thurneysen 
* Ám [t]hám - cuid de shraithe péirí a chiallaíonn ‘siar agus aniar’ (O’Rahilly 1973‒4). 
* adall tadall ‘visit re-visit’
* aile taile
* ocaib tocaib
* aig taig

https://ogham.glasgow.ac.uk/index.php/2023/02/20/what-does-the-word-ogam-mean-and-where-does-the-name-come-from/

==Féach freisin==

* [[Frithchiallaigh 'S' agus 'D' na Gaeilge]]

==Foinsí==
* Foinse FGB nó Dinneen seachas uimh. 21 is uimh. 70. Maidir le huimh. 69, seans go gciallaíonn sé 'd'ardchaighdeán', 'an-mhaith', 'an-deas'.
* LISTSERV.HEANET.IE
* Tá eolas breise le fáil i mBéaldoideas, 1988, lch 141-152 agus ar http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaeilge/corpus/macalla/
* 10459.
Ní
Dhomhnaill
(Cáit):
Dúblóga
uamacha
Gaeilge.
In
Béaloideas
56
(1988),
pp.
141–152

A collection of alliterative and riming doublets in Irish. Includes (§8) an excursus on the possible derivation of fionna feanna

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Teangeolaíocht na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Struchtúir na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:An Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Moirfeolaíocht na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Gramadach]]
[[Catagóir:Fóineolaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Deilbheolaíocht]]</text>
      <sha1>irladqlmm8p5hs346ertsi1r0lusd5t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
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        <username>Eomurchadha</username>
        <id>4240</id>
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      <text bytes="31646" sha1="pu18suhrso90z6nl3rucd1oo47dkwfe" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Reduplication.png|mion|dúblóga uamacha timpeall an domhain&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=World atlas of language structures|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/252699579|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2005|location=Oxford|oclc=252699579|coauthors=|author=M. Haspelmath, M. S. Dryer, D. Gil, B. Comrie|journal=|volume=|issue=}}&lt;/ref&gt; ]]
Is éard atá i gceist le '''dúblóga uamacha''' (''comhaonaid'', ''dúblóga'', ''nathanna macallacha'' nó ''focail eamhnaithe'' uaireanta) ann ná nathanna beaga a bhfuil dhá fhocal iontu agus a bhfuil rím eatarthu de ghnáth. Is féidir an [[focal]] céanna a athrá nó athrú beag a bheith i gceist, ar nós ''rírá'' agus ''ruaille buaille''.

Tá an tógáil sách coitianta sa [[An Ghaeilge|Ghaeilge]], ''rí rá'' mar shampla. 

Feictear samplaí amhail ''helter skelter'' sa Bhéarla, áit a dtugtar ''reduplicated words'', ''reduplicatives'', ''rhyme motivated compounds'', ''echo words'' nó ''flip-flop words'' orthu.

Tá cineál eile dúblóige ann freisin, leithéidí ''gan stop gan stad'', ''beo bocht'', ''briste brúite''. 

==Samplaí sa Ghaeilge==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Sampla !! Míniú !! Foinse
|-
| beag beagadán || duine beag ||
|-
| (seolta) bocóideacha bacóideacha
bucóideacha
bacóideacha (leagan malartach, ní in Ó Dónaill ach scéal i gCnuasach Bhéaloideas Éireann)
| bellying sails. ('chequered' dar le roinnt foinsí) || Ó Dónaill
|-
| bog bogadán || duine bog || 
|-
|bois bais
|'...agus easgainí móra na fairrge thoir agus na fairrge thiar a' teacht ar bhois bais a mhaide-rámha...'
|
|-
|briolla bhrealla/brille bhreaille
|seafóid chainte
|
|-
|briste brúite
|worn out
|
|-
|bulcánta balcánta
|sturdy and strong
|FGB
|-
|cling-cleaing
|clang
|FGB
|-
|ciolar chiot (a dhéanamh de rud)
|rud a bhriseadh ina phíosaí beaga, bia míoltóg a dhéanamh de dhuine
|
|-
|clic cleaic
|click-clack/Clack-clack, trup-trap
|FGB
|-
|cliotar cleatar
|racket, din
|FGB
|-
|clipthe cráite
|tormented
|
|-
|clú agus cáil
|fame
|
|-
|cniogaide cnagaide
|tap-tap (foilsíodh rainn i bhfoirm leabhair ag [[Nicholas Williams]] faoin teideal seo https://www.cic.ie/books/published-books/cniogaide-cnagaide-leabhair-cloite {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207124620/http://www.cic.ie/books/published-books/cniogaide-cnagaide-leabhair-cloite |date=2016-12-07 }})
|
|-
|cogar mogar
|hugger mugger (i.e. jumble, confusion; jumbled, confused)
|
|-
|cosair-easair
|litter, mess
|
|-
|croí cráite
|broken heart, broken-hearted
|
|-
|dáiríre píre
|
|
|-
|de dhoirte dhairte (leagan malartach: de dhorta dharta)
|dartingly, suddenly.
|Tá ''de dhorta dharta'' ar leathanach 226 de [[Deoraithe]] le [[Dónall Mac Amhlaigh]]. Rinne sé de dhurta dharta é, is é sin le rá go ndearna sé go tobann é gan smaoineamh roimh ré.
|-
|dic-dic
|Abhacantalóp atá dúchasach don [[Afraic]] is ea an dic-dic
|
|-
|diúra deabhra (nó dúra dara)
|Bheith i do dhiúra dheabhra, to be in a state of utter confusion, to be left speechless.
|FGB
|-
|thit an drioll ar an dreall aige (Tá &quot;thit an trioll ar an treall&quot; ann fosta.)
|he was flabbergasted; he lost courage
| http://focailfholaithe.fng.ie/content/dr%C3%BAill{{Dead link|date=Aibreán 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|-
|dubhdóite
|sick and tired
|
|-
|dúr dúramán
|duine dúr
|
|-
|duth is dath
|'Bhí sé cinnte orm duth is dath í a choinneáil uaim.'
|Deoraíocht, [[Pádraic Ó Conaire]], lch 44.
|-
|gan dubh gan dath
|without a trace
|FGB
|-
|dúrtam dártam
|suainseán, cúlchaint, gearrchaint, mionchaint.
|
|-
|dúirse-dáirse
|ráfla, on the grape-vine. Leagan eile is ea &quot;[[Dubhairt sé Dabhairt sé]]&quot; an leagan Gaeilge a cuireadh ar theideal dhráma [[Lady Gregory]] a d'aistrigh [[An Seabhac]] Foilsíodh é ar an [[An Claidheamh Soluis]] ar an [[29 Iúil]], [[1911]] Suainseán, cúlchaint, gearrchaint, mionchaint.
|FGB
|-
|éasca péasca
|easy-peasy
|
|-
|faoiste fáiste (a dhéanamh de rud)
|to pooh-pooh sth.; a bheag de dhéanamh de rud
| Leagan malartach is ea ''fuisteo faisteo'' FGB
|-
|figear feaigear
|An rud sin eile, ''thingamy'' ''cá hainm seo atá air''
|FGB
|-
|fíge fí
|a trifling thing
|
|-
|filimín fálaimín
|Humpty-dumpty.
|FGB
|-
|fionna feanna
|jot, nothing. &quot;Níor fágadh fionna feanna ann&quot; - nothing was left there; &quot;ní fiú fionna feanna é&quot; - it is worth nothing.
|
|-
|fite fuaite (le)
|intertwined (with) (i.e. intricately associated with)
|FGB
|-
|flup flap
|flop (aimnfhocal)
|focloir.ie
|-
|ag teacht go folcanta falcanta (leagan malartach folcánta falcánta)
|ag teacht go neartmhar láidir
|FGB
|-
|frois frais (a dhéanamh de rud)
|praiseach a dhéanamh de rud
|
|-
|Fruch frach
|An míniú a thugann FGB ná: bustle, hurry, excitement. 
|FGB
|-
|frumsó framsó nó Fromsó Framsó (focail ráiméise)
|Fromsó Framsó
Bean a dhamhsódh,
A dhéanfadh greann,
A d’ólfadh leann,
A bheadh in am
Anseo ar maidin! Ó ''An Sagart''
Le [[Pádraig Mac Piarais]] 'Spraoi (ag tórramh)' a thugtar air in [[''Foirisiún Focal as Gaillimh'']].
|
|-
|frum fram
|
|Fan Inti, [[Domhnall Mac an tSíthigh]], lch 97.
|-
|&quot;Fú Fá Féasóg&quot;
|fee fo fum
|Sgéalta na bhFianna. Micilín Mac Donnachadha. Cárna.
|-
|fuirseadh fairseadh (a dhéanamh de rud)
|praiseach a dheanamh de rud
|
|-
|fud fad
|
|
|-
|fudar fadar
|praiseach; &quot;fudar a dhéanamh de rud&quot; - praiseach a dhéanamh de rud; Tá rudaí ar fudar fadar - things are in a state of confusion
|
|-
|fuile faile
|confusion, commotion, fuss, hubbub. Leagan malartach: fuithilí faithilí 
|-
|fuithilí faithilí: f.4. (Fuithile faithile 500 Mallacht Ort) 
|duine gan chrích, rud, obair, cainnte etc. gan éifeacht. Níl it fhalla ach fuithilí faithilí oibre. Cá bhfuil an leithead ná an fhuaimeantamhlacht? anuas leis ar an gcéad ghála: obair neamhcheárdamhail: abláil. Fuithilí faithilí ná deárna faic riamh i gceart: útamálaidhe gur cuma leis.
|Seán a' Chóta
|-
|fuimine farc a ghabháil ar dhuine
|léasadh a thabhairt do dhuine
|
|-
|furtla fartla
|fuadar, tranglam
|
|-
|futa fata/fut fat
|gáróid, clismirt, cabaireacht áthais
|
|-
|géaraide goinide
|a leech
|
|-
|giob geab/giub geab
|pecking, mionchaint
|
|-
|ní raibh gíog ná míog as (leagan malartach 'gíocs ná míocs')
|Ní raibh focal le clos uaidh
|
|-
|gírle guairle
|hurly-burly (leagan malartach - gírle má guairle) ''Gírle-ma-guairle'', 'an dusta a thagas nuair a bheitheá ag tolladh leis an tarachair, nó an trathair' dar leis [[An Béal Beo]].
|
|-
|gliog gleaig
|click-clack, chatter. (Cnósach Focal ó Bhaile Bhúirne) ''glig gleaig'' caint gan chiall gan éifeacht
|FGB
|-
|gogaille gó (a dhéanamh de dhuine)
|to send someone on a fool's errand
|
|-
|Gugalaí gug
|leabhar foilsithe ag [[Futa Fata]].
|
|-
|bheith i do hoibín host ag duine
|to be a burden-bearer, a drudge for someone
|
|-
|hip hap/hip hop (agus uaidh sin an téarma ''Hip hapairí'')
|hip hop
|tearma.ie, focloir.ie https://anpáipéar.ie/2025/08/kneecap-ag-an-bpicnic-leictreach-ni-mhuchfar-na-micreafoin-melvin-benn/
|-
|holam halam/hulam holam/hulm halm
|commotion, uproar; confusion. (leagan malartach: hólam tró)
|
|-
|húirte háirte (Leagan malartach ''hurta harta''
|hubbub
|FGB
|-
|hula hairc
|(call to dogs) hark (away)!
|
|-
|Hula hul
|liú fiaigh Ciarraíoch - le feiceáil mar theideal ar leabhar le [[Seán Mac Mathúna]].
|
|-
|hulach halach
|commotion, uproar; noise of chase.
|
|-
|hulúiste huláiste
|yo-heave-ho!
|
|-
|hurla burla
|hurly-burly
|
|-
|-
|Húrla hárla
|Focail ráiméise atá le fáil i rann beag 'Húrla hárla Tuirne is carda..''
|Lch 247 The Book of Aran
|-
|hurla harla
|'tharla an hurla harla' halloo
| Lch 95 Duinnín Bleachtaire
|-
|Ní raibh húm ná hám as
|There was not a sound or a move out of him
|
|-
|hurdaí-gurdaí
|hurdy-gurdy
|
|-
|hurlama giúrlama
|commotion, uproar
|
|-
|huth ná hath
|int. Huh! Ní dúirt sé huth ná hath leis, he said nothing, was non-committal, about it.
|FGB
|- (hú ná há - uaireanta)
|(teanga) liom leat
|double-talk, double-dealer
|Ó Dónaill
|-
|liútar éatar
|raic agus rírá
|
|-
|lí-lé
|níl lí-lé déanta iniubh agum = níl aon ábhar gnótha déanta inniubh agum, níl lí-lé acu = táid dealamh, beó bocht
|Cnósach Focal ó Bhaile Bhúirne
|-
|longar langar
|disorder, confusion
|
|-
|luchartha lochartha
|decrepit
|
|-
|thit an lug ar an lag aige
|he was flabbergasted, chaill sé misneach
|
|-
|lúrapóg lárapóg
|ainm ar chluiche do pháistí ar buille faoi thuairim (FGB); nonsense phrase signifying the galloping of a horse (Dinneen).
|FGB, Dinneen
|-
|luthairt lathairt
|raidhse, mórán
|
|-
|lumpar agus lampar
|bailúchán seanrudaí; &quot;idir lumpar agus lampar&quot;: everything included (fosta: &quot;cruifleog&quot;)
|
|-
|míle murdal! (nó Míle murdar!)
|horror of horrors!
|
|-
|idir mhioth agus mhaith
|idir mhaith agus olc, de gach sórt
|
|-
|meascán mearaí
|
|
|-
|mugadh magadh
|humbug, farce
| (leagan malartach ''munga manga'' = mugadh magadh)
|-
|muranáin maranáin
|little creatures of the sea.
|FGB
|-
|múta máta
|duine gan mhaith, bodach (FGB); one who can do nothing properly (Dinneen)
|FGB, Dinneen
|-
|neam neam
|s. (Child's talk) Sweet, titbit.
|
|-
|niúdar neádar
|1.trifling, indecisive, insipid talk; namby pamby. 2. Hesitant person; dead-and-alive person
|
|-
|núscar náscar
|1. insipiant talk 2. hesitant person, duine lag
|
|-
|gheall sé na hoirc is na hairc dom
|gheall sé gealach is grian dom
|
|-
|ping pang
|an cluiche leadóige boird - bunaithe ar an mBéarla
|
|-
|plinc pleainc
|De thuairt, ceann ar aghaidh, (adv.); &quot;dúirt sé plinc pleainc é&quot; - dúirt sé glan amach é
|[[Liosta Focal as Ros Muc]]
|-
|plob plab
|1. bubbling, gurgling sound. 2. blubbering, incoherent speech
|
|-
|prup-prab
|'prup-prab na tine aitinn'
|lch 32 Conaire Mór, Seacht nDoras na Cinniúna, [[Diarmuid Johnson]], [[Leabhar Breac]].
|-
|rírá
|hubbub, uproar
|
|-
|de rite reaite
|faoi luas
|FGB
|-
|ruaille buaille/rúille búille
|commotion, tumult, confusion
|
|-
|rup rap
|buinneach agus caitheamh amach
|
|-
|rúp ráp
|confusion, din
|
|-
|sciobtha scuabtha
|spick and span
|
|-
|sciob sceab
|scrimisc, brútam
|
|-
|sciot sceat/sciot scot (a dhéanamh de rud)
|to mess up sth.; to cut up something so as only to leave the worst parts
|
|-
|seobob, siobab
|m., haste, hurry, confusion, fluster; diarrhoea. cf hubub an dhob.
|Dinneen
|-
|(tá an bord seo) siugaí siú
|this table is falling apart, unsteady, wobbling
|
|-
|-
|siod sead
|chit-chat
|FGB
|-
|siún sincín
|confused person, exhausted person
|
|-
|sifil seaifil
|'...ag síor-rith chuig dochtúirí faoi chuile shifil sheaifil. 'Chuile frois frais!'
|''Dialann Mo Mháthar'' [[Pádhraic Breathnach]].
|-
|sithe seatha
|suainseán, cúlchaint, gearrchaint, mionchaint.
|FGB
|-
|slis sleais
|
|Ealaín an Aistriúcháin 4: The Jabberwocky. Comhar 72 (5), 22. [[Antain Mac Lochlainn]].
|-
|slubar slabar
|muck, mush
|
|-
|Smid ná smeaid 
|focal ar bith, níor labhair sé smid ná smeaid
(''smid ná smead'' uaireanta https://www.corpas.ie/ga/cng/?q=smid%20n%C3%A1%20smead) 
|[[Foirisiún Focal as Gaillimh]]
|-
|slupar slapar / sluparnach is slaparnach
|an fhuaim a dhéanann uisce atá ag lapadaíl
|
|-
|smuchar smachar
|'smuchar smachar na gcapall'
|lch 82 Conaire Mór, Seacht nDoras na Cinniúna, [[Diarmuid Johnson]], [[Leabhar Breac]].
|-
|snasta blasta
|branda seacláide
|
|-
|sniog sneag
|Lagiarracht ar bhó a chrú. 'Ní raibh sé ach ag sniog sneag leis'. 'D'iarras air dhá bhuicéad a líonadh dom ach ní bhíonn sé siúd ach ag sniog sneag leis'
|
|-
|sníomhaí snámhaí 
|feithid (''spinner'' FGB)
|FGB, agus [[Rí na gCearrbhach]] le [[Seán Ó Dúrois]], agus sa ghearrscéal seo http://www.feasta.ie/2014/meanf/alt4.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107130843/http://www.feasta.ie/2014/meanf/alt4.html |date=2017-11-07 }}
|-
|spior spear (a dhéanamh de rud)
|a bheag a dhéanamh de rud
|
|-
|sancam soncam
| Mias glasraí meascaithe
| FGB
|-
|sputar spatar
|
|Lch 440 [[Cluiche na Corónach]].
|-
|subhach sách/súch sách
|
|Conaire Mór le Diarmuid Johnson
|-
|súm sám
|duine leamh, díbheo, spadaire, duine fuarspreosach, duine spadánta.
|-
|súgach sáthach
|Do dhóthain mhór olta agat.
|-
|tamhach táisc
|commotion, uproar
|
|-
|tiuf-teaf
|Chiffchaff (cineál éin)
|FGB
|-
|tic teaic
|tick-tack, tick-tock; &quot;Cluineann sí tic teaic an chloig.&quot;
|FGB agus lch 71, [[Máire Dinny Wren]], Go mbeinnse choíche saor, cnuasach gearrscéalta
|-
|toiriall tairiall 
|stiall craicinn ó chorpán, (a ndeirtí go raibh draíocht ag roinnt leis)
|
|-
|(Go) torpach tiarpach
|all puffed up, full of pomposity.
|FGB
|-
|treillisg bhreillisg
|melee
|
|-
|triopall treapall
|trailing thing; disorder; confusion &quot;Ná fág gach uile rud ina thriopall treapall&quot; - Ná fág gach rud ina phraiseach.
|
|-
|tromach tramach
|pell-mell, topsy-turvy
|
|-
|bhí *trup trap* acu ar fud an tí
|bhíodar ag siúl go torannach ar fud an tí.
|
|-
|tuf taf
|rancid; &quot;Tá an sneachta alright ach is fearr liom tuf-taf é ná ina phlub-phlab&quot;
|gearrscéal ''Leaca an Tí Mhóir'' le [[Seán Mac Mathúna]]
|-
|tuirseach traochta
|exhausted
|
|-
|trut trat
|sound of tramping feet, noise, din.
|FGB
|}
 
*

==Abairtí agus eile==

GoIna measc seo tá abairtíní beaga agus nathanna a leanann an sainmhíniú thuas nó a thagann leis de bharr litrithe.

* fudar fadar, mix up, mess FGB
* gíog (Sa nath) gíog guag a dhéanamh de dhuine, to confound s.o. utterly. FGB
* Nath, Níl ciú ná ceá aige, he is quite illiterate. FGB
* Niúidí-neáidí EID,  boigeartán, Síle.
* 'siúd isteach an to-tó' Tomhas de chuid Anna Nic an Luain, focal folaithe raiméise ar luchóg. 
* gib-gab, dil.ie/25821 (A.S. origin acc. to Meyer, Wortk. 78 . Cf. Scottish and N. Engl. `giff-gaff'; native formation acc. to Kelly, Celtica xxv 98 ) onomatop. unintelligible gabbling, jargon : gib-gab (gipa-gapa, giba-gapa v.ll.) na gcennaighi, Anecd. ii 72.9 . Cf. gic-goc and see Dinneen s.vv. giob, geab.
* gan frapa gan taca
* steig meig a dhéanamh de dhuine - cloigeann duine a scoilteadh focloir.ie
* Gíoc bíoc! - Peep-bo! FGB
* fuip faip - tagairt do (fhuaim?) ráipéar, An Litir, Liam Mac Cóil. 
* ar bhois agus ar bhais an mhaide rámha
* bhain sé sliseóg dhe thaobh dúrach agus sliseóg de thaobh darach
* Ba mhó a shola ná a dhola, he gained more than he lost. FGB
* siúlach scéalach
* ''Patairín agus Patarún'' – leabhar le h[[Ailbhe Ó Monacháin]]
* Gan “thú&quot; gan “thá” as (David Copperfield, lch 801)
* Ó Stiúcaí Stiúgtha: Bliodar bleadar, fastaím, brille breaille, amaidí-dú-dá, truflais smuflais, réiméis raiméis
* Leabhar Stiofáin Uí Ealaoire 'D'eirghi sé go hú, há, go neart a chrá[mh]...'
* 'hólas bólas' - [[Alan Titley]] - Is fíor go raibh níos mó oideachais orainn seachas mar a bhí aimsir Vítneaim, ach shílfeá nach slogfaí a leithéid hólas bólas arís.
* fiosach feasrach “Níl dochar a bheith fiosach feasrach an uair atá ann”. Nó ‘fiosrach feasrach’, b’fhéidir. Tá ‘fiosrach’ san fhoclóir agus níl ‘fiosach’. Níl aon sampla eile de ‘fiosach’ ach amháin ag [[Seán Mac Meanman]].
* Ící Pící - Amhráin nuachumtha do pháistí
* brútam prúcam prácam [[Alan Titley]] https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/treibh/coincr%C3%A9it-anuas-ar-chne%C3%A1-1.3460643
* Trumpaí Dumptaí agus an Falla Mór
* 'Humtí Dumtí' aistriúchán Gaeilge ar an rann cáiliúil in ''An Tigh a Thóg Seáinín'' le [[Pronnséas Ó Súilleabháin]].
* Filimín Failimín - Humpty Dumpty [[Nicholas Williams]] Lastall
* Munachar agus Manachar - Tweedledum and Tweeldledee [[Nicholas Williams]] Lastall
* Hurú! Hurá! mar aistriú ar ''Callooh! Callay!'' [[An Gheabairleog]], Nicholas Williams
* Fuadar ná feadar [[Peadar Ua Laoghaire]]
* Súistín búistín - ón amhrán ''Léim Thart'' le [[Des Bishop]] agus ón rann Lúrabóg, Lárabóg.&quot;
* Lumpar is Lampar - 'bhailíodar Lumpar is Lampar lasmuigh den sceallóglann...'  Muiris Ó Meára.
&quot;Lúrabóg Lárabóg, buidhe ó n-Éirinn, Éire plubán, plubán súlach, súil na gcaorach, dhá chéad lumán, lumán, láthaigh, súistín, búistín, buille bheag ar bhéicín, buille bheag ar bharr na gcos agus cnap isteach an fhaoideóig
bhuidhe.&quot;
* Dúidín dáidín (An ruidín deas a chaill mé, Go lige Dia na nGrásta Go bhfaighidh mé aríst é.) ón amhrán [[An Dreoilín]].
* Tá léimeadáin againn, preabadáin, siúladáin, scioradáin, cnagadáin, lupadáin, lapadáin, súistín, búistín, agus dib-a-deáb-a-dúistín againn. [[Tuairisc]] https://tuairisc.ie/ta-leimeadain-preabadain-siuladain-scioradain-cnagadain-lupadain-lapadain-suistin-buistin-agus-dib-a-deab-a-duistin-againn/
* Gígí Gaigí Iontais - Ainm Gaeilge a cumadh mar leagan ar Wibbly Wobbly Wonder. https://tuairisc.ie/cen-ghaeilge-ata-ar-wibbly-wobbly-wonder-agus-loop-the-loop/
* ''Aililiú Pililiú'' Jeepers Creepers Ingemar Lejonborg Pádraig Ua Maoileoin 1982 A0741 agus san amhrán [[An Poc ar Buile]].
* tamhach, s. (In phrase) ~ táisc, commotion, uproar. FGB
* Gogaí bogaí - gogaí (Child’s name for) egg. [[Duinnín ar an Sceilig]].
* Rann beag ag Brian Ó Baoill faoi na méara: Ordóg, colagóg, méar fuda fada, mac an aba, lúirín beag ina luí sa log is é ag baint fug do mhamaí.
* taoile tuile
* scríb scrob
* Fear scrob scrab (veidhleadóir)/Ag imirt ar a scríob scrab. lch 18  Cín Lae Amlaoibh
* gíc-goc = gliogaireacht na nGall-Ghael 'Is dócha gurb é béarlagair Gaeilge na Lochlannach atá i gceist sa téacs Airec Menman Uraird Maic Coisse (10ú haois), nuair is faoi gíc-goc Gallgaidhel a labhraítear . . gliogaireacht na nGall-Ghael (M.E. Byme, 1908, 72). In Eirinn agus in Albain, ní hionann agus i Manainn, bhí líon mór cainteoirí Gaeilge lasmuigh de na bailte Lochlannacha, rud a d'fhág gur éirigh leis an nGaeilge stainúil sa dá thír béarlagair Gaelach na Lochlannach a shlogadh sa deireadh thiar thall.' [[Stair na Gaeilge]], [[Nicholas Williams]], lch 740.
* Hong Cong
* Cu-cú - gairm an éin, an chuach. NEID
* Tic Teac - dráma le Púca Puppets
* ho hó, int. Oho! FGB
* had dad = háidí 1. = int. (Admonishing child) Ha! Aha! 2 :ha. FGB
* prúta práta - sa scéal An Tríú Scéal Déag, lch 204 le h[[Alan Titley]]
* Trupall Trapall, Rainn bheaga ón mbéaloideas do pháistí óga, 1972, [[An Gúm]], [[Clíodna Cussen]]
* sníc píc - feicthe in úsáid
* slug slag (gib gab i mBéarla) á rá ag foileán, http://www.potafocal.com/beo/?s=slug+slag {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405152231/http://www.potafocal.com/beo/?s=slug+slag |date=2023-04-05 }}
* na briathra foisteanacha faisteanacha, lch 1 ''An Béal Beo'' le [[Tomás Ó Máille]].
*Chun gur dhein an bhean so leongó liúngó dhom chroí. Casadh an tSúgáin.
*fuis-fais, ciall- ráiméis. Sampla(í) Úsáide: Níl sa sgéal ach fuis fais. (Focail Fholaithe) féach fuis fáis in EID agus FGB a deir gur leagan de faoiste fáiste é seo.
* liop-a-leap; ''sin é an t-iasg go dtugann na béarlóírí “Sunfish” air “Sáimhín” ainm eile air. ó ''An Chéad La Iasgaigh ag Garsún leis an údar [[Common Noun]].
LIOP-A-LEAP / LIOP-A-DA-LEAP, seanfhocal: Chomh sámh le liop-a-da-leap.
* Tharraing sé (leis) é ar an iarach agus ar an árach, he tugged at it every way he could, dragged it along as best he could. 
* och óch! och ochón! Alas! FGB
*hoibín host, s. 1. (a) Load carried on back. (b) Child being   carried pick-a-back. 2. Bheith i do ~ ag duine, to be a burden-bearer,   a drudge, for s.o. (Var:hoibín hos)
* had dad = háidí 
* Haid aid! = have at you! (in beginning a fight) (Con.). Duinnín
* 'fear frélic agus froilic, i seomra nó i halla, 'Sea Dónal na Gréine,' Dónal na Gréine, lch 146, An Blas Muimhneach, Imleabhar II.
* FGB  leathadh   leathadh lúitheach, numbness (of hands from cold).
* (Nath) Go breas nó go treas, by hook or by crook. (FGB)
* Tá na focail 'mirlín murláin' ag [[Doireann Ní Ghríofa]] ina dán ''Míreanna Mearaí'', cé nach dublóg ó cheart an struchtúr.
* Humpty Dumpty.  (Leagan Ciarraíoch.)
 Tá Filimín Falaimín i n áird' ar an bhfalla.
 Thuit Filimín Falaimín anuas ar an dtalamh;
 Dá dtagadh dháréag agus triúr agus dachad
 N'Fhéadfaidís filimín Falaimín a chuir i
 n áird' ar an bhfalla.
* 'Níl fuis ná fais ar do chuid cainte, a Thómais Taobh Istigh' [[Cré na Cille]]
* cliop-cleab - sa dán An Seanmharcach le [[Séamus Barra Ó Súilleabháin]]
* Ní raibh cor ná cor as - Kahlil lch 262
* Paisean Faisean clár teilifíse a bhí ar [[TG4]]
* ''Spluff Splaifeirtí agus an tIonradh ar an bPláinéad Marz'' leabhar leis an scríbhneoir [[Ré Ó Laighléis]].
* Rann páistí Ó Cnuasacht Trágha le [[Mícheál Ó Síocháin]]
 &quot;Sleithide [seilmide] búrtach, bártach,
 Cuir amach do adharca
 Atá na ba bána
 Ag ól do chuid meidhge.&quot;
* dil deail - braon leachta, uisce nó mún cuir i gcás, [[Pádraig Ó Cíobháin]], An Gealas I Lár na Léithe, lch 295.
* lústar flústar, lch 157 Bláth na dTulach, ''Sámhnas Shábha'' gearrscéal le [[Máire Dinny Wren]] agus le fáil i bhfoclóir an Mhianánaigh (a flurry of excitement)
* sciobtha scuabtha, spick and span (FGB)
* murach marach An Cléireach, [[Darach Ó Scolaí]] Lch 155
* Blíps agus Blúps, banna ceoil ag Body&amp;Soul 2022.
* Gígeam agus Geoigeam agus Bol Bocht a Lógam, Scéal Béaloidis as [[Oileán Reachlann]], ba é Domhnall Mac Mhuircheartaigh an cainteoir. 
* ding deaing - fuaim cloig, ''An tEitleán Dofheicthe'', [[Cathal Ó Sándair]].
* Mat agus Muta, [[Clódhanna Teoranta]] (1978) le [[Clíodna Cussen]].
* Plub! Plab! Plip! Plipidíplabadaíplubaidí! - cur síos ar fhuaim na báistí ag [[Bridget Bhreathnach]] ina colún ar [[Tuairisc.ie]] https://tuairisc.ie/plub-plab-plip-plipidiplabadaiplubaidi/
* Na carachtair ''Seacláid, Sicláid agus Siocláid'' sa leabhar ''An Sicín Glas''. Leabhairín saor in aisce do pháistí le Ivan Parvov. [[Gabriel Rosenstock]] a chuir Gaeilge air. Is féidir é a léamh anseo: https://bubutales.com/pdf/TheGreenCh{{Dead link|date=Nollaig 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* 'jingil jeaingil' gearrscéal Alan Titley, An Ceathrú Rí, ar Tuairisc.ie
* Tá ceann le clos san amhrán ''Seán Gabha'' ó [[Oirghialla]], 'Buail seo, Seán gabha, buailimis(t) go teann é, Síodram seodram, síodram seodram, Méadaígí an t-amhrán.
* An rann seo a luaitear ar lch 49, Machnamh Seanmhná, [[Peig Sayers]]. 
 Do dhún mo rosc is is olc mar tá mo chiall
 Tá lagar im chois is stoca bán faoim ghiall;
 Ní fada a bheidh ''och ná boch'' ag mnáibh i mo dhiaidh
 Ach is fada a bheidh corp na loicht ag fail na bpian.
* Thá tú id mhungó mhangó ~ tá tú gan bhrí (Díolaim Dhéiseach)
* Bíonn an nath 'ar bhocht agus ar nocht' ann uaireanta
* Púcaí Schmúcaí: bailiúchán dánta agus rann do pháistí, leabhar le [[Gabriel Rosenstock]]
* ''gan í gan ó'', foinsí éagsúla. Ag an g[[Cadhnach]] is cosúil gutr 'gan deacracht;' is ciall leis. Ag [[Máire Dinny Wren]] seans gur ''gan fhuaim'' atá i gceist. https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4602714/4597887/4631704?ChapterID=4602714
* Manrán Banrán, tríréad téadach a sheinn ag Éigse na Bruiséile
* ''cric-creaic'' an traona sa mhóinfhéar taobh leis.' lch 188, ''An Bheirt Dearbhráthar agus Scéalta Eile'' le [[Máiréad Ní Ghráda]]
* Ná habair maithín ná graithín ina thaobh, say nothing good or bad, nothing whatever, about it. FGB
* Maighdean an tSoluis agus Sgéalta Eile II, In eagar ag Henry Morris, Ainm Cleite, Mac Róigh, Feargus (Bail. / Eag.) Bailitheoir/Eagarthóir, Morris, Henry Dáta cumtha, 1921, Foilsitheoir, Dundalgan Press
 Sgaoil sé leis ins na sidhe siúmannaí, ins na rith ruaimeannaí, ins na ruaimeannaí rith ruadh reatha, go dtabhradh sé cnoc de léim agus gleann de thuslóig, go rabh dubhantaí dubha na h-oidhche ag druidim leis, dubhantaí geala an lae ag druidim uaidh, an gearrán bán ag dul faoi chapóig agus an chapóg ag imtheacht uaidh gur casadh sgaoith gearrfhiadh leis ar thaoibh molaidh shléibhe.
* Prioc preac - Bhí na haon phrioc preac aige orm, he kept teasing me, kept picking at me. [[Cnuasach Focal Ón gCom]]
* ní raibh smid ná smaid aige 'he had nothing to say', 'he was taciturnly silent' Duinnín
* géaraide goinide (súmaire) leech téarma.ie
* ''Baineann an tóir ar fhocail a chur i rím agus aithris a dhéanamh ar chaint duine agus véarsaíocht páistí leis an tréimhse seo, ar nós boisiúige , boiseáige - lúrabóg , larabóg - fromsó , framsó ...'' . -- Seán Ó Curraoin, Boscaí
* gan hú ná há a rá
* sciobtha-scuabtha (tá amhras ann faoin gceann seo)
* lumpar agus lampar, collection of odds and ends FGB
* féirín flóirín dom óirín stóirín lch 16 ag dul i bhfad Alan Titley
* Ar mhuirc mhairc = ar mhuin mhairc 
*  muirc mair, diúra dheabhra, ‘Sean-Eoin' Foilsíodh an leagan Gaeilge de i 1938 - é aistrithe ag Tomás Ó Faoláin - agus chuireadh an t-eagrán seo amach i 1974. Máirín Ní Chriagáin, an t-údar.
* Cá bhfuil na crogaill?
Snip sneap, cluinim sibh,
Maith sibh, a chrogalla,
Anois isteach libh!

Ón rann ''Le do Thoil, a Naoi''

* Rann ó Dúchas.ie https://www.duchas.ie/ga/cbe/9000641/7221089/9076435
&quot;Píosum Pósum, Práitín Rósta,
Poitín uisce i lár na tine
Sin iad mo lánú pósta.&quot;

* bíp búp - cluichí ríomhairí á n-imirt, Dialann Dúradáin An Fhírinne Shearbh le [[Jeff Kinney]] lch 135.
* Plúra Lúra - carachtar ón leabhar faoi na Bopóga, Plúra Lúra agus Na Bopóga
* An Pocaire an pacaire, [[Ó Bhéal an Bhab]]
* BABHLAÍ RABHLAÍ A hoop, the babhlaí, often a wheel off an old bicycle or pram, which children rolled with either a hand or stick in the game of rabhlaí- babhlaí.  [O Dón dictionary: rabhlaí-babhlaí, a child's hoop.]
* fíolta, a3. (Used for síolta in alliterative phrase) fíolta fálta fuirsithe, seeded, fenced and harrowed; completely finished. FGB
* An Coláiste Sinne Muinne, Alan Titley, AN CRANNCHUR. Comhar 79 (4),
* sniog-sneog - clocha a chur ag scinneadh ar bharr an uisce, a bheith ag déanamh sciotar uisce, a bheith ag déanamh sciotairíní https://www.learngaelic.net/dictionary/index.jsp?abairt=sniog-sneog&amp;slang=both&amp;wholeword=false
* Muile-maile: He/She is only a muile/maile - meaning a soft foolish person, easily fooled. Also a person who never never expresses an opinion from either over cautiousness or stupidity https://www.duchas.ie/ga/cbe/9001861/7317215/9119067
* 'Ghabhas [...] Trí Ghúgair (?) trí Ghágair(?), trí shráid a' Sgibirín,' ''Leabhar Sheáin Í Chonaill'', lch 384
* 'Guitsí, Guitsiú, rínce na ngeafaire!' (focail ráiméise?) ''Leabhar Sheáin Í Chonaill'', lch 391
* rann: 'Méirín, miothán, Miothán éit, éit a' ful, eit a' fal,...' ''Leabhar Sheáin Í Chonaill'', lch 393
*  Tharraing sé (leis) é ar an iarach agus ar an árach, he tugged at it every way he could, dragged it along as best he could. Ní scarfadh sé leis ar iarach ná ar árach, he wouldn’t part with it for anything. FGB
* Níl brúscar bruscar ná bráscar agam ach brúscar bruscar go bhfuil mo lámh math maith agam féin leis.' [[Peig Sayers]] ag insint scéil https://www.canuint.ie/ga/QAC000158Ac1
* ''Ag ticeáil agus agus ag tocáil'' cloiste ar [[RnaG]] Bealtaine 2025 tuairisc spóirt
* 'uch ná ach', fuis fáis (lch 153) - Cré na Cille
* snup snap - fuaim [[druid|druideanna]], [[Domhnall Mac an tSíthigh]], Gearr Gonta, Céad Dan le Céad File.
* fuiscín baiscín? (éan de chineál éigin seans?)
* Miscín Meaiscín - carachtar cait sa leabhar ''Ceas an Chait'', lch 56.
* fiaire feá, FGB (B'fhéidir?)
* Hoibín host - FGB
* grig-gráig, an clog a bheith á bhaint i gcomhthéacs an chreidimh, lch 42 ''Deoch an Tobair'', [[Diarmuid Johnson]] a luann an bhunfhoinse [[Buile Shuibhne]], O'Keffe, úsáideadh arís é sa leagan nua den scéal [[Mise Suibhne]] le [[Feargal Ó Bearra]].
* Tur tar - agus liosta fada de shamplaí eile, [[Gaeilge an Chláir]] https://www.duchas.ie/ga/cbe/9000314/7156078/9057201

==Samplaí i nGaeilge na hAlban==

*fìth-fàth masc - mist of invisibility (or the power to produce said mist)	(féth fíada sa Ghaeilge)
* fàth-fìth masc -mist of invisibility (or the power to produce said mist)
* sù-sì - súisí/sushi [[ACDD]]
* rù-ra/rù-rà - meascán mearaí, praiseach, trína chéile. The Gaelic-English Dictionary - Colin B.D. Mark
* Hoilibheag Hilibheag -  focail ráiméise san amhrán Smeòrach Clann Dòmnaill
* &quot;Cha bhi agad ach gigein air gach goigein dhìot&quot; - rud a mhaoidheas fuamhairean gu tric ann an sgeulachdan, a' ciallachadh rud mar &quot;pronnaidh mi tu nad mhìrean&quot;.
* Leabhar do pháistí é ''Na Stocan agus Na Stùcan''
* Sgeulachdan Eagalach Feagalach - Gearrscéalta do pháistí le [[Catriona Lexy Campbell]]
* Friuthail ! frathail! anns an abhainn, / Iarann a cheann, snód a mhuineal, / Maide a dhruim, is duine a thón. (Freagra: Iasgair le slaiti-asgaich) Tóimhseachain o Innse Gall, Anna Nic Iain, Béaloideas, An Cumann Le Béaloideas Éireann
* Craobh ghitheaganach, ghathaganach, /A bun suas, a barr sios, /Is i fas mar sin. (Freagra: Earball mairt.) Tóimhseachain o Innse Gall, Anna Nic Iain, Béaloideas, An Cumann Le Béaloideas Éireann
* tha Calum air an ran-dan = Calum is on a binge. Air an splaoid. Drabhlás, ragús. Learn Gaelic Dictionary.
* Sgeulachdan eagalach feagalach
* FISE FAISE, dán le [[Rody Gorman]]

* A bhò a bhò a chuilidh a dhuine dhuine bhiod! bir! Boitidh boitidh! chaoide chaoide! chuisil-ì chuisil-ò cior cior! Cnàg cnàg! dìosgaidh-dàsgaidh diugaidh! durradh durradh! dùrd dùrd! E e! faraman fearaman fise faise! gius! glag gliog gliong Gnost gnost! gog gog! gorrac gorrac! gròc gròc! gurra gùg! gug gùg!

* Hi homh homh! huistir! ligidh leagaidh! mè è! meig! Mò mò! moig oigean! poichean! pruidh-dhè bheag! Prill-è prill-è! pruis-o pruis-o! raoic rot siataidh! siu-hù! sod Splad srac suc suc! taimhslich tiuth! tuadhi! tuidh! tuirlidh mhìneig! Tu-ruith! turt turt! tusgas! uf uf ! usg usg!

* chuisil-ì chuisil-ò - sound of a whale/whalesong (''onomat.'') https://www.faclair.com/ViewEntry.aspx?ID=01716B096A9C0656AA24AF5AE4B99475
* 's fheàrr a bhith cinnteach na caillteach - is fearr glas ná amhras

==SeanGhaeilge==

* áimh tháimh / ám [t]hám ‘siar agus aniar’, Thurneysen 
* Ám [t]hám - cuid de shraithe péirí a chiallaíonn ‘siar agus aniar’ (O’Rahilly 1973‒4). 
* adall tadall ‘visit re-visit’
* aile taile
* ocaib tocaib
* aig taig

https://ogham.glasgow.ac.uk/index.php/2023/02/20/what-does-the-word-ogam-mean-and-where-does-the-name-come-from/

==Féach freisin==

* [[Frithchiallaigh 'S' agus 'D' na Gaeilge]]

==Foinsí==
* Foinse FGB nó Dinneen seachas uimh. 21 is uimh. 70. Maidir le huimh. 69, seans go gciallaíonn sé 'd'ardchaighdeán', 'an-mhaith', 'an-deas'.
* LISTSERV.HEANET.IE
* Tá eolas breise le fáil i mBéaldoideas, 1988, lch 141-152 agus ar http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaeilge/corpus/macalla/
* 10459.
Ní
Dhomhnaill
(Cáit):
Dúblóga
uamacha
Gaeilge.
In
Béaloideas
56
(1988),
pp.
141–152

A collection of alliterative and riming doublets in Irish. Includes (§8) an excursus on the possible derivation of fionna feanna

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Teangeolaíocht na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Struchtúir na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:An Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Moirfeolaíocht na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Gramadach]]
[[Catagóir:Fóineolaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Deilbheolaíocht]]</text>
      <sha1>pu18suhrso90z6nl3rucd1oo47dkwfe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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Sraith [[Drámaíocht|drámaí]] [[Iorua|Ioruach]] do dhéagóirí é '''Skam''' atá á chraoladh ar NRK ó 2015. Tá sé suite i mbruachbhaile de chuid [[Osló]] darb ainm ainm Frogner.

== Naisc Sheachtracha ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170304204657/http://skam.p3.no/ Suíomh Oifigiúil]

[[Catagóir:Sraitheanna teilifíse a thosaigh i 2015]]
[[Catagóir:Sraitheanna teilifíse a chríochnaigh i 2017]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir Teilifíse Iourach]]</text>
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    <title>Tabhairt i dtír na ngunnaí i mBinn Éadair</title>
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Is é atá i gceist nuair a thagraítear do '''Thabhairt i dtír na ngunnaí i m[[Binn Éadair]]''' ná an ócáid sin arna seachadadh 1,500 raidhfil d’[[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|'''Óglaigh na hÉireann''']] ag cuan Bhinn Éadair ar an 26 Iúil 1914. Tarraingíodh aird slua mhóir ar an tabhairt i dtír agus na gunnaí á ndí-ualú ó luamh príobháideach le solas an lae, agus d’ordaigh na húdaráis go n-idirghabhfadh na póilíní agus an t-arm araon san eachtra. D’éirigh leis na hÓglaigh na fórsaí slándála a sheachaint, áfach. Chuir saoránaigh aighneas ar reisimint darbh ainm the King’s Own Scottish Borderers ar [[Siúlán Bhaitsiléir|Shiúlán Bhaitsiléir]] agus na saighdiúirí sin ag filleadh ar ais go dtí a mbeairicí. Chaith siad clocha agus maslaí leo. Scaoil na saighdiúirí leis an slua nach raibh airm acu agus sháigh siad fear amháin le beaignit, rud a d’fhág gur maraíodh ceathrar saoránach agus gur gortaíodh ocht nduine is tríocha.
[[Íomhá:HowthHarbour.jpg|mion|Caladh Bhinn Éadair]]

== An plean chun na gunnaí a thabhairt i dtír ==
De réir [[Darrell Figgis]], ba i mí Aibreáin, 1914 a smaoiníodh ar an bplean den chéad uair, mar thoradh ar [[Ceannairc an Churraigh|Cheannairc an Churraigh]], eachtra a thit amach ar an 20 Márta. Chreid a lán Éireannaigh nach bhféadfaidís iontaoibh a bheith acu in [[Arm na Breataine]] chun [[Rialtas Dúchais]] a fhorghníomhú nuair a chuirfí i bhfeidhm sa tír é, agus chreid a lán ball d’[[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] go gcuirfí borradh faoin earcaíocht san eagraíocht sin dá mbeadh teacht ar ghunnaí acu. Rinneadh cinneadh ag lón a raibh [[Alice Stapford Green]], [[Ruairí Mac Easmainn|an Tiarna Ruairí Mac Easmainn]] agus [[Eoin Mac Néill]] i láthair aige go rachadh Figgis i dteagmháil le [[Mícheál Seosamh Ó Rathaille|Mícheál Ó Rathaille]] chun ciste a bhunú le haghaidh airm a cheannach.

Níor éirigh leis san iarracht sin agus tháinig lagmhisneach ar an ngrúpa nuair a fuair siad amach faoi [[Thabhairt i dtír na ngunnaí i Latharna]] a rinne [[Óglaigh Uladh]]. D’iarr Mac Easmainn ar Alice Green go n-íocfaí iasacht ar ais nuair a cheannódh na hÓglaigh a gcuid gunnaí. Chuaigh Mac Easmainn, Figgis agus [[Robert Erskine Childers|Erskine Childers]] i dteagmháil le gníomhaire i [[Londain]] de chuid déileálaí arm Beilgeach. Ar deireadh thiar, chuir siad clabhsúr ar an margadh le déileálaí in [[Hamburg]] ar chuir an Rathailleach in aithne dóibh é, agus shocraigh siad ar dhíolachán 1,500 raidhfil.&lt;ref&gt;Inglis 1973, pp.262–265 and 275–277&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Asgard_Baltic_1910.JPG|mion|an Asgard sa Mhuir Bhailt,1910;
Erskine agus Molly Childers ar bord
]]
De réir fhianaise [[Earnán de Blaghd (Ernest Blythe)|Earnáin de Blaghd]], chuir [[Bulmer Hobson]] dualgas ar [[Ailf Ó Cadáin]] faisnéis shaineolach faoin gcuan agus eolas “a d’oirfeadh do chaptaen a bheadh ag stiúradh báid isteach agus nach bhféadfadh, b’fhéidir, fanacht le taoide”&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;De Blaghd, E. (1970) ''Slán le hUltaibh'', Baile Átha Cliath: Sáirséal agus Dill, lch. 68 - 69&lt;/ref&gt; a bhailiú cúpla seachtain roimh an teacht i dtír.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ba iad Erskine Childers, [[Molly Childers]], an Tiarna Ruairí Mac Easmainn, Alice Green agus [[Mary Spring Rice]] a d’iompair an t-ualach thar sáile.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Martin 1964 {{page number needed|date=December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir Molly Childers agus Spring Rice coiste ar bun chun ciste a chruinniú le haghaidh na n-arm, agus d’éirigh leo breis is £2,000 a bhailiú. Choinnigh Molly dialann inar scríobh sí faoin eachtra, cáipéis staire atá lán castaí greannmhara. Chuir na Childers a luamh pléisiúr, ''an [[Asgard]]'', ar fáil le haghaidh iompar 900 de na raidhfilí aon-urchar [[Mauser|Mauser M1871 11 mm]] agus na 29,000 urchar dá armlón púdair dhuibh. Ionas go mbeidís in ann na gunnaí úd a cheannach, luaigh Erskine Childers – a shínigh an conradh – leis an déileálaí arm Gearmánach go raibh na raidhfilí ag triail ar Mheicsiceo. Ba bheag nach raibh na gunnaí, a bhí ann ó aimsir an Chogaidh Fhranc-Phrúisigh (1870–71), fós in ann feidhmiú. Cuireadh chun feidhme ní ba dhéanaí iad in Ard-Oifig an Phoist in [[Éirí Amach na Cásca]] in 1916.

Rinne Sir Thomas Myles, [[Tom Kettle]], agus [[James Meredith]] méid raidhfilí Mauser i bhfad níos lua ná sin a thabhairt i dtír díreach ag an am céanna ó bhád darbh ainm ''an Chotah'' i [[Cill Chomhghaill|gCill Chomhghaill]] i [[Contae Chill Mhantáin|gContae Chill Mhantáin]].

== Iompar na ngunnaí thar sáile ==
Rinne Conor O’Brien, na Childers, Spring Rice agus beirt mhairnéalach ó Chontae Dhún na nGall, Patrick McGinley agus Charles Duggan, an ''Asgard'' agus bád O’Brien, an ''Kelpie'', a sheoladh chuig baoi áirithe in aice le cósta na Beilge. Ba ag an mbaoi sin, baoi Ruytingen, a tháinig siad ar an tuga a d’iompair na raidhfilí ó Hamburg. Líon na hairm cábán an luaimh suas go béal, rud a d’fhág nach raibh aon spás fágtha ann chun codlata, nó fiú chun bia a réiteach, agus bhí ar an gcriú gach uile rud a dhéanamh os cionn mhullach na n-arm. Bhí orthu dúshlán a thabhairt ar chúpla stoirm ar an turas ar ais. Agus ina dhiaidh sin, tháinig siad ar loingeas uile de chuid [[Cabhlach na Breataine|Chabhlach na Breataine]], a bhí réidh don bhriseadh amach cogaidh a bhí ar na bacáin ag an am. Bhí ar chriú an ''Asgard'' seoladh tríd an loingeas sin agus an lastas neamhcheadaithe ar an mbád. Cuntas pearsanta, corraitheach atá sa chur síos i ndialann Spring Rice faoin gcuid sin den aistear.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/24233&lt;/ref&gt;

== Teacht i dtír ar Bhinn Éadair ==
Tugadh na hairm i dtír ón Asgard ar chuan Bhinn Éadair ar an 26 Iúil 1914. Bhí baill de chuid [[Fianna Éireann|Fhianna Éireann]] ann ag feitheamh orthu, cairteacha láimhe agus baraí rotha acu, réidh chun luí isteach ar an obair. Bhí Bulmer Hobson, [[Dubhghlas de hÍde]], Darrell Figgis, [[Peadar Kearney]] agus [[Tomás Mac Donnchadha]] i láthair ann, freisin. Chuir máistir an chuain na húdaráis ar an eolas faoin méid a bhí ag tarlú, agus glaodh ar Phóilíní Chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath teacht amach. D’iarr an Coimisinéir Cúnta Harrell go dtabharfaí cúnamh míleata freisin, agus seoladh amach díorma de chuid na “King’s Own Scottish Borderers” óna mbeairicí i g[[Cill Mhaighneann]]. Tháinig an dá dhream, na hÓglaigh agus fórsaí an Údaráis, in aghaidh a chéile i g[[Cluain Tarbh]].&lt;ref&gt;McNally 2007, pp.6, 13–15.&lt;/ref&gt;

Leis sin, bhris círéib amach idir [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh]] nach raibh acu mar airm ach baitíní agus na póilíní. Bhí líon mór póilíní nár ghlac leis na horduithe a tugadh dóibh na hÓglaigh a dhí-armáil agus níor éirigh leosan a lean na horduithe na hairm a urghabh. Ina dhiaidh sin, tharla go raibh achrann eile ann ina raibh ní ba mhó troid ucht-le-hucht agus inar baineadh úsáid as beaignití agus puint raidhfilí. Seans maith gur scaoil Óglaigh nó baill de chuid na bhFianna piléir piostail freisin&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.theirishstory.com/2014/07/26/today-in-irish-history-july-26th-1914-the-howth-gun-running/#at_pco=cfd-1.0&amp;at_ab=-&amp;at_pos=0&amp;at_tot=5&amp;at_si=53d916a6fe1c5499 &quot;The Howth Gun Running&quot;], ''The Irish Story''&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sa ruaille buaille sin go léir, d’éirigh le Tomás Mac Donnchadha agus Bulmer Hobson orduithe a thabhairt do chuid d’Óglaigh Fhianna Éireann na gunnaí a athsheachadán as láthair agus iad a chur i bhfolach i dtailte sa cheantar arbh leis na Bráithre Críostaí iad. Ina iomláine, ghabh na póilíní 19 raidhfil, ach bhí orthu iad siúd a thabhairt ar ais nuair a cinneadh sa chúirt gur gabhadh iad go mídhleathach.

Fágadh cuid de na gunnaí i dteach [[Énrí Ó Beóláin|Énrí Ó Beoláin]] (Harry Boland i mBéarla), 15 Corrán Marino, Cluain Tarbh, chomh maith.[...]

== Siúlán Bhaitsiléir ==
[[Íomhá:Bachelors_Walk_-_panoramio.jpg|mion|Siúlán Bhaitsiléir]]
Faoin bpointe sin, bhí slua mór tar éis bailiú agus thosaigh lucht an tslua ag déanamh trasnáil ar na saighdiúirí agus á bhfonóid nuair a chonaic siad iad ag teacht agus cuma chrosta ar a n-aghaidh. &lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford&quot;&gt;Connolly, J.S.; ''Oxford Companion to Irish History'', page 263-4. Oxford University Press, 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-19-923483-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agus iad ag filleadh ar ais go dtí a mbeairicí, tháinig cuid de na saighdiúirí trí Shiúlán Bhaitsiléir, áit inar tháinig siad in aghaidh slua naimhdeach cé nach raibh airm ag lucht an tslua. 

Bhí an slua ag déanamh ceap magaidh de na saighdiúirí faoin tslí ar dteip orthu ina n-iarracht na hairm a urghabháil. Thosaigh an slua ag caitheamh cloch srl agus gortaíodh cuid de na saighdiúirí Briotanacha. 

Bhí oifigeach ann, Major Alfred Haig, a thug sé ordú do na Borderers aghaidh a thabhairt ar an slua.&lt;ref&gt;''A Dictionary of Irish History'', D J Hickey &amp; J E Doherty, Gill and Macmillan, Dublin, 1980, p. 21, {{ISBN|0-7171-1567-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Timpeall 7pm,  scaoil gasra de na Scottish Borderers faoi shlua a bhí ag fonóid orthu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.decadeofcentenaries.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Military-panels_V8_IG.pdf|teideal=Decade of centenaries|údar=COBAC  (UCD)|dáta=2016|dátarochtana=2020|archivedate=2021-07-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726191538/https://www.decadeofcentenaries.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Military-panels_V8_IG.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Maraíodh triúr ar an toirt – Mrs Duffy, James Brennan agus Patrick Quinn – agus gortaíodh ocht nduine is tríocha. Fuair fear amháin bás níos déanaí ó chréachtaí a fuair sé ó bheaignit.&lt;ref&gt;Robert Kee, ''The Green Flag'', Vol 2, ''The Bold Fenian Men.'' pp. 214–215&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí uafás agus alltacht ar an bpobal ar fud na hÉireann mar gheall ar an eachtra sin agus na daoine a maraíodh nó a gortaíodh ann.&lt;ref&gt;''Irish Independent,'' 29 July 1914&lt;/ref&gt;

I gcoimisiún fiosrúchán a thionóladh ina dhiaidh, cáineadh an cinneadh a rinneadh go ngairfí an t-arm amach.  

* '''Féach freisin: [[Sléacht Shiúlán Bhaitsiléir]]'''

== Comparáid a dhéanamh leis an tabhairt i dtír gunnaí i Latharna ==
Ainneoin go maítear go raibh claonpháirteachas i gceist idir Óglaigh Uladh agus na húdaráis maidir leis an [[tabhairt i dtír gunnaí i Latharna]], i gcodarsnacht le hÓglaigh na hÉireann, a rinne na póilíní agus an arm iarracht iad bac a chur orthu, is mó a léirítear na straitéisí a d’iompair an dá thaobh sa chodarsnacht sin ná aon rud eile..&lt;ref name=&quot;HomeRule&quot; /&gt;  Chomh fada is gur réitigh Óglaigh Uladh an tabhairt i dtír seo acusan mar ghníomhaíocht rúnda chun a baill a armáil, bhí sé faoi rún ag Bulmer Hobson, ball d’Óglaigh na hÉireann, buachan bolscaireachta a bhaint amach as an gceann seo acusan.&lt;ref name=&quot;HomeRule&quot; /&gt;  Thug Óglaigh na hÉireann a gcuid arm i dtír le solas an lae, ar “rabharta poiblíochta”, chomh gar leis an bpríomhchathair, Baile Átha Cliath, is ab fhéidir leo. Mar chodarsnacht, roinn Óglaigh Uladh a gcuid arm i dtrí roinnt, bhain siad tairbhe as soitheach díthreoraí chun na húdaráis a chur ar strae, agus thug siad na hairm i dtír faoi choim na hoíche..&lt;ref name=&quot;HomeRule&quot;&gt;Jackson, Alvin; ''Home Rule – An Irish History 1800–2000,''| page 136. {{ISBN|1-84212-724-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bhí difríocht suntasach idir na hairm a fuair an dá dhream. Den chuid is mó ba iad gunnaí den chéad ghlúin eile a bhí ag na haontachtaigh: leithéidí an Gewehr 88 agus an M1870 Vetterli-Vitalis. Tá cartúslann ag na gunnaí siúd ionas go bhfuil siad in ann scaoileadh ar ardluas, agus urchar púdair gan toit ionas gur féidir iad a luchtú níos sciobtha.

Agus teorann ar an maoin a bhí ag Óglaigh na hÉireann, níor cheannaigh siad ach 1500 Mauser M1871, gunnaí den 19ú haois, a d’úsáid púdar gunna (púdar dubh) a salaíonn an gunna i ndiaidh scaoilte cúpla urchar, agus a raibh gá iad a luchtú de láimh, gach uile ceann ina aonar. Rinne [[Pádraig Mac Piarais]] gearán i litir chuig  Seosamh McGarrity gurbh de “chineál seanchaite” iad na raidhfilí.&lt;ref&gt;Inglis 1973, p.277&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann an fhianaise sin leis an gconclúid gurbh ar mhaithe na bolscaireachta a ceannaíodh na gunnaí i mBinn Éadar agus, cé go raibh siad in ann té a mharú, nach raibh siad inchurtha le gunnaí Latharna ar chor ar bith. Is léir go raibh Childers ar an eolas faoi na difríochtaí siúd, i bhfianaise an taithí a bhí aige i n[[Dara Cogadh na mBórach]].&lt;ref&gt;C Townshend, &quot;The Easter Rising 1916: The Irish Rebellion&quot; (London 2005)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Comóradh ==
Bhí déistin ar a lán daoine in Éirinn agus i dtíortha eile de bharr mharú na saoránach nach raibh airm acu ar Shiúlán Bhaitsiléir. Tharla go raibh “Remember Bachelors Walk” (nó “Ná dearmaid riamh Siúlán Bhaitsiléir”) ina rosc catha agus cuireadh borradh mór faoi línte Óglaigh na hÉireann dá bharr.

In 1961, d’eagraigh rialtas na hÉireann athachtú de thabhairt i dtír na ngunnaí i mBinn Éadair agus bhí cuid de na hÓglaigh a bhí i láthair in 1914 agus a bhí fós beo páirteach san athachtú seo, agus cheannaigh siad an Asgard óna úinéir chun na críche sin. Úsáideadh cuid de na raidhfilí Mauser ag an ócáid. Thug [[Uachtarán na hÉireann|an tUachtarán]], [[Éamon de Valera]], aitheasc agus nochtadh plaic ar an bpiara chun an eachtra a chomóradh.

== '''Féach freisin'''  ==

* [[Sléacht Shiúlán Bhaitsiléir]]
* [[Conor O’Brien, ailtire agus mairnéalach]]

== Leabharliosta ==
* {{cite book|last=Boyle|first=Andrew|date=1977|title=The Riddle of Erskine Childers|url=https://archive.org/details/riddleoferskinec00boyl|location=London|publisher=|page=|isbn=}}
* {{cite book|last=Breslin|first=Vincent|date=July 2014|title=Gun-Running: The Story of the Howth and Kilcoole Gun-Running 1914|url=|location=|publisher=|page=|isbn=978-0992987800}}
* {{cite book|last=Coffey|first=D|date=1914|title=O'Neill &amp; Ormond: A Chapter in Irish History|url=https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft|location=Dublin &amp; London:  &amp; Co.|publisher=Maunsel|page=|isbn=}}
* {{cite book|last=Coleman|first=Marie|date=2003|title=County Longford and the Irish Revolution 1910–1923|url=|location=Dublin|publisher=|page=|isbn=}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Martin|editor-first=Francis Xavier|others=Foreword by Éamon de Valera|date=1964|title=The Howth gun-running and the Kilcoole gun-running, 1914|url=|location=Dublin|publisher=Browne and Nolan|page=|isbn=}}
* {{cite book|last=Inglis|first=B|title=Roger Casement|url=https://archive.org/details/rogercasement0000bria|publisher=Coronet|year=1973|isbn=0-340-18292-X}}
* {{cite book|last=McCormack|first=W.J.|date=2012|title=Dublin 1916: The French Connection|url=https://archive.org/details/dublin1916french0000mcco|location=Dublin|publisher=|page=|isbn=}}
* {{cite journal|last=McGurk|first=John|year=1996|title=The Riddle of Erskine Childers|journal=Contemporary Review}}
* {{cite book|first=M|last=McNally|title=Easter Rising 1916:  Birth of the Irish Republic|publisher=Osprey|year=2007}}
* {{cite book|author=Royal Commission on the circumstances connected with the landing of arms at Howth on 2|date=1914|title=Report|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918021333/http://www.dippam.ac.uk/eppi/documents/22101|location=London|publisher=HMSO|series=[[Command paper]]s|volume=Cd. 7631.}}
* {{cite book|author=Royal Commission on the circumstances connected with the landing of arms at Howth on 2|date=1914|title=Minutes of evidence; with Appendices and Index|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918021251/http://www.dippam.ac.uk/eppi/documents/22102|location=London|publisher=HMSO|series=Command papers|volume=Cd. 7649.}}

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist|40em}}

[[Catagóir:Stair Bhaile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Binn_Éadair]]
[[Catagóir:1914 in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Óglaigh na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Éirí Amach na Cásca]]</text>
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    <title>Tintin sa Tibéid</title>
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[[Leabhar]] do pháistí de chuid an [[Cartún|chartúnaí]] [[An Bheilg|Bheilgigh]] Georges Prosper Remi, faoin ainm cleite [[Hergé]], is ea '''Tintin sa Tibéid'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.dalenllyfrau.com/tintin-sa-tibeid-gbp.html|teideal=Tintin sa Tibéid GBP|work=www.dalenllyfrau.com|dátarochtana=2020-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023004122/http://www.dalenllyfrau.com/tintin-sa-tibeid-gbp.html|archivedate=2020-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Scéal ==
Scéal eachtraíochta faoi chara óg [[Síneach]] le Tintin, Teang, atá ar iarraidh i [[Sliabh|sléibhte]] na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] tar éis timpiste atá ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Club Leabhar na míosa seo: Tintin sa Tibéid|url=https://www.rte.ie/gaeilge/2018/0619/971657-club-leabhar-na-miosa-seo-tintin-sa-tibeid/|date=2018-06-25|language=ga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ach cloiseann Tintin guth a charad is é ag glaoch air. Tá sé cinnte anois gur beo do Teang i gcónaí. Téann Tintin i ngleic le dúshlán na sléibhte is na h[[Aimsir (meitéareolaíocht)|aimsir]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;e chun teacht i dtarrtháil air.  

Tugann Tintin féin, a ghadhar dílis [[Báinín]] agus [[Haileabó]], an captaen leathchraiceáilte, faoi mhisean dainséarach: teacht ar Teang.  Buaileann siad le [[manach]] Búdaíoch i [[mainistir]] sa Tibéid a thugann dóchas dóibh gur beo do Teang – ach go bhfuil sé i mbaol an-mhór!&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.siopa.ie/en/i-1438-tintin_sa_tibeid/i.aspx?id=1438|teideal=Siopa.ie - Tintin sa Tibéid|work=www.siopa.ie|dátarochtana=2020-01-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Leis an [[arracht]] [[sneachta]] fiú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://aonghus.blogspot.com/2017/12/tintin-sa-tibeid.html|teideal=Tintin sa Tibéid|údar=Aonghus|dáta=2017-12-18|work=Smaointe Fánacha Aonghusa|dátarochtana=2020-01-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{síol-leabhar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tintin sa Tibeid}}
[[Catagóir:Ficsean]]
[[Catagóir:Eachtraí Tintin]]
[[Catagóir:Greannáin]]</text>
      <sha1>b6hv7lkavy1wsb3td3xt3r5s93lxl8j</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ciara Mageean</title>
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      <text bytes="6308" sha1="8fbppjrbcwcv0ybgspmgl2q1i6hxoqe" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Ba reathaí meánraoin as [[Contae an Dúin]] í '''Ciara Mageean''' (12 Márta 1992 - 1 Samhain 2026).&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/ireland/ciara-mageean-14275665|teideal=Ciara MAGEEAN {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|work=www.worldathletics.org|dátarochtana=2022-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:2019 European Cross Country Championships 01.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|2019:  Comórtais Reatha Trastíre ]]
[[Íomhá:Irish middle distance runner Ciara Mageean in 2020.jpg|clé|mion|2020|330x330px]]
[[Íomhá:2022-08-19 European Championships 2022 – Women's 1500 Metres by Sandro Halank–025.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Munich in 2022]]
[[Íomhá:2022-08-19 European Championships 2022 – Women's 1500 Metres by Sandro Halank–002.jpg|clé|mion|229x229px]]
[[Íomhá:EC 2024 - 1500 m W.jpg|clé|mion|2024: 1500 m  agus Elise Vanderelst, Ludovica Cavalli, &amp; Petronela Simiuc chun tosaigh|220x220px]]

== Gairm ==
Tháinig Mageean sa 11ú háit sa 1500 m ag na [[Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 2016]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/36776281|teideal=Four NI athletes on Ireland's Rio team|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2022-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ar an 10 Iúil 2016, bhuaigh sí bonn cré-umha sa rás 1500m ag Craobhchomórtas Lúthchleasaíochta na hEorpa 2016, a bhí ar siúl in [[Amstardam]], An Ísiltír.

Ar an 3 Márta 2019, bhuaigh sí bonn cré-umha sa rás 1500m ag Craobhchomórtas Lúthchleasaíochta Laistigh na hEorpa 2019, a bhí ar siúl i n[[Glaschú]], Albain.

Bhí Craobhacha na hEorpa sa lúthchleasaíocht ar siúl i München mí Lúnasa 2022 agus bhuaigh Mageean bonn airgid sa rás 1,500m.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/o-katie-go-corn-an-domhain-scoth-na-bpictiur-o-sharbhliain-do-bhanlaochra-spoirt/|teideal=Ó Katie go Corn an Domhain – scoth na bpictiúr ó shárbhliain do bhanlaochra spóirt|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-12-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2023, bhí dóchas ollmhór ag Mageean bonn a thabhairt abhaile ón [[Craobhchomórtais Lúthchleasaíochta an Domhain, 2023|Chraobhchomórtais Lúthchleasaíochta an Domhain, 2023]]. Ach tháinig sí isteach sa 4ú háit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22291100/|teideal=Tús Áite: Scéaltaí Spóirt|údar=RnaG|dáta=2023|language=ga-IE|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2023-08-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2024'''

Bhuaigh Mageean an bonn óir sa rás 1,500 méadar i g[[Craobhchomórtais Lúthchleasaíochta na hEorpa 2024|Craobh Lúthchleasaíochta na hEorpa 2024]] sa Róimh. Agus í ag déanamh ar an líne, bhí Mageean sáinnithe idir triúr, Georgia Bell agus Jemma Reekie na Breataine agus Agathe Guillemot na Fraince. Chonaic Mageean bearna bheag agus bhris sí tríthi. Bhí an chuma uirthi ar feadh soicind go raibh sí chun gualainn a thabhairt don bheirt Bhriotanach ach d’éalaigh sí tharstu gan teagmháil a dhéanamh leo agus d’fhág ina diaidh an chuid eile agus bhí an bonn óir buaite ag Mageean. Agus í ag labhairt le RTÉ díreach i ndiaidh na rása, dúirt Mageean go raibh baint mhór ag an gcúlra atá aici sa [[Camógaíocht|chamógaíocht]] leis an mbua agus í tar éis gearradh tríd mar a dhéanfadh sí ar pháirc na himeartha sa bhaile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/adeleke-agus-mageean-ag-prapail-do-pharas-cill-chainnigh-agus-luimneach-dosharaithe-aris/|teideal=Adeleke agus Mageean ag prapáil do Pháras, Cill Chainnigh agus Luimneach dosháraithe arís|údar=Pádraic Ó Ciardha|dáta=12 Meitheamh 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba le  Ciara Mageean a bhain an briseadh croí ba mhó de na lúthchleasaithe Éireannacha ar fad a chuaigh go Páras agus [[Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 2024]].  An oíche sular thosaigh iomaíocht Oilimpeach 1500m na mban d’fhág gortú achilles a bhí ag dul di le fada nach raibh de rogha aici ach a fhógairt go raibh sí ag tarraingt as.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/seacht-mbonn-15-sport-134-laoch/|teideal=Seacht mbonn, 15 spórt, 134 laoch…|údar=Mártan Ó Ciardha|dáta=22 Nollaig 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-12-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saol pearsanta ==
Rugadh Mageean i b[[Port an Pheire]], [[Contae an Dúin]].

Rinne sí staidéar sa [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste Ollscoile BÁC]] agus fuair sí céim san [[fisiteiripe|fhisiteiripe]] in 2017.

Ar 4 Iúil 2025, d'fhógair Mageean go raibh ailse uirthi agus thosaigh sí cóir leighis &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/articles/c70r63pp1xjo|teideal=Ciara Mageean: European champion and two-time Olympian diagnosed with cancer|dáta=2025-07-04|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2025-07-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I mí an Mheithimh 2026, d'fhoilsigh sí gurbh ailse phutóige í agus bhí sí ag céim 4, mar sin, nach raibh inleighis is dócha. 

Phós sí a páirtí fadtéarmach, Thomas Moran, ag [[Halla na Cathrach, Béal Feirste]] ar 12 Deireadh Fómhair 2026. Fuair sí bás ar 1 Samhain 2026; bhí sí 34 bliana d'aois &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Irish Olympian and European champion Ciara Mageean dies|url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/athletics/2026/1101/1597514-irish-olympian-and-european-champion-ciara-mageean-dies/|date=2026-11-01|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Reáchtáladh a tórramh ar 3 Samhain 2026 ina baile dúchais agus fhreastail a lán daoine air. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciara Mageean - Loinnir sa Dorchadas|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/1103/1597834-ciara-mageean-loinnir-sa-dorchadas/|date=2026-11-03|language=ga}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/leirigh-si-an-chuid-ab-fhearr-dinn-slua-mor-ag-sochraid-ciara-mageean-ina-baile-duchais/|teideal=‘Léirigh sí an chuid ab fhearr dínn’ – slua mór ag sochraid Ciara Mageean ina baile dúchais|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Féach freisin ==

* [[Rhasidat Adeleke]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mageean, Ciara}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae an Dúin]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1992]]
[[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Reathaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Lúthchleasaithe Éireannacha]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tethra</title>
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      <text bytes="3901" sha1="5tr02buae1k9ttrafr7ygfax8exqa3r" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], ba shliocht na [[Fomhóraigh|Fomhórach]] é  '''Teathra''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Tethra''').  Tar éis dó bás a fháil sa Dara [[Cath Maighe Tuireadh]], bhí sé ina rí i [[Mag Mell]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |
last = Cross |
first = Tom P. |
title = Ancient Irish Tales |
publisher = Henry Holt &amp; Co |
url = http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/connla.html |
accessdate = 1 May 2013 |
chapter = The Adventures of Connla the Fair |
year = 1936|
quote = ''The living ... summon you to the people of Tethra.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Tar éis an chatha, thóg [[Oghma]] a chlaíomh, [[Orna]], agus d'inis sé d'Oghma gach a rinne sé.&lt;ref&gt;{{
cite book |
last = McCullough |
first = David W. |
title = Wars of the Irish Kings: A Thousand Years of Struggle, from the Age of Myth Through the Reign of Queen Elizabeth |
year = 2010 |
publisher = Random House Digital, Inc |
isbn = 978-0609809075 |
page = 18 |
url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5kwKgyZqL0EC&amp;pg=PA18&amp;lpg=PA18&amp;dq=tethra+sword&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=10zYEYVUJB&amp;sig=A66iXNpudi-ohJtO0ruYBHfMXJI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7XOAUYKzIoa29QSmoYH4Cg&amp;ved=0CFAQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&amp;q=tethra%20sword&amp;f=false |
quote = ''Ogma unsheathed [Orna] and cleaned it.  Then the sword told what had been done by it, because it was the habit of swords at the time to recount the deeds that had been done by them whenever they were unsheathed.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sanasaíocht==
B'fhéidir é go bhfuil '''Tethra''' fréamhaithe ón b[[Protai-Ind-Eorpais]] ''*tet(e)ro-'', le brí 'vácarnach'.&lt;ref&gt;[[Julius Pokorny]]: 1079&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/external/cawcs/PCl-MoE.pdf PCl-MoE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060114133008/http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/external/cawcs/pcl-moe.pdf |date=2006-01-14 }} {{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/external/cawcs/pcl-moe.pdf |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060114133008/http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/external/cawcs/pcl-moe.pdf |archivedate=2006-01-14 |dátarochtana=2024-01-25}} agus [http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/external/cawcs/MoE-PCl.pdf MoE-PCl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514141136/http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/external/cawcs/MoE-PCl.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }} ar wales.ac.uk&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |
url=http://www.indo-european.nl/cgi-bin/query.cgi?root=leiden&amp;basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cceltic |
teideal=Archived copy |
accessdate=2006-02-11 |
deadurl=yes |
archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211181501/http://www.indo-european.nl/cgi-bin/query.cgi?root=leiden&amp;basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cceltic |
archivedate = 2006-02-11 |
df= 
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  As Sean-Ghaeilge, tá a lán bríonna ann don fhocal, ina measc 
Tethra féin,&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/40647 3 tethra (b)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413132403/http://dil.ie/40647 |date=2019-04-13 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; muir,&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/40647 3 tethra (a)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413132403/http://dil.ie/40647 |date=2019-04-13 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; eiseamláir&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/40646 2 tethra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413133907/http://dil.ie/40646 |date=2019-04-13 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; agus ''scald-''caróg&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/40645 1 tethra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413133905/http://dil.ie/40645 |date=2019-04-13 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |
url = https://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/sengoidelc/duil-belrai/lorg.php?faclair=db&amp;seorsa=Gaidhlig&amp;facal=tethra&amp;tairg=Cuardaigh |
teideal = In Dúil Bélrai |
accessdate = 2019-03-11 |
dátarochtana = 2019-04-12 |
archivedate = 2021-01-22 |
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20210122140259/https://www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk/sengoidelc/duil-belrai/lorg.php?faclair=db&amp;seorsa=Gaidhlig&amp;facal=tethra&amp;tairg=Cuardaigh }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{Reflist}}

{{Scéalta miotaseolaíochta}}

[[Catagóir:Fomhóraigh]]</text>
      <sha1>5tr02buae1k9ttrafr7ygfax8exqa3r</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tigernmas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3533" sha1="tag8p83xabsxiz9s309ot0jj9rqyztd" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Ard Rí ar Éireann ba ea '''Tiarnmhas''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Tigernmas'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/40741 tigernmas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515073057/http://dil.ie/40741 |date=2019-05-15 }} ar eDIL; tiarnúil&lt;/ref&gt;) mac Follaigh, mac ''[[Ethriel]]'', de shliocht [[Éiremhón|Éiremhóin]]. 

De réir ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]],'' tháinig sé i réim nuair a dhíbrigh sé a réamhtheachtaí [[Conmáel|Conmhaol]] i gCath [[Eamhain Mhacha|Aonach Mhacha]]. Laistigh d'aon bhliain dá theacht i gcoróin, bhuaigh sé seacht gcath is fiche in éadan sliochtach ''[[Eber Finn]]'', ag cloí nach mór an sliocht go léir.

Deirtear gur bruithníodh ór don chéad uair riamh i rith a réimis, ag an ngabha, [[Iuchadán]]. Ba é Tigernmas an chéad rí a thug coirn dá lucht coimhdeachta. Ba é an chéad a chaith éadaí daite le corcra, gorm agus uaine, agus cóirithe le dealga, frainsí agus seoda. Agus é ina rí, tharla deich d[[tomhaidhm]], seacht loch agus trí abha.

==Achar ama==
Bhí Tigernmas i gcoróin ar feadh 70 bliain (nó 100 bliain de réir an ''[[Leabar Fidhnacha]]''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.logainm.ie/29733.aspx Fíonach], Contae Liatroim, ar logainm.ie&lt;/ref&gt;, lch. 23). Fuair seisean agus trí cheathrú d'fhir na hÉireann bás ar [[Maigh Sléacht|Mhaigh Sléacht]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.logainm.ie/1420198.aspx Maigh Sléacht] ar logainm.ie&lt;/ref&gt; agus [[Crom Cruach]] á adhradh acu, dia gránna a mhaolaíodh le híobairt daonna.&lt;ref name=&quot;LGE&quot;&gt;[[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V'', Irish Texts Society, 1956, ll. 198-209&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Edward Gwynn]] (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''[[Dinnseanchas|Dindshenchas Aoi]]'' [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G106500C/text050.html Iml. 3, dán 50], [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G106500D/text007.html Iml. 4, dán 7]&lt;/ref&gt; De réir ''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'', bhí idir-riocht in Éirinn ar feadh seacht mbliana tar éis a bháis, sular thóg [[Eochaid Étgudach]] an ríogacht.&lt;ref name =&quot;AFM&quot;&gt;[[Seán Ó Donnabháin]] (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''Annala Rioghachta Éireann: Annals of the kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters'', Baile Átha Cliath, 1848-1851, [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005A/text006.html Iml. 1, ól . 39]-[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005A/text007.html 44]&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann'': báis ''Thineas'' agus ''Decylas'', ríthe [[an Aisiria|na hAisiria]], agus réimis [[Dáiví]] agus [[Solamh]] in [[Iosrael]]&lt;ref name=&quot;LGE&quot; /&gt;
* ''[[Sioncronachtaí Laud]]'': ríthe [[Asa of Judah|Asa]] agus [[Jehoshaphat]] na [[Iúdáia|na hIúdáia]], agus rí Pertiades (Pyriatides) na hAisiria, 985 RC&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G105018/index.html The Laud Synchronisms] ar CELT&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'': 1621–1544 RC&lt;ref name=&quot;AFM&quot; /&gt;
* [[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]: 1209–1159 RC.&lt;ref&gt;[[Dáithí Ó Coimín]] &amp; [[Pádraig Ua Duinnín]] (eag .&amp; aistr.), ''The History of Ireland by Geoffrey Keating,'' Irish Texts Society, 1902-1914, [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text035.html Leabhar 1 Alt 25]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
roimh = [[Conmáel]] |
teideal = [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann]] |
tar éis = [[Eochaid Étgudach]] |
bliain = [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 1621–1544 RC&lt;br&gt;[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn|FFE]] 1209–1159 RC |
}}
{{s-end}}

[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]</text>
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      <comment>Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>1331720</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2922" sha1="5dqf4ievdmutrvej4oei1xnkjvlyr1x" xml:space="preserve">I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], ba chláirseach an [[Daghdha]] na [[Tuatha Dé Danann|dTuath Dé Danann]] é '''Uaithne''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Uaitniu''').

''Also known as &quot;the Four-Angled Music&quot;, it was a richly ornamented magic [[cláirseach]] made of [[dair]].  When the Dagda played it, it put the seasons in their correct order.  Other accounts tell of it being used to command the order of battle.

I ndiaidh an Dara [[Cath Maighe Tuireadh]], thóg na [[Fomhóraigh]] cláirseach Daghdha leo mar chreach.  D'aimsigh Daghdha i dtigh fleá í, agus [[Breas]] agus a athair [[Ealatha]] an léi.  Bhí cosc curtha ar an gcláirseach ag Daghdha, ionas nach gcanfadh sí go dtabharfadh sé cead.  Ghlaoigh sé uirthi, léim sí den bhalla agus tháinig chuig Daghdha, ag marú deichniúr ar a slí.&lt;ref&gt;[[Lady Gregory]], ''Gods and Fighting Men'', ar [http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/gafm/gafm07.htm sacred-texts.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sanasaíocht==
Tá ''uaithne''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/42688 úaithne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506204625/http://dil.ie/42688 |date=2019-05-06 }}, crann taca; [http://dil.ie/24702 fúat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506204631/http://dil.ie/24702 |date=2019-05-06 }}, adhmad; ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/uaithne uaithne&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;], cuaille; uaithne&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, comhcheol/chorda; ar teanglann.ie FGB&lt;/ref&gt; ann fós sa Nua-Ghaeilge mar fhocal liteartha, le bríonna &quot;crann taca&quot; nó &quot;fonn&quot; (ceoil), b'fhéidir mar thoradh meafar comhleantach.&lt;ref&gt;''Dictionnary of Celtic mythology and religion'', Philippe Jouët, Yoran Embanner Editions&lt;/ref&gt;

''Daur Dá Bláo'', Dair Dhá Bhláth, agus scaití ''Coir cethar chuir'',&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/12406 1 cor 10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506204634/http://dil.ie/12406 |date=2019-05-06 }} fonn ceoil&lt;/ref&gt; Ceol Ceithre Uillinn ab ainmneacha do chláirseach Daghdha.

Sa [[Táin Bó Fhraoigh]], insítear gurb é brí an ainm ná 'Breith-Clainne', agus go raibh triúr mac ag [[Bóinn (bandia)|Bóinn]], agus iad na trí chantaireacht Uaithne: gin an ghoil, gin an gheana agus gin an tsuain.&lt;ref&gt;Sean-Ghaeilge: Gol-traiges, Gen-traiges, Suan-traige; [http://dil.ie/41571 3 traig, traige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507072536/http://dil.ie/41571 |date=2019-05-07 }}, gin, sliocht, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |
url = http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/fraech.html |
teideal = maryjones.us|website=www.maryjones.us |
access-date = 2016-11-30
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Anúna==
Is é &quot;An Uaithne&quot; an bunainm den chór Éireannach [[Anúna]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.anuna.ie/biographies/ |teideal=Anúna |dátarochtana=2019-05-06 |archivedate=2019-05-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506221010/http://www.anuna.ie/biographies/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{Scéalta miotaseolaíochta}}

[[Catagóir:Tuatha Dé Danann]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ábartach</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>89480</id>
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      <id>1331741</id>
      <parentid>1162494</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T18:16:05Z</timestamp>
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        <id>47196</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>1331741</origin>
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      <text bytes="1839" sha1="049n72rdhn5rqr4g8ps3qohc11k6cho" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], scabhaire agus sliocht de na [[Tuatha Dé Danann]] ba ea '''Abarta''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] Ábartach&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/49 abartach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508163648/http://dil.ie/49 |date=2019-05-08 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cotterell&quot;&gt;Cotterell, Arthur: ''The Encyclopedia of Mythology'', lch. 96, Hermes House, 2007. {{ISBN|1-84038-894-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;), a raibh gaol ar leith aige le [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Cotterell&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Matson&quot;&gt;Matson, Gienna: ''Celtic Mythology A to Z'', lch. 1, Chelsea House, 2004. {{ISBN|978-1-60413-413-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá scéal ar leith ann a léiríonn a lúbaireacht, ina thairg sé féin mar ghiolla d'Fhionn mac Cumhaill, go gairid agus Fionn tar éis ceaptha ina thaoiseach na [[Fianna|bhFiann]] i gcomharbacht ar a athair.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cotterell&quot;/&gt;  Mar bheart dea-thola, thug Abarta dóibh capall liath fiáin, arbh éigean do cheathrar Fiann déag dul ar a mhuin sula mbogfadh sé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cotterell&quot;/&gt;  Chuaigh Abarta ar a mhuin ansin taobh thiar desna Fianna, agus chuaigh an capall ar cosa in airde, ag breith na ngaiscí chuig [[sidhe]] na dTuath Dé Danann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cotterell&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Matson&quot;/&gt;  Bhí ar na Fianna, i gceannas [[Foltar|Fholtair]], giolla Fhinn agus a lorgaire is fearr, long draíochta a fháil chun dul ar a dtóir.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cotterell&quot;/&gt;  D'éirigh le Foltar eolas an bhealaigh a dhéanamh isteach sna sidhe agus na gaiscí a aimsiú.  Cuireadh ar Abarta na Fianna a scaoileadh saor agus, chun onóir a shásamh, greim a bhreith ar eireaball an chapaill go dtarraingeofaí é ar ais go [[Éire|hÉirinn]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Cotterell&quot;/&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{Scéalta miotaseolaíochta}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abartach}}
[[Catagóir:Tuatha Dé Danann]]
[[Catagóir:Déithe na nGael]]</text>
      <sha1>049n72rdhn5rqr4g8ps3qohc11k6cho</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sobhairce</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>89523</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331673</id>
      <parentid>1172102</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>47196</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>1331673</origin>
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      <text bytes="2096" sha1="7hcf0j6rf21ptn0rg67aqowsu6380if" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
Ard-Rí seanscéalach na hÉireann ba ea '''Sobhairce''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Sobairce'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/35942 sobairce] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514174722/http://dil.ie/35942 |date=2019-05-14 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;) mac ''Ebric'' agus seanfhionnó [[Míl Espáine|Mhíl Espáine]], le chéile lena dheartháir ''[[Cermna Finn]]''.&lt;ref&gt;R. A. Stewart Macalister (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V'', Irish Texts Society, 1956, ll. 211-213&lt;/ref&gt;

Tháinig an bheirt i gcoróin i ndiaidh do Chearmna an t-iar-rí, ''[[Eochaid Étgudach]]'', a mharú i rith catha ag [[Teamhair]].  Na chéad ard-ríthe de shliocht na n[[Uladh]] ab ea iad.  Roinn siad an tír eatarthu, le teorainn idir [[Droichead Átha]] agus [[Luimneach]].&lt;ref&gt;''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'' [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text035.html 1.25]&lt;/ref&gt;  Bhí Sobairce i réim sa tuaisceart óna cheanncheathrú i n[[Dún Sobhairce]], [[Contae Aontroma]]; Cermna sa deisceart ó [[Dún Chearmna|Dhún Chearmna]] i g[[Contae Chorcaí]]. 

Bhí siad i réim ar feadh daichead bliain.  Fuair Sobairce bás, maraithe ag [[Eochaid Menn]], mac rí na [[Fomhóraigh|bhFomhórach]].  Maraíodh Cermna an bhliain chéanna ag ''[[Eochaid Faebar Glas]]'', mac iar-Ard-Rí ''[[Conmáel]]'', i rith Cath Dhún Chearmna.

==Achar mam==
* ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'': Laosthenes san [[An Aisiria|Aisiria]] agus [[Reachabám]] in [[Iúdá]].
* ''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'': 1155–1115 RC
* ''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'': 1533–1493 RC.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'' [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/text007.html M3667-3707]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
roimh = ''[[Eochaid Étgudach]]'' |
teideal = [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann]]&lt;br&gt;(le ''[[Cermna Finn]]'')|
tar éis = ''[[Eochaid Faebar Glas]]'' |
bliain = [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 1533–1493 RC&lt;br&gt;[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn|FFÉ]] 1155–1115 RC |
}}
{{s-end}}

[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Énna Airgdech</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>89542</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331746</id>
      <parentid>1263832</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T18:46:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>47196</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>1331746</origin>
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      <text bytes="1702" sha1="ewukh9nxwf162zhpb9x7isui7ofg77l" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Ard-Rí seanscéalach na hÉireann ba ea '''Éanna Airgeadach''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Énna Airgdech'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/2022 1 airgdech] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601172723/http://dil.ie/2022 |date=2019-06-01 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''Airgthech''') mac ''[[Eochaid Mumu]]''.

Tháinig sé i gcoróin tar éis dó an t-iar-ard-rí agus marfóir a athar, ''[[Óengus Olmucaid]]'', a mharú sa Chath Charmain. Deirtear go ndearna sé sciatha airgid dá uaislí i n[[Airgeadros]].

Bhí sé i réim ar feadh a seacht nó a hocht mbliana is fiche, sular mharaigh garmhac Aonghasa, ''[[Rothechtaid mac Main]]'', é sa Chath ''Raigne''.&lt;ref&gt;R. A. Stewart Macalister (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V'', Irish Texts Society, 1956, ll. 229&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.logainm.ie/1166994.aspx Roighne](?) ar logainm.ie&lt;/ref&gt;

==Achar ama==
* ''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'': 1032–1005 BC&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100054 Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]'' ([http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text036.html 1.26])&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'': 1537–1533 BC.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005A/text008.html M3790 - 3817]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
roimh = ''[[Óengus Olmucaid]]'' |
teideal = [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann]] |
tar éis = ''[[Rothechtaid mac Main]]'' |
bliain = [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 1410–1383 RC&lt;br&gt;[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn|FFÉ]] 1032–1005 RC |
}}
{{s-end}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Enna Airgdech}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sírna Sáeglach</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>89589</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331683</id>
      <parentid>1263843</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>47196</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>1331683</origin>
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      <text bytes="2329" sha1="bfcgn5yw6q8nei3tcd9i0xhrmx3h5mq" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Ard Rí seanscéalach na hÉireann ab ea '''Síorna Saolach''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Sírna Sáeglach''',&lt;ref&gt;''[http://dil.ie/35893 saeglach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517215906/http://dil.ie/35893 |date=2019-05-17 }}'' ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;) mac [[Dian mac Demal|Déin]] mac [[Demal mac Rothechtaid|Deamhail]] mac ''[[Rothechtaid mac Main|Rothechtaid]]'' mac [[Máen]].

Ghabh Síorna cumhacht na ríochta ar ais chuig Teamhair ó na h[[Ulaidh]]. D'fhógair sé cogadh ar na hUlaidh, óir gur mharaigh siadsan a shin-seanathair, ar feadh céad bliain,&lt;ref&gt;R. A. Stewart Macalister (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V'', Irish Texts Society, 1956, ll. 241-245, 459-461&lt;/ref&gt; céad bliain is caoga,&lt;ref&gt;''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/text010.html M4019]-[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/text011.html 4169]&lt;/ref&gt; nó ach bhliain is fiche.&lt;ref&gt;dán ársa luaite i ''bh[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text036.html 1.26]&lt;/ref&gt; De réir leagain amháin den ''Leabhar Gabhála'', tháinig na hUlaidh le chéile leis na [[Fomhóraigh]] agus throid siad ina éadan ag ''Móin Trógaide'' i g[[Contae na Mí]], ach bhuail ráig de phlá mharfach iad agus d'éag taoisigh ar an dá thaobh.

De réir leagain amháin eile den LGÉ, agus Céitinn agus na Ceithre Máistrí ar aon intinn leis, mharaigh ''[[Rothechtaid Rotha]]'' Síorna a ''Alind''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.logainm.ie/1165814.aspx Cnoc Ailinne](?) ar logainm.ie&lt;/ref&gt;

==Achar ama==
* ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'': a réim le [[Deioces]] na [[Méidigh|Méideach]] (694–665 RC), agus a bhás le [[Phraortes]] (665–633 RC).
* ''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'': 814–794 RC
* ''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'': 1181–1031 RC.

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
roimh = [[Ailill mac Slánuill]] |
teideal = [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann]] |
tar éis = [[Rothechtaid Rotha]] |
bliain = [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann|LGÉ]] 7ú haois RC&lt;br&gt;[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn|FFÉ]] 814–794 RC&lt;br&gt;[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 1181–1031 RC |
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sirna Saeglach}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sétna Innarraid</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>89612</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331681</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-03T13:51:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>47196</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>1331681</origin>
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      <text bytes="1667" sha1="mlo3rq3nzrl0ym8e5ig9mcsu58qlz5t" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Ard Rí seanscéalach na hÉireann ab ea '''Séadna ''Innarraid'' ''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Sétna Innarraid'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/28802 innarrad] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ar eDIL; tuarastal, pá.&lt;/ref&gt;) mac ''[[Bres Rí]]''.

Tháinig sé i gcoróin tar éis dó an t-iar-ard-rí ''[[Finn mac Blatha]]'' a mharú.  Deirtear gurbh é an chéad rí a thug tuarastal dá ghaiscí.  Bhí sé i réim ar feadh fiche bliain, sular mharaigh [[Siomón Brecc]] macó ''[[Nuadu Finn Fáil]]''.

==Achar ama==
* ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'': [[Dáirias Mór]] na [[An Pheirs|Peirse]] (522–485 RC) agus [[Xerxes I]] (485–465 RC) na  [[An Pheirs|Peirse]].&lt;ref&gt;R. A. Stewart Macalister (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V'', Irish Texts Society, 1956, ll. 251-253&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'': 705–685 RC,&lt;ref&gt;''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text036.html 1.26]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'': 930–910 RC.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/text012.html M4270-4290]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
roimh = ''[[Finn mac Blatha]]'' |
teideal = [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann]] |
tar éis = ''[[Siomón Brecc]]'' |
bliain = [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann|LGÉ]] 5ú haois RC&lt;br&gt;[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn|FFÉ]] 705–685 RC&lt;br&gt;[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 930–910 RC|
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Setna Innarraid}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sírlám</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>89622</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331682</id>
      <parentid>1263866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T13:58:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>47196</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>1331682</origin>
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      <text bytes="1774" sha1="aex638xg53egxeq5kg6bhmd0ky7pm3j" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Ardrí seanscéalach na hÉireann ba ea '''Sírlám'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/37651 sír (a)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130223136/http://www.dil.ie/37651 |date=2017-11-30 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; mac ''[[Finn mac Blatha]]''.

Tháinig sé i gcoróin tar éis dó an t-iar-ardrí, ''[[Lugaid Íardonn]]'', a mharú ag Ráth Clochair. Deirtear gur shín a lámha chun talún agus é ina sheasamh (cuir seo le hais [[Lugh]] agus a [[bua-ainm|bhua-ainm]], 
lámhfhada'). Bhí sé i réim ar feadh trí bliana déag&lt;ref&gt;R. A. Stewart Macalister (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V'', Irish Texts Society, 1956, lch. 255&lt;/ref&gt; nó sé bliana déag.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text037.html 1.27]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/text013.html M4328-4344]&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir sé mac [[Eochaid Uairches]] mac Lughaidhe ar deoraíocht, ach tar éis dhá bhliain déag thar lear, tháinig Eochaid ar ais agus mharaigh sé le saighead é.

==Achar ama==
* ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'': [[Artaxerxes I]] na [[An Pheirs|Peirse]] (465–424 RC).
* ''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'': 649–633 RC.
* ''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'': 872–856 RC.

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
roimh = ''[[Lugaid Íardonn]]'' |
teideal = [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann]] |
tar éis = ''[[Eochaid Uairches]]'' |
bliain = [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann|LGÉ]] 5ú haois RC&lt;br&gt;[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn|FFÉ]] 649–633 RC&lt;br&gt;[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 872–856 RC|
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sirlam}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Énna Aignech</title>
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      <text bytes="1835" sha1="bdgx8r0xdwkug58h59e7dgybzjp78an" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], [[Ardrí na hÉireann|Ardrí]] seanscéalach na hÉireann ab ea '''Éanna Aigeantach''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Énna Aignech'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/938 aignech] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524191844/http://dil.ie/938 |date=2019-05-24 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;) mac ''[[Óengus Tuirmech Temrach]]''.

Tháinig sé i gcoróin tar éis dó a réamhtheachtaí, agus marfóir a ghaoil, ''[[Nia Segamain]]''.  Bhí ar i réim ar feadh fiche nó ocht mbliana is fiche, sular mharaigh ''[[Crimthann Coscrach]]'' é.  Ba gharmhac é Crimthann den té a mhaisigh seanathair ''Énna'', sa Chath ''Ard Chrimthinn''.  Maraíodh ''Crimthann'' ag ''[[Rudraige mac Sithrigi]]'', sin-gharmac an mharfóra de dhuine de shinsir ''Énna''.

==Achar ama==
* ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'': [[Ptolemy VIII Physcon]] na [[An Éigipt|hÉigipte]] (145–116 RC).&lt;ref&gt;R. A. Stewart Macalister (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V'', Irish Texts Society, 1956, lch. 289&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'': dates his reign to 219–191&amp;nbsp;RC.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text040.html 1.30]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'': 313–293 RC.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/text021.html M4887 - 4907]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
roimh = ''[[Nia Segamain]]'' |
teideal = [[Ardrí na hÉireann]] |
tar éis = ''[[Crimthann Coscrach]]'' |
bliain = [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann|LGÉ]] 2a haois RC&lt;br&gt;[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn|FFÉ]] 219–191 RC&lt;br&gt;[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 313–293 RC |
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Enna Aignech}}
[[Catagóir:Ardríthe na hÉireann]]</text>
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    <title>Óengus Tuirmech Temrach</title>
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      <text bytes="3297" sha1="4sis7xm2h437h76chjl6s957pfjin2u" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], [[Ardrí na hÉireann|Ardrí]] seanscéalach na hÉireann ab ea '''Aonghas Tuirmeach Teamhrach''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Óengus Tuirmech&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/42394 tuirmech] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526082641/http://dil.ie/42394 |date=2019-05-26 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; Temrach''') mac ''[[Eochaid Ailtlethan]]''.

Tháinig sé i gcoróin tar éis dó an t-iar-ardrí agus marfóir a athar, ''[[Fergus Fortamail]]'', a mharú.  Bhí sé i réim ar feadh tríocha nó seasca bliain.  Fuair sé bás ag [[Teamhair]], agus tháinig a nia  ''[[Conall Collamrach]]'' i gcomharbacht air.

==Sliocht==
I measc a mhac bhí [[Énna Aignech]] agus [[Fiacha Fear Mara]].

in am agus i dtráth, tháinig Énna i gcoróin mar Ardrí.  Ba shinsear é de [[Conn Céadchathach|Chonn Céadchathach]] agus dá bharr d'Ardríthe na g[[Connachta]] agus na clainne [[Uí Néill]].&lt;ref&gt;Le fírinne, is doiléir é sliocht na gConnachta roimh [[Túathal Techtmar|Thuathal Teachtmhar]], maraon le ''Clanna Dedad'' roimh ''[[Dedu mac Sin]]''. Más fíor gur chomhshinsear é Aonghas Toirmheach Teamhrach, bheadh na Chonnachta ina craobh luath na n-''[[Érainn]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Deirtear go raibh Fiacha ag Aonghas lena iníon féin agus é ar meisce.  Tar éis a bhreithe, chuir sé i mbád é, clúdaithe i bhfallaing chorcra le himeall óir, in éineacht le ciste, agus chuir ar seol é &amp;ndash; dá bharr a bhua-ainm ''fear mara''.  D'aimsigh agus thóg fir iascaireachta é.  Ba shinsear é de roinnt Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann, d'[[Ailill Érann]] agus ''[[Clanna Dedad]]'', agus in an trátha, den ''[[Dál Riata]]'', ríthe na h[[Alban]].

==Sanasaíocht==
De réir ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'', ciallaíonn a bhua-ainm &quot;áiritheoir na Teamhrach&quot;, toisc gurbh é a rinne an chéad áireamh in Éirinn (''Turbech imorro, is leis dorindead “turbeach” in Érinn riam; is dé fa “hAengus Turmeach” he.'')&lt;ref&gt;R. A. Stewart Macalister (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V'', Irish Texts Society, 1956, ll. 283-287&lt;/ref&gt;  Deir [[Seathrún Céitinn]] ámh gur ''Tuirbeach'',&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/42374 ? tuirbeach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526103945/http://dil.ie/42374 |date=2019-05-26 }} ar eDIL.&lt;/ref&gt; náire, é a bhua-ainm, toisc gur gabhadh Fiacha trí chiorrú coil.&lt;ref&gt;[[Seathrún Céitinn]], ''Foras Feasa ar Éirinn'',  [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text040.html 1.30]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Achar ama==
* ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'': [[Ptolemy VI Philometor]] na [[An Éigipt|hÉigipte]] (180–145 RC).
* ''[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]'': 262–232 RC.
* ''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'': 385–326 RC.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/text021.html M4815-4875]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
roimh = ''[[Fergus Fortamail]]'' |
teideal = [[Ardrí na hÉireann]]|
tar éis = ''[[Conall Collamrach]]'' |
bliain = [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann|LGÉ]] 2a haois RC&lt;br&gt;[[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn|FFÉ]] 262–232 RC&lt;br&gt;[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 385–326 RC |
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oengus Tuirmech Temrach}}
[[Catagóir:Ardríthe na hÉireann]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Éogan mac Durthacht</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1878" sha1="c8t0ihf6tjs7ppzhwvtfbybpeivtpah" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}}
Sa [[Rúraíocht]] i [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], rí [[Fearnaigh|Fearnaí]], [[Contae Mhuineacháin]], ba ea '''Eoghan mac Dairtheacht''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Éogan mac Durthacht'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/14785 Daurthecht] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730163212/http://dil.ie/14785 |date=2019-07-30 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;).  Ag an bhfleadh le [[Scéal Muc Mhic Dhathó|Mac Dathó]], d'inis [[Cet mac Mágach]] conas ar bhain sé radharc na súile   d'Eoghan, ag caitheamh ar ais sleá a bhuail a sciath.&lt;ref&gt;Meyer, 1894, cuid 14 (loc. cit.)&lt;/ref&gt;

Namhaid na n[[Uladh]] agus a rí, ab ea Eoghan, [[Conchúr mac Neasa]], ach sa deireadh, rinne sé a shíocháin leo.  Mharaigh sé [[Naoise]], fear céile [[Deirdre|Dheirdre]], ar thoil Conchúir.&lt;ref&gt;Kinsella 1969, &quot;Chapter: Exile of the Sons of Uisliu&quot;, lch. 14-15&lt;/ref&gt;  D'fhiafraigh Conchúr de Dheirdre cé acu arbh fhuath léi  thar aon neach, agus d'fhreagair sí, Conchúr féin agus Eoghan Mac Dairtheacht.  Shocraigh Conchúr dá bharr gur chóir di dul chun cónaí le hEoghan ar feadh bliana, ach roghnaigh an banlaoch bás in ionad na cinniúna seo.&lt;ref&gt;Kinsella, 1969, lch. 19-20&lt;/ref&gt;

==Foinsí==
* {{
cite book |
editor-last = Meyer |
editor-first = Kuno |
year = 1894 |
title = The Story of Mac Dáthó's Pig and Hound |
work = Hibernica Minora |
series = Anecdota Oxoniensa |
place = Oxford |
publisher = Clarendon Press |
pages = 51–64
}} (eag. &amp; aistr.) [[Rawlinson B 512]], f. 105v.-
* {{
cite book |
last = Kinsella |
first = Thomas |
year = 1969 |
title = Chapter: Exile of the Sons of Uisliu |
work = the Táin |
place = Oxford |
publisher = Oxford University Press |
pages = 8–20
}}, ón téacs le V. Hull, ''Longes mac n-Uislenn'' (1949)

==Tagairtí==
{{Reflist}}


{{An Rúraíocht}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eogan mac Durthacht}}
[[Catagóir:An Rúraíocht]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tarbhfheis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2552" sha1="g56qffn4p2ozfkdlwk6dgg2ze76uq05" xml:space="preserve">I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], nós um comharba an rí a aimsiú ab ea '''Tarbhfheis''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''tarbfeis''' nó '''tarb-ḟe(i)s(s)''').

==Sanasaíocht==
Tá brí ''fleadh'' ag baint le feis, ach i dteannta sin sa tSean-Ghaeilge, bhí brí ''chodladh'' leis, mar a phléitear ar [[Dictionary of the Irish Language|eDIL]], ''[http://dil.ie/21506 2 feis(s), fess] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' (cé go luann an tagairt do ''tarbfeis'' don iontráil féin!). Tá tuilleadh eolais le fáil faoi ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20191002074355/http://dil.ie/40066 tarb Compds. (a)]'' ar eDIL.

==Nós==
Déantar cur síos ar an ''tarb-feis'' i scéalta na [[Rúraíocht]]a, ''[[Toghail Brú Dá Dearga|Togail Bruidne Da Derga]]'' agus ''[[Searg Chú Chulainn|Serglige Con Chulainn]]''.

Um chomharba an rí a shocrú, d'itheadh fear, de ghnáth [[draoi]], feoil agus glé-anraith tairbh bháin, go dtí go raibh sé sách.  Luíodh sé ansin a chodladh, fad is a chanadh na draoithe ortha thairis, agus é ná an t-''ór fírindi'' (ór fírinne).  D'fheicfeadh an fear codlata i bhfís an rí le teacht.&lt;ref&gt;[[Bernhard Maier]]: ''Lexikon der keltischen Religion und Kultur,'' lch.&amp;nbsp;309.&lt;/ref&gt;  Dá mba bhréag a d'inseodh an fear, ghearrfaí a chuid bheol de.&lt;ref&gt;Helmut Birkhan: ''Kelten. Versuch einer Gesamtdarstellung ihrer Kultur,'' lch.&amp;nbsp;933.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nuair a cheapadh [[Conaire Mór]] ina rí, tuaradh go dtiocfadh fear lomnocht an tsráid anall go [[Teamhair|Teamhraigh]].

:Ar gach ceithre shlí go Teamhraigh, bhí triúr uisle ag fanacht le brat chun an fear tuartha lomnocht a ghléasadh […] Ach bhí iontas ar dhaoine na  Teamhrach ámh gurbh ógánach gan féasóg é a bhí tuartha ag an tarbhfheis.''&lt;ref&gt;Helmut Birkhan: ''Kelten. Versuch einer Gesamtdarstellung ihrer Kultur,'' lch.&amp;nbsp;884. (bei [[Rudolf Thurneysen]]: ''Die irischen Helden- und Königssage bis zum siebzehnten Jahrhundert.'' Halle 1921, lch.&amp;nbsp;66.)&lt;/ref&gt;

==Féach fosta==
* [[Geis]]
* [[Glám dícenn]]
* [[Féth fíada]]
* [[Imbas forosnai]]

==Foinsí==
* [[Helmut Birkhan]]: ''Kelten. Versuch einer Gesamtdarstellung ihrer Kultur.'' Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1997, ISBN 3-7001-2609-3.
* [[Bernhard Maier (Religionswissenschaftler)|Bernhard Maier]]: ''Lexikon der keltischen Religion und Kultur'' (''[[Kröners Taschenausgabe]].'' Band 466). Kröner, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-520-46601-5.

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


[[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uí Bhreasail</title>
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      <text bytes="8911" sha1="9rjxkhviybnfksjo6khudwb3of0k64y" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Ortelius 1572 Ireland Map.jpg|mion|280px|Uí Bhreasail (fad ar chlé) léirithe in aice le hÉirinn ar léarscáil le h[[Abraham Ortelius]] (1572)]]Is oileán miotasach é '''Uí Bhreasail''' (as Béarla''', Hy-Brasil''' nó roinnt leaganacha eile&lt;ref&gt;Hy Brasil, Hy Breasil, Hy Breasail, Hy Breasal, Hy Brazil, I-Brasil&lt;/ref&gt;), suite a dúradh i lár an [[An tAigéan Atlantach|Aigéin Atlantaigh]] ó thaobh thiar d'Éirinn.&lt;ref&gt;Chisholm, Hugh, eag. (1911). &quot;Brazil, or Brasil&quot;, Encyclopædia Britannica, Iml. 4 (11th eag.). Cambridge University Press, lch. 438&lt;/ref&gt;  De réir [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael|miotais na nGael]], bhíodh sé faoi bhrat ceo seachas lá amháin re seacht mbliana, nuair a bhíodh sé sofheicthe ach dobhainte.

==Sanasaíocht==
Is doiléir í sanasaíocht an ainm ''Breasal'' anseo.  De réir béaloideas Gaelach, deirtear go bhfuil sé ainmnithe as muintir ''Uí Breasail'', clann ársa i n-oirthuaisceart na hÉireann.  As SeanGhaeilge, áfach, is féidir na focail a leanas a aithint ann: ''Í'': inis, oileán&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/26894 1 Í] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106120846/http://dil.ie/26894 |date=2019-11-06 }} ar eDIL, inis&lt;/ref&gt;; agus ''bres'': áilleacht, luach, mór, cruthach.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/6736 1 bres (d)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510173743/http://dil.ie/6736 |date=2019-05-10 }}, áilleacht, luach; [http://dil.ie/6737 2 bres] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510173732/http://dil.ie/6737 |date=2019-05-10 }}, mór, cruthach; ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=etymology&gt;{{
cite book|
chapter = Hy Brasil |
title = A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology | url = https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcelt0000mack |
first = James |
last = McKillop |
publisher = Oxford University Press |
year = 1998 |
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In ainneoin an cosúlacht, níl nasc ar bith idir an tír [[An Bhrasaíl|Brasaíl]] agus an oileán miotasach.  Tá an tír ainmnithe as an grcann dúchais Breasaíleach, ar a dtugtar an sanas &quot;dearg mar aibhleog&quot;, fréamhaith ón [[Laidin]] ''brasa'' (&quot;aibhleog&quot;) agus an réamh-mhír ''&amp;#8209;il'' (ó ''&amp;#8209;iculum'' nó ''&amp;#8209;ilium'').&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/brésil CNRTL] – Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://michaelis.uol.com.br/moderno/portugues/index.php?lingua=portugues-portugues&amp;palavra=brasil Michaelis] – Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa&lt;/ref&gt;

==Léarscáileanna==
Siar chomh fada le 1325, d'aithin cairt mhuirí oileán darb ainm ''Bracile'' ó thaoibh thiar d'Éirinn san Aigéan Atlantach, 'sé sin, i g[[cairt phortalach]] le h[[Angelino Dulcert]].  Níos deireanaí, bhí sé ar léarscáil Veinéiseach (1436) le h[[Andrea Bianco]] mar ''Insula de Brasil'',  taobh le hoileán níos mó de shraith oileán san Atlantach.  D'aithníodh seo ar feadh tréimhse le [[Terceira Island|Terceira]] sna [[na hAsóir|hAsóir]].

I g[[cairt Chatalóinise]] thart ar 1480, aithnítear dhá oileán 'Illa de Brasil', ceann amháin ó thaobh thiartheas d'Éirinn (suíomh na háite miotasaí, mar dhea) agus ceann eile ó thaobh theas den &quot;Illa verde&quot; nó [[An Ghraonlainn]].

Léiríodh ar léarscáileanna gur chiorclach é an t-oileán, go minic le [[caolas]] nó abhainn lárnach ag síneadh soir-siar trasna a thrastomhais.

&lt;gallery&gt;
Íomhá:El mar Mediterráneo en el Atlas catalán de Cresques Abraham.jpg|Atlas Catalóinise ó 1375

Íomhá:Piri Reis map of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea.jpg|Léarscáil na hEorpa agus na Meánmhara le [[Piri Reis]] ó 1513

Íomhá:Europe map ca1570.jpg|Léarscáil na hEorpa ó 1570

Íomhá:Abraham Ortelius Map of Europe.jpg|Léarscáil na hEorpa le h[[Abraham Ortelius]] ó 1595

Íomhá:1595 Europa Mercator.jpg|Léarscáil le [[Gerardus Mercator]] ó 1595
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Ag lorg an oileáin==
Chuaigh loingis amach ó Bhriostó sna blianta 1480 agus 1481 ar lorg an oileáin.  Go gairid tar éis teachta abhaile [[John Cabot]] i ndiaidh a loingis féin sa bhliain 1497, scríobh [[Pedro de Ayala]] gur aimsíodh cheanna an tír a d'ath-aimsigh Cabot ag &quot;na fir as Briostó a d'aimsigh Breasail&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Seaver, K.A. (1995) ''The Frozen Echo'', Stanford University Press, lch. 212 {{ISBN|0-8047-3161-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 1674, mhaígh 'Captain John Nisbet' go bhfaca sé an t-oileán ar turas ón Fhrainc go hÉirinn, agus dúirt sé go raibh ann coiníní dubha móra agus draíodóir a bhí ina haonar i gcaisleán cloiche.  Ba chumadóireacht iad áfach an carachtar agus an scéal leis an údar Éireannach, [[Richard Head]].&lt;ref&gt; Barbara Freitag, ''[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EU8jAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA62&amp;lpg=PA62&amp;dq=John+Nisbet+hy-brasil&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=jT9XGbY3rM&amp;sig=DPhcYsM7vOTmhrpwIbjq5MKX0N8&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=83ZwVdf5JKH4ygOvnIDoBg&amp;ved=0CFUQ6AEwCDgK#v=snippet&amp;q=Richard%20Head&amp;f=false Hy Brasil: The Metamorphosis of an Island]'', Rodopi, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Deir [[Ruaidhrí Ó Flaithbheartaigh]] linn ina ''A Chorographical Description of West or H-Iar(sic) Connaught'' (1684): &quot;Tá anois ar marthain [[Murrogh Ó Laoi]], a shamlaíonn go raibh sé féin ar oileán Uí Bhreasail le dhá lá, agus go bhfaca sé uaidh [[Oileáin Árann]], Gólam (gar do [[Leitir Mealláin]]), cnoc [[Iorras Beag|Iorrais Bhig]] agus áiteanna eile ar an tír thiar a raibh aithne aige orthu.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;As Béarla: &quot;There is now living Murrough O'Ley, who imagines he was personally on O'Brasil for two days, and saw out of it the isles of Aran, Golamhead (by Letter Mullen), Iorrasbeghill, and other places of the west continent he was acquainted with.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Rinneadh nasc fosta issue Oileáin Uí Bhreasail agus an [[Banc Porcupine]], scairbh san Aigéan Atlantach tuairim is 200 km siar ó Éirinn &lt;ref&gt;{{
cite journal |
last = Velasco |
first = Francisco |
author2 = Jorge Landa |
author3 = Joaquín Barrado |
author4 = Marian Blanco |
title = Distribution, abundance, and growth of anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) on the Porcupine Bank (west of Ireland) |
journal = ICES Journal of Marine Science |
year = 2008 |
volume = 65 |
issue = 7 |
pages = 1316 |
doi = 10.1093/icesjms/fsn130 |
url = http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/65/7/1316.full |
accessdate = 18 November 2010
}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus aimsithe sa bhliain 1862.  Chomh luath is an bhliain 1870, léitear páipéar ag ''Geological Society of Ireland'' ag moladh na sainaitheanta seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{
cite book |
last = Winsor |
first = Justin |
title = Narrative and critical history of America (Volume 01) |
year = 1889 |
publisher = Houghton, Mifflin and Company |
url = https://archive.org/stream/narrcrithistamerica01winsrich/narrcrithistamerica01winsrich_djvu.txt |
page = 51
}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ó shin i leith, chonacthas an moladh in eagrán sa bhliain 1883 de ''[[Notes and Queries]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{
cite journal |
last = Frazer |
first = W. |
journal = [[Notes and Queries]] | volume = s6-VIII |
title = O'Brazile or Hy Brazile | issue = 207 |
page = 475 |
date= December 1883 |
url = https://books.google.com/?id=sc7fAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=brasil+%22porcupine+bank&amp;q=porcupine+bank#search_anchor |
doi = 10.1093/nq/s6-VIII.207.475a
}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus i roinnt fiosrúchán den 20ú haois, san áireamh ar na mallaibh an saothar ''Underworld: The Mysterious Origins of Civilization'' le [[Graham Hancock]].

==Cultúr na nDaoine==
De bharr cosúlacht na n-ainmneacha, glaoitear &quot;Hy Brasil&quot; ar [[Meiriceá Theas|Mheiriceá Theas]] sa saincheadúnas ficsean eolaíochta ''[[Warhammer 40,000]]'' ([[:en:Warhammer 40,000|en]]).

Sa ''[[Lyonesse Trilogy]]'' le [[Jack Vance]], is 'Hybras' é ainm an oileáin is mó desna ''Elder Isles''.  Insítear i mbrollach an chéad leabhair gurb é seo bunús an ainm 'Hy-Brasil'.

Sa scannán ''[[Erik the Viking]]'', bhí ar na carachtair dul ar turas go dtí oileán Uí Bhreasail chun corn draíochta a fháil.

==Féach freisin==
* [[Tech Duinn]], oileán miotasach  ó thaobh thiar d'Éirinn, a théann anamacha ann tar éis báis.
* [[Great Ireland]], oileán mar an gcéanna ó thaobh thiar d'Éirinn, a deirtear go raibh tionchar ag a mhiotas ar na Lochlannaigh.

==Foinsí==
* {{cite book | last = Freitag | first = Barbara | title = Hy Brasil: the metamorphosis of an island: from cartographic error to Celtic Elysium | publisher=Rodopi | location = Amsterdam | year = 2013 |isbn=9789042036413}}
* {{cite journal|last=Sean Lynch|title=Preliminary Sketches for the Reappearance of HyBrazil|journal=Utopian Studies|date=2010|volume=21|issue=1|pages=5–15|doi=10.1353/utp.0.0003}}

* Scríobh [[Patricia Forde]] leabhar álainn do pháistí faoin oileán Hy-Brasil darb ainm 'An tOileán Thiar’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=AN tOILEÁN THIAR, by Patricia Forde|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtcbxlvWFKY|date=2021-01-21|author=Laureate na nÓg, ar Youtube}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uí Bhreasil}}
[[Catagóir:Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]]
[[Catagóir:Oileáin na hÉireann]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Teinm laída</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>91067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331691</id>
      <parentid>1110576</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T14:45:43Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="947" sha1="6wvy25635comx2k1iok6n8t5hj0phio" xml:space="preserve">Fáistineach nó ortha cumtha ag [[Ollamh Éireann|ollaimh]] agus ''[[filid]]'' (agus filí eile) na hÉireann ársa ab ea '''teinm laoidhte'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/laoidh laoidh] ar teanglann.ie FGB&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''teinm&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/40394 teinm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109092414/http://dil.ie/40394 |date=2019-11-09 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; laída''').  Dúradh go raibh an-chumas ag [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]] iontu, ag cur a ordóg ina bhéal aige chun teacht ar eolas an [[bradán feasa|bhradán feasa]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803102851271?rskey=0hLQzG&amp;result=0&amp;q=TEINM teinm laída]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ar Oxford Index&lt;/ref&gt;

==Féach freisin==
* ''[[Díchetal do chennaib]]''
* ''[[Imbas forosnai]]''
* ''[[Teinm laída]]''

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Seanchas]]
{{síol}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tríocha céad</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2016" sha1="25kp4bzmmrluy8gts6ssrarz1myktt3" xml:space="preserve">Aonad gabháltas in Éirinn desna 11ú agus 12ú haoiseanna ab ea '''tríocha céad''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''trícha cét''').&lt;ref name=&quot;Placenames&quot;&gt;[http://www.placenamesni.org/landunits.php Place Names NI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727133957/http://www.placenamesni.org/landunits.php |date=2019-07-27 }} - Land units&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;one&quot;&gt;MacCotter, Paul; ''Medieval Ireland: Territorial, Political and Economic Divisions'', lch. 13. [[Four Courts Press]], 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-84682-098-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is amhlaidh go dtugann an t-ainm le fios an líon saighdiúirí arbh fhéidir le hachar a choinscríobh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Placenames&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Dillon&gt;{{
cite book |
first = Myles |
last = Dillon | 
year = 1994 |
title = Early Irish Literature | 
publisher = Four Courts Press | location = An Charraig Dhubh, Baile Átha Cliath, Éire |
isbn = 1-85182-177-5 |
nopp = true |
page = xiv
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Cúlra==
Déantar cur síos ar tríocha céad mar &quot;aonad ríoga [[sealbhaíocht]]a, [[cáin|cánach]], rialtais áitiúil, agus [[coinscríobh|coinscríofa]] míleata&quot;. Bhíodh gaol go f formhór idir é agus mionrí (rí ruireach).&lt;ref name=&quot;two&quot;&gt;ibid lch. 22&lt;/ref&gt; I mionchásanna ámh, bhíodh ''taoiseach'' nó ''airrí''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/2368 airrí (a)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112115130/http://dil.ie/2368 |date=2019-11-12 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; i réim, ceaptha ag rí níos airde.&lt;ref name=&quot;two&quot;/&gt;

I gcúige [[Uladh]], dhéantaí tríocha céad a fhoroinnt ina ocht mbaile biathú is fiche agus 463 seisreach, a bheag nó a mhór.&lt;ref name=&quot;Placenames&quot;/&gt;

Le linn na 12ú haoise, cuireadh an córas ar bun ar fud na tíre, mionleasú ar chóras a raibh ann roimhe sin.&lt;ref name=&quot;two&quot;/&gt;

==Féach freisin==
* [[Baile fearainn]]
* [[Túath]]

==Naisc sheachtracha==
*[http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/history/territorial_divisions/triocha_cets.htm The Triocha Céts] ar clarelibrary.ie

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Triocha Cead}}
[[Catagóir:Seanchas]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uath (ogham)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>91105</id>
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      <id>1331721</id>
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      <text bytes="2954" sha1="rcyp01ss0l9zxqpa77ehz38tqshvnn0" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Graiféim}}

Is í an séú litir den aibítir [[Ogham|oghaim]] an t'''Uath'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/uath uath&lt;sup&gt;1, 2, 4&lt;/sup&gt;] ar teanglann.ie FGB, uafás, sceach gheal, fuath&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Úath'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/42807 3 úath] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118011923/http://dil.ie/42807 |date=2019-11-18 }}, sceach gheal, [http://dil.ie/42805 1 úath] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118010557/http://dil.ie/42805 |date=2019-11-18 }}, fuath&lt;/ref&gt;).  Is í an chéad litir, agus dá bharr an ainmlitir, den Aicme Uatha, sraith chúig litir atá de réir tréithe scríoba suas nó faoi chlé na stoclíne.  Trascríobhtar é mar ʜ sna lámhscríbhinní, ach ní fhaightear fianaise di sna hinscríbhinní atá ar marthain.  Tugtar mar chiall idir (f)uath agus [[sceach gheal]].   Moltar inniu {{IPA|[j]}} di mar luach foghraíochta.

==Sanasaíocht==
De bharr easpa fianaise agus gur cailleadh an túschonsan, is doiléir é sanasaíocht na litreach, agus mar sin fosta a luach foghraíochta.&lt;ref&gt;{{
cite book |
title = A Guide to Ogam |
last= McManus |
first = Damian |
year = 1991 |
series = Maynooth Monographs | volume = 4 |
isbn = 1-870684-75-3 |
issn = 0790-8806 |
publisher = An Sagart |
location = Co. Chill Dara, Éire |
page = 37
}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Athchruthaíodh an focal sa [[Gaeilge Chianach|Ghaeilge Chianach]] mar ''*osato-''.  

Mhol McManus (1986) an luach /y/ (.i. an leathghuta [j]).&lt;ref&gt;op. cit., lch 36.&lt;/ref&gt;  Mhol [[Peter Schrijver]], dá mb'fhíor gur gaol le ''pavere'' na Laidine ab ea ''úath'' &quot;eagla&quot;, go bhféadfadh gur caomhnaíodh rian de PIE-''*p'' sa Ghaeilge Chianach, ach arís, tá easpa fianaise ann.&lt;ref&gt;op. cit., lch 37.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Bríatharogam==
Is iad a leanas na nathanna meafaracha (''kennings'') d'ainm na litreach sa [[Bríatharogam|Bhriatharogham]]:&lt;ref&gt;[[Auraicept na n-Éces]], George Calder, Edinburgh, John Grant (1917), athchló Four Courts Press (1995), {{ISBN|1-85182-181-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''condál cúan&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://dil.ie/13334 |teideal=1 cúan |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118012710/http://dil.ie/13334 |archivedate=2019-11-18 |dátarochtana=2019-11-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;'' (comhdháil conairte) i mBriatharogham ''Morann mic Moín''
* ''bánad gnúise'' (bánú gnúise/aghaidhe) i mBriatharogham ''Mac ind Óc''
* ''ansam aidche'' &quot;(is ansa&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/ansa ansa&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;] ar teanglann.ie FGB&lt;/ref&gt;/deacra istoíche) i mBriatharogham ''Culainn''.

Cé go molann na nathanna úd uafás mar chiall don litir, san [[Auraicept na n-Éces]] faightear an ghluais '[[sceach gheal]]':
:''comdal cuan huath .i. sce L. om; no ar is uathmar hi ara deilghibh'' (comhdháil conairte is ea ''huath'' (.i. sceach gheal); nó óir is uathmhar/uafar/uafásach í ara dealga).

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{Litreacha Oghaim}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uath}}
[[Catagóir:Litreacha Oghaim]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tinne (ogham)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>91107</id>
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Is í an t-ochtú litir den aibítir [[Ogham|oghaim]] an '''Tinne''',&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/40880 3 tinne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116231744/http://dil.ie/40880 |date=2019-11-16 }} ar eDIL, an litir T; cuileann, craobh troim&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/tinne tinne&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;] ar teanglann.ie FGB, teilgean&lt;/ref&gt; le ciall '[[teilgean]]' nó barra iarainn.&lt;ref&gt;{{
cite book |
title = A Guide to Ogam |
last= McManus |
first = Damian |
year = 1991 |
series = Maynooth Monographs | volume = 4 |
isbn = 1-870684-75-3 |
issn = 0790-8806 |
publisher = An Sagart |
location = Co. Chill Dara, Éire |
page = 37
}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Is [[cuileann]] í an litir i [[Auraicept na n-Éces|gCóras na gcrann]].  Is í an tríú litir den Aicme [[Uath (ogham)|Uatha]].  Is é {{IPA|[t]}} a luach foghraíochta.

==Sanasaíocht==
Is dócha gur gaolta is ea an focal le ''tend''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/40489 1 tend] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723023226/http://dil.ie/40489 |date=2019-07-23 }} nó [http://dil.ie/40490 2 tend] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929043753/http://dil.ie/40490 |date=2020-09-29 }}, tréan, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; nó ''tind''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/40852 1 tind] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929040901/http://dil.ie/40852 |date=2020-09-29 }}, drilseach, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; na Sean-Ghaeilge.

==Bríatharogam==
Is iad seo a leanas na nathanna meafaracha, ar a nglaoitear  ''[[Bríatharogam]]'' (''kennings'') orthu:

* trian roith, i mBríatharogam ''Morann mic Moín''
* smior guaile, i mBríatharogam ''Mac ind Óc''
* trian airm, i mBríatharogam ''Culainn''.&lt;ref&gt;[[Auraicept na n-Éces]] Calder, George, Edinburgh, John Grant (1917), athchló Four Courts Press (1995), {{ISBN|1-85182-181-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De réir na fianaise seo, is léir gurb is brí le Tinne sa tSean-Ghaeilge ná &quot;barra miotail”.

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{Litreacha Oghaim}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tinne}}
[[Catagóir:Litreacha Oghaim]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Straif (ogham)</title>
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    <id>91111</id>
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Is í an ceathrú litir déag den aibítir [[Ogham|oghaim]] an '''Straif'''.  Is í an ceathrú litir den Aicme [[Muin (ogham)|Mhuine]].  I measc leaganacha den fhocal sa tSean-Ghaeilge, tá ''straiph'', ''zraif'', ''sraif'', ''sraiph'' agus ''sraib'';&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/38987 straif] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115031052/http://dil.ie/38987 |date=2019-11-15 }} ar eDIL, airne&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/38728 sraib] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115031044/http://dil.ie/38728 |date=2019-11-15 }}, [http://dil.ie/35703 1 ruib] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ar eDIL, ruibh&lt;/ref&gt; le ciall is amhlaidh 'ruibh'.  Ní fios go cruinn luach fógraíocht na litreach, ach b'fhéidir gurbh é [st], [ts] nó [sw].  I lámhscríbhinní na meánaoise, faightear é trasscríofa le Z na Laidine.

==Bríatharogam==
Is iad seo a leanas na nathanna meafaracha (''kennings'') d'ainm na litreach le fáil sna [[Bríatharogam|Briatharoghaim]]:
* ''tressam rúamnai'' (treise ruaimnithe)  
* ''mórad rún'' (móradh rún)  
* ''saigid nél'' (saighe/lorg néal)

Más fíor é gur 'ruibh' í ciall na litreach, is féidir an chéad dá nath a mhíniú le '' main use '' ruibh mar dhath, agus a saintréith [[ailceimic|ailceimiceach]] significance, faoi seach.  D'fhéadfadh gur truailliú é an tríú nath de ''saiget nél'' (saighead néal), .i. ''sraibh-tine'',&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/38732 sraibtine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601172725/http://dil.ie/38732 |date=2019-06-01 }} ar eDIL, tintreach&lt;/ref&gt; [[tintreach]].

Tá nath eile ann, ''aire srábae''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/38715 sráb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115094512/http://dil.ie/38715 |date=2019-11-15 }} ar eDIL, (a) sruth, (b) slua&lt;/ref&gt; (aire/uasal sruthanna)&quot;, agus molann taobhaithe &quot;Aibítir na gCrann&quot; gur [[draighean]] é seo, ag maíomh gur &quot;tor ar sruth&quot; atá i gceist.  D'fhéadfadh go bhfuil nasc idir an nath seo agus an ''sruth [s]ruibhe'' luaite in [[Íseáia]] 30:33, de dheasca na ruibhe úd.

==Foinsí==
* Damian McManus, ''Irish letter-names and their kennings'', Ériu 39 (1988), 127-168.

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{Litreacha Oghaim}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Straif}}
[[Catagóir:Litreacha Oghaim]]</text>
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Is í an t-ochtú litir déag den aibítir [[Ogham|oghaim]] an t'''Úr''',&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/43212 4 úr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115031042/http://dil.ie/43212 |date=2019-11-15 }},  [http://dil.ie/33920 3 or, (ur)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114225458/http://dil.ie/33920 |date=2019-11-14 }}, fraoch, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; le ciall &quot;úr,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/úr úr&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;] ar teanglann.ie FGB, fraoch&lt;/ref&gt; fraoch&quot;.  Is í an tríú litir den Aicme [[Ailm (ogham)|Ailme]].  Is é [u] nó [u:] a luach foghraíochta.

==Briatharoghaim==
Is iad a leanas na nathanna meafaracha (''kennings'') d'ainm na litreach le fáil sna [[Briatharoghaim]]:

* ''úaraib adbaib&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/329 1 adba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507035748/http://www.dil.ie/329 |date=2021-05-07 }}, áitreabh, áras, baile, dulóg, uachais, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;''
(fuaraibh adbhaibh / (i n-)áitribh fuara)
* ''sílad cland'' (síolú clann&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/clann clann&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; Lit], planda, ar teanglann.ie FGB&lt;/ref&gt;/planda)
* ''forbbaid ambí'' (taiséadach neamhbheo)

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}

{{Litreacha Oghaim}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ur}}
[[Catagóir:Litreacha Oghaim]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uí Fiodhghinte</title>
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      <text bytes="25363" sha1="s2q9gxgca9m6pzl08s1mhdd5fqjae62" xml:space="preserve">Luathdhream agus ríocht i dtuaisceart na [[Mumhan]] ab ea '''Uí Fiodhghinte''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Uí Fidgenti'''), suite go formhór i g[[Contae Luimnigh]] an lae inniu, ach sínte i g[[Contae an Chláir]] agus i g[[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] isteach, agus b'fhéidir gur [[Contae Chiarraí]] agus [[Contae Chorcaí]], ó am go chéile.  Bhí siad faoi bhláth ó 377 AD go 977 (bás Donnabháin), cé gur lean a dtionchar le trí chéad bliain anuas.

Tá scéalta bunúis difriúla tugtha dóibh ag scoláirí éagsúla, idir luath- nó prót-[[Eoghanachta]] agus na [[Dáirine]] fosta, gan chomhaontú le feiceáil.

==Sinsearacht==
Fiacha Fiodhghinte, dara mac [[Dáire Cearba|Dháire Chearba]], ab ea sinsear chlann Uí Fiodhghinte.  Creidtear gur éirigh Dáire ina phríomhphearsa de chine [[Míl Easpáine|Mhíl Easpáine]] i ndiaidh bás Criomhthainn sa bhliain 379 AD.  Níor éirigh Fiacha féin ina rí Mumhan ámh, óir gur mharaigh a chéile comhraic, Aonghas Tireach fionnó [[Dál gCais|Chormaic Cais]], é  in a battle fought at Clíodhna, gar do [[Cuan Dor|Chuan Dor]].&lt;ref&gt;Aguisín le hAnnála na gCeithre Máistrí, eag. by John O'Donovan, lch. 2434&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sanasaíocht==
Insítear i [[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]], gur ainmníodh Fiacha Fiodhghinte as capall adhmaid (fiodh/feá) a rinne (ghin) sé ag Aonach Cholmáin.

==Clanna==
Sé chéad bhliain tar éis aimsir Fhiacha, bhí dhá phríomhchlann ann i measc a mhuintire, clann '''Uí Chairbre Aobha''' agus '''Uí Chonaill Gabhra'''.&lt;ref&gt;O'Donovan 1856&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Begley&quot;&gt;Begley&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mac Spealáin 1960&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mac Spealáin 2004&lt;/ref&gt;  Ba mhinic é go raibh an dara acu ina clann is cumhachtaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Begley&quot;/&gt;  Faoin mbliain 1169, bhí clann Uí Chairbre roinnte ina dís, Uí Chairbre féin agus Uí Dhonnabháin.&lt;ref&gt;MacCarthaigs Book, 1177.2&lt;/ref&gt;  Sna ginealaigh le fáil i [[Rawlinson B 502]] agus an [[Leabhar Muimhneach]], ámh, feictear gur scar an chraobh le ’'Cenn Faelad'', ceithre glúin roimh Ó Donnabháin (bás 974), de thoradh an chomhaontais le Lochlannaigh Luimnigh agus Port Láirge.

Dlúthghaoil na n-Uí Fiodhghinte ab ea an chlann [[Uí Liatháin]], a mhaígh freisin gur shinsear acu é [[Dáire Cearba]].  Luaitear le chéile iad, bíodh is dála an scéil, i leat fhoinsí amhail is ''[[Tairired na nDéssi]]''.&lt;ref&gt;eag. Meyer 1901&lt;/ref&gt;

I measc clanna mhuintir Uí Fiodhghinte, tá: Ó Billrí, Ó Bruadair, Ó Cinnfhaolaidh,  Ó Cléireacháin, Ó Coileáin, Ó Connaill, Ó Diaghaidh, Ó Donnabháin, Ó Flannabhra, Ó hIfearnáin, ''Mac Eneiry'', Ó Coinn, agus Ó Treasaigh.&lt;ref&gt;[[An Leabhar Muimhneach]]&lt;/ref&gt;  

I measc daoine an lae inniu atá de shliocht Dháire Cearba tá na [[Uí Chonnaill]] as [[Doire Fhíonáin]].&lt;ref&gt;O'Hart, ll. 183–85&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cusack, lch. 6 ff&lt;/ref&gt;  D'fhógair ''[[Daniel Charles O'Connell]]'' é seo go follasach do bholscairí [[Louis XVI na Fraince]].  De shliocht Uí Chonaill Gabhra ab ea [[Mícheál Ó Coileáin]].&lt;ref&gt;Coogan, ll. 5–6&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;O'Hart&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Coogan 2&quot;&gt;{{
cite book |
url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xscRAhBt2JgC&amp;pg=PA11 |
title = Michael Collins: The Man Who Made Ireland |
publisher = Palgrave Macmillan |
author = Coogan, Tim Pat |
year = 2002 |
pages = 5–6 |
isbn=0312295111
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Michael Collins.jpg|right|mion|200px|Mícheál Ó Coileáin]]

==Méid agus teorannacha==
De réir foinsí éagsúla, an ríocht is cumhachtaí sa Mumhain roimh na hEoghanacht ab ea muintir Uí Fiodhghinte (má fhágtar ar lár an [[Corca Laidhe|Corca Laidhe]] iar-cumhachtach agus an t[[Osraí]] ar an imeall.&lt;ref&gt;Byrne, ''passim''; Charles-Edwards, ''passim''&lt;/ref&gt;  Faoi 950, bhí na críocha roinnte go formhór idir an dá phríomhchlanna, Uí Chairbre agus Uí Choileáin.  Bhí clann Uí Chairbre Aobhdha (of which Uí Donnabháin were chieftains) suite feadh ghleann na Máighe i gCois Máighe agus Caonraí, i ndéanacht Átha Dara, agus ar am éigin chomh fada le Cill Mocheallóg ar aghaidh go hArd Pádraig agus Dún ar Aill.  Bhíodh Ui Chonaill Gabhra lonnaithe thiar, feadh An Daoil chuig Sliabh Luachra, mar atá inniu sna barúntachtaí Conallaigh Uachtaracha agus Íochtaracha.  

Bhíodh naisc ag clanna eile Uí Fiodhghinte le suíomhanna eile i Luimneach.  Tá Maigh Thamhnach ainmnithe as géag na bhFear Tamhnaí.&lt;ref&gt;Westropp, ''Ancient Churches in Co. Limerick'', ll. 332-333&lt;/ref&gt;

Is é [[Fíonach, Contae Luimnigh|Fíonach]] an t-aon áit amháin le fáil inniu le hiarsma den ainm Fiodhghinte.&lt;ref&gt;Lewis, ''Topographical Dictionary'', faoin ainm ''Mahonagh''&lt;/ref&gt;  Paróiste atá ann suite ó dheas den [[An Caisleán Nua, Contae Luimnigh|Caisleán Nua]] i gContae Luimnigh.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Genealogical Memoir of the O'Donovans, formerly Kings of Ui Fidgheinte&quot;, C. L. Nono &amp; Son, Printers and Stationers 
Inis, Co. an Chláir, Éire 1902&lt;/ref&gt;

==Naomh Pádraig==
Féach ''[[Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Stokes 1887, ll. 202–5&lt;/ref&gt;

==Naomh Seanán==
Féach [[Senán mac Geircinn]].

==Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne==
Feictear sna hannála, don bhliain 645, go raibh na hUí Fiodhghinte ina gcomhghuaillí rí na g[[Connacht]], [[Guaire Aidhne mac Colmáin]], ag [[Cath Charn Chonaill]].  Bhí na críocha ó thuaidh de mhuintir Uí Fiodhghinte faoi smacht ríora Ghuaire, darbh ainm [[Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne]].  Molann Byrne&lt;ref&gt;Byrne 2001, lch. 243&lt;/ref&gt; go raibh coimhlint idir an dá ríocht for control over roinnt tuath níos lú, ach other evidence suggests they were allied.&lt;ref&gt;Ó Coileáin 1981, lch. 133&lt;/ref&gt;  San 8ú haois, deirtear go ndeachaigh na hUí Fiodhghinte i mbun comhraic in éadan Guaire, athair ''Lament of Crede'', iníon Ghuaire, ag [[Cath Áine]] sa bhliain 667.

==Suíomhanna agus seandálaíocht==
[[Image:Ardagh chalice.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Cailís Ardach]]]]

Ba é [[Brú Rí|Dún Eochair]], in aice le Brú Rí inniu, príomhchathair na nUí Fiodhghinte.&lt;ref name=&quot;Begley&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;FitzPatrick&lt;/ref&gt; Dúirt [[Seathrún Céitinn]] gurbh í ar cheann de dhá phríomhchathair na nDáirine agus [[Cú Raoi]] seanscéalach mac Dáire.&lt;ref&gt;lch. 123&lt;/ref&gt;  Tá na hoibreacha créafóige le feiceáil fós ar bhruach [[An Mháigh|na Máighe]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Begley 1906&quot;&gt;Begley, 1906&lt;/ref&gt;  Faightear fud i mBrú Rí ceantar darb ainm Lios [[Ailill Aulom|Ailealla Óloim]],&lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;Begley 1906&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Joyce 1903, iml. II, ll. 101–2&lt;/ref&gt; sin-sin-sin-seanathair Fiacha Fiodhghinte, a fuair bás sa bhliain 234 AD, agus atá ar adhlacadh ag [[Dún Trí Liag]].

Raibh ó dheas de Bhrú Rí tá [[Cnoc Samhna]],&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.logainm.ie/30848.aspx] ar logainm.ie&lt;/ref&gt; aitheanta fosta mar known as ''Ard na Ríoghraidhe''.  Nasctha le [[Mongfind|Moingfhionn]],&lt;ref&gt;FitzPatrick 2004, ll. 131–2&lt;/ref&gt; d'fhéadfadh é gur suíomh insealbhaithe na nUí Fidgenti a bhí ann.

D'aimsíodh an [[Cailís Ardach]] i gcríocha na nUí Fiodhghinte, ag [[Ráth Riaráiste]] sa bhliain 1868.&lt;ref&gt;Gógan, 1932&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Begley, 1906&lt;/ref&gt;

==Gaol leis na nEoghanacht==
Deirtear go raibh gaol ar leith ag na hUí Fiodhghinte le ríthe na nEoghanacht i g[[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]].

Cúig ghlúin roimh Fhiacha, creidtear gur roinn [[Ailill Aulom|Ailill Ólom]] (bás 234 AD) cúige Mumhan idir a mhic, agus rinne sé an coinníoll go ndéanfadh a shleachta sealaíocht le chéile mar rí.  Rinneadar san go dtí aimsir [[Brian Bóramha|Bhriain Bhóramha]], a mharaigh mar a chreidtear Donnabhán Ui Fiodhghinte sa bhliain 977.&lt;ref&gt;Aguisín le hAnnála na gCeithre Máistrí, eag. John O'Donovan, lch. 2432&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní bhíodh na hUi Fiodhghinte ina ngéillsinigh ríthe na nEoghanacht, agus níor íoc siad cáin.  Tugtar i [[Leabhar na gCeart]] trácht ar  cúitimh Rí Chaisil do rí Uí Chonaill
:deich n-each, sciath, gcorn
agus rí Dhún Eochair
:seacht n-each, sciath, gcorn, claíomh agus seachtar ógánach aimsire agus seachtar daoránach.  
Tugtar trácht fosta gurbh fhiú dusk Rí Uí Chonail le Ríthe Chaisil, agus níor ghá ghiall ar bith a mhalartú le haghaidh comhaontaithe.  In alt sa scéal ''[[Tairired na nDéssi]]'',&lt;ref&gt;Meyer, 1901&lt;/ref&gt; ainmnítear na hUí Fiodhghinte (agus na hUí Liatháin san áireamh) i measc Thrí Eoghanachta na Mumhan, agus iad eile ná an [[Eoghanacht Locha Léin]] agus an [[Eoghanacht Raithlinn]].&lt;ref&gt;Byrne 2001, lch. 178&lt;/ref&gt;

==Meath==
Sa 10ú haois, roinneadh na hUí Fiodhghinte teorann le chéile le Mathún (i gCaiseal) agus Brian Bóramha (i dTuamhain), agus is minic a bhíodh comhraic críche eatarthu.

Rinne [[Donnabhán mac Cathail]], sinsear Uí Dhonnabháin, comhaontas in aghaidh an [[Dál gCais|Dáil Chais]] le beirt ceannairí eile, a athair céile [[Íomhar Luimnigh|Íomhar]], rí Danmhargach [[|Luimneach|Luimnigh]], agus ''[[Máel Muad mac Brain]]'', [[rí na Mumhan]]. Mar thoradh míchlúiteach, maraíodh [[Mathgamain mac Cennétig|Mathún mac Cinnéide]], deartháir mór [[Brian Bóramha|Briain Bhóramha]], mar chúiteamh ar a chuid ionsaithe ar Uíbh Fhiodhghinte.  D'imir Brian Bóramha díoltas orthu triúr as a bhás á chloí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harvcolnb|Todd 1867&quot;&gt;Todd, 1867&lt;/ref&gt;

Thosaigh meath Uí Fhiodhghinte sa 12ú haois, sa bhliain 1178, nuair a chuir [[Domhnall Mór Ó Briain]] an ruaig ar Uí Chonaill agus Uí Chairbre chomh fada leis an Eoghanacht Locha Léin ([[Annála Inis Faithlinn|AIF]]).  Leanfadh clann chumhachtach Uí Choileáin, roinnt leathscór bliain níos deireanaí,&lt;ref name=&quot;Harvcolnb|O'Hart 1892&quot;&gt;O'Hart, 1892&lt;/ref&gt; ach d'fhan clann níos lú amháin nó dhó, go háirithe Mhic Innéirí,&lt;ref name=&quot;Harvcolnb|O'Hart 1892&quot;/&gt; i gContae Luimnigh le roinnt aoiseanna, mar thiarnaí faoi cheannas [[Iarlaí Deasmhumhan|Iarlaí nua Deasmhumhan]].

I measc teaghlach tábhachtach nár tháinig slán as cogaidh [[Uí Bhriain]], agus ina dhiaidh sin ionraí [[Mhic Gearailt]], bhí [[Uí Chinnfhaolaidh]], Uí Fhlannabhra, Uí Threasaigh, Uí Chléireacháin agus Uí Rinn.  Scaip na clanna seo ar fud na Mumhan.

[[Íomhá:Collins.png|mion|Armas Uí Choileáin.]]

Bhí comhaontas déanta idir Uí Fiodhghinte agus Uí Íomhair cúig ghlúin roimh mharú Donnabháin sa bhliain 977, agus bhí ainmneacha Danmhargacha ag Uí Dhonnabháin fad tar éis bás Amhlaoibhe (Olaf) Uí Dhonnabháin sa bhliain 1201.  Agus iad ar an bhfoireann a chaill i mblianta deiridh na 10ú haoise, thit tionchar Uí Dhonnabháin i léig sna haoiseanna ina dhiaidh sin.

D'fhan croí Uí Chonaill Gabhra, faoin Uí Choiléain, ina dream cumhachtach sa Mhumhain le tamall fada fós.  Deirtear i n[[Annála Inis Faithlinn]] don bhliain 1177 go raibh &quot;Táin bó i gceannas by Domhnaill Uí Dhonnchadha agus Coileán Ó Coileáin in aghaidh Machaire, agus thug siad leo go leor bó.  Rinneadh síocháin i ndiaidh sin ag mac Mhic Cárthaigh agus Uí Bhriain&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[[Annála Inis Faithlinn]] 1177.4&lt;/ref&gt;  Cuireann sé seo in iúl go raibh Uí Chonaill Gabhra i gceannas airm mhóir ag an am úd, agus nár chuir Mhic Gearailt an ruaig orthu go Corcaigh go dtí lár na 13ú haoise.

Maraíodh Coiléan agus go leor uaisle Uí Chonaill Gabhra i rith cath in éadan a battle with Domhnaill Mhic Cárthaigh sa bhliain 1189,&lt;ref&gt;[[Annála Inis Faithlinn]] 1189.3&lt;/ref&gt; rud  tubaisteach nár chuidigh leo in aghaidh ionsaí na [[Cambra-Normannach]].  Sa bhliain  1201, maraíodh Domhnall Mac Carthaigh i mbun ionradh a dhéanamh ar Uí Chairbre.  Bliain ina dhiaidh sin, maraíodh an rí deireanach luaite sna hannála, ''[[Amlaíb Ua Donnubáin]]'', ag [[William de Burgh]] agus mic Domhnaill Mhóir Uí Bhriain ([[Annála Inis Faithlinn|AIF]]).

==Contae an Chláir==
De bharr cheannas níos deireanaí an Dáil Chais i gContae an Chláir, tharla dó gur deacair é clanna Uí Fidgenti ann a aimsiú agus a aithint.  Chaomhnaigh géag cumhacht Uí Chonaill Gabhra, darbh ainm Uí Chormaic, a gcuid féiniúlachta, óna bhfuil na hUí Aichir síolraithe, ach creidtear gur cuireadh clanna eile i measc an Dáil Chais, san áireamh b'fhéidir clanna [[Uí Dhéaghaidh]] agus [[Uí Choinn]] as [[Uí Fearmaic]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/thomond.htm The Kingdom of Thomond] le Dennis Walsh&lt;/ref&gt; agus [[Mhic Conmara]] as Clann Choileáin.

==Corca Laidhe==
Tá fianaise ann go raibh gaol ar leith idir Uí Fiodhghinte agus an [[Corca Laidhe|Chorca Laidhe]]  agus a gcolanna ceathrair, na [[Dáirine]], rud a gcuirfeadh in iúl saol polaitiúil na Mumhan roimh na hEoghanachta.  Tá an fhianaise seo le fáil sna luath-ghinealaigh ó 550 go 1130 (mar shampla [[Rawlinson B 502]]&lt;ref&gt;féach Ó Corráin (eag.), 1997&lt;/ref&gt;) agus iad tiomnaithe ag [[Seán Ó hAirt]] sa 19ú haois.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harvcolnb|O'Hart 1892&quot;/&gt;

Tugtar ginealach Uí Fiodhghinte (Uí Chonaill Gabhra) do chlann [[Uí Laoghaire]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.libraryireland.com/Pedigrees1/OLearyHeber.php O'Leary of Uí Fidgenti] (Ó hAirt, 1892)&lt;/ref&gt; cé go meastar go hiondúil gur de mhuintir na Corca Laidhe iad.

==Tagairtí sna hAnnála==
Féach [[Annála Inis Faithlinn]] (AIF) agus [[Leabhar Mhic Cárthaigh]] (LMC).
{| class=wikitable
|-
! width=10% | #
! width=45% | Meán-Ghaeilge/Laidin
! width=45% | Nua-Ghaeilge
|- valign=top
| AIF I635.1
| Cath Cúile Óchtair eter h-Ú Fidginte &amp; Aradu
| Cath Cúil Óchtair idir UÍ Fhidgeinte agus Araid.
|- valign=top
| AIF 649.2
| Mors Crundmaíl meic Aeda, rig h-Ua Fidginte.
| ''Mors'' (bás) Crunnmaoil mhic Aodha, rí Uí Fiodhghinte.
|- valign=top
| AIF 683.1
| Mors Donennai(ch), rig h-Ua Fidginte, &amp; duineba&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/19140 duineba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915180910/http://www.dil.ie/19140 |date=2019-09-15 }}, básmhaireacht, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; na macc.
| Mors Donennaigh, rí Uí Fiodhghinte, agus bás na mac. [AU 683, 684].
|- valign=top
| AIF 732.1
| Mors Duib Indrecht m. Erca, ríg h-Ua Fidginte.
| Mors Duibh Indreachta mac Earca, rí Uí Fiodhghinte.
|- valign=top
| AIF 751.1
| Mors Duib dia Bairend meic Aeda Róin, rí h-Ua Fidgente.
| Mors Duibh dá Bhairinn mhic Aodha Róin, rí Uí Fiodhghinte.
|- valign=top
| AIF 762.2
| Mors Flaind m. Eirc, ríg h-Ua Fidginte.
| Mors Fhlainn mhic Eirc, rí Uí Fiodhghinte.
|- valign=top
| AIF I766.2
| Maidm for Mael Dúin mc. Aeda i m-Bregaib re n-Uíb Fidginte &amp; re n-Araib Cliach, .i. Enboth Breg.
| Maidhm ar Mael Dúin mac Aodha i mBreá le hUí Fiodhghinte agus Araid Cliach, i.e. ''Énboth Breg.
|- valign=top
| AIF 774.4
| Mors Cind Foelad, ríg h-Ua Fidginte, ocus Rechtabra, ri Corcu Bascind.
| Mors Chinn Fhaoladh, rí Uí Fiodhghinte, agus Reachtabhra, rí Chorca Bascinn.
|- valign=top
| AIF 786.2
| Mors Scandlain m. Laind m. Eircc, ri h-Ua Fidginti.
| Mors Scannláin mhic Fhlainn mhic Eirc, rí Uí Fiodhghinte.
|- valign=top
| I834.8
| ?
| ''Dúnadach mac Scannláin, rí  Uí Fiodhghinte, won a battle against the heathens, in which many fell.
|- valign=top
| I835.9
| ?
| ''Death of Dúnadaigh mhic Scannláin, rí Uí Fiodhghinte.
|- valign=top
| I846.5
| ?
| ''Niall mac Cinn Fhaoladh, rí Uí Fiodhghinte, dies.
|- valign=top
| I860.2
| ?
| ''Aidh mac Dhuibh dá Bhairin, rí Uí Fiodhghinte, dies.
|- valign=top
| I906.4
| ?
| ''Ciarmac, rí Uí Fiodhghinte, dies.
|- valign=top
| AIF 962.4
| Mors Scandlain h-ui Riacain, rí h-Ua Fidginte.
| Mors Scannláin uí Riacáin, rí Uí Fiodhghinte.
|- valign=top
| I972.3
| ?
| ''The capture of Mathgamain son of Cennétig, king of Caisel. He was treacherously seized by Donnuban and handed over to the son of Bran in violation of the guarantee and despite the interdiction of the elders of Mumu, and he was put to death by Bran's son.
|- valign=top
| 974.0
| ?
| Bás '' of Dhonnabhan mac Cathail, tiarna Uí Fiodhghinte.
|- valign=top
| AIF 977.3
| Crech la Brian mc. Cennetich for h-U Fidginte coro la ar n-Gall and.
| Féach ag [[Brian Bóramha|Brian mac Cinnéide]] ar Uí Fiodhghinte, agus rinne sé ár Gall ann.
|- valign=top
| I982.4
| ?
| ''Uainide son of Dhonnabhán, king of Uí Chairpri, died.
|- valign=top
| AIF 1177.3
| Coccad mór itir Tuadamain &amp; Desamuin in hóc anno goro fássiged o Lumniuch co Corcaig &amp; o Chlár Dairi Mór go Cnoc Brénain itir chill &amp; túaith, go rancatar Í Mc. Caillai &amp; U Liathain i n-iarthar h-Eren, &amp; go rangatar Eoganacht Locha Léin go Férdrum i n-Uíb Echach, &amp; go rangatar Chíarrigi Lúachra i Tuádamain, &amp; go rangatar I Chonaill &amp; Í Charbri go h-Eoganacht Locha Léin.
| Cogadh mór idir Tuamhan agus and Deasmhumhan, agus scriosadh ó Luimneach go Corcaigh agus ó Chlár and o Chlár Doire Mór go Cnoc Bréanáin, idir chill agus tuath, agus tháinig Uí Mhic Caille Uí Liatháin i n-iarthar na hÉirinn, agus tháinig Eoghanacht Locha Léin go Féardroim in Uí Eochach, agus tháinig Ciarraí Luachra i dTuamhan, agus tháinig Uí Chonaill agus Uí Chairpri go hEoghanacht Locha Léin.
|- valign=top
| LMC 1177.2
|
| Cogadh mór '' broke out between Domhnall Mór Ó Briain and Diarmaid Mór Mac Carthaigh, and they laid waste from Limerick to Cork, and from Clár Doire Mhóir and Waterford to Cnoc Bréanainn, both church and lay property. The Uí Mac Caille fled southwards across the Lee into Uí Eachach, the Eóghanacht Locha Léin fled to Féardhruim in Uí Eachach, the Ciarraighe Luahra into Thomond, the Uí Chairbre, the Uí Chonaill, and the Uí Dhonnabháin into Eóghanacht Locha Léin, and to the country around Mangarta.
|}

==Craobh ghinealaigh==
Bunaithe go príomhúil ar [[Rawlinson B 502]]:&lt;ref&gt;Ó Corráin (eag.), 1997, lch. 195 (176)&lt;/ref&gt;

{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | DÁR |DÁR=[[Dáire Cearba]] /&lt;br/&gt;Maine Munchaín}}
{{familytree ||||||||||!}}
{{familytree ||,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | FIA | | LIA | | FIO | | DED | | DUA |FIA=Fiach|LIA=[[Uí Liatháin]]|FIO=Uí Fiodhghinte|DED=''[[Cland Dedad|Uí Dedaid]]''|DUA=[[Uí Duach Argetrois]]}}
{{familytree ||)|-|-|-|.}}
{{familytree | CRI | | MON |~| EOC |~| CAI |CRI=[[Crimthann mac Fidaig|Criomhthann mac Fiaigh]]|MON=[[Mongfind|Moingfhionn]]|EOC=[[Eochaid Mugmedón|Eochaidh Moghmheán]]|CAI=[[Caireann]]}}
{{familytree ||||||!||||||||!}}
{{familytree ||||| CON |||||| NÉI |CON=[[Connachta]]|NÉI=[[Uí Néill]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Foinsí==
* Begley, John, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Sn4PAAAAIAAJ The Diocese of Limerick, Ancient and Medieval]''. Baile Átha Cliath: Browne &amp; Nolan. 1906.
* [[Francis John Byrne|Byrne, Francis John]], ''Irish Kings and High-Kings''. Four Courts Press. 2a heagrán athbhreithnithe, 2001.
* [[Thomas Charles-Edwards|Charles-Edwards, T.M.]], ''Early Christian Ireland''. Cambridge. 2000.
* [[Tim Pat Coogan|Coogan, Tim Pat]], ''Michael Collins: The Man Who Made Ireland''. Palgrave Macmillan. 2002.
* [[Cormac mac Cuilennáin]], agus John O'Donovan (aistr.), Whitley Stokes (eag.), [[Sanas Cormaic]], nó ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rX8NAAAAQAAJ Cormac's Glossary]''. Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society. Calcutta: O. T. Cutter. 1868.
* [[Margaret Anna Cusack|Cusack, Sister Mary Frances]], ''[https://archive.org/details/lifeofdanielocon00cusauoft Life of Daniel O'Connell, the Liberator : His Times – Political, Social, and Religious]''. Nua-Eabhrac: D. &amp; J. Sadlier &amp; Co. 1872.
* FitzPatrick, Elizabeth, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cscQwIzZr70C&amp;hl Royal Inauguration in Gaelic Ireland c. 1100–1600: A Cultural Landscape Study]''. Boydell Press. 2004.
* Gógan, Liam S., ''The Ardagh Chalice''. Baile Átha Cliath. 1932.
* [[Patrick Weston Joyce|Joyce, Patrick Weston]], ''A Social History of Ancient Ireland'',  [https://books.google.com/books?id=kVQTAAAAQAAJ Iml. I] agus [https://books.google.com/books?id=Iz0TAAAAQAAJ A Social History of Ancient Ireland, Iml. II]. Longmans, Green, and Co. 1903.
* [[Seathrún Céitinn]], [[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]]; le David Comyn agus Patrick S. Dinneen (aistr.), ''[http://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100054/index.html The History of Ireland by Geoffrey Keating]''. 4 Iml. Londain: David Nutt for the Irish Texts Society. 1902–14.
* Kelleher, John V., &quot;The Rise of the Dál Cais&quot;, in Étienne Rynne (eag.), ''North Munster Studies: Essays in Commemoration of Monsignor Michael Moloney''. Limerick: Thomond Archaeological Society. 1967, ll.&amp;nbsp;230–41.
* [[Eoin Mac Néill|Mac Néill, Eoin]], [https://archive.org/details/papersirishacad00macnuoft &quot;Early Irish Population Groups: their nomenclature, classification and chronology&quot;], Imeachtaí [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]] (C) 29. 1911, ll.&amp;nbsp;59–114
* Mac Spealáin, Gearóid, ''Uí Cairbre Aobhdha''. Baile Átha Cliath: Oifig an tSoláthair. 1960.
* Mac Spealáin, Gearóid, ''Ui Conaill Gabhra i gContae Luimnigh: A Stair (A History of West County Limerick)''. Luimneach: Comhar-chumann Ide Naofa. 2004.
* [[Kuno Meyer|Meyer, Kuno]] (eag. &amp; aistr.), &quot;The Expulsion of the Dessi&quot;, in [https://archive.org/details/ycymmrodor14cymmuoft Y Cymmrodor 14]. 1901, ll. 101-35. (le fáil fosta ar [https://books.google.com/books?id=pbm3KK8EsaAC here])
* &amp;mdash; (ed.), [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G105005/index.html &quot;The Laud Genealogies and Tribal Histories&quot;], in ''Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie 8''. Halle/Saale, Max Niemeyer. 1912. Pages 291–338.
* &amp;mdash; (ed. &amp; tr.), [https://www.jstor.org/pss/30007119 &quot;The Song of Créde daughter of Guaire&quot;], in ''[[Ériu (iriseán)|Ériu]] 2'' (1905), ll. 15–17.
* Murphy, Gerard (eag.), &quot;The Lament of Créide, Daughter of Gúaire of Aidne, for Dínertach, Son of Gúaire of the Ui Fhidgente&quot;, in Gerard Murphy (eag.), ''Early Irish Lyrics: Eighth to Twelfth Century''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1956, ll.&amp;nbsp;86–88. Aitheanta fosta mar[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606035944/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G400036/ It é saigte gona súain] (cf. Donnchadh Ó Corráin 1996)
* Ó Coileáin, Seán, &quot;Some Problems of Story and History&quot;, in ''Ériu 32'' (1981), ll. 115–36.
* O'Connell, Mary Ann Bianconi, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VYgNAAAAYAAJ The Last Colonel of the Irish Brigade: Count O'Connell]. Londain: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co. 1892.
* [[Donnchadh Ó Corráin|Ó Corráin, Donnchadh]] (eag.), [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G105003/index.html Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502]. University College, Cork: Corpus of Electronic Texts. 1997.
* &amp;mdash;, &quot;Prehistoric and Early Christian Ireland&quot;, in Foster, Roy (eag.), ''The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland''. Oxford University Press. 2001, ll. 1–52.
* [[Dáibhí Ó Cróinín|Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí]] (eag.), ''A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Vol. 1''. Oxford University Press. 2005.
* [[John O'Donovan (scoláire)|O'Donovan, John]] (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|Annala Rioghachta Eireann. Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1616]]''. 7 nIml. Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann. Baile Átha Cliath. 1848–51. 2a heagrán, 1856.
* [[John O'Hart|O'Hart, John]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=elNmAAAAMAAJ Irish Pedigrees]. Baile Átha Cliath. 5ú heagrán, 1892.
* O'Keeffe, Eugene (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''Eoganacht Genealogies from the [[An Leabhar Muimhneach|Book of Munster]]''. Corcaigh. 1703. (le fáil [http://www.iol.ie/~kevnilse/eoghantx.html anseo])
* [[T. F. O'Rahilly|O'Rahilly, Thomas F.]], ''Early Irish History and Mythology''. [[Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath]]. 1946.
* Rynne, Etienne (eag.), ''North Munster Studies: Essays in Commemoration of Monsignor Michael Moloney''. Luimneach. 1967.
* Sproule, David, [https://www.jstor.org/pss/30007776 &quot;Origins of the Éoganachta&quot;], in ''[[Ériu (iriseán)|Ériu]] 35'' (1984), ll.&amp;nbsp;31–37.
* &amp;mdash;, [https://www.jstor.org/pss/30007794 &quot;Politics and pure narrative in the stories about Corc of Cashel&quot;], in ''Ériu 36'' (1985), ll.&amp;nbsp;11–28.
* [[Whitley Stokes|Stokes, Whitley]] (eag. &amp; aistr.), [https://archive.org/details/tripartitepatrick00stokuoft The Tripartite Life of Patrick]. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode for Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1887.
* [[James Henthorn Todd|Todd, James Henthorn]] (eag. &amp; aistr.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=TgMGAAAAQAAJ Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill]. Longmans. 1867.
* [[Thomas Johnson Westropp|Westropp, Thomas Johnson]], &quot;A Survey of the Ancient Churches in the County of Limerick&quot;, in [https://books.google.com/books?id=4OoAAAAAYAAJ Imeachtaí Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann], Imleabhar XXV, Cuid C (Archaeology, Linguistic, and Literature). Baile Átha Cliath. 1904–1905, ll. 327–480, Plátaí X-XVIII.

==Naisc sheachtracha==
* [http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/history/osl/thomond_territory.htm The Territory of Thomond] discusses the extent of the Kingdom of Uí Fidgenti
* [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/thomond.htm Tuadmumu] has maps and convenient Uí Fidgenti-related genealogies
* [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/munster.htm Tribes &amp; Territories of Mumhan]
* [http://www.traceyclann.com/files/Tracys%20decended%20from%20the%20Eoghanachts.htm Tracys of the Eóganachta] features a very detailed genealogy of the Uí Fidgenti, compiled and translated from numerous primary and secondary sources
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090524033026/http://mysite.verizon.net/timdesmond/files/dna_southirish.htm South Irish R1b]

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{Mumhain}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ui Fidgenti}}
[[Category:Eoghanachta]]</text>
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  <page>
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:''Féach freisin [[Cúige Uladh]]
Ard-ríocht nó '[[Cúigí na hÉireann|cúige]]' i n-oirdheisceart na [[Éire|hÉireann]] le linn na meánaoise ba ea '''''Ulaid'''''.  Cónaidhm dreamanna nó finte éagsúla a bhí ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Connolly589&quot;/&gt;  Mhaígh roinnt rítheaghlach san ard-ríocht gur de shliocht na ''nUlad'' féin iad ([[Dál Fiatach]], srl), agus eile de shliocht na g[[Cruithne]] ([[Dál nAraidi]], srl).  

[[Íomhá:UlsterDioceseKingdoms.png|thumb|Ulaid le linn na 10ú agus 11ú–haoiseanna, le trí phríomh-fho-ríocht (gan Dál Riada).]]

Thugtaí ''[[Rí na nUladh|Rí Ulad]]'' nó ''[[Ríthe Éireann|Rí in Chóicid]]'' (Rí an Chúige) ar an rí.&lt;ref name=&quot;MacNeill651&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FraserPage159&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;  I gcáipéisí staire, séard atá i gceist leis an téarma ''Ulaid'' ná an dream, agus an [[Dál Fiatach]] ina rítheaghlach air.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;  Dá bharr, bhíodh dhá bhrí leis an teideal ''Rí Ulad'': rí na hard-ríochta agus/nó rí an dreama.&lt;ref name=&quot;MacNeill651&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;

Feictear na ''hUlaid'' go suntasach sa [[Rúraíocht]], cnuasach scéalta de chuid [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]].  De réir na seanscéalta úd, luíodh críocha ársa na nUlad le [[cúige Uladh]] an lae inniu, gan [[Contae an Chabháin]], ach [[Contae Lú]] san áireamh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Connolly589&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hack38&quot;/&gt;  Síneadh a theorainn theas ón [[An Drobhaois|Drobhaois]] san iarthair go dtí [[An Bhóinn]] san oirthear.&lt;ref name=&quot;Connolly589&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hack38&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;

Ag tús an ré stairiúil in Éirinn sa 6ú haois, bhí críocha na ''nUlad'' teoranta taobh thoir den [[An Bhanna|Bhanna]].  Deirtear gur ghéill siad tailte d'[[Oirialla]] agus [[Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Connolly589&quot;/&gt;  Tháinig deireadh le ''hUlaid'' mar ríocht Ghaelach sa 12ú haois, nuair a chloígh an ridire [[Tiarnas Angla-Normannach|Angla-Normannach]], [[John de Courcy]], iad, agus tháinig [[Iarlacht Uladh]] i réim.&lt;ref name=&quot;Connolly589&quot;/&gt;

[[Íomhá:Coat of arms of Courcy family.svg | mion | 50px | link=Tiarnas na nUladh|Tiarnas na nUladh]] [[Íomhá:Lacy arms.svg | mion | 50px | link=Iarlacht Uladh|Iarlacht Uladh]]

==Sanasaíocht==
Is ainmfhocal iolra é ''Ulaid'' agus eatnainm (ainm treibhe) a bhí ann ar dtús.  Mar is gnách, ceanglaíodh an t-ainm, cé nach raibh nasc ar bith ag an rítheaghlach leis an bhfine úd.&lt;ref name=&quot;Byrne46&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf7-8&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MacNeill60&quot;/&gt;

Is dócha gurb ionann na hUlaid agus na Ούολουντιοι (''Uoluntii'' or ''Voluntii'') luaite in ''[[Geografaíocht (Tolamaes)|Geographia]]'' den dara haois AD le [[Tolamaes]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ptolemy&quot;/&gt;  B'fhéidir gur truailliú é seo de Ούλουτοι (''Uluti'').  Tá an t-ainm fréamhaithe ón [[Seán-Ghaeilge]] ''ul'', le brí &quot;[[féasóg]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Karl Horst Schmidt, &quot;Insular P- and Q-Celtic&quot;, in Martin J. Ball and James Fife (eag.), ''The Celtic Languages'', Routledge, 1993, lch. 67&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/43085 1 ul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127075843/http://dil.ie/43085 |date=2022-01-27 }}, féasóg, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;  Litríonn an scríbhneoir de dheireadh na 7ú haoise, [[Muirchú]], Ulaid mar ''Ulothi'' ina shaothar ''Beatha Phádraig''.&lt;ref name=&quot;MIaE493&quot;/&gt;

Tá an t-ainm Béarla ''Ulster'' fréamhaithe ó ''Ulaid'', ach níltear ar aon intinn maidir lena shanasaíocht.  D'fhéadfadh gur tógadh ''Ul'', le nó gan ginideach Ioruaise ''-s'', agus ''tír'';&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon27&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf26&quot;/&gt; sin nó ''-ster'' as Ioruais ba ea an iarmhír (le brí &quot;áit&quot;, coitianta i Sealtainn agus san Iorua).&lt;ref name=&quot;Isaac&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UHC&quot;/&gt;

Glaoitear Ultach ar dhuine de bhunadh na háite, agus dá bharr Mac nó Nic an Ultaigh''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Neafsey&quot;&gt;{{
cite book |
last = Neafsey |
first = Edward |
title = The Surnames of Ireland: Origins and Numbers of Selected Irish Surnames |
url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fwxxSDG1a_cC&amp;pg=PA168 |
year = 2002 |
publisher = Irish Roots |
isbn = 9780940134973 |
page = 168
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Réamhstair==
Sa saothar ''[[Geografaíocht (Tolamaes)|Geographia]]'' le [[Tolamaes]], scríofa sa 2a haois AD, faightear na ''h[[Uoluntii]]'' in oirdheisceart na nUladh, taobh ó dheas d'[[Abhainn an Lagáin]] agus ó thuaidh [[An Bhóinn|den Bhóinn]].  Ó thuaidh bhí na [[Darini]] agus ó dheas na h[[Eblani]].  Deir [[Muirchú moccu Machtheni|Muirchú]], ina shaothar &quot;Vita Sancti Patrii&quot; scríofa sa 7ú haois, go raibh críocha na ''nUlothi'' suite idir an dá abhainn úd.&lt;ref&gt;Duffy (2005), lch. 817&lt;/ref&gt;  Sa [[Rúraíocht]] de chuid [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], a caomhnaítear i lámhscríbhinní ón the 8ú haois ar aghaidh, deirtear go raibh na hUlaid i gceannas ar fud tuaisceart Éireann ar fad, an teorainn ó dheas ag síneadh ón mBóinn san oirthear go dtí an [[An Drobhaois]] san iarthar.  Bhí an phríomhchathair ag [[Eamhain Mhacha]], gar d'[[Ard Mhacha]] an lae inniu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf26&quot;/&gt;

Le linn na tréimhse seo, deirtear go raibh Éire roinnte ina cúige, 'sé sin cúig ard-ríocht, Ulaid ina measc.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hurbert169-171&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MacNeill&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan1&quot;/&gt;  Glaodh bréag-staraithe na meánaoise ''Aimser na Coicedach'' ar an ré seo.&lt;ref name=&quot;MacNeill&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hurbert169-171&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ossianic75&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MacNeill&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan1&quot;/&gt;

Tá scéalta na [[Rúraíocht]]a suite le linn réimse [[Conchúr mac Neasa|Conchúir mhic Neasa]], rí na ''nUlad'' ag Eamhain Mhacha, agus insíonn siad faoin gcoinbhleacht leis na  [[Connachta]], i gceannas na banríona, [[Méabh]], agus a fir chéile, [[Ailill mac Máta]].  Is é [[Cú Chulainn]], nia Chonchúir, príomhlaoch na scéalta, agus an eipic ''[[Táin Bó Cúailnge]]'' an scéal is tábhachtaí.

I roinnt scéalta, deirtear gur tharla breith agus bás Chonchúir i gcomhthráth le [[Críost]].  Más fíor, is iomrall aimsire é láthair na gConnacht.  Tá a fhios, áfach, gur cumadh croineolaíocht luathstair na nGael.&lt;ref&gt;Byrne 2001, lch. 50–51.&lt;/ref&gt;  I ndáiríre, cónaidhm teaghlach de shliocht an rí seanscéalaigh, [[Conn Céadchathach]], den 2a haois de réir sheanchais, ba ea na Connachta stairiúil.&lt;ref&gt;R. A. Stewart Macalister (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V'', Irish Texts Society, 1956, lch. 331–333&lt;/ref&gt;  Insítear i sága amháin gur chomhaoiseach iad Conn agus ''[[Fergus mac Léti]]'',   réamhtheachtaí Chonchúir mar rí na ''nUlad''.&lt;ref&gt;D. A. Binchy (eag. &amp; aistr.), [http://www.ucd.ie/tlh/trans/dab.eriu.16.001.t.text.html &quot;The Saga of Fergus mac Léti&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201150233/http://www.ucd.ie/tlh/trans/dab.eriu.16.001.t.text.html |date=2012-02-01 }}, ''[[Ériu (journal)|Ériu]]'' 16, 1952, ll. 33–48&lt;/ref&gt;  Deir [[Tíreachán]] ina naomhsheanchas [[Naomh Pádraig|Phádraig]] den 7ú haois  go raibh [[Cairpre Nia Fer|Cairbre Nia Fear]], Conchúir son-in-law,  ina bheatha ach 100 bliain roimh an Naomh, .i. sa 4ú haois.&lt;ref&gt;Ludwig Bieler (eag. &amp; aistr.), ''The Patrician Texts in the Book of Armagh'', Tírechán 40&lt;/ref&gt;

Bunaithe ar fhad ré bhéaloidis dá mheas féin, mhol Kenneth Jackson, go ndeachaigh an Rúraíocht siar go dtí an 4ú haois.&lt;ref&gt;[[Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson]], ''The Oldest Irish Tradition: a Window on the Iron Age'', Cambridge University Press, 1964&lt;/ref&gt;  Mhol T. F. O'Rahilly agus scoláirí eile gur fréamhaithe í an Rúraíocht sna cogaí idir na ''hUlaid'' agus na Connachta agus Uí Néill sa 4ú agus 5ú haoiseanna.  I ndeireadh na dála, ghéill na hUlaid an chuid is mó dá gcríocha, a bpríomhchathair san áireamh, do ríochtaí nua na [[Oirialla|nOiriall]].&lt;ref&gt;O'Rahilly 1946, ll. 207–234&lt;/ref&gt;  De réir an tsean-nóis, gurbh iad [[Colla Uais|na Trí Colla]],&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrien170-1&quot;/&gt; triúr sin-dubhó Choinn, a chloígh rí ''Ulad'', ''[[Fergus Fog]]'' ag [[Achaidh Leithdeircc|Achad Leith-dheirg]] i g[[Contae Mhuineacháin]], ghabh críocha uile na ''nUlad'' taobh thiar den [[An Rí]] agus [[Loch nEathach]], agus dhóigh Eamhain Mhacha.  Deirtear i ''n[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'' gur tharla seo sa bhliain AD 331.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005A/text030.html M322-331]&lt;/ref&gt;

Creideann O'Rahilly agus a lucht leanúna gur dúblóg liteartha iad na Collas de [[Níall Noígíallach|Niall Naoighiallach]], bunaitheoir chlann Uí Néill.  Molann siad gurbh fhíor-choncaire Eamhain Mhacha a bhí siad sa 5ú haois.&lt;ref name=&quot;DOC&quot;&gt;Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, &quot;Ireland, 400–800&quot;, in Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (eag.), ''A New History of Ireland'', Iml 1, 2005, ll. 182–234&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba iad na hÉarainn, muintir na ''nUlad'', a bhí ina [[Ríthe na Teamhrach]] sa Rúraíocht, agus cuirtear iad i láthair ar bhealach tuisceanach, [[Conaire Mór]] acu go háirithe.  Chuir na [[Laigin]] Teamhair fúthu níos deireanaí, a bhí ar slí éigin go hait measctha leis na Connachta sa Rúraíocht.&lt;ref&gt;Is amhlaidh go raibh láithreacht réamhstairiúil ag na Laigin i gConnachta, agus b'fhéidir é go raibh siad i gceannas ann.  Féach Byrne, ll. 130 ff.&lt;/ref&gt;  Níos deireanaí, thóg na Connachta lár na tíre uathu.  Idir an dá linn, bhí na hÉarainn, faoi [[Cú Raoi]], i gceannas sa [[Mumhain]].  Cé gur naimhde na ''nUlad'' iad, cuirtear arís i láthair iadsan ar bhealach tuisceanach.

De réir sheanchais eile a mhair go  dtí an 11ú haois, thit Eamhain Mhacha sa bhliain 450 AD, laistigh de ré [[Naomh Pádraig|Naomh Pádraig]].  Más fíor, b'fhéidir gurb é seo an fáth gur roghnaigh sé Ard Mhacha, gar d'Eamhain Mhacha, mar suíomh a dheoise, mar a bhí fós faoi cheannas na ''nUlad'';&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel173-4&quot;/&gt; agus furasta an fáth gur cuireadh faoi é i n-oirthear na nUladh in ionad Ard Mhacha, mar a bhí ansin faoi cheannas na nOiriall.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel173-4&quot;/&gt;

Is dócha nár lonnaitheoirí iad na hOirialla ach treibheanna dúchais.&lt;ref&gt;[[Dáibhí Ó Cróinín|Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí]]. ''A New History of Ireland I: Prehistoric and Early Ireland''. Oxford University Press, 2005, lch. 202&lt;/ref&gt;  Bhí an chuid is mó acu [[tuath]]a na ''nUlad'' sular bhain siad a neamhspleáchas amach,&lt;ref&gt;Byrne (2001), lch. 73&lt;/ref&gt; amhail is, mar shampla, na h[[Airthir]], ina raibh ina a gcuid tailte Eamhain Mhacha suite.&lt;ref&gt;[[David Dumville|Dumville, David]]. ''Saint Patrick''. Boydell &amp; Brewer Ltd, 1999, lch. 151&lt;/ref&gt;

Ag druidim le deireadh na 5ú haoise, bhí fo-dhream na ''nUlad'' an [[Dál Riada]] (suite i n[[Glinnte Aontroma]]) ag lonnú san [[Albain]], agus ríocht thar chaolmhuir á chruthú acu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon17&quot;/&gt;  Faightear a chéad lonnaíocht i n[[Earra-Gháidheal]], 'sé sin, &quot;ceantar oirthir na nGael&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon17&quot;/&gt;

==Stair==
Tháinig na hUlaid sa ré stairiúil in Éirinn sa 6ú haois isteach leis na teorainn úd taobh thoir den Bhanna, cé go raibh críocha ag an Dáil Araí taobh thiar di, i g[[Contae Dhoire]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;

===6ú go 7ú haoiseanna===
Faoi lár na 6ú haoise, bhí an Dál Riada in Albain faoi olbhrú ag [[Bridei I]], rí na [[Cruithnigh|gCruithneach]], agus dá bharr, chuaigh siad ag lorg cabhrach ó Uí Néill an Tuaisceart.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon17&quot;/&gt;  Bhí [[Í Cholm Cille|Oileán Í]] bronnta chéanna féin ag rí Dhál Riada, ''[[Áedán mac Gabráin]]'', ar phrionsa agus naomh Chineál Conaill, [[Colm Cille]].  Dá réir sin sa bhliain 575 ag [[Droim Ceat]], rinne Colm comhaontas idir Uí Néill agus an Dál Riada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon17&quot;/&gt;  Faoi réir an chonartha, d'éirigh an Dál Riada as ríogacht na ''nUlad'', an ligint dóibh a n-aird a dhíriú ar a gcríocha Albanaigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon17&quot;/&gt;  Sa bhliain chéanna, ní roimh nó tais an tionóil, maraíodh rí an Dáil Riada i mbun chatha in éadan an Dáil Araidi ag ''[[Fid Eoin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;FraserMedievalPg317&quot;/&gt;

Sa bhliain 563, de réir [[Annála Uladh]], bhí achrainn intíre le toradh go ndearna ''[[Báetán mac Cinn]]'' na gCruithne cinneadh le hUí Néill an Tuaisceart, á ngeallúint chríocha taobh thiar den Bhanna, ''Ard Eólairg'' ([[Aird Mhic Giollagáin]]) agus an Laoi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;  Tharla dá bharr ''[[Cath Móin Dairi Lothair]]'' idir Uí Néill agus comhaontas ríthe eile alliance Chruithne, inar cloíodh na Cruithne go millteanach.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;  I ndiaidh sin, lonnaigh Uí Néill a gcomhghuaillithe Oiriall in [[Eilne]], iar-chríocha na gCruithne suite idir An Banna agus An Buais.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;  Tháinig na Cruithne clóite ar ais le chéile i ''nDál nAraidi''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;

Tháinig rí Dhál Araidi ''[[Congal Cáech]]'' i gcoróin mar rí na nUlad sa bhliain 626, agus dá bhliain 628 mharaigh sé i mbun chatha [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann]], ''[[Suibne Menn]]'' d'Uí Néill Tuaiscirt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon20-1&quot;/&gt;  Sa bhliain 629, bhí Congal i gceannas nuair a cloíodh iad ina éadan na naimhde céanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;  Agus fonn air bheith ina Ard-Rí, rinne Congal comhaontas leis an Dál Riada agus [[Srath Chluaidh]], ach tharla mar thoradh [[Cath Mhaigh Rath]] sa bhliain 637.  Maraíodh Congal was ag Ard-Rí ''[[Domnall mac Áedo|Domhnall mac Aodha]]'' d'Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt, agus chaill an Dál Riada a gcuid críoch in Albain.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon20-1&quot;/&gt;

Insítear i nAnnála Uladh record don bhliain 668 gur tharla ''Bellum Fertsi'' ([[Béal Feirste]]) idir na hUlaid agus na Cruithne, 'sé sin faoi seach an Dál Fiatach agus an Dál nAraide respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;

Idir an dá linn, bhí an Dál Araidhe ag cúr in éadan chúngú Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt.  Sa bhliain 681, maraíodh Dúngal Eilne, rí Dhál Araidhe, agus a chomhghuaillí Ceann Faoladh na [[Ciannachta|Ciannacht]] ag Dún Ceithirinn.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;

===8ú go 10ú haoiseanna===
Faoin 8ú haois, d'imigh críocha na nUlad i gcúl chuig oirthear na Banna (contaetha [[Contae Aontroma|Aontroma]], [[Contae an Dúin|an Dúin]] agus [[Contae Lú|Lú]] an lae inniu).&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf26&quot;/&gt;  Sa bhliain nó 732 nó 735, chloígh na ''hUlaid'' go dona in éadan Cineál Eoghain i gceannas [[Áed Allán|Aodha Alláin]] i g[[Cath Fochairde]] ar Mhagh ''Muirthemne'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiley19&quot;/&gt; inar baineadh a cheann den rí ''Ulad'', [[Áed Róin|Aodh Róin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MacNiocaill124&quot;/&gt;  Mar thoradh an chatha seo, tháinig  ''[[Conaille Muirthemne]]'' faoina bhflaitheas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiley19&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Byrne118&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Charles573&quot;/&gt;

Agus a gcuid críoch sinsearach caillte acu, bhíodh achrann idir na ''hUlaid''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf26&quot;/&gt; Sa 8ú haois, ghabh an ''Dál Araidi'' forlámhas ar ríocht an Dáil Riada.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI17&quot;/&gt;

Bhí an Dál Fiatach i gceannas san ''Ulaid'' go dtí Cath ''Leth Cam'' sa bhliain 827, nuair a rinne siad iarracht cheannaireacht Uí Néill sna hOirialla a bhriseadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;MIaE493&quot;/&gt;  Dá bharr seo agus b'fhéidir na Lochlannaigh lonnaithe i [[Loch Cuan]] (ar a laghad), faoi dheireadh na haoise bhí an Dál nAraidi i gceannas.  Níor mhair seo ach go dtí 972, nuair a chuir ''[[Eochaid mac Ardgail]]'' an Dál Fiatach ar a gcosa arís.&lt;ref name=&quot;MIaE493&quot;/&gt;

I rith na 9ú agus 10ú haoiseanna, bhunaigh na Lochlannaigh roinnt bunáiteanna i ''nUlaid'', go háirithe ag [[Áth na gCasán]], [[Loch Cairlinn]], [[Loch nEathach]], agus Loch Cuan,&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI38&quot;/&gt; agus port suntasach ag Ulfreksfjord, suite i Latharna, Contae Aontroma.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI38&quot;/&gt;  Scroiseadh gach ach Ulfreksfjord ag na hUlaid agus Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt le chéile.  Mar thoradh seo, ámh, cheol siad orthu féin na buntáistí eacnamaíochta a thagadh le lonnaíochtaí rathúla Lochlannach.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI38&quot;/&gt;

===11ú haois===
Sa bhliain 1000, chuir [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann]], [[Brian Bóramha]], an ruaig ar an rí [[Sigtrygg Silkbeard]] as [[Ríocht Átha Cliath]], agus dhiúltaigh na hUlaid tearmann dó.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson86-7&quot;/&gt;  Faoi dheireadh, cuireadh iachall ar Sigtrygg filleadh ar ais chuig Áth Cliath, agus ghéill sé do Bhrían.&lt;ref name=&quot;Corrain123&quot;/&gt;. Ní dhearna Sigtrygg dearmad ar eiteach na ''nUlad'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson86-7&quot;/&gt; agus sa bhliain 1001, rinne a chabhlach creach ar [[Inis Chumhscraigh]] agus [[Cill Chléithe]] i nDál Fiatach, ag gabháil go leor cimí.&lt;ref name=&quot;AOFM1001&quot;/&gt;  Bhí airm Sigtrygg an chomh maith i mbun fheachtas Bhríain in éadan na ''nUlad'' sna blianta 1002 agus 1005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson86-7&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson95&quot;/&gt;

Sa bhliain 1003 ag Craobh ''Telcha'', suíomh insealbhú na ''nUlad'', tharla Cath mór idir Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt agus na ''hUlaid''.&lt;ref name=&quot;MIaE493&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf26&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PlacenamesCraeb&quot;/&gt;  Maraíodh Eochaid mac Ardgail agus mórchuid d'uaisle na ''nUlad'', i dteannta le rí Uí Néill.&lt;ref name=&quot;MIaE493&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf26&quot;/&gt;  Mar thoradh, bhí cogadh comharbachta fuilteach idir prionsaí an Dáil Fhiatach, '' agus ag an am gcéanna an Dál nAraidi á gciapadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf138-9&quot;/&gt;

Sa bhliain 1005, chuaigh Brían Bóramha lena airm ó thuaidh chun  umhluithe na Uladba a ghlacadh.  Rinne sé campa ag [[Eamhain Mhacha]], agus é ar intinn aige b'fhéidir tairbhe a bhaint as tábhacht stairiúil na háite.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf138-9&quot;/&gt;  Chuaigh, Brían ansin chuig príomhchathair an Dáil Araí, Ráith Mór, áit a glac se umhluithe a rí agus rí Dhál Fhiatach.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf138-9&quot;/&gt;  De bharr seo is amhlaidh, rinne [[Flaithbertach Ua Néill|Flaithbheartach Ó Néill]], rí Chineál Eoghain, roinnt ruathar ar na hUlaid mar chúiteamh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf151-4&quot;/&gt;  Sa bhliain 1006, rinne arm i gceannas Fhlaithbheartaigh ionsaí ar [[Leath Cathail]] agus mharaigh a rí, agus ina dhiaidh sin, mharaigh siad rídhamhna [[Uí Eochach Cobha]] ag [[Loch Bricleann]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf151-4&quot;/&gt;

Mar thoradh [[Cath Chraobh Tealcha|Chath Chraobh Tealcha]], ní raibh na hUlaid in ann tacaíocht a thabhairt do Bhrian, nuair a tháinig sé sa bhliain 1006 i gceannas arm d'fir as fud na hÉireann, ag iarraidh tairbhe Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt a fháil.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf26&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf151-4&quot;/&gt;  Chuaigh Brían trí thailte Chineál Chonaill agus Cineál Eoghain, agus trasna na Banna ag ''Fersat Camsa'' ([[Maigh Choscáin]]) insna hUlaid isteach.  Ghlac sé ann tairbhe óna hUlaid ag [[Craobh Tealcha]], agus i ndiaidh sin, chuaigh sé ó dheas go dtí an suíomh tionóil traidisiúnta, [[Conaille Muirtheimne]] ag ''i n-oenach Conaille''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf151-4&quot;/&gt;

Rinne Flaithbheartach Ó Néill ruathar eile ar na hUlaid sa bhliain 1007, in aghaidh Chonaille Muirtheimhne.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf151-4&quot;/&gt;  Sa bhliain 1011, tar éis dó Dún Eachdach a scriosadh, ghlac sé tairbhe Dhál Fhiatach, ríthe na nUlad ag an am sin, á scaradh dá bharr as flaitheas Bhrian.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf168-9&quot;/&gt;  An bhliain dár gcionn, rinne Flaithbheartach ruathar ar [[an Aird]] agus ghabh sé creach gan áireamh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf168-9&quot;/&gt;

Sa bhliain 1018 ag [[Ulfreksfjord]], chloígh arm Éireannach i gceannas rí darbh ainm Conchobar i dteannta lena gcomhghuaillithe Lochlannaigh i gceannas Eyvind Urarhorn, mórfheachtas major na nGall tosaithe ag [[Iarla Inse Orc]], [[Einar Sigurdsson]], a bhí ag iarraidh flaitheas [[Sigurd Trom|a athar]] ar na bealaí mara idir Éirinn agus Albain a athdhearbhú.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen271&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Snorri330&quot;/&gt;

Sa bhliain 1022, chloígh [[Niall mac Eochach]], rí Ulad, cabhlach [[Sigtrygg]] ag Áth Cliath, agus gabhadh a fhoireann i ngéibheann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen231&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson108-9&quot;/&gt;  I ndiaidh an bhua seo, sa bhliain 1026, rinneadh Niall ruathar ar Fhine Gall, lonnaíocht Lochlannach raibh ó thuaidh d'Áth Cliath.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen231&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson108-9&quot;/&gt;

Sa bliain 1038 agus arís 1045, chreach nia Sigtrygg, [[Íomhar mac Arailt]], [[Reachlainn]] amach ó chósta thuaidh na nUlad.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson136&quot;/&gt;  Mharaigh Ímar san ionsaí úd Raghnall Ó Eochadha rídhamhna na nUlad agus deartháir Néill mhic Eochadha, agus maraíodh fostai 300 i uasal Ulad.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson136&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tigernach1045&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AOFM1045&quot;/&gt;  Mar dhíoltas, rinne Niall ruathar eile ar Fhine Gall.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson136&quot;/&gt;  Sa bhliain 1087, thug Mac rí Ulad agus beirt gharmhac Raghnaill, amas faoi [[Oileán Mhanann]], ach theip orthu [[Godred Crovan]], rí Átha Cliath agus n dhíbirt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen233&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Oram32&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AoU1087&quot;/&gt;

Ag críoch na 11ú haoise, bhí athbheochan deiridh ag na hUlaid faoi [[Donn Sléibhe mac Eochadha]], sinsear ríthe Mhic Dhoinn Shléibhe na nUlad den 12ú haois.  Ní raibh ríthe Dhál Fhiatach ach ríthe a muintir féin tar éis na bliana 1137.&lt;ref name=&quot;Byrne128&quot;/&gt;  D'éirigh ríthe Mhic Dhoinn Shléibe neamhspleáchas na nUlad a chaomhnú roimh thaoisigh [[Mhic Lochlainn]] Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt,&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI17&quot;/&gt; agus bhí siad i mbun dlúthnaisc a fhorbairt le [[Ríocht na nOileán]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MIaE493&quot;/&gt;

===12ú haois===
Timpeall thús na 12ú haoise, ba í clann Uí Fhlainn i gceannas ar mhuintir [[Uí Thoirtre]] as [[Oirialla]], maraon le ceannairí ar na [[Oirialla#Dreamanna|Fir Lí]], an dís ar an taobh thiar den [[An Bhanna|Bhanna]].  De réir a chéile, de bharr conartha míleata agus pósta, maraon le cúngú an Chineáil Eoghain, bhog siad a gceanncheathrú soir thar an mBanna.  Chaill an mhuintir dhúiche, an Dál nAraidi faoi cheannas Uí Loingsigh, a smacht ar formhór dá gcuid críoch agus tharla é go raibh siad teoranta i réimse talún suite i ndeisceart Aontroma, agus a bhunáit ag [[Maigh Line]].  Nuair a bhí Uí Fhlainn i gceannas, ghlaoigh suas rí Dhál Araí, Dhál Riada agus Fhir Lí, i dteannta le hUí Thoirtre féin.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI17&quot;/&gt;

Faoin mbliain 1130, bhí an chuid is faide ó dheas san Ulaid, [[Conaille Muirtheimne]], faoi smacht [[Donnchad Ua Cerbaill|Dhonnchadha Uí Chearbhaill]], rí Oiriall.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI16&quot;/&gt;  Lonnaíodh ina dhiaidh sin an chuid de Muirtheimhne darb ainm [[Cuaille]] ag [[Uí Méith]] as Oirialla (a bhfuil [[Ó Méith]] ainmnithe as).&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI16&quot;/&gt;

Is ón bhliain [[1157]] í an chairt talún is luaite atá ar marthain, nuair a bhronn Ard-Rí [[Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn]] ar na Cistercians san [[An tIúr|Iúr]], áit a bhí suite i gcríocha Uí Eachach .&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI12&quot;/&gt;  Rinneadh an deontas le comhthoil rí Ulad, [[Cú Uladh Mac Doinn Sléibhe]], agus rí Uí Eachach, [[Domnall Ua hÁeda|Domhnall Ó hAodha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI12&quot;/&gt;

I mí Aibreáin [[1165]],&lt;ref&gt;AU 1165&lt;/ref&gt;, rinne na hUlaid faoi cheannas Eochaidh Mac Doinn Sléibhe ionsaí in éadan Muircheartaigh mhic Lochlainn, ag déanamh ruathair ar Uí Méith, Uí Breasail (i mbarúntacht [[Uí Nialláin Thoir]], Contae Ard Mhacha an lae inniu) an Dál Riada.&lt;ref name=&quot;AoU1165&quot;/&gt;  Mar chúiteamh, rinne Mac Lochlainn i gceannas airm Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt agus Oiriall ruathar ar an Ulaid.  Ba líon mór daoine a mharaigh sé, agus chuir sé  Eochaidh as a choróin.&lt;ref name=&quot;AoU1165&quot;/&gt;  Faoi Mheán Fómhair, rinne Eochaidh iarracht a ríogacht a fháil ar ais, agus chuir a mhuintir féin an Rúisis air, toisc go raibh imní orthu roimh Mac Lochlainn; choinnigh Ó Cearbhaill Eochaidh ar a thoil.&lt;ref name=&quot;AoU1165&quot;/&gt;  Faoin mí dár gcionn, rinne Mac Lochlainn ionsaí eile in éadan na nUlad.  Ghlac sé mórán giall i dteannta líon mór maoine.&lt;ref name=&quot;AoU1165&quot;/&gt;  Níos déanaí sa mhí úd, rinne Ó Cearbhaill agus Eochaidh cruinniú le Mac Lochlainn inar iarr Eochaidh ríogacht na nUlad mar chúiteamh ar gach giall na nUlad, san áireamh mac gach taoisigh agus a iníon féin fiú.&lt;ref name=&quot;AoU1165&quot;/&gt;  Gheall Eochaidh do Mhac Lochlainn fosta an-chuid maoine, tailte i m[[Bairrche]] agus an [[baile fearainn]], [[Sabhall]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI12&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AoU1165&quot;/&gt;  Thug Mac Lochlainn dá réir sin a mhionn os comhair Easpag Ard Mhacha agus uaisle eile  '' for his good behaviour''.  Bhronn Mac Lochlainn Bairrche ar Ó Cearbhaill mar bhuíochas as a eadráin, cé chomh neamhbhuan is a bhí.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI16&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AoU1165&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magoo&quot;/&gt;  In ainneoin a mhionna, rinne Muircheartach Eochaidh a dhallú.  Thréig a chomhghleacaithe Eochaidh i ndiaidh sin, agus níor fhan leis ach dornán lucht leanúna.  I dteannta le seisear dlúth-sheisí déag dá chuid, maraíodh é sa bhliain [[1166]].

Le linn na haoise dár gcionn, lonnaigh na Múrna as Oirialla i gceantar Bhairrche (ainmníodh an áit, [[Múrna]], astu anois&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI16&quot;/&gt;).

Sa bhliain 1170, chuir Magnus deartháir Eochach, a bhí ina rí Ulad, an ruaig ar na bráithre Agaistínigh as [[Sabhall]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI12&quot;/&gt;

===Ulaid agus Normannaigh===
In ainneoin an achrainn i measc na nUlad, mhair siad go dtí teacht [[na Normannaigh]].  Sa bhliain 1177, d'ionsaigh [[John de Courcy]] gan choinne na hUlaid.  Ghabh sé bunáit an Dáil Fiatach, [[Dún De Lethglaise|Dún de Leathghlaise]], agus b'éigean do rí na nUlad, [[Ruairí mac Doinn Sléibhe]], teitheadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon35&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Adamson116&quot;/&gt;  Seachtain ina dhiaidh sin, d'fhill Ruairí le slua mór as fud na nUlad, ach cloíodh iad in ainneoin níos mó gaiscíoch.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon33&quot;&gt;Bardon, ll. 33–5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI115&quot;/&gt;  Rinne Ruairí iarracht eile le harm níos mó fós, agus [[Cineál Eoghain]], [[Máel Sechnaill Mac Lochlainn|Maol Seachnaill mac Lochlainn]] agus príomheaspaig an cúige ann mar chomhghuaillithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon33&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI115&quot;/&gt;  Bhuaigh na Normannaigh arís ámh, agus ghabh siad an chléir agus cuid mhór dá taisí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon33&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI115&quot;/&gt;

Sa bhliain 1178, agus John de Courcy dulta ar gcúl go Gleann Riabh i ''Machaire Conaille'' (mar atá, Conaille Muirtheimne), rinne Mac Doinn Sléibhe, i dteannta le Murchadh Ó Cearbhaill, rí Oiriall, ruathar ar na Normannaigh, agus mharaigh siad timpeall 450, le 100 bás ar a dtaobh féin.&lt;ref name=&quot;AOTFM1178&quot;/&gt;

Bhíodh is go raibh chomhaontais eatarthu, bhíodh achrann eatarthu agus a gcomharsana Éireannach.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adamson116&quot;/&gt;  Bhain De Courcy a leas as an neamhsheasmhacht seo.  I gcaitheamh na mblianta agus in ainneoin roinnt céimeanna ar gcúl, chur sé na hUlaid go léir faoi chois.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon35&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Adamson116&quot;/&gt;

Faoin mbliain 1181, bhí Ruairí,  Cú Mí Ó Flainn, rí Uí Thoirtre agus Fir Lí meallta ag de Courcy, agus do ríthe dílse ba ea iad faoi de Courcy.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI116&quot;/&gt;  Ruairí, possibly inspired by an deis chun críocha ársa na nUlad a fháil ar ais, d'fhéadfadh é gur áitigh Ruairí de Courcy dul siar, agus rinneadh ruathair ar Ard Mhacha Armagh sa bhliain 1189, agus ar Dhoire agus Inis Eoghain sa bhliain 1197.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI116&quot;/&gt;

Glaoigh De Courcy ''princeps Ultoniae'' ar féin, agus rialaigh sé a chuid críoch mar rí neamhspleách.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adamson116&quot;/&gt;  Choinnigh ámh Uí Eachach Cobha, i lár agus taobh thiar den Dúin, a gcuid neamhspleáchais.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon35&quot;/&gt;

Sa bhliain 1199, chur rí [[Eoin Shasana]] [[Hugo de Lacy, 1ú Iarla Uladh|Hugo de Lacy]] go hÉirinn chun de Courcy a ghabháil agus a chuid gabháltais leis.  Sa bhliain 1205, rinneadh de Lacy chéad Iarla Uladh le bunú [[Iarlas Uladh]]. '' Síneadh an tIarlas feadh chósta thuaidh na nUladh go dtí bunáit an Chineáil Eoghain ar [[Inis Eoghain]].

Go dtí deireadh na 13ú haoise, choinnigh an Dál Fiatach, i gceannas fós Mhic Dhoinn Sléibhe, beagán dá gcuid cumhachta, faoin teideal ''rex Hibernicorum Ulidiae''.&lt;ref name=&quot;DownArdsxix&quot;/&gt;  Tar éis mheath an Dáil Fiatach, gabh Uí Néill den Chineál Eoghain an teideal ársa ''rí Ulad'' chucu féin.&lt;ref name=&quot;DownArdsxix&quot;/&gt;

==Críostaíocht==
Ba é i nUlaid a gabhadh i ngéibheann [[Naomh Pádraig|Pádraig]], naomhphátrún na hÉireann níos déanaí anonn.&lt;ref name=&quot;OHart&quot;/&gt;  Is ann a thug sé a chéad iompaithigh chun na [[Críostaíocht]]a, agus an Dál Fiatach an chéad rítheaghlach a d'iompaigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;OHart&quot;/&gt;  Fuair Pádraig bás i [[Sabhall Phádraig]], agus adhlacadh é ag ''[[Dún De Leathglaise]]'', áit a athainmníodh sa 13ú haois go [[Dún Pádraig]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SPC&quot;/&gt;

[[File:Gravestone of St. Patrick, Downpatrick 2018-07-25.jpg|mion|220px|Uaigh Naomh Pádraig ag [[Dún Pádraig]]]]

Nuair a cruthaíodh deoisí na hÉireann sa 12ú haois, bunaíodh iad ar phríomhchríocha na ''nUlad'' mar a leanas:
* Deoise an Dúin: bunaithe ar chríocha an Dáil Fiatach, agus an ardeaglais ag [[Beannchar, Contae an Dúin|Beannchar]], cé gur bhog John de Courcy níos déanaí go Dún Pádraig é.
* Deoise Conaire: bunaithe ar chríocha an Dáil Araí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Keenan139-40&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Keenan347-9&quot;/&gt;
* [[Deoise an Droma Mhóir]]: timpeall na bliana 1197, scaradh Deoise an Dúin in dhá leath, agus cruthaithe an deoise seo bunaithe ar chríocha [[Uí Echach Cobo|Uíbh Eachach Cobha]], agus an ardeaglais sa Droim Mór.&lt;ref name=&quot;Keenan139-40&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Keenan347-9&quot;/&gt;
* [[Deoise an Dúin agus Chonaire]]: sa bhliain 1439, aontaíodh deoisí an Dúin agus Conaire in aon deoise amháin.

[[File:DioceseDownandConnor.png|mion|200px|[[Deoise an Dúin agus Chonaire]], aibhsithe le donn, tar éis di bheith aontaithe sa bhliain 1439.  Ó dheas tá [[Deoise an Droma Mhóir]].]]

Is iad a leanas príomh-mhainistreacha na ''nUlad'':
* ''Mag Bile'', [[Maigh Bhile]], Contae an Dúin.&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesMovilla&quot;/&gt;  Príomheaglais an Dáil Fiatach ba ea é, go deimhin, bunaithe ag Naomh [[Finnian Maigh Bhile]] den dál úd.&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesMovilla&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Carey97&quot;/&gt;
* ''Bennchar'', [[Beannchar, Contae an Dúin|Beannchar]], Contae an Dúin.&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesBangor&quot;/&gt;  Tógadh c. 555 - 559 ag [[Naomh Comgall]] den Dál nAraí i gcríocha i seilbh an Dáil Fiatach, ar cheann desna príomh-mhainistreacha in Éirinn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carey97&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesBangor&quot;/&gt;
* ''Condaire'', Conaire, Contae Aontroma.&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesConnor&quot;/&gt;  Príomheaglais an Dál Araí a bhí ann, suite i dtuath [[Dál Sailni|Dhál Sailne]], bunaithe ag [[Naomh Mac Nisse]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesConnor&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Edwards63&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Charles-Edwards59-60&quot;/&gt;  Bheadh sé in am trátha ardeaglais dheoise Chonnaire.
* ''Airther Maigi'', Oirthear Maí, Contae Aontroma.&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesArmoy&quot;/&gt;  Príomheaglais an Dáil Riada bunaithe ag by [[Naomh Olcan]].  Tar éis leathadh an Dáil Araí sa 7ú haois, chaill sé a stádas easpagach agus tháinig Eaglais Conaire chun cinn ina háit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Charles-Edwards59-60&quot;/&gt;
* Droim Mór, Contae an Dúin.&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesDromore&quot;/&gt;  Príomheaglais Uíbh Eachach Cobha an bhí inti, bunaithe c. 510 ag [[Colmán an Droma Mhóir|Naomh Colmán]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dromore_Cathedral&quot;&gt;{{cite web |
url = http://www.downanddromore.org/pages/diocesan-info/dromore-cathedral#.V6npsjX6k-1 |
teideal = About Us |
publisher = Diocese of Down and Dromore |
access-date = 9ú Lúnasa 2016 |
dátarochtana = 2020-02-17 |
archivedate = 2016-04-16 |
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160416050753/http://downanddromore.org/pages/diocesan-info/dromore-cathedral#.V6npsjX6k-1 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  In an trátha, bheadh sí ina hard-eaglais dheoise an Droma Mhóir

==Déantáin==
Cé nach bhfuarthas ach pas beag déantán [[La Tène]] in Éirinn,&lt;ref&gt;[[Francis John Byrne|Byrne, Francis John]], ''Irish Kings and High-Kings.'' [[Four Courts Press]]. 2a heagrán athbhreithnithe, 2001.&lt;/ref&gt; fuarthas an chuid is mó dóibh siúd &amp;mdash; gaiscí agus píosaí úma &amp;mdash; i dtuaisceart na tíre.  Tugann seo le fios gur 'tháinig buíonta beaga lonnaitheoirí' ón Bhreatain sa 3ú haois RC, agus is dócha gur tógadh iad i ndaonra na nUlad isteach.&lt;ref&gt;[[Connolly, S. J.]], ''The Oxford companion to Irish history.'' [[Oxford University Press]]. 2a heagrán, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ginealach==
Tá éideimhne ann maidir le ginealach dhreamanna ard-ríocht na ''nUlad''.  Rianaigh ginealeolaithe Gaelacha na meánaoise sinsearacht na ''nUlad'' féin ón [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann|Ardrí seanscéalach]], ''[[Rudraige mac Sithrigi]]''.&lt;ref&gt;O'Rahilly 1946, lch. 480&lt;/ref&gt;  Is é Cruithne, os a choinne sin, an focal Sean-Ghaeilge ar [[Cruithnigh]]

Ó aimsir [[Eoin Mac Néill|Eoin Mhic Néill]] ar aghaidh, meastar gur muintir na nÉarann iad na ''hUlaid'',&lt;ref&gt;[[Eoin Mac Néill]], [https://archive.org/details/papersirishacad00macnuoft &quot;Early Irish Population Groups: their nomenclature, classification and chronology&quot;], in ''Proceedings [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]] (C) 29''. (1911): ll. 59–114&lt;/ref&gt; nó ar a laghad a rítheaghlaigh, murab ea na tuatha.&lt;ref&gt;[[Eoin Mac Néill]], ''[https://archive.org/details/phasesofirishhis00macn Phases of Irish History]''. Baile Átha Cliath: M. H. Gill &amp; Son. 1920.&lt;/ref&gt;  Chreid [[T. F. O'Rahilly]] gur fhíorghéag na nÉarann ba ea na hUlaid.&lt;ref&gt;[[T. F. O'Rahilly]], ''Early Irish History and Mythology'', 1946, lch. 81&lt;/ref&gt;  Moladh gur ghaolmhar leis na [[Dáirine]] iad na ''nUlad'', ainm a thugtaí ar títheaglaigh na nÉarann.  Is dócha é gur gaolmhar nó síolraithe iad óna [[Darini]] luaite ag Tolamaes.&lt;ref&gt;Pléite go mion ag O'Rahilly, 1946.&lt;/ref&gt;

I measc iad a mhaígh gur de shliocht na ''nUlad'' iad, faightear treibheanna meánaoiseacha a deirter gur [[Cruithne]] nó [[Éarainn]] iad, mar a leanas:&lt;ref name=&quot;Cultures&quot;/&gt; for example:
* Deirtear gur ''Ulaid'' iad an [[Dál Riada]], an [[Dál Fiatach]].agus [[Uí Echach Arda]], cé gur mhaígh an Dál Riada agus an Dál Fiatach gur de shliocht na nÉarann iad.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cultures&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ThorntonPage201&quot;/&gt;  I ndáiríre, ghlaoití ''Ulaid'' ar an Dál Fiatach go dtí concas na Normannach.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;
* Deirtear gur Cruithne iad [[Conaille Muirtheimne]], an [[Dál nAraidi]] agus [[Uí Echach Cobo]].  Sa saother den 8ú haois, ''[[Síl Ír]]'' — leabhar ghinealach Ír mhiotasaigh — maítear gur ''fír Ulaid'', &quot;fíor-Ulaidh&quot;, iad siúd.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kelleher141&quot;/&gt;  Mhaíodh an Dál nAraidi amhlaidh sa 10ú haois, tamall fada i ndiaidh mheath a gcumhachta.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cultures&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ThorntonPage201&quot;/&gt;

Glaoitear freisin ''[[Clanna Rudraige]]'' ar na ''hUlaid'', leagan déanach don dream.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cultures&quot;/&gt;

==Rítheaghlaigh==
De réir an seanchais, ba iad na ''hUlaid'' féin agus na [[Cruithne]] a bhí ina rítheaghlaigh na ''nUlad''.  Bhí na Cruithne ar dtús níos mó agus níos cumhachtaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;  I luathfhoinsí, is ionann 'Ulaid' agus an Dál Fiatach, agus 'Cruithne' agus an Dál nAraidi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;/&gt;

==Ríochtaí agus clanna==
Faoin 12ú haois, bhí cúige Ulaidh roinnithe ina ceithre fho-ríocht:
* [[Dál Fiatach]], dream ''Ulad'', lonnaithe ag Dún Leathglaise ([[Dún Pádraig]], Contae an Dúin an lae innit).  Bhí siad i gceannas ar ard-ríogacht an ''nUlad'', agus bhí leasa acu i n[[Oileán Mhanann]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf26&quot;/&gt;  Ba iad [[Mhic Dhúinnshléibhe]] an phríomhchlann.
* ''[[Dál nAraidi]]'', dream [[Cruithne]], bhí forlámhas ag ''[[Dál nAraidi Mag Line]]'' ann, lonnaithe ag Ráth Mór (gar do  [[Aontroim (baile)|bhaile Aontroma]] an lae inniu).  Bhíodh siad in iomaíocht leis an Dál Fiatach la haghaidh na hardríogachta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf26&quot;/&gt;  Ba iad Uí ''Choelbad'' an phríomhchlann.
* [[Uí Echach Cobo|Uí Eachach Cobha]], clann Cruithne, gaolmhar leis an Dál nAraidi, a bhí fosta in iomaíocht le haghaidh na hardríogachta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iveagh&quot;/&gt;  Lonnaithe i gContae an Dúin an lae inniu a bhí siad, ag Cnoc Uíbh Eachach, b'fhéidir.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drumballyroney&quot;/&gt;  Ba iad [[Mhic Aonghasa]] an phríomhchlann
* [[Uí Thoirtre]], as [[Oirialla]] ó dhúchas, chloígh siad an chuid is mó de chríocha an Dáil Araidi.  Ba iad [[Uí Fhloinn]] an phríomhchlann.

I leagan den 10ú haois den [[Leabhar na gCeart]], tugtar an liosta a leanas de dhá thuath déag a d'íocadh cáin do rí na ''Ulad'':&lt;ref name=&quot;Dobbs78&quot;/&gt;
* [[Dál nAraidi Mag Line]]
* Cobha, faoi cheannas [[Uí Echach Cobo|Uíbh Eachach Cobha]]
* [[Dál Riada]], bunaithe i n[[Gleannta Aontroma]]
* Airrther, ceantar in oirthear [[Contae Ard Mhacha|Chontae Ard Mhacha]]
* [[Uí Erca Céin]], géag den Dál nAraidi
* [[Leath Cathail]], géag den Dál Fiatach, suite i mbarúntacht Leath Cathail, Contae an Dúin.&lt;ref name=&quot;IHiMUlaid&quot;/&gt; 
* [[Conaille Muirtheimne]], garmhuintir Uíbh Echach Cobha, suite in agus timpeall bharútacht [[Dún Dealgan]], [[Contae Lú]] an lae inniu.&lt;ref name=&quot;IHiMUlaid&quot;/&gt; 
* ''[[Dál mBuinne]]'', aitheanta fosta mar Mhuintir Branáin, géag den Dál nAraidi, located along the border area between County Antrim and Down&lt;ref name=&quot;IHiMUlaid&quot;/&gt; 
* [[Uí Blathmaic]], géag den Dál Fiatach, lonnaithe i n-iardheisceart bharúntacht [[An Aird]] agus cuid [[An Caisleán Riabhach|Chaisleán Riabhach]]&lt;ref name=&quot;IHiMUlaid&quot;/&gt; 
* Na hArda, faoi cheannas [[Uí Echach Arda|Uíbh Eachach Arda]], géag den Dál Fiatach, lonnaithe i dtuaisceart na hArda.&lt;ref name=&quot;DownArdsPg3&quot;/&gt; 
* Bairrche, géag den Dál Fiatach, lonnaithe i mbarúntacht [[Múrna|Mhúrna]], deisceart Chontae an Dúin
* [[An Duifrian]], taobh thiar de [[Loch Cuan]], Contae an Dúin.

Críocha agus rítheaghlaigh eile laistigh d'Ulaid:
* ''Cuailgne'', suite i gceantar [[Loch Cairlinn]] agus Dún Dealgan, Contae Lú.  Feictear an t-ainm fós i bparóiste [[Cuaille]],&lt;ref name=&quot;IHiMUlaid&quot;/&gt; maraon le [[Leithinis Chuaille]].  Is as Cuailgne an tarbh san eipic ''[[Táin Bó Cúailnge]]''.
* ''Dál Sailni'', tuath den ''Dál nAraidi Mag Line''.  Agus ''Uí Choelbad'' ina bpríomhríthe, bhí príomheaglais Chonaire i seilbh an ''Dáil Sailni''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Edwards63&quot;/&gt;  I ndiaidh ré na Lochlannach, chloígh Uí Thoirtre críocha an Dáil agus an eaglais ag Conaire.&lt;ref name=&quot;Edwards63&quot;/&gt;
* [[Cineál Fhaghartaigh]], géag Uíbh Eachach Cobha, a bhíodh acu tráth tailte i mbarúntachtaí a leanas: [[Cineál Fhártaigh]], [[An Duifrian]] agus cuid den [[An Caisleán Riabhach|Chaisleán Riabhach]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IHiMUlaid&quot;/&gt;
* ''Monaig, ach níltear cinnte go cruinn cad as dóibh.  Déanann na hanála agus staraithe tagairt ar roinnt acu:
** Monaigh Uladh, timpeall Dhún Phádraig
** Monaich Ulad as Rusat
** Monaigh Aird, i gContae an Dúin
** Cineál Maelche/Mailche in [[Contae Aontroma|Aontroim]]
** Magh Monaigh
** Monach-an-Dúin in Cath Monaigh, b'fhéidir Uíbh Eachach, Contae an Dúin. 
** Gaolmhar leis na [[Menapii]] (féach fosta [[Manapii]]), treibh na m[[Belgae]] as tuaisceart na [[An Ghaill|Gaille]] ba ea na Manaigh/Monaigh ársa, a lonnaigh gar do Loch Éirne.&lt;ref name=&quot;IHiMUlaid&quot;/&gt;

==Ríshleachta síolraithe==
Deirtear gur de shliocht rí Dhál Riada den 6ú haois, [[Gabrán mac Domangairt]], é chéad rí na hAlban, [[Coinneach mac Ailpín]], bunaitheoir [[Teach Ailpín]]. 
Ina dteannta sin, maítear gur de shliocht na ''nUlad'' iad na tithe Albanaigh a leanas: [[Mac Eòghainn]], [[Clanc Lachlainn]], [[Clan Mac Néill]] agus [[Clann Suibhne]].&lt;ref&gt;John O'Hart, ''Irish Pedigrees; or, The Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation'', 5ú heagrán, dhá imleabhar, foilsithe i mBaile Átha Cliath, 1892; athchló, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1976, Iml. 1, lch. 604&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;O'Hart, 1976, ll. 558–559&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Iain Moncreiffe, ''The Highland Clans'' (1982) Nua-Eabhrac: Clarkson N. Potter {{ISBN|0-517-54659-0}},  ll. 117–119,&lt;/ref&gt;  Maítear fosta go bhfuil [[Teach Stuart]] síolraithe ó na hUlaid.&lt;ref&gt;G.H. Hack ''Genealogical History of the Donlevy Family'' Columbus, Ohio: Chaucer Press, Evans Printing Co. (1901), lch. 38 (Wisconsin Historical Society Copy) &quot;''From the chiefs of the Dalriadians were descended the ancient Scottish kings and also the House of Stuart.''&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Féach freisin==
* [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]]
* [[Rúraíocht]]
* [[Cruithne]]
* [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
* ''[[List of clans and septs in Ulaid]]

==Naisc sheachtracha==
*[http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/ulskings.htm Genealogy of the kings of the Ulaid] le Dennis Walsh

==Foinsí==
&lt;!-- A /--&gt;
* {{
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title = Dalaradia, Kingdom of the Cruithin | url = https://archive.org/details/dalaradiakingdom0000adam |
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* {{
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first = Jonathan |
year = 2005 |
publisher = The Black Staff Press |
isbn = 0-85640-764-X |
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}}
* {{
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title = The Book of Ulster Surnames | url = https://archive.org/details/bookofulstersurn0000bell |
last = Bell |
first = Robert |
year = 2003 |
publisher = The Blackstaff Press |
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}}
* {{
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title = Irish Kings and High Kings |
url = https://archive.org/details/irishkingshighki00byrn_0 |
url-access = registration |
publisher = Four Courts Press |
year = 2001 |
last = Byrne |
first = Francis J.
}}
&lt;!-- C /--&gt;
* {{cite journal |
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first = John |
journal = [[Ériu (iriseán)|Ériu]] |
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pages = 93–111
}}
* {{
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title = Early Christian Ireland |
publisher = Cambridge University Press |
isbn = 0-521-36395-0 |
year = 2000 |
last = Charles-Edwards |
first = T.M.
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* {{
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title = A New History of Ireland, II Medieval Ireland 1169–1534 |
year = 2008 |
editor = Cosgrove, Art |
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isbn = 978-0-19-953970-3
}}
* {{
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title = Oxford Companion to Irish History | url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_j7r4 |
editor = Connolly, S.J. |
year = 2007 |
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isbn = 978-0-19-923483-7
}}
* {{
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year = 1864 |
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ref = harv
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&lt;!-- D /--&gt;
* {{cite journal |
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pages = 66–79
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* {{
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title = Medieval Ireland an Encyclopedia | url = https://archive.org/details/medievalirelande0000unse |
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first = Seán |
year = 2005 |
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}}
* {{
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title = Brian Boru and the Battle of Clontarf |
last = Duffy |
first = Seán |
year = 2014 |
publisher = Gill &amp; Macmillan |
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}}
&lt;!-- F /--&gt;
* {{
cite book |
title = From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795 | url = https://archive.org/details/fromcaledoniatop0000fras |
last = Fraser |
first = James |
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year = 2009 |
isbn = 978-0-7486-2820-9
}}
* {{
cite book |
title = St Columba and the convention at Druimm Cete: peace and politics at seventh-century Iona |
last = Fraser |
first = James |
publisher = Edinburgh University Press |
year = 2007
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&lt;!-- H /--&gt;
* {{
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teideal = Genealogical History of the Donlevy Family |
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year = 1901
}}
* {{cite journal |
title = The Tricha Cét and Related Land-Measures |
last = Hogan |
first = James |
journal = Imeachtaí [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], Section C |
volume = 38 |
year = 1928–1929 |
pages = 148–235
}}
* {{
cite book |
first = Benjamin T |
last = Hudson |
author-link = Benjamin Hudson |
title = Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic |
edition = Illustrated |
year = 2005 |
publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |
location = United States |
url = https://books.google.com/?id=fH0mL0m95fsC&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false |
isbn = 978-0-19-516237-0
}}
* {{
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last = Hurbert |
first = Henri |
teideal = The Greatness and Decline of the Celts
}}
&lt;!-- K /--&gt;
* {{
cite journal |
title = The Pre-Norman Irish Genealogies |
last = Kelleher |
first = John V. |
journal = Irish Historical Studies |
volume = 16 |
issue = 62 |
year = 1968 |
pages = 138–153
}}
* {{
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title = Ireland 1170–1509, Society and History |
first = Desmond |
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year = 2010 |
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}}
&lt;!-- M /--&gt;
* {{cite journal |
title = Early Irish Population-Groups: Their Nomenclature, Classification, and Chronology |
last = Mac Néill |
first = Eoin |
journal = Imeachtaí [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], cuid C |
volume = 29 |
year = 1911–1912 |
pages = 59–114
}}
* {{cite journal |
title = The Irish Law of Dynastic Succession: Part II |
last = Mac Néill |
first = Eoin |
journal = Studies: an Irish Quarterly Review |
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issue = 32 |
year = 1919 |
pages = 640–653
}}
* {{
cite book |
title = Ireland before the Vikings | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_071710558 |
last = Mac Niocaill |
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}}
* {{
cite book |
title = Origin and History of the Magennis Family | url = https://archive.org/details/originandhistor00megigoog |
last = Meginnes |
first = John Francis |
year = 1891 |
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ref = harv
}}
&lt;!-- O /--&gt;
* {{cite journal |
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series = 3ú |
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pages = 170–177
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* {{
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first = Donnchadh |
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authorlink = Donnchadh Ó Corráin |
title = Ireland Before the Normans |
year = 1972 |
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location = Éire |
isbn = 
}}
* {{
cite book |
first = John |
last = O'Hart |
title = Irish Pedigrees; or, The Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation |
edition = 5th |
publisher = Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company |
year = 1976 |
chapter = Heremon Genealogies - Dunlevy, Princes of Ulidia
}}
* {{
cite book |
last = Oram |
first = Richard D. |
title = Domination and Lordship: Scotland, 1070–1230 | url = https://archive.org/details/dominationlordsh0000oram |
publisher = Edinburgh University Press |
year = 2011 |
isbn = 978-0-7486-1497-4
}}
&lt;!-- P /--&gt;
* {{
cite book |
title = Viking Empires |
last = Pedersen |
first = Frederik |
year = 2005 |
publisher = Cambridge University Press |
isbn = 978-0-521-82992-2
}}
&lt;!-- S /--&gt;
* {{
cite book |
title = The Origin of the Three Collas and the Fall of Emain |
last = Schlegel |
first = Donald M. |
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* {{
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teideal = From Gaelic to Romantic: Ossianic Translations
}}
* {{
cite book |
work = Place-Names of Northern Ireland |
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* {{
cite book |
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&lt;!-- T /--&gt;
* {{
cite book |
last = Thornton |
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&lt;!-- W /--&gt;
* {{
cite journal |
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}}

==Tagairtí== 
{{reflist |
20em |
refs = 
&lt;!-- Book citations /--&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Adamson116&quot;&gt;Adamson (1998), ll. 116–7&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI12&quot;&gt;Cosgrove (2008), lch. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI16&quot;&gt;Cosgrove (2008), lch. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI17&quot;&gt;Cosgrove (2008), lch. 17.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI38&quot;&gt;Cosgrove (2008), lch. 38.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI115&quot;&gt;Cosgrove (2008), lch. 115.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHoI116&quot;&gt;Cosgrove (2008), lch. 116.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ANHOI212&quot;&gt;Cosgrove (2008), ll. 212–5.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hack38&quot;&gt;Hack (1901), lch. 38.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson86-7&quot;&gt;Hudson, ll. 86–7.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson95&quot;&gt;Hudson, lch. 95.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson108-9&quot;&gt;Hudson, ll. 108–9.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hudson136&quot;&gt;Hudson, lch. 136.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon17&quot;&gt;Bardon (2005), lch. 17.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon20-1&quot;&gt;Bardon (2005), ll. 20–1.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon27&quot;&gt;Bardon (2005), lch. 27.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardon35&quot;&gt;Bardon (2005), ll. 33–37&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Connolly589&quot;&gt;Connolly (2007), lch. 589.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Corrain123&quot;&gt;Ó Corráin (1972), p 123.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen231&quot;&gt;Pedersen, lch. 231.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen233&quot;&gt;Pedersen, lch. 233.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen271&quot;&gt;Pedersen, lch. 271.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MIaE493&quot;&gt;Duffy (2005), lch. 493.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf26&quot;&gt;Duffy (2014), ll. 26–27&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf7-8&quot;&gt;Duffy (2014), ll. 7–8&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf138-9&quot;&gt;Duffy (2014), ll. 138–9&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf151-4&quot;&gt;Duffy (2014), ll. 151–4&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf168-9&quot;&gt;Duffy (2014), ll. 168–9&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan1&quot;&gt;Hogan (1928), lch. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;OBrien170-1&quot;&gt;OBrien, ll. 170–1.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hurbert169-171&quot;&gt;Hurbert, ll. 169–171&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Byrne46&quot;&gt;Byrne (2001), lch. 46.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Byrne118&quot;&gt;Byrne (2001), lch. 118.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Byrne128&quot;&gt;Byrne (2001), lch. 128.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MacNeill60&quot;&gt;Mac Néill (1911/2), lch. 60.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MacNeill&quot;&gt;{{
cite book |
title = The Five Fifths of Ireland |
author = Eoin Mac Neill |
year = 1920
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Ossianic75&quot;&gt;Stafford &amp; Gaskill, lch. 75&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Snorri330&quot;&gt;Sturluson, lch. 330.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;DownArdsxix&quot;&gt;Stockman, lch. xix.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;DownArdsPg3&quot;&gt;Stockman, lch. 3.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Oram32&quot;&gt;Oram (2011), lch. 32.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;OHart&quot;&gt;O'Hart (1976), ll. 427 &amp; 819.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Keenan139-40&quot;&gt;Keenan, ll. 139–140.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Keenan347-9&quot;&gt;Keenan, ll. 347–349.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ThorntonPage201&quot;&gt;Thornton, lch. 201.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;FraserPage159&quot;&gt;Fraser (2009), lch. 159.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;FraserMedievalPg317&quot;&gt;Fraser (2007), lch. 317.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Kelleher141&quot;&gt;Kelleher, lch. 141.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel173-4&quot;&gt;Schlegel, ll. 173–4.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Dobbs78&quot;&gt;Dobbs, lch. 78.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MacNeill651&quot;&gt;Mac Néill (1919), lch. 651.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Charles573&quot;&gt;Charles-Edwards, lch. 573.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Edwards63&quot;&gt;Charles-Edwards, lch. 63.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiley19&quot;&gt;Wiley, lch. 19.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MacNiocaill124&quot;&gt;Mac Niocaill, lch. 124.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Carey97&quot;&gt;Carey, lch. 97.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Charles-Edwards59-60&quot;&gt;Charles-Edwards, ll. 59–60.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!-- Web page citations /--&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Iveagh&quot;&gt;{{cite web |
url = http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=17705 |
teideal = Iveagh |
author = Placenames NI |
access-date = 29úú Meitheamh 2015 |
dátarochtana = 2020-02-17 |
archivedate = 2020-06-16 |
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200616170018/http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=17705 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Drumballyroney&quot;&gt;{{cite web |
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teideal = Drumballyroney |
author = Placenames NI |
access-date = 29ú Meitheamh 2015 |
dátarochtana = 2020-02-17 |
archivedate = 2020-06-16 |
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200616154621/http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=17600 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;Library&quot;&gt;{{
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teideal = County Down |
work = A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland |
year = 1837 |
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first = Samuel |
access-date = 15ú Meán Fómhair 2015
}}&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Ptolemy&quot;&gt;{{
cite web |
author = [[Ptolemy]] |
work = [[Geografaíocht (Tolamaes) |
Geographia]] |
url = http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/1*.html |
teideal = Book II, Chapter 1. Location of Hibernia island of Britannia |
access-date = 15ú Meán Fómhair 2015
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;Tracts&quot;&gt;{{
cite web |
url = https://books.google.com/books?id = PFFXAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg = PA31#v = onepage&amp;q&amp;f = false |
work = Tracts Relating to Ireland Publications |
author = Irish Archaeological Society |
teideal = Volume 1 |
year = 1841 |
access-date = 15ú Meán Fómhair 2015
}}&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Isaac&quot;&gt;{{
cite book |
url = https://archive.org/details/wordsandplaceso04taylgoog |
page = [https://archive.org/details/wordsandplaceso04taylgoog/page/n222 182] |
last = Taylor |
first = Rev. Isaac |
year = 1865 |
access-date = 5ú Lúnasa 2015 |
title = Words and Places: Or, Etymological Illustrations of History, Ethnology, and Geography |
publisher = Macmillan &amp; Co.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;UHC&quot;&gt;{{
cite web |
url = http://www.newulsterbiography.co.uk/index.php/home/viewPerson/2065 |
access-date = 5ú Lúnasa 2015 |
teideal = Professor Sir John Byers (1853–1920) |
last = Froggart |
first = Richard |
publisher = Ulster History Circle
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Cultures&quot;&gt;{{
cite web |
url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vSFzo9-pdT4C&amp;pg=PA184&amp;dq=ulaid&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjbnti9lenNAhUFKsAKHbXaDLcQ6AEIJDAC#v=onepage&amp;q=ulaid&amp;f=false |
teideal = The Early Cultures of North-West Europe |
access-date = 10ú Iúil 2016
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;IHiMUlaid&quot;&gt;{{
cite web |
url = http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ulster.htm |
access-date = 15ú Meán Fómhair 2015 |
teideal = Ancient Uladh, Kingdom of Ulster |
last = Walsh |
first = Dennis |
work = Ireland's History In Maps
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;AOFM1001&quot;&gt;{{
cite web |
url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005B/text010.html |
teideal = Annála na gCeithre Máistrí, 993 AD |
publisher = Coláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh |
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}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;AOFM1045&quot;&gt;{{
cite web |
url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005B/text015.html |
teideal = Annála na gCeithre Máistrí, 1045 AD |
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&lt;ref name=&quot;AOTFM1178&quot;&gt;{{
cite web |
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teideal = Annála na gCeithre Máistrí |
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&lt;ref name=&quot;Tigernach1045&quot;&gt;{{
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teideal = Annála Tiarnaigh, 1045 AD |
publisher = Coláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh |
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}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;PlacenamesCraeb&quot;&gt;{{cite web |
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teideal = Crew, County Antrim |
author = Placenamesni.org |
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archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200616170023/http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=6170 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesConnor&quot;&gt;{{cite web |
url = http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=16927 |
teideal = Connor parish |
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access-date = 9ú Lúnasa 2016 |
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archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200616154536/http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=16927 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesMovilla&quot;&gt;{{cite web |
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teideal = Movilla, County Down |
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access-date = 9ú Lúnasa 2016 |
dátarochtana = 2020-02-17 |
archivedate = 2020-06-16 |
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200616154555/http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=6801 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesBangor&quot;&gt;{{cite web |
url = http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=17106 |
teideal = Bangor, County Down |
author = Placenamesni.org |
access-date = 9ú Lúnasa 2016 |
dátarochtana = 2020-02-17 |
archivedate = 2020-06-16 |
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200616154757/http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=17106 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesArmoy&quot;&gt;{{cite web |
url = http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=15890 |
teideal = Armoy, County Antrim |
author = Placenamesni.org |
access-date = 9ú Lúnasa 2016 |
dátarochtana = 2020-02-17 |
archivedate = 2020-06-16 |
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200616154553/http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=15890 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaceNamesDromore&quot;&gt;{{cite web |
url = http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=11375 |
teideal = Dromore, County Down |
author = Placenamesni.org |
access-date = 9ú Lúnasa 2016 |
dátarochtana = 2020-02-17 |
archivedate = 2020-06-16 |
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200616164734/http://www.placenamesni.org/resultdetails.php?entry=11375 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;AoU1165&quot;&gt;CELT, [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001A/text713.html Annála Uladh] - 1165 AD&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;AoU1087&quot;&gt;CELT, [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001A/text657.html Annála Uladh] - 1087 AD&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Magoo&quot;&gt;[http://www.magoo.com/hugh/mughdhorna.html Magoo] - The Mughdorna&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;SPC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |
url = http://www.saintpatrickcentre.com/news/downpatrick/ |
teideal = Downpatrick |
publisher = The Saint Patrick Centre |
access-date = 28ú Meitheamh 2016 |
dátarochtana = 2020-02-17 |
archivedate = 2017-06-21 |
archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170621014345/http://www.saintpatrickcentre.com/news/downpatrick/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{Ulaid}}
{{Mumhain}}

[[Catagóir:Ulaid| ]]
[[Catagóir:An Rúraíocht]]</text>
      <sha1>seyq798c09rbmjbgjm9scztidbyq9zu</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Éile</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="12779" sha1="d4cvvxx7dxjupkn3zintna04uv1k19m" xml:space="preserve">Tuath na meánaoise ab ea '''Éile''' ({{lang-sga|Éli}}, go minic ''Ely'' as Béarla), suite i ndeisceart [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí|Uíbh Fhailí]] agus cuid de thuaisceart [[Contae Thiobraid Árann|Tiobraid Árann]] an lae inniu.

==Achoimre==
Mhaígh an chlann Éile gur de shliocht Céin iad, mar atá Cian mac níos óige [[Ailill Aulom|Ailealla Óloim]] agus deartháir [[Eoghan Mór|Eoghain Mhóir]], agus dá bharr gaolta leis na h[[Eoghanachta]].  Moladh gurbh [[Laigin|Laighneach]] iad na hÉile ó dhúchais,&lt;ref&gt;Byrne, ll. 133, 180-1&lt;/ref&gt; agus go raibh siad b'fhéidir ina ríthe Caisil roimh theacht i gceannas na nEoghanacht. 
Cuirtear amhlaidh in iúl i seanscéalta a mbunús 'sacu,&lt;ref&gt;Charles-Edwards, lch. 546&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;MacCotter, lch. 212&lt;/ref&gt; mar shampla ''[[Senchas Fagbála Caisil]]''.

Bhí teorannacha ag Éile le [[Ríocht na Mí]] ó thuaidh, Caiseal ó dheas agus [[Osraí]] ar an taobh thoir.  Le teacht an 12ú haois, míle bliain ina dhiaidh, bhí sé i bhfad níos lú.

Bhí Éile roinnte ina dhá leath, sa tuaisceart '''Éile Uí Chearbhaill''', agus sa deisceart '''Éile Uí Fhogartaigh'''.  D'fhéadfadh gur chlann éagsúil iad Uí Fhogartaigh, [[Dál gCais]] b'fhéidir,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/thomond.htm Tuadmumu, The Kingdom of Thomond] by Dennis Walsh&lt;/ref&gt; sin nó gaolta ab ea an dá chlann i ndáiríre, ach faoi thionchar pholaitíochta na dtuaithe, rinne ginealeolaithe ceangail eatarthu agus rítheaghlaigh áitiúla éagsúla.  Molann [[John O'Hart]] gur sinsear Uíbh Fhogartaigh ab ea [[Foghartach mac Néill]].&lt;ref&gt;O'Hart, lch. 454&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí an teorainn idir Éile Uí Chearbhaill agus Ríocht ársa na Mí ar chomhchríoch leis sin idir deoise [[Cill Dalua]] agus [[deoise na Mí]].  Bhí Éile Uí Chearbhaill suite sa chuid de Chontae Uíbh Fhailí atá i ndeoise Cill Dalua was Ely O'Carroll, agus sa Mhumhain ó thús.

Bhí Éile Uí Fhógarta ó thús sa Mhumhain fosta, agus tá barúntachtaí [[Uí Chairín]] agus [[Éile Uí Fhógarta]] anois i g[[Contae Thiobraid Árann]].  Tá cuid de suite anois ámh i m[[barúntacht]]aí [[Cluain Leisc]] agus [[Baile an Bhriotaigh]] i g[[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]].  Tar éis concas [[Normannaigh|na Normannach]], cuireadh na barúntachtaí seo le contaetha palaitíneacha Iarlaí Ormhumhan.  Fágadh na tiarnaí dúchasacha, Uí Mheachair agus Uí Fhógarta, i gceannas a gcuid tailte, ach b'éigean dóibh cáin a íoc don iarla.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Leabhar na gCeart]]'', ll. 78, 79, nóta i.&lt;/ref&gt;

==An Domhan Nua==
Maireann tiarnaí Uí Chearbhaill fós sa lá atá inniu ann sa ''[[Carroll family]]'' iomráiteach as [[Maryland]] sna [[Stáit Aontaithe]].&lt;ref&gt;Hoffman and Mason&lt;/ref&gt;.  Sínitheoir Fhorógra Saoirse Mheiriceá ab ea [[Charles Carroll]] as Carrollton.  Tá a chlann cónaithe in ''[[Doughoregan Manor]]'' le dhá aois anuas.  Bhí [[Charles Carroll the Barrister]], gaolta i bhfad amach, síolraithe ó thiarnaí déanacha Éile.  Bhí cónaí air i [[Mount Clare (Maryland)|Mount Clare]], Maryland.

==Tagairtí sna hAnnála==
IF=[[Annála Inis Faithlinn]]; LC=[[Annála Loch Cé]]; M=[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]; CS=[[Chronicon Scotorum]]; U=[[Annála Uladh]]

{| class=wikitable
! width=10% | #
! width=45% | Meán-Ghaeilge&lt;br&gt;Laidin
! width=45% | NuaGhaeilge
|- valign=top
| 571
| 
| ''The battle of Tola, by Fiachna, son of Baedan, son of Cairell, against the people of Osraighe and Eile; and they were defeated. Tola is the name of a plain situated between Cluain Fearta Molua and Saighir.
|- valign=top
| IF670
| Mors Forchellaich, ri Héle
| ''Mors'' (bás) Fhorcheallaigh, rí Éile.
|- valign=top
| 707
|
| ''The battle of Dola, in Magh Ele, where Leathlobhar, son of Eochaidh, Cu Allaidh, and Cu Dinaisc, were slain.
|- valign=top
| IF744.1
| Mors Ardgail, rí Éle.
| ''Mors'' Ardgail, rí Éile.
|- valign=top
| M757&lt;br&gt;T762
| Fogartach, mac Eathach, tigherna h-Ele.&lt;br&gt;Fógartach rí Ele moritur.
| Fuair Fógartach mac Eathach, tiarna/rí Éile, bás.
|- valign=top
| M847.14
| Tuathal, mac Ceallaigh, tighearna Ele, d'écc.
| Tuathal, mac Ceallaigh, tiarna Éile, d'éag.
|- valign=top
| 874
|
| ''Donnchadh, son of Maelseachlainn, was mortally wounded by the Eili.
|- valign=top
| 888
|
| ''A battle was gained over the Eili by Maelguala and the men of Munster, at Caiseal, in which many noble youths were slain.
|- valign=top
| 900
|
| ''A battle was gained by Ceallach, son of [[Cerball mac Dúnlainge|Cearbhall]], and by the [[Osraí]], over the Eili and the Muscraighi, in which fell one hundred and ten persons, among whom was Techtegan, son of Uamnachan, lord of Eili, and many others of distinction.
|- valign=top
| M903.9
| Cnáimheini, mac Maenaigh, tighearna Ele, d'ég.
| ''Cnáimheini'', mac Maonaigh, tiarna Éile, d'éag.
|- valign=top
| M975.9
| Seachnasach mac h-Iruaidh tigherna Eile do mharbhadh.
| Seachnasach mac hIruaidh, tiarna Éile, do mharú.
|- valign=top
| c. 1000
|
| ''Cearball mac Dublaidhe Duind appears king of Éile in MacLiacc poem 'Siath righ Gaela, glantar hi!'
|- valign=top
| IF1022
| Bás Gillai Phatra(ic) m. Cerbaill, rí h-Ele.
| Bás Giolla Phádraic Mac Cearbhaill, rí Éile.
|- valign=top
| 1023
| Tadhg, mac Briain, mic Cindeittigh, do mharbhadh do Eilibh i fiull, iar na eráil dia bhrathair féin do Dhonnchadh, forrae.
|
|- valign=top
| IF1028.7
| Bás h-Uí Dubchroin, rí h-Ele.
| Bás Uí Dubhchróin, rí Éile.
|- valign=top
| LC1033.4
| Aimergin .H. Cerbhaill, ri Eli, &amp; Cu Mhuman mac Ruaidri h-I Cedfadha, mortui sunt.
| Amhairghin Ó Cearbhaill, rí Eile, ..., d'éag.
|- valign=top
| LC1033.5
| Maidhm lé h-Ele, i torcradar&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/18533 1 do-tuit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411140656/http://dil.ie/18533 |date=2020-04-11 }}, tit, le ciall maraítear, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; Braon h-Ua Cleirigh, &amp; Muiredach mac mic Gilla Padraig, et alii multi.
| Maidhm ag Éile, inar maraíodh Braon Ó Cléirigh, agus Muireadach [[Mac Giolla Phádraig]], ''et alii multi.
|- valign=top
| U1033.6
| Maidm iter Eile i torcair Braen H. Cleiridh &amp; Muiredach m. m. Gilla Patraicc &amp; alii multi.
| Maidhm idir Éile inar maraíodh Braon Ó Cléirigh agus Muireadach Uí Giolla Phádraig agus ''alii multi
|- valign=top
| IF1033.13
| Bróen h-Ua Clérich, rí h-Eli, do marbad.
| Braon Ua Cléirigh, rí Éile, do mharú
|- valign=top
| M1050.13
| Maol Ruanaidh, mac Con Cóirne, tigherna Ele, do mharbhadh dia mhuintir fén.
| Maol Ruanaí, nach Con Cóirne, tiarna Éile, do mharú dá mhuintir féin.
|- valign=top
| LC1050.1
| Maol Ruanaid .H. Concoirne, rí Ele; Donnchad mac Gilla Fhaoláin, rí .H. b-Failghe, occisi sunt.
| Maol Ruanaidh Uí Chon Coirne, rí Éile, ..., d'éag.
|- valign=top
| U1050.1
| Mael Ruanaid m. Con Choirne ri Eile, Donnchad m. Gilla Fhaelan ri H. Failghi, occisi sunt.
| Maol Ruanaí Mc Con Choirne, rí Éile, do mharú (ag a mhuintir féin).
|- valign=top
| LC1058.3
| Maidhm ..., Ríbhardan mac Concoirne, rí Ele, ...
| Maidhm ..., Ríbhardán mac Con Coirne, rí Éile.
|- valign=top
| M1071.5
| Mac Righbhardan mac Con Choirne, tigherna Ele, do mharbhadh a c-cath ...
| Mac Ríbhardáin, mac Con Cóirne, rí Éile, do mharú i gcath ...
|- valign=top
| M1072.6
| h-Ua Fócarta, tigherna Éle do marbhadh lá h-ua m-Briain.
| Ó Fógartaigh, tiarna Éile, do mharú ag Ó Briain.
|- valign=top
| IF1071.4
| Mc. Rígbartáin, rí Éle, do marbad.
| Mac Ríbhardáin, rí Éile, do mharú
|- valign=top
| M1121.12
| Ríghbhardán, mac Con Choirne, tighearna Ele do écc.
| Ríbhardán, mac Con Choirne, tiarna Éile d'éag.
|- valign=top
| M1145.20
| Fionn Ua Cearbhaill, tanaisi Ele, do mharbhadh.
| Fionn Ó Cearbhaill, tánaiste Éile, do mharú.
|- valign=top
| M1152.13
| Domhnall mac Ríoghbhardáin Uí Cherbhaill, tigherna Ele, do mharbhadh la mac An Chos Fhada Uí Cearbhaill
| Domhnall, mac Ríbhardáin, tiarna Éile, do mharú ag mac An Chos Fhada Uí Chearbhaill.
|- valign=top
| IF1058.4
| Tairdelbach h-Ua Briain do thabairt m. Maíl na m-Bó &amp; Laigen &amp; Osraige &amp; Gall laiss do insaigid ar mc. m-Briain coro loiscset ermór na Machare co Luimnech &amp; ro loiscset fir Muman fein Luimnech ar omun ind lochta aile dia loscud, &amp; tucad debaid dóib oc intúd&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/28963 intúd] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411194347/http://dil.ie/28963 |date=2020-04-11 }}, tiontú, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; doib as coro marbad h-uathad&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/uathadh uathadh], roinnt, líon beag, ar teanglann.ie&lt;/ref&gt; dibsom &amp; sochaide do feraib Muma(n) im h-Ua Lígda, airchinnech Imlecha Ibair, &amp; im macc Con Chorne, rí h-Éle, &amp; im h-Ua Gébennaich, rí na Désse Bice.
| Thug Tairdhealbhach Ó Briain mac  Maoil na mBó, agus Laighin, Osraí, agus gaill leis chun ionsú ar mhac Bhriain, agus loisceadar cuid mhór den Mhachaire go Luimneach.  Agus loisc fir na Mumhan féin Luimnneach le nára loisce eile é, agus tugadh deabhaidh&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/deabhaidh deabhaidh], troid, ar teanglann.ie&lt;/ref&gt; dóibh agus iad ag tiontú dóibh as, agus maraíodh roinnt dóibh eile agus sochaí d'fhir na Mumhan, ann Ó Lía, [[airchinneach]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/eid/airchinneach airchinneach], giolla oidhreachtúil tailte eaglaise, ar teanglann.ie FGB &lt;/ref&gt; Imligh Iúir, mac Con Choirne, rí Éile, agus Ó Géibheannaigh, rí na Déise Bige.
|- valign=top
| M1163.11
| Mac Find Ui Cherbhaill, tigherna Ele Tuaisceirt, do mharbhadh lá Domhnall, mac Toirrdhealbhaigh
| Mac Fhionn Uí Chearbhaill, tiarna Éile Tuaiscirt, do mharú ag Domhnall, mac Toirdhealbhaigh.
|- valign=top
| M1174.6
| Ruaidhri Ua Cearbhaill tighearna Ele do mharbhadh ar lár Innsi Clothrann.
| 'Ruairí Ó Cearbhaill, tiarna Éile, do mharú i lár Inis Clothrann.
|- valign=top
| IF1174
| Sluaged la Gallaib Glassa gu tancatar i h-Eli coro tinolastar Domnall Ua Briain &amp; Tuadmumu gu Durlus U Fócarta coro cuired cath eturu coro maid ar Gallaib Glassa in cath in quo .dcc. l^ paulo plus ceciderunt.
| Slua de Ghallaibh Glasa a tháinig i nÉile.  Thionólaigh  Domhnall Ó Briain agus Tuadjmhumha [ina gcoinne] ag Durlas Uí Fhógartaigh, agus cuireadh cath eatarthu, inar cloíodh na Gaill Ghlasa,  700 nó beagán níos mó maraithe.
|- valign=top
| M1205.5
| Mac Guillbhealaigh Uí Cherbhaill tigherna Éle do mharbhadh lá Gallaib
| Mac Guillbhealaigh Uí Chearbhaill, tiarna Éile, do mharú ag Gallaibh [Sasanaigh]
|- valign=top
| CS1318
| 
| ''A great victory was gained over the English in Ely, by O'Carroll; and Adam Mares and many other Englishmen were slain.
|- valign=top
| CS1399
| 
| ''Tadc O Cerbaill, king of Ely, was captured by the Earl of Ormond this year.
|- valign=top
| M1432.20
| Coccadh mor eitir ó c-Cerbaill tighearna Éle &amp; Iarla Urmumhan. An t-Iarla do thecht i n-Élibh go sluagh mór imaille fris. An tír do mhilleadh, &amp; da chaislén Ui Cearbaill do briseadh lais.
| Cogadh mór idir Ó Cearbhaill, tiarna Éile, agus Iarla Urmhumhan.  An t-Iarla do theacht i nÉile le slua mór.  An tír do mhilleadh, agus dhá chaisleán Ui Chearbhaill leis.
|- valign=top
| M1443.6
| Maol Ruanaidh mac Taidhg Ui Cherbhaill tigherna Éle d'écc.
| Maol Ruanaí Mac Tadhg Uí Chearbhaill, tiarna Éile, d'éag
|}

==Féach freisin==
* [[Éile Uí Fhógarta]], barúntacht i  dtuaisceart Tiobraid Árann
* [[Uí Chairín]], barúntacht i dtuaisceart Tiobraid Árann
* [[Durlas]], dún Uí Fhógartaigh 
* [[Ricamil]](?), suíomh Uí Chearbhaill
* [[Caisleán Bhiorra]]
* [[Caisleán Léim Uí Bhánáin]]
* [[Crónán Ros Cré]]

==Foinsí==
* [[Francis John Byrne]]. ''Irish Kings and High-Kings''. [[Four Courts Press]]. 2a heagrán athbhreithnithe, 2001.
* [[Thomas Charles-Edwards]]. ''Early Christian Ireland''. Cambridge. 2000.
* Ronald Hoffman and Sally D. Mason. ''Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500–1782''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2000.
* John Gleeson. ''History of the Ely O'Carroll Territory of Ancient Ormond''. Baile Átha Cliath. 1915.
* Paul MacCotter. ''Medieval Ireland: Territorial, Political and Economic Divisions''. Four Courts Press. 2008.
* [[Donnchadh Ó Corráin]] (ed.). ''[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G105003/index.html Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502]''. Cóisir na hOllscoile, Corcaigh: [[Corpus of Electronic Texts]]. 1997.
* [[John O'Hart]]. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=elNmAAAAMAAJ Irish Pedigrees]''. Dublin: James Duffy and Co. 5ú heagrán, 1892.
* [http://www.communitywalk.com/ely_carroll_map/map/797671 Ely Carroll Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624215038/http://www.communitywalk.com/ely_carroll_map/map/797671 |date=2019-06-24 }}.

==Tagairtí==
{{Munster}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eile}}
[[Category:Kingdoms of medieval Ireland]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Áed Bennán mac Crimthainn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>1331742</id>
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        <id>47196</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="4097" sha1="3t51g1xj4hww9ncvh1setj2caen9ieo" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Rí na [[Iarmumu|hIarmhumhan]], agus b'fhéidir [[Rí na Mumhan]], den [[Eoghanacht Locha Léin]] ba ea '''Aodh Beannáin Mac Criomhthainn''' ({{lang-sga|'Áed Bennán mac Crimthainn'}}) (bás 618).&lt;ref&gt;dátaí per ''The Chronology of the Irish Annals'' le Daniel P. McCarthy&lt;/ref&gt;  Ba gharmhac [[Dauí Iarlaithe mac Maithni|Dauí Iarlaithe mhic Mhaithne]] é, é siúd féin ina rí na Mumhan.&lt;ref&gt;[[Francis John Byrne]], ''Irish Kings and High-Kings'', Tábla 15&lt;/ref&gt;

Níl na hannála ar aon intinn, agus Aodh is [[Fíngen mac Áedo Duib|Finghin mac Aodha Dhuibh]] (bás 618) den ghéag Caisil á phlé acu.  I n[[Annála Tiarnaigh]], insítear gur Rí na Mumhan é Aodh, i gcoróin roimh Fhinghin.&lt;ref&gt;[[Annála Tiarnaigh]], AT 618.3&lt;/ref&gt;  I n[[Annála Uladh]] agus [[Annála Inis Faithlinn]], ní thugtar teideal dó ina thásc.&lt;ref&gt;[[Annála Uladh]], AU 619.3; [[Annála Inis Faithlinn]], AI 620.2&lt;/ref&gt;  I n[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]], níl sé ach rí na hIarmhumhan, ach insítear a leanas faoi:&lt;ref&gt;Annals na gCeithre Máistrí, M614.3&lt;/ref&gt; 
{|class=wikitable
|- valign=top
| width=50% |
Aodh Bendan&lt;br /&gt;
don Eoghanacht Iarluachair&lt;br /&gt;
As mairg seoda dianad&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/15958 díanad] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''copula'', ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; rí&lt;br /&gt;
cenmair&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/9003 cían] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123020035/http://www.dil.ie/9003 |date=2019-11-23 }}, fada, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; tír dianat buachail.&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/7194 búachaill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208031703/http://www.dil.ie/7194 |date=2019-12-08 }}, cosantóir, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;

A sciath an tan fo-crotha&lt;br /&gt;
a bhíodhbhadha&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/5851  bibdu (c)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117180043/http://www.dil.ie/5851 |date=2019-11-17 }}, bíobha, namhad, ar eDIL.ie&lt;/ref&gt; futbotha&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/22383 fo-botha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921011249/http://www.dil.ie/22383 |date=2019-09-21 }}, scanraithe, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cesa beccan beth acht for a muin&lt;br /&gt;
as didiu don Iarmhumhain

| width=50% |
Aodh Beannáin, &lt;br /&gt;
don Eoghanacht Iar-Luachair, &lt;br /&gt;
A mhairg seoda dá rí &lt;br /&gt;
Go maire tír dá chosantóir. &lt;br /&gt;

A sciath an tan&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/tan tan], nuair, ar teanglann.ie&lt;/ref&gt; a croitheadh, &lt;br /&gt;
a naimhde a scanrú &lt;br /&gt;
''Though it were'' ach ar a mhuin, &lt;br /&gt;
mar dhídean don Iarmhumhain
|}

De réir an seanscéil ''Mór Muman &amp; Aided Cuanach mac Ailchine'', bhí a iníon [[Mór Mumhan|Mór]] (bás 636) pósta le Finghin agus níos deireanaí lena chomharba [[Cathal mac Áedo|Cathal mac Aodha]] (bás 627).&lt;ref&gt;Byrne, lch. 205&lt;/ref&gt;  Sa chéad ghlúin eile, ba chúis achrainn idir na hEoghanachta Locha Léin agus [[Eoghanacht Ghleanndamhnach|Gleanndamhnach]] í iníon eile leis, ''[[Ruithchern]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Wiley, Dan M., ''Cycles of the Kings''&lt;/ref&gt;  Is dócha go gcuireann an cogadh seo in iúl cumhacht na ngéag seo, i gcomparáid le dreamanna eile amhail is an [[Corca Laidhe|Chorca Laidhe]], [[Corca Dhuibhne]] agus [[Ciarraige|Ciarraí]] as Iarmhumhain; agus an [[Corca Mrua]] agus [[Corca Bhaiscinn]] as [[Tuadhmhumhain]].&lt;ref&gt;Byrne, lch. 207&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba iad [[Máel Dúin mac Áedo Bennán|Maol Dúin mac Aodha Bheannáin]] (bás 661) agus ''Cummíne'' a mhic a bhfuil aithne againn orthu.

==Foinsí==
* [http://celt.ucc.ie/index.html CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts]
** ''[[Annála Tiarnaigh]]''
** ''[[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]]''
** ''[[Annála Inis Faithlinn]]''
** ''[[Annála Uladh]]''
* Byrne, Francis John (2001), Irish Kings and High-Kings, Baile Átha Cliath: Four Courts Press, {{ISBN|978-1-85182-196-9}}
* ''The Chronology of the Irish Annals'', Daniel P. McCarthy

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Áed Bennán mac Crimthainn}}
[[Catagóir:Bliain bhreithe anaithnid]]
[[Catagóir:7ú haois in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine na Meánaoise]]
[[Catagóir:Eoghanachta]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Ríthe na Mumhan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tiarna</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1558" sha1="syt7p1epbq4f57j0p01nf3xi2kz037a" xml:space="preserve">I stair na [[Gaeil|nGael]], is [[flaith]] é '''tiarna''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''tigerna'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/40734 tigerna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106230607/http://dil.ie/40734 |date=2021-01-06 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;).  Is ionann '''Ard Tiarna''' agus [[iarla]] a bheag nó a mhór.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/odegard/titlefaq.htm A Glossary of European Noble, Princely, Royal, and Imperial Titles] le Mark Odegard, 1996.&lt;/ref&gt;

I bhfoinsí Gaelacha níos deireanaí, mar shampla [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]], úsáidtear tiarna in ionad [[ríthe Éireann|Rí]] óir nach measann na húdair a thuilleadh gur fíor-ríthe iad taoisigh réigiúnacha nó áitiúla níos luaite, fiú má glaodh orthu amhlaidh i bhfoinsí comhaimseartha.  Tharla seo mar chuid d'athrú tuisceana níos leithne le linn na meánaoise, agus d'fhéadfadh é go dtiocfadh ar ''rí'' básaithe le gairid, nó fós ar marthain fiú, le céim íslithe i bhfoinsí áirithe.  Ní féidir dá bharr dul i muinín an téarma má fheictear é.

==Foinsí==
* [[Francis John Byrne|Byrne, Francis J.]], ''Irish Kings and High-Kings''. Baile Átha Cliath: Four Courts Press. 2a eagrán, 2001.
* [[Kenneth Nicholls|Nicholls, K. W.]], ''Gaelic and Gaelicized Ireland in the Middle Ages''. Baile Átha Cliath: Lilliput Press. 2a heagrán, 2003.
* Simms, Katharine, ''From Kings to Warlords: The Changing Political Structure of Gaelic Ireland in the Later Middle Ages''. Boydell Press. 2000.

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Rítheaghlaigh Ghaelacha]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Niccolò Ravo</username>
        <id>71025</id>
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      <text bytes="5466" sha1="owfz0t8i2f1elulrd0llhkd9ea33zi5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Coinbhleacht Mhíleata
|méid=300px
|coinbhleacht=Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn
|íomhá=MarriageAoifeStrongbow.jpg
|méid_íomhá=240px
|teideal_íomhá=Pósadh Strongbow agus Aoife
|dáta=1169–1175
|áit=[[Éire]]
|toradh=[[Conradh Windsor (1175) | Conradh Windsor]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tiarnas na hÉireann]] bunaithe.
|comhraiceoir1=
[[Cambra-Normannaigh]]&lt;br&gt; [[Diarmaid Mac Murchadha|Arm Dhiarmaid Mhic Mhurchadha]]
|comhraiceoir2=
[[Éire Ghaelach|Ríochtaí na nGael]]:&lt;br&gt;
*[[Osraige]]
*[[Ríocht Dheasmhumhan|Deasmhumhain]]
*[[Ríocht Thuadhmhumhan |Tuamhumhain]]
*[[Uí Néill an Deiscirt|Ríocht na Midhe ]]
*[[Ríocht Bhréifne|Bréifne]]
*[[Ríocht Oirghiall |Oirialla]]
*[[Ríocht Uladh|Ulaidh]]
*[[Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Na Bailte Lochlannacha]]
*[[Tuath Lochlannach Dhuibhlinne ]]
*[[Tuath Lochlannach Loch Garman]]
*[[Tuath Lochlannach Phortláirge]]
*[[Tuath Lochlannach Luimnigh]]
|}}
[[Tiarnas Angla-Normannach|Tharla]] an t-ionradh [[Tiarnas Angla-Normannach|Angla-Normannach]] ar Éirinn ag deireadh an 12ú haois, nuair a d'éirigh leis na Normannaigh limistéir mhóra talún a chuir faoi smacht agus a ghabháil ó na Gaeil, a d’éiligh [[ríocht Shasana]] ceannasacht orthu ina dhiaidh ansin. Ag an am, bhí [[Éire Ghaelach]] comhdhéanta de roinnt ríochtaí, agus [[Ardrí na hÉireann|an tArdrí]] ag éileamh tiarnas ar fhormhór na ríthe eile. Bhí ionradh na Normannach ina chor cinniúna i stair na hÉireann, ag marcáil tús níos mó ná 800 bliain de rannpháirteachas díreach Shasana agus, ina dhiaidh sin an Bhreatain le hÉirinn.

'Baile ríoga' ab ea [[Briostó]], an dara bhaile ba mhó i Sasana agus an baile ba mhó tábhacht ar fad ar an gcósta thiar. Ba chathair tráchtála í thar aon ní eile, agus is as an gceangal ceannaíochta a bhí idir í is [[Ríocht Dhuibhlinne|Duibhlinn]] (Baile Átha Cliath, inniu) a thagadh formhór a gcuid maoine. Níos déanaí ar aghaidh, bhronn an rí [[Anraí II Shasana|Anraí II]] (Fraincis: Henri II) na saor chearta chéanna ar Dhuibhlinn. Ansiúd anonn a thriall [[Diarmaid Mac Murchadha]], i dtocach Mí Lúnasa 1166. Duine de dhaoine móra Bhristó ba ea Robert Fitzharding. Chuir seisean fáilte na féile roimh an deoraí oirdhearc agus chuir sé ar iostas í mainistir na nAgaistíneach sa bhaile mór é. Is beag nach deimhin gur le cabhair Mhuiris Uí Réagáin ''latimer'' (fear teangan) Dhiarmada, a chuireadar iad féin i dtuiscint sa chéile.

Seoladh Mac Murchadha chun Rí Shasana, agus tar éis iomad cuardaigh tháinig sé ar Anraí i nGuienne, am éigin tar éis na Nollag. Chuir Anraí roimhe ansiúd agus d'éist se lena achainí.  Le linna óige, bhí Anraí, nó 'mac na hImperaise,' mar a thugtaí air, ag cuimhneamh ar Éire a ghabháil, agus sa bhliain 1155 chruinnigh comhairle a chuid barún chun an scéil a phlé, Cuireadh Seán ó Salisbury nó Johannes Parvus, ([[An Fhraincis|Fraincis]]: ''Jean de Salisbury'') rúnaí do Thíobóid de Bec ([[An Fhraincis|Fraincis]]:''Thibaut du Bec''), [[Ardeaspag Canterbury|Ardeaspag Chantorbuirg]], don Róimh agus thug an [[Pápa Aidrian IV|Pápa Sasanach]], cead dul ar aghaidh leis an ghnó dó. Níor thug Anraí geallúint go ndéanfadh sé féin paitinne a thabhairt do Dhiarmaid d'athbhunú ná Éire so ghabháíl. Ba é a rinne sé na litreacha paitinne a thabhairt do Dhiarmaid á cheadú &quot;d'éinne taobh istigh de theorainn ár ríochta cabhair is cúnamh a thabhairt dó chun Cúige Laighean d'fháil thar n-ais. D'fhill Mac 
Mac Murchadha dá bhrí sin ar Bhriostú agus, san áit sin dó, chuaigh se ag triall ar [[Risteard FitzGilbert de Clare, 2ú hIarla Penfro]], an té darbh ainm Strongbow ag Éireannaigh riamh.

Rinne na Normannaigh ionradh ar Éirinn ó Shasana i 1169 ar iarratas an Rí ar a dtugtar Diarmaid na nGall, a bhí ag súil le cabhair uathu, ach sheol Rí Anraí II Shasana a thuilleadh saighdiúirí le smacht a choimeád ar a arm Normannach. Bhí tionchar as cuimse ag na Normannaigh ar an oileán, ach níorbh gur éirigh siad 'níos Gaelaí ná na Gaeil féin', ag foghlaim na teanga dúchais agus ag pósadh isteach i dteaghlaigh Ghaelacha. Faoi dheireadh an 15ú haois bhí flaitheas na Breataine in Éirinn teoranta go héifeachtach do cheantar beag timpeall Bhaile Átha Cliath ar a dtugtar an Pháil.

== Sa Litríocht ==
Thug an bolscaire [[Cambra-Normannach|Cambro-Normannach]] cuntas ar [[Conriochtaí Osraí|chonriochtaí Osraí]], scéal meafarach dar le Catherine Karkov, le rá gur ainmhithe allta iad na Gaeil ach nach raibh siad chomh dona sin de bharr gur Críostaithe iad. Seasann mac tíre baineann a bhí ag fáil bháis d'Éireann féin, agus nuair a bhaintear an craiceann den mhac tíre sin is léiriú é sin más ea ar an athrú ón Eaglais Cheilteach Éireannach go hEaglais na Róimhe a thug na Sasanaigh Normannacha isteach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Caoimhín Ó Cadhla]]|date=31 Deireadh Fómhair 2025|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2025/10/conriochtai-osrai/|title=Conriochtaí Osraí|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|issue=Eagrán 53}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ionradh na Normannach ar Eirinn}}
[[Catagóir:Cathanna in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Stair na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Normannaigh]]
[[Catagóir:12ú haois in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:12ú haois]]
[[Catagóir:Stair na hEorpa]]
[[Catagóir:2ú mílaois in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Coilíneachas]]
[[Catagóir:Impiriúlachas]]</text>
      <sha1>owfz0t8i2f1elulrd0llhkd9ea33zi5</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uí Chinnsealaigh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>93452</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331727</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="4762" sha1="dc9nj3b810eolzstubh404gfrays647" xml:space="preserve">Rítheaghlach na [[Laigin|Laigean]] ba ea '''Uí Chinnsealaigh''' ([[Meán-Ghaeilge]] '''Uí Ceinnselaig'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/8677 cennselach] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ar eDIL; cinseal&lt;/ref&gt;), a rianaigh a sinsearacht ó [[Énnae Cennsalach|Éanna Cinnsealach]], ar chomhaois a dúradh le [[Níall Noígíallach]].  Dúradh fosta gur gharmhac [[Breasal Béalach|Bhreasail Bhéalaigh]] é Éanda, agus i dteannta sin col ceathrar le [[Dúnlaing mac Éanna Niadha]], sinsear eapainmneach [[Uí Dúnlainge|Uí Dhúnlainge]].

Faightear Uí Chinnsealaigh ar dtús sa cheantar thart timpeall [[Ráth Bhile]], [[Contae Cheatharlach]], agus uiscí uachtair [[An tSláine|na Sláine]], ach le himeacht aimsire, brúdh ó dheas iad.  Níos déanaí, faightear iad lonnaithe i bh[[Fearna]], suíomh mhainistir Naomh ''[[Máedóc]]'' (bás 626 nó 632).

I dtosach, roinntí ríogacht [[ríthe na Laighean|na Laigean]] idir Uí Chinnsealaigh agus Uí Dhúnlainge, ach le himeacht ama, tháinig Uí Dhúnlainge ina n-aonar i gceannas.  Tar éis bhás [[Áed mac Colggen|Aodha mac Colgan]] (738), ní bheadh rí Uí Chinnsealaigh i réim go dtí [[Diarmait mac Máel na mBó|Diarmaid mac Maol na mBó]], trí chéad bliain níos deireanaí (féach [[Ríthe Uí Chinnsealaigh]]).

Bhí géag amháin den chlann, de shliocht [[Murchadh mac Diarmada|Mhurchadha mhic Dhiarmada mhic Mhaoil na mBó]], a ghlac an sloinne ''mac Murchada''.&lt;ref&gt;{{
cite book |
last = O'Byrne |
first = E |
year = 2005 |
chapter = MacMurrough |
editor-last = Duffy |
editor-first = S |
title = Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia |
url = https://archive.org/details/medievalirelande00duff |
url-access = limited |
publisher = [[Routledge]] |
publication-place = Nua Eabhrac |
pages = [https://archive.org/details/medievalirelande00duff/page/n334 302]&amp;ndash;303 |
isbn = 0-415-94052-4 |
ref = O1
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{
cite book |
last = Zumbuhl |
first = M |
year = 2005 |
chapter = Uí Chennselaig |
editor-last = Duffy |
editor-first = S |
title = Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia |
url = https://archive.org/details/medievalirelande00duff |
url-access = limited |
publisher = [[Routledge]] |
publication-place = Nua Eabhrac |
pages = [https://archive.org/details/medievalirelande00duff/page/n438 406]&amp;ndash;407 |
isbn = 0-415-94052-4 |
ref = Z1
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;F1&quot;&gt;{{
cite journal |
last = Flanagan |
first = M. T.|
year = 1981 |
title = Mac Dalbaig, a Leinster Chieftain |
journal = [[The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland]] |
volume = 111 |
pages = 5&amp;ndash;13 |
jstor = 25508795 |
via = [[JSTOR]] |
ref = F1
}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ón géag seo bhí [[Domhnall Caomhánach]], bunaitheoir na g[[Caomhánach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{
cite book |
last = MacLysaght |
first = E |
authorlink = Edward MacLysaght |
year = 1972 |
title = Irish Families: Their Names, Arms and Origins |
url = https://archive.org/details/irishfamiliesthe00macl |
url-access = registration |
edition = 3ú |
publisher = Crown Publishers |
publication-place = Nua Eabhrac |
ol = 23251759M |
via = [[Open Library]] |
pages = [https://archive.org/details/irishfamiliesthe00macl/page/189 189]&amp;ndash;190 |
ref=M
}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bhí géag eile ann, síolraithe ó Dhomhnall Ramhar mac Maoil na mBó, a thóg an sloinne ''Ó Domhnaill''.&lt;ref name=&quot;F1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{
cite book |
last = Byrne |
first = FJ |
authorlink = Francis John Byrne |
year=2001 |
title=Irish Kings and High-Kings |
url = https://archive.org/details/irishkingshighki00byrn_0 |
url-access = registration |
series = Four Courts History Classics |
publisher = [[Four Courts Press]] |
publication-place = Baile Átha Cliath |
isbn = 1-85182-552-5 |
via = [[Google Books]] |
page = xxxv |
ref = B1
}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bhíodh an dá ghéag seo gcónaí san iomaíocht le chéile le haghaidh ríogacht Uí Chinnsealaigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;F1&quot;/&gt;

I measc ríthe agus pearsana Uí Chinnsealaigh agus muintireacha gaolmhara tá a leanas:&lt;ref&gt;Dátaí per ''The Chronology of the Irish Annals'' le Daniel P. McCarthy&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[Brandub mac Echach|Brandubh mac Eachach]] (bás 603)
* [[Áed mac Colggen|Aodh mac Colgan]] (bás 738)
* [[Diarmait mac Máel na mBó|Diarmaid mac Maoil na mBó]] (died 1072)
* [[Murchad mac Diarmata|Murchadh mac Diarmada]] (bás 1070)
* [[Diarmait Mac Murchada|Diarmaid mac Murchadha]] (bás [[1171]])
* [[Aoife mac Murchadha]] (bás [[1188]])
* [[Art Mór mac Murchadha Caomhánach]] (bás [[1417]])

==Féach freisin==
* [[Laigin]]
* [[Ríthe Uí Chinnsealaigh]]
* [[Caomhánach]]

==Foinsí==
* [[Byrne, Francis John]], ''Irish Kings and High-Kings.'' Batsford, Londain, 1973. {{ISBN|0-7134-5882-8}}

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ui Chinnsealaigh}}
[[Category:Uí Chinnsealaigh| ]]
[[Category:Laigin]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Plé:Rút Coipingéir</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bhog LametinoWiki an leathanach [[Plé:Ruth Coppinger]] go [[Plé:Rút Coipingéir]]: Leagan Gaeilge</comment>
      <origin>969768</origin>
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      <text bytes="918" sha1="d5f727ty0wxk0x9d9iyt7iav5kq1nnd" xml:space="preserve">Trua nach bhfuil bosca sonraí ann do shealbhóirí oifige!
{{Infobox officeholder
| name         = Ruth Coppinger
| image        = Ruth Coppinger.jpg
| office       = [[Teachta Dála]]
| term_start   = [[2014 Dublin West by-election|May 2014]]
| term_end     = [[2020 Irish general election|February 2020]] 
| constituency = [[Dublin West (Dáil constituency)|Dublin West]] 
| birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1967|4|18|df=y}} 
| birth_place  = [[Dublin]], Ireland
| death_date   =
| death_place  =
| nationality  = [[Irish people|Irish]]
| party        = [[Solidarity–People Before Profit]]
| otherparty   = [[Solidarity (Ireland)|Solidarity]] &lt;br&gt; [[Socialist Party (Ireland)|Socialist Party]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|Imran Khan|2007}}
| children     = 1
| alma_mater   = [[University College Dublin]]
|}} [[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 12:21, 30 Iúil 2020 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uí Thoirtre</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-03T17:39:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>47196</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>1331733</origin>
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      <text bytes="2715" sha1="j8h8k0rxq8z8l67es8r0rhlt1b4cl56" xml:space="preserve">Dream agus fo-ríocht na [[Airgíalla|nOiriall]] ba ea '''Uí Thoitre''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Uí Tuirtri'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/41491 tort] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416143031/http://www.dil.ie/41491 |date=2021-04-16 }}, bairín, builín, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;), ainmnithe as a sinsear eapainmneach, ''Fiachu Tuirtri'' mac [[Colla Uais]]   

Go luath sa chéad mhíle aois, bhíodh na tailte Uí Thoitre mar chuid de ríocht na g[[Cruithne]] san [[Ulaid]].  Tar éis choncas na [[Colla Uais|Trí Cholla]], shín siad ón [[An Abhainn Mhór, Cúige Uladh|Abhainn Mhór]] taobh ó dheas de [[Dún Geanainn|Dhún Geanainn]] go dtí an Bior&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/5934 2 bir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318205358/http://dil.ie/5934 |date=2020-03-18 }}, uisce, tobar, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Abhainn na Scríne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MagherafeltParish&quot;/&gt; an lae inniu), suite taobh ó thuaidh den [[An Tobar Mór|Tobar Mór]].

Tháinig an chlann ''Uí Fhloinn'' i gceannas in Uí Thoirtre, agus a mbunáit acu i gcrannóg lasmuigh den tsráidbhaile [[Díseart Mhártain|Dhíseart Mhártain]] an lae inniu.  Nuair a cruthaíodh an bharúntacht sa cheantar, ainmníodh í as loch na crannóige [[Loch Inse Uí Fhloinn]].  Na céadta bliain i gcéin, phós bean éigin Uí Fhloinn le Seán Mór Ó hÁgáin, a raibh aige tráth [[Caisleán an Chaill Mhóir]] i bparóiste [[Cill Chruithneacháin|Chill Chruithneacháin]] sa bharúntacht i seilbh aige, agus chuaigh sé go [[Loch Inse Uí Fhloinn]] mar áit chónaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;MacCloskey1821p&quot;/&gt;

Le leathadh [[Cineál Eoghain|Chineál Eoghain]] sna hOirialla isteach, tháinig críocha Uí Thoirtre taobh thiar den [[an Bhanna|Bhanna]] i gceannas Thír Eoghain.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/colla.htm Ireland's History In Maps]&lt;/ref&gt;  Faoin 1350í, bhí [[Uí Néill Chlann Aodha Bhuí]] seasta sa bhearna chumhachta fágtha tar éis chliseadh [[Iarlacht na nUladh]],&lt;ref name=&quot;MedievalIreland&quot;/&gt; agus thit na tailte go léir Uí Thoirtre faoina gceannas.

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist |
&lt;ref name=&quot;MacCloskey1821p&quot;&gt;Statistical Reports of Six Derry Parishes 1821, John MacCloskey&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MagherafeltParish&quot;&gt;[http://www.magherafeltparish.org/parish-history Magherafelt Parish]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;MedievalIreland&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kVslRbrSH7QC&amp;pg=PA479&amp;lpg=PA479&amp;dq=rise+of+the+clandeboye+o%27neills&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=k8QX84sx-y&amp;sig=lqMhdK9cAlgZYnJcDO_E718blj8&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=5yH8S--yAoi-4gaj4P2wAg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=9&amp;ved=0CDkQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&amp;q=rise%20of%20the%20clandeboye%20o%27neills&amp;f=false Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia]. Editors Seán Duffy, Ailbhe MacShamhráin, and James Moynes&lt;/ref&gt;
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  <page>
    <title>Volkswagen</title>
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      <text bytes="2495" sha1="0pw1d4gftgjrnkw1apc2aeyk90q9cjf" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}

'''Volkswagen,''' giorraithe go '''VW''', is uathoibritheoir Gearmánach é a bhunaigh an Lucht Oibre sa Ghearmáin in 1937, a bhfuil cáil air mar gheall ar an gCiaróg íocónach agus a cheanncheathrú i [[Wolfsburg]]. Is é an príomhthionscadal branda an Ghrúpa Volkswagen, an déantóir gluaisteán is mó díolacháin ar fud an domhain in 2016 agus 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2017/01/30/volkswagen-toyota-world-largest-automaker/97234320/|work=USA Today|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511190411/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2017/01/30/volkswagen-toyota-world-largest-automaker/97234320/|teideal=&quot;Volkswagen passes Toyota as world's largest automaker despite scandal&quot;|archivedate=11 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an margadh is mó sa ghrúpa sa tSín, a sheachadann 40% dá dhíolacháin agus dá bhrabúis.  

Aistríonn an téarma Gearmánach ''Volk'' go &quot;daoine&quot;, dá bhrí sin aistríonn ''Volkswagen'' go &quot;gluaisteán daoine&quot;. Is é mana fógraíochta idirnáisiúnta reatha na cuideachta ach &quot;Volkswagen&quot;, ag tagairt do bhrí an ainm.  

== Litríocht ==

* Jonas Kiefer: ''VW Typenatlas, Serienfahrzeuge.'' 2. Auflage. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 2002,{{ISBN|3-7688-1271-5}} .
* Rudi Heppe: ''VW Personenwagen.'' Podszun, Brilon 2001,{{ISBN|3-86133-209-4}} .
* Halwart Schrader: ''VW Personenwagen seit 1945, Banda 1, Typenkompass.'' Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2001,{{ISBN|3-613-02105-6}} .
* Halwart Schrader: ''VW Personenwagen seit 1945, Banda 2, Typenkompass.'' Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2001,{{ISBN|3-613-02186-2}} .
* Werner Oswald: ''Deutsche Autos, Banda 2, 1920–1945.'' 2. Auflage. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2005,{{ISBN|3-613-02170-6}} .
* Werner Oswald: ''Deutsche Autos, Banda 3, 1945–1990, Ford, Opel und Volkswagen.'' 1. Auflage. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2001,{{ISBN|3-613-02116-1}} .

== Nótaí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Tagairtí ==

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [http://www.vw.com Suíomh Oifigiúil]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180306133229/http://www.volkswagen.com/ Volkswagen.com] Tairseach Volkswagen Cars ar fud an domhain
* [http://www.volkswagen-classic.de/ Volkswagen Classic] (sa Ghearmáin)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201026064752/https://www.thecaryoudrive.com/en/02175a425 Faisnéis Theicniúil Carranna Volkswagen]

[[Catagóir:Comhlachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Grúpa Volkswagen]]
[[Catagóir:Brandaí Carranna]]
[[Catagóir:Brandaí Gearmánacha]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tairired na nDéssi</title>
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      <text bytes="21088" sha1="3k5dgs6y9dl2e8uw9rbjm4eyxbwbj6r" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}

Insint Ghaelach na [[meánaois]]e de chuid [[Scéalaíocht na Ríthe]] is ea '''Tairshireadh&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/sir sir], téigh ar aistear tríd, ar teanglann.ie FGB&lt;/ref&gt; na nDéis''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Tairired&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/39715 tairired] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214054424/http://dil.ie/39715 |date=2021-02-14 }}, &lt; ''tair-sired'', aistear, turas, imirce, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; na nDéssi''').  Téann an scéal siar go dtí an 8ú haois, ach ní chaomhnaítear é ach i lámhscríbhinní i bhfad níos deireanaí.  Insítear ann stair ficseanúil na [[Déisi|nDéis]], dream a bhí go stairiúil ina [[aitheachthuatha]] nó 'vasáilligh' de chuid treibheanna eile i nÉirinn luathmheánaoiseach, ach a raibh le déanaí cumhacht polaitiúil bainte amach acu.  Is é chuid de chuspóir an téacs ná bunús uasal miotasach a chruthú do [[Ríthe na nDéis]] mar oidhrí ar rítheaghlach ar a cuireadh an ruaig orthu as [[Teamhair|Teamhraigh]].

Is mí-aimseartha é an téarma &quot;Déisi&quot; sa ''Tairired''. Tarlaíonn imeachtaí an scéil i bhfad níos luaithe ná forbairt stairiúil na nDéis féin, mar shampla, Déise Mumhan.&lt;ref name=OCathasaigh2/&gt;

Caomhnaítear an scéal i ndá leagan  [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] éagsúla, bunaithe ar an insint céanna a bheag nó a mhór, ach le sonraí suntasacha éagsúla sa bhreis, san áireamh sraitheanna fánacha, liostaí ainmneacha agus filíocht.   

Tar éis dó a neacht a tharrtháil as foghail mhac rí na Teamhrach, cuirtear [[Óengus Gaíbúaibthech]] agus a lucht leanúna as seilbh ag an rí agus téann siad ar deoraíocht ar fud na hÉireann.  Fanann siad sa [[Laigin]] le tréimhse, ach cuirtear an ruaig orthu as an ríocht sin i ndeireadh na dála.  Nuair a theipeann orthu le neart míleata, baineann siad le gliceas agus draíocht áit chónaithe amach dóibh féin in oirdheisceart na [[Mumhain|Mumhan]] agus na h[[Osraí]] in aice leo.

Maraon le luathliteartha Gaeilge, is rí-luachmhar iad ábhar ar seachrán idir [[ainmeolaíocht]] agus ginealaigh.  Insítear in alt amháin ach go háirithe gur lonnaigh géag éigin na nDéis sa [[an Bhreatain|Bhreatain]] agus bhunaigh siad [[ríocht Dyfed]], rud suntasach i gcomhthéacs luath-imirci Gaelacha chuig an mBreatain.

==Leaganacha agus lámhscríbhinní==
Caomhnaítear an scéal i ndá leaganacha idir níos sine agus níos óige, ar a thug [[Kuno Meyer]] &quot;A&quot; agus &quot;B&quot; orthu.&lt;ref&gt;Meyer, ll. 102–103.&lt;/ref&gt;

Téann an leagan &quot;A&quot; siar go dtí an 8ú haois, ach ní fhaightear é ach i lámhscríbhinní i bhfad níos deireanaí.&lt;ref name=Meyer102&gt;Meyer, lch. 102.&lt;/ref&gt;  Feictear é go hiomlán in [[Laud 610]] agus [[Rawlinson B 502]], agus i bhfoirm easpach i [[Leabhar Uí Mhaine]] agus ''Liber Flavus Fergusiorum''.&lt;ref name=Meyer102/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hull 1954, lch. 266.&lt;/ref&gt;  Tugann Meyer faoi ndeara go bhfuil níos lú botún sa téacs Rawlinson, ach go bhfuil litríocht níos ársa sa téacs Laud.&lt;ref name=Meyer102/&gt;

Caomhnaítear an leagan &quot;B&quot; i bhfoirm éigin i dtrí lámhscríbhinn.  Tá an mír is sine le fáil i [[Leabhar na hUidhre]].  I dteannta leis an mír seo, tá ábhar comhlántach sna cóipeanna eile, le fáil sa [[Seanchas Mór]] ([[Coláiste na Tríonóide|CTBÁC]] LS 1336, H. 3. 17) agus sa [[Leabhar Oiris]] (CTBÁC, MS 1296, H. 2. 5), agus is féidir dá bharr an téacs a athchruthú.&lt;ref name=Meyer103&gt;Meyer, lch. 103.&lt;/ref&gt;  Faightear sa bhreis sa Leabhar Oiris roinnt dánta ar leith.

Tugtar teidil éagsúla ar an scéal sna lámhscríbhinní.
* Rawlinson: ''Tairired na n'Déssi''.&lt;ref name=Meyernote&gt;Meyer, lch. 102 agus nótaí.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Laud: ''De causis torche n'Déssi''/''acuis toirge na n'Déssi''.  Is doiléir é an focal ''torche/toirge'', ach de réir Meyer, tá brí &quot;turas&quot; leis.&lt;ref name=Meyernote/&gt;  
Sna lámhscríbhinní &quot;B&quot; uile, tá tagairt éigin don ghortú a imríodh ar [[Cormac mac Airt|Chormac mac Airt]]:
* Leabhar na hUidhre: ''Tucait innarba&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/28323 indarba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122125538/http://www.dil.ie/28323 |date=2019-11-22 }}, díbirt, ruaigeadh, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; na n'Dési im Mumain &amp; aided Cormaic'' (Tucaid/fáth díbirt na nDéis sa Mhumhain agus anbhás Chormaic)
* Seanchas Mór: ''Cóechad Cormaic i Temraig'' (Caochadh/dalladh Chormaic i dTeamhraigh)
* An Leabhar Oiris: ''Tucaid cháetcha Cormaic do Aengus Gaibuaibtheach &amp; aigeag Ceallaig &amp; fotha indarbtha na nDeissi do Muig Breag'' (Tucaid/fáth chaochadh Chormaic ag Aonghas Gabhuaibhtheach agus ''aigeag'' Cheallaigh agus fáth díbirt na nDéis chuig Magh Breá).&lt;ref name=Meyer103/&gt;

Sa ''Catalogue'' le [[Marie Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville]], tá dhá theideal eile:&lt;ref&gt;d'Arbois de Jubainville, lch. 171, 263.&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Longes Eithne Uathaige''
* ''Tochomlad na nDési a Temraig''.
Ní fios áfach, cén leagan, más ceactar acu, atá luaite.&lt;ref name=Meyer103/&gt;

==Tosca==
{{príomhalt|Déisi}}
Bhíodh brí ar dtús leis an téarma  '[[Déisi|Déise]]', mar is léir ón bhfocal,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/déis déis&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;], tionónta, chomhphobal cíosach, ar teanglann FGB&lt;/ref&gt; ná aicme [[aitheachthuatha|aitheachthuath]] neamhgaolmhar faoi cheannas agus faoi chíos treibheanna a raibh talamh acu.&lt;ref&gt;Thornton, lch. 121.&lt;/ref&gt;  Insítear in ''Tairired na nDéssi'' scéal maidir le dream amháin dá gcuid, mar atá [[Déisi Muman|Déise Mumhan]], conas a chuaigh siad ar deoraíocht agus a lonnaigh siad i gcontaetha [[Contae Phort Láirge|Port Láirge]] agus [[Contae Thiobraid Árann|Thiobraid Árann]] an lae inniu, faoi cheannas na [[Eoghanachta|nEoghanacht]].  D'fhás chumacht na Déise Mumhan de réir a chéile, agus bhí ríocht áitiúil go sách luath acu.

Cé nach raibh gaol ar leith i idir na Déise, measadh a mhalairt faoi lár na 8th haois, lena dteacht i gcumhacht sa Mhumhain.  Tugtar dóibh sa ''Tairired'' ginealach idir miotasach agus uasal.&lt;ref&gt;Thornton, ll. 121–123.&lt;/ref&gt;  Measadh le tamall fada gur chur síos cruinn stairiúil a bhí ann sa ''Tairired'', ach ní raibh scoláirí níos deireanaí amhail is [[Eoin MacNeill|John MacNeill]], [[Patrick C. Power]], [[T. F. O'Rahilly]] agus Séamus Pender, ar aon intinn leis an smaoineamh úd, agus mholl siad gur ficsean déanach atá ann.&lt;ref&gt;Hull 1959, lch. 14.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Insint  ==
Insítear an scéal faoi shinsir na nDéis agus [[Cormac mac Airt]], [[rí na Teamhrach]], i gcoróin.  Tá an príomhinsint mar an gcéanna i ngach leagan, ach feictear iontu scéalta neamhghaolmhara faoina Déise agus a gcomhaoisigh.

=== Leagan A ===
Bhí ceathrar mac Artchoirp i gceannas na nDéis: Breac (''Brecc''), [[Óengus Gaíbúaibthech|Aonghas Gabhuaibhtheach]] (''Óengus Gaíbúaibthech''), Eochaidh Allmuir&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/2979 allmuir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208115748/http://dil.ie/2979 |date=2021-02-08 }}, duine thar tír/muir isteach, gall, allúrach, eachtrannach&lt;/ref&gt; agus Foradh.  Fuadaítear agus éignítear Forach mac Foraidh ag Conn (in áiteanna eile, Ceallach), mac &quot;gan náire&quot; Chormaic mhic Airt.  Téann Aonghas i gceannas bhuíon caoga fear chuig  [[Teamhair|Teamhraigh]] chun í a tharrtháil.  Diúltaíonn Conn an cailín a scaoileadh saor, agus sánn Aonghas é lena &quot;gha buaibh&quot;, ag caochadh nó dalladh Cormaic á dhéanamh.  De réir dlí, ní gá d'ardrí lorg ar bith a bheith air, agus dá bharr, is éigean do Chormac éirí as a choróin agus téann sé ar scor go [[ráth]] éigin lasmuigh de Theamhraigh, agus tháinig a mhac [[Cairbre Lifechair]] i gcomharbacht air.  Undeterred, cruinníonn Cormac a airm in éadan na nDéis agus cuireann sé an ruaig orthu as Teamhraigh.  

Téann Aonghas, i dteannta le Ross agus Eoghan, mic a dhearthár, i ngleic leis an rí le seacht gcath.  Tar éis dachad lá, tagann Aonghas i gcomharbacht ar Bhreac mar rí na nDéis, ach éiríonn sé as a choróin de bharr gearán faoina his consolidation of the chumhacht idir curadh agus rí.  Diúltaíonn Cormac a sheasamh ar an bhfód in éadan na nDéisi, agus brúnn sé iad sa [[Laigin]] isteach, air a bhrúnn an rí áitiúil, ''Fiachu Bacceda'', clann [[Uí Bairrche|Uí Bhairrche]] as a gcuid tailte agus bronnadh sé iad ar na Déise.  Fanann siad ann ar feadh tríocha bliain.&lt;ref&gt;Meyer, ll. 104–109 (alt. 1–6).&lt;/ref&gt;  I ndeireadh na dála, cuireann laoch Uí Bhairrche ''Eochu Guinech mac Óengusa'' an ruaig ar na Déise agus is éigean dóibh dul ar fánach i n[[Ard Ladrann]] isteach, aitheanta as sin amach mar &quot;Tús na nImircí&quot;. 

In alt 8, insítear an scéal faoi Eithne Uathach&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/42813 1 úathach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214222913/http://dil.ie/42813 |date=2021-02-14 }}, uafásach, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; ní [[Crimthann mac Énnai|Chriomhthainn mac Éanna]] (bás 483) rí Laigean agus in am trátha iníon altrama na nDéis.  Ag uair a bheith, tugann [[draoi]] tuar go ngabhfaidh muintir Eithne a tír dhúchais faoina ceannas.  Á chloisteáil seo, beartaíonn a tuistí feoil bhuachaillí óga di, go bhfása sí go tapaidh.  Idir an dá linn, tá Cormac fós ag ciapadh Aonghas agus na Déise, ag cothú aighnis i measc a ngaiscíoch agus a gceannairí.  Cuireann sé tairiscint síochána do Ross agus Eoghan, mic Bric, le maithiúnas agus tailte ar son dílseacht dó.  Geallann Aonghas dóibh mar fhreagairt tuilleadh tailte fós agus tús áite roimh a chlann féin má fhanann siad.&lt;ref&gt;Meyer, ll. 108–115 (alt. 7–12).&lt;/ref&gt;

Nuair a fhaigheann Chriomthann mac Éanna bás, iompaíonn a mhic i gcoinne na nDéis, á mbrú go hiomlán as na Laigin amach.  Lonnaíonn siad le seal gairid i ríocht [[Osraí]], ach dónn an rí ann a gcuid tithe, agus cuireann sé ar fánach arís iad siar sa [[Mumhain]] isteach.  Tugann [[Óengus mac Nad Froích|Aonghas mac Nadh Fhraoigh]] (bás 489), rí Mumhan, tacaíocht dóibh, agus déanann sé cleamhnas le hEithne Uathach atá ag taisteal leo.  Geallann sé mar spré go mbronnfadh sé trí éileamh ar bith uirthi.  Iarrann Eithne ar tailte do mhuintir a máthar, agus tháinig an tuar faoin tairngreacht.  Iarrann sí fosta go raibh a muintir chomh saor is &quot;trí h[[Eoghanachta]] na Mumhan&quot;.

Déanann Aonghas mar a iarrann sí, ach ní féidir leis na Déise na háitritheoirí dúchais a chur as Osraí.  Le tacaíocht ansin ó ''Lugaid Laigde Cosc'', breitheamh [[Corcu Loígde|Chorca Laidhe]] agus [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Caiseal]], beartaíonn siad ar cleas.  De réir tuair, cloífidh an chéad arm a ligfidh fuil, agus mar sin rinne draoithe na nDéis bó dhearg de dhuine acu.  Maraíonn fir na nOsraí an bhó, a chuireann deireadh leo.  Brúitear iad trasna across the [[An Loinneán|an Loinneáin]], as sin amach an teorainn idir na Déise agus na hOsraí.  Roinneann na Déise a gcuid tailte.  Sa chuid eile téacs feictear go formhór ach ainmneacha a muintir, idir pearsana agus [[clann]]a.&lt;ref&gt;Meyer, ll. 114–131 (alt. 13–23).&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Leagan B ===
Feictear an bunscéal céanna sa leagan &quot;B&quot;, le difríochtaí suntasacha.  Eagraíodh é ag Meyer in ''Anecdd.'' I,&lt;ref&gt;Kuno Meyer, eag., ''Tucait indarba na nDéssi'', in ''Anecdota from Irish Manuscripts'', iml. i. (1907), [https://books.google.com/books?id=mdUfAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA15 pp.15-24]&lt;/ref&gt; agus TCD LS 1316 (olim H. 2.15a), ll.&amp;nbsp;67a-68b (''H'' text) mar bhun, le leaganacha eile i bhfo-notaí as MS 1336 (olim H. 3.17), col. 720b-723a (''h'' text).

Mar is ionann is leagan &quot;A&quot;, tosaíonn an scéal le fuadach Fhoracha ag mac Chormaic (Ceallach anseo), ach sa leagan seo, tá Aonghas ró-ghnóthach ag baint díoltais amach as maslaí clanna chun í a tharrtháil.  Ní he ach go dtugtar achasán dó de bhrí a braiteoireachta ag bean éigin, a mharaíonn sé í, go ndéanann sé amhlaidh.  Leanann an scéal le díbirt na nDéis as Teamhraigh, a gcuairt sna Laigin, agus a lonnú sa Mhumhain tar éis phósadh Eithne agus Aonghais mhic Nadh Fhraoigh.  Is í iníon uaibhreach an draoi Osraí a thugann an tuar, murab ionann an breitheamh sa leagan eile.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/dessi2.html ''This Is The Cause Of The Expulsion Of The Déssi To Munster And The Violent Death Of Cormac'', alt. 1–15.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Den ábhar leithleach sa leagan B, is é scéal faoi Choirc Duibhne mac altrama Aonghasa, sinsear [[Corcu Duibne|Chorca Dhuibhne]], atá is suntasaí.  Tugtar Corc agus a dheartháir saol trí chiorrú coil idir ''Coirpre Múse'' agus ''Duihind'', páistí rí na Mumhan, [[Conaire Cóem|Conaire Caomh]].  Tagann gorta don tír dá bharr.  Is mian le muintir bás tíre go ndófar iad, ach tarrtháltar Corc ag draoi agus a bhean chéile, a thógann é agus a mhallacht as Éirinn féin chuig oileán ar muir.  Thairis sin, déanann bean chéile an draoi, ''Boí'', deasghnátha íonghlanta agus aistríonn sí transfer mallacht Choirc go bó bhán osnádúrtha, agus filleann sé ansin ar ais chuig a theaghlach.  Níos deireanaí, téann sé mar ghiall chuig cúirt Chormaic mhic Airt, ar altramas le hAonghas.  Téann sé i dteannta lena athair altrama agus é ar deoraíocht as Teamhraigh.  Déanann sé iarracht a áitiú ar na Déise ar fánach a lonnú ar oileán a óige, agus fanann ann nuair a roghnaíonn na Déise dul chuig Caiseal.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/dessi2.html ''This Is The Cause Of The Expulsion Of The Déssi To Munster And The Violent Death Of Cormac'', alt. 1–12.], maryjones&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa lámhscríbhinn LS 1336 (olim H. 3.17), tugtar don scéal an teideal ''Caochadh Chormaic i Teamhraigh'' (Cóecad Cormaic i Temraig').  Sa téacs seo, maítear gurb ionann Criomhall (''Crimall''),&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/12939 crimall] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; ga ré Chormaic, agus [[Lúin Chealtchair]] agus ga [[Lugh]].&lt;ref&gt;Arbois de Jubainville, ''Essai d'un catalogue'', lch. 90&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dyfed==
In Alt 11 de leagan &quot;A&quot;, insítear go ndeachaigh Eochaidh mac Artchoirp agus a mhuintir thar lear agus gur lonnaigh siad ''Demed'' (Demetia), aitheanta nua deireanaí mar [[ríocht Dyfed|Dyfed]] sa [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Bhreatain Bheag]]).  Tugtar ginealach ríoga ó Eochaidh go &quot;Tualodor mac Rígin&quot; (Tudor map Regin).&lt;ref&gt;Meyer, ll. 112–113.&lt;/ref&gt;  Tá an-chuid cosúlachtaí idir an ginealach seo agus foinsí Breatnacha, mar atá na [[ginealaigh Harleian]] agus [[Jesus College LS 20]].

Feictear sna taifid Harleian na hainmneacha céanna ó Thudor ar ais chuig Triphun ([[Triffyn Farfog]]), a deirtear sa ''Tairired'' gur fionnó Eochadha é.  Tugtar ginealach sách difriúil do Thriphun féin áfach, á rianú ó  [[impire na Róimhe]], [[Constantine I]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kmatthews.org.uk/history/harleian_genealogies/2.html Harleian genealogy 2].&lt;/ref&gt;  D'fhéadfadh é gur triail é seo ag scríbhneoirí níos deireanaí chun ginealach níos fearr a thabhairt do rítheaghlach Dyfed, nó b'fhéidir chun a mbunús Ghaelacha a cheilt, é sin nó gur níos cruinne é Harleian, agus ''Tairired'' an leagan truaillithe.

Pé scéal é, tá fianaise ann go raibh dreamanna Gaelacha lonnaithe in Dyfed agus áiteanna eile sa Bhreatain.  Tá inscríbhinní [[Ogham|Oghaim]] as [[Gaeilge Chianach]] le feiceáil in [[Pembrokeshire]] agus [[Carmarthenshire]].&lt;ref name=TCW163&gt;Charles-Williams, lch. 163 agus nótaí.&lt;/ref&gt;  I dteannta sin, tá láithreacht Ghael deisceartach sa Bhreatain á phlé i bhfoinsí liteartha níos deireanaí ar gach taobh an [[Muir Éireann|Mhuir Éireann]].  Mar shampla, feictear chlann [[Uí Liatháin]] in ''[[Historia Brittonum]]'' den 9ú haois, agus iad gníomhach in Dyfed sular chuir [[Cunedda]] agus a chlann (beo lár na 5ú haoise) an ruaig orthu.&lt;ref&gt;[[s:History of the Britons#1:14|''Historia Brittonum'', ch. 14]].&lt;/ref&gt;  Insítear i ''[[Sanas Cormaic]]'' fosta faoi eachtraí chlann Uí Liatháin, ach deirtear go raibh dún acu i g[[Corn na Breataine]] seachas Dyfed.&lt;ref name=TCW163/&gt;  Is é ''Tairired'' amháin áfach a dhéanann trácht ar láithreach na nDéis Bhreatain Bheag.  Molann [[Eoin Mac Néill]], a chreideann gur stairiúil iad a bheag nó a mhór na scéalta liteartha, gur tuath na nDéis faoi cheannas lonnú níos mó Uí Liatháin in Dyfed a bhí ann.&lt;ref&gt;Mac Néill, ll. 128–130.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!-- ''Tairired'' is the only direct source for this &quot;event&quot;. The historicity of this particular passage of the epic apparently receives partial &quot;confirmation&quot; from a pedigree preserved in the late 10th-century [[Harleian genealogies]], in which the contemporary kings of Dyfed claim descent from Triphun (beo 450), a great-grandson of Eochaid Allmuir, although the Harleian genealogy itself presents an entirely different version of Triphun's own ancestry in which he descends from a Roman imperial line traced back to [[Helena (Empress)|St. Helena]], whose alleged British origin the genealogist stresses.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kmatthews.org.uk/history/harleian_genealogies/2.html  Harleian genealogy 2.]&lt;/ref&gt; This manifest fiction apparently reflects a later attempt to fabricate a more illustrious and/or indigenous lineage for the Dyfed dynasty, especially as other Welsh genealogical material partially confirms the Irish descent of Triphun.&lt;ref&gt;Bartrum, ll. 45, 106&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dumville, ll. 172-93&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Miller, ll. 37-40&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Coplestone-Crow, lch. 17-18&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ó Cathasaigh, ll. 19-22&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rance, ll. 252-3, 263-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

''If the relocation of some of the &quot;Déisi&quot; to Dyfed is indeed historical, it is unclear whether it entailed a large-scale tribal migration or merely a dynastic transfer, or both as part of a multi-phase population movement.&lt;ref&gt;Coplestone-Crow, ll. 1-24&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ó Cathasaigh ll. 1-33.&lt;/ref&gt;  However this movement is characterised, scholarship has demonstrated that it cannot have taken place as early as the date implied in ''The Expulsion of the Déisi'' (i.e. shortly after the blinding of Cormac mac Airt, traditionally dated AD 265), but must have begun during the second half of the 4th century at the earliest,&lt;ref&gt;Pender (1947), ll. 206-17&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bartrum, lch. 124&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Coplestone-Crow, ll. 1-24&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ó Cathasaigh, ll. 11-12&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rance, ll. 255-6.&lt;/ref&gt; while commencement in the sub-Roman period in the early 5th century cannot be excluded.&lt;ref&gt;Miller, ll. 33-61&lt;/ref&gt;  It is further entirely possible that the historians and genealogists of the Déisi Muman were guilty of lifting these &quot;verified&quot; ancestors, who could have originally belonged to another Irish kindred entirely. Genealogical feats of this kind were famously performed by the [[Déisi Tuaiscirt|Déise Tuaiscirt]] nó [[Dál gCais]].--&gt;

==Foinsí==
* {{
cite book |title= Essai d'un catalogue de la littérature épique de l'Irlande|last= d'Arbois de Jubainville|first=Marie Henri |author-link= Marie Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville |year= 1883|publisher= Ernest Thorin|page=[https://archive.org/details/essaiduncatalog00jubagoog/page/n407 249]|url= https://archive.org/details/essaiduncatalog00jubagoog|quote= Essai d'un catalogue de la littérature épique de l'Irlande.|access-date=19 Samhain 2009
}}
* {{
cite book |title= Early Christian Ireland|last= Charles-Edwards|first=Thomas |author-link= Thomas Charles-Edwards |year= 2000|publisher= Cambridge
}}
* {{
cite journal |last1= Hull|first1=Vernam| year= 1954|title= The Book Of Uí Maine Version Of The Expulsion Of The Déssi|journal= [[Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie]] |volume= 24|issue= 1|pages= 266–271|doi= 10.1515/zcph.1954.24.1.266|s2cid=162531336
}}
* {{
cite journal |last1=Hull| first1=Vernam |year=1957–59 | title=The later version of the Expulsion of the Déssi | journal=Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie | volume=27 | pages=14–63
}}
* {{
cite journal |
last = Mac Néill |
first = Eoin |
author-link = Eoin Mac Néill |
year = 1926|
title = The Native Place of St. Patrick |
journal= Imeachtaí [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]] |
pages = 118–140 |
url=https://archive.org/details/papersirishacad00macnuoft
}}
* {{
cite journal |
last = Meyer |
first = Kuno |
author-link = Kuno Meyer|
year= 1901|
title= The Expulsion of the Dessi|
journal= Y Cymmrodor|
volume= 14|
pages= 101–135|
url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pbm3KK8EsaAC&amp;pg=PA101
}}
* {{
cite book |
last= Thornton |
first= David|
title= Kings, Chronologies, and Genealogies: Studies in the Political History of Early Medieval Ireland and Wales|
year= 2003|
url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Xw_YySYSscQC&amp;q=D%C3%A9isi+expulsion&amp;pg=PA123 |
location= Oxford|
publisher= Prosopographica et Genealogica|
isbn=1900934094
}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
*[http://www.mabinogi.net/sections/ch%204/The_Expulsion_of_the_Deisi.pdf ''Expulsion of the Déisi'' synopsis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062955/http://www.mabinogi.net/sections/ch%204/The_Expulsion_of_the_Deisi.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}, from Mac Cana, P. The Mabinogi (second edition) Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1992.

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


[[Catagóir:Scéalaíocht na Ríthe]]
[[Category:Dál gCais]]</text>
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    <title>Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt</title>
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      <text bytes="30339" sha1="nj3a59c3gfareubcdlxq8kqehdlqdm5" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:NorthernUiNeill.png|mion|Fo-ríochtaí Uí Néill agus roinnt dá gcomharsana sa dóú haois déag]]

Rítheaghligh in iardheisceart Éireann na [[meánaois]]a, a mhaígh gurbh é [[Níall Noígíallach|Niall Naoighiallach]] a sinsear, ba ea  '''Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Columba&quot;/&gt;  Ba iad na rítheaghlaigh úd ná Cineál Chonaill (''[[Cenél Conaill]]'') agus Cineál Eoghain (''[[Cenél nEógain]]''), ainmnithe as mic a mheastar le Niall: [[Conall Gulban|Conall]] agus [[Eógan mac Néill|Eoghan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Columba&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;

I dtosach báire, bhí ard-ríocht Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt faoi cheannas Chineál Chonaillits, agus aitheanta mar ''In Fochla''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/22446 1 fochla I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022072436/http://dil.ie/22446 |date=2021-10-22 }}, An Tuaisceart, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; agus An Tuaisceart (''In Tuaiscert'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey&quot;/&gt;  Tháinig níos deireanaí Chineál Eoghain i gceannas, agus glaodh Aileach (''Ailech'') ar an ríocht ansin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey&quot;/&gt;

[[Uí Néill an Deiscirt]] a glaodh ar rítheaghlaigh de shliocht Néill i lár na tíre.  Le chéile, glaodh muintir [[Uí Néill]] orthu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Columba&quot;/&gt;

== Bunúis mhiotasacha ==
Maítear i dtéacsanna meánaoiseacha Gaeilge go ndearna triúr mac Néill Naoighiallaigh — Eoghan, Conal Gulban agus Enda — i dteannta le hErc mac [[Colla Uais]], ionsaí ar iarthuaisceart nap [[Ulaidh|nUladh]] timpeall na bliana 425.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel737&quot;/&gt;  Chaill na h[[Ulaidh]] mór chuid dá gcríocha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel737&quot;/&gt;  Roinneadh na tailte idir an triúr deartháireacha mar a leanas:&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel737&quot;/&gt; lonnaigh Conal Gulban san iarthair agus tugadh an t-ainm [[Tír Chonaill]] dó; lonnaigh Eoghan sa phríomhgharinis agus tugadh an t-ainm [[Inis Eoghain]] dó; agus lonnaigh Éanna sa tuath taobh ó dheas d'Aileach, ar a glaodh ''Mag Enda''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel737&quot;/&gt;

Óir go bhfuil easpa fianaise comhaimseartha ann, tá amhrais caite ar fírinne na seanscéalta, ar tharla an ionradh úd i ndáiríre, nó ar mhuintir Uí Néill iad na hionroirí ar chor ar bith.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;

In ainneoin na n-amhras agus na gceisteanna seo, glaoitear ag staraithe 'Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt' ar mhic Néill mar a mhaítear.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;

== Bunúis stairiúla ==
Ón 8ú haois ar aghaidh, spreagtha is amhlaidh ag [[Áed Allán|Aodh Alan]], [[rí na Teamhrach]] de Chineál Eoghain, agus [[Congus]], [[Ardeaspag Ard Mhacha]], chruthaigh staraithe Éireannacha bolscaireacht chun cumhacht Uí Néill agus ardcheannas [[Ard Mhacha]] a dhaingniú.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey2&quot;/&gt;  Ath-scríobhadh ar ais nó ar éigean ginealaigh, ríliostaí agus luath-annála, chun príomhcheannas an status quo a rianú siar go dtí an 5ú haois réamhstairiúil.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey2&quot;/&gt;  I dteannta sin, bronnadh sinsearacht Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt ar dhá dhream déag, go garbh, agus Cineál Conaill agus Cineál Eoghain is ceannasaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey2&quot;/&gt;

Faoin 13ú haois, bhí Cineál Conaill i gceannas i nDún na nGall, agus scríobh siad a gcuid staire féin le hábhar ann ó athbhreithnithe níos luaite.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey2&quot;/&gt;  Insítear sa scéal ''[[Eachtra Conaill Gulbain]]'',&lt;ref name=&quot;vanhamel&quot;/&gt; conas ar tháinig Niall Naoighiallach as na [[Connachta]] amach, a ndearnadh sé ionsaí ar iarthuaisceart na nUlad&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardonpg14&quot;/&gt; ag cloí an treibh dúchais, [[Dál Fiatach|Dál Fhiatach]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardonpg14&quot;/&gt; agus ar bhunaigh siad ríochtaí nua ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardonpg14&quot;/&gt;

Tarraingíonn mionstaidéar ar seandálaíocht, logainmneacha, sinsearachtaí máthartha, naomh-sheanchais agus ginealaigh ceist i dtaobh bhunús Cineál Conaill.  Moltar anois gur géag desna [[Cruithne]] iad, nasctha le h[[Uí Echach Cobo|Uí Eachach Chobha]] agus [[Conaille Muirtheimne|Conaille Muirtheimhne]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey2&quot;/&gt;

De réir taighde [[DNA|ADN]] a rinneadh le gairid ar sliochtaigh an dá chineál, tá sinsear coiteann acu a mhair timpeall 1,730 bliain ó shin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey2&quot;/&gt;  Tá Niall Naoighiallach curtha as an áireamh an staraí, [[Brian Lacey]] mar an sinsear seo, agus molann sé féidireachtaí eile, mar shampla: ''Cana mac Luigdech Lámfhata'', ceannaire Dhál Fhiatach de ''Sentúatha Ulaid''; Echu Doimlén, athair [[Colla Uais|Cholla Uais]]; nó b'fhéidir tiarna Chruithne anaithnid.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey&quot;/&gt;

== Na Cineáil ==
Tugadh an t-ainm Tír Chonaill ar chríocha Chineál Chonaill.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;  Sa 16ú haois, chruthófaí Contae Dhún na nGael agus an Tír mar bhunús.  Glaodh Inis Eoghain ar chríocha Chineál Eoghain, agus tugadh an teideal [[ríthe Ailigh|rí Ailigh]] dá ríthe, ainmnithe as a bpríomhionad [[Grianán Ailigh]] ag bun na Inse.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt; 

Bhí Cineál Chonaill i gceannas&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey&quot;/&gt; ón 6ú haois go dtí timpeall lár na 8ú haoise.&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval490&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Columba&quot;/&gt;  Sa bhliain 734, chuir [[Áed Allán|Aodh Allán]], rí Cineál Eoghain, iachall ar rí Chineál Chonaill, Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt, Uí Néill agus[[Ardrí na hÉireann]] [[Flaithbertach mac Loingsig|Flaithbheartach mac Loingsigh]] éirí as a choróin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval490&quot;/&gt;  As sin amach, ní dhéanfaí choiche rí Uí Néill de dhuine de Chineál Chonaill.&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval490&quot;/&gt;  Thosaigh ansin an nós inar dáileadh ríogacht Teamhrach idir sthis Cineál Eoghain agus [[Clann Cholmáin]] de mhuintir [[Uí Néill an Deiscirt]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval490&quot;/&gt;

Dar le h[[Annála Uladh]], sa bhliain 788, dhóigh Cineál Eoghain mainistir [[Doire|Dhoire]], tógtha ag Cinneadh Chonaill sa 6ú haois.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey&quot;/&gt;  An bhliain dár gcionn, tharla [[Cath Cloítech]] idir Cineál Chonaill agus Cineál Eoghain faoi cheannas [[Áed Oirdnide|Audi Oirdní]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey&quot;/&gt;  Bhuaigh Cineál Eoghain, agus as sin amach ní dhéanfaí rí Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt de dhuine de Chineál Chonaill.  Cuireadh an ruaig orthu as [[Mag nÍtha]] fosta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey&quot;/&gt;  Tar éis an chatha seo, tugadh an t-ainm &quot;Aileach&quot; in ionad &quot;An Fochla&quot; nó &quot;An Tuaisceart&quot; ar an ríocht.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosgrove&quot;/&gt;

== Ceansú na nOiriall ==
I dtosach, bhí leisce ar Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt dul i ngleic le cumhacht na ríochtaí níos láidre amhail is na h[[Ulaid]], na h[[Oirialla]], agus na fiú an mionríocht, na [[Ciannachta]].  In am trátha, ámh, chloífidís agus thiocfaidís i dtreis i gcuid is mó den chúige.&lt;ref name=&quot;True&quot;/&gt;

Agus iad á mbrú ag Cineál Chonaill ón iarthar,&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosgrove&quot;/&gt; chuaigh Cineál Eoghain ó dheas as Inis Eoghain agus trasna [[An Feabhal|an Fheabhail]] i gcontaetha [[Contae Dhoire|Doire]] agus [[Contae Thír Eoghain|Tír Eoghain]] isteach.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;  Ríocht na nOiriall i lár na nUladh, chomh maith le na hUlaid féin níos faide soir, a bhí thíos leis na heachtraí seo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosgrove&quot;/&gt;  I dtosach faoi cheannas na nUlad,&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt; cónaidhm naoi ríocht ba ea na hOirialla,&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Connolly12&quot;/&gt; agus moltar gurbh as sin a bhain &quot;Niall Naoighiallach&quot; a bhua ainm amach.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;  Chloígh [[Niall Caille]] mac [[Aodh Oirdní|Aodha Oirdní]] chomhairm na nOiriall agus na nUlad i g[[Cath Leth Cam]] sa bhliain 827.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardonpg14&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval490&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf24&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval12&quot;/&gt;

Le linn na 10ú haoise, lonnaigh géag de Chineál Eoghain, darbh ainm ''Cenél mBinnig'', sa cheantar that timpeall [[Tulach Óg|Tulaigh Óig]], suíomh insealbhaithe na Oiriall, is amhlaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval12&quot;/&gt;  B'éigean disa hOirialla bogadh ó dheas dá bharr.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;  Faoin 11ú haois, bhí a ríchathaoir bogtha ag Cineál Eoghain ó Aileach go dtí an suíomh seo, is dócha de bharr tábhacht an tsuímh.&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval12&quot;/&gt;  Ba é [[Áed Ua Néill|Aodh Ó Néill]] an chéad rí de Chineál Eoghain a insealbhaíodh ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval12&quot;/&gt;  In ainneoin seo, bheadh Aileach inaitheanta leis an gCineál le tamall fada i ndiaidh sin.&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval490&quot;/&gt;

I measc chlanna Chineál Eoghain agus a gconcais, bhí a leanas:&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosgrove&quot;/&gt;
* [[Mhic Cathmhaoil]] de Chineál Fearadhaigh, a ghabh [[Clochar, Contae Thír Eoghain|Clochar]], príomhionad iarthar na nOiriall.
* [[Mhic Cana]] de Chineál Aonghasa, a lonnaigh i dtuaisceart [[Contae Ard Mhacha|Chontae Ard Mhacha]].
* [[Uí Chatháin]], a chloígh na Ciannachta
* Uí Néill ([[clann Uí Néill]]) a tháinig chun cinn taobh thiar de [[Loch nEathach]] i gcríocha [[Uí Thoirtre]], á lonnú sa suíomh ársa, Dún Tulaigh Óig.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosgrove&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SJC&quot;/&gt;
* Bhí ''Uí Fiachrach Arda Strath'', suite taobh ó dheas de ''Mag nÍtha'', fís faoi cheannas [[Ua Chríocháin]] na nOiriall, ach tháinig sí faoi smacht Ailigh.  Faoin 12ú haois, bhí suas lonnaithe freisin i [[Lorg]], [[Contae Fhear Manach]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosgrove&quot;/&gt;
* Siar ó dheas uathu, bhunaigh Cineál Eoghain ríocht Cairbre Dhroma Chléibh (''Cairpre Dromma Cliab'') i g[[Contae Shligigh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosgrove&quot;/&gt;

In dteannta lena mbuanna, chaill Cineál Eoghain roinnt tailte.  Chuir [[Uí Dhochartaigh]], a bhí tagtha chun cinn i dTír Conaill, an ruaig sa deireadh ar orthu as Inis Eoghain féin.  Chuir [[Uí Dhomhnaill]] clann [[Uí Gairmleadhaigh]] de ''Cenél Móen'' as Maigh Íotha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosgrove&quot;/&gt;  Tháinig Fír Loirg agus Tuatha Ratha faoi cheannas [[Mag Uidhir|Mhic]],  [[Fir Manach]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosgrove&quot;/&gt;  Agus cailleadh Cairbre Droma Chléibh, clóite ag [[Tigernán Ua Ruairc|Tiarnán Ó Ruairc]], rí [[Bréifne|Bhréifne]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosgrove&quot;/&gt;

Tháinig eaglais Ard Mhacha, a mhaígh ardcheannas ar Éirinn, faoi thionchar Cineál Eoghain a bhuí a leathadh i gcríocha na nOiriall isteach.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;  I dteannta lena bolscaireacht, rinne Ard Mhacha Cineál Eoghain a chur ar aghaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;/&gt;

== Lochlannaigh ==
Le linn na 9ú haoise, rinne [[Lochlannaigh]] ruathair ar imeallbhord Ailigh agus na hUlaid araon.  I rith na 850í, bhí ríthe an tuaiscirt in ann teacht aniar a bhuí le easaontas i measc na Lochlannach, agus chloígh siad go holc iad.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardonpg26-7&quot;/&gt;  Sa deireadh thiar, sa bhliain 866 chuir rí Ailigh, [[Áed Findliath|Aodh Fionnliath]], an ruaig ar an Lochlannaigh as a gcuid longfort &quot;sa tuaisceart, idir Chineál Eoghain agus [[Dál nAraidi|Dhál Araí]]&quot;, agus bhuaigh sé cath i [[Loch Feabhail]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardonpg26-7&quot;/&gt;

Bua suntasach ba é seo, óir gur lig na Lochlannaigh sin cheantar, idir Aileach agus Uaidh, leis na blianta i ndiaidh sin, agus beag a dtionchar ann i gcomparáid leis an gcuid eile den tír.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardonpg26-7&quot;/&gt;  Faoi theacht na Normannaigh sa dara leath den 12ú haois, ní raibh ach longfort tábhachtach Lochlannach amháin ann, &quot;Áth Ulfrek&quot; ([[Latharna]] an lae inniu).&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardonpg26-7&quot;/&gt;

== Normannaigh ==
''Le déanamh

== Grianán Ailigh ==
Tá sé mollta go raibh Dún Grianáin suite laistigh de chríocha Chineál Chonaill, agus gur athainmnigh ríthe Cineál Eoghain é as a gcríocha dúchais féin, Grianán Ailigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey&quot;/&gt;  De ghnáth, an é ceart nó mícheart,deirtear gur phríomhionad an Chineáil a bhí ann ón 6ú haois ar aghaidh, go dtí gur scrios [[Muircheartach Ua Briain]], rí na [[Mumhain|Mumhan]] é sa bhliain 1101.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval12&quot;/&gt;

[[Íomhá:Griahan of aileach.jpg|220px|mion|Radharc ar [[Grianán Ailigh|Ghrianán Ailigh]] suite i g[[Contae Dhún na nGall]], [[Éire]], dún ríoga Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt,{{coord|55.023386|N|7.428509|W}}]]

== Ginealach Cineál Chonaill ==
{{Glanadh-mar|an chraobh ginealaigh thíos}}
{{príomhalt|Cenél Conaill}}
Seo a leanas craobh ghinealaigh Chineál Chonaill, ó [[Níall Noígíallach|Niall Naoighiallach]] ar aghaidh, le pearsanra as an mbéaloideas go dtí an 8ú haois, nuair a thosaíonn an ré ceart stairiúil in Éirinn.

{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree ||||||||||||| ||Niall|Niall=[[Niall Noígíallach]]}}
{{familytree |||||||||| |||| | |D|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~}}
{{familytree |||||||||| |||| |Conall| |Eogain| |Enda|Conall=[[Conall Gulban]]|Eogain=[[Eógan mac Néill]]|Enda=Enda}}
{{familytree |||||||||| |||| | |:| | | |:| | | |:|}}
{{familytree |||||||||| |||| | |:| | |Eogain| |Enda||Eogain=''Cenél nEógain''|Enda=''Cenél Enda''}}
{{familytree |||||||||| |||| | |:| | | | | | }}
{{familytree |||||||||| |||| | |D|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|~|7}}
{{familytree |||||||||| |||| |Fergus| |Doi| | |Enna|Fergus=Fergus Cennfota|Doi=Doi&lt;br/&gt;''(Cenél nDuach)''|Enna=Enna Bogaine&lt;br/&gt;''(Cenél mBogaine)''}}
{{familytree ||||||| |||| |||| |:| | | |:| | | | |:|}}
{{familytree ||||||| |||| |||| |:| | |Ninnid| | |Melge|Ninnid=Ninnid|Melge=Melge}}
{{familytree ||||||| |||| |||| |:| | | |:| | | | |:| }}
{{familytree ||||||| |||| |||| |:| | |Baetan| | |Brandub|Baetan=Baetan|Brandub=Brandub}}
{{familytree ||||||| |||| |||| |:| | | | | | | | |:| }}
{{familytree ||| |F|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|C| | || | | | | |:| }}
{{familytree |||Ninnid Liath mac Ferguso|||Brénainn mac Ferguso||Setna||Feidlimid| | | ||| |Anaithnid|Ninnid Liath mac Ferguso=Ninnid Liath mac Ferguso|Brénainn mac Ferguso=Brénainn mac Ferguso|Setna=Sétna mac Ferguso|Feidlimid=Fedilmid mac Ferguso|Anaithnid=?}}
{{familytree |||D|~|7||||:||| |C| | | |D|~|~|~|7| | | |:| }}
{{familytree |Dauí||Feradach||Baithene| |Columb| |Eoghan| |Columba| |Feradach=Feradach|Dauí=Dauí|Baithene=[[Baithéne mac Brénaind]]|Columb=Columb|Eoghan=Eoghan|Columba=[[Columb Cille]]|Garban|Garban=Garban}}
{{familytree |:||||D|~|~|~|7| ||| |:| | | |:| | | | | | |:| }}
{{familytree |Amolgad||Lasrén mac Feradaig||Fiachra| |Áed||Freel| ||| | |Amolgad=Amolgad|Fiachra=Fiachra|Lasrén mac Feradaig=[[Lasrén mac Feradaig]]|Áed=Áed|Sechnasach|Freel=O'Freel|Sechnasach=Sechnasach&lt;br/&gt;(Rí Cenél mBogaine}}
{{familytree |:||||||F|~|~|~|C||| |:| |  | | | | | | | | |:| }}
{{familytree |Pipan||Ernán||Ségéne mac Fiachnaí|| |Tinne| | | | | | |Ségéne mac Fiachnaí=[[Ségéne mac Fiachnaí]]|Ernán=Ernán|Pipan=Pipan|Tinne=Tinne}}
{{familytree |:||| |:||||||||| |:| | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |Fáilbe mac Pípáin||Cumméne Find| ||||| |Rónán| | | | | | |Cumméne Find=[[Cumméne Find]]|Fáilbe mac Pípáin=[[Fáilbe mac Pípáin]]|Rónán=Rónán}}
{{familytree |||||| ||||||| |:| | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |||||| ||||||| |Adomnán| | | | | | |Adomnán=[[Adomnán]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

    !        !                                     !
    !     O'Freel                                  !
    !                                              !
    |_______________________________               |______________
    |                     |        |               |             |
    |                     |        |               |             |
    Ainmire, died [[569 in Ireland|569]] Colum Lugaid Mael Tuile Bresal, died [[644 in Ireland|644]]
    Ri of Ireland
    |                              |               |
    |                              |               |
    |                       [[Cenél Lugdach]] Dungal, Rí Cenél mBogaine, died [[672 in Ireland|672]]
    |                              |               |
    |                              |               |______________
    |                            Ronan             |            |
    |                              |               |            |
    |                              |               Sechnasach Dub Diberg, died [[703 in Ireland|703]]
    |                            Garb              |            |
    |                              |               ?            |
    |                              |               |            Flaithgus, died [[732 in Ireland|732]]
    |                              |           Forbasach        |
    |                              |       Rí Cenél mBogaine    ?
    |                          Cen Faelad died 722            |
    |                              |                            Rogaillnech, died 815
    |       _______________________|
    |       |                      |
    |       |                      |
    |       Mael Duin Fiaman       | 
    |       |                      |
    |       ?                      ?
    |       |                      |
    |       Airnelach Maenguile    |
    |       |                      |
    |       |                      |
    |       |                      |
    |       |                      |
    |       Cen Faelad         Dochartach
    |       |               ([[Clann Ua Dochartaig]])
    |       |
    |       |____________________________________________
    |       |                                           |
    |       |                                           |
    |       Dalach, 'Dux' Cenél Conaill, died 870.   Bradagain
    |       |                                           |
    |       |                                           |
    |       Eicnecan, Rí Cenél Conaill, died 906.    Baigill
    |       |                                     ([[O'Boyle Donegal|Clann Ua Baighill]])
    |       |
    |       |_______________________________________________________________________
    |       |   |        |          |                   |                          |
    |       |   |        |          |                   |                          |
    |      two sons    Flann     Adlann             Domnall Mor                Conchobar
    |died 956 &amp; 962.             Abbot of Derry  ([[O'Donnell dynasty|Clann Ua Domnaill]]
    |                            died 950.          Kings of Cenel Conaill after 1270 a.d.)
    |
    |_______________________
    |                  |
    |                  |
    [[Áed mac Ainmuirech|Áed]], died [[598 in Ireland|598]] Ciaran
    |                  |
    |                  |
    |                  Fiachra, founder of [[Derry]], died [[620 in Ireland|620]].
    |
    |__________________________________________________________
    |                      |           |                      |
    |                      |           |                      |
    [[Domnall mac Áedo|Domnall]], died [[642 in Ireland|642]] Conall Cu Mael Cobo, died [[615 in Ireland|615]] Cumuscach, died [[597 in Ireland|597]]
    High King died 704 High King of Ireland    |
    of Ireland                         |____________
    |                                  |            |
    |                                  |            |
    |                                Cellach Conall Cael
    |                                  |  both died [[658 in Ireland|658]]/[[664 in Ireland|664]]
    |                                  |
    |                             ([[Gallagher (surname)|Clann Ua Gallchobair]])
    |
    |
    |_____________________________________________________________________________
    |                      |           |           |                |             !
    |                      |           |           |                |             !
    Oengus, died [[650 in Ireland|650]] Conall Colgu Ailill Flannesda       Fergus Fanad
    |                   died [[663 in Ireland|663]] died 663 died [[666 in Ireland|666]] died [[654 in Ireland|654]]
    |                                                                             !
    !                                                                             !
    !                                                                             !
    |                                                                             |
    |                                                                    Congal Cenn Magair
    |                                                                  died [[710 in Ireland|710]]
    |                                                                   High King of Ireland
    |                                                                             !
    |                                                        _____________________|_______
    |                                                        |         |                 |
    |                                                        |         |                 |
    |                                                     Donngal Flann Gohan Conaig
    |                                                   died [[731 in Ireland|731]] died [[732 in Ireland|732]] died [[733 in Ireland|733]]
    !                                                            !
    !                                                            !
    |                                                       O'Breslin-Fanat
    Loingsech, died 703
    High King of Ireland
    |
    |_____________________________________________________________________
    |                                |                    |      |      |
    |                                |                    |      |      |
    Flaithbertach, deposed [[734 in Ireland|734]].  Fergus, died [[707 in Ireland|707]] three other sons, all killed 703
    |
    |_______________________________________________________________________
    |                                                 |                  |
    |                                                 |                  |
    Aed Muinderg, Ri in Tuisceart, died [[747 in Ireland|747]].     Loingsech Murchad
    |                                           Rí Cenél Conaill Rí Cenél Conaill
    |_______________ died [[754 in Ireland|754]] died [[767 in Ireland|767]]
    |              |                                                     |
    |              |                                                     |
    Domnall Donnchad Mael Bresail
   died 804 fl. [[784 in Ireland|784]] Rí Cenél Conaill
    |                                                                died 767
    |                                                                     |
    Flaithbertach                                                         |
    |                                                                   Oengus
    |                                                                     |
    Canannan                                                              |
(Ua Canannain) Mael Doraid                                         (Ua Maildoraid)
  Rí Cenél Conaill                                                        |
                                                                   _______|_______
                                                                  |               |
                                                                  |               |
                                                              Fogartach       Mael Bresail
                                                          Rí Cenél Conaill  Rí Cenél Conaill
                                                              died 904         died 901

Clanna suntasacha Cineál Chonaill ba ea [[Uí Dhomhnaill]] agus [[Uí Dhochartaigh]].  [[Colm Cille]] ba ea duine cáiliúla an Chineáil, a maíodh gur gharmhac Chonaill Gulbain é, agus a bhunaigh mainistir [[Doire|Dhoire]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Columba&quot;/&gt;

== Ginealach Cineál Eoghain ==
Seo a leanas craobh ghinealaigh is a Cineál Eoghain, ón rí [[Fergal mac Máele Dúin|Fearghal mac Maoil Dúin]], an chéad den rítheaghlach a fheictear sna taifid stairiúla.

{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree|Fergal|Fergal=''Fergal mac Máele Dúin''}}
{{familytree| |)|-|-|-|-|.}}
{{familytree|Áed|||Niall|Áed=''[[Áed Allán]]''|Niall=''[[Niall Frossach]]''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | |!}}
{{familytree|Mael|||Áed|Mael=''[[Máel Dúin mac Áedo Alláin|Máel Dúin]]''|Áed=''[[Áed Oirdnide]]''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.}}
{{familytree|Murchad| | |Niall| | | | | | | |Mael|Murchad=''[[Murchad mac Máele Dúin|Murchad]]''|Niall=''[[Niall Caille]]''|Mael=''[[Máel Dúin mac Áeda|Máel Dúin]]''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | | |!}}
{{familytree|Aed| | | | | | | |Flaithbertach| | |Murchad|Aed=''[[Áed Findliath]]''|Flaithbertach=Flaithbertach|Murchad=''Murchad''}}
{{familytree| |)|-|-|-|-|.| | | | |!| | | | |!}}
{{familytree|Domnall| | |Niall| | |Ualgarg | | |Flaithbertach|Domnall=''Domnall''|Niall=''[[Niall Glúndub]]''|Ualgarg=Ualgarg|Flaithbertach=''Flaithbertach''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | |!| | | | |!}}
{{familytree| |!| | | |FT| | |Aed|FT=(féach thíos)|Aed=''[[Aed Ua hUalgairg]]''|boxstyle_SB=border:none}}
{{familytree| |)|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|.}}
{{familytree|Conchobar| | |Fergal| | |Flaithbertach| | |Flann|Conchobar=Conchobar|Fergal=''Fergal''|Flaithbertach=''Flaithbertach''|Flann=Flann}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | |!| | | | |!}}
{{familytree| |!| | | |XX| | |Mael|Mael=Mael Ruanaid|XX=?}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | |!| | | | |`|-|-|-|-|.}}
{{familytree| |!| | | |Murchad| | | | | | | |Mael|Murchad=''[[Murchad Glun re Lar]]''|Mael=Mael Sechnaill}}
{{familytree| |)|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|.| | | | |)|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree|Flaithbertach|||Tadg|||Conn|||Niall|||Lochlainn|Flaithbertach=Flaithbertach|Tadg=Tadg|Conn=Conn|Niall=''Niall''|Lochlainn=Lochlainn}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|(}}
{{familytree| | | | | |Domnall|||Aed|||Donnchad|Domnall=''Domnall''|Aed=''Aed''|Donnchad=''Donnchad''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree|FT|FT=(féach thuas)|boxstyle_SA=border:none}}
{{familytree| |!| }}
{{familytree|Niall|Niall=''[[Niall Glúndub]]''}}
{{familytree| |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree|Muirchertach||||||||Conaig|Muirchertach=''[[Muirchertach mac Néill]]''|Conaig=Conaig}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | | | | | |!}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | | | | |Domnall|Domnall=Domnall}}
{{familytree| |)|-|-|-|-|.| | | | |!}}
{{familytree|Flaithbertach|||Domnall|||Fergal|Flaithbertach=''[[Flaithbertach]]''|Domnall=''[[Domnall ua Néill]]''|Fergal=''[[Fergal ua Ruairc|Fergal]]''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree|Muiredach|||Aed|||Muirchertach|Muiredach=Muiredach|Aed=''Aed''|Muirchertach=Muirchertach}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree|Lochlainn||||||||Flaithbertach|Lochlainn=Lochlainn|Flaithbertach=''[[Flaithbertach Ua Néill]]''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | |Aed|Aed=''Aed''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | |Aed|Aed=''[[Áed in Macáem Tóinlesc|Aed in Macaem Toinlesc&lt;br /&gt;Ua Neill]]''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|(| }}
{{familytree| | | | | |Aed|||Niall|Aed=''[[Aed Meith]]''|Niall=Niall Ruad}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |!| | | | |!| }}
{{familytree| | | | | |Aed2|||Niall2|Aed2=...|Niall2=...}}
{{familytree/end}}

Clanna suntasacha Chineál Eoghain ba ea [[Clann Uí Néill]] agus [[Mhic Lachlainn]].  Chloígh Uí Néill Mhic Lachlainn sa bhliain 1241, agus tháinig siadsan i gceannas an Chineáil.

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Ríthe Ailigh]]
* [[Oirialla]]
* [[Ulaid]]

==Foinsí==
* {{
cite book |
first=Jonathan|last=Bardon|year=2005|title=A History of Ulster|publisher=The Blackstaff Press|isbn=0-85640-764-X|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofulster00jona
}}
* {{
cite book |
author=Byrne, Martin, Moody|year=1984|title=Northern Ui Neill: Cenel nEogain Kings of Ailech and High Kings 700–1083|page=128|work=A New History of Ireland, imleabhar IX|isbn=9780198217459
}}
* {{
cite book |
editor=Connolly, S.J.|year=2007|title=Oxford Companion to Irish History| url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_j7r4|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-923483-7
}}
* {{
cite book |
editor=Cosgrove, Art|year=2008|title=A New History of Ireland, imleabhar II: Medieval Ireland 1169-1534|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-019-953970-3
}}
* {{
cite book |
url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2Ol_XFFH_oC&amp;pg=PA234&amp;lpg=PA234&amp;dq=cenel+enda#q=cenel%20enda |title=The True Origins of Irish Society |author=Desmond Keenan |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |year=2004|isbn=9781465318695
}}
* {{
cite book |
first=Seán|last=Duffy|year=2014|title=Brian Boru and the Battle of Clontarf|publisher=Gill &amp; Macmillan|isbn=978-0-7171-6207-9
}}
* {{
cite book |last=Lacey|first=Brian|year=2003|title=The Grianan of Ailech - a note on its identification
}}
* {{
cite book |first=Brian|last=Lacey|year=2006|title=Cenel Conaill and the Donegal Kingdoms, AD 500-800|publisher=Four Courts Press, Dublin|isbn=978-1-85182-978-1}}
* {{
cite book |
last=Schlegel|first=Donald M.|year=2002|title=Reweaving the Tapestry of Ancient Ulster|publisher= Clogher Record
}}
* {{
cite journal |
last=Gleeson |first=Patrick |date=16 June 2017 |title=Luigne Breg and the origins of the Uí Néill |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature |volume=117C |pages=65–99 |doi=10.3318/priac.2017.117.04
}}

==Tagairtí==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf21&quot;&gt;Duffy (2004), ll. 21-3.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Clontarf24&quot;&gt;Duffy (2004), ll. 24-6.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey&quot;&gt;Lacey (2003), ll. 145-9.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacey2&quot;&gt;Lacey (2006), lch. 351.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Columba&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7yFjie05bcC&amp;pg=PT30&amp;lpg=PT30&amp;dq=Cen%C3%A9l+%C3%89nda#q=Cen%C3%A9l%20%C3%89nda |access-date=26 April 2015 |title=Life of St. Columba |author=Adomnan of Iona |date=23 Feabhra 1995 |publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=9780141907413 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;True&quot;&gt;Keenan, lch. 234.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosgrove&quot;&gt;Cosgrove&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardonpg14&quot;&gt;Bardon, lch. 14.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardonpg26-7&quot;&gt;Bardon, ll. 26-7.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;SJC&quot;&gt;Connolly, ll. 584-5.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;vanhamel&quot;&gt;{{
lua idirlín |
url = http://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Eachtra_Conaill_Gulbain |
dátarochtana = 27ú Iúil 2015 |
teideal = Eachtra Conaill Gulbain,  |
údar = The A.G. van Hamel Foundation for Celtic Studies
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel737&quot;&gt;Schlegel, ll. 737-8.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval12&quot;&gt;Duffy (2005), lch. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;DuffyMedieval490&quot;&gt;Duffy (2005), ll. 490-1.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Connolly12&quot;&gt;Connolly, lch. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Uí Néill}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ui Neill an Tuaiscirt}}
[[Catagóir:Uí Néill]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uraicecht Becc</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>97061</id>
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      <text bytes="2388" sha1="btwasqz77ykfwgncfzmgkh5hkd993m3" xml:space="preserve">{{Teideal iodálach}}

Dréacht dlí [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] maidir le céimíocht is ea '''''Uraicecht Becc''''' (nó Bunleabhar Beag). Molann T.M. Charles-Edwards gurbh as an Mumhain é, toisc go maítear an ardcheannas rí Mumhan agus go ndéantar trácht ar mhainistreacha [[Imleach, Contae Thiobraid Árann|Imligh]] agus [[Corcaigh|Chorcaí]].&lt;ref&gt;T.M. Charles-Edwards, &quot;Early Irish law,&quot; ''A New History of Ireland'', lch. 347.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Céimíocht ==
I gcomparáid le dréachtaí eile, tá ag an bunleabhar seo réimse leathan cumhdaigh ó thaobh ghairmeacha de, san áireamh ní amháin ríthe, chléirigh agus filí, ach i dteannta sin gairmeacha éagsúla eile, breithimh san áireamh. Tá áfach níos lú mionsonra le fáil ann.&lt;ref&gt;Liam Breatnach, ''A Companion to the Corpus Iuris Hibernici'', ll. 316-7.&lt;/ref&gt;  

Tugtar sa Bhunleabhar sonraí maidir le stádas na bhFilí i measc na nGael. Faightear liosta de sheacht gcéim na bhFilí, agus san áireamh a gcuid airgead oinigh, agus céard is féidir leo a thuilleamh le haghaidh a gcuid meadarachta.

== Sanasaíocht ==
Leagan is ea ''uraicecht'' den fhocal ''airaiccecht'', ''air-'' (iar- réamh-) + ''aiccecht'' ((ai)ceacht, teagasc, múineadh), fréamhaithe ón [[Laidin]] ''acceptum'', bunleabhar&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/754 aiccecht] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128215101/http://dil.ie/754 |date=2019-11-28 }}, ceacht, ar eDIL; [http://dil.ie/1587 airaiccecht] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128215158/http://dil.ie/1587 |date=2019-11-28 }}, iar-cheacht, chéad cheacht, bunleabhar.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Eagrán ==
* Binchy, D. ''[[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]]'', 634–655, 1590–1618,  2255–2282, 2318–2335.

== Féach freisin==
* [[An Féineachas]]

== Foinsí ==
* Binchy, D. “The date and provenance of ''Uraicecht becc''.” ''[[Ériu (iriseán)|Ériu]]'' 18 (1958), ll. 44–54.
* Henry, P.L. “A Note on the Brehon Law Tracts of Procedure and Status, ''Coic Conara fugill'' and ''Uraicecht Becc''.” [[Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie]] 49 (1997), ll. 311–9.
* [[Eoin Mac Néill| Mac Neill, Eoin]]. ''Celtic Ireland''. Baile Átha Cliath, 1921. 
* &amp;mdash;. &quot;Ancient Irish Law: the law of status or franchise.&quot; Imeachtaí [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]] 36 C (1923), ll. 265–316: 272–91.

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}

{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}

[[Catagóir:An Féineachas]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uraicecht na Ríar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>97128</id>
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      <id>1331724</id>
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      <text bytes="1042" sha1="f857kbmxfze3ucdgnste2c34lwlfhl3" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- dréacht Nemid, an ea? --&gt;
Dréacht an Fhéineachais maidir le stádas na [[file|bhFilí]] is ea '''Bunachar na  Riar''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Uraicecht&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/1587 airaiccecht] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128215158/http://dil.ie/1587 |date=2019-11-28 }}, iar-(ai)ceacht, bunleabhar, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; na Ríar'''), na céimeanna mar a bhí: ''[[ollamh|ollam]], [[anrúth]], clí, cano, dos, macfhuirmid'' agus ''fochloc''.  Faightear ann eolas maidir le tuarastal de réir céime, agus i dteannta sin eolas ar cheird na filíochta.  Mínítear ann fosta an difríocht idir 'file' agus '[[bard]]'.&lt;ref&gt;Breatnach (1987)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Foinsí ==
* {{
cite book |
last = Breatnach |
first = Liam |
title = Uraicecht na Ríar: the poetic grades in early Irish law |
date = 1987 |
publisher = [[Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath]] |
isbn = 9780901282897
}}

* [https://codecs.vanhamel.nl/Special:Redirect/page/507 Uraicecht na ríar] ar [[CODECS]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


[[Catagóir:An Féineachas]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tochmarc Becfola</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>97205</id>
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      <id>1331713</id>
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      <text bytes="2709" sha1="jdqej5ezv9hfxwrrlqi9hzuhkn7bgh1" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad}}

I [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], scéal de chuid [[Scéalaíocht na Ríthe]] is ea '''Tochmharc Beagfholaidh''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Tochmarc Becfola'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/23041 2 fola, fala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031210015/https://dil.ie/23041 |date=2023-10-31 }}, fala, doicheall, miocais; [http://dil.ie/23188 folud] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312070142/http://www.dil.ie/23188 |date=2022-03-12 }}, [https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/foladh foladh&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; 2.], maoin, airnéis; ar eDIL agus teanglann FGB&lt;/ref&gt;).  Caomhnaítear an leagan is sine i [[Leabhar Buí Leacáin]], agus leagan eile i lámhscríbhinn de chuid na 16ú haoise.

== Scéal ==
Tá [[Ardrí na hÉireann]], Diarmaid mac Aodha Sláine, i mbun seilge leis an tiarna, Criomhthann.  Feiceann siad síog ag teacht as a ''[[Sídh]]''.  Titeann an rí i ngrá léi agus tugann sé í abhaile chuig [[Teamhair|Teamhraigh]]. ''Da die Frau jede Auskunft verweigert'', tugann sé an t-ainm ''Becfola'' (beag-fala nó -foladh, is é sin a rá, gan spré) di agus pósann sé í.  Tá sise i ngrá le Criomhthann ámh, agus ealaíon na leannáin.  Sa choill, cuireann síofraí ''Becfola'' amú agus is ar éigin go n-éiríonn léi mic tíre ar a tóir a éalú.  Agus í lag leis an ocras, buaileann sí le fear rúndiamhair, a thógann í chuig oileán, ach tógann sé ansin ''Becfola'' ar ais chuig Teamhraigh.

Lena linn seo ámh, níl aon am dulta thart, agus níl sé tugtha faoi ndeara go raibh sí as láthair.  Socraíonn sí fanacht le Diarmaid, ach tagann manach go Teamhair agus deir sé go bhfaca sé i le fear eile ar an oileán agus cuireann sé go poiblí adhaltranas ina leith.  Admhaíonn sí go bhfuil siad ciontach agus fágann sé Teamhair go deo.

Tá an rí sa scéal seo bunaithe ar an rí stairiúil, [[Diarmait mac Áedo Sláine|Diarmaid mac Aodha Sláine]].  Feictear é fosta sa scéal ''[[Scéla Cano meic Gartnáin]]''.  Bhí sé i réim lena dheartháir ''Bláthnat'' ón  mbliain 642 go dtí 664.

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]]

== Foinsí ==
* [[Bernhard Maier]], ''Lexikon der keltischen Religion und Kultur''. Kröner, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-520-46601-5.

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=RprApsda__4C&amp;pg=PA172&amp;dq=Tochmarc+Becfola&amp;hl=de&amp;ei=e4adTe_0Nsrxsgby3rCiBA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Irish manuscript series]'', 1, Cuid&amp;nbsp;1, The Academy, 1870, ll.&amp;nbsp;172&amp;nbsp;ff.
* [https://codecs.vanhamel.nl/Tochmarc_Becfola Tochmarc Becfola] ar CODECS

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


[[Catagóir:Tochmarc|Beagfholadh]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Éraic</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>97312</id>
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      <text bytes="1835" sha1="53styr45oaz2x9wqllvztzcexja9584" xml:space="preserve">San [[An Féineachas|Fhéineachas]], cáin nó cúiteamh ba ea '''éraic''' (nó ''éric''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/20279 éric, éraic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305183041/http://dil.ie/20279 |date=2021-03-05 }} ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;; Gaeilge an lae inniu: ''éiric''&lt;ref name='FGB'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/%E9iric|title=Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla (Ó Dónaill): éiric|editor=[[Niall Ó Dónaill]], eag.|year=1977|publisher=[[An Gúm]]|location=[[Baile Átha Cliath]]|isbn=978-1857910384|access-date=2023-07-01|language=ga|work=Teanglann.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt;) le haghaidh dúnmharaithe nó mórchoireanna eile.  B'ionann é as [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] agus [[galanas]] as [[Breatnais]] agus [[weregild]] as [[Angla-Shacsainis]] agus [[Lochlainnis]].  Mhair an téarma mar 'éiric' go dtí an séú haois déag, ach faoin am sin, ag baint ach amháin le cúiteamh as marú duine Éireannaigh.  Dá n-éalódh an t-ionsaitheoir, ba chóir dá mhuintir an éiric a íoc.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wake1878&quot;&gt;{{
cite book |
author = Charles Staniland Wake |
title = The Evolution of Morality |
url = https://archive.org/details/evolutionmorali00wakegoog |
year = 1878 |
publisher = Trübner &amp; Company |
pages = [https://archive.org/details/evolutionmorali00wakegoog/page/n381 363]–
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], tá ról lárnach ag baint leis an ''éraic''.  Sa scéal [[Oidheadh Chlainne Tuireann]], bhí an chlann úd faoi éiric ag Lugh. Chuir Lugh is mar chúiteamh ar shraith eachtraí dodhéanta, de réir dealraimh.  D'éirigh leo i ngach ceann acu, ach bhain gortú marfach díobh agus an ceann deireanach á dhéanamh.

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Diyya]]
* [[Galanas]]
* [[Główszczyzna]]
* [[Weregild]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eraic}}
[[Catagóir:An Féineachas]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uí Mhaine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>97428</id>
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      <text bytes="6686" sha1="iehmva9elmtohbiwwr1yhkfhxe1jqrw" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--{{Infobox country
|year_start             = 4th century
|year_end               = 1611
[[Feardorcha Ó Cellaigh]]
|year_leader2           = 1593–1611
}}--&gt;
Rocht mhór ársa i gcúige [[Connachta|Chonnacht]] ba ea '''Uí Mháine'''. 

Chuimsíodh an ríocht timpeall 1000 mi2, suite in oirthear [[Contae na Gaillimhe|Chontae na Gaillimhe]], deisceart [[Contae Ros Comáin|Chontae Ros Comáin]] agus ''at one stage had apparently subjugated land on the east bank of the Shannon'', [[Lusmhaigh]] i g[[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] san áireamh.

{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;

|- valign=top
| align=center | [[Íomhá:O'Kelly.png|mion|60px]]
| | [[Íomhá:O'Conor.png|mion|60px]]
|- valign=top
| align=center | Uí&amp;nbsp;Cheallaigh
| align=center | Uí&amp;nbsp;Chonchúir
|}
[[Íomhá:Ireland early peoples and politics.gif|mion|Léarscáil Éireann c. 800]]

Deirtear gur bhunaigh [[Máine Mór]] an ríocht timpeall na bliana ba AD 357.  Bhí sé i réim le caoga bliain. Roimh a theachtsa, bhí na [[Fir Bholg]] lonnaithe sa cheantar, faoi cheannas [[Cian d'Fhearaibh Bolg]].

Bhí dhá mhórghéag Uí Mhaine ann, mar a bhí, Uí Mhaine [[Tethbae]] soir agus Uí Mháine Chonnacht siar, agus [[Sionainn|an tSionainn]] eatarthu.  &lt;!--Cath???--&gt;I measc na dtuath dá gcuid, bhí a leanas: [[Soghain]], [[Corca Mhogha]], [[Delbna Nuadat|Dealbhna Nuad]], [[Síol Anmchadha]] agus [[Trícha Máenmaige|Maonmhagh]].  Idir sliocht Uí Mhaine agus [[aitheachthuath]]a a bhí ann.

Tá muintir Uí Mháine aitheanta fosta i measc [[Cinn na Fine]], ag Ó Ceallaigh de Ghallach agus ''Tycooly'' (Tír Chúil Aodha?), tiarna Uí Mháine agus Cunta [[Impireacht Naofa Rómhánach]]. Is dócha go bhfuil An Sionnach (Ó Cearnaigh) ina ionadaí Uí Mháine as ''[[Tethbae]]''.

Chreidtí de shean-nós gur de shliocht Cholla dá Chrioch, duine desna [[Colla Uais|Trí Colla]], ba ea muintir Uí Mhaine. Bhí tuath dúchais na dTrí Colla suite i n[[Oirialla]]. Molann tástáil ADN ar sliochtaigh ''[[Uilliam Buidhe Ó Cellaigh]]'', ámh, nach bhfuil muintir Uí Mhaine le fírinne síolraithe óna Trí Colla.&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.peterspioneers.com/colla.htm DNA of the Three Collas]''&lt;/ref&gt;

== Luathcheannairí ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! '''Ainm'''
! '''Blianta&lt;br&gt;i réim'''
! '''Bás'''
|-
| [[Máine Mór]]
| 50
| le hadhairt
|-
| [[Breasal mac Maine Mór]]
| 30
| le hadhairt
|-
| [[Fiachra Finn]] mac Breasail
| 17
| maraithe ag deartháir
|-
| [[Connall Cas Ciabhach]] mac Breasail
| 22
| maraithe
|-
| [[Dallán mac Breasal]]
| 11
| gointa agus báite
|-
| [[Duach mac Dalláin]]
| 16
| maraithe ag by Maine Macamh
|-
| [[Lughaidh mac Dalláin]]
| 14
| le hadhairt
|-
| [[Feradach mac Lughach]]
| 24
| maraithe ag comharba
|-
| [[Marcán]]
| 15
| maraithe le claíomh
&lt;!-- arís?|-
| [[Feradhach mac Lughach]]
&lt;small&gt;son of Feradhach&lt;/small&gt;
|9 years
|slain by successor--&gt;
|}

== Nósanna ==
Dar le téacs de chuid na luath-15ú haoise, ''Nósanna Uí Mhaine'',&lt;ref&gt;''[https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G105007/ The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's Country]'', ''Nósa Ua Maine'', cuid 1, [[Corpus of Electronic Texts|CELT]]&lt;/ref&gt; tugadh duaiseanna agus taiscí do mhuintir Uí Mhaine amhail is:

* chuid de gach dún agus calafort sa chúige
* cuid de gach raic na mara, san áireamh:
** fíon nó earraí a tháinig i dtír ó longa briste, 
** míolta móra agus éisc, ar a glaodh &quot;éisc ríoga&quot; a tugadh ach do ríthe agus banríonacha
* taisce fo-thalamh, mianaigh airgid, óir agus miotal eile
* trian gach cáin de rí na gConnacht nó aon chúige eile ina raibh éagóir déanta
** bhíodh [[éraic|éiric]] ollmhór  ann, mar a bhí &quot;168 bó&quot;

Bhíodh cearta fosta ag clanna a throideadh r son Uí Maine:
* an rogha dul i mbun troda san Earrach nó san Fhómhar.
* cead filleadh abhaile tar éis 6 sheachtain troda san [[Ulaid]] nó sa [[Laigin]].&lt;!--
*  was required that &quot;no man of the province is to be taken as witness against these tribes, but another Uí Mhaine is to bear witness&quot;.
* ''&quot;However great may be the accusation brought against them by dishonest people, only one man or one witness is required to dent it or prove it against the other party.&quot;--&gt;

Nósanna breithe agus báis:
* Bhíodh Uí Mhaine le baisteadh ag Comharbaí Naomh Bhríd.  Dá mbeadh cónaí ar an teaghlach rófhad i gcéin b'éigean dóibh pingin a íoc
* Bhíodh ''sgreaball ongtha''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/36628 screpul(l), scripul(l)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417192528/http://dil.ie/36628 |date=2021-04-17 }}, scrupall, 3 phingin; ungadh; ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; le híoc dosna Comharba

== Príomhchlanna ==
Seo a leanas na príomhchlanna atá dírithe ó mhuintir Uí Mhaine:&lt;ref name=&quot;Hy Many&quot;&gt;{{
cite book |
last = O'Donovan |
first = John |
title = The Hy Many |
pages = 143–144
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Uí Cheallaigh]]
* [[Uí Chionnaith]]
* [[Uí Chnaimhín]],
* [[Uí Dhomhnalláin]], 
* [[Uí Fhallamháin]]
* [[Uí Ghéibheannaigh]]
* [[Uí Madadháin]]
* [[Uí Mhaolalaidh]]
* [[Uí Neachtain]]

== Pearsana Uí Mhaine ==
* [[Thomas MacNevin]]
* [[Albéric O'Kelly de Galway]]
* William O'Kelly Nevin, poblachtach agus lia pearsanta le banimpire Maria Theresa na [[Impireacht Naofa Rómhánach|Impireachta Naofa Rómhánaí]]
* [[Edward Kelley]], aitheanta furasta mar Edward Talbot (11 Lúnasa 1555 – 1 Samhain 1597), asarlaí Túdarach agus spioradálaí féin-dearbhaithe in éineacht le John Dee.
* Gerald Lally-Tollendahl, Marquis de Lally-Tollendal, príomh-aire na hAlban faoin rí [[Séamas I]]

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Ríthe Uí Mhaine]]
* [[Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]

== Foinsí ==
* [[Corpus of Electronic Texts]]
** [[Annála Uladh]]
** [[Annála Tiarnaigh]]
** ''[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G105007/ The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's Country]''
* Dan.McCarthy, [http://www.cs.tcd.ie/Dan.McCarthy/chronology/synchronisms/annals-chron.htm Synchronisms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608093514/http://www.cs.tcd.ie/misc/kronos/chronology/synchronisms/annals-chron.htm |date=2012-06-08 }}, [[Coláiste na Tríonóide]].
* [[Francis John Byrne]], ''Irish Kings and High-Kings'', Baile Átha Cliath, (1971;2003) Four Courts Press, {{ISBN|978-1-85182-196-9}}
* [[Gerard Madden]], ''History of the O'Maddens of Hy-Many'', 2004. {{ISBN|0-9529511-7-7}}.
* Joseph Mannion, ''The Life, Legends and Legacy of Saint Kerrill: A Fifth-Century East Galway Evangelist'', 2004. {{ISBN|0-9547698-1-3}}
* Denis Walsh, [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/uimaine.htm Ui Maine]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{Connachta}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ui Maine}}
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    <title>Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne</title>
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      <text bytes="16195" sha1="0s77vhsvs2syciohyr4ukzcgcfeosjb" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Ireland early peoples and politics.gif|mion|200px|Luath-dhreamanna agus ríochtaí in Éirinn, c. 800]]

Ríocht na [[Chonnachta|gConnacht]] ba ea '''Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne''', suite in oirdheisceart [[Contae na Gaillimhe|Chontae na Gaillimhe]].

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Suite in oirdheisceart [[Contae na Gaillimhe]], b'ionann críocha Aidhne agus deoise [[Cill Mhic Dhuach]] an lae inniu.  Ar a taobh thiar, bhí Loch Lurgan ([[Cuan na Gaillimhe]]) agus [[Boirinn]].  Ó dheas, is ionann an teorainn agus Contae an Chláir an lae inniu.  Ar a taobh thoir tá [[Sliabh Eachtaí]] idir Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne agus [[Uí Maine]].

San oirthuaisceart, tá Maigh Uí Mhaine agus ó thuaidh [[Maigh Mucraimhe]] (thart ar [[Baile Átha an Rí]]).  San iarthuaisceart, bhí paróiste [[Meáraí]], chuid de chríocha [[Uí Briúin Seóla|Uí Bhriúin Seola]].

Tá ann i ndeoise Cill Mhic Dhuach na paróistí [[Cinn Mhara]], [[Cill Eithne]], [[Cill Fhionnbharra]], [[Droim Mucú]], [[Cill Cholgáin]], [[Ard Raithin]], [[An Sráidbhaile, Gaillimh|An Sráidbhaile]], [[Cill Fhínín]], [[Cill Fhaoile]], [[Cill Órtha]], [[Cill Ó gCillín]], [[Cill Chríost]], [[Díseart Ceallaigh]], [[Cill Fhíonáin, Gaillimh|Cill Fhíonáin]], [[Cill Tómais]], [[Cill Bheaganta]], [[An Bheitheach]] agus [[Cill Tartan]].
&lt;!--
''The diocese of Kilmacduagh contains the present Catholic parishes of [[Kinvara]], [[Ballinderreen]], [[Gort]], [[Ardrahan]], [[Craughwell]], Beagh, Kilbeacanty, Kilthomas (Peterswell), [[Clarinbridge]] agus Kilchreest.--&gt;

== Bunús agus stair ==
Deirtear gur lonnaigh na [[Fir Bholg]] i n[[Aidne|Aidhne]].  Deir [[an Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh|Dubhaltach Mac Firbhisigh]] ina mhór-shaothar [[Leabhar na nGinealach]] go raibh [[Tuath mhic nÚmhóir]] i gceannas  [[Conall Caol mac Aonghasa|Chonaill Chaoil]] mhic [[Aonghas mac Úmhóir|Aonghasa mhic Úmhóir]].  Maraíodh Conall ag [[Cath Maigh Mucruimhe]] sa bhliain 195, agus tógadh a chorp ar ais chuig Aidhne, áit a adhlacadh i [[leacht]] darb ainm [[Carn Chonaill]].

Sa ré luathstairiúil, tháinig géag [[Uí Fiachrach|Uí Fhiachrach]] lonnaithe ar [[Maigh Aidhne|Mhaigh Aidhne]] chun cinn, agus in am trátha ainmníodh an ceantar astu, Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne.  Faoin 8ú haois, ámh, bhí cumhacht a ríthe tite i léig, anois faoi ghéillsine [[ríthe na gConnacht]].  Le teacht na [[Normannaigh|Normannach]], tháinig an tuath faoi smacht ''[[Clanricarde]].

== Príomhchlanna ==
Ba iad príomhchlanna Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne ná: [[Uí Chathail]], [[Uí Chléirigh]], [[Uí Eidhin]], [[Uí Sheachnasaigh]], agus [[Mhic Giolla Cheallaigh]].

=== Uí Chathail ===
Díbríodh [[Uí Chathail]] as a gceantar dúchais de bharr coimhlinte ríoraíche.  As sin amach, ní raibh iontu ach do cheann gan chumhacht pholaitiúil.

* [[Cathal mac Ógáin]], sinsear na clainne, fl. 10th-century.
* [[Giolla Mo Choinne Ua Cathail]], rí Ui Fiachrach Aidhne, bás 1147

=== Uí Chléirigh ===
Bhíodh Uí Chléirigh ina ríthe an cheantair roimh Uí Eidhin, ach díbríodh iad an éigin tar éis teacht na [[Normannaigh|Normannach]] chuig Connacht.  Faoi phatrúnacht Uí Dhomhnaill na nUladh, d'éirigh Uí Chléirigh ina clann léannta mór le rá san Eoraip.

* [[Tighearnach Ua Cléirigh]], rí Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne, bás 916
* [[Mícheál Ó Cléirigh]] (ca. 1590–1643), príomhúdar [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]].

=== Uí Sheachnasaigh ===
Bhíodh Uí Seachnasaigh lonnaithe, go dtí déanach sa 17ú haois, sa tuath [[Uí Fiachrach Aidne]] darbh ainm [[Cenél Áeda na hEchtge]].  Bhíodh ann ná paróistí [[An Bheitheach]], [[Cill Mhic Duach]] agus [[Cill Tartan]], agus codanna de [[Cill Bheaganta|Cill Bheaganta]] agus [[Cill Tómais]].  

Sna 1690í, coigistíodh tailte Chaptaen [[Roger O'Shaughnessy]] de bharr na tacaíochta a thug sé dosna [[Seacaibítigh]] in éadan [[Liam III Shasana|Liam d'Orange]].  Ghabh [[Sir Thomas Prendergast]] seilbh ar na tailte.  Lean cogadh dlí go dtí lár na 18ú haoise idir Uí Sheachnasaigh agus clann Prendergast, ach sa deireadh, chaill Uí Seachnasaigh an cás losing the case.

Ní fios go cruinn cathain a tharla meath deiridh a sinsear, ach meastar sna 1780í.

* [[Seachnasach mac Donnchadha]], beo. 10ú haois.
* [[Sir Roger O'Shaughnessy]], [[ridire]] agus [[Ceann na Fine]], beo 1567.
* [[Roger O'Shaughnessy]], Ó Seachnasaigh féin (bás 1690), ridire agus [[Seacaibíteach]]
* [[William O'Shaughnessy]], Maorghinearál, 1673–1744.
* [[Arthur William Edgar O'Shaughnessy]] (1844–1881), file.

=== Ó hEidhin ===
Díbríodh an chlann chuig [[Cuan na Gaillimhe]] agus bhí ansin Caisleán [[Dún Ghuaire]] an príomhionad acu.  Luaitear iad i   n[[annála Éireann]]:
* AIF 1057.3: ''Mac Flaithbertaich h-Ui Edin, rí h-Ua Fiachrach, do marbad.
* ACM 1578.10
:''O h-Eidhin Ruaidhri an Doire mac Floinn, mic Concobhair, mic Floinn do écc, fer co m-buaidh n-einigh &amp; n-engnamha ó thuisdin&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/42432 tuistiu II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510061418/http://dil.ie/42432 |date=2021-05-10 }}, cruthú srl., ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; gó a thogairm, mac a dhearbhrathar d'oirdneadh ina ionadh
:Ó hEidhin Ruairí an Doire mac Floinn, mic Conchúir, mic Floinn d'éag, fear le bua oinigh&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/oineach oineach&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;], mórchroí srl., ar teanglann.ie FGB&lt;/ref&gt; eangnamha&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/eangnamh eangnamh], stuaim, lámhach, ar teanglann.ie FGB&lt;/ref&gt; ó thús ''of his career until his death'', mac a dhearthár a oirníodh ina ionad. .i. Eoghan Manntach mac Eamhainn.

Daoine suntasacha:
* [[Eidhean mac Cléireigh]], beo 800, sinsear Uí Eidhin
* [[Toirdhealbach Ua Conchobhair]] (1088–1156), [[ríthe na gConnacht|rí Connacht]] agus [[Ardrí na hÉireann]], mac Mór Ní Eidhin.
* [[Seán Ó hEidhin]], easpag Proinsiasach [[Chluain Fearta]], beo 1437–1459.
* [[John O'Heyne]], staraí Doiminiceach, fl. 1706.
* [[Garry Hynes]] (rugadh 10ú Meitheamh 1953), stiúrthóir amharclainne.
* [[Celine Hynes]], ailtire

=== Mhic Giolla Cheallaigh ===
Bhíodh Mhic Giolla Cheallaigh i seilbh Cinéal Ghuaire, áit a bhfuil inniu an paróiste [[Baile an Doirín]] inniu.  Chaill siad a gcuid tailte sna coigistithe Cromwell i lár na 17ú haoise.

* [[Giolla Ceallaigh mac Comhaltáin]], beo 10ú haois, sinsear na clainne.
* [[Padhraic Mac Giolla Chealla]], file agus [[seanchaí]], beo 1798.
* [[Ollie Kilkenny]] (rugadh 1962), iománaí.

== Ríthe seanscéalacha Aidhne==
:''le déanamh

== Ríthe na gConnacht ==
Is iad a leanas fir Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne a rinneadh [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] díobh:&lt;ref&gt;Francis J.Byrne, ''Irish Kings and High-Kings'', Tábla 18, dátaí per ''The Chronology of the Irish Annals'', Daniel P. McCarthy&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[Colmán mac Cobthaig|Colmán mac Cobhthaigh]] (bás 622)
* [[Loingsech mac Colmáin|Loingseach mac Colmáin]] (bás 655)
* [[Guaire Aidne mac Colmáin|Guaire Aidhne mac Colmáin]] (bás 663)
* [[Muirchertach Nár mac Guairi|Muircheartach Nár mac Guaire]] Aidhne (bás 668)
* [[Fergal Aidne mac Artgaile|Fearghal Aidhne mac Ardaile]] mac Guaire (bás 696)

== Ríthe Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne ==
Féach [[Ríthe Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne]]&lt;!--
==Lords of Cenél Guaire==
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}

==Lords of Cenél Áeda na hEchtge==
* [[Diarmaid Ó Seachnasaigh]], before 1533-after 1544
* [[Ruaidhrí Gilla Dubh Ó Seachnasaigh]], before 1567–1569
* [[Diarmaid Riabach Ó Seachnasaigh]], 1569–1573
* [[Liam Ó Seachnasaigh]]
* [[Dermot Ó Seachnasaigh]]
* [[Roger Gilla Dubh Ó Seachnasaigh]]
* [[Dermott Ó Seachnasaigh]]
* [[Roger O'Shaughnessy|Roger O'Shaughnessey]]
* [[Cormac O'Shaughnessey]]
* [[Colman O'Shaughnessey]]
* [[Roebuck O'Shaughnessey]]
* [[Joseph O'Shaughnessey]]
* [[Bartholomew O'Shaughnessey]]

==Lords of Coill Ua bhFiachrach==
* Conchobhair Crone Ó hEidhin
* Eoghan mac Braon Ua Cléirigh
* Maolfabhaill Ua hEidhin
* Eoghan Ua hEidhin
* Flann Ó hEidhin
* Eoghan Mantach Ó hEidhin
* Aodh Buidhe Ó hEidhin
* Eoghan mac Aodh Buidhe Ó hEidhin of Lydican
* Eoghan Mantach Ó hEidhin, died 1588
* Aedh Buidhe Ó hEidhin
* Hugh Boy O'Heyne, died 1594
* Eoghan O'Heyne of Lydican, alive ca. 1640s.--&gt;

== Tagairtí sna hannála ==
* [[Chronicon Scotorum|CS]] 966:
:''Cormac h. Cillin do Uib fFiacrach Aidhne comorba Ciaráin &amp; Comain &amp; comurba Tuama Gréne, et as aige do ronadh tempul mor Tuama Grene et a claigtec, sapiens et senex et episcopus quieuit in Christo.
:Cormac Ó Cillín d'Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne, chomharba Chiaráin agus Comáin agus comharba Tuama Gréine, as aige a tógadh teampall mór Tuama Gréine agus a chlogtheach... 
* [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 1025.13: ''Ua [[Comhaltán Ua Cléirigh|Comhaltáin Uí Chléirigh]], tigherna Ua Fiachrach Aidhne, d'écc.
* ACM 1033.9: ''Maidhm etir [[Éile|Ele]] &amp; Ui Fiachrach Aidhne, i t-torchair Braen Ua Clérigh, &amp; Muiredhach mac Giolla Pattraicc co sochaidhibh oile.
* ACM 1047.14: ''h-Ua h-Eidhin tigherna Ua Fiachrach Aidhne, d'ecc.
* ACM 1048.8: ''[[Mael Fabhaill Ua hEidhin|Maol Fabhail Ua h-Eidhin]], tigherna Ua Fiachrach Aidhne, d'ecc.
* ACM 1055.11: ''Domhnall Ruadh ua Briain do mharbhadh do h-Ua Eidhin do tighearna Ua Fiachrach Aidhne.
&lt;!--* ''1067. The battle of Turlach Adhnaigh, between Aedh of the Broken Spear Ua Conchobhair, King of Connaught, and Aedh, the son of Art Uallach Ua Ruairc, and the men of Breifne along with him; where fell Aedh Ua Conchobhair, King of the province of Connaught, the helmsman of the valour of Leath-Chuinn; and the chiefs of Connaught fell along with him, and, among the rest, Aedh Ua Concheanainn, lord of Ui-Diarmada, and many others.''--&gt;
* ACM 1100.10: ''Giolla na Naomh Ua h-Eidhin, tigherna Iarthair Connacht, d' écc, &amp; a adhnacal h-i c-Cluain Mic Nóis.
* ACM 1125.8: ''Dá mhac Aineislis Ui Eidhin do mharbhad d'Ua Flaithbertaigh i fioll (''feall'') oc Bun Gaillmhi.
* ACM 1126.4: ''Conchobhar Ua Cléirigh fear leighinn Cille Dara, d'écc.
* ACM 1147.13: ''Giolla Mo Choindi Ua Cathail, tigherna Ua f-Fiachrach Aidhne, do mharbhadh do mhac mic Domhnaill Ui Chonchobhair.
* ACM 1153.13: ''...ro marbhadh sochaídhe do Chonnachtaibh leó im Ghiolla Cheallaigh Ua n-Eidhin, tigherna Aidhne, &amp; immo mac .i. Aodh'' sa chath mór le rá ag ''Fordruim''
* ACM 1159.13: Maraíodh [[Geal Bhuidhe Ua Seachnasaigh]] i gCath Atá Fhir Dhiaidh in [[Oirialla]].
* ''1166.16
:''Sluaighedh lá Tighernan Ua Ruairc co b-Feraibh Breifne, go b-Feraibh Midhe, go n-Gallaibh Átha Cliath, &amp; co Laighnibh i n-Uibh Ceinnsealaigh, &amp; ro h-ionnarbadh leo Diarmaid Mac Murchadha dar muir &amp; ro múradh a caistiall h-í Fearna. Ríoghthar leó Murchadh mac Mec Murchadha dar cend secht m-braghat décc do thabhairt do Ruaidhri Ua Conchobhair co Tír Fiachrach Aidhne.
:Slua i gceannas Tiarnáin Uí Ruairc le fir Bhréifne, fir na Mí, gaill Átha Cliath agus Laighnigh, i nUí Chinnsealaigh, agus ionnarbadh/ruaigeadh Diarmaid Mac Murchadha thar mhuir agus múradh/leagadh a chaisleán ag Fearna.  Rinneadh rí de Mhurchadh ó Murchadha, a thug seacht mbrá/ngiall déag do Ruaidhri Ó Conchúir, chuig Tír Fhiachrach Aidhne.
* ACM 1179.12: ''Maoileachlainn Riabhach O Seachnasaigh ticchearna Leithe Chenel Aodha do marbhadh la mac Donnchaidh Í Chathail.
* ACM 1180.7: ''Muirghes Ua h-Edhin tigherna Ua bh-Fiachrach Aidhne do mharbhadh la feraibh Mumhan.
* ''1187.4:
:''Carracc Locha Cé do losccadh do thene doait. Ro baidhedh &amp; ro loisceadh inghen Ui Eidhin (.i. Duibheasa) ben Choncobair Mic Diarmata (tigherna Maighe Luircc) go seacht c-cédaibh (no cethracha ar chéd), nó ní as uille eittir fheraibh &amp; mnaibh fri ré n-aon uaire innte.
:Carraig Loch Cé do loisceadh de thintreach.  Bádh agus loisceadh iníon Uí Eidhin (.i. Duibheasa) bean Chonchúir Mhic Dhiarmada (tiarna Maighe Loirg), le seacht gcéad (nó ''seven score''), nó níos mó, idir fhir agus mhná i gcaitheamh aon uair amháin.
* ACM 1191.1: ''Ruaidhri Ua Concobhair do fhaccbháil Connacht ... tuccsat Siol Muiredhaigh ferann dó, .i. Tir Fiachrach, &amp; Cenel Aodha na h-Echtge.
* ACM 1201.7: ''Conchobhar mac Muirghesa Uí Edhin d'écc.
* ACM 1203.1: ''An t-epscop mac Giolla Cheallaigh Í Ruaidhin epscop Cille Mic Duach do ecc.
* ''1203.? Murtough the Teffian, son of Conor Moinmoy, who was the son of Roderic O'Conor, was slain by Dermot, the son of Roderic, and Hugh, the son of Roderic, namely, by his own two paternal uncles, on the green of Kilmacduagh.''
* ACM 1211.7: ''Cu Gaela Ua h-Eidhin do ecc.
* ACM 1212.5: ''Donnchadh Ua h-Eidhin do dhalladh la h-Aodh mac Cathail Croibhdeirg gan ced d'Ua Concobhair.
* ACM 1214.1: ''An t-epscop Ó Ceallaigh .i. eapscop Ó f-Fiachrach do ecc.
* ACM 1216.2: ''Giolla Arnáin Ua Martain [[ollamh Éireann|ollamh Erenn]] i m-breitemhnus do écc.
* ACM 1222.6: ''[[Giolla Mo Choinni Ua Cathail]] tighearna Cheneoil Aodha thoir &amp; thiar do marbhadh la Sechnasach mac Giolla na Naomh Uí Sechnasaigh iar n-a bhrath da mhuintir fén.
* ACM 1223.4: ''Seachnusach mac Giolla na Naomh Uí Sheachnusaigh do mharbhadh do Chloinn Chiuléin, &amp; sárucchadh (''sárú'') na Bachla Mhoire Cholmáin Cille mic Duach uime.
* ACM 1224.11: Giolla na Naomh Crom Ó Seachnusaigh tighearna lethe iartharaighe Cenél Aodha na h-Echtgi d'écc.
* ''1225. [[Eoghan Ó hEidhin]]
* ACM 1232.1
:''Fachtna Ua h-Allgaith comhorba Droma Mucadha, &amp; oificel Ua f-Fiacrach fer tighe aoidhedh, leighinn, &amp; lubhra, &amp; lesaighthe truagh do écc.
:Fachna Ó hAllgaith comharba Droim Mhuchadha agus 'oificel' Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne, fear tí ''aoidhedh'', léinn, lobhra agus léasaithe truán, d'éag.
* ''1235. [[Eoghan Ó hEidhin]]
* ''1236. Eoghan Ó hEidhin
* ACM 1240.5: ''Aodh mac Giolla na Naomh Cruimm Uí Seachnusaigh do mharbhadh lá Concobhar mac Aodha mic Cathail Croibhdeirg, &amp; lá Fiachra Ua Floinn.
* ACM 1248.3: ''Opichin Guer do mharbhadh do Giolla Mo Choinne Ua Cathail.
* ACM 1251.4: ''Giollu Mo Coinne mac Giolla Mo Coinne Uí Cathail do mharbhadh la Concobhor mac Aedha mic Cathail Croibhdheirg.
* ACM 1253.6: ''[[Eoghan Ó hEidhin|Eoghan Ua h-Edhin]] ticcherna Ua f-Fiachrach do écc.
* ACM 1263.5: ''Maol Fabhaill Ua h-Edhin do marbhadh lá Gallaibh.
* ACM 1326.4: ''Niocol Ó h-Edhin d'ecc.
* ACM 1340.10: ''Eoghan Ua h-Edhin tighearna Ua f-Fiachrach Aidhne do mharbhadh la a braithrib féin.
* ACM 1408.11: ''Sean Cam Ó Sechnasaigh do marbhadh la Mac Uí Lochlainn ar sugradh ar faithche Cluana Ramfhotta.
* ACM 1434.12: ''Diarmait mac Muirceartaigh Gairbh Uí Sechnasaigh do mharbhadh dia eoch fein ag cor crú fuirre (''ag cur crú air'').
* ACM 1578.10
:''O h-Eidhin Ruaidhri an Doire mac Floinn, mic Concobhair, mic Floinn do écc, fer co m-buaidh n-einigh &amp; n-engnamha ó thuisdin&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/42432 tuistiu II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510061418/http://dil.ie/42432 |date=2021-05-10 }}, cruthú srl., ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; gó a thogairm, mac a dhearbhrathar d'oirdneadh ina ionadh
:Ó hEidhin Ruairí an Doire mac Floinn, mic Conchúir, mic Floinn d'éag, fear le bua oinigh&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/oineach oineach&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;], mórchroí srl., ar teanglann.ie FGB&lt;/ref&gt; eangnamha&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/eangnamh eangnamh], stuaim, lámhach, ar teanglann.ie FGB&lt;/ref&gt; ó thús ''of his career until his death'', mac a dhearthár a oirníodh ina ionad. .i. Eoghan Manntach mac Eamhainn.

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Ríthe Uí Fiachrach Aidhne]]
* [[Meadraige|Meadraí]]
* [[Cenél Áeda na hEchtge|Cineál Aodha na hEachtaí]]
* [[Cenél Guaire|Cineál Ghuaire]]
* ''[[Muintir Máelfináin]]

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* Denis Walsh, [http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/connacht.htm#aid Uí Fiachrach Aidne], ''Ireland's History in Maps''

== Foinsí ==
* Paul MacCotter, ''Medieval Ireland: Territorial, Political and Economic Divisions'', Four Courts Press, 2008, ll.&amp;nbsp;133–134. {{ISBN|978-1-84682-098-4}}
* James Patrick Hynes, ''The Hynes of Ireland'', Appin Press, Countyvise Publishers.
* James Patrick Hynes, ''The O'Shaughnessys'', Appin Press, Countyvise Publishers.

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{Ríocht na gConnacht}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ui Fhiachrach Aidhne}}
[[Catagóir:Gaeil]]
[[Catagóir:Uí Fhiachrach]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tuatha Taiden</title>
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Géag ársa d'[[Fir Ol nEchmacht|Fhir Ól nÉchmacht]], i g[[Cúige Chonnacht]] mar atá inniu ann, ba ea ''' Tuatha Taoidean ''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Túatha Taíden'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/39554 1 taíden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519173035/http://dil.ie/39554 |date=2021-05-19 }}, buíon, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;).

Shíneadh ríocht ''Tuatha Taiden'' ó ''Phálás Fidach'' soir trasna na [[Sionainn|Sionainne]] i dtreo [[cnoc na Teamhrach|chnoc na Teamhrach]].  Tháinig [[Uí Maine|Uí Mhaine]] i gceannas sna críocha úd in am trátha.

== Foinsí ==
* [[Seathrún Céitinn]], [[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]], 1636.
* [[an Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh|Dubhaltach Mac Firbhisigh]], Leabhar Mór na nGinealach, 1649–1666.
* [[Ruaidhrí Ó Flaithbheartaigh]], ''Ogyia'', 1684.
* [[T. H. Knox]], ''The History of Mayo'', 1908.

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tuatha Taiden}}
[[Catagóir:Ríthe na gConnacht]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tadhg Ó Ceallaigh</title>
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Naoú rí is tríocha&lt;!--40ú?--&gt; [[Ríthe Uí Mhaine|Rí Uí Mhaine]] agus séú [[Ceann na Fine]] ba ea  ''' Tadhg Ó Ceallaigh ''' (fuadaithe 1145).

== Tagairtí sna hannála ==
Ní fheictear Tadhg agus Uí Mhaine ach go hannamh sna [[annála Éireann|hannála]], rud a chuireann le fios mion stádas na ríochta laistigh na [[Connachta]].  Seo a leanas roinnt tagairtí:
* [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí|ACM]] 1135.21
:''Cobhlach Murchadha Ui Mhaoileachlainn, righ Temhrach, for Shionainn, &amp; for Loch Ríbh. Tangattar Síol Muiredhaigh cona rígh, .i. Conchobhar, mac Toirrdhealbhaigh, &amp; Uí Maine cona t-tigherna .i. Tadhg Ua Ceallaigh, co b-farccaibhsiod díbhlinibh&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/16043 díblínaib] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731112545/http://dil.ie/16043 |date=2021-07-31 }}, dá-líon, beirt, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; braighde&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/6483 2 brága] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123034112/http://www.dil.ie/6483 |date=2021-01-23 }}, brá, cime, giall, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; ag Murchadh.
:Cabhlach Murchadha Uí Mhaoileachlainn ar an Sionainn agus ar Loch Riabh.  Tháinig Síol Mhuireadhaigh lena rí, .i. Conchúr mac Toirdhealbhaugh, agus Uí Mhaine lena tiarna, .i. Tadhg Ó Ceallaigh, agus d'fhágadar beirt gialla ag Murchadh.
* ACM 1137.20:
:'' Cóicceadh Chonnacht uile do fhásughadh ó Dhróbhaois go Sionainn, &amp; co h-Echtge, &amp; a c-cur féin i n-Iarthar Chonnacht.
: Cúige Chonnacht uile do fásaíodh ó Dhrobhaois go Sionainn agus go  [[Sliabh Eachtaí|hEachtaí]]), agus cuireadh féin i n[[Iar Chonnacht]].
* M1142.15
:''Crech lá Conchobhar, mac Toirrdhealbhaigh, &amp; lá h-Uibh Maine ar Cenel Forggo, co t-tucsat buar dhírím
:Creach ag Conchúr mac Toirdhealbhaigh, agus an Uí Mhaine, ar Chineál Forgo, agus gabhadar buar gan áireamh
* ACM 1144.13:
:''Domhnall Ua Ceallaigh do mharbhadh la tribh macaibh mic mic Concobhair Uí Cheallaigh .i. Donnchadh, Amhlaoibh, &amp; Lochlaind...

== Fuadach ==
Sa bhliain 1145, rinne arm na [[Mumhain|Mhumhan]] ruathar ar [[cúige Chonnacht|chúige Chonnacht]].  Insítear i nAnnála na gCeithre Máistrí:&lt;ref&gt;ACM 1145.17&lt;/ref&gt;
:''Fir Mumhan do thocht slóighedh i c-Connachtaibh, &amp; rugsat Ua Ceallaigh .i. Tadhg mac Conchobhair, tigherna Ua Maine, leó
Ní raibh tásc ná tuairisc ar Thadhg as sin amach.  Go gairid i ndiaidh sin, tháinig [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Cellaigh]] i gcomharbacht is amhlaidh a mhac nó a gharmhac.

== Foinsí ==
* [[Corpus of Electronic Texts]]
** [[Annála Uladh]]
** [[Annála Tiarnaigh]]
** ''[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G105007/ Tuarasgbhail agus Nósa Ua Maine]''
* [[Francis John Byrne]], ''Irish Kings and High-Kings'', Baile Átha Cliath (1971;2003) Four Courts Press, {{ISBN|978-1-85182-196-9}}
* [[Gerard Madden]], ''History of the O'Maddens of Hy-Many'', 2004. {{ISBN|0-9529511-7-7}}.
* [[Joseph Mannion]], ''The Life, Legends and Legacy of Saint Kerrill: A Fifth-Century East Galway Evangelist'', 2004. {{ISBN|0-9547698-1-3}}
* Denis Walsh, [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/uimaine.htm Uí Mhaine]
* Dan P. McCarthy, [http://www.cs.tcd.ie/Dan.McCarthy/chronology/synchronisms/annals-chron.htm Synchronisms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608093514/http://www.cs.tcd.ie/misc/kronos/chronology/synchronisms/annals-chron.htm |date=2012-06-08 }}, eagrán athbhreithnithe, [[Coláiste na Tríonóide]].

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
roimh = [[Diarmaid Ua Madadháin]] |
teideal = [[Ríthe Uí Mhaine|Rí Uí Mhaine]] |
tar éis = [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Cellaigh]] |
bliain = 1135&amp;ndash;c.1145 |
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cellaigh, Tadhg Ua}}
[[Catagóir:Ríthe Uí Mhaine]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Senchán Torpéist</title>
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[[File]] agus [[Ollamh Éireann]] ba ea ''' Seanchán Torphéist ''' ([[Meán-Ghaeilge]] '''Senchán Torpéist&lt;ref&gt;féach [http://dil.ie/18394 1 do-rorban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005172936/http://dil.ie/18394 |date=2021-10-05 }}, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt;''') (c. 560–617 AD).  Tháinig sé i gcomharbacht ar [[Dallán Forgaill|Dhallán Forgaill]] mar Ard-fhile Chonnacht sa bhliain  c. 640.  Feictear i liosta le fáil i [[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]] gurbh fhile ríoga é.&lt;ref&gt;lch.&amp;nbsp;308&lt;/ref&gt;  Is príomhphearsa é sa scéal den 12ú haois, ''[[Tromdámh Guaire]].

== Muintir ==
Cuairfheartach de chlann Araidh ar an teorainn idir Tiobraid Árann agus Luimneach) ba ea a athair.  Dar le Seanchán féin, ámh, agus é ag scríobh in ''Concangab Már'' c. 630, is é seo a leanas a Ginealach:&lt;ref&gt;'Three Old Irish Accentual Poems', [[James Carney]] eag., [[Ériu (iriseán)|Ériu]], iml. 22 (1971), lch. 73&lt;/ref&gt;
:''Senchán mac Úarchride, mac Adóer na n-Araid''.

Deidiu ní Thréan mhic [[Dubhthach moccu Lughair|Dubhthaigh mhic Lughair]] ba ea máthair Sheancháin.  Iar-ollamh agus rí fhile [[Lóegaire mac Néill|Laoghaire mhic Néill]] ba ea Dubhthach.  Is iad a leanas daoine eile de chlann Deidiu:
* [[Naomh Seanán Láithreach Bhriúin]] mac Fiontáin
* Naomh [[Diarmaid an Fíréan]] mac Lugna
* [[Naomh Féilim]] [[Cill Mhór|Chill Mhór]] mac Cairill
* Naomh Daigh [[Inis Caoin]] mac Cairill
* [[Naomh Femia]] ní Chairill
* Naomh [[Mainchín an Chorainn]], mac Collain as [[an Corann|gCorann]]
* [[Naomh Caillín]] mac Niata, a deir i [[Leabar Fidhnacha|Leabhar Fhíonaí]]:&lt;ref&gt;lch. 215 &lt;/ref&gt;
::'' My blessing on thy men of song
::'' Who from mild Senchan may descend.

Ní foláir nó gur rugadh Seanchán timpeall na bliana 560 ionas go raibh an t-am aige bheith oilte chun bheith ceaptha ina Ard-Ollamh.  Ina theannta sin, in [[Tromdámh Guaire|Tromdjámh Guaire]], luaitear é mar &quot;sean-Seanchán&quot; sa bhliain c. 640.  Dar le [[Seathrún Céitinn]] in [[Foras Feasa ar Éirinn]] go ndearnadh Ard ollamh na gConnacht de &quot;Sheanchán mac Cuairfheartaigh&quot; ag Sionad Droim Cheat sa bhliain c. 593.

Tugtar míniú ar a leasainm sa sanas, [[Cóir Anmann]]:&lt;ref&gt;Entry 272&lt;/ref&gt;
:'' Senchán Toirpéist .i. Senchán [dororba&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211005172936/http://dil.ie/18394 1 do-rorban], tar, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; péist] día rothogaibh spirat na h-écsi cenn do fo sceib &lt;ref&gt;''leg.'' scéim, tuiseal tabharthach de scíam&lt;/ref&gt; dodheilbh...
:'' Seanchán Toirpéist, .i. Senchán a tháinig péist chuige, a bhain spiorad na héigse leas as faoi sciamh dodhealbhach...

Bríd (''Brigid Brathbrú'') ba ea bean chéile Sheancháin.  Bhí nasc acu darbh ainm ''Muircc'' agus iníon Méabh ''Neidigh''.

== Saothair ==
Caomhnaítear chuid de shaothair of Sheancháin sna lámhscríbhinní:
* [[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]], fóilió 17, col. 2, dán ar Fhearghas mac Rossa agus a chathanna.
*'' ''Abbair fri sil nEogain moir'', i [[Laud 610]]&lt;ref&gt;fóil. 73 b 2, [[Kuno Meyer]], [[Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie|ZCP]] 12, 1918, lch.&amp;nbsp;378&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Trí meic Ruaid'';&lt;ref&gt;[https://codecs.vanhamel.nl/Tr%C3%AD_meic_Ruaid Trí meic Ruaid] ar [[CODECS]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Find Taulcha tuath cuire Cailte''&lt;ref&gt;Find Taulcha tuath cuire Cailte&lt;/ref&gt;
*'' Co slonnad Conmaic fri Connad&lt;ref&gt;[[Margaret Dobbs]], ZCP 14 1923 lch.&amp;nbsp;48&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tá an sa scéal '' Cath Maighe Léna '' dán le Seanchán ag tosú le 'Adhaigh Luain rucadh an rí'.&lt;ref&gt;[https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G302025/index.html Cath Maighe Léna], [[Corpus of Electronic Texts|CELT]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Guaire agus ''Táin Bó Cúailnge'' ==
Dar le [[Tromdámh Guaire]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G301041 Tromdámh Guaire] ar [[Corpus of Electronic Texts|CELT]]&lt;/ref&gt; (nó ''Imtheacht na Tromdhaimhe''&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=30sAAAAAcAAJ&amp;q=The+Proceedings+of+the+Great+Bardic+Institution |teideal = The Proceedings of the Great Bardic Institution| author1=Ossian |year=1860}}&lt;/ref&gt;) thug Seanchán cuairt ar[[ríthe na gConnacht|rí na gConnacht]], [[Guaire Aidne mac Colmáin]], i dteannta le céad file is caoga eile agus cead dalta is caoga.  Cuireadh brú ar fháilte Ghuaire dá bharr.

Chun é a náiriú go dté sé, d'iarr Guaire air an [[Táin Bó Cúailnge]] a aithris, á rá ''eircit bur n-ollaim &amp; bur filedi &amp; bhur lucht canta ciuil&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/9273 2 ciúil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011071934/http://dil.ie/9273 |date=2021-10-11 }}, ceol, ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; d'iaraid na Tana.&lt;!-- cad as seo?
&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left:2em&quot;&gt;
Though my stores be emptied well-nigh
Twin bright cups there yet remain
Win them with the raid of Cualigne
Chant us, bard, the famous Tain.
&lt;/poem&gt;--&gt;

Chuir seo olc ar Sheanchán, agus d'imigh Seanchán leis, ag rá:
&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left:2em&quot;&gt;
''Triallum uait, a Guairi glain,
''facmait agat beanachtain;
''bliagain &amp; raithe is mí
''atam acut, a airdri.

Triallaimid uait, a Ghuaire ghlain
Fágaimid agat beannachtaí;
Bliain, ráithe is mí
Atáid leat, a ard-rí...
&lt;/poem&gt;

Ach gheall sé:
&lt;poem style=&quot;margin-left:2em&quot;&gt;
... ''ticfam arís, ge triallam.
&lt;/poem&gt;

Mar thoradh na heachtra seo, bhailigh Seanchán gach file na hÉireann le chéile, chun go bhfeice cé acu a raibh an Táin go léir ar eolas aige.  Tharla sé áfach go raibh cuid den scéal ag cách ach ní an rud go léir ag éinne acu.  Rinne Seanchán, a mhac ''Murgen'' agus a chol seisear ''Eimena'', cinneadh mar sin an Táin úd a thabhairt ar ais go hÉirinn.

Le linn an turais, chuaigh ''Murgen'' amú i gceo draíochta.  Bhuail sé ann le sprid [[Fergus mac Róich|Fhearghais mhic Róigh]] ag a uaigh.  D'aithris Fearghas an  Táin iomlán le ''Murgen'', a tháinig slán ar ais chun an scéal a chaomhnú.

== Scéalta eile ==
Feictear Seanchán agus a bhean chéile sa seanscéal ''[[Scéla Cano meic Gartnáin]]'' and in [[Sanas Cormaic]], ina thugann sé cuairt ar [[Oileán Mhanann]].  Sa dán Meán-Ghaeilge (c. 1100), ''Aimirgein Glúngel tuir tend'', luaite le ''Gilla in Choimded Úa Cormaic'' as [[Tulach Léis]], déantar trácht ar Sheanchán mar a leanas: '' Seanchán Toirpéist ba rind ráid''.  Feictear é freisin sa scéal ''Mac telene do feraib Muman''.

Feictear Seancháin agus a bhuíon fánach filí i scéalta chomh fada ó chéile is [[an Albáin|an Alba]] agus an [[Albain Nua|Alba Nua]] band of poets occur in traditional, ina luaitear iad mar ''Cliar'' nó ''Cleith'' Sheancháin.  Tá scéal na mór le rá ann darb ainm Bríd Mhór na gCapall, atá bunaithe ar Tromdhámh Guaire.

== Luaite le Shakespeare ==
Deir [[William Shakespeare]] go raibh ar a gcumas ag filí Éireannacha ''&quot;[to] rhym[e] rats to death&quot;''.  Is amhlaidh go bhfuil an ráiteas seo bunaithe ar eachtra nuair a fuair Seanchán [[Francach (ainmhí)|francaigh]] agus iad tar éis a chuid dinnéir a ithe, agus a dúirt sé:
:'' Lochaid gidh ger a nguilbne,
:'' ni trén a cathaibh cirbdhe&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
:Locha is géar a nguilbne
:ní tréan a gcatha '' poor...&quot;
D'éag siad ar an dtoirt.&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín
|url = http://www.slate.com/blogs/lexicon_valley/2016/06/09/irish_bards_were_rat_killers_according_to_poetry_and_folklore.html
|teideal = Irish Bards Could Kill Rats With Their Magical Poetry Powers
|ainm = John
|sloinne = Kelly
|publisher = Slate
|dáta = 9ú Meitheamh, 2016
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Foinsí ==
* {{cite book |title=A Chronological Account of Nearly Four Hundred Irish Writers |first=Edward |last=O'Reilly |location=Baile Átha Cliath |year=1820}} Athchló 1970.
* {{cite book |title=The history and antiquities of the diocese of Kilmacduagh |url=https://archive.org/details/historyandantiq01fahegoog |author-link=Jerome A. Fahey |last=Fahey |first=Jerome A. |location=Baile Átha Cliath |year=1893 }}
* {{cite book |title=The story of an Irish property |author-link=Robert Rait |first=Robert S. |last=Rait |publisher=OUP |year=1908}}
* {{cite book |title=Master Poets and Their Kings in Late Celtic Society |first=Bennett |last=Blumenberg |year=1993 }}
* Dofallsigud&lt;ref&gt;[http://dil.ie/22891 foillsigid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003063950/http://dil.ie/22891 |date=2021-10-03 }}, cf foilse srl., ar eDIL&lt;/ref&gt; [[Táin Bó Cuailnge|Tána Bó Cuailnge]] (&quot;Áth-aimsiú...&quot;), sa [[Leabhar Laighneach]].
* {{lua idirlín |ainm = Elva |sloinne = Johnston |teideal = Senchán Torpéist (fl. 6th–7th cent.) |dáta = Meán Fómhair 2004 |bliain = 2006 |url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/25084 |foilsitheoir = Oxford DNB| dátarochtana = 21d Aibreán 2010 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/25084 }}
* [[Rudolf Thurneysen]], &quot;Colman mac Lenene und Senchan Torpeist&quot;, [[Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie]] 19 (1933) ll. 193–209
* J. G. O'Keefe, eag., 'Mac Dá Cherda and Cummaine Foda', [[Ériu (iriseán)|Ériu]], 5 (1911), ll. 18–44
* [[James Carney]], 'Three Old Irish Accentual Poems', Ériu Vol. 22 (1971), ll.&amp;nbsp;23–80

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.jstor.org/pss/25507373 Some Places of Interest], Journal Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, iml. 34, ll. 211-219
* Léirmheas ar [http://www.jstor.org/pss/25508057 The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Kilmacduagh], J. Fahy, Journal Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, iml. 3, ll. 325-326
* [https://archive.org/stream/storyofirishprop00raitiala/storyofirishprop00raitiala_djvu.txt The story of an Irish property], Robert S. Rait, 1906
* &lt;strike&gt;http://home.earthlink.net/~merlynne6/eBooks/OLLAV.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184541/http://home.earthlink.net/~merlynne6/eBooks/OLLAV.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}&lt;/strike&gt;
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110122221123/http://sphinx-suche.de/weissagungen/katzenorakel.htm Katzenorakel], sphinx-suche.de ''via'' archive.org

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-bef | roimh = [[Dallán Forgaill]]}}
{{s-ttl | teideal = [[Ollamh Éireann]] | bliain = c.640–c.649}}
{{s-aft | tar éis = [[Máel Muire Othna]]}}
{{s-end}}
&lt;!--
{{s-start}}
{{s-bef | before=unknown}}
{{s-ttl | title=Chief Poet of Connacht|Chief Poet of Connacht| years=?–598}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Ceallach ua Maílcorgus]]}}
{{s-end}}
--&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Seanchan Torpest}}
[[Catagóir:Ollaimh Éireann]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6712" sha1="4sfsucx2gjvyfdoaxmqn1ho2pxbxek9" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta
|nom_original = Futbolo klubas Kauno Žalgiris|
| colors = {{color box|white}} {{color box|green}} [[bán]], [[glas]] |
| president = {{bratach|Lithuania}} [[Mantas Kalnietis]] |
| lliga = [[TOPLYGA]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]&lt;/ref&gt; |
|equipament={{Trealamh spóirt iolracha ||pattern_la1=_hummelcoreXKjbw
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Is club [[Sacar|sacair]] é '''Kauno Žalgirio futbolo klubas''' as [[Kaunas]]. Bunaíodh an club sa bhliain 2005, agus imríonn sé san [[TOPLYGA]].

== Trófaithe ==
;Náisiúnta
*'''TOPLYGA, A lyga''' (2): 2025, 2026
*'''LFF taurė''' (1): 2026
*'''Supertaurė''' (1): 2026&lt;ref&gt;[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/kauno-zalgiris-pirma-karta-laimejo-supertaure/9311 „Kauno Žalgiris“ pirmą kartą laimėjo Supertaurę]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sportas.lt/naujiena/535713/kauno-zalgiris-iskovojo-pirmaji-sezono-trofeju „Kauno Žalgiris“ iškovojo pirmąjį sezono trofėjų]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== FK Spyris (-2015) ===
{|  class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
!Bliain
!Leibhéal
!Sraith
!Áit
!@
|-
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2013'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2013.html#1lyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2014'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''4.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#1lyga&lt;/ref&gt;
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{increase}} '''A lyga 2015'''
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2015|2015]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== FK Kauno Žalgiris (2016-) ===
{|  class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
!Bliain
!Leibhéal
!Sraith
!Áit
!@
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2016|2016]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''8.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2017|2017]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''8.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2018|2018]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2019|2019]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''4.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2020|2020]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DEB678&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''3.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2021|2021]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#DEB678&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''3.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2022|2022]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#BBBBBB&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;[https://us.soccerway.com/national/lithuania/a-lyga/2022/regular-season/r66911/ 2022 på Soccerway]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2023|2023]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''4.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2024|2024]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DEB678&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''3.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2025|2025]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#FFDD00&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2026'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[TOPLYGA]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://zalgiris.lt/komandos/fk-kauno-zalgiris Suíomh oifigiúil an chlub] 
* [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/k-zalgiris FK Kauno Žalgiris] toplyga.lt 
* [https://us.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/spyris-kaunas/8413/ FK Kauno Žalgiris] Soccerway

[[Catagóir:Kaunas]]
[[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na Liotuáine|Kauno Žalgiris]]</text>
      <sha1>4sfsucx2gjvyfdoaxmqn1ho2pxbxek9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331672</id>
      <parentid>1331671</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T12:37:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Makenzis</username>
        <id>33766</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* FK Kauno Žalgiris (2016-) */</comment>
      <origin>1331672</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6713" sha1="dt1sk8nmjzm5nz3l57eknvp74smisao" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta
|nom_original = Futbolo klubas Kauno Žalgiris|
| colors = {{color box|white}} {{color box|green}} [[bán]], [[glas]] |
| president = {{bratach|Lithuania}} [[Mantas Kalnietis]] |
| lliga = [[TOPLYGA]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]&lt;/ref&gt; |
|equipament={{Trealamh spóirt iolracha ||pattern_la1=_hummelcoreXKjbw
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|socks2=FFFFFF 
| title_kit1 = Baile
| title_kit2 = As baile
}}
}}

Is club [[Sacar|sacair]] é '''Kauno Žalgirio futbolo klubas''' as [[Kaunas]]. Bunaíodh an club sa bhliain 2005, agus imríonn sé san [[TOPLYGA]].

== Trófaithe ==
;Náisiúnta
*'''TOPLYGA, A lyga''' (2): 2025, 2026
*'''LFF taurė''' (1): 2026
*'''Supertaurė''' (1): 2026&lt;ref&gt;[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/kauno-zalgiris-pirma-karta-laimejo-supertaure/9311 „Kauno Žalgiris“ pirmą kartą laimėjo Supertaurę]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sportas.lt/naujiena/535713/kauno-zalgiris-iskovojo-pirmaji-sezono-trofeju „Kauno Žalgiris“ iškovojo pirmąjį sezono trofėjų]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== FK Spyris (-2015) ===
{|  class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
!Bliain
!Leibhéal
!Sraith
!Áit
!@
|-
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2013'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2013.html#1lyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2014'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F4DC93&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[Pirma lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''4.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#1lyga&lt;/ref&gt;
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{increase}} '''A lyga 2015'''
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2015|2015]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== FK Kauno Žalgiris (2016-) ===
{|  class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|-
!Bliain
!Leibhéal
!Sraith
!Áit
!@
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2016|2016]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''8.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2017|2017]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''8.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2018|2018]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''5.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2019|2019]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''4.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2020|2020]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#ddffdd&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DEB678&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''3.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2021|2021]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#DEB678&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''3.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2022|2022]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]''' 
| bgcolor=&quot;#BBBBBB&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2.''' 
| &lt;ref&gt;[https://us.soccerway.com/national/lithuania/a-lyga/2022/regular-season/r66911/ 2022 på Soccerway]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2023|2023]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#F5F5F5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''4.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2024|2024]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DEB678&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''3.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga 2025|2025]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[A lyga]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#FFDD00&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''2026'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#DDFFDD&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''[[TOPLYGA]]'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#FFDD00&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''1.'''
| &lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://zalgiris.lt/komandos/fk-kauno-zalgiris Suíomh oifigiúil an chlub] 
* [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/k-zalgiris FK Kauno Žalgiris] toplyga.lt 
* [https://us.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/spyris-kaunas/8413/ FK Kauno Žalgiris] Soccerway

[[Catagóir:Kaunas]]
[[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na Liotuáine|Kauno Žalgiris]]</text>
      <sha1>dt1sk8nmjzm5nz3l57eknvp74smisao</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uí Raghallaigh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>101894</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331732</id>
      <parentid>1315277</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T17:36:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>47196</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>1331732</origin>
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      <text bytes="9762" sha1="61ttzrdh3okn4zs15ud98psd8mwlpup" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Interwiki from P460|Interwiki}}
[[Íomhá:Coat of arms of O'Reilly.svg|135px|mion|Armas Uí Raghallaigh]]
[[Íomhá:Cavan crest.svg|180px|mion|Suaitheantas 'millte' Uí Raghallaigh ar armas [[Contae an Chabháin|Chontae an Chabháin]], a gceantar dúchais]]

Clann Gaelach is ea '''Uí Raghallaigh''' a bhíodh go stairiúil ina rítheaghlach [[Bréifne Thoir|Bhréifne Thoir]] i g[[Contae an Chabháin]].  [[Connachta]] is ea iad, de mhuintir [[Uí Bhriúin]] Bhréifne, agus tá garghaol acu le clann [[Uí Ruairc]] as [[Bréifne Thiar]].

== Sanas ==
Meastar go bhfuil an t-ainm Raghallach bunaithe ar compounds ''rag'' ( &quot;cine, dream&quot;; m.s. [[Dartraí|Dart'''raí''']] [[Ciarraí|Ciar'''raí''']]) agus ''ceallach'' (le brí &quot;cairdiúil&quot;&lt;ref&gt;ach féach: [https://dil.ie/8563 cellach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219163638/https://dil.ie/8563 |date=2024-12-19 }} ar eDIL; [https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/ceallach ceannach&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;] ar teanglann.ie&lt;/ref&gt;).

Faightear an sloinne go forleathan ar fud na hÉireann, san 11ú háit is coitianta sa bhliain 1890&lt;ref&gt;Matheson, Robert E. (1894), ''Special report on surnames in Ireland, ...'', Baile Átha Cliath: For Her Majesty's Stationery Office by Alexander Thom &amp; Co. (Limited), lch. 9 ([https://archive.org/details/cu31924029805540/page/n11 le fáil ar líne online])&lt;/ref&gt; agus sa bhliain 1997.&lt;ref&gt;Murphy, Sean J. (2014), A Survey of Irish Surnames 1992–97. In: ''Studies in Irish Genealogy and Heraldry'', Windgates, Contae Chill Mhantáin, ll. 14–29 (céad chló 2008, eagrán is déanaí 2014) ([https://www.academia.edu/9204227/A_Survey_of_Irish_Surnames_1992-97 lch. 27])&lt;/ref&gt;

== Stair ==
Deirtear gur éag an sinsear eapainmneach, Raghallach mac Cathaláin, i rith [[Cath Chluain Tarbh|Chath Chluain Tarbh]] sa bhliain 1014.  D'éirigh an chlann ina rítheaghlach [[Bréifne Thoir|Bhréifne Thoir]], i g[[Contae an Chabháin]] agus [[Contae an Longfoirt]].

Go dtí an lae inniu, tá achrann ann idir taoisigh Uí Raghallaigh agus Uí Ruairc, maidir le teideal Rí Bhréifne (iomláin).&lt;ref name=Newerkla&gt;Newerkla, Stefan Michael (2020), Das irische Geschlecht O'Reilly und seine Verbindungen zu Österreich und Russland [The Irish O'Reilly family and their connections to Austria and Russia]. In: ''Diachronie – Ethnos – Tradition: Studien zur slawischen Sprachgeschichte [Diachrony – Ethnos – Tradition: Studies in Slavic Language History],'' eag. Jasmina Grković-Major, Natalia B. Korina, Stefan M. Newerkla, Fedor B. Poljakov, Svetlana M. Tolstaja. Brno, Tribun EU, ll. 259–279 ([https://uscholar.univie.ac.at/o:1405256 263–265])&lt;/ref&gt;  Socraíodh seo sa bhliain 1994 nuair a rialaigh Príomh aralt na hÉireann i leith Uí Ruairc. Cuireadh deireadh le teidil chúirtéise sa bhliain 2003.  Sa bhliain 2014, agus taoiseach nua Uí Raghallaigh tofa, thosaigh an t-achrann arís.

== Daoine ==
I measc daoine leis an sloinne Ó Raghallaigh (Ó Reilly, O'Riley), tá a leanas:

=== Ó Raghallaigh agus Ní Raghallaigh ===
* [[Aisling Ní Raghallaigh]]
* [[Éadbhard Ó Raghallaigh]]
* [[Máirtín Ó Raghallaigh]]
* [[Róisín Uí Mhadagáin Ní Raghallaigh]]
* [[Seán Pádraig Ó Raghallaigh]]
* [[Seán Seosamh Ó Raghallaigh]]
* [[Sorcha O'Raghallaigh]]

===Leagan galldaithe “O'Reilly”===
* [[Alejandro O'Reilly]] (1722–1794), dara gobharnóir Spáinneach de Louisiana
* [[Andrew O'Reilly von Ballinlough]] (1742–1832), ginearál Ostarach a rugadh i nÉirinn
* [[Bernard O'Reilly (údar)|Bernard O'Reilly]] (1903–1975), údar Astrálach
* [[Bernard O'Reilly (easpag Hartford)]] (1803–1856), easpag Caitliceach
* [[Bernard O'Reilly (easpag Liverpool)]] (1824–1894), easpag Caitliceach
* [[Bill O'Reilly (tráchtaire polaitiúil)|Bill O'Reilly]] (rugadh 1949), tráchtaire agus láithreoir teilifíse Meiriceánach de [[The O'Reilly Factor]] ar Fox News
* [[Bill O'Reilly (imreoir cruicéid)|Bill O'Reilly]], imreoir cruicéid Astrálach
* [[Bob O'Reilly]], imreoir rugbaí sraithe Astrálach
* [[Caitriona O'Reilly]], file agus léirmheastóir Éireannach
* [[Cal O'Reilly]], imreoir haca oighir Ceanadach
* [[Cameron O'Reilly]], fear gnó Éireannach agus Astrálach
* [[Cassia O'Reilly]], amhránaí Éireannach
* [[Charles O'Reilly]] (bás 1800), easpag Chille Móire ón mbliain 1798 go dtí 1800
* [[Danny O'Reilly]], príomhamhránaí leis an mbanna ceoil, The Coronas
* [[David O'Reilly (idirdhealú)|David O'Reilly]], roinnt daoine 
* [[Dermot O'Reilly]] (1942–2007), amhránaí Ceanadach a rugadh i Éirinn, leis an mbanna ceoil Ryan's Fancy, ag obair i dTalamh an Éisc agus Labradór
* [[Des O'Reilly]] (1954–2016), imreoir rugbaí sraithe Astrálach
* [[Emily O'Reilly]], iriseoir Éireannach
* [[Emma O'Reilly]], Irish fisiteiripeoir agus and cycling soigneuse rothaíochta Éireannach a bhí i bhfostú Lance Armstrong
* [[Finbarr O'Reilly]], grianghrafadóir Ceanadach
* [[Gary O'Reilly]], peileadóir Sasanach
* [[Genevieve O'Reilly]], aisteoir Éireannach
* [[Heather O'Reilly]] (rugadh 1985), peileadóir Meiriceánach
* [[Hugh Reily]] (1630–1695), Irish M.P. Éireannach agus údar polaitiúil
* [[James Reilly (polaiteoir Ceanadach)]] (1835–1909), fear gnó agus polaiteoir Ceanadach ar Alberta
* [[James O'Reilly (sagart)|James O'Reilly]], sagart Caitliceach Meiriceánach
* [[Jennifer O'Reilly]] (1943–2016), staraí meánaoise den Bhreatain agus Éirinn
* [[Jenny Quinn O'Reilly]] (1762–1802), rugadh [[Evgenia Ivanovna Vyazemskaya]], Prionsa [[Andrey Vyazemsky]], máthair an fhile Rúisigh [[Pyotr Vyazemsky]]
* [[Joe O'Reilly]], polaiteoir Éireannach 
* [[John Boyle O'Reilly]], file, úrscéalaí agus gníomhaí ar son na hÉireann (1844–1890)
* [[John C. Reilly]], aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[John Joe O'Reilly]], polaiteoir Éireannach (1881–1967)
* [[John O'Reilly (polaiteoir)|John O'Reilly]] (rugadh 1940), polaiteoir Ceanadach as Ontario
* [[John Reyly]] (recte O'Reilly) (c. 1646–1717), M.P. do Chontae an Chabháin i dParlaimint Parliament na hÉireann, 1689
* [[Kyle O'Reilly]] (rugadh 1987), ainm cró den choraí Ceanadach, Kyle Greenwood
* [[Leonora O'Reilly]], feimineach Meiriceánach 
* [[Louise O'Reilly]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[Luke O'Reilly (idirdhealú)]], roinnt daoine 
* [[Matthew O'Reilly]], feirmeoir agus polaiteoir Éireannach 
* [[Patrick O'Reilly (An Cabhán)|Patrick O'Reilly]], polaiteoir Éireannach as an gCabhán (1927–1994)
* [[Patrick O'Reilly (polaiteoir neamhspleách)|Patrick O'Reilly]], polaiteoir neamhspleách (1893–1972)
* [[Patrick Thomas O'Reilly]] (1833–1892), easpag Caitliceach Meiriceánach, rugadh i nÉirinn
* [[Peter O'Reilly (iománaí)]] (1902–1940), iománaí
* [[Philip O'Reilly (Cavan County M.P.)]] (c. 1600–1655), M.P. do Contae an Chabháin 
* [[Philip Og O'Reilly]] (c. 1640 – 1703), M.P. do Buirg Chabháin i bParlaimint na hÉireann, 1689
* [[Philip Reyley]] (recte O'Reilly) (c. 1630 – after 1689), M.P. don Chabhán Cavan County i bParlaimint na hÉireann, 1689
* [[Randall C. O'Reilly]] (rugadh 1967), ollamh síceolaíochta Meiriceánach, forbróir [[Leabra]]
* [[Robert O'Reilly]] (rugadh 1950), aisteoir Meiriceánach 
* [[Ruth O'Reilly]] (rugadh 1981), imreoir rugbaí Éireannach
* [[Ryan O'Reilly (ice hockey)]] (born 1991), imreoir haca oighir Ceanadach
* [[Ryan O'Reilly (coraí)]] (rugadh 1980), coraí Meiriceánach 
* Stephen O'Reilly (rugadh 1964) (aitheanta mar [[Stephen Egerton (guitarist)|Stephen Egerton]]), ceoltóir Meiriceánach
* [[Stephen O'Reilly (aistriú)|Stephen O'Reilly]], aisteoir Meiriceánach 
* [[Stephen O'Reilly (peileadóir)|Stephen O'Reilly]], peileadóir Astrálach
* [[Terry O'Reilly]], imreoir haca Ceanadach
* [[Thomas O'Reilly (polaiteoir)|Tom O'Reilly]] (1915–1995), polaiteoir Fhianna Fáil
* [[Thomas O'Reilly (Ciarraí)|Thomas O'Reilly]], polaiteoir Éireannach (bás 1944)
* [[Tim O'Reilly]] (rugadh 1954), bunaitheoir O'Reilly Media
* [[Tom O'Reilly (An Cabhán)|Tom O'Reilly]] (1915–1995), peileadóir agus polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[Tom O'Reilly (polaiteoir Fhear Manach)|Tom O'Reilly]], polaiteoir Shinn Féin
* [[Tom O'Reilly (rugbaí sraithe)|Tom O'Reilly]], imreoir rugbaí sraithe le Nua-Ghuine Phapua 
* [[Tony O'Reilly]] (rugadh 1936), fear gnó Éireannach
* [[Valli O'Reilly]], ealaíontóir smididh Meiriceánaigh

=== O'Riley ===
* [[Bunny Wailer]] (1947–2021), amhránaí reggae as Iamáice aitheanta mar Bhunny O'Riley
* [[Christopher O'Riley]] (rugadh 1956), pianódóir Meiriceánach
* [[Don O'Riley]] (1945–1997), caiteoir daorchluiche Meiriceánach 
* [[Matt O'Riley]] (rugadh 2000), peileadóir le Celtic F.C.

=== Pearsana ficseanúla ===
* Mr. O'Reilly, léirithe ag an aisteoir Éireannach by the Irish actor [[David Kelly (aisteoirí)|David Kelly]] i sraith &quot;[[The Builders]]&quot; de chuid ''[[Fawlty Towers]]''  
* Aloysius Umbongo N'Danga O'Reilly, san amhrán &quot;Baguette Dilemma for the Booker Prize Guy&quot; leis an mbanna ceoil [[Half Man Half Biscuit]] ar a n-albam 2014, ''[[Urge for Offal]]''
* Corporal Walter &quot;Radar&quot; O'Reilly, ''[[M*A*S*H]]''

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* ''[http://oreillyreillyclan.blogspot.co.uk/ O'Reilly Clan]
*[http://www.libraryireland.com/Pedigrees1/o-reilly-1-heremon.php O'Reilly (no. 1)] ar Leabharlann Náisiúnta Éireann
* ''[http://genforum.genealogy.com/oreilly/messages/855.html O'Reilly Genealogy- Some statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714155319/http://genforum.genealogy.com/oreilly/messages/855.html |date=2014-07-14 }}'' le Tom Smith
*''[https://uscholar.univie.ac.at/o:1405256 The Irish O'Reilly family and their connections to Austria and Russia]'' le Stefan M. Newerkla

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{Ríocht na gConnacht}}

[[Catagóir:Connachta]]</text>
      <sha1>61ttzrdh3okn4zs15ud98psd8mwlpup</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Órlaith ingen Cennétig</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>102031</id>
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      <id>1331750</id>
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      <text bytes="1978" sha1="a5bp1iu6y6vpjevmo7m5zswl5wnmuo2" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

[[Banríon]] [[Éire|Éireann]] ba ea '''Órlaith íngen Cennétig'''.  Cuireadh chun báis as adhaltranas í sa bhliain 941.

Is í Órlaith an t-aon iníon amháin le [[Cennétig mac Lorcáin|Cinnéide mac Lorcáin]], [[Ríthe na Tuadhmhumhan|rí Tuamhan]] (bás 951) a fheictear sna [[annála Éireann|hannála]].  I measc a dheartháireacha, bhí [[Mathgamain mac Cennétig|Mathúin]] ([[ríthe na Mumhan|rí Mhumhan]] c. 970-976) agus [[Brian Bóramha]] ([[Ardrí na hÉireann]] 1002–14).  An dara céile leis an Ardrí, [[Donnchad Donn]], a bhí sí.

Cúisíodh Órlaith i gcaidreamh collaí lena leasmhac, [[Aonghas mac Donnchadha Dhoinn]].  Fuarthas ciontach í agus cuireadh chun báis í, cé nach fios cén chaoi.  Mhair Aonghas agus tháinig seo gcomharbacht ar a athair.  Ní fios an raibh clann aici féin.

== Tagairt annál ==
Insítear i ''[[Chronicon Scotorum]]'' ''sub anno'' 941, state that:&lt;ref&gt;[[Chronicon Scotorum]], CS 941&lt;/ref&gt;
:''Orlaith ingen Cinneididh meic Lorcáin do bas la Donnchadh mac Flainn rí Eirenn iarna liudh&lt;ref&gt;[https://dil.ie/30216 liïd (b)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610094701/https://dil.ie/30216 |date=2022-06-10 }}, líomhain, cúisigh [i gcaidreamh collaí neamhcheadaithe]&lt;/ref&gt; for Aongus for a mac.

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Órlaith]]

== Foinsí ==
* [[Francis John Byrne|Byrne, Francis John]], ''Irish Kings and High-Kings.'' Batsford, Londain, 1973. {{ISBN|0-7134-5882-8}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100016/index.html Chronicon Scotorum] ar [[Corpus of Electronic Texts]]
* {{lua idirlín |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/50107 |teideal = Donnchad Donn mac Flainn (d. 944) |dátarochtana=2007-02-15 |sloinne=Doherty |ainm=Charles |bliain=2004 |work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |foilsitheoir=Oxford University Press }}

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Orlaith Ingen Cennetig}}

[[Catagóir:Mumhain]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uí Allmhuráin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>102242</id>
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      <text bytes="4577" sha1="d7qxbaggsfn6eycw3fzbqi0fzw2tykn" xml:space="preserve">Ainm de dhá chlann éagsúla i nÉirinn is ea ''' Uí hAllmhuráin ''' nó ''' Uí hAlluráin''',&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín |url=http://deworde.blogspot.com/2016/10/ |teideal=RIHLA (Journey 61):EATS SHOOTS AND LEAVES PANDA STYLE– Witness to the Beginning and End of a Medieval City State 1232 -1694 |ainm=Derham |sloinne=Roger |dáta=2016-10-28 |website=WINDSONG |dátarochtana=2018-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; ceann amháin i g[[Contae na Gaillimhe]] ([[Connachta]]) agus eile in oirdheisceart {{h|Contae an Chláir}} ([[Dál gCais]]).

[[Íomhá:The arms of the O'Halloran.png|mion|Armas Uí hAllmhurain]]

== Sanas ==
Tá an sloinne fréamhaithe ó ''allmuir''&lt;ref&gt;[https://dil.ie/2979 allmuir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127203615/http://www.dil.ie/2979 |date=2021-11-27 }}, duine ón iasacht, eachtrannach&lt;/ref&gt; na [[Meán-Ghaeilge]].  Tugann an focal le fios gurbh 'allmhaireoirí' a bhí ann sa chlann.

== Connachta ==
Tiarnaí agus príomhchlann i g[[Clann Fhearghaile]] ba ea Uí hAllmhuráin na gConnacht.&lt;ref&gt;Hardinan's West Connaught&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín |url=http://www.libraryireland.com/Pedigrees1/o-halloran-heremon.php |teideal=Lords of Clan Fergail County Galway}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín |url=http://deworde.blogspot.com/2016/10/ |teideal=THE HALL OF THE RED EARL, GALWAY – Witness to the Beginning and End of a Medieval City State 1232 -1694 |ainm=Derham |sinne=Roger |dáta=2016-10-28 |website=WINDSONG |dátarochtanae=2018-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Sa dara haois déag, bhí Uí hAllmhuráin ina dtaoisigh ar ceithre {{h|tuath}} is fiche ann, taobh thiar d'abhainn na [[Gaillimh]]e.  Sa tríú haois déag, cuireadh an chlann as a críocha dúchais ag ionróirí [[de Búrca]].  B'éigean dóibh, Uí hAllmhuráin [[Uí Fhlaithbheartaigh]], do ar imirce go dtí [[Iar Chonnacht]], air a thig siad caisleán O'Hery (i [[Maigh Cuilinn, Barúntacht|Maigh Cuilinn]]).&lt;ref&gt;Hardinan's West Connaught&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín |url=http://www.libraryireland.com/Pedigrees1/o-halloran-heremon.php |teideal=Lords of Clan Fergail, County Galway}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is é mana Cian na Gaillimhe ná ''Clann Fhearghaile Abú'', as a muintir.

== Dál gCais ==
[[Rítheaghlaigh Ghaelacha|Rítheaghlach]] Dhál Chais ba ea an chlann sa [[Tuamhain]].

== Daoine ==
* [[Barry O'Halloran]], iriseoir Éireannach
* [[Brian O'Halloran]], aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[David O'Halloran]], peileadóir Astrálach
* [[Dustin O'Halloran]], pianódóir agus cumadóir Meiriceánach
* [[Hal O'Halloran]], craoltóir raidió Meiriceánach
* [[Jack O'Halloran]], dornálaí agus aistriú Meiriceánach 
* [[James O'Halloran]], dlíodóir agus polaiteoir Ceanadach
* [[Joseph O'Halloran]] (1763–1843), maorghinearál san East India Company
* [[Kay O'Halloran]], acadóir a rugadh san Astráil
* [[Keith O'Halloran]], peileadóir Éireannach
* [[Kevin O'Halloran]] (1937–1976), snámhóir Astrálach
* [[Kevin O'Halloran (peileadóir)]] (1915–1976), imreoir an peile Astrálach
* [[Mark O'Halloran (rugbaí sraithe)]], imreoir rugbaí sraithe Astrálach
* [[Mark O'Halloran (údar)]], aisteoir agus scríbhneoir scripte Éireannach
* [[Michael O'Halloran (UK politician)]], polaiteoir Sasanach
* [[Michael O'Halloran (peileadóir)]], peileadóir Albanach 
* [[Mick O'Halloran]] (1893–1960), polaiteoir ón Aifric Theas
* [[Sharyn O'Halloran]], Professor of Political Economics at Columbia University
* [[Stephen O'Halloran]] (rugadh 1987), peileadóir le Stalybridge Celtic
* [[Sylvester O'Halloran]] (1728–1807), dochtúir Éireannach
* [[Thomas O'Halloran (Australian footballer)]] (1904–1956), peileadóir Astrálach
* [[Thomas Shuldham O'Halloran]] (1797–1870), Garda san Astráil Theas
* [[Thomas Joseph Shuldham O'Halloran]] (1835–1922)
* [[Thomas Shuldham O'Halloran (dlíodóir)]] (1865–1945), dlíodóir
* [[Tom O'Halleran]] (born 1946), polaiteoir Meiriceánach
* [[Tom O'Halloran (Australian footballer)]] (1892–1970), peileadóir Astrálach le South Melbourne
* [[Tom O'Halloran (climber)]] (born 1992), dreapadóir aille Astrálach
* [[William O'Halloran (ceardchumannaí)]] (rugadh c. 1870), ceardchumannaí as an nGaillimh
* [[William O'Halloran (imreoir cruicéid)]] (1934–1994), imreoir cruicéid Astrálach
* [[William Littlejohn O'Halloran]] (1806–1885), oifigeach in Arm na Breataine agus fostaí sa tseirbhís phoiblí san Astráil Theas

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Rítheaghlaigh Ghaelacha]]
* [[Crichaireacht cinedach nduchasa Muintiri Murchada]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Allmhurain}}
[[Catagóir:Connachta]]
[[Catagóir:Dál gCais]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Séamas Mac Daidhir</title>
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    <id>103660</id>
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      <text bytes="2551" sha1="pnpblk0kjois420do0mtx9sdwqbequg" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
[[Sagart|Sagart Caitliceach]] agus feachtasóir ar son cearta daoine sna ceantair is boichte in [[Éire|Éirinn]] ab ea '''Séamas Mac Daidhir''' (nó '''James McDyer''', 1910–1987).

Rugadh an Canónach Mac Daidhir sna [[Na Gleannta|Gleannta]], [[Contae Dhún na nGall]], ar 14 Meán Fómhair 1910, an duine ab óige de sheachtar clainne. D’fhreastail sé ar Scoil Náisiúnta na nGleanntach sula ndeachaigh sé go [[Coláiste Naomh Adhamhnáin]], [[Leitir Ceanainn]]. Sa bhliain 1930, chuaigh sé go [[Coláiste Phádraig, Má Nuad]] chun léann sagartachta a fháil. Oirníodh é 20 Meitheamh 1937. Bhí sé ina shagart i [[Londain]] le linn [[An Bliotsa|an Bhliotsa]], ansin in Wandsworth agus in Kent,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mayonews.ie/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=11009:champion-of-the-marginalised&amp;catid=28&amp;Itemid=100004 Champion of the Marginalised] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040826/http://www.mayonews.ie/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=11009:champion-of-the-marginalised&amp;catid=28&amp;Itemid=100004 |date=2016-03-04 }} by Fr. Kevin Hegarty, Mayo News, 5 October 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; agus ina dhiaidh sin d'fhill sé ar Dhún na nGall (i [[Toraigh|dToraigh]]) ó 1947.

Sa bhliain 1951, cuireadh an tAth. Mac Daidhir go dtí [[Gleann Cholm Cille]] i [[An Ghaeltacht|nGaeltacht]] Dhún na nGall, áit ar fhorbair sé áiseanna pobail (ní raibh leictreachas sa cheantar ag an am), agus thacaigh sé le tionscnaimh chun meath an cheantair a stopadh, trí thionscail áitiúla a fhorbairt, chomh maith le daonbhaile agus músaem Ghleann Cholm Cille.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.glenfolkvillage.com/frmcdyer.htm Athar Mhic Daidhir / Father McDyer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041514/http://www.glenfolkvillage.com/frmcdyer.htm |date=2016-03-04 }} Daonbhaile Ghleann Cholm Cille&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-greg-stevenson-09.aspx|teideal=Greg Stevenson 09|údar=Tony Birtill|dátarochtana=2022-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuaigh sé ar scor sa bhliain 1986 agus d’éag sé ina chodladh 25 Samhain 1987.

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20231029051349/https://molsceal.ie/toradh/alt/?CID=5967853657001 Comóradh in ómós don Athair Mac Daidhir ar [[TG4]], 1997]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daidhir, Seamas Mac}}
[[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Choláiste Phádraig, Má Nuad]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1987]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1910]]
[[Catagóir:Sagairt Chaitliceacha sa 20ú haois]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tomás Ó Máille</title>
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Ba é '''Tomás Ó Máille''' an chéad Ollamh le Gaeilge i g[[Ollscoil na Gaillimhe|Coláiste na hOllscoile Gaillimh]] ó 1909 go lá a bháis i 1938 ([[30 Márta]] [[1880]] - [[15 Eanáir]] [[1938]]). Bhí sé ar dhuine de mhór-scoláirí Gaeilge a linne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.universityofgalway.ie/tomasomaille-ga/#|teideal=Tomás Ó Máille - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe|work=www.universityofgalway.ie|dátarochtana=2022-11-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=356|teideal=Ó MÁILLE, Tomás (1880–1938)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2022-11-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/radio1/clips/22168006/|teideal=Culture and Citizenship: Tomás Ó Máille|údar=History Show|language=en|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2022-11-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/o-maille-tomas-a6397|teideal=Ó Máille, Tomás {{!}} Dictionary of Irish Biography|language=en|work=www.dib.ie|dátarochtana=2022-11-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Tomás Ó Máille, 1930idí, Ollamh le Gaeilge i gColáiste na hOllscoile Gaillimh .jpg|clé|mion|Tomás Ó Máille sna 1930idí, i gColáiste na hOllscoile Gaillimh ]]

== Beatha ==
Saolaíodh an Máilleach do theaghlach rathúil i nGleann an Mháma i gConamara in 1880. Bhain sé céim B.A. Ollscoil Ríoga na hÉireann amach sa Cheiltis, sa Bhéarla agus sa Mhata-fisic i 1905.  Oileadh é ansin i Manchain (bronnadh MA air ansiúd), Learpholl, Baden, Beirlín, agus Freiburg, áit ar bronnadh dochtúireacht Ph.D air sa bhliain 1909. 

=== Teangeolaí ===
Ó 1928 ar aghaidh, chruthaigh an Máilleach na céadta taifeadadh fuaime de chainteoirí Gaeilge as Connacht agus as an gClár, agus chuidigh le bailitheoirí agus scoláirí eile taifeadtaí a dhéanamh.

=== Poblachtánach ===
Deartháir ba ea é le Micheál agus [[Pádraic Ó Máille|Pádraig Ó Máille]], TD srl.

Ó 1917 go 1920 bhí sé ina eagarthóir ar ''[[An Stoc]]''.

Thacaigh an Máilleach leis na hÓglaigh agus le Colún Reatha Chonamara Thiar. Aithnítear go bhfuil oidhreacht spleodrach Uí Mháille ar chomhchéim le hoidhreacht a chomhghuallaithe i gCogadh na Saoirse, na h-intleachtóirí radacacha agus ceannairí an chultúir agus na polaitíochta, ina measc a chara Pádraig Mac Piarais agus na fir léinn Tomás Mac Donncha agus Éamon de Valera.

=== Pearsanta ===
Phós sé Eibhlín Ní Scannláin ón bhFearann Fuar, Co. Chiarraí..  Ní raibh sé 58 bliain d'aois nuair a d'éag [[15 Eanáir]] [[1938]].

== Féach freisin ==

* ''[[An Stoc]]''

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221109004732/https://exhibitions.library.nuigalway.ie/s/nuigalway-1916/item/1700 Cartlann Uí Mháille] in Ollscoil na Gaillimhe&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://exhibitions.library.nuigalway.ie/s/nuigalway-1916/item/1700|teideal=Tomás Ó Máille, a native of Connemara, became the College’s first Professor of Irish in 1909 · University of Galway Digital Exhibitions|language=en-US|work=exhibitions.library.nuigalway.ie|dátarochtana=2022-11-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109004732/https://exhibitions.library.nuigalway.ie/s/nuigalway-1916/item/1700|archivedate=2022-11-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Máille, Tomás Ó}}
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1938]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1880]]
[[Catagóir:Scoláirí an Léinn Cheiltigh]]
[[Catagóir:Iar-eagarthóirí ar iar-nuachtáin Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Eagarthóirí ar nuachtáin Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae na Gaillimhe]]
[[Catagóir:Teangeolaithe Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Scoláirí Gaeilge]]</text>
      <sha1>1nmkkew9h1l9rp4xow9349bg0x4pl0n</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Valk (bád)</title>
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      <text bytes="2250" sha1="4gaih2nh0ur6l2vjjucusnxonr3xbi1" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Valk757.jpg|mion|Valk757]]
Is [[Seoltóireacht|bád seoil]] meánmhéide ón [[Ísiltír]] é an '''Valk'''. Is féidir le beirt bádóirí an Valk a sheoladh i gcomórtas. Tá dromlach géar agus [[cíle]] suite aige. Is bád comórtais é an Valk, atá déanta as sraithadhmad, agus úsáidtear an ''polyvalk'' (Valk [[poileistear]]) don chleachtadh agus don athchruthú.

== Tréithe ==
Tá an bád faoi rige [[slúpa]] le [[rige geaifil]] agus tá achar dromchla 12 m² ar an seol mór. Tá [[gineo]] 6.5m² agus [[spionacar]] 14.5 m² ag leaganacha comórtais, ach de ghnáth ní bhíonn ach [[seol jibe]] 4 m² ar an gcuid is mó den valk agus polyvalk.

Cé nach bhfuil cábán ar an Valk, is féidir le ceathrar daoine bheith ina gcodladh ar bord le [[puball]] ag crochadh ón [[geaifil|gheaifil]].
[[Íomhá:Valk Segelzeichen.svg|mion|Lógó an Valk]]
Buntáiste nuair a bhíonn an bád ar thuras ná gur beag an rolladh air agus ní bhíonn mórán uisce ag splancadh ann. Tá an bád an-oiriúnach d'uiscí intíre.

== Íomhánna stairiúla ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;165&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot;&gt;
Íomhá:Derde_dag_van_Internationale_Hollandweek_op_Loosdrechtse_Plassen_._Zeilboten_op_,_Bestanddeelnr_912-7848.jpg|link=Bestand:Derde_dag_van_Internationale_Hollandweek_op_Loosdrechtse_Plassen_._Zeilboten_op_,_Bestanddeelnr_912-7848.jpg|Loosdrecht 1961
Íomhá:Loosdrecht_Hollandweek._De_Valken_in_het_voordewindse_rak,_Bestanddeelnr_921-5393.jpg|link=Bestand:Loosdrecht_Hollandweek._De_Valken_in_het_voordewindse_rak,_Bestanddeelnr_921-5393.jpg|Loosdrecht 1963
Íomhá:Start_Sneekweek_1955,_Valkenklasse,_Bestanddeelnr_907-2772.jpg|link=Bestand:Start_Sneekweek_1955,_Valkenklasse,_Bestanddeelnr_907-2772.jpg|alt=Sneek 1965|Sníomh 1965
Íomhá:Zeilwedstrijden_op_Brasemermeer,_de_Vrijheids_gaan_hier_voor_de_wind,_Bestanddeelnr_917-9532.jpg|link=Bestand:Zeilwedstrijden_op_Brasemermeer,_de_Vrijheids_gaan_hier_voor_de_wind,_Bestanddeelnr_917-9532.jpg|alt=Brasem 1965|Braon 1965
&lt;/gallery&gt;

* [http://www.valkenklasse.nl Suíomh Gréasáin Rang an Valk]
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20240129234102/http://www.stadtdesign.com/history/eg_van_de_stadt Stair an Valk]
 
[[Catagóir:Seoltóireacht]]
[[Catagóir:Báid]]
[[Catagóir:Spórt]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stiofán Ó Cualáin (amhránaí)</title>
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Is feirmeoir agus amhránaí ar an sean-nós as [[Baile na Cille, Contae na Gaillimhe (Maigh Cuilinn)|Baile na Cille]], [[Leitir Mealláin]] é '''Stiofán Ó Cualáin'''. Bhuaigh sé [[Corn Uí Riada]] ag [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge]] in 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/treibh/oireachtas-dhoire-1.1026399|teideal=Oireachtas Dhoire|dáta=2006-11-08|dátarochtana=2024-02-03|work=[[Irish Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240204004617/https://seannos.tg4.ie/baile/amhranaithe/stiofan-o-cualain/ TG4 Cartlann Sean-Nóis]
* [https://www.rte.ie/radio/podcasts/22336682-stiofan-o-cualain-amhranai/ Comhrá na Seachtaine ar Iris Aniar, 21 Nollaig 2023]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Cualáin, Stiofán Ó}}
[[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Buaiteoirí Chorn Uí Riada]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Seosamh Ó Guairim</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>118053</id>
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File agus ceoltóir Gaeilge ó [[Roisín na Mainiach]], Carna, Co. na Gaillimhe, ab ea '''Seosamh Ó Guairim''' nó '''Josie Joe Pheadair'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/josie-joe-pheadair-file-nach-raibh-aon-teorainn-lena-chumas-a-thug-se-leis-o-dhuchas/|teideal=Josie Joe Pheadair – file nach raibh aon teorainn lena chumas, a thug sé leis ó dhúchas}}&lt;/ref&gt; mar ab fhearr aithne air. An 6 Márta 2017 a bhásaigh Seosamh Ó Guairim gan é ach bliain le cois na dtrí scór.

&quot;Thaitin ceol tíre, rap agus hip hap leis agus tagann a gcuid rithimí isteach ina chuid filíochta féin go rialta.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=5044&amp;AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1|teideal=Ó GUAIRIM, Seosamh (1955–2017)|language=ga-IE|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2025-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Micheál Ó Conghaile]].

&quot;Thug Seosamh Ó Guairim, beannacht Dé leis, rap ar cheann dosna dánta deireanacha a tháinig uaidh, ‘An iomarca Spadhar in Áras na nGadhar’, agus is píosa nótáilte é lán d’aiteas, de shamhlaíocht, de ghinias.&quot; [[Séamus Barra Ó Súilleabháin]]		

==Saothair==

* ''Croí na Cloiche'', Seosamh Ó Guairim, Cló Iar-Chonnachta, 1995
* Trá Thaoille na nÉan (1986)
* http://46.22.129.74/items/show/367#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv= {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Foilsíodh dánta leis in [[Iris an Phléaráca]], 1997, (Cartlann an Phléaráca, faoi chúram Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh)&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dánta le Seosamh Ó Guairim|url=https://cartlann.ie/items/show/367#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=|date=1997|language=ga|author=Seosamh Ó Guairim}} {{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Téann Ó Guairim i ngleic le fadhbanna iomadúla an lae inniu sa chnuasach seo. &quot;Briseann guthanna ársa trí ghuth an Ghuairimigh agus an file i ngleic le fadhbanna iomadúla an tsaoil. An ciúnas . . . an fiántas . . . an focal a scoilteann an tost . . . an náire . . . an fhís . . . an díomá. Gearánach agus moltach. An greann . . . an leamhas . . . d’fhéadfadh sé gurb é Seosamh Ó Guairim an file is ilghlóraí i gConamara.&quot; – [[Gabriel Rosenstock]]

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [https://soundcloud.com/tuairisc/seosamhoguairim-focalisfuaim Seosamh Ó Guairim ag léamh as a chnuasach Croí na Cloiche]
* [https://soundcloud.com/user-353752187/aras-na-ngadhar-le-seosamh-o-guairim-a-ra-ag-seaghan-mac-an-tsionnaigh Áras na nGadhar le Seosamh Ó Guairim] - á rá ag [[Seaghan Mac an tSionnaigh]]
* [https://www.obheal.ie/blog/audio/Guest%20Reading%20-%20Seosamh%20O%20Guairim.mp3 Taifead as Ó Bhéal];
* [https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/togha-agus-rogha-de-domhnaigh/2022/0306/1284737-togha-agus-rogha-d-domhnaigh-6-mrta-2022 Dán leis, ar thug sé rap air, ag 12.56 sa chlár.]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Síol-beath-ie}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guairim, Seosamh Ó}}
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2017]]
[[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1955]]
[[Catagóir:Filí na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1479" sha1="d5qtjcwqsfe70fr2ptfmjo5flt2d5ji" xml:space="preserve">{{teideal iodálach}}

[[Íomhá:Cuchulain in Battle.jpg|thumb|[[Cú Chulainn]] i mbun catha, ag mionn ''{{lang|sga|tongu do dia toinges mo thúath}}'' chun a chéile comhraic destroy, le feiceáil san [[Lebor na hUidre|athleagan is luaithe]] den ''[[Táin Bó Cúailnge]]'']]

Is gnáthmhionn [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] i luath[[litríocht na hÉireann]] é '''{{lang|sga|tongu do dia toinges mo thúath}}''', nó 'Mionnaím&lt;ref group=n&gt;''tongu'', eDIL s.v. ''[https://dil.ie/41385 tongaid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250607043522/https://dil.ie/41385 |date=2025-06-07 }}''&lt;/ref&gt; do dhia (mar) a mhionníonn&lt;ref group=n&gt;toinges, foirm choibhneasta, ''cf'' &quot;mar a leanas&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; mo thuath.'&lt;ref group=n&gt;[[túath]], muintir, ''srl.&lt;/ref&gt;  Is sách coiteann iad sna seanscéalta a leithéid d'abairt, agus an laoch ag fógairt go ndéana sé éacht éigin.

Dar le roinnt scoláirí, is iarsma d'[[Ildiachas Ceilteach]] é an mionn seo.  Bhí [[Joseph Vendryes]] den tuairim go raibh an dia Ceilteach [[Teutates]] ag a bhun, agus mhol [[Calvert Watkins]] go raibh fréamhacha aige i b[[Próta-Ind-Eorpais]].  Ar an láimh eile, dúirt Ruairí Ó hUiginn gur cumadh an mionn ag scoláirí Chríostaí, rud de réir na seanscéalta págánacha.

Pléitear [[geis]] i gcomhthéacs an mhionna.  Mhol [[John T. Koch]] gur cumadh é mar atá chun focal coiscthe a sheachaint.

== Nótaí ==
{{notelist}}

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{síol-ie}}

[[Catagóir:Cultúr Gaelach]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda</title>
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      <text bytes="42760" sha1="2dq65uk5e30tn01p501yo0sqskn1ry0" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

== Ceanntásc ==

••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir

* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming 
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy


* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]

* [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]]
** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]]
*** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]


{| class= wikitable 
|+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s)

! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht
|-
| Grian
| [[Grianfhuinneamh]]
| [[Grianchumhacht]]
|-
| Gaoth
| [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]
| [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
|-
| Uisce
| [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]]
| [[Hidrileictreachas]]
|-
| Geo
| [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]]
| [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]
|-
| Bith
| [[Bithbhreosla]]
| [[]]
|-
| Tonn
| [[Fuinneamh toinne]]
| [[Cumhacht toinne]]
|}

== Ábhair ==
=== Cúiseanna ===
* [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]]
# [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]]
#* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]]
# ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]]
# Climate action
# Climate change denial


* [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]]

=== Aontas Eorpach ===
* [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], &lt;s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=&lt;/s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]

=== Náisiúin Aontaithe ===
* [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]]
* [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]]
* [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]]

=== Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar ===
* [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]]
# ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]]
#* [[Tairif carbóin]]
# ''[[:en:Carbon pricing|Carbon pricing]]'' - [[Praghsáil carbóin]]
# ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]]
# ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]]
#* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]]
# ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]]
#* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]
# ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]]
# ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]]

== ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' ==
&lt;ref name=iate /&gt;


== Role of climate change conferences 
'' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources.

'' The UN Climate Change Conferences&lt;ref name=uncc /&gt; serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts.

== Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! Bliain
! Ainm
! Tír, cathair óstach 
! Uachtarán
! Tír uachtaránachta
! Grúpa réigiúnach
|-
| 1995
| [[#1995|COP&amp;nbsp;1]]
| [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin
| [[Angela Merkel]]
| {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}}
| [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]]
|-
|1996
|[[#1996|COP&amp;nbsp;2]]
|[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis
|[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|[[Grúpa na hAfraice]]
|-
|1997
|[[#1997|COP&amp;nbsp;3]]
|[[Kyoto]], Japan
|[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|-
|1998
|[[#1998|COP&amp;nbsp;4]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[María Julia Alsogaray]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|1999
|[[#1999|COP&amp;nbsp;5]]
|[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin
|[[Jan Szyszko]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2000
|[[#2000|COP&amp;nbsp;6]]
|[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír
|[[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2001
|[[#2001|COP&amp;nbsp;6-2]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
| [[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]] 
|-
|2001
|[[#COP&amp;nbsp;7|COP&amp;nbsp;7]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2002
|[[#2002|COP&amp;nbsp;8]]
|[[New Delhi]], India
|[[T. R. Baalu]]
|{{flag|India}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2003
|[[#2003|COP&amp;nbsp;9]]
|[[Milan]], Italy
|[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2004
|[[#2004|COP&amp;nbsp;10]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[Ginés González García]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2005
|[[#2005|COP&amp;nbsp;11]]
|[[Montréal]], Canada
|[[Stéphane Dion]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2006
|[[#2006|COP&amp;nbsp;12]]
|[[Nairobi]], Kenya
|[[Kivutha Kibwana]]
|{{flag|Kenya}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2007
|[[#2007|COP&amp;nbsp;13]]
|[[Bali]], Indonesia
|[[Rachmat Witoelar]]
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2008
|[[#2008|COP&amp;nbsp;14]]
|[[Poznań]], Poland
|[[Maciej Nowicki]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2009
|[[#2009|COP&amp;nbsp;15]]
|[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark
|[[Connie Hedegaard]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2010
|[[#2010|COP&amp;nbsp;16]]
|[[Cancún]], Mexico
|[[Patricia Espinosa]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2011
|[[#2011|COP&amp;nbsp;17]]
|[[Durban]], South Africa
|[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2012
|[[#2012|COP&amp;nbsp;18]]
|[[Doha]], Qatar
|[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2013
|[[#2013|COP&amp;nbsp;19]]
|[[Warsaw]], Poland
|[[Marcin Korolec]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2014
|[[#2014|COP&amp;nbsp;20]]
|[[Líoma]], Peru
|[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2015
|[[#2015|COP&amp;nbsp;21]]
|[[Páras]], France
|[[Laurent Fabius]]
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2016
|[[#2016|COP&amp;nbsp;22]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Salaheddine Mezouar]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2017
|[[#2017|COP&amp;nbsp;23]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]&lt;ref name=unfccc2017 /&gt;
|{{flag|Fiji}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2018
|[[#2018|COP&amp;nbsp;24]]
|[[Katowice]], Poland
|[[Michał Kurtyka]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2019
|[[#2019|COP&amp;nbsp;25]]
|[[Maidrid]], Spain
|[[Carolina Schmidt]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|&lt;s&gt;2020&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;COP 26&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Glasgow, United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|Postponed due to COVID
|&lt;s&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Western Europe and Other Group&lt;/s&gt; 
|-
| 2021
|[[#2021|COP&amp;nbsp;26]]
|[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom
|[[Alok Sharma]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2022
|[[#2022|COP&amp;nbsp;27]]
|[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt
|[[Sameh Shoukry]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2023
|[[#2023|COP&amp;nbsp;28]]
|[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
|[[Sultan Al Jaber]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
| 2024
|[[#2024|COP&amp;nbsp;29]]
|[[Baku]], Azerbaijan
|[[Mukhtar Babayev]],
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
| 2025
|[[#2025|COP&amp;nbsp;30]]
|[[Belém]], Brazil
| [[André Corrêa do Lago]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
| 2026
|[[#2026|COP&amp;nbsp;31]]
|[[Antalya]], Turkey
|[[Murat Kurum]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2027
|[[#2027|COP&amp;nbsp;32]]
|[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
|[[Gedion Timothewos]]
&lt;ref name=ethiopia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2028
| [[#2028|COP&amp;nbsp;33]]
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|}


&lt;ref name=iate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=uncc&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=unfccc2017&gt;{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

== Praghsáil carbóin ==


[[Íomhá:Carbon taxes and emission trading worldwide.svg | mion | '' Trádáil astaíochtaí agus cánacha carbóin ar fud an domhain (2021)
{{Legend | #009a3e  | [[Carbon emission trading]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} 
{{Legend | #323b90 | [[Cáin charbóin]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} 
{{Legend | #fbba00 | Trádáil nó cáin faoi scrúdú}}]]

Is modh é '''praghsáil carbóin''' (nó Praghsáil '''CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;}} pricing''') chun [[maolú an athraithe aeráide|athrú aeráide a mhaolú]].  Cuirtear cáin ar [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] chun truaillitheoirí a spreagadh dóchán [[breosla iontaise]] a laghdú.  De ghnáth, is [[cáin charbóin]] é an praghas, é sin nó scéim i ndáil le [[trádáil astaíochtaí]] (STA).&lt;ref name=:0 /&gt;  Is í an fhadhb a a iarrann praghsáil carbóin a réiteach ná gur [[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]]  iad astaíochtaí [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;]] agus [[gás ceaptha teasa]] (GCT) eile.  Táthar ar aon intinn go forleathan gur beartas Mary é chun astaíochtaí dá leithéid a laghdú. 

Tá sásra um praghsáil carbóin ag réigiúin amhail is [[Ceanada]] agus an chuid is mó de thíortha Eorpacha.  Sa bhliain 2021, thug an tSín sásra isteach.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|World Bank|2021|p=23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;China ETS2&quot; /&gt;  Ar an láimh eile de, níl beartas phraghsáil carbóin ag truaillitheoirí amhail is [[an Ind]], [[an Rúis]], [[Stáit na Murascaille]] agus go leor stát sna SAM.&lt;ref name=ieporg /&gt;  Bhí sásra praghsála ag [[an Astráil]] idir na blianta 2012 agus 2014.  Faoin mbliain 2025, tá 28% de GCT domhanda emissions are covered by carbon pricing in 2025.&lt;ref name=:2 /&gt;  

'' Dar leis an b[[Painéal Idir-Rialtasach ar an Athrú Aeráide]], a price level of $135–$5500 in 2030 and $245–$13,000 per metric ton CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in 2050 would be needed to drive carbon emissions to stay below [[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|the 1.5°C limit]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|p=374}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Latest models of the [[social cost of carbon]] calculate a damage of more than $300 per ton of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; as a result of economy feedbacks and falling global [[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]] growth rates, while policy recommendations range from about $50 to $200.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kikstra 2021&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Kikstra|2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|2}} Many carbon pricing schemes including the ETS in China remain below $10 per ton of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;China ETS&quot; /&gt;  One exception is the [[European Union Emissions Trading System]] (EU-ETS) which exceeded €100 per ton of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in February 2023.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;

'' A carbon tax is generally favoured on economic grounds for its simplicity and stability, while cap-and-trade theoretically offers the possibility to limit allowances to the remaining [[carbon budget]].  Current implementations are only designed to meet certain reduction targets.

'' As a supplement to carbon pricing enforced externally by national and subnational governments, organizations can also voluntarily implement their own internal carbon price (ICP) through a variety of tools.&lt;ref name=:7 /&gt;  These include emissions trading systems, proxy prices, carbon fees, implicit prices, and hybrid models.&lt;ref name=:02 /&gt;&lt;ref name=:6 /&gt;  Organizations have used a variety of metrics to define their carbon prices.&lt;ref name=:12 /&gt;  Research on the impacts of ICP on institutional emissions and [[Competition (economics)|competition]] is ongoing.&lt;ref name=:7 /&gt;&lt;ref name=:9 /&gt;&lt;ref name=:3 /&gt;&lt;ref name=:5 /&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=:0&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = What is Carbon Pricing? | url = https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311235027/https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | archive-date=March 11, 2021 | dátarochtana = 2021-03-14 | work = carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org | dáta = 9 Bealtaine 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:1&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Carbon Price Viewer | url = https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer | foilsitheoir = EMBER | dátarochtana = 2021-09-07 | archive-date=September 15, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915123457/https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/ | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:2&gt;{{cite journal | date=2025 | title=State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 | url=https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43277|journal=The World Bank | language=en-US | doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-2255-1 | doi-broken-date=April 9, 2026 | hdl=10986/43277}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:02&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Gorbach | first1=O.G.| last2=Kost | first2=C.| last3=Pickett |first3=C. | date=2022  | title=Review of internal carbon pricing and the development of a decision process for the identification of promising Internal Pricing Methods for an Organisation | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032121010170 | journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | language=en | volume=154 | article-number=111745 | doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111745 | bibcode=2022RSERv.15411745G}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:3&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Desai | first1=Rajesh | last2=Raval | first2=Avani | last3=Thanki | first3=Shashank | date=2025 | title=Does internal carbon pricing moderate the firm value effects of carbon emission? A study of an emerging economy | url=https://www.emerald.com/jaar/article/26/5/1213/1251497/Does-internal-carbon-pricing-moderate-the-firm | journal=Journal of Applied Accounting Research | language=en | volume=26 | issue=5 | pages=1213–1236 | doi=10.1108/JAAR-07-2024-0248 | issn=0967-5426}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:5&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Qin | first1=Linxin | last2=Wang | first2=Zhan | last3=Pan | first3=Ane | date=2023-12-13 | title=How the implementation of internal carbon pricing impacts on carbon reduction: facilitating or hindering | url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research | language=en | doi=10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | pmid=38091215 | issn=1614-7499}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:6&gt;{{cite journal | last=Harpankar | first=Kshama | date=2019 | title=Internal carbon pricing: rationale, promise and limitations | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178 | journal=Carbon Management | language=en | volume=10 | issue=2 | pages=219–225 | doi=10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178|bibcode=2019CarM...10..219H | issn=1758-3004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:7&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Zhu | first1=Bangzhu | last2=Xu | first2=Chenxin | last3=Wang| first3=Ping | last4=Zhang | first4=Lin | date=2022 | title=How does internal carbon pricing affect corporate environmental performance? | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0148296322002028 | journal=Journal of Business Research | language=en | volume=145 | pages=65–77 | doi=10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.071}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:9&gt;{{Cite journal | last1=Ma | first1=Jialu | last2=Kuo | first2=Jeffrey | date=2021 | title=Environmental self-regulation for sustainable development: Can internal carbon pricing enhance financial performance? | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2817 | journal=Business Strategy and the Environment | language=en | volume=30 | issue=8 | pages=3517–3527 | doi=10.1002/bse.2817| bibcode=2021BSEnv..30.3517M | issn=0964-4733}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:12&gt;{{Cite journal | last1=Bento | first1=Nuno | last2=Gianfrate | first2=Gianfranco | date=2020 | title=Determinants of internal carbon pricing | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301421520302445 | journal=Energy Policy | language=en | volume=143 | article-number=111499 | doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111499 | bibcode=2020EnPol.14311499B | hdl=10071/20557}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;China ETS2&quot;&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm = Paul A.| last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021 | foilsitheoir = Latham &amp; Watkins}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ieporg&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2023 | url = http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102955/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-date=October 7, 2024 | dátarochtana = 2 Meitheamh 2023 | foilsitheoir = World Bank Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;China ETS&quot;&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm =Paul A. | last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | foilsitheoir = Latham &amp; Watkins | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

== Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}


'' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].&lt;ref name=UIA /&gt;  The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=Latvia /&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=:4 /&gt;

== Structure 
The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.&lt;ref name=:6 /&gt;

== Ballraíocht 
The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot;/&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Ballstáit 
Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.95em;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:115px;&quot; | Tír
! Ballraíocht
! Nótaí
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Australia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1979&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Austria}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974
&lt;ref name=:5&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Belgium}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Canada}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5 February 2001&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Denmark}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Estonia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9 May 2014
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Finland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|France}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Germany}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Greece}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1976&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Hungary}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3 June 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Ireland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Italy}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Japan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Latvia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Lithuania}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2022
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Mexico}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2018
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Netherlands}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|New Zealand}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1977&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Norway}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member (under a special Agreement)&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Portugal}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1981&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Poland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |25 September 2008
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Slovakia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30 November 2007
&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|South Korea}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |20 April 2001
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Spain}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Sweden}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Switzerland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Turkey}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|United States}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Tíortha aontachais 
'' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:&lt;ref name=&quot;AccessionAssociate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries &amp; Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* {{Flag|Colombia}}
* {{Flag|Brazil}}
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Chile}}
* {{Flag|Costa Rica}}
* {{Flag|Israel}}
* {{Flag|Romania}}

=== Association countries 
'' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot; /&gt; country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
India officially declared its &quot;Association&quot; status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country.
&lt;ref name{&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:&lt;ref name=&quot;AccessionAssociate&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flag|Argentina}}
* {{Flag|China}}
* {{Flag|Egypt}}
* {{Flag|India}}
* {{Flag|Indonesia}}
* {{Flag|Kenya}}
* {{Flag|Morocco}}
* {{Flag|Nigeria}}
* {{Flag|Senegal}}
* {{Flag|Singapore}}
* {{Flag|South Africa}}
* {{Flag|Thailand}}
* {{Flag|Ukraine}}
* {{Flag|Vietnam}}

== Areas of work 
'' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries.

=== Dáta 
=== Scenarios 
IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes:

* Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Net Zero Scenario (NZE)
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Key publications 
[[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]]

* '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO)
* '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector'''
* '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) 
* '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO)
* '''Oil Market Report'''
* '''Electricity Market Report'''
* '''Gas Market Report'''
* '''Energy Efficiency'''
* '''Renewable Energy Market Update'''
* '''World Energy Investment'''
* '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress'''
* '''Country Reviews'''

== Cáineadh 
=== Bias against renewable energy 
[[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]]

'' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Mertens /&gt;

=== Accuracy of forecasting 
'' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. &lt;ref name=guardian2 /&gt;

=== Restricting access to data 
'' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, &quot;[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it&quot;.&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021 /&gt;  The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that &quot;countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding&quot;.&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;

'' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024 /&gt;

'' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.&lt;ref name=ieadataset /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=UIA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Latvia&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:4&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017&gt;[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017&gt;Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Mertens&gt;Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024&gt;{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ieadataset&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:6&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

== Buntásc ==
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>2dq65uk5e30tn01p501yo0sqskn1ry0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Natura 2000</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>120601</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331690</id>
      <parentid>1330936</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T14:45:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>25319</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>1331690</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3337" sha1="fdy701xu0kszid8e0tr1u7wmkzej868" xml:space="preserve">* Tá an focal &quot;item&quot; de dhíth ón mbot, is amhlaidh... tá!
* An eochairfhocal é &quot;Label&quot;? Is .
* Ní fheictear anseo go díreach na torthaí SQL, ach ina ionad sin, céard a dhéanann an bot leo, mar shampla ?item -&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;[[:d:?item|?item]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;


{{Wikidata list | sparql = 
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?can2000 {
  # P3425=(Comhartha) Aitheantas Nature 2000
  # P17=tír, Q27=Éire
  ?item wdt:P3425 ?can2000;
        wdt:P17 wd:Q27.

  # label
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;ga&quot;.
  }
}
| columns = number:#, label:Alt, P7959:Contae, P18:Íomhá, P3425:Natura 2000
| links = local
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! #
! Alt
! Contae
! Íomhá
! Natura 2000
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 1
| [[Loch Iascaigh]]
| [[Contae Dhún na nGall]]
| [[Íomhá:Lough Eske sud est.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000163 IE0000163]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 2
| [[Gleann Dá Ghrua]]
| [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Íomhá:Glen walk way.JPG|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000719 IE0000719]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 3
| [[An Abhainn Mhór]]
| [[Contae Phort Láirge]]
| [[Íomhá:IMG BlackwaterBridge3720rz.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0002170 IE0002170]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 4
| [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shléibhte Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Íomhá:Wicklow Mountains National Park Information Office.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0002122 IE0002122]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 5
| [[Portach Chlóirthigh|Dúlra Phortach Chlóirthigh]]
| [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]]
| [[Íomhá:Clara bog boardwalk. 07.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000572 IE0000572]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 6
| [[Bá Bhaile Dúill|Bá Baile Dúill]]
| [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]]
| [[Íomhá:The View from Strand Road Baldoyle - geograph.org.uk - 181928.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000199 IE0000199]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 7
| [[An Sliabh Riabhach]]
| [[Contae Luimnigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Black Rock on the Ballyhoura Mountain Range - geograph.org.uk - 1103684.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0002036 IE0002036]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 8
| [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]]
| [[Contae Shligigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Lough Gara 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0004048 IE0004048]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 9
| [[Inbhear Bhaile Roiséir]]
| [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]]
| [[Íomhá:View of Rogerstown Estuary.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000208 IE0000208]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 10
| [[Loch Coirib]]
| [[Contae na Gaillimhe]]
| [[Íomhá:Loughcorrib.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0004042 IE0004042]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 11
| [[Coill Chnoc Sinche]]
| [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Íomhá:Plants on damp bankside in Knocksink woods.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000725 IE0000725]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>fdy701xu0kszid8e0tr1u7wmkzej868</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Cantúin na hEilvéise</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>120606</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331771</id>
      <parentid>1330163</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-04T02:15:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>25319</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>1331771</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8965" sha1="79al76iyh496xzalgcvp7ifbcttiwkf" xml:space="preserve">* [[Cantúin na hEilvéise]]

== Cantúin ==
# ''[[:en:Canton of Aargau|Canton of Aargau]]'' - [[Cantún Aargau]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden|Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden]]'' - [[Cantún Appenzell Innerrhoden]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden|Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden]]'' - [[Cantún Appenzell Innerrhoden]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Basel-Landschaft|Canton of Basel-Landschaft]]'' - [[Cantún Basel-Landschaft]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Basel-Stadt|Canton of Basel-Stadt]]'' - [[Cantún Basel-Stadt]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Bern|Canton of Bern]]'' - [[Cantún Bern]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Fribourg|Canton of Fribourg]]'' - [[cantún Fribourg]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Glarus|Canton of Glarus]]'' - [[Cantún Glarus]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Grisons|Canton of Grisons]]'' - [[Cantún Graubünden]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Jura|Canton of Jura]]'' - [[Cantún Jura]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Lucerne|Canton of Lucerne]]'' - [[Cantún Lucerne]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Neuchâtel|Canton of Neuchâtel]]'' - [[Cantún Neuchâtel]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Nidwalden|Canton of Nidwalden]]'' - [[Cantún Nidwalden]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Obwalden|Canton of Obwalden]]'' - [[Cantún Obwalden]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Schaffhausen|Canton of Schaffhausen]]'' - [[Cantún Schaffhausen]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Schwyz|Canton of Schwyz]]'' - [[Cantún Schwyz]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Solothurn|Canton of Solothurn]]'' - [[Cantún Solothurn]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of St. Gallen|Canton of St. Gallen]]'' - [[Cantún St. Gallen]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Thurgau|Canton of Thurgau]]'' - [[Cantún Thurgau]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Ticino|Canton of Ticino]]'' - [[Cantún Ticino]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Uri|Canton of Uri]]'' - [[Cantún Uri]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Valais|Canton of Valais]]'' - [[Cantún Valais]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Vaud|Canton of Vaud]]'' - [[Cantún Vaud]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Zug|Canton of Zug]]'' - [[Cantún Zug]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Zürich|Canton of Zürich]]'' - [[Cantún Zürich]]
# ''[[:en:Canton of Geneva|Canton of Geneva]]'' - [[Cantún na Ginéive]]

== Liosta ==
{{Wikidata list | SPARQL =
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel 
WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q23058.
  FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P576 ?amDeiridh. }

  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],ga,de,fr,it,rm&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY ?itemLabel
| columns = number:#, P94:Armas, label:Cantún, P395:Cód, P36: Príomhchathair, P571:Bunaithe, P1082:Daonra, P2046:Achar&lt;br&gt;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, P37:Teanga
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! #
! Armas
! Cantún
! Cód
! Príomhchathair
! Bunaithe
! Daonra
! Achar&lt;br&gt;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
! Teanga
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 1
| [[Íomhá:CHE Aargau COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11972|cantún Aargau]]''
| AG
| [[Aarau]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1803&quot; | 1803
| 726894
| 1403.77 km²
| [[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 2
| [[Íomhá:Wappen Appenzell Ausserrhoden matt.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12079|cantún Appenzell Ausserrhoden]]''
| AR
| [[Herisau]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q68189|Trogen]]''
| data-sort-value=&quot;1513&quot; | 1513
| 56495
| 242.84 km²
| ''[[:d:Q1366643|Ard-Ghearmáinis na hEilvéise]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 3
| [[Íomhá:CHE Appenzell Innerrhoden COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12094|cantún Appenzell Innerrhoden]]''
| AI
| ''[[:d:Q209270|Appenzell]]''
| data-sort-value=&quot;1513&quot; | 1513
| 16585
| 172.48 km²
| [[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 4
| [[Íomhá:Coat of arms of Kanton Basel-Landschaft.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12146|cantún Basel-Landschaft]]''
| BL
| [[Liestal]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1833&quot; | 1833
| 298837
| 517.67 km²
| [[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 5
| [[Íomhá:Wappen Basel-Stadt matt.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12172|cantún Basel-Stadt]]''
| BS
| [[Basel]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1833&quot; | 1833
| 200031
| 36.95 km²
| [[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 6
| [[Íomhá:CHE Bern BE COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11911|cantún Bern]]''
| BE
| [[Beirn]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1353&quot; | 1353
| 1063533
| 5959 km²
| ''[[:d:Q1366643|Ard-Ghearmáinis na hEilvéise]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1480152|Swiss French]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 7
| [[Íomhá:CHE Canton de Fribourg COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12640|cantún Fribourg]]''
| FR
| [[Fribourg]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1481&quot; | 1481
| 350918
| 1671.36 km²
| [[an Fhraincis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 8
| [[Íomhá:CHE Kanton Glarus COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11922|cantún Glarus]]''
| GL
| [[Glarus]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1352&quot; | 1352
| 42056
| 685.3 km²
| [[an Ghearmáinis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1366643|Ard-Ghearmáinis na hEilvéise]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 9
| [[Íomhá:CHE Graubünden COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11925|cantún Graubünden]]''
| GR
| [[Chur]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1496&quot; | 1496
| 204888
| 7105.39 km²
| [[an Rómainis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Iodáilis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 10
| [[Íomhá:CHE Jura COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12755|cantún Jura]]''
| JU
| [[Delémont]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1979&quot; | 1979-01-01
| 74548
| 838.51 km²
| [[an Fhraincis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 11
| [[Íomhá:CHE Luzern COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12121|cantún Lucerne]]''
| LU
| [[Luzern]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1332&quot; | 1332
| 432744
| 1493.51 km²
| [[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 12
| [[Íomhá:Wappen Neuenburg matt.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12738|cantún Neuchâtel]]''
| NE
| [[Neuchâtel (cathair)|Neuchâtel]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1034&quot; | 1034
| 178291
| 802.24 km²
| [[an Fhraincis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 13
| [[Íomhá:Wappen Nidwalden matt.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12592|cantún Nidwalden]]''
| NW
| ''[[:d:Q63931|Stans]]''
| data-sort-value=&quot;1291&quot; | 1291
| 45016
| 275.85 km²
| ''[[:d:Q1366643|Ard-Ghearmáinis na hEilvéise]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 14
| [[Íomhá:Wappen Obwalden matt.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12573|cantún Obwalden]]''
| OW
| ''[[:d:Q63964|Sarnen]]''
| data-sort-value=&quot;1291&quot; | 1291
| 39272
| 490.58 km²
| ''[[:d:Q1366643|Ard-Ghearmáinis na hEilvéise]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 15
| [[Íomhá:Wappen Schaffhausen matt.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12697|cantún Schaffhausen]]''
| SH
| [[Schaffhausen]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1501&quot; | 1501
| 87111
| 298.42 km²
| [[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 16
| [[Íomhá:Wappen Schwyz matt.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12433|cantún Schwyz]]''
| SZ
| [[Schwyz]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1240&quot; | 1240
| 167403
| 907.88 km²
| ''[[:d:Q1366643|Ard-Ghearmáinis na hEilvéise]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 17
| [[Íomhá:CHE Solothurn SO COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11929|cantún Solothurn]]''
| SO
| [[Solothurn]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1481&quot; | 1481
| 286844
| 790.45 km²
| [[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 18
| [[Íomhá:Coat of arms of canton of St. Gallen.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12746|cantún St. Gallen]]''
| SG
| [[Sankt Gallen]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1803&quot; | 1803
| 535114
| 2030.75 km²
| ''[[:d:Q1366643|Ard-Ghearmáinis na hEilvéise]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 19
| [[Íomhá:CHE Thurgau COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12713|cantún Thurgau]]''
| TG
| [[Frauenfeld]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1803&quot; | 1803
| 295220
| 991.77 km²
| [[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 20
| [[Íomhá:CHE Ticino COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12724|cantún Ticino]]''
| TI
| [[Bellinzona]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1803&quot; | 1803
| 358903
| 2812.15 km²
| [[an Iodáilis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 21
| [[Íomhá:Wappen Uri matt.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12404|cantún Uri]]''
| UR
| ''[[:d:Q68150|Altdorf]]''
| data-sort-value=&quot;1291&quot; | 1291
| 37931
| 1076.57 km²
| ''[[:d:Q1366643|Ard-Ghearmáinis na hEilvéise]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 22
| [[Íomhá:CHE Valais COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q834|cantún Valais]]''
| VS
| [[Sion]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1815&quot; | 1815
| 365844
| 5224.5 km²
| [[an Fhraincis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1366643|Ard-Ghearmáinis na hEilvéise]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 23
| [[Íomhá:CHE Vaud COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12771|cantún Vaud]]''
| VD
| [[Lausanne]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1803&quot; | 1803
| 845870
| 3211.94 km²
| [[an Fhraincis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 24
| [[Íomhá:Wappen Zug matt.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11933|cantún Zug]]''
| ZG
| [[Zug (cathair)|Zug]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1352&quot; | 1352
| 132556
| 238.73 km²
| [[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 25
| [[Íomhá:CHE Zürich COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11943|cantún Zürich]]''
| ZH
| [[Zürich]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1351&quot; | 1351
| 1620020
| 1729 km²
| [[an Ghearmáinis]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 26
| [[Íomhá:CHE Canton de Genève écu seul COA.svg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11917|cantún na Ginéive]]''
| GE
| [[an Ghinéiv]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1815&quot; | 1815
| 524410
| 282.49 km²
| [[an Fhraincis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1480152|Swiss French]]''
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>79al76iyh496xzalgcvp7ifbcttiwkf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ríocht na Sicile</title>
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        <username>Seachránaí</username>
        <id>53315</id>
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      <comment>Catagóirí</comment>
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      <text bytes="7404" sha1="1srtycc05rv0f6ald0bibq3c4ugv9th" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}

Ba stát í '''Ríocht na Sicile''' ({{lang-la|Regnum Siciliae}}; [[An tSicilis|Sicilis]]: ''Regnu di Sicilia''; {{lang-it|Regno di Sicilia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSNSAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PR32 |title=Documenti per servire alla storia di Sicilia: Diplomatica, Volumes 14-16 |date=1891-01-01 |publisher=U. Manfredi Editori |language=it |page=XXXII |access-date=2020-10-18 |archive-date=2024-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120173856/https://books.google.com/books?id=XSNSAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PR32#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rYg74wTJS7oC&amp;pg=PA314 |title=Felicis, et fidelissimæ urbis Panormitanæ selecta aliquot ad civitatis decus, et commodum spectantia privilegia per instrumenta varia Siciliæ... opera don Michaelis De Vio.. |last=Vio |first=Michele Del |date=1706-01-01 |publisher=in palatio senatorio per Dominicum Cortese |language=it |page=314 |access-date=2020-10-18 |archive-date=2024-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120173741/https://books.google.com/books?id=rYg74wTJS7oC&amp;pg=PA314#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hqANAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA303 |title=Considerazioni sopra la storia di Sicilia dai tempi normanni sino al presenti, Volume 3 |last=Gregorio |first=Rosario |date=1833-01-01 |publisher=dalla Reale Stamperia |language=it |page=303 |access-date=2020-10-18 |archive-date=2024-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120173744/https://books.google.com/books?id=hqANAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA303#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CW9UAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA109 |title=Parlamenti generali del regno di Sicilia dall' anno 1446 sino al 1748: con le memorie istoriche dell' antico, e moderno uso del parlamento appresso varie nazioni, ed in particolare della sua origine in Sicilia, e del modo di celebrarsi, Volume 1 |last1=Mongitore |first1=Antonino |last2=Mongitore |first2=Francesco Serio e |date=1749-01-01 |publisher=Presso P. Bentivenga |language=it |page=109 |access-date=2020-10-18 |archive-date=2024-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120174755/https://books.google.com/books?id=CW9UAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA109#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;) a bhí ann sa [[An tSicil|tSicil]] agus i Leithinis theas na hIodáile chomh maith, ar feadh tamaill, i dTuaisceart na hAfraice, óna bhunú ag Roger II na Sicile sa bhliain 1130 go dtí an bhliain 1816. Stát comharba Chontae na Sicile a bhí ann, a bunaíodh sa bhliain 1071 le linn choncas na Normannach ar an leithinis theas. Roinneadh an t-oileán ina thrí réigiún : Val di Mazara, Val Demone agus Val di Noto.

Tar éis réimis ghearr ag Charles Anjou, chuir éirí amach sa bhliain 1282 ar a dtugtar Vesper na Sicile deireadh le riail na nAinsivíneach ar oileán na Sicile. D'éirigh leis na hAinsivínighsmacht a choinneáil ar an gcuid mhórthír den ríocht, a tháinig chun bheith ina heintiteas ar leithligh ar a dtugtar ''Ríocht na Sicile'' freisin, cé go dtugtar Ríocht Napoli uirthi go neamhfhoirmiúil agus go cúlghabhálach. Ar an láimh eile, tháinig Ríocht na Sicile ar an oileán (ar a dtugtar Ríocht Trinacria freisin idir 1282 agus 1442 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Gillespie|first=Alexander|title=The Causes of War: Volume II: 1000 CE to 1400 CE|publisher=Hart Publishing|year=2016|volume=II|pages=115}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Merlo|first=Grado Giovanni|title=Basso Medioevo|publisher=Il Mulino|year=1981|location=Italy|pages=535|language=Italian}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus Ríocht na Sicile ar an taobh eile den Teach Solais idir 1282 agus 1816) chun bheith ina leas-ríogaíocht leath-neamhspleách faoi rialú gaolta Thealach Barcelona, agus ansin cuireadh go buan le [[Coróin na hAragóine|Coróin Aragon]] í mar thoradh ar Chomhréiteach Caspe i 1412, agus ag an am céanna méid áirithe dá neamhspleáchas roimhe seo á choinneáil aici.&lt;ref name=&quot;anar&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Allan W. Atlas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ub_XZK1F-8UC&amp;q=independent+kingdoms+transferred+by+election+to+Alfonso%27s+father%2C+Ferdinando+de+Antequera%2C+of+the+Trastamare+dynasty.|title=Music at the Aragonese court of Naples|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1985|isbn=0-521-24828-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Compromise&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Rzhevskaya|first=Valentina|url=https://eppd13.cz/wp-content/uploads/2014/2014-1-5/25.pdf|title=THE COMPROMISE OF CASPE: AN EPISODE FROM THE HISTORY OF PEACEFUL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT|date=31 March 2025|publisher=European Political and Law Discourse|pages=241–243|quote=Page 241: On March 29 1412 the nine electors got down to their task in an Aragonese town of Caspe and on June 25 they declared the Castilian prince don Fernando elected. Fernando de Antequera was solemnly proclaimed King of Aragon three days later.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I ndiaidh aontas ríoraíoch choróin Castile agus Aragon (1469–1479), neartaigh smacht na Spáinne ar an tSicil, rud a chuir ar chumas níos fusa Cúistiúnacht na Spáinne deireadh a chur le pobail neamh-Chaitliceacha ar fud gach tiarnas Spáinneach.&lt;ref name=&quot;jws&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=N. Zeldes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRYe5dCFq4YC|title=The Former Jews of This Kingdom: Sicilian Converts After the Expulsion, 1492–1516|publisher=BRILL|year=2003|isbn=90-04-12898-0|pages=5, 69, 296–97}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn [[Cogadh Chomharbas na Spáinne|Chogadh Chomharbas na Spáinne]] (1700–1714), ghlac Teaghlach Shaváí seilbh ar an oileán. Sa bhliain 1720, thug an tSaváí don Ostair í mar mhalairt ar an tSairdín. Ina dhiaidh sin, rialaigh brainse de na Búrbónaigh an t-oileán. I ndiaidh ré Napoléon, rinneadh Ríocht na Sicile a chumasc go foirmiúil le Ríocht Napoli chun [[Ríocht an Dá Shicil]] a chruthú, a tháinig chun bheith ina cuid de Ríocht aontaithe nua na hIodáile sa bhliain 1861.

== Stair ==
===Concas na Normannach===
Faoin 11ú haois, bhí cumhachtaí Lombardacha agus Biosántacha i ndeisceart na mórthíre ag fostú saighdiúirí Normánacha ar tuarastal, sliocht de chuid na Lochlannach i dtuaisceart na Fraince; ba iad na Normannaigh faoi Roger I a chloígh an tSicil, agus í a thógáil ó Mhoslamaigh na Sicile. Tar éis dó Apulia agus Calabria a ghabháil, ghabh Roger Messina le harm de 700 ridire. Sa bhliain 1068, chloígh Roger I agus a chuid fear na Moslamaigh ag Misilmeri, ach ba é Léigear Palermo an cath ba chinniúnaí, rud a d'fhág go raibh an tSicil go hiomlán faoi smacht na Normannach faoin mbliain 1091.&lt;ref name=&quot;initalymag&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.initaly.com/regions/sicily/chronol.htm |publisher=In Italy Magazine |teideal=Chronological - Historical Table Of Sicily |date=7 October 2007 |access-date=3 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727225426/http://www.initaly.com/regions/sicily/chronol.htm |archive-date=27 July 2016 |url-status=dead |dátarochtana=7 Márta 2026 |archivedate=27 Iúil 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727225426/http://www.initaly.com/regions/sicily/chronol.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tagairtí==
{{Reflist}}

[[Catagóir:An Aragóin]]
[[Catagóir:An Mheánaois]]
[[Catagóir:Iar-thíortha na hEorpa]]
[[Catagóir:Ríochtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Stair na Sicile]]
[[Catagóir:Teaghlach Habsburgach]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tochmarc</title>
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      <text bytes="860" sha1="81b6lycjsp38gq340mr3u23qcl8tcbn" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}} 

Is cineál scéil i [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] é '''tochmharc''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''tochmarc'''&lt;ref name=edil /&gt;) a bhaineann le “suirí”, a dhéanann cur síos ar laochra clúiteacha agus iad á mealladh.

Sa [[an Rúraíocht|Rúraíocht]], tá ann an scéal ''[[Tochmharc Eimhire]]'', a insíonn conas a mheall an laoch [[Cú Chulainn]] a ghrá, Eimhear.

I measc ''tochmhairc '' eile tá:
* [[Tochmharc Éadaoine]]
* ''[[Tochmarc Becfola]]
* ''[[Tochmarc Luaine acus aided Athirni]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=edil&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://dil.ie/41079 | teideal = tochmarc | foilsitheoir = [[EDIL]] | dátarochtana = 30-03-2026 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20260425060236/https://dil.ie/41079 | archivedate = 2026-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Síol-miotas}}

[[Catagóir:Tochmarc| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Craobh Sinsear Iomána Uíbh Fhailí, 2026</title>
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Is í '''Craobh Sinsear Iomána Uíbh Fhailí, 2026''' an 129ú comórtas de [[Craobh Sinsear Iomána Uíbh Fhailí|Chraobh Sinsear Iomána Uíbh Fhailí]] ó bhunaigh [[CLG Chontae Uíbh Fhailí|Bord Contae Uíbh Fhailí]] í sa bhliain 1896. Rinneadh an tarraingt do na grúpaí i mí Feabhra, 2026. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.offalyexpress.ie/sport/gaa/draws-made-for-offaly-hurling-and-football-championships-6618792|title=Draws made for Offaly hurling and football championships|author=|first=|date=25 February 2026|publisher=Offaly Live|access-date=1 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beidh an chraobh ar siúl ón 11 Iúil go dtí Deireadh Fómhair 2026.

Is iad Cill Chormaic – Cill Achaidh na seaimpíní reatha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.gaa.ie/article/offaly-shc-final-kilcormac-killoughey-retain-title|title=Offaly SHC Final: Kilcormac-Killoughey retain title|author=|first=|date=19 October 2025|publisher=GAA website|access-date=19 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/gaelic-games/hurling/kilcormac-killoughey-rediscover-touch-in-stoppage-time-to-halt-shinrone-comeback-and-seal-offaly-shc-title/a1803983635.html|title=Kilcormac-Killoughey rediscover touch in stoppage time to halt Shinrone comeback and seal Offaly SHC title|author=|first=|date=19 October 2025|publisher=Irish Independent|access-date=19 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Athruithe foirne ==

=== Ardú céime ón gCraobh Sinsear B ===

* Lusmhaigh &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.offalyexpress.ie/sport/gaa/jubilant-lusmagh-hold-out-for-great-win-as-brave-carrig-riverstown-fall-away-in-second-half-6731786|title=Jubilant Lusmagh hold out for great win as brave Carrig-Riverstown fall away in second half|date=2025-10-06|language=en|work=Offaly Live|access-date=2026-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dícháilithe go dtí an Chraobh Sinsear B ===

* Saighir Chiaráin &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.offalyexpress.ie/sport/gaa/kinnitty-retain-status-as-seir-kieran-finally-run-out-of-road-and-drop-down-6743242|title=Kinnitty retain status as Seir Kieran finally run out of road and drop down|date=2025-09-21|language=en|work=Offaly Live|access-date=2026-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Céim na ngrúpaí ==

=== Tábla Ghrúpa 1 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://offaly.gaa.ie/fixtures-results/|title=Fix &amp; Res|language=en|work=Offaly GAA|access-date=2026-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; ===
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;165!&quot; |Foireann
! colspan=&quot;4!&quot; | Cluichí
! colspan=&quot;3!&quot; | Scóráilte
! rowspan=&quot;2width=20!&quot; | Pointí
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! width=&quot;20!&quot; | Imeartha
! width=&quot;20!&quot; | B
! width=&quot;20!&quot; | CS
! width=&quot;20!&quot; | C
! width=&quot;45!&quot; | Acu
! width=&quot;45!&quot; | Ina gcoinne
! width=&quot;30!&quot; | Difríocht
|- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#ACE1AF;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Íomhá:Colours_of_Kerry.svg|20x20px|Border]] Cill Chormaic – Cill Achaidh
| 4
| 3
| 0
| 1
| 104
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| 28
| '''6'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#ccccff;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Íomhá:Colours_of_Tipperary.svg|20x20px|Border]] Naomh Raghnach
| 4
| 3
| 0
| 1
| 103
| 88
| 15
| '''6'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#ccccff;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Íomhá:Colours_of_Mayo.svg|20x20px|Border]] Biorra
| 4
| 2
| 0
| 2
| 89
| 85
| 4
| '''4'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Íomhá:Colours_of_Limerick.svg|20x20px|Border]] Cúldoire
| 4
| 2
| 0
| 2
| 92
| 89
| 3
| '''4'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#FFC0CB;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Íomhá:Colours_of_Limerick.svg|20x20px|Border]] Cionn Eitigh
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 4
| 62
| 112
| -50
| '''0'''
|}

=== Tábla Ghrúpa 2 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://offaly.gaa.ie/fixtures-results/|title=Fix &amp; Res|language=en|work=Offaly GAA|access-date=2026-07-01}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://offaly.gaa.ie/fixtures-results/ &quot;Fix &amp; Res&quot;]. ''Offaly GAA''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;1 July&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ===
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse&quot;
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! colspan=&quot;4!&quot; | Cluichí
! colspan=&quot;3!&quot; | Scóráilte
! rowspan=&quot;2width=20!&quot; | Pointí
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! width=&quot;20!&quot; | Imeartha
! width=&quot;20!&quot; | B
! width=&quot;20!&quot; | CS
! width=&quot;20!&quot; | C
! width=&quot;45!&quot; | Acu
! width=&quot;45!&quot; | Ina gcoinne
! width=&quot;30!&quot; | Difríocht
|- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#ACE1AF;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Íomhá:Colours_of_Kerry.svg|20x20px|Border]] [[CLG Bhaile na Maor|Baile na Maor]]
| 4
| 4
| 0
| 0
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| '''8'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#ccccff;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Íomhá:Flag_of_Furnes,_Belgium.svg|border|20x20px]] An Lios Dearg
| 4
| 2
| 0
| 2
| 96
| 91
| 5
| '''4'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#ccccff;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Íomhá:Colours_of_Cork.svg|20x20px|Border]]Suí an Róin
| 4
| 2
| 0
| 2
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| 8
| '''4'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Íomhá:Colours_of_Cavan.svg|20x20px|Border]]Tulach Mhór
| 4
| 2
| 0
| 2
| 100
| 100
| 0
| '''4'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#FFC0CB;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Íomhá:Colours_of_Cork.svg|20x20px|Border]]Lusmhaigh
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 4
| 67
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| -39
| '''0'''
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== Babhtaí díbeartha ==

=== Cluiche íslithe ===
20 Meán Fómhair 2026                                  '''Cionn Eitigh  0-18 0-12  Lusmhaigh'''                                                           Páirc Naomh Breandán, Biorra

== Babhtaí díbeartha ==

=== Cluichí ceathrú ceannais ===
19 Meán Fómhair 2026                                  '''Naomh Raghnach  1-24 0-25  Suí an Róin'''                                                  Páirc Naomh Breandán, Biorra

20 Meán Fómhair 2026                                  '''An Lios Dearg        0-20 0-18  Biorra'''                                                           Páirc Uí Chonchúir, Tulach Mhór

=== Cluichí leathcheannais ===
3 Deireadh Fómhair 2026                               '''Cill Chormaic - Cill Achaidh     1-34   2-23     Naomh Raghnach''' (TÉAB)  Páirc Uí Chonchúir, Tulach Mhór 

4 Deireadh Fómhair 2026                               '''Baile na Maor     4-18   3-19     An Lios Dearg'''                                             Páirc Naomh Breandán, Biorra

=== Cluiche ceannais ===
18 Deireadh Fómhair 2026                               '''Cill Chormaic - Cill Achaidh   0-19   v   0-17   Baile na Maor'''                   Páirc Uí Chonchúir, Tulach Mhór</text>
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    <title>TitanCon</title>
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Is aonach bliantúil é '''TitanCon''' a thionóltar i b[[Béal Feirste]]. D'eascair sé as mianta grúpaí éagsúla, lena n-áirítear an [[Brotherhood Without Banners]] (BWB), a bhí aonach uathu do lucht leanúna [[Game of Thrones]] i mBéal Feirste, agus [[The Other Ones (cumann)|The Other Ones]], cumann ficsean eolaíochta agus fantaisíochta i mBéal Feirste, a bheadh aonach dírithe ar na haicmí litríochta sin uathu. Ag obair le [[Logan Bruce]] ó Studio NI, [[Arkham Gaming Centre]] agus [[TableTopNorth]], chuir na grúpaí tús lena gcomhoibriú ag Octocon 2010 i mBaile Átha Cliath.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://TitanCon.com/about/|title=About|work=TitanCon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Stair ==
Ba é [[George R. R. Martin|George R.R. Martin]] Aoi Oinigh Octocon 2010 i mBaile Átha Cliath. Bhí scannánú [[Game of Thrones]] tosaithe an t-am sin agus Tuaisceart Éireann ar na láithreacha scannánaithe don sraith teilifíse. Reáchtáladh cruinniú de lucht leanúna GoT, ar a tugadh an ''Moot'', cheana féin sa bhliain 2009 agus bhí ceann eile, ''Moot 2'', le bheith ar siúl agus Martin in Éirinn. Tháinig dlús faoin gcomhoibriú idir na grúpaí uile a bhí ag iarraidh aonach a bheith acu i mBéal Feirste agus cuireadh tús le haonach nua Thuaisceart Éireann. Bhí rath ar ''Moot2'' agus cuireadh tús le TitanCon an bhliain dár gcionn.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://winteriscoming.net/2019/02/19/martin-is-visiting-a-european-con-this-summer-shell/|title=George R.R. Martin to be the guest of honor at TitanCon 2019|date=19 February 2019|work=Winter is Coming|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7Fan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/the-best-uk-fan-conventions-to-visit-that-guarantee-experience-youll-never-forget-18665795|title=7 Fan Conventions In The UK That'll Let You Truly Indulge Your Fave Obsession|author=Sharkey|first=Lauren|language=as Béarla|work=Bustle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/peadar-%C3%B3-guil%C3%ADn-waiting-for-the-call-1.3101328|title=Peadar Ó Guilín: waiting for the call|author=Hennessy|first=Claire|language=as Béarla|work=[[The Irish Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/tv-radio-web/the-game-of-thrones-tourists-1.1357475|title=The ‘Game of Thrones’ tourists|work=[[The Irish Times]]|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/entertainment-arts-29275424/games-of-thrones-inspired-ballet-performed-by-brutal-ballet|title=Metal ballet meets Games of Thrones|language=as Béarla|work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/news/its-game-on-as-pratchetts-discworld-is-brought-to-life-28643017.html|title=It's game on as Pratchett's Discworld is brought to life|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mhéadaigh ar an aonach nuair a bhuaigh sé san iomaíocht chun EuroCon 2019 a óstáil agus Baile Átha Cliath ina óstach ar Worldcon an bhliain chéanna agus ba é Máirtín Aoi Oinigh an aonaigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOH&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.joe.ie/movies-tv/george-r-r-martin-will-visiting-ireland-year-658776|title=Game of Thrones author George R.R. Martin will be visiting Ireland this year|language=as Béarla|work=[[JOE.ie]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7Fan&quot; /&gt;

=== Aíonna ===
I measc na n-aíonna a bhí i láthair ag an aonach tá: Adrian Tchaikovsky, [[Andy Luke]], Blackstaff Press, [[Brutal Ballet]], David Bradshaw, &amp; [[Leonard Boyd]], [[Debbie (DJ) McCune]], Elliot Grove, Emma Andrews, George Clarke, Ian McDonald, Jan Siegel, Jo Zebedee, [[Joanna Volpe]], Joe Abercrombie, [[Joseph Campo]], Ken Gregory, [[Ken Magee]], [[Laurence Donaghy]], Leigh Bardugo, [[Medieval Combat Group]], Michael Stuart, agus [[Kristy Robinson]], Pat Cadigan, Patrick Brown, [[Paul J Holden]], Paul Kearney, Peadar Ó Guilín, Richard Crawford, Roz Kaveney, Ruth Frances Long, Sarah Pinborough, [[Spence Wright]], [[T.A. Moore|TA Moore]], Taryn Southern, [[The Clandestine]], [[Zoë Sumra]].

=== Suíomhanna agus dátaí ===
* 24 Meán Fómhair 2011, Ionad Taispeántais Europa, Béal Feirste
* 22 Meán Fómhair 2012, Ionad Taispeántais Europa, Béal Feirste
* 6–8 Meán Fómhair 2013, Óstán Pháirc Wellington, Béal Feirste
* 12–14 Meán Fómhair 2014, Óstán Pháirc Wellington, Béal Feirste
* 25–27 Meán Fómhair 2015, Óstán Pháirc Wellington, Béal Feirste
* 30-2 Meán Fómhair/Deireadh Fómhair 2016, Óstán Pháirc Wellington, Béal Feirste
* 5–10 Meán Fómhair 2017, Óstán Pháirc Wellington, Béal Feirste
* 24–26 Lúnasa 2018, Óstán Pháirc Wellington, Béal Feirste
* 22–24 Lúnasa 2019, Ionad Comhdhála Cois Cuain, Béal Feirste

== Nascanna amach ==
* Suíomh gréasáin: [https://web.archive.org/web/20260908032742/https://titancon.com/ TitanCon.com]

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Eurocon]]
* ''[[Game of Thrones|Cluiche na gCorónach]]''

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta Éireannach]]
[[Catagóir:Fantaisíocht Éireannach]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach Éireannach]]
[[Catagóir:Féilte ealaíon]]
[[Catagóir:Béal Feirste]]
[[Catagóir:Féilte a bunaíodh in 2010]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 2010]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 2010í]]</text>
      <sha1>5jykxd24ga52ozror0mfamf6zjhznjy</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta an Oirdheiscirt</title>
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      <text bytes="8588" sha1="a5fd7avy3dst0eo9p2h3m2p1a7jwcr7" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta|child=Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta an Oirdheiscirt|website=https://www.setu.ie/|data_fundacio=1 Bealtaine 2022|estadi=Port Láirge, Ceatharlach, Loch Garman}}

Is ollscoil phoiblí i b[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Poblacht na hÉireann]] í '''Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta an Oirdheiscirt''' (Béarla: ''South East Technological University'' nó ''SETU'') a bunaíodh ar an 1ú Bealtaine 2022 nuair a rinneadh cónascadh idir [[Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Phort Láirge]] agus [[Institiúid Teicneolaíochta, Ceatharlach]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-further-and-higher-education-research-innovation-and-science/press-releases/establishment-of-south-east-technological-university-and-its-first-president-is-welcomed-by-minister-harris/|teideal=Establishment of South East Technological University and its first president is welcomed by Minister Harris|údar=Rialtas na hÉireann|dáta=2022-05-01|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn campais de chuid na hollscoile ar fud an oirdheiscirt i bPort Láirge, Ceatharlach, Loch Garman agus Cill Chainnigh le thart ar 18,000 mac léinn agus 2,000 fostaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.setu.ie/about/setu-campuses|teideal=SETU Campuses|údar=SETU|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Stair ==
Sa bhliain 2006, chuir Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Phort Láirge iarratas isteach chuig an Roinn Oideachais agus Eolaíochta chun stádas ollscoile a bhaint amach ach níor éirigh leo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-10030197.html|teideal=Waterford IT applies to graduate to university status|údar=Neans McSweeney {{!}} Irish Examiner|dáta=2006-03-01|dátarochtana=2026-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ghlac Rialtas na hÉireann le moltaí ón Aire Oideachais agus Scileanna sa bhliain 2013 chun trí ollscoil nua a chruthú ag déanamh cónasctha idir institiúidí teicneolaíochta. Bheadh ceann amháin i mBaile Átha Cliath, ceann eile san iardheisceart agus ollscoil eile san oirdheisceart ag cónasctha IT Phort Láirge agus IT, Ceatharlach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://universitydiary.wordpress.com/2013/05/30/technological-universities-a-view-from-the-south-east-of-ireland/|teideal=Technological universities? A view from the the South-East of Ireland|údar=Dr Cormac O'Raifeartaigh {{!}} Ferdinand von Prondzynski|dáta=2013-05-30|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sa bhliain 2018, chuir an Taoiseach Leo Varadkar a dhíomá in iúl maidir leis an easpa forbartha a bhí déanta idir IT Phort Láirge agus IT, Ceatharlach chun ollscoil nua don oirdheisceart a bhunú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.munster-express.ie/taoiseach-calls-for-progress-on-waterfordcarlow-tu-bid/|teideal=Taoiseach calls for progress on Waterford/Carlow TU bid|údar=The Munster Express|dáta=2018-03-16|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Aibreáin 2021, rinneadh comhiarratas thar ceann Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Phort Láirge agus Institiúid Teicneolaíochta, Ceatharlach faoi Acht na nOllscoileanna Teicneolaíochta 2018 chun stádas ollscoile a bhaint amach. D'fhógair Aire na Roinne Breisoideachais agus Ardoideachais [[Simon Harris]] i mí na Samhna an bhliain chéanna go bunófaí ollscoil nua don oirdheisceart agus bunaíodh Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta an Oirdheiscirt i ndeireadh na dála sa bhliain 2022 le cónascadh an dá institiúid teicneolaíochta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/regional/2021/1102/1257417-tu-south-east/|teideal=New TU to be established in southeast|údar=RTÉ|dáta=2021-11-02|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Is í an chéad ollscoil sa réigiún agus an cúigiú ollscoil teicneolaíochta a bunaíodh in Éirinn ó 2019 ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.shannonchamber.ie/minister-harris-officially-opens-south-east-technological-university/|teideal=Minister Harris officially opens South East Technological University|údar=Shannon Chamber|dáta=2022-10-27|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Campais ==
[[Íomhá:Waterford Institute of Technology, 2021-06-01, 08.jpg|mion|Scoil na nEolaíochtaí Sláinte, Campas Bhóthar Chorcaí, Port Láirge]]
Bíonn príomhchampais na hollscoile lonnaithe i bPort Láirge agus Ceatharlach le cúig agus dhá fhochampas sna bailte seo faoi seach. Chomh maith leis sin, bíonn dhá champas níos lú i mbaile Loch Garman.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Sa bhliain 2025, fógraíodh plean athfhorbartha €130 milliún don iarshuíomh déantúsaíochta ''Waterford Crystal'' díreach in aice le Campas Bhóthar Chorcaí, an príomhchampas i bPort Láirge. Is é sprioc na scéime seo ná 'ceathrú fiontraíochta' a chruthú le hoifigí chun fáilte a chur roimh comhlachtaí agus lóistín do mhic léinn a chur ar fáil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://waterfordcouncil.ie/former-waterford-crystal-site-in-e130m-transformation/|teideal=Former Waterford crystal site in €130 million transformation|údar=Comhairle Cathrach agus Contae Phort Láirge|dáta=2025-06-10|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'oscail an Taoiseach [[Mícheál Ó Máirtín|Micheál Ó Máirtín]] céad chéim na hoibrithe i Márta 2026 le pleananna faoi bhealach chun dhá shaoráid nua a thógáil, ceann amháin don chógaisíocht agus tréidliacht agus ceann eile don staidéar sláinte.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.setu.ie/news/setus-glassworks-developments-move-to-next-stage|teideal=SETU's Glassworks developments move to next stage.|údar=SETU|dáta=2026-04-02|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dámha na hOllscoile ==
Bíonn sé dhámh ag Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta an Oirdheiscirt:&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://research.setu.ie/en/organisations/|teideal=Organisational Units|údar=SETU|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Dámh na nDána agus na nDaonnachtaí
* Dámh an Ghnó
* Dámh an Oideachais agus Foghlaim ar feadh an tSaoil
* Dámh na hEolaíochta agus na Ríomhaireachta
* Dámh na nEolaíochtaí Sláinte
* Dámh na hInnealtóireachta agus na Timpeallachta Tógtha

== Taighde ==
Bíonn ionaid taighde speisialaithe ag an ollscoil ag feidhmiú i bPort Láirge agus i gCeatharlach araon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.setu.ie/research-innovation/institute-centres-and-groups/research-centres|teideal=Research centres|údar=SETU|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is iad seo na hionaid taighde i bPort Láirge:

* PMBRC - Ionad Taighde um Bhi-theicneolaíocht Cógaisíochta agus Móilíní

* SEAM - Ábhair Fheidhmeacha an Oirdheiscirt

* EIRC - Ionad Taighde um Éiceanuálaíocht

* INSYTE Research - Ionad um Chórais Faisnéise agus Cultúr Teicneolaíochta

* SABRE - Ailtireacht Inbhuanaithe agus Taighde ar an Timpeallacht Thógtha

* NRCI - Ionad Taighde um Chothú Éireann

Is iad seo na hionaid taighde i gCeatharlach:

* EnviroCORE - Teicneolaíocht an Chomhshaoil

* CompuCORE - Ardbhogearraí agus Líonraí
* EngCORE - Ionad um Thaighde agus Fiontar Innealtóireachta 
* HealthCORE - Ionad Náisiúnta um Shláinte na bhFear
* DesignCORE - Nuálaíocht sa Dearadh
* EduCORE - 
* SocialCORE - Ag feabhsú Cleachtas Gairmiúil trí Thaighde
* Design+ - Innealtóireacht, Ríomhaireacht agus Eolaíocht bhitheach
* RIKON - Bainistíocht Teicneolaíocht Gnó

== Comhoibriú Idirnáisiúnta ==
Is ball de ''EU-CONEXUS'' í Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta an Oirdheiscirt, comhaontas idirnáisiúnta a aontaíonn naoi n-ollscoil cois cósta ar fud na hEorpa, ag díriú ar inbhuanaitheacht uirbeach cósta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.eu-conexus.eu/en/home/who-we-are/|teideal=Who we are|údar=EU-Conexus|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Is iad seo na hollscoileanna eile atá páirteach sa chomhaontas:&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

* Ollscoil La Rochelle (An Fhrainc) 
* Ollscoil Rostock (An Ghearmáin)
* Ollscoil Klaipėda (An Liotuáin)
* Ollscoil Talmhaíochta na hAithne (An Ghréig)
* Ollscoil Chaitliceach Valencia (An Spáinn)
* Ollscoil Zadar (An Chróit)
* Ollscoil Frederick (An Chipir)
* Ollscoil Teicniúla um Innealtóireacht Shibhialta (An Rómáin)

== Féach freisin ==
[[Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath]]

[[Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta na Mumhan]]

[[Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta na Sionainne: Lár Tíre, an tIarthar Láir|Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta na Sionnaine]]

== Tagairtí ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Catagóir:Ollscoileanna]]
[[Catagóir:Ollscoileanna in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Oideachas in Éirinn]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Séasúr Foirmle a hAon 2026</title>
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí}}

[[Íomhá:Formula One logo.svg|lár|220px|alt=Lógó Foirmle a hAon]]

[[Íomhá:FIA F1 Austria 2026 Nr. 12 Antonelli (3).jpg|mion|deas|alt=Kimi Antonelli i gcarr Mercedes ag Grand Prix na hOstaire 2026|Kimi Antonelli ag tiomáint Mercedes W17 ag Grand Prix na hOstaire in 2026.]]

Is é '''Séasúr Foirmle a hAon 2026''' an 77ú séasúr de [[Foirmle a hAon|Craobhchomórtas Domhanda Foirmle a hAon]], arna eagrú faoi rialacha na [[Cónaidhm Idirnáisiúnta na Gluaisteánaíochta|Cónaidhme Idirnáisiúnta Gluaisteánaíochta]] (FIA). Is craobhchomórtas idirnáisiúnta do ghluaisteáin rásaíochta aon suíocháin í agus is í an tsraith is airde sa rásaíocht mhótair rotha oscailte í. Cuireadh tús leis an séasúr i mí an Mhárta agus tá sé le críochnú i mí na Nollag. Tá 23 Grand Prix san fhéilire leasaithe. Faoi dheireadh Grand Prix Shingeapór an 11 Deireadh Fómhair, bhí 17 rás críochnaithe; tá sé bhabhta fós le reáchtáil, agus Grand Prix na Stát Aontaithe le bheith ar siúl in Austin an 23–25 Deireadh Fómhair.&lt;ref name=&quot;calendar&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/racing/2026 Féilire agus torthaí oifigiúla Formula 1 2026], Formula 1, arna sheiceáil an 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba é [[Lando Norris]] curadh na dtiománaithe in 2025, agus ba é [[McLaren]] curadh na dtógálaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;champ2025d&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2025/drivers Seasaimh Chraobhchomórtas na dTiománaithe 2025], Formula 1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;champ2025c&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2025/team Seasaimh Chraobhchomórtas na dTógálaithe 2025], Formula 1.&lt;/ref&gt; Tar éis 17 rás in 2026, tá [[Kimi Antonelli]] ó [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] chun tosaigh i gCraobhchomórtas na dTiománaithe le 340 pointe, 102 phointe chun tosaigh ar a chomhghleacaí foirne [[George Russell]]. Tá Mercedes ar bharr Chraobhchomórtas na dTógálaithe le 578 pointe, agus tá Ferrari sa dara háit le 444 pointe.&lt;ref name=&quot;drivers2026&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/drivers Seasaimh Chraobhchomórtas na dTiománaithe 2026], Formula 1, arna sheiceáil an 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;teams2026&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/team Seasaimh Chraobhchomórtas na dTógálaithe 2026], Formula 1, arna sheiceáil an 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá athrú suntasach tagtha ar rialacháin theicniúla na sraithe in 2026, go háirithe ar na haonaid chumhachta hibrideacha agus ar aeraidinimic na ngluaisteán. Tháinig Audi isteach mar fhoireann oibreacha tar éis seilbh iomlán a fháil ar Sauber, agus thosaigh Cadillac ag rásaíocht mar an t-aonú foireann déag. Is iad Mercedes, Ferrari, Audi, Honda agus Red Bull Ford na soláthraithe aonad cumhachta don séasúr.&lt;ref name=&quot;rules&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-f1-rules-for-2026 Gach rud atá le tuiscint faoi rialacháin nua Formula 1 do 2026] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Formula 1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;audi&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/audi-expands-commitment-to-formula-1-with-100-takeover-of-sauber Audi ag glacadh seilbhe iomláine ar Sauber] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Formula 1, 8 Márta 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cadillac&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/cadillac-receive-final-approval-to-join-formula-1-grid-in-2026-as-11th-team Faigheann Cadillac cead deiridh chun dul isteach san eangach in 2026] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Formula 1, 7 Márta 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Foirne agus tiománaithe ==

Tá 11 fhoireann ar an eangach, dhá ghluaisteán in aghaidh na foirne, agus 22 tiománaí ar an liosta reatha. Tugann an tábla thíos uimhir gach tiománaí, ainm an chairr, agus monaróir an aonaid chumhachta. Tá samhlacha na ngluaisteán bunaithe ar liosta na gcarranna a foilsíodh roimh an séasúr; dhearbhaigh Formula 1 na tiománaithe agus na foirne atá páirteach in 2026.&lt;ref name=&quot;lineup&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/drivers?stream=top Tiománaithe reatha Formula 1 2026], Formula 1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;carnames&quot;&gt;[https://racingnews365.com/every-car-name-for-the-2026-f1-season Ainmneacha na ngluaisteán F1 do shéasúr 2026], RacingNews365, 28 Feabhra 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
|+ Foirne, gluaisteáin, aonaid chumhachta agus tiománaithe in 2026
! Foireann !! Tógálaí / samhail an chairr !! Aonad cumhachta !! Tiománaithe
|-
| style=&quot;background:#0090d0;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|France}} [[Alpine F1 Team|Alpine]] || Alpine A526 || {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes || {{bratach|France}} 10 – [[Pierre Gasly]]&lt;br /&gt;{{bratach|Argentina}} 43 – [[Franco Colapinto]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#00594f;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Aston Martin in Formula One|Aston Martin]] || Aston Martin AMR26 || {{bratach|Japan}} Honda || {{bratach|Spain}} 14 – [[Fernando Alonso]]&lt;br /&gt;{{bratach|Canada}} 18 – [[Lance Stroll]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#bb0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} [[Audi in Formula One|Audi]] || Audi R26 || {{bratach|Germany}} Audi || {{bratach|Brazil}} 5 – [[Gabriel Bortoleto]]&lt;br /&gt;{{bratach|Germany}} 27 – [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#222;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United States}} [[Cadillac in Formula One|Cadillac]] || Cadillac MAC-26 || {{bratach|Italy}} Ferrari || {{bratach|Mexico}} 11 – [[Sergio Pérez]]&lt;br /&gt;{{bratach|Finland}} 77 – [[Valtteri Bottas]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#dc0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] || Ferrari SF-26 || {{bratach|Italy}} Ferrari || {{bratach|Monaco}} 16 – [[Charles Leclerc]]&lt;br /&gt;{{bratach|United Kingdom}} 44 – [[Lewis Hamilton]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#b6b6b6;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United States}} [[Haas F1 Team|Haas]] || Haas VF-26 || {{bratach|Italy}} Ferrari || {{bratach|France}} 31 – [[Esteban Ocon]]&lt;br /&gt;{{bratach|United Kingdom}} 87 – [[Oliver Bearman]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ff8700;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[McLaren]] || McLaren MCL40 || {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes || {{bratach|United Kingdom}} 1 – [[Lando Norris]]&lt;br /&gt;{{bratach|Australia}} 81 – [[Oscar Piastri]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]] || Mercedes W17 || {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes || {{bratach|Italy}} 12 – [[Kimi Antonelli]]&lt;br /&gt;{{bratach|United Kingdom}} 63 – [[George Russell]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#3671c6;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Racing Bulls]] || Racing Bulls VCARB 03 || Red Bull Ford || {{bratach|New Zealand}} 30 – [[Liam Lawson]]&lt;br /&gt;{{bratach|United Kingdom}} 41 – [[Arvid Lindblad]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#1e2c5b;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Austria}} [[Red Bull Racing]] || Red Bull RB22 || Red Bull Ford || {{bratach|Netherlands}} 3 – [[Max Verstappen]]&lt;br /&gt;{{bratach|France}} 6 – [[Isack Hadjar]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#0078c9;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Williams Racing|Williams]] || Williams FW48 || {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes || {{bratach|Thailand}} 23 – [[Alexander Albon]]&lt;br /&gt;{{bratach|Spain}} 55 – [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]]
|}

Úsáideann Mercedes, McLaren, Williams agus Alpine aonaid chumhachta Mercedes; úsáideann Ferrari, Haas agus Cadillac aonaid Ferrari; agus roinneann Red Bull Racing agus Racing Bulls teicneolaíocht Red Bull Ford. Tá aonad Honda ag Aston Martin agus aonad Audi féin ag Audi. D'fhág Renault an margadh mar sholáthraí aonad cumhachta tar éis 2025 nuair a d'aistrigh Alpine chuig Mercedes.&lt;ref name=&quot;alpine&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/alpine-to-use-mercedes-power-units-and-gearbox-from-2026 Alpine chun aonaid chumhachta agus giarbhoscaí Mercedes a úsáid ó 2026] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Formula 1, 12 Samhain 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;honda&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/breaking-honda-to-make-full-scale-f1-return-in-2026-as-they-join-forces-with Honda agus Aston Martin le bheith i gcomhpháirtíocht ó 2026] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Formula 1, 24 Bealtaine 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ford&quot;&gt;[https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2023/01/03/ford-returns-to-formula-1--strategic-partner-to-oracle-red-bull-.html Filleann Ford ar Formula 1 i gcomhpháirtíocht le Red Bull], Ford Media Center, 3 Eanáir 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;


Is é Cadillac an chéad iontrálaí nua ar an eangach ó tháinig foireann déag isteach in 2016. Ba é Audi an dara hathrú mór ar struchtúr na bhfoirne: bhí an fhoireann ar a dtugtaí Sauber roimhe seo á hathrú ina hiomaitheoir oibreacha Audi. Chuir an dá athrú leis an líon brandaí gluaisteán atá ag forbairt nó ag soláthar carranna agus aonaid chumhachta don chraobh.&lt;ref name=&quot;audi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cadillac&quot; /&gt;

Tá Yuki Tsunoda ar liosta na dtiománaithe i seasaimh oifigiúla na dtiománaithe le pointe amháin, cé nach bhfuil sé ar an liosta reatha de 22 tiománaí foirne. Dá bhrí sin, taispeántar é sa tábla seasaimh thíos ach ní chuirtear san áireamh é mar cheann den dá thiománaí reatha atá liostaithe do gach foireann.&lt;ref name=&quot;drivers2026&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lineup&quot; /&gt;

=== Grianghraif de thiománaithe ===

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;175&quot;&gt;
2026 Chinese GP - Mercedes - Kimi Antonelli - Post Race Celebration.jpg|{{bratach|Italy}} Kimi Antonelli, Mercedes
Mercedes-AMG F1 W17 E Performance of George Russell (028A8051).jpg|{{bratach|United Kingdom}} George Russell, Mercedes
Charles Leclerc at the Melbourne Walk during the 2026 Australian Grand Prix (028A8638) (cropped).jpg|{{bratach|Monaco}} Charles Leclerc, Ferrari
2026 Chinese GP - Lando Norris (cropped).jpg|{{bratach|United Kingdom}} Lando Norris, McLaren
2026 Chinese GP - Oscar Piastri (cropped) (cropped).jpg|{{bratach|Australia}} Oscar Piastri, McLaren
Max Verstappen at the Red Bull Fan Zone – Crown Riverwalk, Melbourne (028A7659) - cropped.jpg|{{bratach|Netherlands}} Max Verstappen, Red Bull Racing
Ferrari SF-26 of Lewis Hamilton (028A8067).jpg|{{bratach|United Kingdom}} Ferrari SF-26 a thiomáin Lewis Hamilton
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Rialacháin theicniúla ==

[[Íomhá:Max Verstappen at the Red Bull Fan Zone – Crown Riverwalk, Melbourne (028A7659) - cropped.jpg|mion|clé|alt=Max Verstappen i bhfeisteas Red Bull ag Melbourne i mí an Mhárta 2026|Max Verstappen ag imeacht poiblí roimh Grand Prix na hAstráile 2026.]]

Tháinig glúin nua de charranna agus d'aonaid chumhachta isteach in 2026. Tá toisí na ngluaisteán níos lú agus tá siad níos éadroime ná na carranna a úsáideadh sa ré rialachán roimhe seo. Athraíodh an córas hibrideach go suntasach: tá ról i bhfad níos mó ag an gcumhacht leictreach agus táthar ag brath níos lú ar an inneall dócháin inmheánaigh amháin. Úsáidtear breosla inbhuanaithe sna haonaid nua chomh maith.&lt;ref name=&quot;rules&quot; /&gt;

Tá aeraidinimic ghníomhach ar na sciatháin tosaigh agus cúil. Is féidir leis an tiománaí suíomh na sciathán a athrú idir socrú a laghdaíonn an fhriotaíocht aeir ar dhíreacha agus socrú a thugann níos mó greim sna coirnéil. Ní hionann an córas seo agus an sean-Chóras Laghdaithe Tarraingthe (DRS), a raibh ceangal sonrach aige le fad an chairr ón gcarr chun tosaigh. Tá modhanna bainistíochta fuinnimh ann freisin: tugann ''Boost'' deis don tiománaí cumhacht leictreach bhreise a úsáid, cuidíonn ''Recharge'' leis an gceallra a athluchtú, agus cuireann ''Overtake'' fuinneamh breise ar fáil i gcásanna scoitheadh atá sainithe sna rialacháin.&lt;ref name=&quot;rules&quot; /&gt;

Ba iad na hathruithe seo an t-athrú is mó ar rialacháin na n-aonad cumhachta ó tugadh na córais hibrideacha isteach in 2014. Ba í 2025 an bhliain dheireanach den chumraíocht roimhe seo agus den DRS mar a bhí sé in úsáid ag an am.&lt;ref name=&quot;rules&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;champ2025d&quot; /&gt;

== Féilire ==

Bhí 24 imeacht sa sceideal bunaidh. I mí an Mhárta, áfach, fógraíodh nach mbeadh Grand Prix na Bairéine ná Grand Prix na hAraibe Sádaí ar siúl ar a ndátaí sceidealaithe i mí Aibreáin, mar gheall ar an staid slándála sa Mheánoirthear; níor cuireadh imeachtaí eile isteach ina n-áit ag an am.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancellations&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/bahrain-and-saudi-arabian-grands-prix-will-not-capture-place-in-april.1hnqllVG85RSt8pbFc5Ivx Ní bheidh Grand Prix na Bairéine ná Grand Prix na hAraibe Sádaí ar siúl i mí Aibreáin], Formula 1, 14 Márta 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; I mí Iúil, fógraíodh go mbeadh rás ainmnithe Grand Prix na Bairéine ar siúl ag [[Sepang International Circuit]] sa Mhalaeisia i mí Dheireadh Fómhair. Dá bharr sin, tá 23 imeacht sa fhéilire reatha: 22 Grand Prix ag a n-ionaid sceidealaithe féin agus Grand Prix na Bairéine ag ionad malartach sa Mhalaeisia.&lt;ref name=&quot;bahrainMalaysia&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-and-fia-confirm-malaysia-will-join-2026-calendar-as-host-venue-for-bahrain-grand-prix.6lL7vjFEM2VVynRHvg1TCf An Mhalaeisia le bheith mar ionad do Grand Prix na Bairéine in 2026], Formula 1 agus FIA, 26 Iúil 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;calendar&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Féilire leasaithe Chraobhchomórtas Domhanda Foirmle a hAon 2026. Tá na dátaí bunaithe ar an bhféilire oifigiúil, arna sheiceáil an 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026.&lt;ref name=&quot;calendar&quot; /&gt;
! Babhta !! Grand Prix !! Ráschúrsa / ionad !! Dátaí an deireadh seachtaine !! Sprint
|-
! 1
| {{bratach|Australia}} [[Grand Prix na hAstráile]] || [[Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit]], Melbourne || 6–8 Márta || —
|-
! 2
| {{bratach|China}} [[Grand Prix na Síne]] || [[Shanghai International Circuit]], Shanghai || 13–15 Márta || Tá
|-
! 3
| {{bratach|Japan}} [[Grand Prix na Seapáine]] || [[Suzuka International Racing Course]], Suzuka || 27–29 Márta || —
|-
! 4
| {{bratach|United States}} [[Grand Prix Miami]] || [[Miami International Autodrome]], Miami Gardens || 1–3 Bealtaine || Tá
|-
! 5
| {{bratach|Canada}} [[Grand Prix Cheanada]] || [[Circuit Gilles-Villeneuve]], Montréal || 22–24 Bealtaine || Tá
|-
! 6
| {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Grand Prix Mhonacó]] || [[Circuit de Monaco]], Monacó || 5–7 Meitheamh || —
|-
! 7
| {{bratach|Spain}} [[Grand Prix Barcelona-Catalunya]] || [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya]], Montmeló || 12–14 Meitheamh || —
|-
! 8
| {{bratach|Austria}} [[Grand Prix na hOstaire]] || [[Red Bull Ring]], Spielberg || 26–28 Meitheamh || —
|-
! 9
| {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Grand Prix na Breataine]] || [[Silverstone Circuit]], Silverstone || 3–5 Iúil || Tá
|-
! 10
| {{bratach|Belgium}} [[Grand Prix na Beilge]] || [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]], Stavelot || 17–19 Iúil || —
|-
! 11
| {{bratach|Hungary}} [[Grand Prix na hUngáire]] || [[Hungaroring]], Mogyoród || 24–26 Iúil || —
|-
! 12
| {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Grand Prix na hÍsiltíre]] || [[Circuit Zandvoort]], Zandvoort || 21–23 Lúnasa || Tá
|-
! 13
| {{bratach|Italy}} [[Grand Prix na hIodáile]] || [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza]], Monza || 4–6 Meán Fómhair || —
|-
! 14
| {{bratach|Spain}} [[Grand Prix na Spáinne]] || Ciorcad IFEMA Madrid, Maidrid || 11–13 Meán Fómhair || —
|-
! 15
| {{bratach|Azerbaijan}} [[Grand Prix na hAsarbaiseáine]] || [[Baku City Circuit]], Baku || 24–26 Meán Fómhair || —
|-
! 16
| {{bratach|Malaysia}} {{bratach|Bahrain}} Grand Prix na Bairéine (sa Mhalaeisia) || [[Sepang International Circuit]], Sepang || 2–4 Deireadh Fómhair || —
|-
! 17
| {{bratach|Singapore}} [[Grand Prix Singeapór]] || [[Marina Bay Street Circuit]], Singeapór || 9–11 Deireadh Fómhair || Tá
|-
! 18
| {{bratach|United States}} [[Grand Prix na Stát Aontaithe]] || [[Circuit of the Americas]], Austin || 23–25 Deireadh Fómhair || —
|-
! 19
| {{bratach|Mexico}} [[Grand Prix Chathair Mheicsiceo]] || [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez]], Cathair Mheicsiceo || 30 Deireadh Fómhair – 1 Samhain || —
|-
! 20
| {{bratach|Brazil}} [[Grand Prix São Paulo]] || [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace]], São Paulo || 6–8 Samhain || —
|-
! 21
| {{bratach|United States}} [[Grand Prix Las Vegas]] || [[Las Vegas Strip Circuit]], Las Vegas || 19–21 Samhain || —
|-
! 22
| {{bratach|Qatar}} [[Grand Prix Catar]] || [[Lusail International Circuit]], Lusail || 27–29 Samhain || —
|-
! 23
| {{bratach|United Arab Emirates}} [[Grand Prix Abu Dhabi]] || [[Yas Marina Circuit]], Abu Dhabi || 4–6 Nollaig || —
|}

Reáchtáiltear sé rás Sprint le linn an tséasúir: sa tSín, i Miami, i gCeanada, sa Bhreatain Mhór, san Ísiltír agus i Singeapór. Bíonn rás Sprint ar siúl mar chuid den deireadh seachtaine agus bronnann sé pointí craobhchomórtais, ar leith ón Grand Prix féin.&lt;ref name=&quot;sprints&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-beginners-guide-to-the-f1-sprint.55yJBEiF7vYkZEwSV9lZJ9 Treoir do thosaitheoirí ar an Sprint], Formula 1.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Torthaí rásaí ==

=== Grand Prix: pole position, an lap is tapúla agus na podiums ===

Tugann an tábla torthaí na seisiúin cháilithe, na laps is tapúla agus na chéad trí áit sna rásaí a críochnaíodh. Tá na sé bhabhta deiridh fós le reáchtáil amhail an 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026. Tá na naisc i gcolún na dtorthaí ag dul chuig torthaí oifigiúla Formula 1.&lt;ref name=&quot;calendar&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
|+ Torthaí Grand Prix in 2026
! Babhta !! Grand Prix !! Pole position !! Lap is tapúla !! Buaiteoir !! 2ú !! 3ú !! Tógálaí buaiteach !! Torthaí oifigiúla
|-
! 1
| {{bratach|Australia}} [[Grand Prix na hAstráile|Grand Prix na hAstráile]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1279/australia/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 2
| {{bratach|China}} [[Grand Prix na Síne|Grand Prix na Síne]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1280/china/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 3
| {{bratach|Japan}} [[Grand Prix na Seapáine|Grand Prix na Seapáine]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Australia}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1281/japan/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 4
| {{bratach|United States}} [[Grand Prix Miami|Grand Prix Miami]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Australia}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1284/miami/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 5
| {{bratach|Canada}} [[Grand Prix Cheanada|Grand Prix Cheanada]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1285/canada/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 6
| {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Grand Prix Mhonacó|Grand Prix Mhonacó]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|France}} [[Isack Hadjar]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1286/monaco/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 7
| {{bratach|Spain}} [[Grand Prix Barcelona-Catalunya|Grand Prix Barcelona-Catalunya]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#dc0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} Ferrari
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1287/barcelona-catalunya/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 8
| {{bratach|Austria}} [[Grand Prix na hOstaire|Grand Prix na hOstaire]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1288/austria/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 9
| {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Grand Prix na Breataine|Grand Prix na Breataine]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| style=&quot;background:#dc0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} Ferrari
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1289/great-britain/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 10
| {{bratach|Belgium}} [[Grand Prix na Beilge|Grand Prix na Beilge]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1290/belgium/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 11
| {{bratach|Hungary}} [[Grand Prix na hUngáire|Grand Prix na hUngáire]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#ff8700;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} McLaren
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1291/hungary/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 12
| {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Grand Prix na hÍsiltíre|Grand Prix na hÍsiltíre]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#ff8700;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} McLaren
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1292/netherlands/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 13
| {{bratach|Italy}} [[Grand Prix na hIodáile|Grand Prix na hIodáile]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|France}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1293/italy/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 14
| {{bratach|Spain}} [[Grand Prix na Spáinne|Grand Prix na Spáinne]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1294/spain/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 15
| {{bratach|Azerbaijan}} [[Grand Prix na hAsarbaiseáine|Grand Prix na hAsarbaiseáine]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|France}} [[Isack Hadjar]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1295/azerbaijan/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 16
| {{bratach|Malaysia}} [[Grand Prix na Bairéine sa Mhalaeisia|Grand Prix na Bairéine sa Mhalaeisia]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| style=&quot;background:#1e2c5b;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Austria}} Red Bull Racing – Red Bull Ford
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1308/bahrain/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 17
| {{bratach|Singapore}} [[Grand Prix Singeapór|Grand Prix Singeapór]]
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;text-align:center;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#1e2c5b;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Austria}} Red Bull Racing – Red Bull Ford
| [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1296/singapore/race-result Torthaí]
|-
! 18
| {{bratach|United States}} Grand Prix na Stát Aontaithe
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 19
| {{bratach|Mexico}} Grand Prix Chathair Mheicsiceo
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 20
| {{bratach|Brazil}} Grand Prix São Paulo
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 21
| {{bratach|United States}} Grand Prix Las Vegas
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 22
| {{bratach|Qatar}} Grand Prix Catar
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 23
| {{bratach|United Arab Emirates}} Grand Prix Abu Dhabi
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|}

==== Eochair datha ====

* &lt;span style=&quot;background:#ffe680;padding:0.2em 0.5em;&quot;&gt;Ór&lt;/span&gt; — buaiteoir an Grand Prix.
* &lt;span style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;padding:0.2em 0.5em;&quot;&gt;Airgead&lt;/span&gt; — an dara háit.
* &lt;span style=&quot;background:#edc39a;padding:0.2em 0.5em;&quot;&gt;Cré-umha&lt;/span&gt; — an tríú háit.
* &lt;span style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;padding:0.2em 0.5em;&quot;&gt;Corcra éadrom&lt;/span&gt; — pole position.
* &lt;span style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;padding:0.2em 0.5em;&quot;&gt;Corcra&lt;/span&gt; — lap is tapúla.

=== Podiums na Sprint-rásaí ===

Bhronn na sé Sprint-rás pointí breise ar thiománaithe. Tá na trí áit is fearr le feiceáil thíos; tugann na naisc torthaí na seisiún oifigiúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;sprints&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
|+ Podiums sna Sprint-rásaí 2026
! Grand Prix !! 1ú !! 2ú !! 3ú !! Torthaí
|-
| {{bratach|China}} Grand Prix na Síne || style=&quot;background:#ffe680;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]] || style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]] || style=&quot;background:#edc39a;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]] || [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1280/china/sprint-results Torthaí]
|-
| {{bratach|United States}} Grand Prix Miami || style=&quot;background:#ffe680;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]] || style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;&quot; | {{bratach|Australia}} [[Oscar Piastri]] || style=&quot;background:#edc39a;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]] || [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1284/miami/sprint-results Torthaí]
|-
| {{bratach|Canada}} Grand Prix Cheanada || style=&quot;background:#ffe680;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]] || style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]] || style=&quot;background:#edc39a;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]] || [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1285/canada/sprint-results Torthaí]
|-
| {{bratach|United Kingdom}} Grand Prix na Breataine || style=&quot;background:#ffe680;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]] || style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]] || style=&quot;background:#edc39a;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]] || [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1289/great-britain/sprint-results Torthaí]
|-
| {{bratach|Netherlands}} Grand Prix na hÍsiltíre || style=&quot;background:#ffe680;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]] || style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]] || style=&quot;background:#edc39a;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]] || [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1292/netherlands/sprint-results Torthaí]
|-
| {{bratach|Singapore}} Grand Prix Singeapór || style=&quot;background:#ffe680;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]] || style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]] || style=&quot;background:#edc39a;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]] || [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1296/singapore/sprint-results Torthaí]
|}

== Seasaimh na gcraobhchomórtas ==

=== Craobhchomórtas na dTiománaithe ===

Is iad seo na seasaimh tar éis Grand Prix Singeapór an 11 Deireadh Fómhair 2026; ní seasaimh dheiridh an tséasúir iad.&lt;ref name=&quot;drivers2026&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
|+ Seasaimh tar éis Grand Prix Singeapór an 11 Deireadh Fómhair 2026&lt;ref name=&quot;drivers2026&quot; /&gt;
! Áit !! Tiománaí !! Foireann !! Pointí
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Mercedes
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 340
|-
! style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Mercedes
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 238
|-
! style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| style=&quot;background:#dc0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Ferrari
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 229
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 4
| {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#1e2c5b;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Red Bull Racing
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 221
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 5
| {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| style=&quot;background:#dc0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Ferrari
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 215
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 6
| {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#ff8700;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | McLaren
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 201
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 7
| {{bratach|Australia}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| style=&quot;background:#ff8700;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | McLaren
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 138
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 8
| {{bratach|France}} [[Isack Hadjar]]
| style=&quot;background:#1e2c5b;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Red Bull Racing
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 97
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 9
| {{bratach|New Zealand}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| style=&quot;background:#3671c6;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Racing Bulls
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 75
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 10
| {{bratach|France}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| style=&quot;background:#0090d0;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Alpine
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 41
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 11
| {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Arvid Lindblad]]
| style=&quot;background:#3671c6;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Racing Bulls
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 38
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 12
| {{bratach|Argentina}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| style=&quot;background:#0090d0;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Alpine
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 27
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 13
| {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| style=&quot;background:#b6b6b6;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Haas
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 23
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 14
| {{bratach|Germany}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| style=&quot;background:#bb0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Audi
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 13
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 15
| {{bratach|Brazil}} [[Gabriel Bortoleto]]
| style=&quot;background:#bb0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Audi
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 10
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 16
| {{bratach|France}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| style=&quot;background:#b6b6b6;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Haas
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 7
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 17
| {{bratach|Spain}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| style=&quot;background:#00594f;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Aston Martin
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 7
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 18
| {{bratach|Spain}} [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]]
| style=&quot;background:#0078c9;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Williams
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 7
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 19
| {{bratach|Thailand}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| style=&quot;background:#0078c9;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Williams
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 5
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 20
| {{bratach|Japan}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| style=&quot;background:#3671c6;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Racing Bulls
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 21
| {{bratach|Canada}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| style=&quot;background:#00594f;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Aston Martin
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 0
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 22
| {{bratach|Finland}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| style=&quot;background:#222222;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Cadillac
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 0
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 23
| {{bratach|Mexico}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| style=&quot;background:#222222;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | Cadillac
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 0
|}

==== Torthaí na dtiománaithe in aghaidh na babhta ====

Taispeántar áit chríochnaithe an Grand Prix amháin sa mhaitrís seo; tá torthaí na Sprint-rásaí sa tábla thuas. Is ionann dath an chealla agus toradh an rása: ór don chéad áit, airgead don dara háit, cré-umha don tríú háit, glas d'áit eile sna pointí, gorm d'áit eile rangaithe, liath do scor/neamh-rangú agus bándearg do DNS. Tá na sé cholún dheireanacha folamh go fóill mar níl na rásaí sin ar siúl amhail an 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026.&lt;ref name=&quot;calendar&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:80%;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;&quot;
|+ Torthaí de réir tiománaí agus Grand Prix
! Áit !! Tiománaí !! Foireann
! AUS
! CHN
! JPN
! MIA
! CAN
! MON
! BCN
! AUT
! GBR
! BEL
! HUN
! NED
! ITA
! ESP
! AZE
! BHR
! SIN
! USA
! MXC
! SAP
! LVG
! QAT
! ABU
|-
! 1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Mercedes
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16†
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 2
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell]]
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Mercedes
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 20†
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 3
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| style=&quot;background:#dc0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Ferrari
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 4
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| style=&quot;background:#1e2c5b;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Red Bull Racing
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 20†
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 5
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| style=&quot;background:#dc0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Ferrari
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15†
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 6
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]]
| style=&quot;background:#ff8700;color:#111;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | McLaren
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#f8d7da;color:#721c24;&quot; | DNS
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 7
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Australia}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| style=&quot;background:#ff8700;color:#111;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | McLaren
| style=&quot;background:#f8d7da;color:#721c24;&quot; | DNS
| style=&quot;background:#f8d7da;color:#721c24;&quot; | DNS
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 8
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|France}} [[Isack Hadjar]]
| style=&quot;background:#1e2c5b;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Red Bull Racing
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 9
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|New Zealand}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| style=&quot;background:#3671c6;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Racing Bulls
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 10
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|France}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| style=&quot;background:#0090d0;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Alpine
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 11
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Arvid Lindblad]]
| style=&quot;background:#3671c6;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Racing Bulls
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#f8d7da;color:#721c24;&quot; | DNS
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 12
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Argentina}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| style=&quot;background:#0090d0;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Alpine
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 13
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| style=&quot;background:#b6b6b6;color:#111;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Haas
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17†
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 19
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 14
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| style=&quot;background:#bb0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Audi
| style=&quot;background:#f8d7da;color:#721c24;&quot; | DNS
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 15
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Brazil}} [[Gabriel Bortoleto]]
| style=&quot;background:#bb0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Audi
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#f8d7da;color:#721c24;&quot; | DNS
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 16
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|France}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| style=&quot;background:#b6b6b6;color:#111;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Haas
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 17
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Spain}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| style=&quot;background:#00594f;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Aston Martin
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 19
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 18
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Spain}} [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]]
| style=&quot;background:#0078c9;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Williams
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16†
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 19
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Thailand}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| style=&quot;background:#0078c9;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Williams
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#f8d7da;color:#721c24;&quot; | DNS
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 20
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | NC
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17†
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18†
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 20
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Canada}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| style=&quot;background:#00594f;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Aston Martin
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | NC
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 19
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 21
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Finland}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| style=&quot;background:#222222;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Cadillac
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 19
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 19
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16†
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 19
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! 22
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Mexico}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| style=&quot;background:#222222;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;&quot; | Cadillac
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 19
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|}

* Tá Yuki Tsunoda fós ar liosta oifigiúil na seasamh le pointe amháin, ach ní raibh sé ar an liosta reatha de 22 tiománaí. Ní chuirtear torthaí babhta ar leith isteach sa mhaitrís do Tsunoda toisc nach léiríonn an sliocht sonraí a cuireadh ar fáil go cinnte cén Grand Prix lena mbaineann na háiteanna 11, 10 agus 14 a liostaítear dó. Féach ar an rangú oifigiúil chun a phointe iomlán a dheimhniú.&lt;ref name=&quot;drivers2026&quot; /&gt;


=== Craobhchomórtas na dTógálaithe ===

Is iad seo na pointí tar éis Grand Prix Singeapór an 11 Deireadh Fómhair 2026.&lt;ref name=&quot;teams2026&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
|+ Seasaimh Chraobhchomórtas na dTógálaithe tar éis Grand Prix Singeapór an 11 Deireadh Fómhair 2026&lt;ref name=&quot;teams2026&quot; /&gt;
! Áit !! Tógálaí !! Pointí !! Buaiteanna Grand Prix
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1
| style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 578
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 11
|-
! style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2
| style=&quot;background:#dc0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} Ferrari
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 444
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 2
|-
! style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3
| style=&quot;background:#ff8700;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} McLaren
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 339
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 2
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 4
| style=&quot;background:#1e2c5b;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Austria}} Red Bull Racing
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 332
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 2
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 5
| style=&quot;background:#3671c6;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} Racing Bulls
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 100
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 0
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 6
| style=&quot;background:#0090d0;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|France}} Alpine
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 68
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 0
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;background:#b6b6b6;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United States}} Haas
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 30
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 0
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 8
| style=&quot;background:#bb0000;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Audi
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 0
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 9
| style=&quot;background:#0078c9;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} Williams
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 12
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 0
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 10
| style=&quot;background:#00594f;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} Aston Martin
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 7
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 0
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;color:#222;&quot; | 11
| style=&quot;background:#222222;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | {{bratach|United States}} Cadillac
| style=&quot;text-align:right;background:#eef7ff;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 0
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 0
|}

==== Torthaí na bhfoirne de réir babhta ====

Léiríonn gach cill an dá thoradh Grand Prix a taifeadadh do thiománaithe na foirne, in ord ón áit is airde go dtí an áit is ísle. Ní pointí carnacha iad na huimhreacha sa mhaitrís seo; tá pointí iomlána na foirne sa tábla thuas.&lt;ref name=&quot;calendar&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;teams2026&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:80%;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;&quot;
|+ Torthaí na bhfoirne de réir Grand Prix
! Tógálaí
! AUS
! CHN
! JPN
! MIA
! CAN
! MON
! BCN
! AUT
! GBR
! BEL
! HUN
! NED
! ITA
! ESP
! AZE
! BHR
! SIN
! USA
! MXC
! SAP
! LVG
! QAT
! ABU
|-
! style=&quot;background:#00a19b;color:#111;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Mercedes
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 2
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 2
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 4
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 4
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 12
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 16†
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 3
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 15
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / 7
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 3
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 2
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 5
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 5
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 20†
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / 9
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! style=&quot;background:#dc0000;color:#fff;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} Ferrari
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / 4
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / 4
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / 6
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6 / 8
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 4
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 15†
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5 / 8
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / 15
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 4
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4 / 5
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5 / 5
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4 / 4
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4 / 6
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 3
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ff8700;color:#111;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} McLaren
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5 / DNS
| style=&quot;background:#f8d7da;color:#721c24;&quot; | DNS / DNS
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 5
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 3
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / 5
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4 / 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4 / 11
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5 / 7
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 6
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4 / 8
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5 / 9
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! style=&quot;background:#1e2c5b;color:#fff;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Austria}} Red Bull Racing
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / 5
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 4 / 6
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 6
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5 / 20†
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / 6
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 6
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret / —
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 3 / —
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / —
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 2 / 3
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 5
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;color:#111;font-weight:bold;&quot; | 1 / 10
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! style=&quot;background:#3671c6;color:#fff;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Italy}} Racing Bulls
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9 / 14
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / DNS
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5 / 8
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / 9
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9 / 10
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6 / 7
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9 / 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / 10
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6 / 9
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / 10
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / 15
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! style=&quot;background:#0090d0;color:#fff;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|France}} Alpine
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10 / 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6 / 10
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / 16
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 6 / 8
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / 10
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13 / 15
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9 / 10
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10 / 11
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12 / 15
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10 / 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / 9
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / 7
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! style=&quot;background:#b6b6b6;color:#111;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|United States}} Haas
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 7 / 11
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 5 / 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10 / 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13 / 17†
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14 / 16
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14 / 17
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16 / 19
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15 / 16
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / 16
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / 9
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14 / 15
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! style=&quot;background:#bb0000;color:#fff;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|Germany}} Audi
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9 / DNS
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / DNS
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9 / 11
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / 12
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10 / 13
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / 15
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 11 / 18
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! style=&quot;background:#0078c9;color:#fff;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} Williams
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12 / 15
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9 / DNS
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15 / 20
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9 / 10
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / 16†
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 12 / NC
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15 / 16
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17 / 18
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16 / 17†
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13 / 17
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14 / 18†
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! style=&quot;background:#00594f;color:#fff;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|United Kingdom}} Aston Martin
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret / NC
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15 / 17
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 10 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18 / 19
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 19 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13 / 14
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 9 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;color:#111;&quot; | 8 / 12
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|-
! style=&quot;background:#222222;color:#fff;text-align:left;&quot; | {{bratach|United States}} Cadillac
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 13 / 15
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17 / 19
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16 / 18
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 16 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14 / 16
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;color:#333;&quot; | Ret / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 15 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18 / 19
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 18 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 14 / 16†
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 19 / Ret
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;color:#111;&quot; | 17 / 19
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
| style=&quot;background:#f4f4f4;color:#666;&quot; | —
|}


==== Eochair do dhathanna na dtorthaí ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
! Dath !! Brí
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffe680;&quot; | Ór || Buaiteoir / an chéad áit
|-
| style=&quot;background:#e5e7eb;&quot; | Airgead || An dara háit
|-
| style=&quot;background:#edc39a;&quot; | Cré-umha || An tríú háit
|-
| style=&quot;background:#d7f0dd;&quot; | Glas || Áit a ghnóthaíonn pointí (4–10)
|-
| style=&quot;background:#dceeff;&quot; | Gorm || Áit eile rangaithe
|-
| style=&quot;background:#d9d9d9;&quot; | Liath || Scor nó neamh-rangú (Ret/NC)
|-
| style=&quot;background:#f8d7da;&quot; | Bándearg || Níor thosaigh (DNS)
|-
| style=&quot;background:#eee0ff;&quot; | Corcra éadrom || Pole position
|-
| style=&quot;background:#e5dcff;&quot; | Corcra || Lap is tapúla
|}

=== Córas scórála ===

Bronntar pointí sa Grand Prix ar na deichniúr tiománaithe is fearr agus sa Sprint ar na hochtar is fearr. Faigheann an buaiteoir sa Grand Prix 25 pointe agus sa Sprint 8 bpointe, faoi seach. Tá rialacha sonracha ag an FIA maidir le rásaí a ghiorraítear nó a chuirtear ar ceal; baineann an tábla seo leis an ngnáthchóras scórála.&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;[https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-beginners-guide-to-the-formula-1-weekend.5RFZzGXNhEi9AEuMXwo987 Treoir do thosaitheoirí ar dheireadh seachtaine Formula 1], Formula 1.&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! Áit !! Grand Prix !! Sprint
|-
! 1
| 25 || 8
|-
! 2
| 18 || 7
|-
! 3
| 15 || 6
|-
! 4
| 12 || 5
|-
! 5
| 10 || 4
|-
! 6
| 8 || 3
|-
! 7
| 6 || 2
|-
! 8
| 4 || 1
|-
! 9
| 2 || —
|-
! 10
| 1 || —
|}

== Achoimre ar an séasúr go dtí seo ==

Bhí Mercedes ar thús cadhnaíochta ag tús an tséasúir. Bhuaigh Russell an chéad rás san Astráil, sular bhuaigh Antonelli na rásaí sa tSín agus sa tSeapáin. Lean Antonelli leis na buaiteanna i Miami, i gCeanada agus i Monacó. Bhuaigh Hamilton in Barcelona-Catalunya; bhuaigh Russell san Ostair; agus bhuaigh Leclerc sa Bhreatain Mhór. Ina dhiaidh sin, bhuaigh Antonelli sa Bheilg, san Iodáil agus i Maidrid, agus bhuaigh Norris san Ungáir agus san Ísiltír. Bhuaigh Russell Grand Prix na hAsarbaiseáine.&lt;ref name=&quot;calendar&quot; /&gt;

Sa dá imeacht is déanaí, bhuaigh Verstappen Grand Prix na Bairéine a reáchtáladh sa Mhalaeisia an 4 Deireadh Fómhair, agus Grand Prix Singeapór an 11 Deireadh Fómhair. Chríochnaigh Antonelli sa dara háit sa Mhalaeisia agus sa tríú háit i Singeapór, rud a d'fhág go raibh sé 102 phointe chun tosaigh ar Russell agus é ag dul isteach i Grand Prix na Stát Aontaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;calendar&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;drivers2026&quot; /&gt;

[[Íomhá:2026 Bahrain GP - Mercedes - Kimi Antonelli - Race.jpg|mion|deas|alt=Kimi Antonelli ag tiomáint Mercedes ag imeacht Grand Prix na Bairéine sa Mhalaeisia i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026|Kimi Antonelli ar an mbóthar ag imeacht Grand Prix na Bairéine sa Mhalaeisia.]]

Tá Antonelli chun tosaigh ar Russell le 102 phointe. Roimh Grand Prix na Stát Aontaithe, tá sé rás fágtha agus 150 pointe ar a mhéad le fáil; tar éis Austin, beidh 125 pointe ar a mhéad fágtha. Chun an teideal a dhaingniú in Austin, caithfidh Antonelli bua a fháil agus a bhuntáiste a mhéadú 23 pointe. De réir Reuters, ní mór do Russell críochnú sa naoú háit nó níos ísle agus do Hamilton sa chúigiú háit nó níos ísle; murach sin, leanfaidh an comórtas go dtí Grand Prix Chathair Mheicsiceo ar a laghad. Tá Russell, Hamilton, Verstappen, Leclerc agus Norris fós san iomaíocht go matamaiticiúil, agus 102, 111, 119, 125 agus 139 pointe faoi seach idir iad agus Antonelli.&lt;ref name=&quot;reutersTitle&quot;&gt;Alan Baldwin, [https://www.reuters.com/sports/formula1/title-beckons-antonelli-he-may-have-wait-week-or-two-2026-10-21/ “Title beckons for Antonelli but he may have to wait a week or two”], Reuters, 21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Foirmle a hAon]]
* [[Grand Prix na hAstráile]]
* [[Grand Prix na Síne]]
* [[Grand Prix na Seapáine]]
* [[F1 Academy]]

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [https://www.formula1.com/en/racing/2026 Féilire agus torthaí oifigiúla Formula 1 2026]
* [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/drivers Seasaimh Chraobhchomórtas na dTiománaithe 2026]
* [https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/team Seasaimh Chraobhchomórtas na dTógálaithe 2026]
* [https://www.fia.com/regulation/category/110 Rialacháin FIA do Formula 1]

== Tagairtí ==

{{reflist}}

{{Séasúir Foirmle a hAon}}
{{Catcómhaoin|2026 in Formula One}}

[[Catagóir:Séasúirí Foirmle a hAon|2026]]</text>
      <sha1>e8s99vpnerli24l6z4wyz5tzpkib25s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Struchtúr sonraí</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128671</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331678</id>
      <parentid>1330901</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T13:24:19Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="15804" sha1="3su9dh6hy8o1meuoo3lcopj24qomjh5" xml:space="preserve">{{Scrios}}
Is éard is '''struchtúr sonraí''' ann ná modh chun sonraí a léiriú, a eagrú agus a stóráil, de ghnáth i gcuimhne ríomhaire, ionas gur féidir le ríomhchlár iad a rochtain agus a mhionathrú go héifeachtúil.&lt;ref name=&quot;NISTDS&quot;&gt;Paul E. Black, [https://xlinux.nist.gov/dads/HTML/dataStructure.html “data structure”], ''Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures'', National Institute of Standards and Technology, leasaithe an 20 Meán Fómhair 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn tionchar ag an struchtúr a roghnaítear ar luas na n-oibríochtaí, ar úsáid na cuimhne agus ar chastacht chur chun feidhme an chláir.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinArray&quot;&gt;Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/2_Array_Based_Lists.html “2. Array-Based Lists”], ''Open Data Structures''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== An coincheap ==

Eagraíonn struchtúr sonraí eilimintí aonair agus, nuair is gá, na naisc eatarthu. D'fhéadfadh na heilimintí a bheith ina n-uimhreacha, ina dtéacsanna, ina dtaifid nó ina réada eile. I measc na n-oibríochtaí a dhéantar go minic tá cuardach, cur isteach, baint, nuashonrú agus rochtain ar eilimint faoi leith.&lt;ref name=&quot;NISTDS&quot; /&gt;

Ní hionann struchtúr sonraí agus [[cineál sonraí teibí]] (''abstract data type'', ADT). Sonraíonn cineál sonraí teibí na luachanna agus na hoibríochtaí atá ar fáil, chomh maith leis an iompar a mbeifear ag súil leis. Is éard atá i struchtúr sonraí ná modh nithiúil chun na sonraí a eagrú agus na hoibríochtaí sin a chur chun feidhme.&lt;ref name=&quot;NISTADT&quot;&gt;Paul E. Black, [https://xlinux.nist.gov/dads/HTML/abstractDataType.html “abstract data type”], ''Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures'', National Institute of Standards and Technology, leasaithe an 10 Feabhra 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mar shampla, is féidir scuaine a chur chun feidhme le heagar nó le liosta nasctha. Fanann an prionsabal céanna maidir leis an ord ina bpróiseáiltear na heilimintí, cé go bhféadfadh costas agus modh cur chun feidhme na n-oibríochtaí a bheith éagsúil.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinArray&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinLinked&quot;&gt;Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/3_Linked_Lists.html “3. Linked Lists”], ''Open Data Structures''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Príomhchineálacha ==

Seo a leanas cuid de na struchtúir sonraí is coitianta i [[ríomheolaíocht]].

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Samplaí de struchtúir sonraí
! Cineál !! Cur síos !! Príomhúsáid nó saintréith
|-
| Eagar (''array'')
| Seicheamh eilimintí ar féidir rochtain a fháil orthu trí innéacs.
| Rochtain dhíreach thapa ar eilimintí de réir a n-innéacs.
|-
| Liosta nasctha (''linked list'')
| Sraith nóid ina bhfuil sonraí agus tagairtí do nóid eile.
| Cur isteach agus baint eilimintí gan gá le seicheamh mór eilimintí a bhogadh.
|-
| Cruach (''stack'')
| Struchtúr ina gcuirtear eilimintí leis agus ina mbaintear iad ón gceann céanna.
| Leanann sí prionsabal LIFO: an eilimint dheireanach a cuireadh isteach, baintear í ar dtús.
|-
| Scuaine (''queue'')
| Struchtúr ina gcuirtear eilimintí isteach ag foirceann amháin agus ina mbaintear iad ón gceann eile.
| Leanann gnáthscuaine prionsabal FIFO: an chéad eilimint a cuireadh isteach, baintear í ar dtús.
|-
| Tábla haisithe (''hash table'')
| Struchtúr a úsáideann feidhm haisithe chun eochracha a cheangal leis na sonraí comhfhreagracha.
| Cuardach, cur isteach agus baint de réir eochrach.
|-
| Crann (''tree'')
| Struchtúr ordlathach ina bhfuil nóid atá ceangailte le chéile.
| Léiriú ar shonraí ordlathacha agus cuardach ordaithe.
|-
| Carn (''heap'')
| Struchtúr crainn a choinníonn airí tosaíochta idir na nóid.
| Scuainí tosaíochta agus roghnú tapa na heiliminte is airde nó is ísle tosaíochta.
|-
| Graf (''graph'')
| Sraith rinn atá ceangailte le himill a léiríonn naisc eatarthu.
| Líonraí, bealaí agus caidrimh idir eintitis a shamhaltú.
|}

Ní liosta uileghabhálach é seo. I measc struchtúr eile tá scipe-liostaí, crainn chuardaigh chothromaithe agus B-chrainn. Braitheann na buntáistí a bhaineann le gach ceann acu ar an gcaoi a n-úsáidtear na sonraí agus ar na hoibríochtaí atá de dhíth.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinHash&quot;&gt;Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/5_Hash_Tables.html “5. Hash Tables”], ''Open Data Structures''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinTrees&quot;&gt;Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/6_Binary_Trees.html “6. Binary Trees”], ''Open Data Structures''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Struchtúir sheicheamhacha ==

=== Eagair agus liostaí nasctha ===

Is éard atá in eagar ná seicheamh eilimintí a eagraítear ionas gur féidir teacht ar eilimint de réir innéacs. I ngnáth-eagar, bíonn rochtain ar eilimint ar leith neamhspleách ar líon na n-eilimintí eile. D'fhéadfadh sé a bheith níos costasaí eilimint a chur isteach i lár an tseichimh nó í a bhaint de, áfach, toisc gur gá eilimintí eile a bhogadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinArray&quot; /&gt;

[[Íomhá:DataStructuresLinkedListofN.svg|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid de nóid liosta nasctha atá ceangailte i seicheamh|Léiriú ar liosta nasctha, ina gceanglaíonn tagairtí na nóid le chéile.]]

I liosta nasctha, stóráiltear na heilimintí i nóid ar leith, agus nascann tagairtí na nóid sin lena chéile. I liosta singil nasctha, tagraíonn gach nód don chéad nód eile. I liosta dúbailte nasctha, tá tagairtí ann sa dá threo. Is féidir nód a chur isteach in aice le nód atá ar eolas cheana féin gan na heilimintí eile a bhogadh. Ar an taobh eile, de ghnáth ní mór dul trí na nóid chun teacht ar eilimint de réir a suímh.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinLinked&quot; /&gt;

=== Cruacha agus scuainí ===

Leanann cruach prionsabal ''Last In, First Out'' (LIFO). Cuirtear eilimintí ar a barr agus baintear den bharr iad. Is iad na príomhoibríochtaí ná eilimint a chur isteach, ar a dtugtar ''push'', agus eilimint a bhaint, ar a dtugtar ''pop''. Úsáidtear cruacha, mar shampla, chun glaonna feidhmeanna agus staid roimhe sin clár a bhainistiú.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinStack&quot;&gt;Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/2_1_ArrayStack_Fast_Stack_O.html “ArrayStack: Fast Stack Operations Using an Array”], ''Open Data Structures''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Leanann gnáthscuaine prionsabal ''First In, First Out'' (FIFO). Cuirtear eilimintí isteach ag deireadh na scuaine agus baintear den tosach iad. Úsáidtear scuainí chun iarratais a phróiseáil san ord ina bhfuarthas iad, agus chun tascanna atá ag fanacht le hacmhainní ríomhaireachta a bhainistiú.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinLinked&quot; /&gt;

== Struchtúir haisithe agus crainn ==

=== Táblaí haisithe ===

Úsáideann tábla haisithe feidhm haisithe chun eochair a athrú ina luach lena n-aimsítear suíomh stórála. Déantar é sin chun luach a stóráil nó a aisghabháil trí úsáid a bhaint as an eochair sin. Is minic a bhíonn cuardach, cur isteach agus baint éifeachtach le tábla haisithe, ach braitheann an fheidhmíocht ar an bhfeidhm haisithe, ar mhéid an tábla agus ar an gcaoi a láimhseáiltear coimhlintí, nuair a thugann eochracha éagsúla an luach haisithe céanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinHash&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenDSAHash&quot;&gt;OpenDSA, [https://opendsa.org/OpenDSA/Books/CS3/html/HashIntro.html “Introduction to Hashing”] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Data Structures and Algorithms''.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Crainn agus carnáin ===

[[Íomhá:Simple 5 Leaf Binary Tree.svg|mion|deas|alt=Crann dénártha fréamhaithe ina bhfuil cúig nód duille|Sampla de chrann dénártha.]]

Is struchtúr ordlathach é crann fréamhaithe ina bhfuil fréamh amháin agus naisc idir tuismitheoirí agus leanaí. Is éard atá i gcrann dénártha ná crann nach mbíonn níos mó ná beirt leanaí ag gach nód. I gcrann cuardaigh dénártha, eagraítear na luachanna de réir rialach a chuireann ar chumas cuardach ordaithe. Braitheann éifeachtúlacht na n-oibríochtaí ar chruth an chrainn agus ar an gcaoi a gcoinnítear cothrom é.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinTrees&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenDSABST&quot;&gt;OpenDSA, [https://opendsa.org/OpenDSA/Books/Catalog/html/BST.html “Binary Search Trees”] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, roinn ar anailís na gcrann cuardaigh dénártha.&lt;/ref&gt;

Is cineál crainn é carn a choinníonn airí tosaíochta idir tuismitheoir agus a leanaí. I gcarn íosta, níl aon leanbh níos lú ná a thuismitheoir; i gcarn uasta, níl aon leanbh níos mó ná a thuismitheoir. Is féidir carn dénártha a chur chun feidhme le heagar, agus úsáidtear é go minic chun scuaine tosaíochta a chur ar fáil.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinHeaps&quot;&gt;Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/10_Heaps.html “10. Heaps”], ''Open Data Structures''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Graif ==

Is struchtúr sonraí é graf atá comhdhéanta de rinn agus imill. Léiríonn na rinn na heintitis atá á samhaltú, agus léiríonn na himill na naisc eatarthu. I ngraf dírithe, bíonn treo ag gach imeall; i ngraf neamh-dhírithe, ní bhíonn treo sonraithe ag na naisc.

Is féidir graf a léiriú le maitrís chóngarachta nó le liostaí comharsanachta. Stórálann maitrís chóngarachta faisnéis faoi naisc idir péirí rinn, agus stórálann liosta comharsanachta na comharsana atá nasctha le gach rinn.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinGraphs&quot;&gt;Pat Morin, [https://opendatastructures.org/ods-java/12_Graphs.html “12. Graphs”], ''Open Data Structures''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Úsáidtear graif chun líonraí cumarsáide, gréasáin iompair agus caidrimh eile a shamhaltú. Mar shampla, is féidir acomhail a léiriú mar rinn agus bóithre mar imill. Is féidir algartaim chuardaigh a chur i bhfeidhm ar an ngraf sin chun bealaí a aimsiú nó chun nascacht an líonra a scrúdú.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinGraphs&quot; /&gt;

== Feidhmíocht agus castacht ==

Déantar measúnú ar struchtúr sonraí de réir chostas na n-oibríochtaí a dhéantar air agus de réir an méid cuimhne a bhíonn de dhíth air. Is minic a chuirtear an costas in iúl mar fheidhm de &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;, líon na n-eilimintí sa struchtúr. Úsáidtear [[nodaireacht O mhór|nodaireacht O mhór]] chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar ráta fáis uachtarach chostas ama nó cuimhne de réir mar a fhásann méid an ionchuir.&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenDSAAsymptotic&quot;&gt;OpenDSA, [https://opendsa-server.cs.vt.edu/ODSA/Books/pubbook/odsa-all/fall-2019/Public_Instance/html/AnalAsymptotic.html “Asymptotic Analysis and Upper Bounds”], ''Data Structures and Algorithms Modules''.&lt;/ref&gt;

I measc na rátaí fáis a úsáidtear go minic tá:

* &lt;math&gt;O(1)&lt;/math&gt; — costas tairiseach, nach mbraitheann ar líon na n-eilimintí.
* &lt;math&gt;O(\log n)&lt;/math&gt; — costas logartamach, a fhásann go mall de réir mar a mhéadaíonn an t-ionchur.
* &lt;math&gt;O(n)&lt;/math&gt; — costas líneach, a fhásann i gcomhréir le líon na n-eilimintí.
* &lt;math&gt;O(n^2)&lt;/math&gt; — costas cearnach, a fhásann de réir chearnóg líon na n-eilimintí.

Ní hionann nodaireacht O mhór agus am rite cruinn i soicindí. Ní léiríonn sí na tairisigh a bhaineann le cur chun feidhme ar leith ach oiread, agus bíonn sé tábhachtach a shonrú an bhfuiltear ag caint faoin gcás is fearr, faoin meánchás nó faoin gcás is measa.&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenDSAAsymptotic&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Costais ama tipiciúla roinnt oibríochtaí
! Struchtúr !! Oibríochtaí agus costas ama !! Coinníollacha
|-
| Eagar
| Rochtain trí innéacs: &lt;math&gt;O(1)&lt;/math&gt;; cuardach líneach gan ord: &lt;math&gt;O(n)&lt;/math&gt;; cur isteach nó baint i lár an tseichimh: &lt;math&gt;O(n)&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinArray&quot; /&gt;
| Braitheann costas cur isteach agus baint ar shuíomh na heiliminte agus ar chur chun feidhme an eagair.
|-
| Liosta nasctha
| Rochtain de réir suímh nó cuardach: &lt;math&gt;O(n)&lt;/math&gt;; cur isteach in aice le nód atá ar eolas: &lt;math&gt;O(1)&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinLinked&quot; /&gt;
| Chun nód a bhaint de liosta singil nasctha, d'fhéadfadh sé a bheith riachtanach an réamhnód a bheith ar eolas freisin.
|-
| Cruach
| Cuir isteach nó bain den bharr: &lt;math&gt;O(1)&lt;/math&gt; amortaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinStack&quot; /&gt;
| D'fhéadfadh athrú méide eagair costas níos airde a chruthú d'oibríocht aonair, cé go mbíonn an costas meánaithe thar shraith oibríochtaí tairiseach.
|-
| Scuaine
| Cuir isteach ag an deireadh nó bain den tosach: &lt;math&gt;O(1)&lt;/math&gt; i ngnáthchur chun feidhme éifeachtúil.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinArray&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinLinked&quot; /&gt;
| Braitheann an costas ar chur chun feidhme, mar shampla eagar ciorclach nó liosta nasctha.
|-
| Tábla haisithe
| Cuardach, cur isteach agus baint: &lt;math&gt;O(1)&lt;/math&gt; ar an meán; &lt;math&gt;O(n)&lt;/math&gt; sa chás is measa.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinHash&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenDSAHash&quot; /&gt;
| Braitheann an fheidhmíocht ar an bhfeidhm haisithe, ar na coimhlintí agus ar ualach an tábla.
|-
| Crann cuardaigh dénártha cothromaithe
| Cuardach, cur isteach agus baint: &lt;math&gt;O(\log n)&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenDSABST&quot; /&gt;
| I gcrann nach gcoinnítear cothrom, d'fhéadfadh na hoibríochtaí céanna costas &lt;math&gt;O(n)&lt;/math&gt; a bheith orthu.
|-
| Carn dénártha
| Rochtain ar an eilimint tosaíochta: &lt;math&gt;O(1)&lt;/math&gt;; cur isteach nó baint na heiliminte tosaíochta: &lt;math&gt;O(\log n)&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinHeaps&quot; /&gt;
| Ní ráthaíonn carn dénártha cuardach tapa ar luach ar bith eile sa charn.
|}

Léiríonn cuardach dénártha an tairbhe a bhaineann le ráta fáis logartamach. Ní oibríonn sé i gceart ach nuair atá na luachanna eagraithe san ord riachtanach. I ngach céim, déantar comparáid leis an eilimint sa lár agus cuirtear deireadh le leath den eatramh cuardaigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenDSABinarySearch&quot;&gt;OpenDSA, [https://opendsa.org/OpenDSA/Books/Catalog/html/AnalProgram.html “Calculating Program Running Time”] {{Dead link|date=Samhain 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, roinn ar anailís chuardaigh dhéanaigh.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mar shampla, i mbailiúchán ordaithe ina bhfuil 1,024 eilimint, is ionann deich leathú agus laghdú an eatraimh go dtí eilimint amháin, mar:

&lt;math&gt;\log_2(1024)=10&lt;/math&gt;

D'fhéadfadh comparáid dheiridh a bheith riachtanach chun a dheimhniú an bhfuil an eilimint aimsithe. I gcuardach líneach, d'fhéadfadh sé go mbeadh gá le suas le 1,024 eilimint a scrúdú. Dá bhrí sin, bíonn cuardach dénártha i bhfad níos éifeachtaí i gcás bailiúchán mór ordaithe, ar choinníoll go bhfuil costas eagrúcháin agus cothabhála na sonraí inghlactha.&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenDSABinarySearch&quot; /&gt;

Maidir le graif a stóráiltear le liostaí comharsanachta, is féidir cuairt a thabhairt ar gach rinn agus ar gach imeall le cuardach domhain nó cuardach ar leithead ar chostas ama &lt;math&gt;O(V+E)&lt;/math&gt;, áit arb é &lt;math&gt;V&lt;/math&gt; líon na rinn agus &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; líon na n-imill.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinGraphs&quot; /&gt;

Ní bhíonn struchtúr sonraí amháin níos fearr ná gach struchtúr eile i ngach cás. Braitheann an rogha ar na hoibríochtaí is minice a dhéantar, ar mhéid agus ar dháileadh na sonraí, ar na srianta cuimhne agus ar riachtanais feidhmíochta an chláir.

== Feidhmeanna ==

Úsáidtear struchtúir sonraí ar fud na ríomhaireachta. Bíonn eagair agus liostaí nasctha úsáideach chun seichimh a choinneáil; bíonn cruacha agus scuainí oiriúnach do phróiseáil in ord sonrach; agus úsáidtear táblaí haisithe chun luachanna a aisghabháil de réir eochracha.&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinArray&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinLinked&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinHash&quot; /&gt;

Úsáidtear crainn chuardaigh nuair is gá luachanna a eagrú agus cuardach ordaithe a dhéanamh orthu. Úsáidtear carnáin i scuainí tosaíochta, agus bíonn graif úsáideach chun líonraí agus caidrimh idir eintitis a shamhaltú.&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenDSABST&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinHeaps&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MorinGraphs&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Algartam]]
* [[Ríomheolaíocht]]
* [[Sonraí]]

== Tagairtí ==

{{reflist}}

{{Catcómhaoin|Data structures}}

[[Catagóir:Ríomheolaíocht]]</text>
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Is éard is '''teanga fhoirmiúil''' ann ná tacar de theaghráin chríochta thar [[aibítir (matamaitic)|aibítir]] chríochta shainithe. Is coincheap bunúsach í sa [[matamaitic]] agus sa [[ríomheolaíocht]] theoiriciúil. Déantar staidéar ar na rialacha agus na modhanna foirmiúla trína ngintear teaghráin den sórt sin agus trína n-aithnítear cé acu teaghráin a bhaineann le teanga ar leith. Úsáidtear teoiric na dteangacha foirmiúla chun comhréir teangacha ríomhchlárúcháin a shainiú, chun patrúin shiombalacha a anailísiú agus chun staidéar a dhéanamh ar chumhacht agus ar theorainneacha na ríomhaireachta.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot;&gt;''Encyclopedia of Mathematics'', “[https://encyclopediaofmath.org/wiki/Formal_languages_and_automata Formal languages and automata] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260714214244/https://encyclopediaofmath.org/wiki/Formal_languages_and_automata |date=2026-07-14 }}”.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JagerRogers2012&quot;&gt;Gerhard Jäger agus James Rogers, “Formal language theory: refining the Chomsky hierarchy”, ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences'', iml. 367, uimh. 1598, 2012, lgh. 1956–1970, [https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0077 doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0077].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot;&gt;Stefano Crespi Reghizzi, Luca Breveglieri agus Angelo Morzenti, ''Formal Languages and Compilation'', 3ú heagrán, Springer, 2019, [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04879-2 doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04879-2].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sainmhíniú agus coincheapa bunúsacha ==

Tugtar '''aibítir''' ar thacar críochta siombailí, a léirítear go minic leis an tsiombail Ghréagach &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma&lt;/math&gt;. Tugtar '''teaghrán''' ar sheicheamh críochta de shiombailí ón aibítir sin. Féadfaidh teaghrán siombail amháin a bheith ann nó iliomad siombailí, agus féadfaidh sé a bheith folamh freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;

Léirítear an '''teaghrán folamh''' leis an tsiombail &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\varepsilon&lt;/math&gt;. Níl aon siombail ann, agus ní hionann é agus teaghrán ina bhfuil siombail amháin nó níos mó.

Is é &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma^*&lt;/math&gt; tacar na dteaghrán críochta uile is féidir a chruthú as siombailí na haibítre &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma&lt;/math&gt;, an teaghrán folamh san áireamh. Is féidir teanga fhoirmiúil &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L&lt;/math&gt; a shainmhíniú mar aon fho-thacar de &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma^*&lt;/math&gt;:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;L\subseteq\Sigma^*&lt;/math&gt;

Féadfaidh teanga fhoirmiúil a bheith críochta nó gan teorainn. Má tá líon críochta teaghrán inti, is féidir iad a liostú ina n-iomláine. I gcás teanga gan teorainn, is féidir cur síos críochta a dhéanamh uirthi trí shainmhíniú matamaiticiúil, trí rialacha giniúna nó trí shamhail ríomhaireachtúil, gan gá gach teaghrán a liostú.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MartinVide2012&quot;&gt;Carlos Martín-Vide, “Formal Grammars and Languages”, i Ruslan Mitkov (eag.), ''The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics'', Oxford University Press, lgh. 157–177, [https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0008 doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0008].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sampla simplí ===

Glactar leis gurb é &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma=\{a,b\}&lt;/math&gt; an aibítir. I measc na dteaghrán atá in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma^*&lt;/math&gt; tá an teaghrán folamh, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;aa&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;ab&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;ba&lt;/math&gt; agus &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;bb&lt;/math&gt;, chomh maith le gach teaghrán críochta eile a dhéantar as na siombailí sin.

Sainmhínítear an teanga seo a leanas:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;L=\{a^n b^n\mid n\geq 0\}&lt;/math&gt;

Is éard atá inti na teaghráin ina bhfuil líon comhionann de shiombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; agus &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;, agus ina dtagann na siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; go léir roimh na siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;. Ciallaíonn &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a^n&lt;/math&gt; go ndéantar an tsiombail &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; a athdhéanamh &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; n-uaire; tá an bhrí chéanna le &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b^n&lt;/math&gt;. Folaíonn an coinníoll &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;n\geq 0&lt;/math&gt; an cás ina bhfuil nialas de gach siombail ann.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Samplaí de theaghráin agus a mballraíocht sa teanga ''L''
! Teaghrán !! Ballraíocht !! Míniú
|-
| &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\varepsilon&lt;/math&gt; || Glactar leis || Níl aon siombail ann; is é &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;n=0&lt;/math&gt;.
|-
| &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;ab&lt;/math&gt; || Glactar leis || Siombail amháin &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; agus siombail amháin &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;.
|-
| &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;aabb&lt;/math&gt; || Glactar leis || Dhá shiombail &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; agus dhá shiombail &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;.
|-
| &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;aaabbb&lt;/math&gt; || Glactar leis || Trí shiombail &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; agus trí shiombail &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;.
|-
| &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || Diúltaítear dó || Níl aon siombail &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; ann.
|-
| &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;aabbb&lt;/math&gt; || Diúltaítear dó || Ní hionann líon na siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; agus &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;.
|-
| &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;abab&lt;/math&gt; || Diúltaítear dó || Ní thagann na siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; go léir roimh na siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;.
|}

Léiríonn an sampla gur féidir le sainmhíniú foirmiúil critéir bheachta a leagan síos chun cinneadh a dhéanamh an mbaineann teaghrán le teanga nó nach mbaineann.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;

=== Oibríochtaí ar theangacha ===

Is féidir teangacha foirmiúla a chomhcheangal nó teangacha nua a thógáil astu trí oibríochtaí matamaiticiúla. Tá na hoibríochtaí sin tábhachtach i staidéar ar na hairíonna a bhaineann le haicmí éagsúla teangacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

* '''Aontas:''' is é &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L_1\cup L_2&lt;/math&gt; tacar na dteaghrán a bhaineann le &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L_1&lt;/math&gt;, le &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L_2&lt;/math&gt;, nó leis an dá theanga.
* '''Trasnaíocht:''' is é &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L_1\cap L_2&lt;/math&gt; tacar na dteaghrán a bhaineann leis an dá theanga araon.
* '''Comhlánú:''' i gcoibhneas le haibítir shainithe &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma&lt;/math&gt;, is é comhlánú &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L&lt;/math&gt; tacar na dteaghrán nach mbaineann le &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L&lt;/math&gt;, is é sin &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma^*\setminus L&lt;/math&gt;.
* '''Comhcheangal teaghrán:''' is é &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L_1L_2&lt;/math&gt; tacar na dteaghrán a fhaightear trí theaghrán ó &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L_1&lt;/math&gt; a leanúint le teaghrán ó &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L_2&lt;/math&gt;.
* '''Dúnadh Kleene:''' léiríonn &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L^*&lt;/math&gt; tacar na dteaghrán a fhaightear trí náid nó níos mó teaghrán ó &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L&lt;/math&gt; a chomhcheangal. Bíonn an teaghrán folamh san áireamh sa tacar seo i gcónaí.
* '''Dúnadh dearfach:''' léiríonn &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L^+&lt;/math&gt; tacar na dteaghrán a fhaightear trí theaghrán amháin nó níos mó ó &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L&lt;/math&gt; a chomhcheangal.

Tá na hoibríochtaí seo mar bhonn ag sainmhíniú sloinn rialta agus ag an anailís ar theangacha rialta.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

== Modhanna chun teangacha foirmiúla a shainiú ==

Is féidir cur síos a dhéanamh ar theanga fhoirmiúil trí shainmhíniú matamaiticiúil, trí [[gramadach fhoirmiúil]], trí [[slonn rialta]] nuair is teanga rialta atá i gceist, nó trí shamhail ríomhaireachtúil ar nós uathmata. Ní hionann na modhanna sin ó thaobh a gcumhachta léirithe: tá teangacha ann ar féidir le gramadach níos ginearálta cur síos a dhéanamh orthu ach nach féidir le slonn rialta ná le huathmat críochta iad a aithint.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MartinVide2012&quot; /&gt;

=== Gramadaí foirmiúla ===

Is éard is gramadach fhoirmiúil ann ná tacar críochta rialacha a shonraíonn conas teaghráin a ghiniúint. I ngnáthshainmhíniú matamaiticiúil, scríobhtar gramadach mar:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;G=(N,\Sigma,P,S)&lt;/math&gt;

Is iad na comhpháirteanna:

* &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;N&lt;/math&gt;: tacar críochta na siombailí neamh-theirminéalacha.
* &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma&lt;/math&gt;: aibítir na siombailí teirminéalacha a bhíonn sna teaghráin deiridh.
* &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;P&lt;/math&gt;: tacar na rialacha giniúna.
* &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;S&lt;/math&gt;: an tsiombail tosaigh, a úsáidtear chun díorthú a thosú.

Glactar leis nach mbíonn na siombailí teirminéalacha agus neamh-theirminéalacha forluiteach. Tugtar díorthú ar an bpróiseas ina gcuirtear rialacha giniúna i bhfeidhm chun teaghrán a tháirgeadh ón tsiombail tosaigh. Is í an teanga a ghineann an ghramadach tacar na dteaghrán teirminéalach uile is féidir a dhíorthú ón tsiombail sin trí líon críochta feidhmeanna na rialacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MartinVide2012&quot; /&gt;

Mar shampla, féadfar an ghramadach seo a leanas a úsáid:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;S\rightarrow aSb\mid\varepsilon&lt;/math&gt;

Sa sampla seo, is í &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;S&lt;/math&gt; an tsiombail neamh-theirminéalach agus is iad &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; agus &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; na siombailí teirminéalacha. Ciallaíonn an riail gur féidir &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;S&lt;/math&gt; a athscríobh mar &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;aSb&lt;/math&gt; nó mar an teaghrán folamh &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\varepsilon&lt;/math&gt;. Is í an teanga a ghintear:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;L=\{a^n b^n\mid n\geq 0\}&lt;/math&gt;

Seo díorthú a thugann an teaghrán &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;aabb&lt;/math&gt;:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;S\Rightarrow aSb\Rightarrow aaSbb\Rightarrow aabb&lt;/math&gt;

Sa chéad dá chéim, cuirtear an riail &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;S\rightarrow aSb&lt;/math&gt; i bhfeidhm; sa chéim dheiridh, cuirtear &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;S\rightarrow\varepsilon&lt;/math&gt; i bhfeidhm. Léiríonn an sampla gur féidir le tacar beag rialacha teanga gan teorainn a shainiú.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

=== Sloinn rialta agus teangacha rialta ===

Is nodaireacht shiombalach iad na sloinn rialta a úsáidtear chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar theangacha rialta. I measc na n-oibríochtaí coitianta atá iontu tá roghnú idir roghanna, comhcheangal teaghrán agus athrá nialais nó níos mó uaireanta. Tá coibhéis idir sloinn rialta agus uathmata críochta ó thaobh na dteangacha a shainíonn siad.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

Mar shampla, is féidir an slonn rialta &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a^*b^*&lt;/math&gt; a úsáid chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar theanga na dteaghrán ina dtagann náid nó níos mó siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; roimh náid nó níos mó siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;. Bheadh &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;aabb&lt;/math&gt; agus &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;bbb&lt;/math&gt; sa teanga sin, ach ní bheadh &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;abab&lt;/math&gt; inti.

Is féidir na teangacha rialta a shainiú freisin le gramadaí rialta. Tá na gramadaí sin níos srianta ná gramadaí saor ó chomhthéacs agus gramadaí níos ginearálta san ordlathas Chomsky.&lt;ref name=&quot;JagerRogers2012&quot; /&gt;

=== Uathmata críochta ===

[[Íomhá:DFA.png|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid d'uathmat críochta cinntitheach a aithníonn teanga ina leanann siombail amháin nó níos mó b aon líon siombailí a.|Uathmat críochta cinntitheach a aithníonn an teanga rialta ''a*bb*''.]]

Is samhail ríomhaireachtúil theibí é [[uathmat críochta]] a bhfuil líon críochta staideanna aige. Tosaíonn an meaisín i staid thosaigh agus léann sé na siombailí den teaghrán ionchuir ceann ar cheann. Athraíonn sé staid de réir na siombaile atá á léamh agus na rialacha aistrithe sainithe. Má bhíonn sé i staid ghlactha tar éis an teaghrán iomlán a léamh, glactar leis an teaghrán; murach sin, diúltaítear dó.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

Aithníonn an t-uathmat sa léaráid teanga ina bhfuil náid nó níos mó siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; agus siombail &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; amháin ar a laghad, agus ina dtagann na siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; go léir i ndiaidh na siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt;. Léiríonn sé conas is féidir rialacha simplí a chur i bhfeidhm go córasach chun ballraíocht i dteanga rialta a chinneadh.

Ní bhíonn cuimhne neamhtheoranta ag uathmat críochta: ní bhíonn ann ach líon socraithe staideanna. Tá an teorainn sin tábhachtach nuair a dhéantar comparáid idir teangacha rialta agus aicmí eile teangacha foirmiúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;JagerRogers2012&quot; /&gt;

=== Uathmata le stór cruachta ===

[[Íomhá:Pda-example.svg|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid d'uathmat le stór cruachta a aithníonn teaghráin ina bhfuil líon comhionann de náideanna agus cinn san ord sin.|Uathmat le stór cruachta don teanga ina bhfuil n náid agus n aon i ndiaidh a chéile.]]

Is meaisín teibí é '''uathmat le stór cruachta''' a bhfuil cuimhne bhreise aige i bhfoirm cruachta. Is struchtúr sonraí é cruach ina gcuirtear míreanna leis ag an mbarr agus ina mbaintear míreanna den bharr. Tugann an chuimhne sin deis don uathmat spleáchas idir codanna éagsúla de theaghrán a aithint, mar shampla líon comhionann de shiombailí i ndá sheicheamh.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

Is sampla í an teanga seo:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;L=\{0^n1^n\mid n\geq 0\}&lt;/math&gt;

Is féidir leis an uathmat siombail a bhrú isteach sa chruach ar gach &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;0&lt;/math&gt; a léann sé, agus siombail a bhaint di ar gach &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;. Ní ghlactar leis an teaghrán mura gcomhlíontar na coinníollacha cuí maidir le hord na siombailí agus leis an líon a mheaitseálann a chéile.

Aithníonn uathmata le stór cruachta neamhchinntitheacha na teangacha saor ó chomhthéacs. Tá siad níos cumhachtaí ná uathmata críochta, ach tá siad níos srianta ná meaisíní Turing.&lt;ref name=&quot;JagerRogers2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

== Ordlathas Chomsky ==

Is córas aicmithe é [[ordlathas Chomsky]] a chuireann gramadaí foirmiúla agus na teangacha a ghineann siad i gceithre phríomhaicme. Braitheann an t-aicmiú ar na srianta a chuirtear ar na rialacha giniúna. Sa chóras clasaiceach, ainmnítear na haicmí mar chineálacha 0 go 3, ó na gramadaí is ginearálta go dtí na gramadaí is srianta.&lt;ref name=&quot;JagerRogers2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;

[[Íomhá:Chomsky-hierarchy.svg|mion|deas|alt=Léaráid de na haicmí neadaithe in ordlathas Chomsky.|Léiríonn an léaráid na gaolta cuimsitheachta idir na haicmí éagsúla teangacha in ordlathas Chomsky.]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Príomhaicmí an ordlathais Chomsky
! Cineál !! Aicme teanga !! Gramadach nó cur síos coibhéiseach !! Samhail ríomhaireachtúil
|-
| 3 || Teangacha rialta || Gramadach rialta nó slonn rialta || Uathmat críochta&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 2 || Teangacha saor ó chomhthéacs || Gramadach saor ó chomhthéacs || Uathmat le stór cruachta neamhchinntitheach&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1 || Teangacha íogaire don chomhthéacs || Gramadach íogair don chomhthéacs || Uathmat líneach-theoranta&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 0 || Teangacha inaitheanta go hathchúrsach || Gramadach neamhshrianta || Meaisín Turing&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;
|}

Tá na haicmí sin neadaithe. Tá gach teanga rialta saor ó chomhthéacs; tá gach teanga shaor ó chomhthéacs íogair don chomhthéacs; agus tá gach teanga íogair don chomhthéacs inaitheanta go hathchúrsach. Tá na cuimsitheachtaí sin docht: tá teangacha ann a bhaineann le haicme níos ginearálta ach nach mbaineann leis an aicme atá neadaithe inti.&lt;ref name=&quot;JagerRogers2012&quot; /&gt;

=== Teangacha rialta ===

Is iad na teangacha rialta an aicme is srianta san ordlathas. Is féidir cur síos a dhéanamh orthu le sloinn rialta nó le gramadaí rialta, agus is féidir iad a aithint le huathmata críochta. Úsáidtear iad nuair is féidir patrún teaghrán a shainiú gan stór cruachta ná cuimhne neamhtheoranta.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

=== Teangacha saor ó chomhthéacs ===

Gintear teangacha saor ó chomhthéacs le gramadaí ina bhfuil siombail neamh-theirminéalach amháin ar thaobh clé gach rialach giniúna. Tá siad oiriúnach do struchtúir neadaithe agus do rialacha athchúrsacha, mar shampla slonn uimhríochtúil le lúibíní meaitseáilte nó struchtúir eile ina bhfuil spleáchas idir codanna den teaghrán.&lt;ref name=&quot;MartinVide2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

Is sampla de theanga shaor ó chomhthéacs í:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;L=\{a^n b^n\mid n\geq 0\}&lt;/math&gt;

Ní teanga rialta í, áfach, toisc nach féidir le huathmat críochta líon na siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; a mheabhrú gan teorainn ionas gur féidir é a chur i gcomparáid le líon na siombailí &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt; ina dhiaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;JagerRogers2012&quot; /&gt;

=== Teangacha íogaire don chomhthéacs ===

Is féidir le gramadach íogair don chomhthéacs rialacha a chur i bhfeidhm a bhraitheann ar an gcomhthéacs ina bhfuil siombail suite. Tá níos mó cumhachta léirithe ag na gramadaí sin ná ag gramadaí saor ó chomhthéacs. Aithníonn uathmata líneach-theoranta an aicme chomhfhreagrach teangacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JagerRogers2012&quot; /&gt;

Sampla clasaiceach is ea an teanga seo:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;L=\{a^n b^n c^n\mid n\geq 0\}&lt;/math&gt;

Caithfidh an líon céanna de na trí shiombail teacht san ord sonraithe. Ní teanga shaor ó chomhthéacs í an teanga sin, cé gur féidir í a ghiniúint le gramadach íogair don chomhthéacs.&lt;ref name=&quot;JagerRogers2012&quot; /&gt;

=== Teangacha inaitheanta go hathchúrsach ===

Tugtar '''teangacha inaitheanta go hathchúrsach''' ar na teangacha is féidir le meaisín Turing a aithint. Is féidir le meaisín den sórt sin glacadh le teaghrán atá sa teanga, ach ní gá dó stopadh má chuirtear teaghrán nach mbaineann léi ar fáil. Is í sin an aicme is ginearálta sa leagan clasaiceach d'ordlathas Chomsky.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

Ní hionann teanga inaitheanta go hathchúrsach agus teanga inchinnte. I gcás teanga inchinnte, bíonn algartam ann a chríochnaíonn i gcónaí agus a chinneann i gceart an mbaineann an teaghrán leis an teanga. I gcás teanga inaitheanta go hathchúrsach nach bhfuil inchinnte, d'fhéadfadh an ríomh leanúint ar aghaidh gan stad nuair nach mbaineann an teaghrán léi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

== Fadhb na ballraíochta agus teorainneacha ríomhaireachtúla ==

Is í '''fadhb na ballraíochta''' an fhadhb a bhaineann le cinneadh a dhéanamh an mbaineann teaghrán ar leith le teanga fhoirmiúil. Braitheann an modh agus an deacracht a bhaineann leis an gcinneadh sin ar an gcaoi a sainmhínítear an teanga.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

I gcás teangacha rialta, is féidir le huathmat críochta ballraíocht teaghráin a chinneadh trí na siombailí ionchuir a phróiseáil de réir na rialacha aistrithe. Tá algartaim ann freisin chun ballraíocht i dteangacha saor ó chomhthéacs a chinneadh nuair a thugtar gramadach chuí. I gcás teangacha níos ginearálta, áfach, d'fhéadfadh fadhbanna den sórt sin a bheith neamh-inchinntithe: ní bhíonn algartam ann a ráthaíonn freagra ceart i ngach cás agus a chríochnaíonn i gcónaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JagerRogers2012&quot; /&gt;

== Feidhmeanna ==

=== Teangacha ríomhchlárúcháin agus tiomsaitheoirí ===

Tá teangacha foirmiúla tábhachtach i ndearadh [[teanga ríomhchlárúcháin|teangacha ríomhchlárúcháin]] agus i dtógáil [[tiomsaitheoir|tiomsaitheoirí]]. Is féidir gramadach a úsáid chun comhréir cláir a shonrú, agus is féidir parsálaí a úsáid chun a sheiceáil an gcomhlíonann cód na rialacha sin. Úsáidtear sloinn rialta agus uathmata críochta freisin chun patrúin a aithint agus chun comharthaí foclóireachta a dheighilt i gcód foinse.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MartinVide2012&quot; /&gt;

=== Cuardach agus próiseáil téacs ===

Úsáidtear sloinn rialta chun patrúin a lorg i dtéacs agus i sonraí. Is féidir iad a úsáid chun seichimh charachtar a aimsiú, chun ionchur a bhailíochtú nó chun sonraí téacsúla a dheighilt. Is féidir le huathmata críochta na patrúin rialta sin a aithint go córasach.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crespi2019&quot; /&gt;

=== Teangeolaíocht ríomhaireachtúil agus staidéar ar chognaíocht ===

Úsáidtear teoiric na dteangacha foirmiúla sa [[teangeolaíocht ríomhaireachtúil]] chun samhlacha matamaiticiúla a fhorbairt ar struchtúr agus ar ghiniúint seicheamh teanga. Déantar staidéar ar chumhacht léirithe gramadaí éagsúla chun a fháil amach cé na spleáchais agus na struchtúir is féidir leo a chur in iúl.&lt;ref name=&quot;MartinVide2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JagerRogers2012&quot; /&gt;

Baintear úsáid as teoiric na dteangacha foirmiúla freisin i dtaighde ar fhoghlaim patrún, ar phróiseáil sheichimh agus ar chognaíocht. Tá sí úsáideach chun rialacha giniúna a shonrú go beacht agus chun hipitéisí faoi struchtúr agus faoi fhoghlaim patrún a imscrúdú. Ní hionann teanga fhoirmiúil agus teanga nádúrtha, áfach: is tacar teaghrán í an chéad cheann de réir sainmhínithe, agus bíonn airíonna breise, amhail brí, úsáid agus comhthéacs sóisialta, ag baint le teangacha nádúrtha.&lt;ref name=&quot;FitchFriederici2012&quot;&gt;W. Tecumseh Fitch agus Angela D. Friederici, “Artificial grammar learning meets formal language theory: an overview”, ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences'', iml. 367, uimh. 1598, 2012, lgh. 1933–1955, [https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0103 doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0103].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Teoiric na ríomhaireachta]]
* [[Uathmat críochta]]
* [[Meaisín Turing]]
* [[Ordlathas Chomsky]]
* [[Gramadach fhoirmiúil]]
* [[Slonn rialta]]
* [[Teanga ríomhchlárúcháin]]
* [[Teangeolaíocht ríomhaireachtúil]]

== Tagairtí ==

{{reflist}}

== Léitheoireacht bhreise ==

* John E. Hopcroft, Rajeev Motwani agus Jeffrey D. Ullman, ''Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation'', 3ú heagrán, Pearson, 2006. ISBN 978-0-321-45536-9.
* Robert N. Moll, Michael A. Arbib agus A. J. Kfoury, ''An Introduction to Formal Language Theory'', Springer, 1988. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9595-9 doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9595-9].
* Michael Sipser, ''Introduction to the Theory of Computation'', 3ú heagrán, Cengage Learning, 2013. ISBN 978-1-133-18779-0.

{{Catcómhaoin|Formal languages}}

[[Catagóir:Ríomheolaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Matamaitic]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Toghchán Chomhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin, 2023</title>
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      <text bytes="9653" sha1="2d2m5nsdr6477ii382d5q6rfisdvg7r" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Toghchán}}
Reáchtáladh '''Toghchán Chomhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin''' ar 18 Bealtaine 2023, le gach dara [[Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023|Toghcháin Áitiúla]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart Éireann, coicís tar éis na dtoghchán áitiúil i Sasana.]]. Cuireadh moill coicíse ar thoghcháin Thuaisceart Éireann chun comhthráth a sheachaint le [[Corónú Shéarlais III agus Camilla]]. Toghadh 40 ar [[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|an chomhairle]] trí [[Aonvóta inaistrithe]]

== Torthaí==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot; 
! colspan=&quot;10&quot; | Toradh Toghcháin 2023 i g[[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|Cathair Dhoire agus Ceantar an tSratha Báin]] 
|-
! colspan =&quot;2&quot; |Páirtí
! Suíocháin
! Méaduithe
! Caillteanais
! Glan-mhéadú &lt;br/&gt;nó caillteanas
! Suíocháin %	
! Vótaí %	
! Vótaí 
! +/−
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[Sinn Féin]] ||18	||7||0	||{{increase}}7||45.00||'''38.73'''||'''24,658'''||{{increase}}10.62
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[PSDLO]] ||10	||0||1|| {{decrease}}1||25.00||19.93||12,689||{{decrease}}5.54
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[PAD]] ||5	||0	||2	||{{decrease}}2	||12.50	||12.49||7,995||{{decrease}}2.21
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[PAU]] ||3||1||0||{{increase}}1	||7.50	||8.47||5,393||{{increase}}1.67
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[Comhalta neamhspleách|Neamhspleách]] ||3	||0	||1||{{increase}}1||7.50||7.74||4,927||{{decrease}}4.87
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};&quot;|
|[[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] ||1	||0	||1	||{{decrease}}1	||2.50||5.22||3,320||{{decrease}}0.69
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||0	||0	||2	||{{decrease}}2	||0.00||4.47||2,849||{{decrease}}0.23
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};&quot;|
|[[Aontú]]||0	||0	||1	||{{decrease}}1	||0.00||2,95||1,878||{{increase}}1.25
|-
! colspan =&quot;2&quot;  | Iomlán: || 40 || || || || || || 63,669|| 
|- 
|}
&lt;small&gt;'''Nóta''': Is iad &quot;vótaí&quot; an chéad rogha vótaí&lt;/small&gt;

== Achoimre dhúiche==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|- class=&quot;unsortable&quot; align=&quot;centre&quot;
!rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;|Ceantar
! % &lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
!rowspan=2|Iomlán&lt;br /&gt;Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&quot;unsortable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
!colspan=2  | Sinn Féin 
! colspan=2 | PSDLO
! colspan=2| PAD 
!colspan=2  | PAU
!colspan=2  | PRB
! colspan=2 | PCTÉ
!colspan=2 | Neamhspleách &lt;br/&gt; agus eile
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|Baile Arnoid
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|45.4
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''3''' {{increase}} 1
|33.5
|'''3''' {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|7.5
|0 {{steady}}
|4.5
|0 {{steady}}
|9.1
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|'''6'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|Dearg
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|45.4
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''3''' {{increase}} 1
|8.5
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|19.5
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|16.1
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|1.3
|0 {{steady}}
|2.1
|0 {{steady}}
|7.1
|0 {{steady}}
|'''5'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|An Fhuachonbháil
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|29.1
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''2''' {{increase}} 1
|18.9
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|20.3
|'''1''' {{decrease}} 1
|15.8
|'''1''' {{increase}} 1
|3.8
|0 {{steady}}
|8.6
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|3.4
|0 {{steady}}
|'''5'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|Taobh an Fheabhail
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|41.3
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''2''' {{increase}} 1
|35.4
|'''2''' {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|13.7
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|3.7
|0 {{steady}}
|5.9
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|'''5'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|An Speirín
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|40.4
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''3''' {{increase}} 1
|11.4
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|18.3
|'''1''' {{decrease}} 1
|4.1
|0 {{steady}}
|1.9
|0 {{steady}}
|3.2
|0 {{steady}}
|20.7
|'''2''' {{steady}}
|'''7'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|An Móinteán
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|44.6
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''3''' {{increase}} 1
|16.3
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|7.8
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|2.0
|0 {{steady}}
|29.3
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|'''5'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|Taobh an Uisce
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|27.2
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''2''' {{increase}} 1
|19.0
|'''2''' {{steady}}
|22.8
|'''2''' {{steady}}
|20.6
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|3.6
|0 {{steady}}
|6.9
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|'''7'''
|- class=&quot;unsortable&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot; style=&quot;background:#C9C9C9&quot;
|align=&quot;left&quot;| '''Iomlán'''
|'''38.73'''
|'''18''' {{increase}} 7
|'''19.93'''
|'''10''' {{decrease}} 1
|'''12.49'''
|'''5''' {{decrease}} 2
|'''8.47'''
|'''3''' {{increase}} 1
|'''5.22'''
|'''1''' {{decrease}} 1
|'''4.47'''
|'''0''' {{decrease}} 2
|'''10.69'''
|'''3''' {{decrease}} 2
|'''40'''
|-
|}

==Torthaí na ndúichí==
===Baile Arnoid	===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;&quot;
|-
! align=center colspan=16| Baile Arnoid - 6 shuíochán 
|-
! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sandra Duffy*'''||	22.22%	||'''2,164'''|| || || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PSDLO]]||	'''Rory Farrell*'''||	14.43%	||'''1,405	'''|| || || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''John McGowan* †'''||	13.34%	||1,299	||'''1,601.05'''||  || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Pat Murphy'''||	9.86%	||960	||1,256.10	||1,289.65	||'''1,474.93''' || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PSDLO]]||	'''Brian Tierney* ‡‡'''||	10.33%	||1,006	||1,057.80	||1,128.50	||1,136.42	||1,165.70	||'''1,338.70'''
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PSDLO]]||	'''Catherine McDaid'''||	8.79%||	856	||896.25	||1,052.80	||1,059.04	||1,086.40	||'''1,318.40'''
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[Aontú]]  ||Emmet Doyle*	||9.11%	||887	||909.40	||944.45	||945.89	||955.73	||1,147.73
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};&quot;| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Doherty	||7.46%	||727||	745.20	||852.45	||855.33	||869.25	  ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};&quot; | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Colm Cavanagh	||4.48%	||436	||457.35|| || || ||
|-
| align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 19,139''' Bailí:'''9,740''' Millte:''' 189''' Cuóta:'''1,392''' Vótóirí:''' 9,929 (51.88%)            
|}

===Dearg===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;&quot;
|-
! align=center colspan=16| Dearg - 5 shuíochán 
|-
! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[PAD]] || '''Keith Kerrigan*'''||	19.52%	||'''1,669	'''|| || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Ruairí McHugh*'''||	16.87%||	'''1,442	'''|| || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PAU]] ||'''[[Derek Hussey]]*'''||	16.11%	||1,377	||'''1,592.88	'''|| || || 
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Antaine Ó Fearghail'''||	14.00%	||1,197	||1,197.00	||1,197.28	||1,255.28	||'''1,371.56'''
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Caroline Devine'''||	14.57%	||1,246	||1,246.14	||1,246.28	||1,306.28	||'''1,342.56'''
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PSDLO]] ||Steven Edwards*||	8.46%	||723	||726.78	||748.20	||888.74	||1,151.34
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};&quot; | || Neamhspleách ||Andy Patton	||5.93%	||507	||514.42	||586.94	||689.24||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};&quot; | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Anne Murray||	2.07%	||177	||178.26	||207.24	|| ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};&quot;| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Adam McGinley||	1.31%	||112	||112.56	||120.68	|| ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[Aontú]]  ||Leza Houston	||1.16%	||99	||99.00	||102.78|| ||
|-
| align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,672''' Bailí:'''8,549 ''' Millte:''' 111 ''' Cuóta:'''1,425''' Vótóirí:'''8,660 (63.33%)      
|}

===An Fhuachonbháil	===
===An Feabhal	===
===An Speirín	===
===An Móinteán	===
===Bruach an Uisce===
==Athruithe i rith an téarma==
===† Comhthofa===
===‡ Athruithe ceangail ===
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
{{Toghcháin agus reifrinn i dTuaisceart Éireann}}
[[Catagóir:2023]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Stair Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023]]</text>
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      <id>1331751</id>
      <parentid>1331719</parentid>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="11789" sha1="j9c4lnn8s9c2wo8vruqx9ec1ff7ovph" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Toghchán}}
Reáchtáladh '''Toghchán Chomhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin''' ar 18 Bealtaine 2023, le gach dara [[Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023|Toghcháin Áitiúla]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart Éireann, coicís tar éis na dtoghchán áitiúil i Sasana.]]. Cuireadh moill coicíse ar thoghcháin Thuaisceart Éireann chun comhthráth a sheachaint le [[Corónú Shéarlais III agus Camilla]]. Toghadh 40 ar [[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|an chomhairle]] trí [[Aonvóta inaistrithe]]

== Torthaí==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot; 
! colspan=&quot;10&quot; | Toradh Toghcháin 2023 i g[[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|Cathair Dhoire agus Ceantar an tSratha Báin]] 
|-
! colspan =&quot;2&quot; |Páirtí
! Suíocháin
! Méaduithe
! Caillteanais
! Glan-mhéadú &lt;br/&gt;nó caillteanas
! Suíocháin %	
! Vótaí %	
! Vótaí 
! +/−
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[Sinn Féin]] ||18	||7||0	||{{increase}}7||45.00||'''38.73'''||'''24,658'''||{{increase}}10.62
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[PSDLO]] ||10	||0||1|| {{decrease}}1||25.00||19.93||12,689||{{decrease}}5.54
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[PAD]] ||5	||0	||2	||{{decrease}}2	||12.50	||12.49||7,995||{{decrease}}2.21
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[PAU]] ||3||1||0||{{increase}}1	||7.50	||8.47||5,393||{{increase}}1.67
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[Comhalta neamhspleách|Neamhspleách]] ||3	||0	||1||{{increase}}1||7.50||7.74||4,927||{{decrease}}4.87
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};&quot;|
|[[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] ||1	||0	||1	||{{decrease}}1	||2.50||5.22||3,320||{{decrease}}0.69
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};&quot;  | 
| [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||0	||0	||2	||{{decrease}}2	||0.00||4.47||2,849||{{decrease}}0.23
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};&quot;|
|[[Aontú]]||0	||0	||1	||{{decrease}}1	||0.00||2,95||1,878||{{increase}}1.25
|-
! colspan =&quot;2&quot;  | Iomlán: || 40 || || || || || || 63,669|| 
|- 
|}
&lt;small&gt;'''Nóta''': Is iad &quot;vótaí&quot; an chéad rogha vótaí&lt;/small&gt;

== Achoimre dhúiche==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|- class=&quot;unsortable&quot; align=&quot;centre&quot;
!rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;|Ceantar
! % &lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
! %&lt;br /&gt;
!Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
!rowspan=2|Iomlán&lt;br /&gt;Comhairleoirí&lt;br /&gt;
|- class=&quot;unsortable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
!colspan=2  | Sinn Féin 
! colspan=2 | PSDLO
! colspan=2| PAD 
!colspan=2  | PAU
!colspan=2  | PRB
! colspan=2 | PCTÉ
!colspan=2 | Neamhspleách &lt;br/&gt; agus eile
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|Baile Arnoid
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|45.4
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''3''' {{increase}} 1
|33.5
|'''3''' {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|7.5
|0 {{steady}}
|4.5
|0 {{steady}}
|9.1
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|'''6'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|Dearg
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|45.4
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''3''' {{increase}} 1
|8.5
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|19.5
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|16.1
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|1.3
|0 {{steady}}
|2.1
|0 {{steady}}
|7.1
|0 {{steady}}
|'''5'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|An Fhuachonbháil
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|29.1
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''2''' {{increase}} 1
|18.9
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|20.3
|'''1''' {{decrease}} 1
|15.8
|'''1''' {{increase}} 1
|3.8
|0 {{steady}}
|8.6
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|3.4
|0 {{steady}}
|'''5'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|Taobh an Fheabhail
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|41.3
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''2''' {{increase}} 1
|35.4
|'''2''' {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|13.7
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|3.7
|0 {{steady}}
|5.9
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|'''5'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|An Speirín
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|40.4
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''3''' {{increase}} 1
|11.4
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|18.3
|'''1''' {{decrease}} 1
|4.1
|0 {{steady}}
|1.9
|0 {{steady}}
|3.2
|0 {{steady}}
|20.7
|'''2''' {{steady}}
|'''7'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|An Móinteán
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|44.6
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''3''' {{increase}} 1
|16.3
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|7.8
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|2.0
|0 {{steady}}
|29.3
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|'''5'''
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot;|Taobh an Uisce
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|27.2
|bgcolor=&quot;#008800&quot;|'''2''' {{increase}} 1
|19.0
|'''2''' {{steady}}
|22.8
|'''2''' {{steady}}
|20.6
|'''1''' {{steady}}
|3.6
|0 {{steady}}
|6.9
|0 {{decrease}} 1
|0.0
|0 {{steady}}
|'''7'''
|- class=&quot;unsortable&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot; style=&quot;background:#C9C9C9&quot;
|align=&quot;left&quot;| '''Iomlán'''
|'''38.73'''
|'''18''' {{increase}} 7
|'''19.93'''
|'''10''' {{decrease}} 1
|'''12.49'''
|'''5''' {{decrease}} 2
|'''8.47'''
|'''3''' {{increase}} 1
|'''5.22'''
|'''1''' {{decrease}} 1
|'''4.47'''
|'''0''' {{decrease}} 2
|'''10.69'''
|'''3''' {{decrease}} 2
|'''40'''
|-
|}

==Torthaí na ndúichí==
===Baile Arnoid	===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;&quot;
|-
! align=center colspan=16| Baile Arnoid - 6 shuíochán 
|-
! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sandra Duffy*'''||	22.22%	||'''2,164'''|| || || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PSDLO]]||	'''Rory Farrell*'''||	14.43%	||'''1,405	'''|| || || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''John McGowan* †'''||	13.34%	||1,299	||'''1,601.05'''||  || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Pat Murphy'''||	9.86%	||960	||1,256.10	||1,289.65	||'''1,474.93''' || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PSDLO]]||	'''Brian Tierney* ‡‡'''||	10.33%	||1,006	||1,057.80	||1,128.50	||1,136.42	||1,165.70	||'''1,338.70'''
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PSDLO]]||	'''Catherine McDaid'''||	8.79%||	856	||896.25	||1,052.80	||1,059.04	||1,086.40	||'''1,318.40'''
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[Aontú]]  ||Emmet Doyle*	||9.11%	||887	||909.40	||944.45	||945.89	||955.73	||1,147.73
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};&quot;| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Doherty	||7.46%	||727||	745.20	||852.45	||855.33	||869.25	  ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};&quot; | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Colm Cavanagh	||4.48%	||436	||457.35|| || || ||
|-
| align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 19,139''' Bailí:'''9,740''' Millte:''' 189''' Cuóta:'''1,392''' Vótóirí:''' 9,929 (51.88%)            
|}

===Dearg===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;&quot;
|-
! align=center colspan=16| Dearg - 5 shuíochán 
|-
! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[PAD]] || '''Keith Kerrigan*'''||	19.52%	||'''1,669	'''|| || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Ruairí McHugh*'''||	16.87%||	'''1,442	'''|| || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PAU]] ||'''[[Derek Hussey]]*'''||	16.11%	||1,377	||'''1,592.88	'''|| || || 
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Antaine Ó Fearghail'''||	14.00%	||1,197	||1,197.00	||1,197.28	||1,255.28	||'''1,371.56'''
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Caroline Devine'''||	14.57%	||1,246	||1,246.14	||1,246.28	||1,306.28	||'''1,342.56'''
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PSDLO]] ||Steven Edwards*||	8.46%	||723	||726.78	||748.20	||888.74	||1,151.34
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};&quot; | || Neamhspleách ||Andy Patton	||5.93%	||507	||514.42	||586.94	||689.24||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};&quot; | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Anne Murray||	2.07%	||177	||178.26	||207.24	|| ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};&quot;| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Adam McGinley||	1.31%	||112	||112.56	||120.68	|| ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[Aontú]]  ||Leza Houston	||1.16%	||99	||99.00	||102.78|| ||
|-
| align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,672''' Bailí:'''8,549 ''' Millte:''' 111 ''' Cuóta:'''1,425''' Vótóirí:'''8,660 (63.33%)      
|}

===An Fhuachonbháil	===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;&quot;
|-
! align=center colspan=16| An Fhuachonbháil - 5 shuíochán 
|-
! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PAU]] ||'''Ryan McCready* †'''||	15.84%	||1,282	||'''1,414'''|| || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Declan Norris*	'''||11.35%	||919	||984	||989.22	||'''1,396.22	'''|| ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Julie Middleton]] †'''||	12.21%	||988	||1,016	||1,032.82	||1,037.82	||1,659.82	||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Alex Duffy*'''||	14.74%	||1,193	||1,244	||1,244.58	||1,325.16	||1,325.16	||'''1,326.16'''
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sean Fleming'''||	14.35%	||1,162	||1,201	||1,201.58	||1,241.58	||1,242.58	||'''1,243.48'''
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};&quot; | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Rachael Ferguson*	||8.59%	||695	||813	||826.34	||947.50	||962.88	||1,054.88
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};&quot;  | || [[PAD]] || Gary Wilkinson||	8.07%	||653	||685	||708.20	||712.78|| ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};&quot; | || [[PSDLO]] ||Hayley Canning||	7.58%	||614	||682	||685.48	|| || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};&quot;| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Gallagher	||3.83%	||310	|| || || || ||
|-
| style=&quot;background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};&quot; | || Neamhspleách ||	Graham Warke*||	3.45%	||279	|| || || || ||

|-
| align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''14,532  ''' Bailí:'''8,095 ''' Millte:''' 93 ''' Cuóta:'''1,350''' Vótóirí:''' 8,188 (56.34%)      
|}

===An Feabhal	===
===An Speirín	===
===An Móinteán	===
===Bruach an Uisce===
==Athruithe i rith an téarma==
===† Comhthofa===
===‡ Athruithe ceangail ===
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
{{Toghcháin agus reifrinn i dTuaisceart Éireann}}
[[Catagóir:2023]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Stair Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023]]</text>
      <sha1>j9c4lnn8s9c2wo8vruqx9ec1ff7ovph</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Úsáideoir:LametinoWiki/Clár Dubh</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>128774</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331705</id>
      <parentid>1331547</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T15:23:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LametinoWiki</username>
        <id>23199</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1331705</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6920" sha1="tvia7a95rjr02zodcz4lq7bkxbvj4x9" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox 
|name      = Teachtaí Dála an 34ú Dáil
|state     = 
|title     = [[An 34ú Dáil|Teachtaí Dála an 34ú Dáil]]
|bodyclass = hlist

|above     = 
Mar [[An 34ú Dáil|a toghadh chun na Dála sa bhliain 2024]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceann Comhairle]]: [[Verona Uí Mhurchú]]

|group1 = [[Fianna Fáil]]
|list1  = 
*[[Caitríona Ardachaidh|Ardachaidh]]
*[[Tom Brabazon|Brabazon]]
*SHAY BRENNAN
*''[[Séamus de Brún|de Brún]]''
*[[Máire de Buitléir|de Buitléir]]
*[[Maolcholm Ó Broin|M. Ó Broin]] (Malcolm Byrne)
*[[Tomás Ó Broin (An Mhí Thoir)|T. Ó Broin)]]
*[[Ó Cathail]]
*''[[Dara Mac Giolla Laoire|Mac Giolla Laoire]]''
*''[[Seán Mac Ambróis|Mac Ambróis]]''
*[[Peter &quot;Chap&quot; Cleere|Cleere]]
*[[Niall Ó Coileáin|N. Ó Coileáin]]
*[[John Connolly (Irish politician)|Connolly]]
*[[Cathal Crowe|C. Crowe]]
*[[Martin Daly (politician)|M. Daly]]
*[[Aisling Dempsey|Dempsey]]
*[[Cormac Devlin|Devlin]]
*[[Albert Dolan|Dolan]]
*[[Timmy Dooley|Dooley]]
*[[Seán Fleming|Fleming]]
*''[[Norma Foley|Foley]]''
*[[Pat &quot;the Cope&quot; Gallagher|Gallagher]]
*[[John Lahart|Lahart]]
*''[[Séamas Laighléis|S. Laighléis]]''
*''[[Mícheál Ó Máirtín|Ó Máirtín]]''§
*[[Paul McAuliffe|McAuliffe]]
*[[Charlie McConalogue|McConalogue]]
*[[Tony McCormack|McCormack]]
*[[Séamus McGrath|S. McGrath]]
*[[Erin McGreehan|McGreehan]]
*[[John McGuinness (politician)|J. McGuinness]]
*[[Aindrias Moynihan|A. Moynihan]]
*[[Michael Moynihan (Cork politician)|M. Moynihan]]
*[[Shane Moynihan|S. Moynihan]]
*[[Jennifer Murnane O'Connor|Murnane O'Connor]]
*''[[Darragh Ó Briain|Ó Briain]]''
*''[[Jim O'Callaghan|J. O'Callaghan]]''
*[[Naoise Ó Cearúil|Ó Cearúil]]
*[[James O'Connor (Cork politician)|O'Connor]]
*[[Liam Ó Deághaidh|Ó Deághaidh]]
*[[Seán Ó Fearghaíl|Ó Fearghaíl]]
*[[Ryan O'Meara (politician)|O'Meara]]
*[[Criostóir Ó Súilleabháin|C. Ó Súilleabháin]]
*[[Pádraig O'Sullivan|P. O'Sullivan]]
*[[Éamonn Ó Scannláin|Ó Scannláin]]
*[[Brendan Smith (politician)|B. Smith]]
*[[Niamh Smyth|Smyth]]
*[[Roibeard Ó Troithigh|Ó Troithigh]]

|group2 = [[Sinn Féin]]
|list2  = 
*[[Cathy Bennett|Bennett]]
*[[Seán Ó Bradaigh|Ó Bradaigh]]
*[[Páid Ó Buachalla|Ó Buachalla]]
*[[Joanna Byrne|J. Byrne]]
*[[Matt Carthy|Carthy]]
*[[Sorca Clarke|Clarke]]
*[[Rose Conway-Walsh|Conway-Walsh]]
*[[Réada Cronin|Cronin]]
*[[Seán Mac Concradha|S. Mac Concradha]]
*[[David Cullinane|Cullinane]]
*[[Pa Daly|P. Daly]]
*[[Máire Devine|Devine]]
*[[Piaras Ó Dochartaigh|Ó Dochartaigh]]
*[[Paul Donnelly (politician)|Donnelly]]
*[[Deasún Mac Eilis|Mac Eilis]]
*[[Mairéad Farrell (politician)|Farrell]]
*[[Thomas Gould (politician)|Gould]]
*[[Ann Graves|Graves]]
*[[Johnny Guirke|Guirke]]
*[[Martin Kenny|M. Kenny]]
*[[Claire Kerrane|Kerrane]]
*[[Pádraig Mac Lochlainn|Mac Lochlainn]]
*[[Máire Laoise Mhic Dhomhnaill|Mhic Dhomhnaill]]§
*[[Donna McGettigan|McGettigan]]
*[[Conor D. McGuinness|C. McGuinness]]
*[[Denise Mitchell|Mitchell]]
*[[Johnny Mythen|Mythen]]
*[[Natasha Newsome Drennan|Newsome Drennan]]
*[[Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh|Ní Raghallaigh]]
*[[Eoin Ó Broin|Ó Broin]]
*[[Louis O'Hara|O'Hara]]
*[[Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire|Ó Laoghaire]]
*[[Ruairí Ó Murchú|Ó Murchú]]
*[[Laoise Ní Raghallaigh|Ní Raghallaigh]]
*[[Darren O'Rourke|O'Rourke]]
*[[Aengus Ó Snodaigh|Ó Snodaigh]]
*[[Fionntán Ó Súilleabháin|F. Ó Súilleabháin]]
*[[Muiris Ó Caoindealbháin|Ó Caoindealbháin]]
*[[Mark Ward|M. Ward]]

|group3 = [[Fine Gael]]
|list3  = 
*[[William Aird|Aird]]
*[[Grace Boland|Boland]]
*[[Brian Brennan (politician)|B. Brennan]]
*[[Colm Ó Bróithe|Ó Bróithe]]
*[[Colm de Búrca|de Búrca]]
*''[[Peter Burke (politician)|P. Burke]]''
*[[Paula Butterly|Butterly]]
*[[Diarmuid Ó Buitiméir|Ó Buitiméir]]
*[[Catherine Callaghan (politician)|Callaghan]]
*[[Micheál Carrigy|Carrigy]]
*''[[Jennifer Carroll MacNeill|Carroll MacNeill]]''
*[[John Clendennen|Clendennen]]
*[[Joe Cooney (politician)|Cooney]]
*[[John Cummins (Irish politician)|John Cummins]]
*[[Emer Currie|Currie]]
*[[Alan Dillon|Dillon]]
*[[Frank Feighan|Feighan]]
*[[James Geoghegan (Fine Gael politician)|Geoghegan]]
*''[[Síomón Ó hEarchaí|Ó hEarchaí]]''§
*''[[Máirtín Ó hEideáin|Ó hEideáin]]''
*[[Emer Higgins|Higgins]]
*[[Keira Keogh|Keogh]]
*[[Seán Kyne|Kyne]]
*[[David Maxwell (Irish politician)|Maxwell]]
*[[Noel McCarthy|McCarthy]]
*''[[Helen McEntee|McEntee]]''
*[[Michael Murphy (Fine Gael politician)|M. Murphy]]
*''[[Hildegarde Naughton|Naughton]]''
*[[Joe Neville (politician)|Neville]]
*[[Maeve O'Connell|O'Connell]]
*[[Kieran O'Donnell|O'Donnell]]
*''[[Patrick O'Donovan|O'Donovan]]''
*[[Naoise Ó Muirí|Ó Muirí]]
*[[John Paul O'Shea|O'Shea]]
*[[Neale Richmond|Richmond]]
*[[Peter Roche (politician)|Roche]]
*[[Edward Timmins|Timmins]]
*[[Barry Ward (politician)|B. Ward]]

|group4 = [[Na Daonlathaithe Sóisialta (Éire)|Na Daonlathaithe Sóisialta]] 
|list4  = 
*[[Holly Cairns|Cairns]]§
*[[Jen Cummins]]
*[[Daniel Ennis|Ennis]]
*[[Aidan Farrelly|Farrelly]]
*[[Gary Gannon|Gannon]]
*[[Sinéad Gibney|Gibney]]
*[[Eoin Hayes|Hayes]]
*[[Rory Hearne|Hearne]]
*[[Cian O'Callaghan|C. O'Callaghan]]
*[[Liam Quaide|Quaide]]
*[[Pádraig Rice|Rice]]
*[[Jennifer Whitmore|Whitmore]]

|group5 = [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Páirtí an Lucht Oibre]] 
|list5  = 
*[[Ciarán Ahern|Ahern]]
*[[Ivana Bacik|Bacik]]§
*[[Alan Kelly (politician)|Kelly]]
*[[Eoghan Kenny|E. Kenny]]
*[[George Lawlor|Lawlor]]
*[[Ged Nash|Nash]]
*[[Robert O'Donoghue]]
*[[Conor Sheehan|Sheehan]]
*[[Marie Sherlock|Sherlock]]
*[[Duncan Smith (Irish politician)|D. Smith]]
*[[Mark Wall (politician)|Wall]]

|group6 = [[Éire Neamhspleách]] 
|list6  =
*[[Michael Collins (politician, born 1968)|M. Collins]]§
*[[Michael Fitzmaurice (politician)|Fitzmaurice]]
*[[Richard O'Donoghue]]
*[[Ken O'Flynn|O'Flynn]]

|group7 = [[Pobal seachas Brabús/Dlúthpháirtíocht]]
|list7  = 
*[[Risteard Buíd Bairéid|Buíd Bairéid]]
*[[Ruth Coppinger|Coppinger]]
*[[Paul Murphy (Irish politician)|P. Murphy]]

|group8 = [[Aontú]]
|list8  =
*[[Paul Lawless (politician)|P. Lawless]]
*[[Peadar Tóibín|Tóibín]]§

|group9 = [[Cúiteamh 100%]]
|list9  = 
*[[Charles Ward (Irish politician)|C. Ward]]

|group10 = [[Comhaontas Glas]]
|list10  = 
*[[Roderic O'Gorman|O'Gorman]]§

|group11 = [[Comhalta neamhspleách|Neamhspleách]]
|list11  = 
*[[Seán Canney|Canney]]
*[[Paul Gogarty|Gogarty]]
*[[Nollaig Ó Griallais|Ó Griallais]]
*[[Marian Harkin|Harkin]]
*[[Séamus Healy|Healy]]
*[[Danny Healy-Rae|D. Healy-Rae]]
*[[Michael Healy-Rae|M. Healy-Rae]]
*[[Barry Heneghan|Heneghan]]
*[[Michael Lowry (politician)|Lowry]]
*[[Mattie McGrath|M. McGrath]]
*[[Kevin &quot;Boxer&quot; Moran|Moran]]
*[[Carol Nolan|Nolan]]
*[[Brian Stanley (politician)|Stanley]]
*[[Gillian Toole|Toole]]

|below = 
''Cló Iodálach'' = Ceannairí na bPairtithe '''Trom''' = Airí
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      <comment>Bhog LametinoWiki an leathanach [[Plé:Ruth Coppinger]] go [[Plé:Rút Coipingéir]]: Leagan Gaeilge</comment>
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      <text bytes="11128" sha1="ja8lvmtkdc0yrngj76zc9wnyfoc79vk" xml:space="preserve">Ba [[Bitheolaíocht mhóilíneach|bhitheolaí móilíneach]] [[Spáinnigh|Spáinneach]] í '''Marta Nasila Shahbazi Alonso''' ( [[León]], Iúil 1985 – 28 Deireadh Fómhair, 2026) a bhí i gceannas ar Shaotharlann Shahbazi ag Saotharlann Bitheolaíochta Móilíní den MRC.

== Saol agus gairmré ==
Rugadh í i León sa bhliain 1985, iníon le múinteoir bunscoile i gCarrizo de la Ribera a raibh a hathair ina hIaránach agus a chuaigh ar imircea i ndiaidh [[Réabhlóid na hIaráine]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/08/ciencia/1573233919_379457.html|title=&quot;La gente puede pensar que tenemos casi bebés en el laboratorio, pero son como un grano de arena&quot;|author=Ansede|first=Manuel|date=2019-11-13|language=es|work=El País|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://elpais.com/ciencia/2026-10-30/desaparecida-en-el-accidente-de-trenes-marta-shahbazi-una-de-las-cientificas-espanolas-mas-brillantes.html|title=Desaparecida en el accidente de trenes Marta Shahbazi, una de las científicas españolas más brillantes|author=Ansede|first=Manuel|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=El País|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ollamh taighde le Matamaitic in Ollscoil Náisiúnta Cianoideachais na Spáinne is ea a dheartháir, Carlos Shahbazi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.elmundo.es/ciencia/2026/10/30/6ae4cea5e9cf4a2d718b4574.html|title=Las científicas leonesas Marta Shahbazi Alonso y Tamara González Costa, entre los desaparecidos en el accidente de tren de Urda|author=Guerrero|first=Teresa|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=El Mundo|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/spain-train-crash-sanchez-crisis-7fxdrzgbq|title=Days after Spain crash, Cambridge professor’s family learn she died|author=Gatens|first=Katie|date=2026-11-01|work=The Times and The Sunday Times|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhain sí céim Mháistreachta sa [[Bitheolaíocht mhóilíneach|Bhitheolaíocht Mhóilíneach]] amach ó Roinn na Bitheolaíochta in Ollscoil Uathrialach Mhaidrid, agus an taifead acadúil is fearr aici i measc a chomhghleacaithe a bhí ag baint céime amach ag an am céanna. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot; /&gt; Chríochnaigh sí a tráchtas dochtúireachta ar na meicníochtaí a chaomhnaíonn cruth agus sláine [[Gaschill|gaschealla]] eipideirmeacha ag Ionad Náisiúnta Taighde Ailse na Spáinne faoi mhaoirseacht Mirna Pérez-Moreno. &lt;ref name=&quot;embo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://mrclmb.ac.uk/news-events/articles/marta-shahbazi-joins-embo-young-investigator-programme/|title=Marta Shahbazi joins EMBO Young Investigator Programme|work=mrclmb.ac.uk|publisher=MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology|access-date=2 November 2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot; /&gt;

Sa bhliain 2014, thosaigh sí ag obair in [[Ollscoil Cambridge]] sa Ríocht Aontaithe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot; /&gt; Sa bhliain 2016, d’éirigh lena foireann suthanna daonna a fhás lasmuigh den útaras ar feadh 13 lá, rud a shocraigh taifead domhanda. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Shahbazi, Jedrusik, Vuoristo, Recher &amp; al 2016&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5049689|title=Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2016|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=18|issue=6|pages=700–708|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/ncb3347|pmc=5049689|pmid=27144686}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Astorga Digital 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.astorgadigital.com/marta-shahbazi-la-joven-leonesa-que-investiga-el-desarrollo-de-celulas-madre-y-embriones/|title=Marta Shahbazi, la joven leonesa que investiga el desarrollo de células madre y embriones|date=2020-01-15|language=es|work=Astorga Digital|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Feabhra 2020, thosaigh sí ag stiúradh a grúpa taighde féin i Saotharlann na Bitheolaíochta Móilíní in Ollscoil Cambridge. &lt;ref name=&quot;Murphy 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.huntspost.co.uk/news/26687909.cambridge-scientist-killed-deadly-spanish-train-crash/|title=Cambridgeshire scientist dies in high-speed Spanish train crash|author=Murphy|first=Oliver|date=2026-11-01|publisher=The Hunts Post|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Rennolds 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.euronews.com/2026/11/01/university-of-cambridge-scientist-among-victims-of-deadly-spain-train-crash|title=Cambridge University scientist among victims of Spain train crash|author=Rennolds|first=Nathan|date=2026-11-01|publisher=euronews|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'fhéach an grúpa oibre seo le tuiscint níos fearr a fháil ar an gcaoi a dtéann  cealla suthacha in oiriúint chun bheith ina gcodanna sonracha den chorp. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; Bhí sí ina hollamh comhlach den Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. &lt;ref name=&quot;Applegate 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cq5ynzvkn1d8o|title=Cambridge scientist Marta Shahbazi dies in Spanish train crash|author=Applegate|first=Zoe|date=2026-11-01|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Siddique 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/nov/01/tributes-marta-shahbazi-university-of-cambridge-scientist-spanish-train-crash|title=Tributes paid to 'inspiring' Cambridge scientist who died in Spain train crash|author=Siddique|first=Haroon|date=2026-11-01|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2024, chuaigh sí isteach i gClár Taighdeoirí Óga na hEagraíochta Eorpaí um Bhitheolaíocht Mhóilíneach  . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://sruk.org.uk/es/marta-shahbazi-alonso-talento-emergente-sruk-ceru-2026/|title=La Dra. Marta Shahbazi Alonso recibe el Premio al Talento Emergente SRUK/CERU 2026|last=Vicepresident|first=SRUK|date=2026-10-20|language=es-ES|work=CERU|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair sí bás i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 i [[Tubaiste traenach Toledo 2026|dtimpiste traenach Urda]] agus í ag taisteal ar an traein ardluais AVE chun Duais José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta a fháil ó Chumann Bitheolaíochta Forbartha na Spáinne. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rennolds 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Applegate 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Siddique 2026&quot; /&gt;d

== Duaiseanna ==
Sa bhliain 2019, bhronn an Centro Nacional para el Reemplazo, Refinamiento y Reducción de Animales en la Investigación  Duais na 3R ar Shahbazi agus ar an eolaí Francesca Nunn as a gcuid foilseachán a phléann conas líon na n-ainmhithe a úsáidtear sa taighde a laghdú. &lt;ref name=&quot;NC3Rs 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://nc3rs.org.uk/news/international-prize-awarded-two-researchers-working-reduce-animal-use|title=International prize awarded to two researchers working to reduce animal use|date=2020-06-10|work=NC3Rs|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2024, fuair sí an &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;Suffrage Science award&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; i gcatagóir na n-eolaíochtaí beatha. &lt;ref name=&quot;LS 2024 awards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.suffragescience.com/copy-of-ls-2020-award-handover|title=Life Sciences 2024 Awards|work=Suffrage Science|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2026, bhronn an Society of Spanish Scientists in the United Kingdom (SRUK/CERU) an gradam ' Emerging Talent Award' uirthi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.redaccionmedica.com/politica/sanidad-hoy/20261030/la-biologa-marta-shahbazi-alonso-entre-los-desaparecidos-del-accidente-ferroviario-de-urda/363953_0.html|title=La bióloga Marta Shahbazi Alonso, entre los desaparecidos del accidente ferroviario de Urda|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=Redacción médica|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; An bhliain chéanna sin, bhronn an Sociedad Española de Biología del Desarrolloronnadh duais José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta uirthi, as sármhaitheas eolaíochta ó Chumann Bitheolaíochta Forbartha na Spáinne. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SEBD 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://sebd.es/novedades-de-la-sociedad/#1767784126221-786461a4-0b7b|title=Novedades de la Sociedad|date=12 September 2026|language=es|work=Sociedad Española de Biología del Desarrollo (SEBD)|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.redaccionmedica.com/politica/sanidad-hoy/20261030/la-biologa-marta-shahbazi-alonso-entre-los-desaparecidos-del-accidente-ferroviario-de-urda/363953_0.html|title=La bióloga Marta Shahbazi Alonso, entre los desaparecidos del accidente ferroviario de Urda|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=Redacción médica|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Foilseacháin roghnaithe ==

* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.protocols.io/view/culture-of-human-embryos-through-implantation-stag-d26e8hbe.pdf|title=Culture of human embryos through implantation stages in vitro|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta|date=2016-05-05|journal=Protocol Exchange|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=2043-0116|doi=10.1038/protex.2016.017|oclc=6035066333}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5049689|title=Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2016|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=18|issue=6|pages=700–708|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/ncb3347|pmc=5049689|pmid=27144686}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5768241|title=Pluripotent state transitions coordinate morphogenesis in mouse and human embryos|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2017-12-14|journal=Nature|volume=552|issue=7684|pages=239–243|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature24675}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Deconstructing and reconstructing the mouse and human early embryo|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2018|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=20|issue=8|pages=878–887|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/s41556-018-0144-x}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8300856|title=Self-organization of stem cells into embryos: A window on early mammalian development|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2019-06-07|journal=Science|volume=364|issue=6444|pages=948–951|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.aax0164|pmc=8300856|pmid=31171690}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=http://www.cell.com/article/S1934590920303544/pdf|title=Introductions to the Community: Early-Career Researchers in the Time of COVID-19|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta|date=2020|journal=Cell Stem Cell|volume=27|issue=2|pages=200–201|accessdate=2026-11-02|doi=10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.016|oclc=9093301588|pmc=7409799|pmid=32763182}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article-pdf/147/14/dev190629/1967449/dev190629.pdf|title=Mechanisms of human embryo development: from cell fate to tissue shape and back|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2020-07-15|journal=Development|volume=147|issue=14|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1477-9129|doi=10.1242/dev.190629|pmc=7375473|pmid=32680920}}

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1985]]
[[Catagóir:Mná]]
[[Catagóir:Leathanaigh le haistriúcháin neamh-mheasúnaithe]]</text>
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Ba [[Bitheolaíocht mhóilíneach|bhitheolaí móilíneach]] [[Spáinnigh|Spáinneach]] í '''Marta Nasila Shahbazi Alonso''' ( [[León]], Iúil 1985 – 28 Deireadh Fómhair, 2026) a bhí i gceannas ar Shaotharlann Shahbazi ag Saotharlann Bitheolaíochta Móilíní den MRC.

== Saol agus gairmré ==
Rugadh í i León sa bhliain 1985, iníon le múinteoir bunscoile i gCarrizo de la Ribera a raibh a hathair ina hIaránach agus a chuaigh ar imircea i ndiaidh [[Réabhlóid na hIaráine]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/08/ciencia/1573233919_379457.html|title=&quot;La gente puede pensar que tenemos casi bebés en el laboratorio, pero son como un grano de arena&quot;|author=Ansede|first=Manuel|date=2019-11-13|language=es|work=El País|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://elpais.com/ciencia/2026-10-30/desaparecida-en-el-accidente-de-trenes-marta-shahbazi-una-de-las-cientificas-espanolas-mas-brillantes.html|title=Desaparecida en el accidente de trenes Marta Shahbazi, una de las científicas españolas más brillantes|author=Ansede|first=Manuel|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=El País|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ollamh taighde le Matamaitic in Ollscoil Náisiúnta Cianoideachais na Spáinne is ea a dheartháir, Carlos Shahbazi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.elmundo.es/ciencia/2026/10/30/6ae4cea5e9cf4a2d718b4574.html|title=Las científicas leonesas Marta Shahbazi Alonso y Tamara González Costa, entre los desaparecidos en el accidente de tren de Urda|author=Guerrero|first=Teresa|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=El Mundo|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/spain-train-crash-sanchez-crisis-7fxdrzgbq|title=Days after Spain crash, Cambridge professor’s family learn she died|author=Gatens|first=Katie|date=2026-11-01|work=The Times and The Sunday Times|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhain sí céim Mháistreachta sa [[Bitheolaíocht mhóilíneach|Bhitheolaíocht Mhóilíneach]] amach ó Roinn na Bitheolaíochta in Ollscoil Uathrialach Mhaidrid, agus an taifead acadúil is fearr aici i measc a chomhghleacaithe a bhí ag baint céime amach ag an am céanna. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot; /&gt; Chríochnaigh sí a tráchtas dochtúireachta ar na meicníochtaí a chaomhnaíonn cruth agus sláine [[Gaschill|gaschealla]] eipideirmeacha ag Ionad Náisiúnta Taighde Ailse na Spáinne faoi mhaoirseacht Mirna Pérez-Moreno. &lt;ref name=&quot;embo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://mrclmb.ac.uk/news-events/articles/marta-shahbazi-joins-embo-young-investigator-programme/|title=Marta Shahbazi joins EMBO Young Investigator Programme|work=mrclmb.ac.uk|publisher=MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology|access-date=2 November 2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot; /&gt;

Sa bhliain 2014, thosaigh sí ag obair in [[Ollscoil Cambridge]] sa Ríocht Aontaithe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot; /&gt; Sa bhliain 2016, d’éirigh lena foireann suthanna daonna a fhás lasmuigh den útaras ar feadh 13 lá, rud a shocraigh taifead domhanda. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Shahbazi, Jedrusik, Vuoristo, Recher &amp; al 2016&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5049689|title=Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2016|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=18|issue=6|pages=700–708|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/ncb3347|pmc=5049689|pmid=27144686}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Astorga Digital 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.astorgadigital.com/marta-shahbazi-la-joven-leonesa-que-investiga-el-desarrollo-de-celulas-madre-y-embriones/|title=Marta Shahbazi, la joven leonesa que investiga el desarrollo de células madre y embriones|date=2020-01-15|language=es|work=Astorga Digital|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Feabhra 2020, thosaigh sí ag stiúradh a grúpa taighde féin i Saotharlann na Bitheolaíochta Móilíní in Ollscoil Cambridge. &lt;ref name=&quot;Murphy 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.huntspost.co.uk/news/26687909.cambridge-scientist-killed-deadly-spanish-train-crash/|title=Cambridgeshire scientist dies in high-speed Spanish train crash|author=Murphy|first=Oliver|date=2026-11-01|publisher=The Hunts Post|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Rennolds 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.euronews.com/2026/11/01/university-of-cambridge-scientist-among-victims-of-deadly-spain-train-crash|title=Cambridge University scientist among victims of Spain train crash|author=Rennolds|first=Nathan|date=2026-11-01|publisher=euronews|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'fhéach an grúpa oibre seo le tuiscint níos fearr a fháil ar an gcaoi a dtéann  cealla suthacha in oiriúint chun bheith ina gcodanna sonracha den chorp. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; Bhí sí ina hollamh comhlach den Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. &lt;ref name=&quot;Applegate 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cq5ynzvkn1d8o|title=Cambridge scientist Marta Shahbazi dies in Spanish train crash|author=Applegate|first=Zoe|date=2026-11-01|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Siddique 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/nov/01/tributes-marta-shahbazi-university-of-cambridge-scientist-spanish-train-crash|title=Tributes paid to 'inspiring' Cambridge scientist who died in Spain train crash|author=Siddique|first=Haroon|date=2026-11-01|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2024, chuaigh sí isteach i gClár Taighdeoirí Óga na hEagraíochta Eorpaí um Bhitheolaíocht Mhóilíneach  . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://sruk.org.uk/es/marta-shahbazi-alonso-talento-emergente-sruk-ceru-2026/|title=La Dra. Marta Shahbazi Alonso recibe el Premio al Talento Emergente SRUK/CERU 2026|last=Vicepresident|first=SRUK|date=2026-10-20|language=es-ES|work=CERU|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair sí bás i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 i [[Tubaiste traenach Toledo 2026|dtimpiste traenach Urda]] agus í ag taisteal ar an traein ardluais AVE chun Duais José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta a fháil ó Chumann Bitheolaíochta Forbartha na Spáinne. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rennolds 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Applegate 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Siddique 2026&quot; /&gt;d

== Duaiseanna ==
Sa bhliain 2019, bhronn an Centro Nacional para el Reemplazo, Refinamiento y Reducción de Animales en la Investigación  Duais na 3R ar Shahbazi agus ar an eolaí Francesca Nunn as a gcuid foilseachán a phléann conas líon na n-ainmhithe a úsáidtear sa taighde a laghdú. &lt;ref name=&quot;NC3Rs 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://nc3rs.org.uk/news/international-prize-awarded-two-researchers-working-reduce-animal-use|title=International prize awarded to two researchers working to reduce animal use|date=2020-06-10|work=NC3Rs|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2024, fuair sí an &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;Suffrage Science award&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; i gcatagóir na n-eolaíochtaí beatha. &lt;ref name=&quot;LS 2024 awards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.suffragescience.com/copy-of-ls-2020-award-handover|title=Life Sciences 2024 Awards|work=Suffrage Science|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2026, bhronn an Society of Spanish Scientists in the United Kingdom (SRUK/CERU) an gradam ' Emerging Talent Award' uirthi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.redaccionmedica.com/politica/sanidad-hoy/20261030/la-biologa-marta-shahbazi-alonso-entre-los-desaparecidos-del-accidente-ferroviario-de-urda/363953_0.html|title=La bióloga Marta Shahbazi Alonso, entre los desaparecidos del accidente ferroviario de Urda|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=Redacción médica|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; An bhliain chéanna sin, bhronn an Sociedad Española de Biología del Desarrolloronnadh duais José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta uirthi, as sármhaitheas eolaíochta ó Chumann Bitheolaíochta Forbartha na Spáinne. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SEBD 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://sebd.es/novedades-de-la-sociedad/#1767784126221-786461a4-0b7b|title=Novedades de la Sociedad|date=12 September 2026|language=es|work=Sociedad Española de Biología del Desarrollo (SEBD)|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.redaccionmedica.com/politica/sanidad-hoy/20261030/la-biologa-marta-shahbazi-alonso-entre-los-desaparecidos-del-accidente-ferroviario-de-urda/363953_0.html|title=La bióloga Marta Shahbazi Alonso, entre los desaparecidos del accidente ferroviario de Urda|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=Redacción médica|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Foilseacháin roghnaithe ==

* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.protocols.io/view/culture-of-human-embryos-through-implantation-stag-d26e8hbe.pdf|title=Culture of human embryos through implantation stages in vitro|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta|date=2016-05-05|journal=Protocol Exchange|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=2043-0116|doi=10.1038/protex.2016.017|oclc=6035066333}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5049689|title=Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2016|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=18|issue=6|pages=700–708|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/ncb3347|pmc=5049689|pmid=27144686}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5768241|title=Pluripotent state transitions coordinate morphogenesis in mouse and human embryos|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2017-12-14|journal=Nature|volume=552|issue=7684|pages=239–243|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature24675}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Deconstructing and reconstructing the mouse and human early embryo|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2018|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=20|issue=8|pages=878–887|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/s41556-018-0144-x}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8300856|title=Self-organization of stem cells into embryos: A window on early mammalian development|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2019-06-07|journal=Science|volume=364|issue=6444|pages=948–951|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.aax0164|pmc=8300856|pmid=31171690}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=http://www.cell.com/article/S1934590920303544/pdf|title=Introductions to the Community: Early-Career Researchers in the Time of COVID-19|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta|date=2020|journal=Cell Stem Cell|volume=27|issue=2|pages=200–201|accessdate=2026-11-02|doi=10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.016|oclc=9093301588|pmc=7409799|pmid=32763182}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article-pdf/147/14/dev190629/1967449/dev190629.pdf|title=Mechanisms of human embryo development: from cell fate to tissue shape and back|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2020-07-15|journal=Development|volume=147|issue=14|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1477-9129|doi=10.1242/dev.190629|pmc=7375473|pmid=32680920}}

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1985]]
[[Catagóir:Mná]]
[[Catagóir:Leathanaigh le haistriúcháin neamh-mheasúnaithe]]</text>
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Ba [[Bitheolaíocht mhóilíneach|bhitheolaí móilíneach]] [[Spáinnigh|Spáinneach]] í '''Marta Nasila Shahbazi Alonso''' ( [[León]], Iúil 1985 – 28 Deireadh Fómhair, 2026) a bhí i gceannas ar Shaotharlann Shahbazi ag Saotharlann Bitheolaíochta Móilíní den MRC.

== Saol agus gairmré ==
Rugadh í i León sa bhliain 1985, iníon le múinteoir bunscoile i gCarrizo de la Ribera a raibh a hathair ina hIaránach agus a chuaigh ar imircea i ndiaidh [[Réabhlóid na hIaráine]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/08/ciencia/1573233919_379457.html|title=&quot;La gente puede pensar que tenemos casi bebés en el laboratorio, pero son como un grano de arena&quot;|author=Ansede|first=Manuel|date=2019-11-13|language=es|work=El País|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://elpais.com/ciencia/2026-10-30/desaparecida-en-el-accidente-de-trenes-marta-shahbazi-una-de-las-cientificas-espanolas-mas-brillantes.html|title=Desaparecida en el accidente de trenes Marta Shahbazi, una de las científicas españolas más brillantes|author=Ansede|first=Manuel|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=El País|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ollamh taighde le Matamaitic in Ollscoil Náisiúnta Cianoideachais na Spáinne is ea a dheartháir, Carlos Shahbazi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.elmundo.es/ciencia/2026/10/30/6ae4cea5e9cf4a2d718b4574.html|title=Las científicas leonesas Marta Shahbazi Alonso y Tamara González Costa, entre los desaparecidos en el accidente de tren de Urda|author=Guerrero|first=Teresa|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=El Mundo|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/spain-train-crash-sanchez-crisis-7fxdrzgbq|title=Days after Spain crash, Cambridge professor’s family learn she died|author=Gatens|first=Katie|date=2026-11-01|work=The Times and The Sunday Times|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhain sí céim Mháistreachta sa [[Bitheolaíocht mhóilíneach|Bhitheolaíocht Mhóilíneach]] amach ó Roinn na Bitheolaíochta in Ollscoil Uathrialach Mhaidrid, agus an taifead acadúil is fearr aici i measc a chomhghleacaithe a bhí ag baint céime amach ag an am céanna. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot; /&gt; Chríochnaigh sí a tráchtas dochtúireachta ar na meicníochtaí a chaomhnaíonn cruth agus sláine [[Gaschill|gaschealla]] eipideirmeacha ag Ionad Náisiúnta Taighde Ailse na Spáinne faoi mhaoirseacht Mirna Pérez-Moreno. &lt;ref name=&quot;embo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://mrclmb.ac.uk/news-events/articles/marta-shahbazi-joins-embo-young-investigator-programme/|title=Marta Shahbazi joins EMBO Young Investigator Programme|work=mrclmb.ac.uk|publisher=MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology|access-date=2 November 2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot; /&gt;

Sa bhliain 2014, thosaigh sí ag obair in [[Ollscoil Cambridge]] sa Ríocht Aontaithe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot; /&gt; Sa bhliain 2016, d’éirigh lena foireann suthanna daonna a fhás lasmuigh den útaras ar feadh 13 lá, rud a shocraigh taifead domhanda. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Shahbazi, Jedrusik, Vuoristo, Recher &amp; al 2016&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5049689|title=Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2016|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=18|issue=6|pages=700–708|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/ncb3347|pmc=5049689|pmid=27144686}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Astorga Digital 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.astorgadigital.com/marta-shahbazi-la-joven-leonesa-que-investiga-el-desarrollo-de-celulas-madre-y-embriones/|title=Marta Shahbazi, la joven leonesa que investiga el desarrollo de células madre y embriones|date=2020-01-15|language=es|work=Astorga Digital|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Feabhra 2020, thosaigh sí ag stiúradh a grúpa taighde féin i Saotharlann na Bitheolaíochta Móilíní in Ollscoil Cambridge. &lt;ref name=&quot;Murphy 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.huntspost.co.uk/news/26687909.cambridge-scientist-killed-deadly-spanish-train-crash/|title=Cambridgeshire scientist dies in high-speed Spanish train crash|author=Murphy|first=Oliver|date=2026-11-01|publisher=The Hunts Post|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Rennolds 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.euronews.com/2026/11/01/university-of-cambridge-scientist-among-victims-of-deadly-spain-train-crash|title=Cambridge University scientist among victims of Spain train crash|author=Rennolds|first=Nathan|date=2026-11-01|publisher=euronews|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'fhéach an grúpa oibre seo le tuiscint níos fearr a fháil ar an gcaoi a dtéann  cealla suthacha in oiriúint chun bheith ina gcodanna sonracha den chorp. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; Bhí sí ina hollamh comhlach den Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. &lt;ref name=&quot;Applegate 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cq5ynzvkn1d8o|title=Cambridge scientist Marta Shahbazi dies in Spanish train crash|author=Applegate|first=Zoe|date=2026-11-01|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Siddique 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/nov/01/tributes-marta-shahbazi-university-of-cambridge-scientist-spanish-train-crash|title=Tributes paid to 'inspiring' Cambridge scientist who died in Spain train crash|author=Siddique|first=Haroon|date=2026-11-01|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2024, chuaigh sí isteach i gClár Taighdeoirí Óga na hEagraíochta Eorpaí um Bhitheolaíocht Mhóilíneach  . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://sruk.org.uk/es/marta-shahbazi-alonso-talento-emergente-sruk-ceru-2026/|title=La Dra. Marta Shahbazi Alonso recibe el Premio al Talento Emergente SRUK/CERU 2026|last=Vicepresident|first=SRUK|date=2026-10-20|language=es-ES|work=CERU|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair sí bás i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 i [[Tubaiste traenach Toledo 2026|dtimpiste traenach Urda]] agus í ag taisteal ar an traein ardluais AVE chun Duais José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta a fháil ó Chumann Bitheolaíochta Forbartha na Spáinne. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rennolds 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Applegate 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Siddique 2026&quot; /&gt;d

== Duaiseanna ==
Sa bhliain 2019, bhronn an Centro Nacional para el Reemplazo, Refinamiento y Reducción de Animales en la Investigación  Duais na 3R ar Shahbazi agus ar an eolaí Francesca Nunn as a gcuid foilseachán a phléann conas líon na n-ainmhithe a úsáidtear sa taighde a laghdú. &lt;ref name=&quot;NC3Rs 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://nc3rs.org.uk/news/international-prize-awarded-two-researchers-working-reduce-animal-use|title=International prize awarded to two researchers working to reduce animal use|date=2020-06-10|work=NC3Rs|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2024, fuair sí an &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;Suffrage Science award&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; i gcatagóir na n-eolaíochtaí beatha. &lt;ref name=&quot;LS 2024 awards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.suffragescience.com/copy-of-ls-2020-award-handover|title=Life Sciences 2024 Awards|work=Suffrage Science|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2026, bhronn an Society of Spanish Scientists in the United Kingdom (SRUK/CERU) an gradam ' Emerging Talent Award' uirthi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.redaccionmedica.com/politica/sanidad-hoy/20261030/la-biologa-marta-shahbazi-alonso-entre-los-desaparecidos-del-accidente-ferroviario-de-urda/363953_0.html|title=La bióloga Marta Shahbazi Alonso, entre los desaparecidos del accidente ferroviario de Urda|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=Redacción médica|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; An bhliain chéanna sin, bhronn an Sociedad Española de Biología del Desarrolloronnadh duais José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta uirthi, as sármhaitheas eolaíochta ó Chumann Bitheolaíochta Forbartha na Spáinne. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SEBD 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://sebd.es/novedades-de-la-sociedad/#1767784126221-786461a4-0b7b|title=Novedades de la Sociedad|date=12 September 2026|language=es|work=Sociedad Española de Biología del Desarrollo (SEBD)|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.redaccionmedica.com/politica/sanidad-hoy/20261030/la-biologa-marta-shahbazi-alonso-entre-los-desaparecidos-del-accidente-ferroviario-de-urda/363953_0.html|title=La bióloga Marta Shahbazi Alonso, entre los desaparecidos del accidente ferroviario de Urda|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=Redacción médica|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Foilseacháin roghnaithe ==

* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.protocols.io/view/culture-of-human-embryos-through-implantation-stag-d26e8hbe.pdf|title=Culture of human embryos through implantation stages in vitro|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta|date=2016-05-05|journal=Protocol Exchange|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=2043-0116|doi=10.1038/protex.2016.017|oclc=6035066333}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5049689|title=Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2016|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=18|issue=6|pages=700–708|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/ncb3347|pmc=5049689|pmid=27144686}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5768241|title=Pluripotent state transitions coordinate morphogenesis in mouse and human embryos|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2017-12-14|journal=Nature|volume=552|issue=7684|pages=239–243|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature24675}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Deconstructing and reconstructing the mouse and human early embryo|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2018|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=20|issue=8|pages=878–887|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/s41556-018-0144-x}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8300856|title=Self-organization of stem cells into embryos: A window on early mammalian development|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2019-06-07|journal=Science|volume=364|issue=6444|pages=948–951|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.aax0164|pmc=8300856|pmid=31171690}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=http://www.cell.com/article/S1934590920303544/pdf|title=Introductions to the Community: Early-Career Researchers in the Time of COVID-19|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta|date=2020|journal=Cell Stem Cell|volume=27|issue=2|pages=200–201|accessdate=2026-11-02|doi=10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.016|oclc=9093301588|pmc=7409799|pmid=32763182}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article-pdf/147/14/dev190629/1967449/dev190629.pdf|title=Mechanisms of human embryo development: from cell fate to tissue shape and back|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2020-07-15|journal=Development|volume=147|issue=14|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1477-9129|doi=10.1242/dev.190629|pmc=7375473|pmid=32680920}}
==Naisc sheachtracha==
* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/nov/01/tributes-marta-shahbazi-university-of-cambridge-scientist-spanish-train-crash Ómós léirithe d’eolaí ó Chambridge a bhí ina fhoinse inspioráide agus a fuair bás i dtimpiste traenach sa Spáinn (i mBéarla)]
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1985]]
[[Catagóir:Mná]]</text>
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      <text bytes="11388" sha1="97h0miu64b4msu91t95rp3yz4ori6dp" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Ba [[Bitheolaíocht mhóilíneach|bhitheolaí móilíneach]] [[Spáinnigh|Spáinneach]] í '''Marta Nasila Shahbazi Alonso''' ( [[León]], Iúil 1985 – 28 Deireadh Fómhair, 2026) a bhí i gceannas ar Shaotharlann Shahbazi ag Saotharlann Bitheolaíochta Móilíní den MRC.

== Saol agus gairmré ==
Rugadh í i León sa bhliain 1985, iníon le múinteoir bunscoile i gCarrizo de la Ribera a raibh a hathair ina hIaránach agus a chuaigh ar imircea i ndiaidh [[Réabhlóid na hIaráine]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/08/ciencia/1573233919_379457.html|title=&quot;La gente puede pensar que tenemos casi bebés en el laboratorio, pero son como un grano de arena&quot;|author=Ansede|first=Manuel|date=2019-11-13|language=es|work=El País|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://elpais.com/ciencia/2026-10-30/desaparecida-en-el-accidente-de-trenes-marta-shahbazi-una-de-las-cientificas-espanolas-mas-brillantes.html|title=Desaparecida en el accidente de trenes Marta Shahbazi, una de las científicas españolas más brillantes|author=Ansede|first=Manuel|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=El País|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ollamh taighde le Matamaitic in Ollscoil Náisiúnta Cianoideachais na Spáinne is ea a dheartháir, Carlos Shahbazi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.elmundo.es/ciencia/2026/10/30/6ae4cea5e9cf4a2d718b4574.html|title=Las científicas leonesas Marta Shahbazi Alonso y Tamara González Costa, entre los desaparecidos en el accidente de tren de Urda|author=Guerrero|first=Teresa|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=El Mundo|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/spain-train-crash-sanchez-crisis-7fxdrzgbq|title=Days after Spain crash, Cambridge professor’s family learn she died|author=Gatens|first=Katie|date=2026-11-01|work=The Times and The Sunday Times|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhain sí céim Mháistreachta sa [[Bitheolaíocht mhóilíneach|Bhitheolaíocht Mhóilíneach]] amach ó Roinn na Bitheolaíochta in Ollscoil Uathrialach Mhaidrid, agus an taifead acadúil is fearr aici i measc a chomhghleacaithe a bhí ag baint céime amach ag an am céanna. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot; /&gt; Chríochnaigh sí a tráchtas dochtúireachta ar na meicníochtaí a chaomhnaíonn cruth agus sláine [[Gaschill|gaschealla]] eipideirmeacha ag Ionad Náisiúnta Taighde Ailse na Spáinne faoi mhaoirseacht Mirna Pérez-Moreno. &lt;ref name=&quot;embo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://mrclmb.ac.uk/news-events/articles/marta-shahbazi-joins-embo-young-investigator-programme/|title=Marta Shahbazi joins EMBO Young Investigator Programme|work=mrclmb.ac.uk|publisher=MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology|access-date=2 November 2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrero 2026&quot; /&gt;

Sa bhliain 2014, thosaigh sí ag obair in [[Ollscoil Cambridge]] sa Ríocht Aontaithe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot; /&gt; Sa bhliain 2016, d’éirigh lena foireann suthanna daonna a fhás lasmuigh den útaras ar feadh 13 lá, rud a shocraigh taifead domhanda. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2019&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Shahbazi, Jedrusik, Vuoristo, Recher &amp; al 2016&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5049689|title=Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2016|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=18|issue=6|pages=700–708|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/ncb3347|pmc=5049689|pmid=27144686}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Astorga Digital 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.astorgadigital.com/marta-shahbazi-la-joven-leonesa-que-investiga-el-desarrollo-de-celulas-madre-y-embriones/|title=Marta Shahbazi, la joven leonesa que investiga el desarrollo de células madre y embriones|date=2020-01-15|language=es|work=Astorga Digital|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Feabhra 2020, thosaigh sí ag stiúradh a grúpa taighde féin i Saotharlann na Bitheolaíochta Móilíní in Ollscoil Cambridge. &lt;ref name=&quot;Murphy 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.huntspost.co.uk/news/26687909.cambridge-scientist-killed-deadly-spanish-train-crash/|title=Cambridgeshire scientist dies in high-speed Spanish train crash|author=Murphy|first=Oliver|date=2026-11-01|publisher=The Hunts Post|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Rennolds 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.euronews.com/2026/11/01/university-of-cambridge-scientist-among-victims-of-deadly-spain-train-crash|title=Cambridge University scientist among victims of Spain train crash|author=Rennolds|first=Nathan|date=2026-11-01|publisher=euronews|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'fhéach an grúpa oibre seo le tuiscint níos fearr a fháil ar an gcaoi a dtéann  cealla suthacha in oiriúint chun bheith ina gcodanna sonracha den chorp. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; Bhí sí ina hollamh comhlach den Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. &lt;ref name=&quot;Applegate 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cq5ynzvkn1d8o|title=Cambridge scientist Marta Shahbazi dies in Spanish train crash|author=Applegate|first=Zoe|date=2026-11-01|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Siddique 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/nov/01/tributes-marta-shahbazi-university-of-cambridge-scientist-spanish-train-crash|title=Tributes paid to 'inspiring' Cambridge scientist who died in Spain train crash|author=Siddique|first=Haroon|date=2026-11-01|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2024, chuaigh sí isteach i gClár Taighdeoirí Óga na hEagraíochta Eorpaí um Bhitheolaíocht Mhóilíneach  . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://sruk.org.uk/es/marta-shahbazi-alonso-talento-emergente-sruk-ceru-2026/|title=La Dra. Marta Shahbazi Alonso recibe el Premio al Talento Emergente SRUK/CERU 2026|last=Vicepresident|first=SRUK|date=2026-10-20|language=es-ES|work=CERU|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair sí bás i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 i [[Tubaiste traenach Toledo 2026|dtimpiste traenach Urda]] agus í ag taisteal ar an traein ardluais AVE chun Duais José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta a fháil ó Chumann Bitheolaíochta Forbartha na Spáinne. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rennolds 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Applegate 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Siddique 2026&quot; /&gt;d

== Duaiseanna ==
Sa bhliain 2019, bhronn an Centro Nacional para el Reemplazo, Refinamiento y Reducción de Animales en la Investigación  Duais na 3R ar Shahbazi agus ar an eolaí Francesca Nunn as a gcuid foilseachán a phléann conas líon na n-ainmhithe a úsáidtear sa taighde a laghdú. &lt;ref name=&quot;NC3Rs 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://nc3rs.org.uk/news/international-prize-awarded-two-researchers-working-reduce-animal-use|title=International prize awarded to two researchers working to reduce animal use|date=2020-06-10|work=NC3Rs|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2024, fuair sí an &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;Suffrage Science award&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; i gcatagóir na n-eolaíochtaí beatha. &lt;ref name=&quot;LS 2024 awards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.suffragescience.com/copy-of-ls-2020-award-handover|title=Life Sciences 2024 Awards|work=Suffrage Science|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2026, bhronn an Society of Spanish Scientists in the United Kingdom (SRUK/CERU) an gradam ' Emerging Talent Award' uirthi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.redaccionmedica.com/politica/sanidad-hoy/20261030/la-biologa-marta-shahbazi-alonso-entre-los-desaparecidos-del-accidente-ferroviario-de-urda/363953_0.html|title=La bióloga Marta Shahbazi Alonso, entre los desaparecidos del accidente ferroviario de Urda|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=Redacción médica|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; An bhliain chéanna sin, bhronn an Sociedad Española de Biología del Desarrolloronnadh duais José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta uirthi, as sármhaitheas eolaíochta ó Chumann Bitheolaíochta Forbartha na Spáinne. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ansede 2026&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SEBD 2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://sebd.es/novedades-de-la-sociedad/#1767784126221-786461a4-0b7b|title=Novedades de la Sociedad|date=12 September 2026|language=es|work=Sociedad Española de Biología del Desarrollo (SEBD)|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.redaccionmedica.com/politica/sanidad-hoy/20261030/la-biologa-marta-shahbazi-alonso-entre-los-desaparecidos-del-accidente-ferroviario-de-urda/363953_0.html|title=La bióloga Marta Shahbazi Alonso, entre los desaparecidos del accidente ferroviario de Urda|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=Redacción médica|access-date=2026-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Foilseacháin roghnaithe ==

* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.protocols.io/view/culture-of-human-embryos-through-implantation-stag-d26e8hbe.pdf|title=Culture of human embryos through implantation stages in vitro|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta|date=2016-05-05|journal=Protocol Exchange|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=2043-0116|doi=10.1038/protex.2016.017|oclc=6035066333}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5049689|title=Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2016|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=18|issue=6|pages=700–708|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/ncb3347|pmc=5049689|pmid=27144686}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5768241|title=Pluripotent state transitions coordinate morphogenesis in mouse and human embryos|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2017-12-14|journal=Nature|volume=552|issue=7684|pages=239–243|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature24675}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Deconstructing and reconstructing the mouse and human early embryo|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2018|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=20|issue=8|pages=878–887|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/s41556-018-0144-x}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8300856|title=Self-organization of stem cells into embryos: A window on early mammalian development|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2019-06-07|journal=Science|volume=364|issue=6444|pages=948–951|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.aax0164|pmc=8300856|pmid=31171690}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=http://www.cell.com/article/S1934590920303544/pdf|title=Introductions to the Community: Early-Career Researchers in the Time of COVID-19|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta|date=2020|journal=Cell Stem Cell|volume=27|issue=2|pages=200–201|accessdate=2026-11-02|doi=10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.016|oclc=9093301588|pmc=7409799|pmid=32763182}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article-pdf/147/14/dev190629/1967449/dev190629.pdf|title=Mechanisms of human embryo development: from cell fate to tissue shape and back|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2020-07-15|journal=Development|volume=147|issue=14|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1477-9129|doi=10.1242/dev.190629|pmc=7375473|pmid=32680920}}
==Naisc sheachtracha==
* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/nov/01/tributes-marta-shahbazi-university-of-cambridge-scientist-spanish-train-crash Tributes paid to ‘inspiring’ Cambridge scientist who died in Spain train crash]
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1985]]
[[Catagóir:Mná]]
[[Catagóir:Leathanaigh le haistriúcháin neamh-mheasúnaithe]]</text>
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    <title>Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2026</title>
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      <comment>Leathanach cruthaithe le 'Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026.  Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí  rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36...'</comment>
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      <text bytes="2150" sha1="fxor5ekt1e1dffp3p0xxv57x6z73ujl" xml:space="preserve">Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026.  Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí  rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cúlra ==
Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí  tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí.  Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála.

Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946/
Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:2026]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]]</text>
      <sha1>fxor5ekt1e1dffp3p0xxv57x6z73ujl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331760</id>
      <parentid>1331759</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T23:08:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[2026 Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe]] go [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2026]]</comment>
      <origin>1331759</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2150" sha1="fxor5ekt1e1dffp3p0xxv57x6z73ujl" xml:space="preserve">Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026.  Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí  rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cúlra ==
Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí  tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí.  Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála.

Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946/
Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:2026]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]]</text>
      <sha1>fxor5ekt1e1dffp3p0xxv57x6z73ujl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331762</id>
      <parentid>1331760</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T23:14:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1331762</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2366" sha1="qqw2m5snrz593m56hp0ru8mvc8y9c3n" xml:space="preserve">Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026.  Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí  rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Gas Prices near Adin, California on 09-30-2026.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Bhí praghas an [[Breosla|bhreosla]]  ag cur isteach ar an gcuid is mó den phobal ag an am]]

== Cúlra ==
Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí  tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí.  Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála.

Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946/
Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]]
* [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2022]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:2026]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]]</text>
      <sha1>qqw2m5snrz593m56hp0ru8mvc8y9c3n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331773</id>
      <parentid>1331762</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-04T08:50:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1331773</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2499" sha1="fv5flo0dlbaojj1qqo6cmqbuh4zgydv" xml:space="preserve">Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026.  Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí  rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'éirigh leis an bpáirtí Daonlathach tromlach is ceannas a fháil ar cheachtar de [[Tithe na Comhdhála|Thithe na Comhdhála]]. 
[[Íomhá:Gas Prices near Adin, California on 09-30-2026.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Bhí praghas an [[Breosla|bhreosla]]  ag cur isteach ar an gcuid is mó den phobal ag an am]]

== Cúlra ==
Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí  tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí.  Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála.

Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946/
Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]]
* [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2022]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:2026]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]]</text>
      <sha1>fv5flo0dlbaojj1qqo6cmqbuh4zgydv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331775</id>
      <parentid>1331773</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-04T09:21:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1331775</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3230" sha1="1yan1qdoqwjreg4jru3mb5kbiyaslo0" xml:space="preserve">Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026.  Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí  rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'éirigh leis an bpáirtí Daonlathach tromlach is ceannas a fháil ar cheachtar de [[Tithe na Comhdhála|Thithe na Comhdhála]].  Cuir an ‘Maidhm Ghorm’ seo athrú mór ar an dá bhliain deiridh ag an Uachtarán Trump; chuir sé tús chomh maith le hiomaíocht ghéar chomharbais. 
[[Íomhá:Gas Prices near Adin, California on 09-30-2026.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Bhí praghas an [[Breosla|bhreosla]]  ag cur isteach ar an gcuid is mó den phobal ag an am]]
[[Íomhá:James Talarico on Earning Black Voters’ Trust - The Tashara Parker Show.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: James Talarico, Texas]]
[[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 8.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Abdul El-Sayed, Michigan]]

== Cúlra ==
Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí  tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí.  Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála.

Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946/
Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Torthaí ==

== Iarmhairtí ==
Ní raibh Donald Trump aon dlí a rith tríd an gComhdháil le linn 2027-2028.

Thosaigh neart daoine ag caint faoin té a d’fhéadfadh teacht i ndiaidh Trump mar iarrthóir na bPoblachtánach in 2028 agus cé a bheidh ag na Daonlathaigh ina n-iarracht an Teach Bán a fháil ar ais.

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]]
* [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2022]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:2026]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]]</text>
      <sha1>1yan1qdoqwjreg4jru3mb5kbiyaslo0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2026 Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128781</id>
    <redirect title="Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2026" />
    <revision>
      <id>1331761</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T23:08:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[2026 Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe]] go [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2026]]</comment>
      <origin>1331761</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="51" sha1="k6nq86oc6y9m3v89vguqffu0fdanmr0" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2026]]</text>
      <sha1>k6nq86oc6y9m3v89vguqffu0fdanmr0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tithe na Comhdhála</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128782</id>
    <redirect title="Comhdháil na Stát Aontaithe" />
    <revision>
      <id>1331774</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-04T08:51:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ag athdhíriú go [[Comhdháil na Stát Aontaithe]]</comment>
      <origin>1331774</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="anydfrpscm4eyqdxelzo8hte0xojsux" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh[[Comhdháil na Stát Aontaithe]]</text>
      <sha1>anydfrpscm4eyqdxelzo8hte0xojsux</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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