Vicipéid gawiki https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomhleathanach MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Meán Speisialta Plé Úsáideoir Plé úsáideora Vicipéid Plé Vicipéide Íomhá Plé íomhá MediaWiki Plé MediaWiki Teimpléad Plé teimpléid Cabhair Plé cabhrach Catagóir Plé catagóire TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3828 1331849 1285734 2026-11-05T09:45:00Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1331849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Samhain}} Is é an '''5 Samhain''' an 309ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 310ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 56 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[Eiliosaibeit]], máthair [[Eoin Baiste]] * [[Ríocht Aontaithe]] - ''[[Guy Fawkes]] Night'' == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1778]] — [[Giovanni Battista Belzoni]], ársaitheoir Iodálach (b. [[1823]]) * [[1905]] — [[Joel McCrea]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[1990]]) * [[1906]] — [[Fred Lawrence Whipple]], réalteolaí Meiriceánach (b. [[2004]]) * [[1911]] — [[Roy Rogers]], aisteoir agus amhránaí Meiriceánach * [[1912]] — [[James Hession]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1999]]) * [[1913]] — [[Johnny Geoghegan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1975]]) * [[1913]] — [[Vivien Leigh]], ban-aisteoir Briotanach (b. [[1967]]) * [[1919]] — [[Séamus Ó Tuama]], sceimhlitheoir Éireannach (b. [[1989]]) * [[1931]] — [[Ike Turner]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (b.[[2007]]) * [[1935]] — [[Lester Piggott]], marcach (b. [[2022]]) * [[1941]] — [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]], stiúrthóir scannán Seapánach * [[1948]] — [[William Phillips]], fisiceoir Meiriceánach * [[1952]] — [[Oleh Blokhin]], imreoir sacair Úcránach * [[1953]] — [[Dennis Andries]], dornálaí Guánach * [[1953]] — [[Hugo Pastor Corro]], dornálaí Airgintíneach (b. [[2007]]) * [[1955]] — [[Seán Ó Riain]], taidhleoir Éireannach agus Easparantóir * [[1958]] — [[Robert Patrick]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1959]] — [[Bryan Adams]], amhránaí agus giotáraí Ceanadach * [[1960]] — [[Tilda Swinton]], aisteoir * [[1964]] — [[Famke Janssen]], ban-aisteoir Ísiltíreach * [[1969]] — [[Pat Kilbane]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1974]] — [[Gráinne Seoige]], láithreoir teilifíse * [[1974]] — [[Ryan Adams]], ceoltóir == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1867]] — [[Leopoldo O'Donnell]], uasal Spáinneach (r. [[1809]]) * [[1908]] — [[Andrew Graham (réalteolaí)|Andrew Graham]], réalteolaí Éireannach (r. [[1815]]) * [[1930]] — [[Christiaan Eijkman]], dochtúir Ísiltíreach (r. [[1858]]) * [[1938]] — [[Timothy Sheehy (Corcaigh)|Timothy Sheehy]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1855]]) * [[1944]] — [[Alexis Carrel]], bitheolaí Francach (r. [[1873]]) * [[1951]] — [[Úna Ní Fhaircheallaigh]], scoláire Éireannach (r. [[1874]]) * [[1955]] — [[Maurice Utrillo]], péintéir Francach (r. [[1883]]) * [[1977]] — [[René Goscinny]], cartúnaí Francach (r. [[1926]]) * [[1987]] — [[Eamonn Andrews]], craoltóir (r.[[1922]]) * [[1991]] — [[Fred MacMurray]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1908]]) * [[1998]] — [[Momoko Kōchi]], ban-aisteoir Seapánach (r. [[1932]]) * [[2003]] — [[David Hilditch]], polaiteoir aontachtach (r. [[1963]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1605]] - [[Comhcheilg an Phúdair]]: gabhadh [[Guy Fawkes]] i d[[Tithe na Parlaiminte]] * [[1688]] - Tháinig [[Uilliam Oráiste]] i dtír i m[[Brixham]] le cabhlach Ollannach. Tabharfaidh sé dúshlán [[Séamas II agus VII|Séamas II Shasana]] don choróin * [[1838]] - D'fhógair [[Hondúras]] neamhspleáchas iomlán * [[1872]] - [[Cearta vótála do mhná]] s[[na Stáit Aontaithe]]: vótáil an sufraigéid, [[Susan B. Anthony]], don chéad uair mar sin brís sí an dlí. Gearradh fíneáil $100 uirthi * [[1909]] - D'oscail an chéad siopa [[Woolworths (siopa ilrannach)|Woolworths]] i [[Sasana]] * [[1912]] - Toghadh [[Woodrow Wilson]] ina [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]]. Chloígh sé an sealbhóir, [[William Howard Taft]], sa toghchán * [[1914]] - [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda]]: D'fhógair an [[An Ríocht Aontaithe|Bhreatain]] agus [[An Fhrainc]] cogadh ar [[Impireacht Otamánach]] * [[1917]] - D'éiligh [[Lenin]] [[Réabhlóid Dheireadh Fómhair]] * [[1930]] - Bhuaigh [[Sinclair Lewis]] [[Duais Nobel na Litríochta]] - ba eisean an chéad Meiriceánach an gradam a bhuachan * [[1940]] - Toghadh [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] ina [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] do thríú téarma * [[1943]] - [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]]: buamáladh [[An Vatacáin]] * [[1956]] - [[Géarchéim Shuais]]: tháinig paratrúipéirí Briotanacha agus Francacha san Éigipt * [[1967]] - Maraíodh 90 duine i dtimpiste [[Traein|traenach]] in [[Londain|Oirdheisceart Londan]] * [[1968]] - Toghadh [[Richard Nixon]] ina [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] * [[1996]] - Toghadh [[Bill Clinton]] arís ina [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] * [[2006]] - Tugadh breith bháis ar [[Saddam Hussein]] agus a chomhchosantóirí, [[Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti]] agus [[Awad Hamed al-Bandar]]. * [[2007]] - Nocht [[Google]] a gcóras oibriúcháin do fhóin póca, [[Android]]. * [[2017]] - Mharaigh [[Lámhach Sutherland Springs|Devin Patrick Kelley 26 dhuine agus ghortaigh sé 22]] in eaglais i d[[Texas]] * [[2024]] - Bhuaigh [[Donald Trump]] [[Toghchán Uachtaránachta na Stát Aontaithe 2024]] [[Catagóir:Dátaí|1105]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Samhain, 05]] sr73wykqd355ourblnstong8ojjq6g6 0 5951 1331786 1331777 2026-11-04T13:56:00Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1331786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Samhain}} Is é an '''4 Samhain''' an 308ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 309ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 57 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[Panama]] - ''Lá na mBratach'' == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1790]] — [[Carlos Antonio López]], polaiteoir as Paragua (b.[[1862]]) * [[1832]] — [[Iago ap Ieuan]], ceoltóir agus cruitire Breatnach (b. [[1902]]) * [[1872]] — [[John O'Hanlon]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1956]]) * [[1918]] — [[Art Carney]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2003]]) * [[1932]] — [[Tommy Makem]], ceoltóir Éireannach (b.[[2007]]) * [[1951]] — [[Traian Băsescu]], polaiteoir Rómáineach * [[1955]] — [[Matti Vanhanen]], príomh-aire na Fionlainne * [[1957]] — [[Dónall Ó Cualáin]], garda Éireannach * [[1957]] — [[Tony Abbott]], polaiteoir Astrálach agus 28ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile * [[1969]] — [[Matthew McConaughey]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1969]] — [[Sean Combs|Sean John "Puff Daddy" Combs]], léiritheoir agus ceoltóir rap * [[1972]] — [[Luís Figo]], imreoir sacair * [[1974]] — [[Michael Bauer]], saineolaí ar Ghaeilge na hAlban * [[1989]] — [[Holly Cairns]], polaiteoir Éireannach * [[1989]] — [[Seán Cúipéir]], imreoir peil Ghaelach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1847]] — [[Felix Mendelssohn]], 38, cumadóir ceoil (r.[[1809]]) * [[1856]] — [[Paul Delaroche|Hippolyte Paul Delaroche]], péintéir Francach (r. [[1797]]) * [[1984]] — [[Fintan Coogan, Mór]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1910]]) * [[1985]] — [[Cus D'Amato]], traenálaí dornálaíochta Meiriceánach (r. [[1908]]) * [[1995]] — [[Gilles Deleuze]], fealsamh Francach (r.[[1925]]) * [[1995]] — [[Yitzhak Rabin]], 73, saighdiúir agus polaiteoir (r.[[1922]]) * [[2019]] — [[Gay Byrne]], láithreoir teilifíse (r. [[1934]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1492]] - Tháinig [[Críostóir Colambas]] ag [[Oileáin na Fothana]] * [[1677]] - Phós [[Máire II Shasana|Máire]] agus [[Uilliam Oráiste]] * [[1922]] - Fuair [[Howard Carter]] an tslí isteach don tuama [[Tútancáman|Tútancámain]] i n[[Gleann na Ríthe]] * [[1936]] - [[Cogadh Cathartha na Spáinne]]: d'athraigh [[Francisco Largo Caballero]] a chomh-aireacht chogaidh agus d'áitigh sé ar an ''[[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]]'' dul sa rialtas * [[1942]] - [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]]: rinne [[Erwin Rommel]] neamhaird d'ordú díreach de chuid [[Adolf Hitler]] nuair a thosaigh sé cúlú a fhórsaí i ndiaidh caillte chostasaigh ag [[Dara cath an El Alamein]]. Mhairfeadh an cúlú 5 mhí. * [[1956]] - Chuaigh trúpaí [[An tAontas Sóivéadach|Sóivéadacha]] s[[an Ungáir]] chun [[Réabhlóid na hUngáire 1956|an réabhlóid]] a chríochnú a thosaigh ar 23 Deireadh Fómhair. Maraíodh na mílte agus d'fhág thart ar cheathrú milliúin duine an tír * [[1970]] - Thosaigh [[Salvador Allende]] a théarma mar Uachtarán na Sile. B'eisean an chéad Uachtarán [[Marxachas|Marxach]] i [[Meiriceá Laidineach]] a bheith tofa trí thoghchán oscailte * [[1980]] - Bhuaigh [[Ronald Reagan]] ar an sealbhóir [[Jimmy Carter]] i dtoghchán na huachtaránachta * [[1995]] - D'fheallmharaigh [[Siónachas mar choilíneachas lonnaitheoirí|Síónach antoisceach]], Yigal Amir, an Príomh-Aire Iosrael, [[Yitzhak Rabin]]. * [[2001]] - Bunaíodh [[Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann]] agus tháinig an fórsa nua seo in ionad [[Constáblacht Ríoga Uladh|Chonstáblacht Ríoga Uladh]] * [[2008]] - Bhuaigh [[Barack Obama]] toghchán uachtaránachta [[na Stáit Aontaithe|Mheiriceá]]. Is eisean an chéad [[Daoine gorma|duine gorm]] a bheith ina [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] * [[2024]] - Bhuaigh [[Zohran Mamdani]] toghchán an mhéara i g[[Cathair Nua-Eabhrac]] [[Catagóir:Dátaí|1104]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Samhain, 04]] qoa75044gal3dl94wmsjt9usxm7dt9c 0 6300 1331789 1331776 2026-11-04T16:11:53Z Ériugena 188 1331789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Glanadh-mar|tá tagairtí ag teastáil ag an alt seo}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Bithcheimiceoir]] agus fiseolaí Eilvéiseach ab ea '''Emil Abderhalden''' (9 Márta 1877 – 5 Lúnasa 1950). Cé go raibh a phríomhthorthaí faoi dhíospóid chomh fada siar leis na 1910idí, níor diúltaíodh dóibh go hiomlán go dtí deireadh na 1990idí. Cibé an raibh a chuid torthaí míthreoracha bunaithe ar chalaois nó go simplí mar thoradh ar easpa déine eolaíoch fós doiléir. Rinne duine dá chuid mac léinn cur síos den chéad uair ar phiostal triomaithe Abderhalden, a úsáideadh sa cheimic, i dtéacsleabhar a chuir Abderhalden in eagar.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] | work = Chemistry World | date =February 2009 | teideal = Classic Kit: Abderhalden's drying pistol | author = Andrea Sella | url = http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/Issues/2009/February/AbderhaldensDryingPistol.asp}}</ref> ==Beathaisnéis== Rugadh Emil Abderhalden in Oberuzwil i gCantún Naomh Gallen san Eilvéis. Bhog sé go Basel chun staidéar a dhéanamh in Ollscoil Basel. Le linn a thréimhse i mBasel, chuaigh sé isteach sa chlub rámhaíochta agus bhí sé ar dhuine de bhunaitheoirí FC Basel. Bhí aon fhear déag i láthair ag an gcruinniú chun *Fussball Club Basel* a bhunú ar an 15 Samhain 1893.<ref name="fcb-achiv-">{{cite web | last = Verein "Basler Fussballarchiv” | authorlink = | year = | url = https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/verein/die-gruender | teideal = Die Gründer | format = | publisher = Verein "Basler Fussballarchiv” | accessdate = 16 November 2020}}</ref> D'imir Abderhalden a chéad chluiche don chlub i gcluiche baile sa Stadion Schützenmatte ar 22 Meán Fómhair 1894; cluiche inar bhuaigh Basel 2–0 ar FC Gymnasia.<ref name="fcb-achiv-fcb-gymnasia-1894/95">{{cite web | last = Verein "Basler Fussballarchiv” | authorlink = | year = | url = https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28505 | teideal = FC Basel - FC Gymnasia (Gough's Team) 2:0 | format = | publisher = Verein "Basler Fussballarchiv” | accessdate = 16 November 2020}}</ref> D'fhág Abderhalden an club i mí Eanáir 1895 .<ref name="TagesWoche-Die Geburtsstunde des FCB">{{cite web | first = Christoph | last = Kieslich | authorlink = | date = 15 November 2013 | url = https://tageswoche.ch/sport/vor-120-jahren-die-geburtsstunde-des-fcb/ | teideal = Die Geburtsstunde des FCB | format = | work = The hour of FC Basel's birth | publisher = TagesWoche | accessdate = 16 November 2020}}</ref> Rinne Abderhalden staidéar ar an leigheas in Ollscoil Basel agus bhain sé céim dochtúireachta amach sa bhliain 1902.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Simon |first=Christian |date=2009 |teideal=Aus der Geschichte der Universität Basel |url=https://schwabe.ch/produkttypen/zeitschriften/basler-zeitschrift-fuer-geschichte-und-altertumskunde/ |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde |publisher=[[Schwabe Verlag]] |pages=13 |language=de}}</ref> Ina dhiaidh sin, rinne sé staidéar i saotharlann Emil Fischer agus d’oibrigh sé in Ollscoil Bheirlín. Sa bhliain 1911, bhog sé go hOllscoil Halle agus mhúin sé fiseolaíocht sa scoil leighis.<ref>[[Chambers Biographical Dictionary]], {{ISBN|0-550-18022-2}}, page 2</ref> Ó 1931 go 1950, bhí sé ina uachtarán ar Acadamh na nEolaithe Nádúrtha Gearmánacha, *Leopoldina*.. Sa bhliain 1936 ceapadh é ina bhall den Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze..<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.casinapioiv.va/content/accademia/en/academicians/deceased/abderhalden.html | teideal=Emil Abderhalden}}</ref> Le linn [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|an Chéad Chogaidh Dhomhanda]], bhunaigh sé ospidéal do pháistí agus d'eagraigh sé leanaí míchothaithe a aistriú go dtí an Eilvéis. Ina dhiaidh sin, d’fhill sé ar a chuid taighde sa cheimic fhiseolaíoch agus thosaigh sé ag déanamh staidéir ar mheitibileacht agus ar cheimic an bhia. Tar éis an Dara Cogadh Domhanda, d’fhill Abderhalden ar an Eilvéis sa bhliain 1945. Mhúin sé an cheimic fhiseolaíoch in Ollscoil Zurich, áit a tháinig sé i gcomharbacht ar Bonifaz Flaschenträger, a bhí air imeacht mar gheall ar a bhallraíocht san NSDAP.<ref>Simon, Christian (2009).pp.13–14</ref> He died there at age 73. The minor planet [[15262&nbsp;Abderhalden]] was named in his honour.<ref name="asteroid-Abderhalden" /> Fuair sé bás ansin agus é 73 bliain d’aois. Ainmníodh an pláinéad beag *15262 Abderhalden* ina onóir.<ref name="asteroid-Abderhalden" /> ==Obair eolaíoch agus conspóid== Tá cáil ar Abderhalden as tástáil fola le haghaidh toirchis, tástáil le haghaidh cistine i bhfual, agus as cur síos a dhéanamh ar shiondróm Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac, riocht géiniteach cúlaitheach. Rinne sé obair fhairsing in anailís próitéiní, polaipeiptídí, agus einsímí. De réir a theoirice faoi *Abwehrfermente* (" einsímí cosantacha ") spreagann dúshlán imdhíoneolaíoch táirgeadh próitéáisí. Is cosúil go raibh sé seo "cruthaithe" ag go leor comhoibrithe san Eoraip, cé gur theip ar iarrachtaí an teoiric a fhíorú thar lear. == Naisc sheachtracha == == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Síol-beath-ch}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abderhalden, Emil}} [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1950|Abderhalden, Emil]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1877|Abderhalden, Emil]] [[Catagóir:An Eilvéis]] [[Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí Eilvéiseacha]] ps4hq4m2wn7u4oxl5xmajvdiyo32cb9 1331790 1331789 2026-11-04T16:14:53Z Ériugena 188 1331790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Bithcheimiceoir]] agus fiseolaí Eilvéiseach ab ea '''Emil Abderhalden''' (9 Márta 1877 – 5 Lúnasa 1950). Cé go raibh a phríomhthorthaí faoi dhíospóid chomh fada siar leis na 1910idí, níor diúltaíodh dóibh go hiomlán go dtí deireadh na 1990idí. Cibé an raibh a chuid torthaí míthreoracha bunaithe ar chalaois nó go simplí mar thoradh ar easpa déine eolaíoch fós doiléir. Rinne duine dá chuid mac léinn cur síos den chéad uair ar phiostal triomaithe Abderhalden, a úsáideadh sa cheimic, i dtéacsleabhar a chuir Abderhalden in eagar.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] | work = Chemistry World | date =February 2009 | teideal = Classic Kit: Abderhalden's drying pistol | author = Andrea Sella | url = http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/Issues/2009/February/AbderhaldensDryingPistol.asp}}</ref> ==Beathaisnéis== Rugadh Emil Abderhalden in Oberuzwil i gCantún Naomh Gallen san Eilvéis. Bhog sé go Basel chun staidéar a dhéanamh in Ollscoil Basel. Le linn a thréimhse i mBasel, chuaigh sé isteach sa chlub rámhaíochta agus bhí sé ar dhuine de bhunaitheoirí FC Basel. Bhí aon fhear déag i láthair ag an gcruinniú chun *Fussball Club Basel* a bhunú ar an 15 Samhain 1893.<ref name="fcb-achiv-">{{cite web | last = Verein "Basler Fussballarchiv” | authorlink = | year = | url = https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/verein/die-gruender | teideal = Die Gründer | format = | publisher = Verein "Basler Fussballarchiv” | accessdate = 16 November 2020}}</ref> D'imir Abderhalden a chéad chluiche don chlub i gcluiche baile sa Stadion Schützenmatte ar 22 Meán Fómhair 1894; cluiche inar bhuaigh Basel 2–0 ar FC Gymnasia.<ref name="fcb-achiv-fcb-gymnasia-1894/95">{{cite web | last = Verein "Basler Fussballarchiv” | authorlink = | year = | url = https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28505 | teideal = FC Basel - FC Gymnasia (Gough's Team) 2:0 | format = | publisher = Verein "Basler Fussballarchiv” | accessdate = 16 November 2020}}</ref> D'fhág Abderhalden an club i mí Eanáir 1895 .<ref name="TagesWoche-Die Geburtsstunde des FCB">{{cite web | first = Christoph | last = Kieslich | authorlink = | date = 15 November 2013 | url = https://tageswoche.ch/sport/vor-120-jahren-die-geburtsstunde-des-fcb/ | teideal = Die Geburtsstunde des FCB | format = | work = The hour of FC Basel's birth | publisher = TagesWoche | accessdate = 16 November 2020}}</ref> Rinne Abderhalden staidéar ar an leigheas in Ollscoil Basel agus bhain sé céim dochtúireachta amach sa bhliain 1902.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Simon |first=Christian |date=2009 |teideal=Aus der Geschichte der Universität Basel |url=https://schwabe.ch/produkttypen/zeitschriften/basler-zeitschrift-fuer-geschichte-und-altertumskunde/ |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde |publisher=[[Schwabe Verlag]] |pages=13 |language=de}}</ref> Ina dhiaidh sin, rinne sé staidéar i saotharlann Emil Fischer agus d’oibrigh sé in Ollscoil Bheirlín. Sa bhliain 1911, bhog sé go hOllscoil Halle agus mhúin sé fiseolaíocht sa scoil leighis.<ref>[[Chambers Biographical Dictionary]], {{ISBN|0-550-18022-2}}, page 2</ref> Ó 1931 go 1950, bhí sé ina uachtarán ar Acadamh na nEolaithe Nádúrtha Gearmánacha, *Leopoldina*.. Sa bhliain 1936 ceapadh é ina bhall den Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze..<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.casinapioiv.va/content/accademia/en/academicians/deceased/abderhalden.html | teideal=Emil Abderhalden}}</ref> Le linn [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|an Chéad Chogaidh Dhomhanda]], bhunaigh sé ospidéal do pháistí agus d'eagraigh sé leanaí míchothaithe a aistriú go dtí an Eilvéis. Ina dhiaidh sin, d’fhill sé ar a chuid taighde sa cheimic fhiseolaíoch agus thosaigh sé ag déanamh staidéir ar mheitibileacht agus ar cheimic an bhia. Tar éis an Dara Cogadh Domhanda, d’fhill Abderhalden ar an Eilvéis sa bhliain 1945. Mhúin sé an cheimic fhiseolaíoch in Ollscoil Zurich, áit a tháinig sé i gcomharbacht ar Bonifaz Flaschenträger, a bhí air imeacht mar gheall ar a bhallraíocht san NSDAP.<ref>Simon, Christian (2009).pp.13–14</ref> He died there at age 73. The minor planet [[15262&nbsp;Abderhalden]] was named in his honour.<ref name="asteroid-Abderhalden" /> Fuair sé bás ansin agus é 73 bliain d’aois. Ainmníodh an pláinéad beag *15262 Abderhalden* ina onóir.<ref name="asteroid-Abderhalden" /> ==Obair eolaíoch agus conspóid== Tá cáil ar Abderhalden as tástáil fola le haghaidh toirchis, tástáil le haghaidh cistine i bhfual, agus as cur síos a dhéanamh ar shiondróm Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac, riocht géiniteach cúlaitheach. Rinne sé obair fhairsing in anailís próitéiní, polaipeiptídí, agus einsímí. De réir a theoirice faoi *Abwehrfermente* (" einsímí cosantacha ") spreagann dúshlán imdhíoneolaíoch táirgeadh próitéáisí. Is cosúil go raibh sé seo "cruthaithe" ag go leor comhoibrithe san Eoraip, cé gur theip ar iarrachtaí an teoiric a fhíorú thar lear. == Naisc sheachtracha == == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Síol-beath-ch}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abderhalden, Emil}} [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1950|Abderhalden, Emil]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1877|Abderhalden, Emil]] [[Catagóir:An Eilvéis]] [[Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí Eilvéiseacha]] apgx70p26gcrf7t3ny1789hddv60l44 0 7924 1331787 1331778 2026-11-04T13:56:47Z Conradder 34685 Cealaíodh athruithe [[Special:Contributions/~2026-58581-50|~2026-58581-50]] ([[User talk:~2026-58581-50|Plé]]); ar ais chuig leagan le [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] 1329831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Is baile fearainn agus [[nua-Ghaeltacht]] é '''Ráth Chairn,'''<ref name='Logainm'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166593|title=Ráth Chairn/Rathcarran {{!}} logainm.ie|publisher=[[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]]|access-date=2024-11-05|language=ga|work=[[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (Logainm.ie)}}</ref> suite i g[[Contae na Mí]], i ngar do [[Baile Átha Buí|Bhaile Átha Buí]]. Cheannaigh [[Coimisiún Talún na hÉireann]] tailte sa cheantar agus sna 1930idí, i ngreim ag an mbochtaineacht, thug muintir Chonamara a n-aghaidh ar Ráth Chairn. B'é an plean a bhí ag [[Saorstát Éireann]] ná an bochtanas a mhaolú agus cainteoirí dúchasacha a aistriú go machairí méithe, áit a mbeadh níos mó barr le baint as an talamh. [[Íomhá:Aire leanai.JPG|clé|mion|"Aire - leanai", An scoil]] [[Íomhá:An Halla Rath Cairn.jpg|clé|mion|An Halla, Ráth Chairn]] == An Baile == Tá lárionad pobail agus clubtheach (An Bradán Feasa), meánscoil, lárionad fiontraíochta, eaglais Chaitliceach agus áiseanna eile lena n-áirítear grúpscéim uisce, siopa, bialann, páirc imeartha, agus ionad taispeántais ann i Ráth Chairn. Tá [[Foras na Gaeilge]], [[Glór na nGael]] agus [[Scun Scan]] lonnaithe ann freisin.[[Íomhá:Tamworth Canada Gaeltacht sign.JPG|clé|mion]] == Stair == Feachtas in éadan na bochtaineachta i gConamara ba ea "[[an Turas Aniar]]" sa bhliain 1934. Chuaigh scaifte daoine as Gaeltacht Chonamara ar rothair suas go Baile Átha Cliath. ‘An Turas Aniar’ a thug siad ar an turas seo. Bhí siad ag iarraidh saol níos fearr dóibh féin agus dá dteaghlaigh.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cartlann.ie/exhibits/show/cursai_spoirt/an-turas-aniar|teideal=An Turas Aniar · Cúrsaí Spóirt in Irisí an Phléaráca · Cartlann Ghaeltacht Chonamara|work=www.cartlann.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329140517/https://www.cartlann.ie/exhibits/show/cursai_spoirt/an-turas-aniar|archivedate=2024-03-29}}</ref> Shroich na fir Baile Átha Cliath ar an 29 Márta 1934 le bualadh leis an Taoiseach [[Eamon de Valera|Éamon de Valera]] agus talamh agus cearta á n-éileamh acu. D’iarr na fir air cuairt a thabhairt ar Chonamara go bhfeicfeadh sé an drochstaid ina raibh na daoine.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/%C3%89amon%20de%20Valera.pdf|teideal=Beatha le Bua / Éamon de Valera|údar=ccea.org.uk|dátarochtana=2024|archivedate=2021-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829223620/https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset-im/Resource/%C3%89amon%20de%20Valera.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/gailearai-pictiuir-as-leabhar-nua-matt-nolan-faoi-mhuintir-rath-chairn-agus-chonamara/|teideal=GAILEARAÍ: Léargas trí lionsa Matt Nolan ar scéal agus ar phobal Ráth Chairn…|dáta=2018-12-07|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-29}}</ref> An bhliain dár gcionn, ar an 12 Aibreán 1935, thug muintir Chonamara a n-aghaidh ar Ráth Chairn don chéad uair. Seacht gclann is fiche as Conamara a chur fúthu ag an am; d'aistrigh an [[rialtas]] 443 duine as Conamara go Ráth Chairn leis an talamh a thabhairt chun míntíreachais thall ansin. Fuair siad feirmeacha agus scoil náisiúnta (Scoil Uí Ghrámhnaigh) ansin. Fuair gach teaghlach teach nua, 22 acra talún, beostoc agus uirlisí feirmeoireachta.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theirishstory.com/2012/07/13/rath-cairn-land-reform-language-politics-in-the-irish-free-state/|teideal=Ráthcairn: Land & Language Reform In The Irish Free State – The Irish Story|údar=Barry Sheppard|dáta=2014|language=en-IE|dátarochtana=2024-03-29}}</ref> Mar chuid den scéim seo a thionscain an coiste 'Muintir na Gaeltachta' (faoi stiúir [[Mháirtín Uí Chadhain]] agus Choimisiún na Talún), d'aistrigh 40 teaghlach idir 1935 agus 1937 ó "cheantair chúnga" i gConamara go dtí na bailte fearainn seo: Ráth Chairn, Laimbé, Driseog, Tulach na nÓg, Baile Mhistéala agus Doire Longain.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cartlann.ie/items/browse?page=236&sort_field=Dublin+Core,Title&sort_dir=d|teideal=Brabhsáil Míreanna · Cartlann Ghaeltacht Chonamara|language=ga|work=www.cartlann.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329140515/https://www.cartlann.ie/items/browse?page=236&sort_field=Dublin+Core,Title&sort_dir=d|archivedate=2024-03-29}}</ref>[[Íomhá:Giving way to Irish in the Baile Ghib Gaeltacht - geograph.org.uk - 704757.jpg|mion|Baile Ghib]] Lean na daoine leo ag labhairt na Gaeilge go nádúrtha, ach thóg sé na blianta fada orthu stádas oifigiúil Gaeltachta a bhaint amach. Tháinig coilíneacht eile den chineál chéanna ar an bhfód i m[[Baile Ghib]] sa chontae céanna, ach níor éirigh léi chomh maith le Ráth Chairn, ós rud é nár tháinig lucht an mhíntíreachais ansin ón áit chéanna ar dtús. Bhronn an Rialtas stádas oifigiúil ar Ráth Chairn agus ar Bhaile Ghib sa bhliain [[1967]], tar éis feachtais chearta sibhialta a d'eagraigh Craobh Cearta Sibhialta na Gaeltachta, Ráth Chairn.<ref>gaelport.com <nowiki>http://www.gaelport.com/sonrai-nuachta?NewsItemID=2582%5B%5D</nowiki> (Dúnadh gaelport.com in 2014)</ref> Sa bhliain 1973 a bunaíodh Comharchumann Ráth Chairn chun pleanáil agus forbairt a dhéanamh don cheantar. Is iad na "coilíneachtaí"<ref>Tugadh "coilíneachtaí" orthu sna 1930idí</ref> seo i g[[Cúige Laighean]] an t-aon cheantar oifigiúil Gaeltachta in oirthear na tíre. Is í [[Gaeilge Chonnacht]] an chanúint a labhraítear i n[[Gaeltacht na Mí]], ó tháinig an chuid ba mhó den phobal as Conamara. Chuaigh canúintí dúchasacha Ghaeilge Laighean in éag thart ar céad bliain ó shin. == Daoine == Tháinig daoine mór le rá i saol na Gaeilge as Gaeltacht na Mí. Is as Ráth Chairn do [[Bláthnaid Ní Chofaigh|Bhláthnaid Ní Chofaigh]], agus is as ceantar Bhaile Ghib do [[Hector Ó hEochagáin]]. Láithreoirí iad an bheirt acu, agus iad ag obair do [[RTÉ]], ach bíonn Hector le feiceáil go minic ar [[TG4]] chomh maith. Cé gur rugadh [[Darach Ó Catháin]] i Maimín, Conamara, tógadh i Ráth Chairn é. Bhí Darach ar dhuine de phríomhamhránaithe sean-nóis a linne. Deir neart daoine gurbh é ab fhearr. I measc na n-amhrán atá le fáil ar a dhlúthdhiosca 'Darach Ó Catháin' tá 'Amhrán na Japs', leagan damanta de 'Oró Sé do Bheatha 'bhaile' agus 'Caisleán Uí Néill'. Tá an dlúthdhiosca sin ar fáil ó [[Gael Linn|Ghael Linn]]. Is as Dún Doire (gar go leor do Ráth Chairn) don [[amhránaí]] agus [[múinteoir]] [[Nollaig Ní Laoire]]. == Seirbhísí Foghlama Teanga == Eagraítear go leor cúrsaí do dhaoine atá ag iarraidh Gaeilge a fhoghlaim i Ráth Chairn. I measc na ndreamanna sin a eagraíonn cúrsaí ann tá [[Gael Linn]]. Tá nasc déanta ag [[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Maigh Nuad]] le Ráth Chairn agus cuirtear cúrsaí teastais oíche ar siúl i rith an gheimhridh do dhaoine a bhfuil Gaeilge acu atá ina gcónaí i bhfoisceacht fiche míle den cheantar. == Íomhánna == <gallery> Image:An_siopa.JPG| An Siopa Image:An_bredan_feasa.JPG|An Bradán Feasa Image:An Halla Rath Cairn.jpg| An Halla Image:An_scoil_Rath_Cairn.jpg| An Scoil Náisiúnta </gallery> == Féach freisin == * [[An Turas Aniar|''An Turas Aniar'']] * [[Coimisiún Talún na hÉireann]] * [[Gaeltacht Bhaile Ghib]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [https://www.rathchairn.com www.rathchairn.com] * [https://www.facebook.com/gaeltachtadh/?locale=cy_GB Caomhnú Ráth Chairn] ar Facebook {{DEFAULTSORT:Rath Cairn}} [[Catagóir:Bailte i gContae na Mí]] [[Catagóir:Gaeltacht na Mí]] h1mufh0vy3o83hzngm05xzypjfo4p8a 0 25395 1331818 1288939 2026-11-04T20:40:19Z Kent Wang 77616 Nuashonraigh grianghraf na heaglaise 1331818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Íomhá:AntoniusGreco17.jpg|mion|clé|Naomh Antaine]]{{Glanadh}} Ba [[sagart|shagart]] [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] agus bráthair den [[Proinsiasaigh|Ord Proinsiasach]] é '''Antaine Naofa''' ([[1195]] – [[13 Meitheamh]] [[1231]]) nó ''Fernando Martins de Bulhoes'' mar a bhí aithne air. Bhí iomrá air de thoradh a chuid seanmóireachta den scoth agus a chuid saineolais ar na Scrioptúir. Fógraíodh mar naomh é beagnach láithreach tar éis a bháis. Ainmníodh é mar [[Dochtúir an Eaglais|Dhochtúir na hEaglaise]] sa bhliain [[1946]]. == Luathshaol == Rugadh Fernando Martins de Bulhões i [[Liospóin]] [[An Phortaingéil|na Portaingéile]] go Martin Vicente de Bulhões agus Teresa Pais Taveira. Deartháir ab ea a hathair de Pedro Martins de Bulhões, sinsearach an teaghlach Bulhão. Bhí an teaghlach uasal an-saibhir, agus shocraigh siad é a bheidh teagasctha ag an scoil ardeaglais áitiúil. [[File:La_casa_natale_di_S._Antonio_da_Padova_-_panoramio.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:La_casa_natale_di_S._Antonio_da_Padova_-_panoramio.jpg|clé|mion|160x160px|áit bhreithe i [[Liospóin]].]] I gcoinne an toil a theaghlach, áfach, chuaigh Fernando isteach an pobal an Canónaigh Rialta ag an Abtheach an Naomh Uinseann ar an mbruach Liospóin. Ba aithnidiúil iad na Canónaigh de thoradh a ndíograis go oideachais agus chur an óige go príomhionad léann, an Abtheach an Crois Naofa i gCoimbra. Ansin rinne an Fernando óg staidéar ar [[diagacht]] agus [[Laidin]]. == Na Proinsiasaigh == [[File:West facade of Igreja de Santo António de Lisboa 35.jpg|clé|mion|240x240px|áit bhreithe i [[Liospóin]]]] Tar éis a oirnithe, chur Fernando i gceannais ar aíocht den abhteach. I rith na tréimhse seo, sa bhliain [[1219]], rinne sé teagmháil le cúigear manaigh Proinsiasach a bhí ag taistil go [[Maracó]] chun craobhscaoil an soiscéal go dtí na Moslamaigh ansin. Bhí suim go mór ag Fernando sa stíl mhaireachtála simplí na manaigh, a ord a raibh bunaithe aon bhliain déag níos luaithe. San Fheabhra, an bhliain i ndiaidh, sroich gáir go raibh na cúigear Proinsiasach martraithe i Maracó, an chéad a bheith maraithe ina ord nua. Tar éis a gcoirp a fheiceáil mar bhí siad próisithe ar ais go Assisi, rinne Fernando machnamh ar an crógacht na fir seo. Spreagtha lena sampla agus ag dúil tíolacadh an mairtíreacht, fuair sé cead as na údaráis eaglaise chun Canónaigh Agaistíneach a fhágáil agus an ord Proinsiasach a bhaint in áit de. Tar éis a iontrálacha go beatha na manaigh, bhaint se díthreabhacht bheag in Olivais, ag glacadh an ainm Antaine (as an séipéal suite ansin, tíolactha go Naomh Antaine Mór), as sin amach bhí an aithne air leis an ainm sin.<ref>José Manuel Azevedo Silva (2011), p.1</ref> Ar a thuras ann, tiománadh a [[long]] le stoirm go dtí an cósta [[an tSicil]] agus tháinig se i dtír ag [[Messina]]. As an tSicil, chuaigh sé go [[an Tuscáin|Tuscáin]], ina raibh chuir sé go clochar an ord, ach bhuail sé le deacracht ar an cuntas a dealramh easláinteach. Chuir sé sa deireadh, amach den atrua, go dtí ospís tuaithe an San Paolo i ngar [[Forlì]], Romagna, rogha déanta de thoradh a sláinte bhocht. Is ann a bhí sé ina chonai mar dhíthreabhach, de réir dealramh, agus thosaigh sé ag obair sa chistin. Ba chumas air a sháith am a chaitheamh i príobháid ag urnaí agus ag staidéar. [[File:Saint_Antony_of_Padua_holding_Baby_Jesus_mg_0165.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Antony_of_Padua_holding_Baby_Jesus_mg_0165.jpg|clé|mion|Strozzi, c. 1625<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bernardo Strozzi|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernardo_Strozzi&oldid=879292707|journal=Wikipedia|date=2019-01-20|language=en}}</ref>]] == Seanmóireacht agus Teagasc == Lá amháin, i mbun oirniú, bhí ann líon mór cuartaíocht bráithre Doiminiceach, agus bhí míthuiscint ina measc faoi cén duine ba chóir go ndéanann seanmóireacht. Bhí ag súil leis go nádúrtha ag na Proinsiasaigh go mbeadh ceann acu ghabh seilbh ar an bpuilpid, toisc go raibh siad aithnidiúil lena chuid seanmóireacht; tháinig na Doiminicigh, ar an lámh eile, mí-ullmhaithe, ag smaoineamh go dtabharfadh Proinsiasach an homaile. San fhadhb sin, chur iarraidh ceannasaí an díseart, nach raibh [[manach]] fóirsteanach ar bith aige den ócáid, ar Antaine, duine a bhí an tuairim ag an ceannasaí a raibh níos cáilithe, a labhair cibé ba chóir go cuireann [[an Spiorad Naomh]] ina bhéal. Agóid Antaine in aghaidh, ach bhí sé curtha ar neamhní, agus chruthaigh a homaile imprisean mór. Níl amháin a ghuth saibhir agus modh mórthaibhseach ach an téama ar fad, agus substaint an aitheasc agus a deaslabharthacht corraitheach, choinnigh sé an aird a éisteoirí. [[Íomhá:Simone Martini 048.jpg|clé|150px|thumb|Naomh Antaine agus [[San Proinsias Assisi|Naomh Proinsias Assisi]]]] Ar an phointe sin, bhí Antaine coimisiúnaithe le Bráthair Gratian, an Ministir Proibhinse áitiúil, seanmóireacht a dhéanamh den [[Soiscéal]] tríd ceantar [[an Lombaird]], san [[An Iodáil|Iodáil]] thuaidh. I rith an am seo, thug [[San Proinsias Assisi|Proinsias Assisi]] faoi deara é. Ní raibh muinín ar bith ag Proinsias ar an áit léann diagach sa bheatha a bhráithreachas, le faitíos d'fhéadfadh sé iad a threorú chuig tréigean a dtiomantas go dtí beatha fíor-bhochtanas. In Antaine, áfach, d'aimsigh sé duine a raibh barrshamhail céanna aige, a raibh ábalta freisin teagasc a sholáthair lena baill óg den ord a bhí gá acu a bheadh oirniú a chuardaigh uathu. Thug sé freagracht an oideachais a bhráithre go cúram Bráthair Antaine. As sin amach, úsáidtear an Eaglais scileanna Antaine. Thóg se post eile uaireanta, mar [[Múinteoir|mhúinteoir]], ag na ollscoileanna na [[Montpellier]] agus [[Toulouse]] san [[an Fhrainc|Fhrainc theas]], ach bhí sé mar seanmóirí ina fhoilsiú a thallann den scoth. In 1226, tar éis freastail an Caibidil Ginearálta ina ord ag Arles, an Fhrainc, agus ag déanamh seanmóireacht sa réigiún Francach an Provence, d'fhill Antaine go [[an Iodáil]] agus d'fhreastail mar thoscaire as an Caibidil Ginearálta go dtí an [[Pápa Gréagóir IX]]. Ag cúirt an Phápa, bhí a sheanmóireacht fógartha mar “seodbhosca an Bíobla” agus bhí sé coimisiúnaithe a thabhairt ar láimh a bhailiúchán homailí. [[File:Anthony_pereda.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_pereda.jpg|clé|mion|Antonio de Pereda<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Antonio de Pereda|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonio_de_Pereda&oldid=860792211|journal=Wikipedia|date=2018-09-23|language=en}}</ref>]] Tháinig tinneas ar Antaine le Edema agus, i 1231, chuaigh sé go an cúlráideacht coillearnach ag Camposampiero leis beirt manaigh eile do faoiseamh. Ansin chónaigh Antaine i gcill tógtha do faoi chraobhacha crann gallchnó. Fuair Antaine bás ar an slí ar ais go Padua ar an 13 Meitheamh 1231 ag an Mainistir Cláiríní ag Arcella. Bhí sé 36 bliain d'aois. . Tá finscéalta éagsúla bainte leis an bás Antaine. De réir ceann acu nuair fuair sé bás, chaoin na páistí sa sráideanna agus cling na cloigíní eaglaise uile ar a thoil féin. Finscéal eile baint leis a [[Teanga (anatamaíocht)|theanga]]. D'adhlac Antaine i séipéal istigh an bhaisleac mhór, tógtha chun e a onóir, ina raibh a theanga a bhí taispeánta. Nuair a athnocht a [[Corp an duine|chorp]] tríocha bliain tar éis a bháis, bhí sé maíte go raibh dealramh air mar a bhí sé beo, comhartha a thallann seanmóireacht, de réir cosúlachta. [[File:St._Anthony_of_Padua.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St._Anthony_of_Padua.jpg|clé|mion|Séipéal i [[Macau]]]] == Urraim == D'fhéadfaí a rá go raibh Antaine éiríodh ceann na naoimh is tapaidh sa stair an Eaglais Chaitliceach toisc gur rinne sé naomh dó le Pápa Greagóir IX ar an 30 Bealtaine 1232, ag [[Spoleto]], An Iodáil, níos lú na bliain amháin tar éis a bháis. Scaip a chlú trí soiscéalaíocht [[An Phortaingéil|Portaingéalach]], agus bhí aithne air mar dhuine den lucht leanúna is ceiliúrtha den Proinsias Assisi. Is é éarlamh a bhaile uchtaithe Padua, chomh maith leis a bhaile dúchasach Liospóin. Tá sé glaoite go háirithe den aisghabháil rudaí caillte. Bhí sé fógartha mar Dhochtúir na hEaglaise le [[Pápa Pius XII]] ar 16 Eanáir 1946. == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{catcómhaoin|Saint Anthony of Padua|Naomh Antaine}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Antaine Naomh}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1195]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1231]] [[Catagóir:Agaistínigh]] [[Catagóir:Daoine na Meánaoise]] [[Catagóir:Daoine Portaingéalacha]] [[Catagóir:Dochtúirí na hEaglaise]] [[Catagóir:Liospóin]] [[Catagóir:Mistigh]] [[Catagóir:Naoimh]] [[Catagóir:Proinsiasaigh]] [[Catagóir:Sagairt Chaitliceacha]] f3km9qch0cxcdf37k1ak07cfhpp9cyc 0 35463 1331799 1308048 2026-11-04T17:34:03Z LametinoWiki 23199 1331799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is [[Teachta Dála]] do cheantar [[Cill Dara Theas (Dáilcheantar)|Chill Dara Theas]] é '''Seán Ó Fearghaíl''' (a rugadh ar an [[17 Aibreán]] [[1960]]). Tá sé ina bhall d'[[Fianna Fáil|Fhianna Fáil]]. Ba fheirmeoir é agus is cainteoir [[Gaeilge]] é. Sheas Ó Fearghaíl in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2002|Olltoghchán 2002]] agus toghadh é mar TD don chéad uair. Toghadh ina [[Ceann Comhairle|Cheann Comhairle]] é ar an 10 Márta, 2016 agus arís in 2020.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Taoiseach fós le toghadh|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2016/0310/773854-32u-dail-ag-teacht-le-cheile-inniu/|date=2016-03-10|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Bhí tuarastal an Cheann Comhairle - €255,000 in 2024 - níos airde ná an €243,895 a íoctar leis an Taoiseach. in 2024. ceathrar iarrthóirí a bhí ann mar [[Ceann Comhairle|Cheann Comhairle]] – [[Verona Uí Mhurchú]] (NS), Seán Ó Fearghaíl, a raibh an tríú téarma á lorg aige, [[John J. McGuinness|John McGuinness]] (FF) agus [[Aengus Ó Snodaigh]] (SF). Toghadh Uí Mhurchú i ndiaidh an tríú comhaireamh nuair a bhain sí an cuóta, 88, amach le vótaí aistrithe Sheáin Uí Fhearghaíl. Thug Fianna Fáil agus [[Fine Gael]] tacaíocht do Murphy mar chuid den idirbheartaíocht atá ar siúl acu leis an nGrúpa Réigiúnach Neamhspleách faoi chomhrialtas a bhunú, gníomh a mhaígh Ó Fearghaíl agus daoine eile a rinne mír mhargántaíochta de ról tábhachtach.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/verona-murphy-tofa-ina-ceann-comhairle-sa-dail-an-chead-bhean-riamh-sa-rol/|teideal=Verona Murphy tofa ina Ceann Comhairle sa Dáil, an chéad bhean riamh sa ról|dáta=2024-12-18|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-12-18}}</ref> Bhí díomá air, a dúirt sé, nach raibh ceannasaíocht an pháirtí ag tacú leis an uair seo. Dúirt sé roimh an vóta gur chóir go mbeadh Gaeilge ag an té a cheapfaí sa phost.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ceim-ar-chul-a-bheadh-ann-ceann-comhairle-gan-ghaeilge-a-thoghadh-aengus-o-snodaigh/|teideal=‘Céim ar chúl a bheadh ann Ceann Comhairle gan Ghaeilge a thoghadh’ – Aengus Ó Snodaigh|dáta=2024-12-18|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-12-18}}</ref> == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 31ú Dáil}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fearghail, Sean O}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1960]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 21ú Seanad]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 29ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 30ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 31ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 32ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 33ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Comhairleoirí Áitiúla]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Chill Dara]] [[Catagóir:Feirmeoirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Cill Dara Theas (Dáilcheantar)]] [[Catagóir:Cinn Chomhairle]] [[Catagóir:Gaeilgeoirí]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 34ú Dáil]] jk0kgz3e3uqqhj069v4rybyf4wb6vpd 0 94740 1331814 1299531 2026-11-04T19:43:50Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1331814 wikitext text/x-wiki :''le haghaidh rí den 7ú haois darb ainm Aodh Allán, féach [[Áed Uaridnach|Aodh Fuariodhnach]] {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Ríthe Ailigh|Rí Ailigh]] agus [[Ard-Rí na hÉireann]] ba ea '''Aodh mac Fearghail''' ({{lang-sga|'Áed mac Fergaile'}}) (bás 743), ar a glaodh Aodh Allán (''Áed Allán'') air. [[Fergal mac Máele Dúin]], Ard-Rí, ba ea a athair. Ba bhall an rítheaghlach de [[Cenél nEógain]], géag d'[[Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt]]. ==Teacht i réim== Mharaigh a athair, Fearghal, sa bhliain 722 ag [[Cath Alúine]], in éadan Murchadh mac Brain [[Uí Dhúnlainge]]. Bhí [[Flaithbertach mac Loingsig|Flaithbheartach mac Loingsig]] de [[Cineál Chonaill|Chineál Chonaill]] ina rí Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt ag an am sin. Cloíodh Aodh Allán i mbinn chatha in aghaidh Flaithbheartaigh ag ''[[Cath Mag nÍtha]]'' sa bhliain 734. In ainneoin sin, d'éirigh nó cuireadh Flaithbheartach as a choróin go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, agus chuaigh sé sa joined the [[mainistir|mhainistir]] ag [[Ard Mhacha]] isteach. Chun freastal ar riachtanais bheith ina Ard-Rí, b'éigean don té bheith rathúil i mbun catha. Chuaigh Aodh in aghaidh na [[Ulaid|nUlad]], a chéilí comhraic san a oirthear, faoi cheannas [[Áed Róin|Aodha Róin]] den [[Dál Fiatach]] ag [[Fochaird]]. Chloígh Aodh Allán na hUlaid, agus mharaigh sé Aodh Róin agus ríking of [[Uí Echach Cobo|Uí Eachach Chobha]], agus bhain sé ceannas ar [[Conaille Muirthemne|Chonaille Muirthemhne]] amach. ==Cathal mac Finghin== Sa bhliain 737, bhuail Aodh Allán le Cathal rí na [[Eoghanachta|nEoghanacht]] ag [[Tír Dhá Ghlas]], is dócha ar thalamh neodrach don bheirt. Deir Byrne nach dócha é gur aithin Cathal údarás Aodha — ba bheag an tionchar a bhí ag Uí Néill sa deisceart — ach dá mbeadh Cathal ag súil le leas éigin ón gcruinniú, bheadh díomá air. Is amhlaidh ámh go raibh cléirigh [[Ard Mhacha]] rí-shásta, óir go n-insítear i n[[Annála Uladh]], san iontráil i ndiaidh tuairisc an chruinniú, go raibh Cáin [[Naomh Pádraig|Phádraig]] i bhfeidhm in Éirinn. Is dócha dá bharr gur shocraigh siad áit speisialta i gcaitheamh na heaglaise, a cuid tailte agus tionóntaí, mar atá ordaithe sa Cháin. ==Cath Átha Seanaigh== Sa bhliain 738, throid Aodh Allán in éadan airm na Laigean i g[[Cath Átha Seanaigh]] &mdash; Cath na Groans. Gortaíodh Aodh Allán agus maraíodh rí na Laigean, [[Áed mac Colggen|Aodh mac Colgan]] [[Uí Chinnsealaigh]]. Maraíodh fosta Bran Beag [[Uí Dhúnlainge]], mac [[Murchad mac Brain Mut|Mhurchadha mhic Bhrain Mut]] a chloígh athair Aodha Alláin sa bhliain 722. Déantar cuir síos fada sna h[[Annála Éireann]] faoin gcath seo, mar shampla i n[[Annála Uladh]]:<ref>''Annála Uladh'', AU 738.4</ref> :... ''in tali bello tantos cecidisse ferunt quantos per transacta retro secula in uno subcubuisse impetu & feroci ruisse conflictu non conperimus :... tuairiscítear gur thit an oiread sin fear sa mhórchath seo nach bhfaightear a leithéid d'eirleach in aon ionsaí agus comhrac fíochmhar amháin i gcaitheamh na réanna uile roimhe sin. Is amhlaidh gur treascraíodh Uí Chinnsealaigh leis an maidhm seo, óir go raibh Uí Dhúnlainge i gceannas sa Laigin le trí chéad bhliain ina dhiaidh. ==Bás agus comharba== D'éag Aodh Allán sa bhliain 743, i mbun catha ag ''Seredmag'', clóite ag [[Domnall Midi|Domhnall na Mí]] de [[Clann Cholmáin]]. Faightear rann sna hannála a chum Aodh Allán mar dhea ar lá an chatha:<ref>AU 743.4</ref> :''anomm-ansed<ref>[http://dil.ie/1370 aingid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111201001/http://www.dil.ie/1370 |date=2019-11-11 }}, ainic, consaigh, sábháil, ar eDIL</ref> mo Dia dil :''for bru Locha Sailcedain, :''iarum dia m-beinn-si fri col, :''ropadh main ar modh m' anacol<ref>cf.[http://dil.ie/32675 mug] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723023306/http://dil.ie/32675 |date=2019-07-23 }} ar eDIL</ref> :An ainice mé mo Dhia dil :ar bhruach Loch Sailcheadáin, :iaramh dá mbeinn faoi chol, :ba mhaoin (uaim) ar mhodh m'anacal.<ref>[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/anacal anacal], ainmbhriathar 'ainic', ar teanglann.ie</ref> Tháinig Domhnall Mí i gcomharbacht ar Aodh Allán mar Ard-Rí. De réir Réine ríliostaí, tháinig [[Niall Frossach|Niall Frasach]] i gcomharbacht air mar Rí Ailigh, ach séanann foinsí eile. Ina thásc sa bhliain 764, tugadh an teideal '[[ríthe Éireann|rí]] an Tuaiscirt' ar [[Áed Muinderg|Aodh Muindearg]] mac Flaithbheartaigh, rud a chuireann in iúl gur phríomhrí Uí Néill é, agus b'fhéidir ionadaí is Domhnaill ann. Rinneadh rí Ailigh de [[Máel Dúin mac Áedo Alláin|Mhaol Dúin mac Aodha Alláin]] (bás 788) in am trátha. ==Foinsí== * [[Corpus of Electronic Texts]] ** [[Annála Uladh]], ''Part 1 (431–1201)'', [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100001A/ G100001A] ** [[Annála Tiarnaigh]], [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100002/ G100002] * Byrne, Francis John (2001), Irish Kings and High-Kings, Baile Átha Cliath: Four Courts Press, {{ISBN|978-1-85182-196-9}} * Charles-Edwards, T.M., ''Early Christian Ireland.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. {{ISBN|0-521-36395-0}} * Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí, ''Early Medieval Ireland: 400&ndash;1200.'' Longman, Londain, 1995. {{ISBN|0-582-01565-0}} ==Tagairtí== {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh sa 7ú haois]] [[Catagóir:7ú haois in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:8ú haois in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Daoine na Meánaoise]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Ríthe Ailigh]] q2xvkzdwxolmz8da7n2buhzjw4lywf2 2 94806 1331792 1322577 2026-11-04T16:28:36Z MPF 21072 replace misidentified image 1331792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT DISTINCT ?item ?name WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q16521 . # this calls up the taxon ?item wdt:P171* wd:Q5113 . # Q5113 is bird ?item wdt:P105 wd:Q7432 . # species only FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P141 wd:Q237350 } # not extinct ?articleURL schema:about ?item ; schema:name ?name ; schema:isPartOf <https://ga.wikipedia.org/> . #must have sitelink to gawiki } ORDER BY ?name OFFSET 0 LIMIT 2000 |links=local |section= |sort=label |columns=number:#,qid,label,P18,p225:enw tacson,P373,P2067,P2050,P7770 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! qid ! label ! íomhá ! enw tacson ! catagóir Commons ! mais ! réise sciathán ! tréimhse ghoir |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | Q26147 | [[abhóiséad]] | [[Íomhá:Avocette élégante Thyna019.jpg|center|128px]] | Recurvirostra avosetta | [[:commons:Category:Recurvirostra avosetta|Recurvirostra avosetta]] | 31.7 gram | 78 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | Q202504 | [[amadán móinteach]] | [[Íomhá:Charadrius morinellus male.jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius morinellus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius morinellus|Charadrius morinellus]] | 17 gram | 60 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | Q1268205 | [[Súmaire gabhair ghlórach|Antrostomus vociferus]] | [[Íomhá:Caprimulgus vociferus Sam Smith Park toronto.jpg|center|128px]] | Antrostomus vociferus | [[:commons:Category:Antrostomus vociferus|Antrostomus vociferus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | Q106447604 | [[Éigrit eallaigh|Ardea ibis]] | [[Íomhá:Héron garde boeufs à Oued Mejerda.jpg|center|128px]] | Ardea ibis | [[:commons:Category:Ardea ibis|Ardea ibis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | Q652266 | [[Argas mór|Argusianus argus]] | [[Íomhá:Argusianus argus -Lok Kawi Wildlife Park, Malaysia -male-8a.jpg|center|128px]] | Argusianus argus | [[:commons:Category:Argusianus argus|Argusianus argus]] | | | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | Q692192 | [[Póiseard ceannrua Meiriceánach|Aythya americana]] | [[Íomhá:Aythya americana f Ontario.jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya americana | [[:commons:Category:Aythya americana|Aythya americana]] | 1.1 cileagram<br/>990 gram | 79.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | Q26742 | [[Aythya ferina]] | [[Íomhá:Aythya ferina Gentofte 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya ferina | [[:commons:Category:Aythya ferina|Aythya ferina]] | 66 gram | 0.77 méadar | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | Q170718 | [[Beachadóir Eorpach|beachadóir]] | [[Íomhá:Бджолоїдка звичайна або щурка європейська.jpg|center|128px]] | Merops apiaster | [[:commons:Category:Merops apiaster|Merops apiaster]] | 6.5 gram | 0.47 méadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | Q1951359 | [[Beachadóir Peirseach|beachaire gormleicneach]] | [[Íomhá:Guepier de Perse Jebil NP.jpg|center|128px]] | Merops persicus | [[:commons:Category:Merops persicus|Merops persicus]] | 49.4 gram | | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | Q25450 | [[biorearrach]] | [[Íomhá:Male northern pintail at Llano Seco.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas acuta | [[:commons:Category:Anas acuta|Anas acuta]] | 1.025 cileagram<br/>866 gram | 0.9 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | Q591831 | [[bobóilinc]] | [[Íomhá:Bobolink (female) (5005682834).jpg|center|128px]] | Dolichonyx oryzivorus | [[:commons:Category:Dolichonyx oryzivorus|Dolichonyx oryzivorus]] | 2.75 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | Q25709 | [[Bonnán buí (éan)|bonnán]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Bittern - Torrile - Italy 4528 (15409347121).jpg|center|128px]] | Botaurus stellaris | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus stellaris|Botaurus stellaris]] | 42 gram<br/>2.906 cileagram<br/>2.017 cileagram | 1.27 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | Q26129 | [[bonnán beag]] | [[Íomhá:47-090506-little-bittern-at-upper-ford-near-Sigri-.jpg|center|128px]] | Botaurus minutus | [[:commons:Category:Ixobrychus minutus|Ixobrychus minutus]] | 13 gram<br/>147 gram | 49 ceintiméadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | Q204111 | [[Bonnán cainéaldathach|bonnán cainéil]] | [[Íomhá:Cinnamon bittern or chestnut bittern (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|center|128px]] | Ixobrychus cinnamomeus | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus cinnamomeus|Botaurus cinnamomeus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | Q743017 | [[Bonnán breicneach|bonnán Meiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:American bittern in flight (53726569227) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Botaurus lentiginosus | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus lentiginosus|Botaurus lentiginosus]] | 36 gram | 115 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | Q469586 | [[Bonnán caol|bonnán seang]] | [[Íomhá:Least bittern (71430).jpg|center|128px]] | Ixobrychus exilis | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus exilis|Botaurus exilis]] | 10 gram<br/>80 gram | 43 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | Q188877 | [[Breacán (éan)|breacán]] | [[Íomhá:Fringilla montifringilla -Poland -male-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Fringilla montifringilla | [[:commons:Category:Fringilla montifringilla|Fringilla montifringilla]] | 2.14 gram<br/>22 gram | 0.27 méadar | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | Q26650 | [[breacóg]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris alpina alpina, Riga, Latvia 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris alpina | [[:commons:Category:Calidris alpina|Calidris alpina]] | | 0.36 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | Q25440 | [[broigheall]] | [[Íomhá:2021-05-05 Phalacrocorax carbo carbo, Killingworth Lake, Northumberland 1-2.jpg|center|128px]] | Phalacrocorax carbo | [[:commons:Category:Phalacrocorax carbo|Phalacrocorax carbo]] | 2.4 cileagram<br/>2 cileagram | 1.4 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | Q244319 | [[Mionbhroigheall|broigheall bídeach]] | [[Íomhá:Microcarbo pygmaeus - Pygmy cormorant.jpg|center|128px]] | Microcarbo pygmaeus | [[:commons:Category:Microcarbo pygmaeus|Microcarbo pygmaeus]] | | 85 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | Q18700 | [[bróg-ghob]] | [[Íomhá:Entebbe Shoe Bill Stork.jpg|center|128px]] | Balaeniceps rex | [[:commons:Category:Balaeniceps rex|Balaeniceps rex]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | Q121221 | [[budragár]] | [[Íomhá:Budgerigar-male-strzelecki-qld.jpg|center|128px]] | Melopsittacus undulatus | [[:commons:Category:Melopsittacus undulatus|Melopsittacus undulatus]] | 2.15 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | Q168677 | [[bultúr luaithriúíl]] | [[Íomhá:Aegypius monachus, Catalan Pyrenees, Spain S4E7659 (25191007486).jpg|center|128px]] | Aegypius monachus | [[:commons:Category:Aegypius monachus|Aegypius monachus]] | 243 gram | 2.5 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | Q126167 | [[bultúr uan]] | [[Íomhá:Bearded Vulture - Catalan Pyrenees - Spain (25098398432).jpg|center|128px]] | Gypaetus barbatus | [[:commons:Category:Gypaetus barbatus|Gypaetus barbatus]] | 224 gram<br/>4.913 cileagram<br/>6.175 cileagram | 2.621 méadar | 54 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | Q33504 | [[bultúr Éigipteach]] | [[Íomhá:Egyptian Vulture, Socotra.jpg|center|128px]] | Neophron percnopterus | [[:commons:Category:Neophron percnopterus|Neophron percnopterus]] | 94 gram<br/>1.977 cileagram | 1.676 méadar | 42 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | Q188601 | [[bustard beag]] | [[Íomhá:Tetrax tetrax, Castuera, Estremadura, Spain 3.jpg|center|128px]] | Tetrax tetrax | [[:commons:Category:Tetrax tetrax|Tetrax tetrax]] | 41 gram | 110 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | Q290871 | [[bustard Houbara]] | [[Íomhá:Houbara035.JPG|center|128px]] | Chlamydotis undulata | [[:commons:Category:Chlamydotis undulata|Chlamydotis undulata]] | 68 gram<br/>1.96 cileagram<br/>1.15 cileagram | | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | Q171655 | [[bustard mór]] | [[Íomhá:Dévaványa, Hungary – Great bustard 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Otis tarda | [[:commons:Category:Otis tarda|Otis tarda]] | 143 gram | 235 ceintiméadar<br/>180 ceintiméadar | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | Q26205 | [[buíóg]] | [[Íomhá:Emberiza citrinella -Midtjylland, Denmark -male-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza citrinella | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza citrinella|Emberiza citrinella]] | 2.94 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | Q908909 | [[búbúc Norfolk]] | [[Íomhá:Nz boobook.JPG|center|128px]] | Ninox novaeseelandiae | [[:commons:Category:Ninox novaeseelandiae|Ninox novaeseelandiae]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | Q179959 | [[cacapó]] | [[Íomhá:Buller Kakapo.jpg|center|128px]] | Strigops habroptila | [[:commons:Category:Strigops habroptila|Strigops habroptila]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | Q27050 | [[cadhan]] | [[Íomhá:Branta bernicla bernicla Norfolk 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Branta bernicla | [[:commons:Category:Branta bernicla|Branta bernicla]] | | 1.01 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | Q188446 | [[caipín dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Sylvia atricapilla -Lullington Heath, East Sussex, England -male-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Sylvia atricapilla | [[:commons:Category:Sylvia atricapilla|Sylvia atricapilla]] | 2.19 gram<br/>18.1 gram | 23 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | Q235057 | [[caislín aille]] | [[Íomhá:Common rock thrush.jpg|center|128px]] | Monticola saxatilis | [[:commons:Category:Monticola saxatilis|Monticola saxatilis]] | 4.95 gram<br/>47 gram<br/>52.4 gram | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | Q152144 | [[caislín aille gorm]] | [[Íomhá:Monticola solitarius 29-August-2015.jpg|center|128px]] | Monticola solitarius | [[:commons:Category:Monticola solitarius|Monticola solitarius]] | 5.95 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | Q155869 | [[caislín aitinn]] | [[Íomhá:Saxicola rubetra poklaskwa AM.jpg|center|128px]] | Saxicola rubetra | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola rubetra|Saxicola rubetra]] | 2.06 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | Q1315689 | [[caislín cloch]] | [[Íomhá:African Stonechat (Saxicola torquatus) male (31251199192).jpg|center|128px]] | Saxicola torquatus | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola torquatus|Saxicola torquatus]] | | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | Q838665 | [[caislín cloch Eorpach]] | [[Íomhá:Saxicola rubicola -Belgium -female-8 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Saxicola rubicola | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola rubicola|Saxicola rubicola]] | | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | Q1589281 | [[caislín Sibéarach]] | [[Íomhá:Siberian Stonechat (Saxicola maura)- Male at Bharatpur I IMG 5768.jpg|center|128px]] | Saxicola maurus | [[:commons:Category:Saxicola maurus|Saxicola maurus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | Q852622 | [[Cnagaire impiriúil|Campephilus imperialis]] | [[Íomhá:Kaiserspecht fg02.jpg|center|128px]] | Campephilus imperialis | [[:commons:Category:Campephilus imperialis|Campephilus imperialis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | Q284331 | [[Cnagaire Magellanach|Campephilus magellanicus]] | [[Íomhá:Magellan Specht.JPG|center|128px]] | Campephilus magellanicus | [[:commons:Category:Campephilus magellanicus|Campephilus magellanicus]] | 260 gram | 0.6 méadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | Q208334 | [[Donnóg Alpach|cantaire Alpshléibhe]] | [[Íomhá:Alpine accentor saganta.jpg|center|128px]] | Prunella collaris | [[:commons:Category:Prunella collaris|Prunella collaris]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | Q1049121 | [[Donnóg Radde|cantaire carraige]] | [[Íomhá:Prunella ocularis 1a.jpg|center|128px]] | Prunella ocularis | [[:commons:Category:Prunella ocularis|Prunella ocularis]] | | | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | Q129059 | [[capall coille]] | [[Íomhá:Auerhuhn Schweden P1130026.jpg|center|128px]] | Tetrao urogallus | [[:commons:Category:Tetrao urogallus|Tetrao urogallus]] | 3.8 cileagram<br/>1.97 cileagram<br/>53 gram | 106 ceintiméadar | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | Q26198 | [[caróg dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Carrion crow 2022 04 05 05 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Corvus corone | [[:commons:Category:Corvus corone|Corvus corone]] | | 0.91 méadar | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | Q831597 | [[catéan liath]] | [[Íomhá:Graycatbird-WashParkCedarFallsIowa-20220506.jpg|center|128px]] | Dumetella carolinensis | [[:commons:Category:Dumetella carolinensis|Dumetella carolinensis]] | 3.8 gram<br/>35.7 gram<br/>39.6 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | Q25384 | [[ceann cait]] | [[Íomhá:Asio otus Downsview Park Toronto2.jpg|center|128px]] | Asio otus | [[:commons:Category:Asio otus|Asio otus]] | | 95 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | Q25376 | [[Cearc cheannann Eoráiseach|cearc cheannann]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Coot.jpg|center|128px]] | Fulica atra | [[:commons:Category:Fulica atra|Fulica atra]] | 36.5 gram<br/>835 gram<br/>715 gram | 75 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | Q470016 | [[cearc cheannann Mheiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:American coot in Prospect Park (06152).jpg|center|128px]] | Fulica americana | [[:commons:Category:Fulica americana|Fulica americana]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | Q901228 | [[cearc mhailí]] | [[Íomhá:Leipoa ocellata.jpg|center|128px]] | Leipoa ocellata | [[:commons:Category:Leipoa ocellata|Leipoa ocellata]] | 2.4 cileagram<br/>175 gram<br/>1.8 cileagram | | 63 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | Q178702 | [[cearc shailí]] | [[Íomhá:Lagopus lagopus - adult (Denali, 2010).jpg|center|128px]] | Lagopus lagopus | [[:commons:Category:Lagopus lagopus|Lagopus lagopus]] | 720 gram<br/>580 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | Q18847 | [[cearc uisce]] | [[Íomhá:Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus pyrrhorrhoa), Mauritius.jpg|center|128px]] | Gallinula chloropus | [[:commons:Category:Gallinula chloropus|Gallinula chloropus]] | 348 gram | 52 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | Q104867606 | [[Ceolaire barrach]] | [[Íomhá:Curruca nisoria 378155893 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca nisoria | [[:commons:Category:Curruca nisoria|Curruca nisoria]] | 2.63 gram | 25 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | Q312779 | [[ceolaire Blyth]] | [[Íomhá:Blyth's Reed Warbler in Baruipur December 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus dumetorum | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus dumetorum|Acrocephalus dumetorum]] | 1.68 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | Q14753772 | [[ceolaire bánlíoch]] | [[Íomhá:Ak mukallit - Iduna pallida - Eastern Olivaceous Warbler, Adana, Turkey 04.jpg|center|128px]] | Iduna pallida | [[:commons:Category:Iduna pallida|Iduna pallida]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | Q208710 | [[ceolaire casarnaí]] | [[Íomhá:Grashoppsangare-070512.jpg|center|128px]] | Locustella naevia | [[:commons:Category:Locustella naevia|Locustella naevia]] | | 17 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | Q650114 | [[ceolaire Cetti]] | [[Íomhá:Cettia cetti orientalis, Bismil, Turkey.jpg|center|128px]] | Cettia cetti | [[:commons:Category:Cettia cetti|Cettia cetti]] | | 17 ceintiméadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | Q27075477 | [[ceolaire coille]] | [[Íomhá:Flickr - Rainbirder - Wood Warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix).jpg|center|128px]] | Phylloscopus sibilatrix | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus sibilatrix|Phylloscopus sibilatrix]] | 1.32 gram<br/>10 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | Q210422 | [[ceolaire corraigh]] | [[Íomhá:Acrocephalus palustris (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus palustris | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus palustris|Acrocephalus palustris]] | 1.85 gram | 20 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | Q757116 | [[ceolaire cuaráin]] | [[Íomhá:Booted warbler 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Iduna caligata | [[:commons:Category:Iduna caligata|Iduna caligata]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | Q27236 | [[ceolaire cíbe]] | [[Íomhá:Acrocephalus schoenobaenus -Sweden-8 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus schoenobaenus|Acrocephalus schoenobaenus]] | 1.65 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | Q1590574 | [[Ceolaire Upcher|ceolaire fann]] | [[Íomhá:Upcher's Warbler (Hippolais languida) (8079442053).jpg|center|128px]] | Hippolais languida | [[:commons:Category:Hippolais languida|Hippolais languida]] | 1.79 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | Q210791 | [[ceolaire feanearrach]] | [[Íomhá:Cisticola juncidis, El Qanater el Khayreyya, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt.jpg|center|128px]] | Cisticola juncidis | [[:commons:Category:Cisticola juncidis|Cisticola juncidis]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | Q110257524 | [[Ceolaire fraoigh]] | [[Íomhá:Fauvette pitchou Ichkeul NP.jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca undata | [[:commons:Category:Curruca undata|Curruca undata]] | | 16 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | Q110257494 | [[Ceolaire mion|Ceolaire fásaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Curruca nana - Kudaibergen Amirekul - 562372019.jpeg|center|128px]] | Curruca nana | [[:commons:Category:Curruca nana|Curruca nana]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | Q202478 | [[ceolaire garraí]] | [[Íomhá:Sylvia borin (Örebro County).jpg|center|128px]] | Sylvia borin | [[:commons:Category:Sylvia borin|Sylvia borin]] | | 22 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | Q159080 | [[ceolaire giolcaí]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Reed Warbler.jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus scirpaceus | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus scirpaceus|Acrocephalus scirpaceus]] | 12 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | Q827657 | [[ceolaire goirt ríse]] | [[Íomhá:Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN8336 (11).jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus agricola | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus agricola|Acrocephalus agricola]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | Q27674 | [[ceolaire ictireach]] | [[Íomhá:Hippolais icterina, Riga, Latvia 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Hippolais icterina | [[:commons:Category:Hippolais icterina|Hippolais icterina]] | 1.7 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | Q110257499 | [[Ceolaire tiubhghobach|Ceolaire Oirféach]] | [[Íomhá:Curruca crassirostris 91619419 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca crassirostris | [[:commons:Category:Curruca crassirostris|Curruca crassirostris]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | Q27239 | [[ceolaire sailí]] | [[Íomhá:Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus.jpg|center|128px]] | Phylloscopus trochilus | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus trochilus|Phylloscopus trochilus]] | | 19 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | Q321272 | [[ceolaire Savi]] | [[Íomhá:Rohrschwirl Chiemgau.jpg|center|128px]] | Locustella luscinioides | [[:commons:Category:Locustella luscinioides|Locustella luscinioides]] | 2.08 gram | 20 ceintiméadar | 10 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | Q460229 | [[ceolaire scothghlas]] | [[Íomhá:Greenish Warbler Sikkim India 11.05.2014.jpg|center|128px]] | Phylloscopus trochiloides | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus trochiloides|Phylloscopus trochiloides]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | Q110257505 | [[Ceolaire Ménétries|ceolaire screige]] | [[Íomhá:Sylvia mystacea (2) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca mystacea | [[:commons:Category:Curruca mystacea|Curruca mystacea]] | 1.5 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | Q26982 | [[circín starraiceach]] | [[Íomhá:Galerida cristata - Crested lark 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Galerida cristata | [[:commons:Category:Galerida cristata|Galerida cristata]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | Q148583 | [[cirlghealóg]] | [[Íomhá:Cirl Bunting Chiker Morocco Nov25 A7CR 09378.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza cirlus | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza cirlus|Emberiza cirlus]] | | 24 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | Q25385 | [[clamhán]] | [[Íomhá:Common Buzzard by caroline legg (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Buteo buteo | [[:commons:Category:Buteo buteo|Buteo buteo]] | 0.925 cileagram<br/>60 gram<br/>790 gram<br/>966.5 gram | 1.24 méadar | 34 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | Q233684 | [[clamhán cosfhada]] | [[Íomhá:Long-legged Buzzard (24521858347).jpg|center|128px]] | Buteo rufinus | [[:commons:Category:Buteo rufinus|Buteo rufinus]] | 73 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | Q26407 | [[clamhán lópach]] | [[Íomhá:Buteo lagopus 29283.JPG|center|128px]] | Buteo lagopus | [[:commons:Category:Buteo lagopus|Buteo lagopus]] | 824.6 gram<br/>1.027 cileagram | 1.35 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | Q170466 | [[clamhán riabhach]] | [[Íomhá:Herilaseviu..jpg|center|128px]] | Pernis apivorus | [[:commons:Category:Pernis apivorus|Pernis apivorus]] | 49 gram | 1.26 méadar | 32 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | Q21090684 | [[Iolar breac mór|Clanga clanga]] | [[Íomhá:Great spotted Eagle I2 IMG 8358.jpg|center|128px]] | Clanga clanga | [[:commons:Category:Clanga clanga|Clanga clanga]] | 110 gram | 167.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | Q26420 | [[Clochrán coiteann|clochrán]] | [[Íomhá:Northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe oenanthe | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe oenanthe|Oenanthe oenanthe]] | | 0.28 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | Q769528 | [[Clochrán earr-rua|clochrán Afganastánach]] | [[Íomhá:Oenanthe chrysopygia.JPG|center|128px]] | Oenanthe chrysopygia | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe chrysopygia|Oenanthe chrysopygia]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | Q763538 | [[clochrán alabhreac]] | [[Íomhá:Oenanthe pleschanka.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe pleschanka | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe pleschanka|Oenanthe pleschanka]] | 2.43 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | Q385723 | [[Oenanthe hispanica|clochrán cluasdubh]] | [[Íomhá:CollalbaRubia.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe hispanica | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe hispanica|Oenanthe hispanica]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | Q769093 | [[Clochrán Finsch|clochrán droimbhán]] | [[Íomhá:Oenanthe finschii.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe finschii | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe finschii|Oenanthe finschii]] | 26 gram<br/>29 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | Q1303323 | [[Clochrán Coirdíneach|clochrán earrdhearg]] | [[Íomhá:Oenanthe xanthoprymna - Kurdish Wheatear, Osmaniye, Turkey 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe xanthoprymna | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe xanthoprymna|Oenanthe xanthoprymna]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | Q769934 | [[clochrán fásaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN9430 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe deserti | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe deserti|Oenanthe deserti]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | Q747686 | [[clochrán gainimh]] | [[Íomhá:Isabelline wheatear (Oenanthe isabellina) male, non-breeding.jpg|center|128px]] | Oenanthe isabellina | [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe isabellina|Oenanthe isabellina]] | 3.04 gram<br/>29 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | Q207290 | [[Cnagaire droimgheal|cnagaire droimbhán]] | [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos leucotos 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocopos leucotos | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos leucotos|Dendrocopos leucotos]] | | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | Q143284 | [[cnagaire dubh]] | [[Íomhá:2016.08.27.-14-Viernheimer Heide-Viernheim--Schwarzspecht-Weibchen.jpg|center|128px]] | Dryocopus martius | [[:commons:Category:Dryocopus martius|Dryocopus martius]] | 11.8 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | Q166171 | [[cnagaire glas]] | [[Íomhá:Green woodpecker Franconville 2022 01 21 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Picus viridis | [[:commons:Category:Picus viridis|Picus viridis]] | 8.9 gram<br/>193 gram | 41 ceintiméadar | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | Q752481 | [[Cnagaire Siriach|cnagaire Síriach]] | [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos syriacus.jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocopos syriacus | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos syriacus|Dendrocopos syriacus]] | 5.1 gram | | 10 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | Q27124 | [[cnota]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris canutus (summer).jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris canutus | [[:commons:Category:Calidris canutus|Calidris canutus]] | 19.3 gram<br/>126 gram<br/>148 gram | 0.5 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | Q749701 | [[Cnóshnag Neumayer|cnóshnag creige]] | [[Íomhá:Sitta neumayer 0.jpg|center|128px]] | Sitta neumayer | [[:commons:Category:Sitta neumayer|Sitta neumayer]] | 2.43 gram | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | Q156767 | [[cnóshnag Eorpach]] | [[Íomhá:Kleiber (Sitta europaea caesia) Val Roseg.jpg|center|128px]] | Sitta europaea | [[:commons:Category:Sitta europaea|Sitta europaea]] | 2.25 gram<br/>23 gram | 24 ceintiméadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | Q514809 | [[cocaitíl]] | [[Íomhá:Cockateil.jpg|center|128px]] | Nymphicus hollandicus | [[:commons:Category:Nymphicus hollandicus|Nymphicus hollandicus]] | 5.68 gram<br/>86 gram | | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | Q210341 | [[Cochlearius cochlearius]] | [[Íomhá:Boat-billed Heron, Transpantaneira, Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil 4.jpg|center|128px]] | Cochlearius cochlearius | [[:commons:Category:Cochlearius cochlearius|Cochlearius cochlearius]] | | | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | Q1274601 | [[coileach sneachta Caispeach]] | [[Íomhá:BirdsAsiaJohnGoVIIGoul 0124.jpg|center|128px]] | Tetraogallus caspius | [[:commons:Category:Tetraogallus caspius|Tetraogallus caspius]] | 2.59 cileagram<br/>2.07 cileagram<br/>75 gram | 100 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | Q1137277 | [[coileach sneachta Cugasach]] | [[Íomhá:Tetraogallus caucasicus.jpg|center|128px]] | Tetraogallus caucasicus | [[:commons:Category:Tetraogallus caucasicus|Tetraogallus caucasicus]] | | 87.5 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | Q25332 | [[coirneach]] | [[Íomhá:Balbuzard pecheur Lac de Tunis.jpg|center|128px]] | Pandion haliaetus | [[:commons:Category:Pandion haliaetus|Pandion haliaetus]] | 1.4 cileagram | 1.6 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | Q42326 | [[colm aille]] | [[Íomhá:Columba livia (Rock Dove, wild), Duncansby Head, Caithness, Scotland 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Columba livia | [[:commons:Category:Columba livia|Columba livia]] | 294 gram<br/>267 gram | 690 millimetre | |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | Q26026 | [[Colúr coille|colm coille]] | [[Íomhá:Columba palumbus -garden post-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Columba palumbus | [[:commons:Category:Columba palumbus|Columba palumbus]] | 18.9 gram | 0.75 méadar | 17 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | Q26140 | [[colm gorm]] | [[Íomhá:2019-03-17 Columba oenas, Jesmond Dene 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Columba oenas | [[:commons:Category:Columba oenas|Columba oenas]] | 16.7 gram | 0.75 méadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | Q170598 | [[condar na nAindéas]] | [[Íomhá:204 - Canyon de Colca - Condor des Andes - Juin 2010.JPG|center|128px]] | Vultur gryphus | [[:commons:Category:Vultur gryphus|Vultur gryphus]] | | 3.048 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | Q25382 | [[corcrán coille]] | [[Íomhá:Bullfinch male.jpg|center|128px]] | Pyrrhula pyrrhula | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhula pyrrhula|Pyrrhula pyrrhula]] | 2.41 gram<br/>31 gram | 0.26 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | Q1084895 | [[corcrán coille ceannliath]] | [[Íomhá:Grey-headed Bullfinch.jpg|center|128px]] | Pyrrhula erythaca | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhula erythaca|Pyrrhula erythaca]] | 21.7 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | Q160488 | [[corr chorcra]] | [[Íomhá:2010-kabini-purple-heron.jpg|center|128px]] | Ardea purpurea | [[:commons:Category:Ardea purpurea|Ardea purpurea]] | 51 gram | 1.35 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | Q171360 | [[corr leitheadach Eoráiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Spoonbill.jpg|center|128px]] | Platalea leucorodia | [[:commons:Category:Platalea leucorodia|Platalea leucorodia]] | 76 gram | 1.3 méadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | Q126216 | [[corr oíche]] | [[Íomhá:Black-crowned night heron in PP (36399).jpg|center|128px]] | Nycticorax nycticorax | [[:commons:Category:Nycticorax nycticorax|Nycticorax nycticorax]] | 682 gram<br/>590 gram | 1.06 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | Q722981 | [[corr ríoga]] | [[Íomhá:Royal Spoonbill mouth open.jpg|center|128px]] | Platalea regia | [[:commons:Category:Platalea regia|Platalea regia]] | 69 gram | 120 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | Q191394 | [[corr scréachach]] | [[Íomhá:Crabier chevelu.jpg|center|128px]] | Ardeola ralloides | [[:commons:Category:Ardeola ralloides|Ardeola ralloides]] | 16 gram<br/>288 gram | 0.86 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | Q144218 | [[coscaróba]] | [[Íomhá:Coscoroba coscoroba -Pineyro, Buenos Aires, Argentina-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Coscoroba coscoroba | [[:commons:Category:Coscoroba coscoroba|Coscoroba coscoroba]] | 4.6 cileagram<br/>3.8 cileagram<br/>185 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | Q18859 | [[cosdeargán]] | [[Íomhá:Common Redshank Tringa totanus.jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa totanus | [[:commons:Category:Tringa totanus|Tringa totanus]] | 22.3 gram<br/>129 gram | 62 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | Q28103 | [[cosdeargán breac]] | [[Íomhá:Dunkler Wasserläufer.jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa erythropus | [[:commons:Category:Tringa erythropus|Tringa erythropus]] | 24.5 gram<br/>142 gram<br/>161 gram | 64 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | Q230837 | [[cromán bánlíoch]] | [[Íomhá:Pallid Harrier Adult Male (46333226825).jpg|center|128px]] | Circus macrourus | [[:commons:Category:Circus macrourus|Circus macrourus]] | 28 gram<br/>322 gram<br/>445 gram | 1.09 méadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | Q26574 | [[cromán liath]] | [[Íomhá:Circus pygargus (33541975444).jpg|center|128px]] | Circus pygargus | [[:commons:Category:Circus pygargus|Circus pygargus]] | 24 gram<br/>261 gram<br/>370 gram | 1.09 méadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | Q26431 | [[cromán móna iartharach]] | [[Íomhá:Busard des roseaux Circus aeruginosus DSC 3073-p (48841507981).jpg|center|128px]] | Circus aeruginosus | [[:commons:Category:Circus aeruginosus|Circus aeruginosus]] | 40 gram | 1.16 méadar | 34 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | Q25572 | [[cromán na gcearc]] | [[Íomhá:Circus cyaneus 265961899.jpg|center|128px]] | Circus cyaneus | [[:commons:Category:Circus cyaneus|Circus cyaneus]] | 346 gram<br/>527 gram | 1.1 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | Q27102 | [[crosán]] | [[Íomhá:Razorbill with a nice catch.jpg|center|128px]] | Alca torda | [[:commons:Category:Alca torda|Alca torda]] | | 0.661 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | Q18854 | [[crotach]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Curlew.jpg|center|128px]] | Numenius arquata | [[:commons:Category:Numenius arquata|Numenius arquata]] | 76 gram<br/>742 gram<br/>869 gram | 0.97 méadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | Q61857 | [[crotach Artach]] | [[Íomhá:Eskimo Curlew.jpg|center|128px]] | Numenius borealis | [[:commons:Category:Numenius borealis|Numenius borealis]] | | 70 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | Q18858 | [[crotach eanaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus.jpg|center|128px]] | Numenius phaeopus | [[:commons:Category:Numenius phaeopus|Numenius phaeopus]] | | 1.07 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | Q79915 | [[Murlach mara|cruidín]] | [[Íomhá:Alcedo Atthis.jpg|center|128px]] | Alcedo atthis | [[:commons:Category:Alcedo atthis|Alcedo atthis]] | 4.3 gram | 25 ceintiméadar | 19.5 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | Q735158 | [[cruidín píbgheal]] | [[Íomhá:Halcyon smyrnensis - White-throated kingfisher 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Halcyon smyrnensis | [[:commons:Category:Halcyon smyrnensis|Halcyon smyrnensis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | Q18845 | [[Cuach choiteann|cuach]] | [[Íomhá:Cuculus canorus vogelartinfo chris romeiks CHR0791 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | Cuculus canorus | [[:commons:Category:Cuculus canorus|Cuculus canorus]] | 3.22 gram<br/>117 gram<br/>106 gram | 58 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | Q852265 | [[cuach ghob-bhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Yellow-billed cuckoo (42690).jpg|center|128px]] | Coccyzus americanus | [[:commons:Category:Coccyzus americanus|Coccyzus americanus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | Q27442 | [[cuilire alabhreac]] | [[Íomhá:Ficedula hypoleuca -Wood of Cree Nature Reserve, Scotland -male-8a.jpg|center|128px]] | Ficedula hypoleuca | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula hypoleuca|Ficedula hypoleuca]] | 1.7 gram<br/>12 gram | 22 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | Q241499 | [[cuilire broinnrua]] | [[Íomhá:Ficedula parva мухоловка мала.jpg|center|128px]] | Ficedula parva | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula parva|Ficedula parva]] | 1.45 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | Q1591580 | [[cuilire leathmhuinceach]] | [[Íomhá:SemicollaredFlycatcher.jpg|center|128px]] | Ficedula semitorquata | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula semitorquata|Ficedula semitorquata]] | | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | Q26607 | [[cuilire liath]] | [[Íomhá:SpottedFlycatcheronfence.jpg|center|128px]] | Muscicapa striata | [[:commons:Category:Muscicapa striata|Muscicapa striata]] | 1.92 gram | 24 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | Q690826 | [[Cuilire bán|cuilire muinceach]] | [[Íomhá:Collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis).jpg|center|128px]] | Ficedula albicollis | [[:commons:Category:Ficedula albicollis|Ficedula albicollis]] | 1.6 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | Q838749 | [[Scréachóg Steller|Cyanocitta stelleri]] | [[Íomhá:Steller's Jay DSC1327.jpg|center|128px]] | Cyanocitta stelleri | [[:commons:Category:Cyanocitta stelleri|Cyanocitta stelleri]] | 8.1 gram<br/>94 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | Q25345384 | [[cág]] | [[Íomhá:Coloeus monedula -Munkedal, Vastra Gotaland, Sweden-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Coloeus monedula | [[:commons:Category:Coloeus monedula|Coloeus monedula]] | | 0.65 méadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | Q191386 | [[cág gob-bhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Alpine Chough by Jim Higham.jpg|center|128px]] | Pyrrhocorax graculus | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhocorax graculus|Pyrrhocorax graculus]] | | | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | Q208405 | [[cánóg dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Manx Shearwater.JPG|center|128px]] | Puffinus puffinus | [[:commons:Category:Puffinus puffinus|Puffinus puffinus]] | 521 gram | 82 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | Q25234 | [[Lon dubh|céirseach]] | [[Íomhá:20190722 Turdus Merula 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus merula | [[:commons:Category:Turdus merula|Turdus merula]] | | 36 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | Q244197 | [[Cíobhaí Beag Breac|cíobhaí beag breac]] | [[Íomhá:Apteryx owenii 0.jpg|center|128px]] | Apteryx owenii | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx owenii|Apteryx owenii]] | 285 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | Q734829 | [[Cíobhaí Donn an Oileáin Thuaidh|cíobhaí donn an Oileáin Thuaidh]] | [[Íomhá:Apteryx mantelli -Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand-8a.jpg|center|128px]] | Apteryx mantelli | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx mantelli|Apteryx mantelli]] | 2.25 cileagram<br/>2.955 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | Q730091 | [[Cíobhaí Mór Breac|cíobhaí mór breac]] | [[Íomhá:Apteryx haastii.jpg|center|128px]] | Apteryx haastii | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx haastii|Apteryx haastii]] | 425 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | Q26657 | [[Cíorbhuí coiteann|cíorbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Goldcrest (Regulus regulus) (15954267973).jpg|center|128px]] | Regulus regulus | [[:commons:Category:Regulus regulus|Regulus regulus]] | 0.77 gram | 14 ceintiméadar | 17 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | Q869023 | [[cíorlacha Phatagónach]] | [[Íomhá:Lophonetta specularioides -Puerto Natales, Patagonia, Chile-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Lophonetta specularioides | [[:commons:Category:Lophonetta specularioides|Lophonetta specularioides]] | | | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | Q716456 | [[Cúcabarra breac]] | [[Íomhá:Spangled Kookaburra.jpg|center|128px]] | Dacelo tyro | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo tyro|Dacelo tyro]] | 136 gram<br/>156 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | Q854856 | [[Cúcabarra gormeiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Blue-winged kookaburra arp.jpg|center|128px]] | Dacelo leachii | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo leachii|Dacelo leachii]] | 334 gram<br/>284 gram | | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | Q824974 | [[Cúcabarra gáiriteach]] | [[Íomhá:Dacelo novaeguineae waterworks.jpg|center|128px]] | Dacelo novaeguineae | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo novaeguineae|Dacelo novaeguineae]] | 30.4 gram<br/>307.2 gram<br/>352.1 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | Q919707 | [[Cúcabarra sluasaidghobach]] | [[Íomhá:Shovel-billed Kingfisher.jpg|center|128px]] | Dacelo rex | [[:commons:Category:Clytoceyx rex|Clytoceyx rex]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | Q942119 | [[Cúcabarra tarr-ruadhonn]] | [[Íomhá:Dacelo gaudichaud.jpg|center|128px]] | Dacelo gaudichaud | [[:commons:Category:Dacelo gaudichaud|Dacelo gaudichaud]] | 143 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | Q80362 | [[cúr dubh]] | [[Íomhá:2007-black-kite.jpg|center|128px]] | Milvus migrans | [[:commons:Category:Milvus migrans|Milvus migrans]] | 56 gram<br/>828 gram | 1.52 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | Q156250 | [[cúr rua]] | [[Íomhá:Milvus milvus Jura.jpg|center|128px]] | Milvus milvus | [[:commons:Category:Milvus milvus|Milvus milvus]] | 63 gram<br/>1.012 cileagram<br/>1.232 cileagram | 1.66 méadar | 31 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | Q184825 | [[deargán sneachta]] | [[Íomhá:Redwing Turdus iliacus.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus iliacus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus iliacus|Turdus iliacus]] | 4.9 gram<br/>62 gram | 0.36 méadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | Q11380593 | [[deargéadan beag]] | [[Íomhá:Acanthis cabaret 1 East Chevington.jpg|center|128px]] | Acanthis cabaret | [[:commons:Category:Acanthis cabaret|Acanthis cabaret]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | Q20754771 | [[deargéadan coiteann]] | [[Íomhá:Acanthis flammea, Kotka, Finland 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Acanthis flammea | [[:commons:Category:Acanthis flammea|Acanthis flammea]] | | 23 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | Q275591 | [[Meánchnagaire breac|Dendrocoptes medius]] | [[Íomhá:Middle-spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius), Parc du Rouge-Cloître, Brussels (49179578882) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocoptes medius | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocoptes medius|Dendrocoptes medius]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | Q856531 | [[Dicrurus paradiseus]] | [[Íomhá:Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1766) (16169002507).jpg|center|128px]] | Dicrurus paradiseus | [[:commons:Category:Dicrurus paradiseus|Dicrurus paradiseus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | Q26698 | [[donnóg]] | [[Íomhá:Dunnock crop2.jpg|center|128px]] | Prunella modularis | [[:commons:Category:Prunella modularis|Prunella modularis]] | | 0.21 méadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | Q167230 | [[Snámhaí balla|dreapaire balla]] | [[Íomhá:Tichodrome échelette Tichodroma muraria aDSC 1009 (50997238804).jpg|center|128px]] | Tichodroma muraria | [[:commons:Category:Tichodroma muraria|Tichodroma muraria]] | | | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | Q25740 | [[dreoilín]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes).jpg|center|128px]] | Troglodytes troglodytes | [[:commons:Category:Troglodytes troglodytes|Troglodytes troglodytes]] | | 15 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | Q27160 | [[droimneach beag]] | [[Íomhá:Larus fuscus Finnboda 2012.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus fuscus | [[:commons:Category:Larus fuscus|Larus fuscus]] | 880 gram<br/>755 gram | 1.34 méadar | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | Q26629 | [[droimneach mór]] | [[Íomhá:Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus marinus | [[:commons:Category:Larus marinus|Larus marinus]] | | 1.67 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | Q25469 | [[Druid choiteann|druid]] | [[Íomhá:Common Starling, Blyth (12598795653).jpg|center|128px]] | Sturnus vulgaris | [[:commons:Category:Sturnus vulgaris|Sturnus vulgaris]] | | 0.38 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | Q890912 | [[Druid droimchorcra|druid dauria]] | [[Íomhá:Daurian starling from Uppungal Kole Wetlands 2018 by Nesru Tirur.jpg|center|128px]] | Agropsar sturninus | [[:commons:Category:Agropsar sturninus|Agropsar sturninus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | Q20823352 | [[druid rósach]] | [[Íomhá:Pastor roseus - Rosenstar (Jungvogel).jpg|center|128px]] | Pastor roseus | [[:commons:Category:Pastor roseus|Pastor roseus]] | 6.6 gram<br/>79.6 gram<br/>66.9 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | Q25402 | [[eala bhalbh]] | [[Íomhá:Mute Swan Emsworth2.JPG|center|128px]] | Cygnus olor | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus olor|Cygnus olor]] | 11.8 cileagram<br/>9.67 cileagram | 230 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | Q131044 | [[eala dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:00 2102 Trauerschwäne (Breisach am Rhein).jpg|center|128px]] | Cygnus atratus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus atratus|Cygnus atratus]] | 258 gram<br/>6.2 cileagram<br/>5.1 cileagram | 180 ceintiméadar | 38 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | Q25612 | [[eala ghlórach]] | [[Íomhá:Cygnus cygnus 070416 IOL.jpg|center|128px]] | Cygnus cygnus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus cygnus|Cygnus cygnus]] | 331 gram<br/>14 cileagram<br/>8.75 cileagram | 2.29 méadar | 36 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | Q244432 | [[eala phíbdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Blackneck swan pair hornopiren chile feb 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | Cygnus melancoryphus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus melancoryphus|Cygnus melancoryphus]] | | | 35 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | Q26603 | [[eala thundra]] | [[Íomhá:Cygnus bewickii 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Cygnus columbianus | [[:commons:Category:Cygnus columbianus|Cygnus columbianus]] | 7.258 cileagram<br/>6.305 cileagram | 1.98 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | Q26620 | [[earrdheargán]] | [[Íomhá:Gartenrotschwanz 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Phoenicurus phoenicurus | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus phoenicurus|Phoenicurus phoenicurus]] | | 22 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | Q796484 | [[Earrdheargán báneiteach|earrdheargán Cugasach]] | [[Íomhá:Phoenicurus erythrogastrus, Stepantsminda, Georgia 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Phoenicurus erythrogastrus | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus erythrogastrus|Phoenicurus erythrogastrus]] | | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | Q26755 | [[earrdheargán dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Black Redstart bird.jpg|center|128px]] | Phoenicurus ochruros | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus ochruros|Phoenicurus ochruros]] | | 25 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | Q645528 | [[Euplectes franciscanus|Easpag flannbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Euplectes franciscanus -Kotu Creek, Western Division, The Gambia -male-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Euplectes franciscanus | [[:commons:Category:Euplectes franciscanus|Euplectes franciscanus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | Q205491 | [[Gealóg charraige|Emberiza cia]] | [[Íomhá:Rock Bunting (Cochem).jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza cia | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza cia|Emberiza cia]] | 2.77 gram<br/>23 gram | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | Q1262861 | [[Spioróg mhór ruadhonn|Erythrotriorchis radiatus]] | [[Íomhá:Red Goshawk.jpg|center|128px]] | Erythrotriorchis radiatus | [[:commons:Category:Erythrotriorchis radiatus|Erythrotriorchis radiatus]] | 630 gram<br/>1.1 cileagram | 123.5 ceintiméadar | 41 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | Q1060483 | [[Eurylaimus ochromalus]] | [[Íomhá:Black-and-yellow Broadbill (Eurylaimus ochromalus).jpg|center|128px]] | Eurylaimus ochromalus | [[:commons:Category:Eurylaimus ochromalus|Eurylaimus ochromalus]] | 33 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | Q748290 | [[fabhcún Barbarach]] | [[Íomhá:Wüstenfalke.jpg|center|128px]] | Falco pelegrinoides | [[:commons:Category:Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides|Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | Q25876 | [[Fabhcún coille Eoráiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Hobby (14574008925) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Falco subbuteo | [[:commons:Category:Falco subbuteo|Falco subbuteo]] | 24 gram<br/>181.5 gram<br/>240.5 gram | 0.74 méadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | Q179625 | [[fabhcún cosdearg]] | [[Íomhá:Rotfußfalke Falco vespertinus.jpg|center|128px]] | Falco vespertinus | [[:commons:Category:Falco vespertinus|Falco vespertinus]] | 17 gram<br/>150 gram<br/>167 gram | 0.72 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | Q30535 | [[Falco peregrinus|fabhcún gorm]] | [[Íomhá:American Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) (10700651733).jpg|center|128px]] | Falco peregrinus | [[:commons:Category:Falco peregrinus|Falco peregrinus]] | | 1.02 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | Q33554 | [[fabhcún Lanner]] | [[Íomhá:Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus, at Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Northern Cape, South Africa (34447024871).jpg|center|128px]] | Falco biarmicus | [[:commons:Category:Falco biarmicus|Falco biarmicus]] | | 100.5 ceintiméadar | 32 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | Q165974 | [[fabhcún Saker]] | [[Íomhá:Falco cherrug 1 (Bohuš Číčel).jpg|center|128px]] | Falco cherrug | [[:commons:Category:Falco cherrug|Falco cherrug]] | 53 gram<br/>875 gram<br/>1.13 cileagram | 111.5 ceintiméadar | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | Q177688 | [[fabhcún tuaithe]] | [[Íomhá:Falco rusticolus white cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | Falco rusticolus | [[:commons:Category:Falco rusticolus|Falco rusticolus]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | Q206840 | [[falaróp gobchaol]] | [[Íomhá:Phalaropus lobatus.jpg|center|128px]] | Phalaropus lobatus | [[:commons:Category:Phalaropus lobatus|Phalaropus lobatus]] | 6.3 gram<br/>35 gram<br/>39 gram | 0.34 méadar | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | Q208335 | [[falaróp gobmhór]] | [[Íomhá:Grey Phalarope.jpg|center|128px]] | Phalaropus fulicarius | [[:commons:Category:Phalaropus fulicarius|Phalaropus fulicarius]] | | 0.42 méadar | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | Q26470 | [[falcóg bheag]] | [[Íomhá:AlleAlle 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Alle alle | [[:commons:Category:Alle alle|Alle alle]] | 28 gram | 0.32 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | Q683138 | [[faoileán Airméanach]] | [[Íomhá:Armenian Gull in flight (to the left) at Sevan lake, March 2008.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus armenicus | [[:commons:Category:Larus armenicus|Larus armenicus]] | 1 cileagram | 140 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | Q619065 | [[faoileán an Aigéin Chiúin]] | [[Íomhá:Larus pacificus - Derwent River Estuary.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus pacificus | [[:commons:Category:Larus pacificus|Larus pacificus]] | 98.4 gram<br/>1.55 cileagram<br/>1.077 cileagram | 147 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | Q754885 | [[faoileán bandghobach]] | [[Íomhá:Larus delawarensis -Lake Erie, Ohio, USA -adult non-breeding-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus delawarensis | [[:commons:Category:Larus delawarensis|Larus delawarensis]] | 566 gram<br/>471 gram | 1150 millimetre | |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | Q26427 | [[faoileán bán]] | [[Íomhá:Larus canus Common Gull in Norway.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus canus | [[:commons:Category:Larus canus|Larus canus]] | 413 gram<br/>360 gram | 1.11 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | Q27375 | [[faoileán glas]] | [[Íomhá:Glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) with offspring, Liefdefjord, Svalbard.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus hyperboreus | [[:commons:Category:Larus hyperboreus|Larus hyperboreus]] | 1.576 cileagram<br/>1.249 cileagram | 158 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | Q391421 | [[Crotach gobchaol|faoileán gobchaol]] | [[Íomhá:Goéland railleur Thyna012.jpg|center|128px]] | Chroicocephalus genei | [[:commons:Category:Chroicocephalus genei|Chroicocephalus genei]] | 29 gram<br/>275 gram<br/>236 gram | 102 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | Q389505 | [[faoileán gáiriteach]] | [[Íomhá:Larus cachinnans 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Larus cachinnans | [[:commons:Category:Larus cachinnans|Larus cachinnans]] | 60 gram<br/>1.275 cileagram<br/>1.033 cileagram | 141 ceintiméadar | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | Q28236 | [[faoileán scadán]] | [[Íomhá:European herring gull vocalizing (00170).jpg|center|128px]] | Larus argentatus | [[:commons:Category:Larus argentatus|Larus argentatus]] | | 1.34 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | Q704982 | [[faoileán scadán cosbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Larus michahellis LC0046.jpg|center|128px]] | Larus michahellis | [[:commons:Category:Larus michahellis|Larus michahellis]] | | 130 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | Q2735427 | [[Faoileán Heuglin|faoileán Sibéarach]] | [[Íomhá:Heuglis Gull-Arpit.JPG|center|128px]] | Larus heuglini | [[:commons:Category:Larus fuscus heuglini|Larus fuscus heuglini]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | Q742574 | [[feadlacha aghaidhbhán]] | [[Íomhá:Dendrocygna viduata (Vincent Vos).jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocygna viduata | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna viduata|Dendrocygna viduata]] | 36 gram<br/>674 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | Q378192 | [[feadlacha na nIndiacha Thiar]] | [[Íomhá:West Indian Whistling Duck, Bayahibe, Dominican Republic 2017-12-10.jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocygna arborea | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna arborea|Dendrocygna arborea]] | 54 gram | | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | Q752461 | [[feadlacha tharrdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Black-bellied Whistling Duck, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocygna autumnalis | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna autumnalis|Dendrocygna autumnalis]] | 831 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | Q21148 | [[feadóg bhuí]] | [[Íomhá:.00 3155 Goldregenpfeifer (Pluvialis apricaria).jpg|center|128px]] | Pluvialis apricaria | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis apricaria|Pluvialis apricaria]] | 32.8 gram<br/>175 gram | 72 ceintiméadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | Q18865 | [[feadóg bhuí Chiúin-Aigéanach]] | [[Íomhá:Pacific Golden Plover - March 4, 2025.jpg|center|128px]] | Pluvialis fulva | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis fulva|Pluvialis fulva]] | 18 gram<br/>135 gram | 44 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | Q216836 | [[feadóg bhuí Mheiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:Pluvialis dominica1.jpg|center|128px]] | Pluvialis dominica | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis dominica|Pluvialis dominica]] | 26 gram<br/>145 gram | 0.62 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | Q752485 | [[Feadóg Áiseach|feadóg Chaispeach]] | [[Íomhá:Caspian Plover in Koonthalulam Tamilnadu, India, by Dr. Tejinder Singh Rawal.jpg|center|128px]] | Anarhynchus asiaticus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius asiaticus|Charadrius asiaticus]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | Q26816 | [[feadóg chladaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Charadrius hiaticula 3 breeding.jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius hiaticula | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius hiaticula|Charadrius hiaticula]] | 10.9 gram | 0.41 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | Q752398 | [[Pilibín Indiach|feadóg dheargsprochallach]] | [[Íomhá:Red-wattled Lapwing denoised.jpg|center|128px]] | Vanellus indicus | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus indicus|Vanellus indicus]] | | 0.683 méadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | Q827245 | [[feadóg earrbhán]] | [[Íomhá:Vanellus leucurus, Ag-Gel National Park.jpg|center|128px]] | Vanellus leucurus | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus leucurus|Vanellus leucurus]] | | 62.5 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | Q18857 | [[feadóg ghainimh mhór]] | [[Íomhá:2024-07-26 Anarhynchus leschenaultii leschenaultii, Newbiggin, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius leschenaultii | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius leschenaultii|Charadrius leschenaultii]] | | 52 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | Q18835 | [[feadóg ghlas]] | [[Íomhá:Pluvialis squatarola (summer plumage).jpg|center|128px]] | Pluvialis squatarola | [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis squatarola|Pluvialis squatarola]] | | 77 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | Q755737 | [[feadóg ghlórach]] | [[Íomhá:Juvenile killdeer.jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius vociferus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius vociferus|Charadrius vociferus]] | | 61 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | Q468009 | [[feadóg mhionbhosach]] | [[Íomhá:Semipalmated plover in Quogue (26942).jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius semipalmatus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius semipalmatus|Charadrius semipalmatus]] | | 47.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | Q18851 | [[feadóigín chladaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Charadrius dubius (49820761043).jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius dubius | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius dubius|Charadrius dubius]] | 7.7 gram | 45 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | Q18855 | [[feadóigín chosdubh]] | [[Íomhá:Charadrius alexandrinus - Kentish Plover 03.jpg|center|128px]] | Charadrius alexandrinus | [[:commons:Category:Charadrius alexandrinus|Charadrius alexandrinus]] | 47 gram | 42.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | Q25405 | [[Caróg liath|feannóg]] | [[Íomhá:Corvus cornix (33515567265).jpg|center|128px]] | Corvus cornix | [[:commons:Category:Corvus cornix|Corvus cornix]] | | 98 ceintiméadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | Q168514 | [[Fearán Eorpach|fearán]] | [[Íomhá:2015-05-21 Streptopelia turtur, Sutton Bank, Yorkshire 06.jpg|center|128px]] | Streptopelia turtur | [[:commons:Category:Streptopelia turtur|Streptopelia turtur]] | 8.2 gram<br/>136 gram | 50 ceintiméadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | Q54696 | [[fearán baicdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN2357 (3).jpg|center|128px]] | Streptopelia decaocto | [[:commons:Category:Streptopelia decaocto|Streptopelia decaocto]] | 9.2 gram<br/>193 gram | 30 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | Q750027 | [[fearán gubhach]] | [[Íomhá:Mourning dove perched (61179).jpg|center|128px]] | Zenaida macroura | [[:commons:Category:Zenaida macroura|Zenaida macroura]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | Q391198 | [[Colm gáiriteach|fearán pailme]] | [[Íomhá:140 Laughing dove in Twyfelfontein Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|128px]] | Spilopelia senegalensis | [[:commons:Category:Spilopelia senegalensis|Spilopelia senegalensis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | Q25357 | [[fiach dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Common Raven (Corvus corax) (11793963694).jpg|center|128px]] | Corvus corax | [[:commons:Category:Corvus corax|Corvus corax]] | 689 gram<br/>1625 gram<br/>1041 gram<br/>25 gram | 120 ceintiméadar<br/>150 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | Q25393 | [[filiméala]] | [[Íomhá:Luscinia megarhynchos - Common nightingale - Nachtegaal.jpg|center|128px]] | Luscinia megarhynchos | [[:commons:Category:Luscinia megarhynchos|Luscinia megarhynchos]] | 2.65 gram | 24 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | Q206130 | [[filiméala smólaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Luscinia luscinia vogelartinfo chris romeiks CHR3635.jpg|center|128px]] | Luscinia luscinia | [[:commons:Category:Luscinia luscinia|Luscinia luscinia]] | 3.06 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | Q192058 | [[foitheach cluasach]] | [[Íomhá:Podiceps auritus (13909575538) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Podiceps auritus | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps auritus|Podiceps auritus]] | 22.5 gram<br/>449.5 gram | 62 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | Q579718 | [[foitheach gob-alabhreac]] | [[Íomhá:Pied-billed Grebe (53638106406) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Podilymbus podiceps | [[:commons:Category:Podilymbus podiceps|Podilymbus podiceps]] | 20.5 gram<br/>522 gram<br/>358 gram | 54 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | Q25422 | [[foitheach mór]] | [[Íomhá:Great Crested Grebe (52909695022).jpg|center|128px]] | Podiceps cristatus | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps cristatus|Podiceps cristatus]] | 39.5 gram<br/>920 gram<br/>830 gram | 88 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | Q185183 | [[foitheach píbdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Eared Grebe, breeding plumage (33774036404).jpg|center|128px]] | Podiceps nigricollis | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps nigricollis|Podiceps nigricollis]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | Q179919 | [[foitheach píbrua]] | [[Íomhá:Podiceps grisegena (33665871935).jpg|center|128px]] | Podiceps grisegena | [[:commons:Category:Podiceps grisegena|Podiceps grisegena]] | 30.5 gram<br/>873.5 gram<br/>785.4 gram | 0.725 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | Q21062 | [[foracha]] | [[Íomhá:Guillemot (Uria aalge) in flight.jpg|center|128px]] | Uria aalge | [[:commons:Category:Uria aalge|Uria aalge]] | 108 gram | 0.707 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | Q212055 | [[foracha dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Tystie1.jpg|center|128px]] | Cepphus grylle | [[:commons:Category:Cepphus grylle|Cepphus grylle]] | 381 gram | 55 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | Q285165 | [[Francolin dubh|francóilín dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Francolinus francolinus, Azerbaijan.jpg|center|128px]] | Francolinus francolinus | [[:commons:Category:Francolinus francolinus|Francolinus francolinus]] | 425 gram<br/>355 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | Q25961 | [[Alauda arvensis|fuiseog]] | [[Íomhá:Alouette des champs Zaghouan001.jpg|center|128px]] | Alauda arvensis | [[:commons:Category:Alauda arvensis|Alauda arvensis]] | | 0.35 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | Q207249 | [[fuiseog adharcach]] | [[Íomhá:Eremophila alpestris flava, Blyth 3.jpg|center|128px]] | Eremophila alpestris | [[:commons:Category:Eremophila alpestris|Eremophila alpestris]] | | 32 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | Q470853 | [[Fuiseog chalandra|fuiseog aithriseach]] | [[Íomhá:Bereşe.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanocorypha calandra | [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha calandra|Melanocorypha calandra]] | 63 gram<br/>55 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | Q1137284 | [[fuiseog bháneiteach]] | [[Íomhá:White-winged Lark - Kazakistan S4E0496 (16947462615).jpg|center|128px]] | Alauda leucoptera | [[:commons:Category:Alauda leucoptera|Alauda leucoptera]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | Q26969 | [[fuiseog choille]] | [[Íomhá:Lullula arborea (Ján Svetlík).jpg|center|128px]] | Lullula arborea | [[:commons:Category:Lullula arborea|Lullula arborea]] | | 29 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | Q318893 | [[Fuiseog Elton|fuiseog dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Zwarte leeuwerik.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanocorypha yeltoniensis | [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha yeltoniensis|Melanocorypha yeltoniensis]] | 4.34 gram<br/>63.7 gram<br/>56.4 gram | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | Q819885 | [[fuiseog dhébhallach]] | [[Íomhá:Melanocorypha bimaculata 117209398.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanocorypha bimaculata | [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha bimaculata|Melanocorypha bimaculata]] | 4.04 gram<br/>54 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | Q24843 | [[fuiseog ladharghearr]] | [[Íomhá:Alondra.jpg|center|128px]] | Calandrella brachydactyla | [[:commons:Category:Calandrella brachydactyla|Calandrella brachydactyla]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | Q525871 | [[fuiseog oirthearach]] | [[Íomhá:Oriental Lark (49172375968).jpg|center|128px]] | Alauda gulgula | [[:commons:Category:Alauda gulgula|Alauda gulgula]] | | | 10 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | Q25429 | [[fáinleog]] | [[Íomhá:Barn Swallow (95504589).jpeg|center|128px]] | Hirundo rustica | [[:commons:Category:Hirundo rustica|Hirundo rustica]] | | 0.32 méadar | 13.5 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | Q26055 | [[gabhlán binne]] | [[Íomhá:Delichon urbica.jpg|center|128px]] | Delichon urbicum | [[:commons:Category:Delichon urbicum|Delichon urbicum]] | | 0.29 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | Q165923 | [[gabhlán bánlíoch]] | [[Íomhá:Apus pallidus -Greece-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Apus pallidus | [[:commons:Category:Apus pallidus|Apus pallidus]] | 3.5 gram<br/>41.3 gram | 0.44 méadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | Q213216 | [[gabhlán creige Eoráiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Ptyonoprogne rupestris -Europe-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Ptyonoprogne rupestris | [[:commons:Category:Ptyonoprogne rupestris|Ptyonoprogne rupestris]] | 2.08 gram<br/>20 gram | 0.32 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | Q31769 | [[gabhlán earrspíonach]] | [[Íomhá:White-throated Needletail 09a.jpg|center|128px]] | Hirundapus caudacutus | [[:commons:Category:Hirundapus caudacutus|Hirundapus caudacutus]] | | | 40 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | Q25909 | [[gabhlán gainimh]] | [[Íomhá:Riparia riparia -Markinch, Fife, Scotland -flying-8-4c.jpg|center|128px]] | Riparia riparia | [[:commons:Category:Riparia riparia|Riparia riparia]] | | 0.27 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | Q25377 | [[gabhlán gaoithe]] | [[Íomhá:Common Swift 2025 07 18 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Apus apus | [[:commons:Category:Apus apus|Apus apus]] | 3.5 gram | 0.4 méadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | Q321267 | [[Gabhlán Alpach|gabhlán gaoithe alpach]] | [[Íomhá:Alpine. Swift at kattampally.jpg|center|128px]] | Tachymarptis melba | [[:commons:Category:Tachymarptis melba|Tachymarptis melba]] | 6.05 gram<br/>96 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | Q611324 | [[Gabhlán beag|gabhlán gaoithe beag]] | [[Íomhá:Little Swift - Aberdares - Kenya.jpg|center|128px]] | Apus affinis | [[:commons:Category:Apus affinis|Apus affinis]] | | | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | Q912863 | [[gabhlán simléir]] | [[Íomhá:Chaetura pelagica, by Lake Erie, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 339593191.jpg|center|128px]] | Chaetura pelagica | [[:commons:Category:Chaetura pelagica|Chaetura pelagica]] | 23.6 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | Q128002 | [[gaineamhchearc Pallas]] | [[Íomhá:Syrrhapte paradoxal (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Syrrhaptes paradoxus | [[:commons:Category:Syrrhaptes paradoxus|Syrrhaptes paradoxus]] | 21 gram | 69 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | Q18875 | [[Geabhróg choiteann|geabhróg]] | [[Íomhá:Common tern 2025 07 08 08.jpg|center|128px]] | Sterna hirundo | [[:commons:Category:Sterna hirundo|Sterna hirundo]] | | 0.88 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | Q26800 | [[geabhróg Artach]] | [[Íomhá:00 3786. Küstenseeschwalbe.jpg|center|128px]] | Sterna paradisaea | [[:commons:Category:Sterna paradisaea|Sterna paradisaea]] | 114 gram | 0.8 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | Q12267692 | [[geabhróg bheag]] | [[Íomhá:Sternula albifrons - Boat Harbour.jpg|center|128px]] | Sternula albifrons | [[:commons:Category:Sternula albifrons|Sternula albifrons]] | 10 gram<br/>57 gram | 0.52 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | Q233616 | [[geabhróg bhroinndubh]] | [[Íomhá:Chlidonias hybrida 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Chlidonias hybrida | [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias hybrida|Chlidonias hybrida]] | 90 gram<br/>78 gram | 67 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | Q241753 | [[geabhróg bháneiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Chlidonias leucopterus Mai Po.jpg|center|128px]] | Chlidonias leucopterus | [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias leucopterus|Chlidonias leucopterus]] | 10.5 gram | 0.65 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | Q27129 | [[geabhróg Chaispeach]] | [[Íomhá:Sterna-caspia-010.jpg|center|128px]] | Hydroprogne caspia | [[:commons:Category:Hydroprogne caspia|Hydroprogne caspia]] | 680 gram<br/>588 gram | 133.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | Q27215 | [[geabhróg dhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Chlidonias niger.jpg|center|128px]] | Chlidonias niger | [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias niger|Chlidonias niger]] | 11 gram<br/>60 gram | 0.539 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | Q18834 | [[geabhróg ghobdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Gelochelidon nilotica 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Gelochelidon nilotica | [[:commons:Category:Gelochelidon nilotica|Gelochelidon nilotica]] | | 94 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | Q321293 | [[geabhróg rósach]] | [[Íomhá:2020-07-18 Sterna dougallii, St Marys Island, Northumberland 19.jpg|center|128px]] | Sterna dougallii | [[:commons:Category:Sterna dougallii|Sterna dougallii]] | | 76 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | Q27547 | [[geabhróg scothdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:2020-07-18 Thalasseus sandvicensis, St Marys Island, Northumberland 05.jpg|center|128px]] | Thalasseus sandvicensis | [[:commons:Category:Thalasseus sandvicensis|Thalasseus sandvicensis]] | | 1 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | Q14683 | [[gealbhan binne]] | [[Íomhá:House Sparrow, England - May 09.jpg|center|128px]] | Passer domesticus | [[:commons:Category:Passer domesticus|Passer domesticus]] | | 239 millimetre | |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | Q25968 | [[gealbhan crainn]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian Tree Sparrow (3352252620).jpg|center|128px]] | Passer montanus | [[:commons:Category:Passer montanus|Passer montanus]] | | 21 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | Q736313 | [[Gealbhan petronia|gealbhan creige]] | [[Íomhá:Petronia petronia -Ariege, Midi-Pyrenee, France-8-4c.jpg|center|128px]] | Petronia petronia | [[:commons:Category:Petronia petronia|Petronia petronia]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | Q1318638 | [[Gealbhan ladharghearr|gealbhan mílítheach]] | [[Íomhá:Carpospiza brachydactyla.jpg|center|128px]] | Carpospiza brachydactyla | [[:commons:Category:Carpospiza brachydactyla|Carpospiza brachydactyla]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | Q422873 | [[gealbhan sionnaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Fuchsammer (Passerella iliaca), St. Louis County (Minnesota).jpg|center|128px]] | Passerella iliaca | [[:commons:Category:Passerella iliaca|Passerella iliaca]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | Q499290 | [[Glasán gléigeal|gealbhan sneachta]] | [[Íomhá:Montifringilla nivalis Francer.jpg|center|128px]] | Montifringilla nivalis | [[:commons:Category:Montifringilla nivalis|Montifringilla nivalis]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | Q466200 | [[Gealbhan Easpáinneach|gealbhan Spáinneach]] | [[Íomhá:Passer hispaniolensis -Canary Islands, Spain -female-8 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Passer hispaniolensis | [[:commons:Category:Passer hispaniolensis|Passer hispaniolensis]] | | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | Q27220 | [[gealóg bhuachair]] | [[Íomhá:Miliaria calandra-Corn Bunting.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza calandra | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza calandra|Emberiza calandra]] | | 29 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | Q334183 | [[gealóg cheanndubh]] | [[Íomhá:28-090504-black-headed-bunting-at-first-layby.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza melanocephala | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza melanocephala|Emberiza melanocephala]] | 3.08 gram<br/>28 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | Q842599 | [[Gealbhan ceoil|Gealóg cheoil]] | [[Íomhá:Song sparrow in Prospect Park (93031).jpg|center|128px]] | Melospiza melodia | [[:commons:Category:Melospiza melodia|Melospiza melodia]] | 24 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | Q206630 | [[gealóg gharraí]] | [[Íomhá:Ortolan bunting in Sierra de Guara, Aragon, Spain.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza hortulana | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza hortulana|Emberiza hortulana]] | 2.48 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | Q26961 | [[gealóg ghiolcaí]] | [[Íomhá:2014-06-01 Emberiza schoeniclus, Swallow Pond, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza schoeniclus | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza schoeniclus|Emberiza schoeniclus]] | | 24 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | Q837753 | [[Gealóg Chretzschmar|gealóg liathghorm]] | [[Íomhá:Emberiza caesia Naumann.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza caesia | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza caesia|Emberiza caesia]] | 2.31 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | Q648313 | [[Gealóg Bhuchanan|gealóg liathmhuinceach]] | [[Íomhá:GreyNeckedBunting PrasadBR.jpg|center|128px]] | Emberiza buchanani | [[:commons:Category:Emberiza buchanani|Emberiza buchanani]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | Q26416 | [[gealóg shneachta]] | [[Íomhá:Plectrophenax nivalis P3130099.jpg|center|128px]] | Plectrophenax nivalis | [[:commons:Category:Plectrophenax nivalis|Plectrophenax nivalis]] | | 35 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | Q28358 | [[Gearg choiteann|gearg]] | [[Íomhá:Coturnix coturnix, Fraunberg, Bayern, Deutschland 2, Ausschnitt.jpg|center|128px]] | Coturnix coturnix | [[:commons:Category:Coturnix coturnix|Coturnix coturnix]] | 8.2 gram | 34 ceintiméadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | Q142651 | [[gearg bhabaight]] | [[Íomhá:071 - NORTHERN BOBWHITE (1-15-09) falcon lake st park, tx (8718708333).jpg|center|128px]] | Colinus virginianus | [[:commons:Category:Colinus virginianus|Colinus virginianus]] | 8.9 gram<br/>171 gram | 34.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | Q852146 | [[gearg Himiléach]] | [[Íomhá:Ophrysia superciliosa hm.jpg|center|128px]] | Ophrysia superciliosa | [[:commons:Category:Ophrysia superciliosa|Ophrysia superciliosa]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | Q716869 | [[gearg Sheapánach]] | [[Íomhá:Coturnix japonica, Yehliu, Taiwan 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Coturnix japonica | [[:commons:Category:Coturnix japonica|Coturnix japonica]] | 8 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | Q237670 | [[gearr Baillon]] | [[Íomhá:Baillon's Crake in Baruipur February 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 03.jpg|center|128px]] | Zapornia pusilla | [[:commons:Category:Zapornia pusilla|Zapornia pusilla]] | 35 gram | | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | Q270680 | [[gearr beag]] | [[Íomhá:Porzana parva (50).jpg|center|128px]] | Zapornia parva | [[:commons:Category:Zapornia parva|Zapornia parva]] | 7.9 gram | 36.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | Q194024 | [[gearr breac]] | [[Íomhá:Porzana porzana 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Porzana porzana | [[:commons:Category:Porzana porzana|Porzana porzana]] | 10.9 gram<br/>80 gram | 0.38 méadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | Q936740 | [[gearr sora]] | [[Íomhá:Sora (Porzana carolina).jpg|center|128px]] | Porzana carolina | [[:commons:Category:Porzana carolina|Porzana carolina]] | 8.9 gram | 37.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | Q110257516 | [[Gilphíb choiteann|Gilphíb]] | [[Íomhá:Dorngrasmücke im Geo-Naturpark Bergstraße-Odenwald.jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca communis | [[:commons:Category:Curruca communis|Curruca communis]] | 1.78 gram<br/>14.5 gram | 20 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | Q110257504 | [[Gilphíb bheag]] | [[Íomhá:Klappergrasmücke (Curruca curruca) 3, Filey, North Yorkshire.jpg|center|128px]] | Curruca curruca | [[:commons:Category:Curruca curruca|Curruca curruca]] | | 18 ceintiméadar | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | Q27075785 | [[glasán darach]] | [[Íomhá:Carduelis chloris Oulu 20120507.JPG|center|128px]] | Chloris chloris | [[:commons:Category:Chloris chloris|Chloris chloris]] | 2.17 gram | 0.25 méadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | Q559977 | [[Glasán cródheargach|glasán deargeiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Crimson-winged Finch (Rhodopechys sanguineus) (29935889654) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Rhodopechys sanguineus | [[:commons:Category:Rhodopechys sanguineus|Rhodopechys sanguineus]] | | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | Q174088 | [[glasán gobmhór]] | [[Íomhá:Coccothraustes coccothraustes 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Coccothraustes coccothraustes | [[:commons:Category:Coccothraustes coccothraustes|Coccothraustes coccothraustes]] | | 31 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | Q921335 | [[glasán Mongólach]] | [[Íomhá:BirdsAsiaJohnGoVGoul 0128 cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | Bucanetes mongolicus | [[:commons:Category:Bucanetes mongolicus|Bucanetes mongolicus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | Q559883 | [[Glasán cogalach|glasán trumpa]] | [[Íomhá:Bucanetes githagineus amantum 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Bucanetes githagineus | [[:commons:Category:Bucanetes githagineus|Bucanetes githagineus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | Q25984 | [[glasóg bhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Schafstelze - Auenlandschaft Hohenrode HA 222 Landkreis Schaumburg.jpg|center|128px]] | Motacilla flava | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla flava|Motacilla flava]] | | 0.26 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | Q25399 | [[glasóg bhán]] | [[Íomhá:20180415 015 Winterswijk Witte kwikstaart (40785272624).jpg|center|128px]] | Motacilla alba | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla alba|Motacilla alba]] | | 0.26 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | Q206540 | [[glasóg chiotrónach]] | [[Íomhá:Citrine Wagtail (Motacilla citreola)- Breeding Male of calcarata race at Bharatpur I IMG 5752.jpg|center|128px]] | Motacilla citreola | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla citreola|Motacilla citreola]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | Q201316 | [[glasóg liath]] | [[Íomhá:Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea (39682090233).jpg|center|128px]] | Motacilla cinerea | [[:commons:Category:Motacilla cinerea|Motacilla cinerea]] | 1.91 gram<br/>17.4 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | Q27075852 | [[gleoiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Carduelis cannabina -England -male-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Linaria cannabina | [[:commons:Category:Linaria cannabina|Linaria cannabina]] | 1.66 gram<br/>19 gram | 0.24 méadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | Q582976 | [[Glaséan súildearg|Gleoiseach shúildearg]] | [[Íomhá:Vireo olivaceus -Madison -Wisconsin -USA-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Vireo olivaceus | [[:commons:Category:Vireo olivaceus|Vireo olivaceus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | Q10965357 | [[gleoiseach sléibhe]] | [[Íomhá:Carduelis flavirostris.jpg|center|128px]] | Linaria flavirostris | [[:commons:Category:Linaria flavirostris|Linaria flavirostris]] | 1.37 gram | 23 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | Q839834 | [[gobach mór broinnrósach]] | [[Íomhá:Pheucticus ludovicianus CT2.jpg|center|128px]] | Pheucticus ludovicianus | [[:commons:Category:Pheucticus ludovicianus|Pheucticus ludovicianus]] | 44 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | Q788649 | [[gobadáinín Baird]] | [[Íomhá:Baird's sandpiper (Calidris bairdii) 03.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris bairdii | [[:commons:Category:Calidris bairdii|Calidris bairdii]] | 9.6 gram | 38 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | Q27232 | [[gobadáinín beag]] | [[Íomhá:Little Stint (Calidris minuta) (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris minuta | [[:commons:Category:Calidris minuta|Calidris minuta]] | 6.3 gram<br/>24 gram<br/>27.1 gram | 36 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | Q913052 | [[gobadáinín bídeach]] | [[Íomhá:Least Sandpiper.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris minutilla | [[:commons:Category:Calidris minutilla|Calidris minutilla]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | Q62345 | [[gobadáinín crotaigh]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris ferruginea (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris ferruginea | [[:commons:Category:Calidris ferruginea|Calidris ferruginea]] | 12 gram | 44 ceintiméadar | 19 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | Q845969 | [[gobadáinín ladharfhada]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris subminuta - Pak Thale.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris subminuta | [[:commons:Category:Calidris subminuta|Calidris subminuta]] | 7.5 gram<br/>29 gram<br/>32 gram | 30.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | Q18860 | [[gobadáinín píbrua]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris ruficollis - Marion Bay.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris ruficollis | [[:commons:Category:Calidris ruficollis|Calidris ruficollis]] | 8.3 gram<br/>26 gram | 31 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | Q58921 | [[gobadáinín Temminck]] | [[Íomhá:Temminck's Stint in Bakkhali September 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris temminckii | [[:commons:Category:Calidris temminckii|Calidris temminckii]] | 5.8 gram<br/>24.3 gram<br/>27.8 gram | 36 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | Q18850 | [[Gobadán coiteann|gobadán]] | [[Íomhá:Actitis hypoleucos - Laem Pak Bia.jpg|center|128px]] | Actitis hypoleucos | [[:commons:Category:Actitis hypoleucos|Actitis hypoleucos]] | | 0.273 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | Q599749 | [[gobadán bánphrompach]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris fuscicollis.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris fuscicollis | [[:commons:Category:Calidris fuscicollis|Calidris fuscicollis]] | 10.8 gram<br/>39.7 gram<br/>45.8 gram | 37 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | Q18837 | [[gobadán coille]] | [[Íomhá:Wood Sandpiper (50206067826), crop.jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa glareola | [[:commons:Category:Tringa glareola|Tringa glareola]] | 13.5 gram<br/>62 gram<br/>73 gram | 0.4 méadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | Q62359 | [[gobadán cosbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Purple Sandpiper ( Calidris maritima ) ... Filey Brig , Yorkshire (53266204391).jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris maritima | [[:commons:Category:Calidris maritima|Calidris maritima]] | 67.6 gram<br/>76.3 gram | 44 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | Q753760 | [[gobadán earr-rinneach]] | [[Íomhá:Calidris acuminata - Hexham Swamp.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris acuminata | [[:commons:Category:Calidris acuminata|Calidris acuminata]] | 13.7 gram<br/>70.3 gram<br/>63.5 gram | 39.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | Q28450 | [[gobadán glas]] | [[Íomhá:Green Sandpiper ( Tringa ochropus ) ... Tophill Low , Yorkshire (53182606905).jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa ochropus | [[:commons:Category:Tringa ochropus|Tringa ochropus]] | 15.5 gram<br/>75 gram<br/>85 gram | 59 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | Q28114227 | [[Gobadán gobleathan]] | [[Íomhá:Broad billed sandpiper by Sreedev Puthur.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris falcinellus | [[:commons:Category:Calidris falcinellus|Calidris falcinellus]] | 9.1 gram<br/>37 gram | 36.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | Q839820 | [[gobadán scodalach]] | [[Íomhá:Stilt Sandpiper (29065008787).jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris himantopus | [[:commons:Category:Calidris himantopus|Calidris himantopus]] | | 42.5 ceintiméadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | Q530194 | [[gobadán sléibhe]] | [[Íomhá:Bartramia longicauda Orangeburg 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Bartramia longicauda | [[:commons:Category:Bartramia longicauda|Bartramia longicauda]] | | 66 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | Q18856 | [[gobadán Terek]] | [[Íomhá:Xenus cinereus (Alnus).jpg|center|128px]] | Xenus cinereus | [[:commons:Category:Xenus cinereus|Xenus cinereus]] | | 58 ceintiméadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | Q26578 | [[gormphíb]] | [[Íomhá:Blåhake - bluethroat (Luscinia svecica)-5 - Flickr - Ragnhild & Neil Crawford.jpg|center|128px]] | Luscinia svecica | [[:commons:Category:Luscinia svecica|Luscinia svecica]] | | 22 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | Q191683 | [[grús coimir]] | [[Íomhá:Demoiselle Cranes at Tal Chappar.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthropoides virgo | [[:commons:Category:Grus virgo|Grus virgo]] | | 167.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 314 | Q4764 | [[grús coiteann]] | [[Íomhá:2017.07.04.-01-Wendisch Rietz--Kranich.jpg|center|128px]] | Grus grus | [[:commons:Category:Grus grus|Grus grus]] | | 2.22 méadar | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 315 | Q457477 | [[grús Meiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:Grus americana Sasata.jpg|center|128px]] | Grus americana | [[:commons:Category:Grus americana|Grus americana]] | 7.497 cileagram | 215 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 316 | Q21949185 | [[grús Sibéarach]] | [[Íomhá:Schneekranich Grus leucogeranus 090501 We 147.JPG|center|128px]] | Leucogeranus leucogeranus | [[:commons:Category:Grus leucogeranus|Grus leucogeranus]] | 197 gram | 235 ceintiméadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 317 | Q27461 | [[guairdeall]] | [[Íomhá:Hydrobates pelagicus.jpg|center|128px]] | Hydrobates pelagicus | [[:commons:Category:Hydrobates pelagicus|Hydrobates pelagicus]] | | 38 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 318 | Q18841 | [[guilbneach earrdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:.00 2789 Uferschnepfe (Limosa limosa).jpg|center|128px]] | Limosa limosa | [[:commons:Category:Limosa limosa|Limosa limosa]] | 39 gram<br/>264 gram<br/>315 gram | 76 ceintiméadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 319 | Q283458 | [[Cnota mór|guilbneach Hudsúnach]] | [[Íomhá:Hudsonian Godwit - Churchill - Canada 01 (15657156459).jpg|center|128px]] | Limosa haemastica | [[:commons:Category:Limosa haemastica|Limosa haemastica]] | 37.5 gram<br/>222 gram<br/>289 gram | 73 ceintiméadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 320 | Q18864 | [[guilbneach stríocearrach]] | [[Íomhá:Bar-tailed Godwit.jpg|center|128px]] | Limosa lapponica | [[:commons:Category:Limosa lapponica|Limosa lapponica]] | 313 gram<br/>354 gram | 0.73 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 321 | Q371633 | [[guilbnín gobghearr]] | [[Íomhá:Short-billed Dowitcher breeding RWD.jpg|center|128px]] | Limnodromus griseus | [[:commons:Category:Limnodromus griseus|Limnodromus griseus]] | 113 gram | 48 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 322 | Q83020448 | [[Seaga|Gulosus aristotelis]] | [[Íomhá:Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis.jpg|center|128px]] | Gulosus aristotelis | [[:commons:Category:Gulosus aristotelis|Gulosus aristotelis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 323 | Q177856 | [[Bultúr gríofa|Gyps fulvus]] | [[Íomhá:Gyps fulvus -Basque Country-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Gyps fulvus | [[:commons:Category:Gyps fulvus|Gyps fulvus]] | 252 gram<br/>8.328 cileagram | 2.591 méadar | 54 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 324 | Q212937 | [[gé alabhreac chosbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Magpie goose.jpg|center|128px]] | Anseranas semipalmata | [[:commons:Category:Anseranas semipalmata|Anseranas semipalmata]] | 128 gram | 155 ceintiméadar<br/>145 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 325 | Q187852 | [[gé bhroinnrua]] | [[Íomhá:Brantha ruficollis In Taimyr Reserve.jpg|center|128px]] | Branta ruficollis | [[:commons:Category:Branta ruficollis|Branta ruficollis]] | 1.095 cileagram<br/>90 gram<br/>1.375 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 326 | Q172093 | [[gé bhánéadanach]] | [[Íomhá:2020-03-04 Anser albifrons flavirostris, Gosforth Park, Northumberland 07.jpg|center|128px]] | Anser albifrons | [[:commons:Category:Anser albifrons|Anser albifrons]] | | 1.41 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 327 | Q26733 | [[gé Cheanadach]] | [[Íomhá:Bernaches du Canada 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Branta canadensis | [[:commons:Category:Branta canadensis|Branta canadensis]] | 3.814 cileagram<br/>3.314 cileagram<br/>5 cileagram | 1.69 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 328 | Q26680 | [[gé ghiúrainn]] | [[Íomhá:Barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis).jpg|center|128px]] | Branta leucopsis | [[:commons:Category:Branta leucopsis|Branta leucopsis]] | 107 gram<br/>1.788 cileagram<br/>1.586 cileagram | 1.08 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 329 | Q25882 | [[gé ghlas]] | [[Íomhá:00 3688 Graugans (Anser anser).jpg|center|128px]] | Anser anser | [[:commons:Category:Anser anser|Anser anser]] | 160 gram<br/>3.692 cileagram<br/>3.237 cileagram | 1.55 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 330 | Q244189 | [[Gé Hutchins|gé ghogallach]] | [[Íomhá:AleutianCanadaGoose2.jpg|center|128px]] | Branta hutchinsii | [[:commons:Category:Branta hutchinsii|Branta hutchinsii]] | | | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 331 | Q658658 | [[gé ghormeiteach Aibisíneach]] | [[Íomhá:Blue-winged goose (Cyanochen cyanoptera).jpg|center|128px]] | Cyanochen cyanoptera | [[:commons:Category:Cyanochen cyanoptera|Cyanochen cyanoptera]] | 52 gram<br/>2.18 cileagram | | 32 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 332 | Q755653 | [[Gé impireach|gé impiriúil]] | [[Íomhá:An emperor goose in flight (53706721602).jpg|center|128px]] | Anser canagicus | [[:commons:Category:Anser canagicus|Anser canagicus]] | | 119 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 333 | Q766276 | [[gé luaithcheannach]] | [[Íomhá:Chloephaga poliocephala -Patagonia-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Chloephaga poliocephala | [[:commons:Category:Chloephaga poliocephala|Chloephaga poliocephala]] | 89 gram<br/>2.233 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 334 | Q837402 | [[gé mhongach]] | [[Íomhá:Australian wood duck - male.jpg|center|128px]] | Chenonetta jubata | [[:commons:Category:Chenonetta jubata|Chenonetta jubata]] | 54 gram<br/>807 gram | 79 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 335 | Q129036 | [[gé shléibhe]] | [[Íomhá:Chloephaga picta.jpg|center|128px]] | Chloephaga picta | [[:commons:Category:Chloephaga picta|Chloephaga picta]] | 73 gram<br/>3.17 cileagram<br/>2.69 cileagram | 1.29 méadar | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 336 | Q27074540 | [[gé shneachta]] | [[Íomhá:Snow Goose (24510697391).jpg|center|128px]] | Anser caerulescens | [[:commons:Category:Anser caerulescens|Anser caerulescens]] | 127 gram<br/>2.63 cileagram | 148.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 337 | Q247412 | [[gé sporeiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Spur-winged Geese (Plectropterus gambensis niger) male.jpg|center|128px]] | Plectropterus gambensis | [[:commons:Category:Plectropterus gambensis|Plectropterus gambensis]] | 5.4 cileagram<br/>4.375 cileagram<br/>140 gram | | 31 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 338 | Q191125 | [[gé stríoc-cheannach]] | [[Íomhá:Bar-headed Goose by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN7530 (23).jpg|center|128px]] | Anser indicus | [[:commons:Category:Anser indicus|Anser indicus]] | 141 gram<br/>2.505 cileagram<br/>2.23 cileagram | 150 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 339 | Q257006 | [[gé Thasmánach]] | [[Íomhá:Cereopsis novaehollandiae 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Cereopsis novaehollandiae | [[:commons:Category:Cereopsis novaehollandiae|Cereopsis novaehollandiae]] | 137 gram<br/>5.29 cileagram<br/>3.77 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 340 | Q274179 | [[Gé Éigipteach]] | [[Íomhá:Egyptian goose (05659).jpg|center|128px]] | Alopochen aegyptiaca | [[:commons:Category:Alopochen aegyptiaca|Alopochen aegyptiaca]] | | 144 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 341 | Q62168711 | [[Ceolaire casarnaí Pallas|Helopsaltes certhiola]] | [[Íomhá:Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler by Tisha Mukherjee 14.jpg|center|128px]] | Helopsaltes certhiola | [[:commons:Category:Helopsaltes certhiola|Helopsaltes certhiola]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 342 | Q25247 | [[húpú]] | [[Íomhá:Common Hoopoe Photograph By Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|center|128px]] | Upupa epops | [[:commons:Category:Upupa epops|Upupa epops]] | | 44 ceintiméadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 343 | Q17970 | [[iabairiú]] | [[Íomhá:Jabiru Mato Grosso Pantanal Brazil-2.jpg|center|128px]] | Jabiru mycteria | [[:commons:Category:Jabiru mycteria|Jabiru mycteria]] | | 245 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 344 | Q232523 | [[Iolar breac beag|iolar beag breac]] | [[Íomhá:Aquila pomarina orlik krzykliwyAM.jpg|center|128px]] | Clanga pomarina | [[:commons:Category:Clanga pomarina|Clanga pomarina]] | 88 gram<br/>1.258 cileagram<br/>1.693 cileagram | | 39 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 345 | Q182971 | [[iolar crúbchlúmhach]] | [[Íomhá:Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus, at Kgalagadi Transfrontier Pa (32334023348).jpg|center|128px]] | Hieraaetus pennatus | [[:commons:Category:Hieraaetus pennatus|Hieraaetus pennatus]] | 62 gram<br/>709 gram<br/>975 gram | 1.11 méadar | 38 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 346 | Q41181 | [[iolar fíréan]] | [[Íomhá:Maakotka (Aquila chrysaetos) by Jarkko Järvinen.jpg|center|128px]] | Aquila chrysaetos | [[:commons:Category:Aquila chrysaetos|Aquila chrysaetos]] | 3.572 cileagram<br/>5.194 cileagram | 2.03 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 347 | Q53745 | [[iolar hairpí]] | [[Íomhá:Harpia-harpyja-001.jpg|center|128px]] | Harpia harpyja | [[:commons:Category:Harpia harpyja|Harpia harpyja]] | 4.4 cileagram<br/>7.5 cileagram | 188.5 ceintiméadar | 56 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 348 | Q168976 | [[iolar impiriúil]] | [[Íomhá:Eastern Imperial Eagle cr.jpg|center|128px]] | Aquila heliaca | [[:commons:Category:Aquila heliaca|Aquila heliaca]] | 2.585 cileagram<br/>3.845 cileagram<br/>132 gram | 197.5 ceintiméadar | 44 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 349 | Q170251 | [[Iolar nathartha gearrladhrach|iolar ladharghearr]] | [[Íomhá:Circaetus gallicus - Short-toed snake-eagleı 02-1.jpg|center|128px]] | Circaetus gallicus | [[:commons:Category:Circaetus gallicus|Circaetus gallicus]] | 136 gram | 177 ceintiméadar | 46 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 350 | Q127216 | [[iolar maol]] | [[Íomhá:Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Kachemak Bay, Alaska.jpg|center|128px]] | Haliaeetus leucocephalus | [[:commons:Category:Haliaeetus leucocephalus|Haliaeetus leucocephalus]] | 117 gram<br/>4.13 cileagram<br/>5.35 cileagram | 2.3 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 351 | Q25438 | [[Iolar mara earrbhán|iolar mara]] | [[Íomhá:Adult White-tailed Eagle defending prey, Rezerwat Gostynin-Wloclawek, Poland.jpg|center|128px]] | Haliaeetus albicilla | [[:commons:Category:Haliaeetus albicilla|Haliaeetus albicilla]] | 142 gram<br/>4.014 cileagram<br/>5.572 cileagram | 2.18 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 352 | Q179359 | [[iolar steipeach]] | [[Íomhá:Мангистауская область, степной орёл.jpg|center|128px]] | Aquila nipalensis | [[:commons:Category:Aquila nipalensis|Aquila nipalensis]] | 117 gram<br/>2.459 cileagram<br/>2.987 cileagram | 2.03 méadar | 45 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 353 | Q888660 | [[Bonnán amhrasach|Ixobrychus dubius]] | [[Íomhá:Australian Little Bittern Sherwood Nov01.jpg|center|128px]] | Ixobrychus dubius | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus dubius|Botaurus dubius]] | | 45 ceintiméadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 354 | Q888651 | [[Bonnán scartha|Ixobrychus involucris]] | [[Íomhá:Ixobrychus involucris.jpg|center|128px]] | Ixobrychus involucris | [[:commons:Category:Botaurus involucris|Botaurus involucris]] | 80 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 355 | Q26444 | [[lacha bhadánach]] | [[Íomhá:Tufted Duck 09 05 2025 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya fuligula | [[:commons:Category:Aythya fuligula|Aythya fuligula]] | 56 gram | 0.71 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 356 | Q25495361 | [[lacha bháneiteach]] | [[Íomhá:White-winged wood duck.jpg|center|128px]] | Asarcornis scutulata | [[:commons:Category:Asarcornis scutulata|Asarcornis scutulata]] | 3.25 cileagram<br/>2.65 cileagram<br/>72.3 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 357 | Q597144 | [[lacha cheann-bhándearg]] | [[Íomhá:Rhodonessa caryophyllacea.jpg|center|128px]] | Rhodonessa caryophyllacea | [[:commons:Category:Rhodonessa caryophyllacea|Rhodonessa caryophyllacea]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 358 | Q241399 | [[lacha cheannbhán]] | [[Íomhá:Oxyura leucocephala, Clot-de-Galvany, Alicante 16.jpg|center|128px]] | Oxyura leucocephala | [[:commons:Category:Oxyura leucocephala|Oxyura leucocephala]] | 96 gram<br/>737 gram<br/>593 gram | 66 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 359 | Q322159 | [[lacha choille]] | [[Íomhá:Wood duck druid ridge cemetery 10.10.20 DSC 5487.jpg|center|128px]] | Aix sponsa | [[:commons:Category:Aix sponsa|Aix sponsa]] | | 71 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 360 | Q845292 | [[lacha chosrua]] | [[Íomhá:028 - AMERICAN BLACK DUCK (2-19-11) Quidi Vidi Lake, St John's, Newfoundland (8710694225).jpg|center|128px]] | Anas rubripes | [[:commons:Category:Anas rubripes|Anas rubripes]] | 1.252 cileagram<br/>1.111 cileagram | 90.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 361 | Q426968 | [[lacha chuircíneach]] | [[Íomhá:Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos, female, by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN8938 (1).jpg|center|128px]] | Sarkidiornis melanotos | [[:commons:Category:Sarkidiornis melanotos|Sarkidiornis melanotos]] | 66 gram<br/>1.455 cileagram<br/>1.777 cileagram | | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 362 | Q26597 | [[lacha earrfhada]] | [[Íomhá:Clangula-hyemalis-011.jpg|center|128px]] | Clangula hyemalis | [[:commons:Category:Clangula hyemalis|Clangula hyemalis]] | | 0.71 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 363 | Q654901 | [[lacha Fhilipíneach]] | [[Íomhá:Anas luzonica, Candaba Marsh, Luzon 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas luzonica | [[:commons:Category:Anas luzonica|Anas luzonica]] | 906 gram<br/>779 gram | 84 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 364 | Q535206 | [[lacha ghob-bhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Gelbschnabelente Anas undulata 0505273 Wikiausschnitt.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas undulata | [[:commons:Category:Anas undulata|Anas undulata]] | 55 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 365 | Q851349 | [[lacha ghobrósach]] | [[Íomhá:Netta peposaca - Miguel - 569265081 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]] | Netta peposaca | [[:commons:Category:Netta peposaca|Netta peposaca]] | 1.181 cileagram<br/>1.004 cileagram | | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 366 | Q845624 | [[lacha Hartlaub]] | [[Íomhá:Pteronetta hartlaubii (Hartlaub's Duck), Lac Mafoumi, Gabon 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Pteronetta hartlaubii | [[:commons:Category:Pteronetta hartlaubii|Pteronetta hartlaubii]] | 40 gram<br/>1.035 cileagram<br/>790 gram | | 31 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 367 | Q26635 | [[lacha iascán]] | [[Íomhá:2014-04-14 Aythya marila, female, Killingworth Lake, Northumberland 04.jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya marila | [[:commons:Category:Aythya marila|Aythya marila]] | | 0.82 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 368 | Q917490 | [[lacha Meller]] | [[Íomhá:Anas.melleri.3.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas melleri | [[:commons:Category:Anas melleri|Anas melleri]] | 45 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 369 | Q200339 | [[lacha mhandrach]] | [[Íomhá:Mandarin ducks by the Weiming Lake of Peking University 09.jpg|center|128px]] | Aix galericulata | [[:commons:Category:Aix galericulata|Aix galericulata]] | 41 gram | 71 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 370 | Q191723 | [[lacha mheirgeach]] | [[Íomhá:Ferruginous Pochard Aythya nyroca Male by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN2746 (12).jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya nyroca | [[:commons:Category:Aythya nyroca|Aythya nyroca]] | 43 gram<br/>583 gram<br/>520 gram | 65 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 371 | Q601055 | [[lacha mhuinceach]] | [[Íomhá:Ring-necked Duck (f) (26058476660).jpg|center|128px]] | Aythya collaris | [[:commons:Category:Aythya collaris|Aythya collaris]] | 744 gram<br/>671 gram | 68 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 372 | Q647461 | [[lacha rua]] | [[Íomhá:065 - RUDDY DUCK (11-27-07) fem, oso flaco, sloco, ca oso (1) (8718083235).jpg|center|128px]] | Oxyura jamaicensis | [[:commons:Category:Oxyura jamaicensis|Oxyura jamaicensis]] | 590 gram<br/>499 gram | 57.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 373 | Q28106837 | [[Rualacha|Lacha rua]] | [[Íomhá:1994. Марка России 0170 hi.jpg|center|128px]] | Mareca penelope | [[:commons:Category:Mareca penelope|Mareca penelope]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 374 | Q839542 | [[lacha spotghobach]] | [[Íomhá:Pair Indian Spot-billed Duck Karanji Mysore Dec23 A7C 08342.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas poecilorhyncha | [[:commons:Category:Anas poecilorhyncha|Anas poecilorhyncha]] | 57 gram<br/>1.365 cileagram<br/>1.025 cileagram | 0.689 méadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 375 | Q570379 | [[ladhrán buí]] | [[Íomhá:Greater Yellowlegs2.jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa melanoleuca | [[:commons:Category:Tringa melanoleuca|Tringa melanoleuca]] | 27.9 gram<br/>170 gram | 72 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 376 | Q18840 | [[laidhrín glas]] | [[Íomhá:Greenshank (Tringa nebularia).jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa nebularia | [[:commons:Category:Tringa nebularia|Tringa nebularia]] | 30.5 gram<br/>173 gram | 0.61 méadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 377 | Q25418 | [[lasair choille]] | [[Íomhá:Carduelis carduelis (2012).jpg|center|128px]] | Carduelis carduelis | [[:commons:Category:Carduelis carduelis|Carduelis carduelis]] | 1.53 gram | 0.24 méadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 378 | Q27471 | [[Lasairchíor choiteann|lasairchíor]] | [[Íomhá:Regulus ignicapilla Frank Vassen.jpg|center|128px]] | Regulus ignicapilla | [[:commons:Category:Regulus ignicapilla|Regulus ignicapilla]] | | 14 ceintiméadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 379 | Q179863 | [[Lasairéan mór|lasairéan]] | [[Íomhá:Flamant rose Thyna009.jpg|center|128px]] | Phoenicopterus roseus | [[:commons:Category:Phoenicopterus roseus|Phoenicopterus roseus]] | | 163.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 380 | Q644012 | [[Leptoptilos dubius]] | [[Íomhá:Greater Adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius).jpg|center|128px]] | Leptoptilos dubius | [[:commons:Category:Leptoptilos dubius|Leptoptilos dubius]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 381 | Q155878 | [[liathchearc]] | [[Íomhá:Birkhahn.jpg|center|128px]] | Lyrurus tetrix | [[:commons:Category:Lyrurus tetrix|Lyrurus tetrix]] | 1.175 cileagram<br/>925 gram<br/>35.5 gram | 72 ceintiméadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 382 | Q845408 | [[Cearc fhraoigh Chugasaigh|liathchearc cugasach]] | [[Íomhá:Tetras du caucase jogo 0g.jpg|center|128px]] | Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi | [[:commons:Category:Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi|Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi]] | 32.5 gram<br/>865 gram<br/>766 gram | | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 383 | Q178942 | [[liatráisc]] | [[Íomhá:Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus) (33847459792).jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus viscivorus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus viscivorus|Turdus viscivorus]] | | 0.44 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 384 | Q26641 | [[lon creige]] | [[Íomhá:2015-04-20 Turdus torquatus torquatus Cairngorm 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus torquatus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus torquatus|Turdus torquatus]] | 7.4 gram | 40 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 385 | Q58958 | [[luathrán]] | [[Íomhá:2014-05-25 Sanderling, Paignton Beach, Devon 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Calidris alba | [[:commons:Category:Calidris alba|Calidris alba]] | | 35 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 386 | Q184432 | [[lóma Artach]] | [[Íomhá:Gavia arctica1.jpg|center|128px]] | Gavia arctica | [[:commons:Category:Gavia arctica|Gavia arctica]] | | 1.2 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 387 | Q558990 | [[Lóma an Aigéin Chiúin|lóma ciúinmuirí]] | [[Íomhá:PacificLoon24.jpg|center|128px]] | Gavia pacifica | [[:commons:Category:Gavia pacifica|Gavia pacifica]] | 95 gram<br/>2.349 cileagram<br/>2.115 cileagram | | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 388 | Q26691 | [[lóma rua]] | [[Íomhá:Gavia stellata -Iceland -swimming-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Gavia stellata | [[:commons:Category:Gavia stellata|Gavia stellata]] | 1.729 cileagram<br/>1.477 cileagram | 1.04 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 389 | Q673417 | [[Malacocincla perspicillata]] | [[Íomhá:Enigma dari Karst Meratus.jpg|center|128px]] | Malacocincla perspicillata | [[:commons:Category:Malacocincla perspicillata|Malacocincla perspicillata]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 390 | Q25348 | [[mallard]] | [[Íomhá:Anas platyrhynchos (Male) on the ground.jpg|center|128px]] | Anas platyrhynchos | [[:commons:Category:Anas platyrhynchos|Anas platyrhynchos]] | | 0.88 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 391 | Q28106966 | [[Gadual|Mareca strepera]] | [[Íomhá:Anas strepera pair.jpg|center|128px]] | Mareca strepera | [[:commons:Category:Mareca strepera|Mareca strepera]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 392 | Q273067 | [[Meantán crochta|meantán crochadánach]] | [[Íomhá:Remiz pendulinus (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Remiz pendulinus | [[:commons:Category:Remiz pendulinus|Remiz pendulinus]] | 0.95 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 393 | Q192817 | [[meantán croiméalach]] | [[Íomhá:Bartmeise(Cropped) by Wolfram Riech.jpg|center|128px]] | Panurus biarmicus | [[:commons:Category:Panurus biarmicus|Panurus biarmicus]] | 1.88 gram<br/>15.3 gram | 17 ceintiméadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 394 | Q207831 | [[meantán cuircíneach]] | [[Íomhá:Lophophanes cristatus - 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Lophophanes cristatus | [[:commons:Category:Lophophanes cristatus|Lophophanes cristatus]] | 1.31 gram | 100000 millimetre | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 395 | Q574281 | [[Meantán gruama|meantán duairc]] | [[Íomhá:Poecile lugubris, Bulgaria 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Poecile lugubris | [[:commons:Category:Poecile lugubris|Poecile lugubris]] | 1.68 gram<br/>16.8 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 396 | Q191096 | [[meantán dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Coal Tit - Dugalbitta, Uttarakhand, India (15143483976).jpg|center|128px]] | Periparus ater | [[:commons:Category:Periparus ater|Periparus ater]] | 1.04 gram | 0.18 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 397 | Q170831 | [[meantán earrfhada]] | [[Íomhá:Long-tailed tit (74940).jpg|center|128px]] | Aegithalos caudatus | [[:commons:Category:Aegithalos caudatus|Aegithalos caudatus]] | | 18 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 398 | Q25404 | [[meantán gorm]] | [[Íomhá:Parus caeruleus1.jpg|center|128px]] | Cyanistes caeruleus | [[:commons:Category:Cyanistes caeruleus|Cyanistes caeruleus]] | 1.14 gram<br/>11.8 gram | 18 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 399 | Q4967039 | [[Meantán Hyrcaniach|meantán Iaránach]] | [[Íomhá:Poecile hyrcanus 122184675.jpg|center|128px]] | Poecile hyrcanus | [[:commons:Category:Poecile hyrcanus|Poecile hyrcanus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 400 | Q207838 | [[meantán lathaí]] | [[Íomhá:Sumpfmeise im NSG Hirschacker und Dossenwald 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Poecile palustris | [[:commons:Category:Poecile palustris|Poecile palustris]] | 1.24 gram<br/>11.9 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 401 | Q215211 | [[meantán léana]] | [[Íomhá:Parus montanus, Poland 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]] | Poecile montanus | [[:commons:Category:Poecile montanus|Poecile montanus]] | | 19 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 402 | Q25485 | [[meantán mór]] | [[Íomhá:Great tit (Parus major), Parc de Woluwé, Brussels (13042792905).jpg|center|128px]] | Parus major | [[:commons:Category:Parus major|Parus major]] | 1.68 gram<br/>18.5 gram | 0.23 méadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 403 | Q571268 | [[Stercorarius maccormicki|meirleach Antartach]] | [[Íomhá:Skua Terra Nova Bay 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Stercorarius maccormicki | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius maccormicki|Stercorarius maccormicki]] | 89.4 gram<br/>1.277 cileagram<br/>1.421 cileagram | 135 ceintiméadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 404 | Q203053 | [[meirleach Artach]] | [[Íomhá:2021-07-11 Parasitic jaeger chick.jpg|center|128px]] | Stercorarius parasiticus | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius parasiticus|Stercorarius parasiticus]] | | 1.06 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 405 | Q207760 | [[meirleach mór]] | [[Íomhá:GreatSkuaInWater.jpg|center|128px]] | Stercorarius skua | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius skua|Stercorarius skua]] | 111.7 gram<br/>1.735 cileagram<br/>1.935 cileagram | 136 ceintiméadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 406 | Q212767 | [[meirleach pomairíneach]] | [[Íomhá:Pomarine Skua ( Stercorarius pomarinus ) Adult summer ... Coatham Sands , Redcar (53247051024).jpg|center|128px]] | Stercorarius pomarinus | [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius pomarinus|Stercorarius pomarinus]] | 66 gram<br/>648 gram<br/>740 gram | 1.18 méadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 407 | Q131918 | [[meirliún]] | [[Íomhá:Falco columbarius PP.jpg|center|128px]] | Falco columbarius | [[:commons:Category:Falco columbarius|Falco columbarius]] | 162 gram<br/>212 gram | 60 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 408 | Q184518 | [[mionchnagaire breac]] | [[Íomhá:PicoidesMinorBack.jpg|center|128px]] | Dryobates minor | [[:commons:Category:Dryobates minor|Dryobates minor]] | | 26 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 409 | Q27075424 | [[Mionfhuiseog ladharghearr]] | [[Íomhá:Lesser Short-toed Lark Alaudala rufescens polatzeki, Fuerteventura.jpg|center|128px]] | Alaudala rufescens | [[:commons:Category:Alaudala rufescens|Alaudala rufescens]] | | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 410 | Q386949 | [[mionghé Afracach]] | [[Íomhá:African pygmy goose, Nettapus auritus, at Muirhead Dams, Royal Macadamia Plantations, Machado, Limpopo, South Africa - male (26210431045) cropped.jpg|center|128px]] | Nettapus auritus | [[:commons:Category:Nettapus auritus|Nettapus auritus]] | 23 gram | | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 411 | Q191628 | [[mionghé bhánéadanach]] | [[Íomhá:Anser erythropus MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.14.6.jpg|center|128px]] | Anser erythropus | [[:commons:Category:Anser erythropus|Anser erythropus]] | 100 gram<br/>1.797 cileagram | 125 ceintiméadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 412 | Q833243 | [[mionlacha iascán]] | [[Íomhá:Aythya affinis.JPG|center|128px]] | Aythya affinis | [[:commons:Category:Aythya affinis|Aythya affinis]] | 825 gram<br/>748 gram | 72.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 413 | Q210954 | [[Steilléadar|Mionlacha lochlannach]] | [[Íomhá:047 - STELLER'S EIDER (6-16-2016) barrow, alaska -02 (27539228164).jpg|center|128px]] | Polysticta stelleri | [[:commons:Category:Polysticta stelleri|Polysticta stelleri]] | 58 gram<br/>807 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 414 | Q28000 | [[mionladhrán buí]] | [[Íomhá:Lesser Yellowlegs.jpg|center|128px]] | Tringa flavipes | [[:commons:Category:Tringa flavipes|Tringa flavipes]] | 17.4 gram<br/>81 gram | 61.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 415 | Q229408 | [[mionphocaire gaoithe]] | [[Íomhá:A Lesser Kestrel on a Weak Perch (49591372658).jpg|center|128px]] | Falco naumanni | [[:commons:Category:Falco naumanni|Falco naumanni]] | 16 gram<br/>148 gram<br/>170 gram | 0.65 méadar | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 416 | Q239393 | [[mionscréachán liath]] | [[Íomhá:Lesser Grey Shrike by Daniel Bastaja.jpg|center|128px]] | Lanius minor | [[:commons:Category:Lanius minor|Lanius minor]] | 4.3 gram<br/>46 gram | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 417 | Q191155 | [[mionulchabhán Eoráiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum) Białowieza.jpg|center|128px]] | Glaucidium passerinum | [[:commons:Category:Glaucidium passerinum|Glaucidium passerinum]] | 8.3 gram<br/>58 gram<br/>73 gram | 35 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 418 | Q742818 | [[monál Himiléach]] | [[Íomhá:Himalayan Monal Adult Female Tungnath Rudraprayag Uttarakhand India 14.06.2013.jpg|center|128px]] | Lophophorus impejanus | [[:commons:Category:Lophophorus impejanus|Lophophorus impejanus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 419 | Q242851 | [[musclacha]] | [[Íomhá:Muskovy duck (Cairina moschata).JPG|center|128px]] | Cairina moschata | [[:commons:Category:Cairina moschata|Cairina moschata]] | 74 gram<br/>3 cileagram<br/>1.25 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 420 | Q116667 | [[Míona coiteann|míona]] | [[Íomhá:Common Myna in Rabindra Sarobar February 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Acridotheres tristis | [[:commons:Category:Acridotheres tristis|Acridotheres tristis]] | 7.1 gram | 0.378 méadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 421 | Q180835 | [[mórcheolaire giolcaí]] | [[Íomhá:Drosselrohrsänger Great reed warbler.jpg|center|128px]] | Acrocephalus arundinaceus | [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus arundinaceus|Acrocephalus arundinaceus]] | 3.15 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 422 | Q26209 | [[mórchnagaire breac]] | [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos major EM1B2679 (35219263071).jpg|center|128px]] | Dendrocopos major | [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos major|Dendrocopos major]] | 5.7 gram<br/>89 gram | 36 ceintiméadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 423 | Q333796 | [[Éigrit mhór ghorm|Mórchorr ghorm]] | [[Íomhá:Great blue heron in GWC (21718).jpg|center|128px]] | Ardea herodias | [[:commons:Category:Ardea herodias|Ardea herodias]] | 2.48 cileagram<br/>2.11 cileagram | 183 ceintiméadar | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 424 | Q665363 | [[mórchuach bhreac]] | [[Íomhá:Clamator glandarius (juvenile).jpg|center|128px]] | Clamator glandarius | [[:commons:Category:Clamator glandarius|Clamator glandarius]] | 9.85 gram<br/>169 gram<br/>138 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 425 | Q476356 | [[Sléibhín Pallas|mórfhaoileán ceanndubh]] | [[Íomhá:Larus ichthyaetus.jpg|center|128px]] | Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus | [[:commons:Category:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus|Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus]] | 112 gram<br/>1.599 cileagram<br/>1.189 cileagram | 161 ceintiméadar | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 426 | Q184508 | [[mórscréachán liath]] | [[Íomhá:Great Grey Shrike in Bhigwan August 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|128px]] | Lanius excubitor | [[:commons:Category:Lanius excubitor|Lanius excubitor]] | 63.4 gram | 32 ceintiméadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 427 | Q81515 | [[mórulchabhán cluasach]] | [[Íomhá:Bubo virginianus -Canada-6.jpg|center|128px]] | Bubo virginianus | [[:commons:Category:Bubo virginianus|Bubo virginianus]] | | 1.34 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 428 | Q25692 | [[naoscach]] | [[Íomhá:Bekassine (Blick nach oben).jpg|center|128px]] | Gallinago gallinago | [[:commons:Category:Gallinago gallinago|Gallinago gallinago]] | 111 gram<br/>128 gram | 0.52 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 429 | Q26711 | [[naoscach bhídeach]] | [[Íomhá:Lymnocryptes minimus.jpg|center|128px]] | Lymnocryptes minimus | [[:commons:Category:Lymnocryptes minimus|Lymnocryptes minimus]] | 53.7 gram<br/>46.7 gram | 40 ceintiméadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 430 | Q687695 | [[néné]] | [[Íomhá:Branta sandvicensis -Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii, USA-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Branta sandvicensis | [[:commons:Category:Branta sandvicensis|Branta sandvicensis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 431 | Q1193048 | [[Gearg choille scornáin|Odontophorus strophium]] | [[Íomhá:Odontophorus strophium - 1820-1863 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBA01 IZ17100201 (cropped).tif|center|128px]] | Odontophorus strophium | [[:commons:Category:Odontophorus strophium|Odontophorus strophium]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 432 | Q188660 | [[Opisthocomus hoazin]] | [[Íomhá:Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) Rio Napo.jpg|center|128px]] | Opisthocomus hoazin | [[:commons:Category:Opisthocomus hoazin|Opisthocomus hoazin]] | | | 31 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 433 | Q279939 | [[Oxyura maccoa]] | [[Íomhá:Oxyura maccoa.jpg|center|128px]] | Oxyura maccoa | [[:commons:Category:Oxyura maccoa|Oxyura maccoa]] | 96 gram<br/>820 gram<br/>554 gram | | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 434 | Q27075910 | [[parúl tuaisceartach]] | [[Íomhá:Northern parula (81098).jpg|center|128px]] | Setophaga americana | [[:commons:Category:Setophaga americana|Setophaga americana]] | 1.26 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 435 | Q26106 | [[Patraisc choiteann|patraisc]] | [[Íomhá:Nurmkana (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Perdix perdix | [[:commons:Category:Perdix perdix|Perdix perdix]] | | 46 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 436 | Q733777 | [[patraisc bhroinnliath]] | [[Íomhá:Lossy-page1-2929px-Perdix personata - 1820-1863 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBA01 IZ17100109.png|center|128px]] | Arborophila orientalis | [[:commons:Category:Arborophila orientalis|Arborophila orientalis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 437 | Q754863 | [[patraisc chosdearg]] | [[Íomhá:AlectorisRufa.jpg|center|128px]] | Alectoris rufa | [[:commons:Category:Alectoris rufa|Alectoris rufa]] | 20.1 gram | 48 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 438 | Q194043 | [[patraisc thiucair]] | [[Íomhá:Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) (39660989151).jpg|center|128px]] | Alectoris chukar | [[:commons:Category:Alectoris chukar|Alectoris chukar]] | 650 gram<br/>565 gram<br/>22.5 gram | 51 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 439 | Q168748 | [[Peannaire (éan)|peannaire]] | [[Íomhá:Secretario (Sagittarius serpentarius), parque nacional de Amboseli, Kenia, 2024-05-23, DD 13.jpg|center|128px]] | Sagittarius serpentarius | [[:commons:Category:Sagittarius serpentarius|Sagittarius serpentarius]] | 130 gram<br/>4.052 cileagram | 203 ceintiméadar | 44 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 440 | Q208060 | [[pearaicít rósbhráisléadach]] | [[Íomhá:African Rose-ringed Parakeet, Tamanrasset, Algeria 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Psittacula krameri | [[:commons:Category:Psittacula krameri|Psittacula krameri]] | | 45 ceintiméadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 441 | Q220328 | [[pearóid liath Afracach]] | [[Íomhá:Perroquet à Yampopo Beach - Douala.jpg|center|128px]] | Psittacus erithacus | [[:commons:Category:Psittacus erithacus|Psittacus erithacus]] | 18.7 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 442 | Q199427 | [[peileacán bán]] | [[Íomhá:Great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus).jpg|center|128px]] | Pelecanus onocrotalus | [[:commons:Category:Pelecanus onocrotalus|Pelecanus onocrotalus]] | 180 gram<br/>11.45 cileagram<br/>7.59 cileagram | 2.91 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 443 | Q184751 | [[peileacán Dalmátach]] | [[Íomhá:Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN6899 (3).jpg|center|128px]] | Pelecanus crispus | [[:commons:Category:Pelecanus crispus|Pelecanus crispus]] | | 320 ceintiméadar | 32 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 444 | Q385891 | [[piasún cír]] | [[Íomhá:Cheer Pheasant.jpg|center|128px]] | Catreus wallichii | [[:commons:Category:Catreus wallichii|Catreus wallichii]] | 1.525 cileagram<br/>1.13 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 445 | Q25307 | [[Snag breac|Pica pica]] | [[Íomhá:Eurasian magpie (10860).jpg|center|128px]] | Pica pica | [[:commons:Category:Pica pica|Pica pica]] | 9.9 gram<br/>221 gram<br/>191 gram | 56 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 446 | Q25392 | [[pilibín]] | [[Íomhá:Northern-Lapwing-Vanellus-vanellus.jpg|center|128px]] | Vanellus vanellus | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus vanellus|Vanellus vanellus]] | 25.5 gram | 0.75 méadar<br/>69.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 447 | Q279307 | [[pilibín ealtúil]] | [[Íomhá:Sociable Lapwing, Korgalzhynskiy, Kazakhstan 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Vanellus gregarius | [[:commons:Category:Vanellus gregarius|Vanellus gregarius]] | 26.5 gram<br/>252 gram<br/>200 gram | 70 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 448 | Q161829 | [[piongain impireach]] | [[Íomhá:202501 Emperor penguin.svg|center|128px]] | Aptenodytes forsteri | [[:commons:Category:Aptenodytes forsteri|Aptenodytes forsteri]] | 425 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 449 | Q494544 | [[Corr bheag|Platalea minor]] | [[Íomhá:Platalea minor okinawa.jpg|center|128px]] | Platalea minor | [[:commons:Category:Platalea minor|Platalea minor]] | | 110 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 450 | Q26490 | [[Pocaire gaoithe coiteann|pocaire gaoithe]] | [[Íomhá:Common kestrel falco tinnunculus.jpg|center|128px]] | Falco tinnunculus | [[:commons:Category:Falco tinnunculus|Falco tinnunculus]] | 201 gram | 0.73 méadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 451 | Q187902 | [[Cearcóg chorcra|Porphyrio porphyrio]] | [[Íomhá:Purpurhuhn.jpg|center|128px]] | Porphyrio porphyrio | [[:commons:Category:Porphyrio porphyrio|Porphyrio porphyrio]] | | | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 452 | Q25700 | [[praslacha]] | [[Íomhá:Common Teal Male (8602525826).jpg|center|128px]] | Anas crecca | [[:commons:Category:Anas crecca|Anas crecca]] | | 0.59 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 453 | Q331447 | [[praslacha mharmarach]] | [[Íomhá:Marbled Teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris) RWD2.jpg|center|128px]] | Marmaronetta angustirostris | [[:commons:Category:Marmaronetta angustirostris|Marmaronetta angustirostris]] | 562 gram<br/>492 gram | 65 ceintiméadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 454 | Q695729 | [[pratancól dubheiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Black-winged pratincole (Glareola nordmanni) at Mkhombo Dam, Mpumalanga (36861637734).jpg|center|128px]] | Glareola nordmanni | [[:commons:Category:Glareola nordmanni|Glareola nordmanni]] | 11 gram<br/>97 gram | 64 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 455 | Q330310 | [[pratancól muinceach]] | [[Íomhá:Collared pratincole (Glareola pratincola).jpg|center|128px]] | Glareola pratincola | [[:commons:Category:Glareola pratincola|Glareola pratincola]] | 10.1 gram<br/>77 gram | 65 ceintiméadar | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 456 | Q1262047 | [[Seabhac droimliath|Pseudastur occidentalis]] | [[Íomhá:Gray-backed Hawk - South-Ecuador S4E8637 (15478568822).jpg|center|128px]] | Pseudastur occidentalis | [[:commons:Category:Pseudastur occidentalis|Pseudastur occidentalis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 457 | Q643836 | [[Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax]] | [[Íomhá:Alpenkrähe-Pyrrhocorax.jpg|center|128px]] | Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax | [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax|Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax]] | 312 gram<br/>263 gram | 82 ceintiméadar | 17 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 458 | Q244350 | [[póiseard cíordhearg]] | [[Íomhá:Netta rufina - Jona (SG) Stampf 2011-04-24 15-55-58.jpg|center|128px]] | Netta rufina | [[:commons:Category:Netta rufina|Netta rufina]] | 56 gram<br/>1.115 cileagram | 87 ceintiméadar | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 459 | Q642685 | [[riabhóg chladaigh]] | [[Íomhá:2015-04-22 Anthus petrosus, Portsoy.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus petrosus | [[:commons:Category:Anthus petrosus|Anthus petrosus]] | | 25 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 460 | Q143313 | [[riabhóg choille]] | [[Íomhá:2015-04-21 Anthus trivialis, Abernethy Forest 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus trivialis | [[:commons:Category:Anthus trivialis|Anthus trivialis]] | 22 gram<br/>25 gram | 0.27 méadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 461 | Q27226 | [[riabhóg dhonn]] | [[Íomhá:Anthus campestris-3.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus campestris | [[:commons:Category:Anthus campestris|Anthus campestris]] | 2.73 gram<br/>22 gram | | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 462 | Q26956 | [[riabhóg mhóna]] | [[Íomhá:Meadow-Pipit.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus pratensis | [[:commons:Category:Anthus pratensis|Anthus pratensis]] | 2.06 gram | 0.26 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 463 | Q241347 | [[riabhóg phíbrua]] | [[Íomhá:Anthus cervinus2.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus cervinus | [[:commons:Category:Anthus cervinus|Anthus cervinus]] | 2.01 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 464 | Q208707 | [[riabhóg uisce]] | [[Íomhá:Anthus spinoletta - Water Pipit, Kahramanmaraş 2016-11-18 01-10.jpg|center|128px]] | Anthus spinoletta | [[:commons:Category:Anthus spinoletta|Anthus spinoletta]] | 2.73 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 465 | Q179367 | [[rollóir Eorpach]] | [[Íomhá:Coracias garrulus in Shirahmad wildlife refuge of Sabzevar 001.jpg|center|128px]] | Coracias garrulus | [[:commons:Category:Coracias garrulus|Coracias garrulus]] | | | 18 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 466 | Q927358 | [[rowi]] | [[Íomhá:Okarito kiwi 2.jpg|center|128px]] | Apteryx rowi | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx rowi|Apteryx rowi]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 467 | Q28122714 | [[rufachán]] | [[Íomhá:Philomachus pugnaxRuffKampfläufer.JPG|center|128px]] | Calidris pugnax | [[:commons:Category:Calidris pugnax|Calidris pugnax]] | 21 gram<br/>170 gram<br/>102 gram | | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 468 | Q185099 | [[rálóg uisce]] | [[Íomhá:Wasserralle Bodensee.jpg|center|128px]] | Rallus aquaticus | [[:commons:Category:Rallus aquaticus|Rallus aquaticus]] | 125 gram<br/>98 gram | 42 ceintiméadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 469 | Q25383 | [[rí rua]] | [[Íomhá:Fringilla coelebs (5577610542).jpg|center|128px]] | Fringilla coelebs | [[:commons:Category:Fringilla coelebs|Fringilla coelebs]] | 2.16 gram<br/>22 gram | 0.26 méadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 470 | Q182209 | [[rí-phiongain]] | [[Íomhá:King Penguins on Saunders Island (5586254113).jpg|center|128px]] | Aptenodytes patagonicus | [[:commons:Category:Aptenodytes patagonicus|Aptenodytes patagonicus]] | 306 gram<br/>12.8 cileagram<br/>11.5 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 471 | Q130933 | [[Rí-ulchabhán Eoráiseach|rí-ulchabhán]] | [[Íomhá:Hubro (Bubo bubo).JPG|center|128px]] | Bubo bubo | [[:commons:Category:Bubo bubo|Bubo bubo]] | 80 gram<br/>2.38 cileagram<br/>2.992 cileagram | 174 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 472 | Q1273551 | [[rí-ulchabhán beag]] | [[Íomhá:PseudoptynxGurneyiSmit.jpg|center|128px]] | Otus gurneyi | [[:commons:Category:Otus gurneyi|Otus gurneyi]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 473 | Q819706 | [[Carpodacus rubicilla|rósghlasán mór Cugasach]] | [[Íomhá:Great Rosefinch North Sikkim India 15.10.2019.jpg|center|128px]] | Carpodacus rubicilla | [[:commons:Category:Carpodacus rubicilla|Carpodacus rubicilla]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 474 | Q46143 | [[rósghlasán scarlóideach]] | [[Íomhá:Carpodacus erythrinus 20060623.jpg|center|128px]] | Carpodacus erythrinus | [[:commons:Category:Carpodacus erythrinus|Carpodacus erythrinus]] | | 26 ceintiméadar | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 475 | Q25386 | [[rúcach]] | [[Íomhá:Corvus frugilegus -Dartmoor, Devon, England-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Corvus frugilegus | [[:commons:Category:Corvus frugilegus|Corvus frugilegus]] | 489 gram<br/>418 gram | 0.93 méadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 476 | Q25777 | [[sacán]] | [[Íomhá:Björktrast (Turdus pilaris)-4.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus pilaris | [[:commons:Category:Turdus pilaris|Turdus pilaris]] | 6.8 gram<br/>105 gram | 0.42 méadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 477 | Q201300 | [[sceadach]] | [[Íomhá:Velvet Scoter, Eyebrook Reservoir, Leics.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanitta fusca | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta fusca|Melanitta fusca]] | 1.762 cileagram | 0.97 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 478 | Q178821 | [[scodalach dubheiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Himantopus himantopus - Pak Thale.jpg|center|128px]] | Himantopus himantopus | [[:commons:Category:Himantopus himantopus|Himantopus himantopus]] | 21.8 gram<br/>160 gram | | 25 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 479 | Q752678 | [[Scréachán isibéalach|scréachán banbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9380 Isabelline shrike.JPG|center|128px]] | Lanius isabellinus | [[:commons:Category:Lanius isabellinus|Lanius isabellinus]] | 30 gram | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 480 | Q235052 | [[scréachán coille]] | [[Íomhá:Lanius senator01 new.jpg|center|128px]] | Lanius senator | [[:commons:Category:Lanius senator|Lanius senator]] | 3.4 gram | | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 481 | Q26671 | [[scréachán droimrua]] | [[Íomhá:Lanius collurio - Red-backed shrike 09.jpg|center|128px]] | Lanius collurio | [[:commons:Category:Lanius collurio|Lanius collurio]] | 3.15 gram | 26 ceintiméadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 482 | Q25354 | [[scréachóg]] | [[Íomhá:Garrulus glandarius - Eurasian Jay 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Garrulus glandarius | [[:commons:Category:Garrulus glandarius|Garrulus glandarius]] | 8.5 gram | 0.54 méadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 483 | Q80858 | [[scréachóg liath]] | [[Íomhá:Canada jay (53737791802).jpg|center|128px]] | Perisoreus canadensis | [[:commons:Category:Perisoreus canadensis|Perisoreus canadensis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 484 | Q25317 | [[scréachóg reilige]] | [[Íomhá:Tyto alba tylluan wen detail.jpg|center|128px]] | Tyto alba | [[:commons:Category:Tyto alba|Tyto alba]] | 580 gram | 0.9 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 485 | Q27434 | [[Scótar coiteann|Scótar]] | [[Íomhá:Männliche Trauerente (Melanitta nigra) - Spiekeroog, Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanitta nigra | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta nigra|Melanitta nigra]] | | 0.85 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 486 | Q2020137 | [[Scótar báneiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Melanitta deglandi, female, Toronto.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanitta deglandi | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta deglandi|Melanitta deglandi]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 487 | Q529048 | [[Scótar Meiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:Melanitta americana Barnegat NJ.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanitta americana | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta americana|Melanitta americana]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 488 | Q742468 | [[scótar toinne]] | [[Íomhá:Melanitta perspicillata female.jpg|center|128px]] | Melanitta perspicillata | [[:commons:Category:Melanitta perspicillata|Melanitta perspicillata]] | 62 gram<br/>1 cileagram<br/>900 gram | 84 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 489 | Q943329 | [[Tuirne lín Meiriceánach|seabhac oíche Meiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:Chordeiles minor -British Columbia -Canada-8c.jpg|center|128px]] | Chordeiles minor | [[:commons:Category:Chordeiles minor|Chordeiles minor]] | 79.3 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 490 | Q606755 | [[Speirsheabhac Seapánach|seabhac Seapánach]] | [[Íomhá:ツミ.jpg|center|128px]] | Accipiter gularis | [[:commons:Category:Accipiter gularis|Accipiter gularis]] | | 52 ceintiméadar | 26 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 491 | Q234722 | [[Iolar Bonelli|seabhaciolar]] | [[Íomhá:Bonelli's Eagle.jpg|center|128px]] | Aquila fasciata | [[:commons:Category:Aquila fasciata|Aquila fasciata]] | 1.82 cileagram<br/>2.56 cileagram<br/>112 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 492 | Q25761 | [[seil-lacha]] | [[Íomhá:2014-04-18 Tadorna tadorna pair, Swallow Pond.jpg|center|128px]] | Tadorna tadorna | [[:commons:Category:Tadorna tadorna|Tadorna tadorna]] | 78 gram<br/>1.261 cileagram<br/>1.043 cileagram | 112 ceintiméadar | 30 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 493 | Q170723 | [[seil-lacha rua]] | [[Íomhá:Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea)- Female at Bharatpur I IMG 5336.jpg|center|128px]] | Tadorna ferruginea | [[:commons:Category:Tadorna ferruginea|Tadorna ferruginea]] | 83 gram<br/>1.36 cileagram<br/>1.1 cileagram | 133 ceintiméadar | 28 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 494 | Q621833 | [[seirín ceanndubh]] | [[Íomhá:Serinus pusillus - Red-fronted serin 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Serinus pusillus | [[:commons:Category:Serinus pusillus|Serinus pusillus]] | 1.43 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 495 | Q27461190 | [[Praslacha Bhaikalach|Sibirionetta formosa]] | [[Íomhá:Anas.formosa.4.jpg|center|128px]] | Sibirionetta formosa | [[:commons:Category:Sibirionetta formosa|Sibirionetta formosa]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 496 | Q27075864 | [[siscín]] | [[Íomhá:Carduelis spinus male.jpg|center|128px]] | Spinus spinus | [[:commons:Category:Spinus spinus|Spinus spinus]] | 1.29 gram<br/>13.8 gram | 0.21 méadar | 12 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 497 | Q25634 | [[sléibhín]] | [[Íomhá:Black-headed Gull - St James's Park, London - Nov 2006.jpg|center|128px]] | Chroicocephalus ridibundus | [[:commons:Category:Chroicocephalus ridibundus|Chroicocephalus ridibundus]] | 294 gram<br/>267 gram | 0.97 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 498 | Q164467 | [[sléibhín beag]] | [[Íomhá:Bird Yyterin lietteet 4.jpg|center|128px]] | Hydrocoloeus minutus | [[:commons:Category:Hydrocoloeus minutus|Hydrocoloeus minutus]] | 98 gram | 78 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 499 | Q276189 | [[sléibhín Meánmhuirí]] | [[Íomhá:2013-08-01 Ichthyaetus melanocephalus, Brierdene, Whitley Bay, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Ichthyaetus melanocephalus | [[:commons:Category:Ichthyaetus melanocephalus|Ichthyaetus melanocephalus]] | | 96 ceintiméadar | 24 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 500 | Q843175 | [[smólach breacdhorcha]] | [[Íomhá:Turdus naumanni naumanni.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus naumanni | [[:commons:Category:Turdus naumanni|Turdus naumanni]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 501 | Q26349 | [[smólach ceoil]] | [[Íomhá:Song thrush (Turdus philomelos philomelos).jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus philomelos | [[:commons:Category:Turdus philomelos|Turdus philomelos]] | 6 gram<br/>72 gram | 0.36 méadar | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 502 | Q80780 | [[smólach píbdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:A dark-throated Thrush female - Dhanachuli, Uttarakhand India.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus atrogularis | [[:commons:Category:Turdus atrogularis|Turdus atrogularis]] | | | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 503 | Q1591651 | [[Smólach ordúil|smólach rua-eiteach]] | [[Íomhá:Turdus eunomus s3.jpg|center|128px]] | Turdus eunomus | [[:commons:Category:Turdus eunomus|Turdus eunomus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 504 | Q258964 | [[smólach Sibéarach]] | [[Íomhá:Geokichla sibirica, Slyudyansky Raion, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Geokichla sibirica | [[:commons:Category:Geokichla sibirica|Geokichla sibirica]] | 60 gram<br/>70 gram | | 10 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 505 | Q796672 | [[Éan oighinn|smólach talún]] | [[Íomhá:Ovenbird (90497).jpg|center|128px]] | Seiurus aurocapilla | [[:commons:Category:Seiurus aurocapilla|Seiurus aurocapilla]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 506 | Q949662 | [[smólach White]] | [[Íomhá:Zoothera aurea, Hong Kong 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Zoothera aurea | [[:commons:Category:Zoothera aurea|Zoothera aurea]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 507 | Q193593 | [[Snag coiteann|snag]] | [[Íomhá:Certhia familiaris 01.jpg|center|128px]] | Certhia familiaris | [[:commons:Category:Certhia familiaris|Certhia familiaris]] | 9.95 gram | 19 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 508 | Q125895 | [[Reathaí ladharghearr|snag ladharghearr]] | [[Íomhá:Short-toed treecreeper (Certhia brachydactyla brachydactyla).jpg|center|128px]] | Certhia brachydactyla | [[:commons:Category:Certhia brachydactyla|Certhia brachydactyla]] | 1.16 gram<br/>8.4 gram | | 14 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 509 | Q28106731 | [[Spadalach tuaisceartach|spadalghob]] | [[Íomhá:Northern Shoveler-Anas clypeata female.jpg|center|128px]] | Spatula clypeata | [[:commons:Category:Spatula clypeata|Spatula clypeata]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 510 | Q28106902 | [[Praslacha shamhraidh|Spatula querquedula]] | [[Íomhá:Anas querquedula, Llobregat Delta, Barcelona 6.jpg|center|128px]] | Spatula querquedula | [[:commons:Category:Spatula querquedula|Spatula querquedula]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 511 | Q25334 | [[Spideog bhroinndearg|spideog]] | [[Íomhá:Erithacus rubecula with cocked head.jpg|center|128px]] | Erithacus rubecula | [[:commons:Category:Erithacus rubecula|Erithacus rubecula]] | 2.4 gram | 21 ceintiméadar | 15 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 512 | Q557745 | [[spideog phíb-bhán]] | [[Íomhá:Berkute (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Irania gutturalis | [[:commons:Category:Irania gutturalis|Irania gutturalis]] | 2.66 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 513 | Q25380 | [[spioróg]] | [[Íomhá:Accipiter nisus Meneer Zjeroen.jpg|center|128px]] | Accipiter nisus | [[:commons:Category:Accipiter nisus|Accipiter nisus]] | 110 gram<br/>22.5 gram<br/>150 gram<br/>290 gram | 0.67 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 514 | Q114338 | [[spioróg Leiveantach]] | [[Íomhá:Accipiter brevipes, male.jpg|center|128px]] | Accipiter brevipes | [[:commons:Category:Accipiter brevipes|Accipiter brevipes]] | | 0.7 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 515 | Q137474876 | [[Spioróg mhór]] | [[Íomhá:Northern Goshawk ad M2.jpg|center|128px]] | Astur gentilis | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 516 | Q25421 | [[spágaire tonn]] | [[Íomhá:Little Grebe - Tachybaptus ruficollis 15-1.jpg|center|128px]] | Tachybaptus ruficollis | [[:commons:Category:Tachybaptus ruficollis|Tachybaptus ruficollis]] | 13.7 gram | 42 ceintiméadar | 20 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 517 | Q753741 | [[Gaineamhchearc bhiorearrach|steipcholúr biorearrach]] | [[Íomhá:Pterocles alchata (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | Pterocles alchata | [[:commons:Category:Pterocles alchata|Pterocles alchata]] | 25 gram<br/>250 gram<br/>225 gram | 59.5 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 518 | Q383182 | [[Gaineamhchearc bholgdhubh|steipcholúr tarrdhubh]] | [[Íomhá:Pterocles orientalis 1921.jpg|center|128px]] | Pterocles orientalis | [[:commons:Category:Pterocles orientalis|Pterocles orientalis]] | 28 gram<br/>428 gram<br/>383 gram | 71.5 ceintiméadar | 23 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 519 | Q25352 | [[storc bán]] | [[Íomhá:00 4439 Storchennest mit Küken.jpg|center|128px]] | Ciconia ciconia | [[:commons:Category:Ciconia ciconia|Ciconia ciconia]] | 110 gram | 1.91 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 520 | Q25398 | [[storc dubh]] | [[Íomhá:Ciconia nigra -Kruger National Park-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Ciconia nigra | [[:commons:Category:Ciconia nigra|Ciconia nigra]] | | 1.5 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 521 | Q616393 | [[Ulchabhán mínlíneach|Strix leptogrammica]] | [[Íomhá:Brown Wood Owl (14157347364).jpg|center|128px]] | Strix leptogrammica | [[:commons:Category:Strix leptogrammica|Strix leptogrammica]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 522 | Q17592 | [[Struthio|Struthio camelus]] | [[Íomhá:North African Ostrich - Masai Ostrich (Struthio camelus massaicus) - Flickr - Lip Kee.jpg|center|128px]] | Struthio camelus | [[:commons:Category:Struthio camelus|Struthio camelus]] | 1.5 cileagram<br/>115 cileagram<br/>100 cileagram | | 42 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 523 | Q27043839 | [[Gearg Shíneach|Synoicus chinensis]] | [[Íomhá:Synoicus chinensis chinensis, Tanglin, Singapore 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Synoicus chinensis | [[:commons:Category:Synoicus chinensis|Synoicus chinensis]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 524 | Q192524 | [[séirín Canárach]] | [[Íomhá:Serinus canaria -Parque Rural del Nublo, Gran Canaria, Spain -male-8a.jpg|center|128px]] | Serinus canaria | [[:commons:Category:Serinus canaria|Serinus canaria]] | 1.54 gram<br/>15.3 gram | | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 525 | Q26135 | [[síodeiteach Boihéamach]] | [[Íomhá:Bohemian waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus), Uitkerke, Belgium (16366736689).jpg|center|128px]] | Bombycilla garrulus | [[:commons:Category:Bombycilla garrulus|Bombycilla garrulus]] | | 34 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 526 | Q1084995 | [[Estrilda melpoda|síodghob leiceann flannbhuí]] | [[Íomhá:Orange-Cheeked Waxbill zackandzill.jpg|center|128px]] | Estrilda melpoda | [[:commons:Category:Estrilda melpoda|Estrilda melpoda]] | 0.68 gram<br/>7.8 gram | | 11 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 527 | Q26452 | [[Síolghé thaiga|síolghé]] | [[Íomhá:Anser fabalis fabalis (Taiga Bean Goose), Naturschutzgebiet Schellbruch, Lübeck, Germany.jpg|center|128px]] | Anser fabalis | [[:commons:Category:Anser fabalis|Anser fabalis]] | 146 gram<br/>3.198 cileagram<br/>2.843 cileagram | 1.62 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 528 | Q673280 | [[síolghé thundra]] | [[Íomhá:101777 豆雁來臨.jpg|center|128px]] | Anser serrirostris | [[:commons:Category:Anser serrirostris|Anser serrirostris]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 529 | Q241349 | [[Síolta chochaill|Síolta chochallach]] | [[Íomhá:Hooded merganser female in CP (40676).jpg|center|128px]] | Lophodytes cucullatus | [[:commons:Category:Lophodytes cucullatus|Lophodytes cucullatus]] | | 63 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 530 | Q200646 | [[síolta gheal]] | [[Íomhá:Mergellus albellus, Killingworth Lake, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Mergellus albellus | [[:commons:Category:Mergellus albellus|Mergellus albellus]] | 42 gram<br/>652 gram<br/>568 gram | 62 ceintiméadar | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 531 | Q180991 | [[síolta mhór]] | [[Íomhá:Female Mergus merganser americanus at Las Gallinas Wildlife Ponds.jpg|center|128px]] | Mergus merganser | [[:commons:Category:Mergus merganser|Mergus merganser]] | 1.709 cileagram<br/>1.232 cileagram | 0.93 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 532 | Q189609 | [[síolta rua]] | [[Íomhá:Merganser (53630992394).jpg|center|128px]] | Mergus serrator | [[:commons:Category:Mergus serrator|Mergus serrator]] | 72 gram<br/>1.135 cileagram<br/>908 gram | 0.87 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 533 | Q205930 | [[tarmachan]] | [[Íomhá:Lagopus muta2.jpg|center|128px]] | Lagopus muta | [[:commons:Category:Lagopus muta|Lagopus muta]] | 665 gram<br/>555 gram | 57 ceintiméadar | 22 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 534 | Q218543 | [[Corr thíograch chíorbhán|Tigriornis leucolopha]] | [[Íomhá:White-crested Tiger-Heron - Ankasa - Ghana 14 S4E2068 (16010535898).jpg|center|128px]] | Tigriornis leucolopha | [[:commons:Category:Tigriornis leucolopha|Tigriornis leucolopha]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 535 | Q185784 | [[tiuf-teaf]] | [[Íomhá:Chiff Chaff (13324838524).jpg|center|128px]] | Phylloscopus collybita | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus collybita|Phylloscopus collybita]] | | 18 ceintiméadar | 13 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 536 | Q3729103 | [[Ceolaire Sindeach|tiuf-teaf sléibhe]] | [[Íomhá:Phylloscopus sindianus 1889.jpg|center|128px]] | Phylloscopus sindianus | [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus sindianus|Phylloscopus sindianus]] | 7 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 537 | Q667778 | [[tokoeka]] | [[Íomhá:Tokoeka.jpg|center|128px]] | Apteryx australis | [[:commons:Category:Apteryx australis|Apteryx australis]] | 2.208 cileagram<br/>2.535 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 538 | Q607027 | [[torspideog ruadhonn]] | [[Íomhá:Agrobate roux au Parc National de l'Ichkeul (Tunisia), crop.jpg|center|128px]] | Cercotrichas galactotes | [[:commons:Category:Cercotrichas galactotes|Cercotrichas galactotes]] | 3.2 gram<br/>22.7 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 539 | Q26017 | [[traonach]] | [[Íomhá:Corncrake2.jpg|center|128px]] | Crex crex | [[:commons:Category:Crex crex|Crex crex]] | 13.2 gram | 50 ceintiméadar | 17 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 540 | Q26717 | [[Tuirne lín Eorpach|tuirne lín]] | [[Íomhá:Caprimulgus europaeus g.JPG|center|128px]] | Caprimulgus europaeus | [[:commons:Category:Caprimulgus europaeus|Caprimulgus europaeus]] | | 60 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 541 | Q129958 | [[ulchabhán beag]] | [[Íomhá:Athene noctua, Ambula, Montenegro 1.jpg|center|128px]] | Athene noctua | [[:commons:Category:Athene noctua|Athene noctua]] | | 56 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 542 | Q174466 | [[ulchabhán bóireach]] | [[Íomhá:Aegolius-funereus-001.jpg|center|128px]] | Aegolius funereus | [[:commons:Category:Aegolius funereus|Aegolius funereus]] | | 56 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 543 | Q25756 | [[ulchabhán donn]] | [[Íomhá:Kautz.jpg|center|128px]] | Strix aluco | [[:commons:Category:Strix aluco|Strix aluco]] | 426 gram<br/>524 gram | 99 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 544 | Q200724 | [[ulchabhán mór liath]] | [[Íomhá:Strix nebulosa CT.jpg|center|128px]] | Strix nebulosa | [[:commons:Category:Strix nebulosa|Strix nebulosa]] | | 1.37 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 545 | Q190083 | [[ulchabhán na hÚraile]] | [[Íomhá:2012-11-01 Ural Owl, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia.jpg|center|128px]] | Strix uralensis | [[:commons:Category:Strix uralensis|Strix uralensis]] | | 114.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 546 | Q25769 | [[ulchabhán réisc]] | [[Íomhá:Asio flammeus -Fazenda Campo de Ouro, Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Asio flammeus | [[:commons:Category:Asio flammeus|Asio flammeus]] | | 102 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 547 | Q171563 | [[ulchabhán scopach Eoráiseach]] | [[Íomhá:Scops Owl (Otus scops), Kalloni, Lesvos, Greece, 19.04.2015 (16773748434).jpg|center|128px]] | Otus scops | [[:commons:Category:Otus scops|Otus scops]] | | 58.5 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 548 | Q1270124 | [[ulchabhán scopach Sokoke]] | [[Íomhá:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sokoke Scops Owl (Otus ireneae).jpg|center|128px]] | Otus ireneae | [[:commons:Category:Otus ireneae|Otus ireneae]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 549 | Q1256551 | [[ulchabhán seabhaic Oileán na Nollag]] | [[Íomhá:Christmas Island Hawk Owl.jpg|center|128px]] | Ninox natalis | [[:commons:Category:Ninox natalis|Ninox natalis]] | 184 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 550 | Q193192 | [[Ulchabhán seabhaic|ulchabhán seabhaic tuaisceartach]] | [[Íomhá:Surnia-ulula-002.jpg|center|128px]] | Surnia ulula | [[:commons:Category:Surnia ulula|Surnia ulula]] | | 76 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 551 | Q170177 | [[ulchabhán sneachtúil]] | [[Íomhá:Bubo scandiacus male Muskegon.jpg|center|128px]] | Bubo scandiacus | [[:commons:Category:Bubo scandiacus|Bubo scandiacus]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 552 | Q1265138 | [[ulchabhán Soumagne]] | [[Íomhá:Tyto soumagnei 6733815.jpg|center|128px]] | Tyto soumagnei | [[:commons:Category:Tyto soumagnei|Tyto soumagnei]] | 380 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 553 | Q926291 | [[ulchabhán síofrach]] | [[Íomhá:Elf Ow Cropped very small.jpg|center|128px]] | Micrathene whitneyi | [[:commons:Category:Micrathene whitneyi|Micrathene whitneyi]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 554 | Q467068 | [[ulchabhán uachasach]] | [[Íomhá:Athene cunicularia -Vale do Ribeira, Juquia, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Athene cunicularia | [[:commons:Category:Athene cunicularia|Athene cunicularia]] | | 595 millimetre | |- | style='text-align:right'| 555 | Q207846 | [[éadar taibhseach]] | [[Íomhá:049 - KING EIDER (6-15-2016) barrow, alaska -06 (27577003883).jpg|center|128px]] | Somateria spectabilis | [[:commons:Category:Somateria spectabilis|Somateria spectabilis]] | 73 gram<br/>1.617 cileagram | 0.93 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 556 | Q93208 | [[éamú]] | [[Íomhá:Dromaius novaehollandiae (29619237017).jpg|center|128px]] | Dromaius novaehollandiae | [[:commons:Category:Dromaius novaehollandiae|Dromaius novaehollandiae]] | 581.2 gram<br/>32.7 cileagram<br/>38.3 cileagram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 557 | Q131709 | [[éigrit bheag]] | [[Íomhá:Aigrette garzette au lac sud de Tunis (site RAMSAR).jpg|center|128px]] | Egretta garzetta | [[:commons:Category:Egretta garzetta|Egretta garzetta]] | 28 gram<br/>532 gram | 92 ceintiméadar | 21 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 558 | Q130730 | [[éigrit mhór]] | [[Íomhá:Ardea alba - Sydney Olympic Park.jpg|center|128px]] | Ardea alba | [[:commons:Category:Ardea alba|Ardea alba]] | | 1.44 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 559 | Q208763 | [[íbis bheannaithe]] | [[Íomhá:Threskiornis aethiopicus -Mida Creek mud flats, Kenya-8.jpg|center|128px]] | Threskiornis aethiopicus | [[:commons:Category:Threskiornis aethiopicus|Threskiornis aethiopicus]] | 62 gram | 118 ceintiméadar | 29 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 560 | Q589171 | [[íbis bhán Mheiriceánach]] | [[Íomhá:Eudocimus albus (4111616588).jpg|center|128px]] | Eudocimus albus | [[:commons:Category:Eudocimus albus|Eudocimus albus]] | 1.036 cileagram<br/>764 gram | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 561 | Q245414 | [[íbis mhaol thuaisceartach]] | [[Íomhá:Geronticus eremita.jpg|center|128px]] | Geronticus eremita | [[:commons:Category:Geronticus eremita|Geronticus eremita]] | 68 gram | | 27 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 562 | Q178811 | [[íbis niamhrach]] | [[Íomhá:Plegadis falcinellus Syracuse.jpg|center|128px]] | Plegadis falcinellus | [[:commons:Category:Plegadis falcinellus|Plegadis falcinellus]] | 633 gram | 0.89 méadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 563 | Q25388 | [[óiréal órga]] | [[Íomhá:Loriot d'Europe by Michel Idre.jpg|center|128px]] | Oriolus oriolus | [[:commons:Category:Oriolus oriolus|Oriolus oriolus]] | 7.3 gram | 46 ceintiméadar | 16 lá |- | style='text-align:right'| 564 | Q576762 | [[órshúileach ceannsceadach]] | [[Íomhá:Bucephala-albeola-007.jpg|center|128px]] | Bucephala albeola | [[:commons:Category:Bucephala albeola|Bucephala albeola]] | 481 gram<br/>367 gram | 57 ceintiméadar | |- | style='text-align:right'| 565 | Q369767 | [[órshúileach Íoslannach]] | [[Íomhá:Barrow's Goldeneye Drake Seedskadee NWR (16656643482).jpg|center|128px]] | Bucephala islandica | [[:commons:Category:Bucephala islandica|Bucephala islandica]] | 70 gram<br/>1.09 cileagram<br/>730 gram | 75.5 ceintiméadar | |} {{Wikidata list end}} p1btvgnhba8gncxebbjl5n0oez4mtug 0 100419 1331782 1319971 2026-11-04T12:13:09Z Makenzis 33766 /* FK Riteriai (2019–) */ 1331782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta | colors = {{color box|yellow}} {{color box|#000080}} [[buí]], [[gorm]] | data_fundacio = [[2005]] (oficial) | president = {{Bratach|Lithuania}} ? | entrenador = {{Bratach|Lithuania}} Gintautas Vaičiūnas | | lliga = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | equipament={{Trealamh spóirt il | pattern_la1 =|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1| leftarm1=FFFF00|body1=FFFF00|rightarm1=FFFF00|shorts1=FFFF00|socks1=FFFF00| pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=| leftarm2=483D8B|body2=483D8B|rightarm2=483D8B|shorts2=483D8B|socks2=483D8B|title1=Baile|title2=As baile}} }} Is club [[Sacar|sacair]] é '''Riterių futbolo klubas''' as [[Vilnias]]. Bunaíodh an club sa bhliain 2005, agus imríonn sé san [[TOPLYGA]]. == Trófaithe == ;Náisiúnta *'''A lyga''' (0): *'''LFF taurė''' (0): *'''Supertaurė''' (0): === FK Trakai (2009–2018) === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Bliain !Leibhéal !Sraith !Áit !@ |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2010''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu10lyga2s.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-02-10 |archivedate=2018-10-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021053827/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu10lyga2s.html }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2011''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2011.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2012''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2012.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2013.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga</ref> |} === FK Riteriai (2019–) === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Bliain !Leibhéal !Sraith !Áit !@ |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2023|2023]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2025|2025]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''9.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''X.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.fkriteriai.lt/ Suíomh oifigiúil an chlub] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/riteriai toplyga.lt (FK Riteriai)] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-riteriai/15849/ Globalsportsarchive] * [https://us.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/trak-fk/17673/ FK Riteriai] Soccerway [[Catagóir:Vilnias]] [[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na Liotuáine|Riteriai]] 68ryvo7xpev3o4w7y0zmodahx9z1vu4 1331783 1331782 2026-11-04T12:13:24Z Makenzis 33766 /* FK Riteriai (2019–) */ 1331783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta | colors = {{color box|yellow}} {{color box|#000080}} [[buí]], [[gorm]] | data_fundacio = [[2005]] (oficial) | president = {{Bratach|Lithuania}} ? | entrenador = {{Bratach|Lithuania}} Gintautas Vaičiūnas | | lliga = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | equipament={{Trealamh spóirt il | pattern_la1 =|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1| leftarm1=FFFF00|body1=FFFF00|rightarm1=FFFF00|shorts1=FFFF00|socks1=FFFF00| pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=| leftarm2=483D8B|body2=483D8B|rightarm2=483D8B|shorts2=483D8B|socks2=483D8B|title1=Baile|title2=As baile}} }} Is club [[Sacar|sacair]] é '''Riterių futbolo klubas''' as [[Vilnias]]. Bunaíodh an club sa bhliain 2005, agus imríonn sé san [[TOPLYGA]]. == Trófaithe == ;Náisiúnta *'''A lyga''' (0): *'''LFF taurė''' (0): *'''Supertaurė''' (0): === FK Trakai (2009–2018) === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Bliain !Leibhéal !Sraith !Áit !@ |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2010''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu10lyga2s.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-02-10 |archivedate=2018-10-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021053827/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu10lyga2s.html }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2011''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2011.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2012''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2012.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2013.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga</ref> |} === FK Riteriai (2019–) === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Bliain !Leibhéal !Sraith !Áit !@ |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2023|2023]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2025|2025]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''9.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#FFAAAA" style="text-align:center;"| '''X.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.fkriteriai.lt/ Suíomh oifigiúil an chlub] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/riteriai toplyga.lt (FK Riteriai)] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-riteriai/15849/ Globalsportsarchive] * [https://us.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/trak-fk/17673/ FK Riteriai] Soccerway [[Catagóir:Vilnias]] [[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na Liotuáine|Riteriai]] eeef2fpvdtr4m61qjuiy8f1l5iw4zu4 1331784 1331783 2026-11-04T12:14:00Z Makenzis 33766 /* Naisc sheachtracha */ https://us.soccerway.com/team/riteriai/Cpqd5uFj/ 1331784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta | colors = {{color box|yellow}} {{color box|#000080}} [[buí]], [[gorm]] | data_fundacio = [[2005]] (oficial) | president = {{Bratach|Lithuania}} ? | entrenador = {{Bratach|Lithuania}} Gintautas Vaičiūnas | | lliga = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | equipament={{Trealamh spóirt il | pattern_la1 =|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1| leftarm1=FFFF00|body1=FFFF00|rightarm1=FFFF00|shorts1=FFFF00|socks1=FFFF00| pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=| leftarm2=483D8B|body2=483D8B|rightarm2=483D8B|shorts2=483D8B|socks2=483D8B|title1=Baile|title2=As baile}} }} Is club [[Sacar|sacair]] é '''Riterių futbolo klubas''' as [[Vilnias]]. Bunaíodh an club sa bhliain 2005, agus imríonn sé san [[TOPLYGA]]. == Trófaithe == ;Náisiúnta *'''A lyga''' (0): *'''LFF taurė''' (0): *'''Supertaurė''' (0): === FK Trakai (2009–2018) === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Bliain !Leibhéal !Sraith !Áit !@ |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2010''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu10lyga2s.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-02-10 |archivedate=2018-10-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021053827/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu10lyga2s.html }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2011''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2011.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2012''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2012.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2013.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga</ref> |} === FK Riteriai (2019–) === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Bliain !Leibhéal !Sraith !Áit !@ |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2023|2023]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2025|2025]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''9.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#FFAAAA" style="text-align:center;"| '''X.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.fkriteriai.lt/ Suíomh oifigiúil an chlub] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/riteriai toplyga.lt (FK Riteriai)] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-riteriai/15849/ Globalsportsarchive] * [https://us.soccerway.com/team/riteriai/Cpqd5uFj/ FK Riteriai] Soccerway [[Catagóir:Vilnias]] [[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na Liotuáine|Riteriai]] omo9i5pmsbpfxra6znqa7whdr47fpdc 0 101019 1331813 1328491 2026-11-04T19:04:53Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1331813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is rapálaí Meiriceánach agus láithreoir teilifíse é '''Ariyan Arslani''' (rugadh 2 Nollaig, 1983), a bhfuil aithne níos fearr air leis an ainm stáitse '''Action Bronson'''.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/queens/chef-rap-celebrity-meet-queens-newest-hip-hop-star-article-1.1383382|work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]}}</ref> Shínigh sé le Warner Bros. Taifid i mí Lúnasa 2012, ach aistríodh é go dtí an lipéad arna dháileadh ag Atlantic Records Vice Records níos déanaí. Reáchtálann Arslani seó cainte/éagsúlachta ''The Untitled Action Bronson Show'', chomh maith lena chlár taistil ''Fuck, That's Delicious'', ar Viceland. Bíonn a chomhoibrithe rialta Meyhem Lauren, The Alchemist, agus Big Body Bes tráth ar an dá shraith teilifíse dá chuid go rialta. Bhí Mario Batali, Andrew Zimmern, Daniel Boulud, Rick Bayless, Grant Achatz, agus daoine eile ina n-aíonna ar a shraith teilifíse. D'fhoilsigh Arslani a chéad leabhar i mí Mheán Fómhair 2017, atá bunaithe ar a sheó taistil, leabhar cócaireachta atá ann, dar teideal ''Fuck, That's Delicious'' freisin. Tá roinnt mixtapes eisithe ag Arslani freisin, amhail ''Rare Chandeliers'' (2012), leis an léiritheoir hip-hop Meiriceánach The Alchemist agus ''Blue Chips 2'' (2013) leis an sean-léiritheoir Party Supplies, sular eisígh sé a chéad albam ar mhór-lipéad, ceirnín leathfhada (CL) dar teideal ''Saaab Stories'', le comhghleacaí rialta Harry Fraud, in 2013. D’eisigh sé a chéad albam ar lipéad mór, ''Mr. Wonderful'', ar 23 Márta 2015. == Beathaisnéis == === 1983-2010: An saol luath agus gairm bheatha === Rugadh Ariyan Arslani<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://twitter.com/actionbronson/status/349523975329677313?lang=en}}</ref> i bhFlushing, Queens, Cathair Nua-Eabhrac, ar an 2 Nollaig, 1983,<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.jta.org/2013/06/05/arts-entertainment/musical-jews-action-bronson}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://twitter.com/ActionBronson/status/275105331678412800}}</ref> d'athair Moslamach [[Albánaigh (grúpa eitneach)|Albánach]] agus máthair Ghiúdach Mheiriceánach.<ref name="heritage">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/03/action-bronson-vice/472995/|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Tógadh é i dtraidisiún Moslamach a athar agus é ag fás aníos.<ref name="upbringing">{{Lua idirlín|url=http://hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.24359/title.action-bronson-explains-avoiding-n-word-describes-muslim-upbringing|work=HipHop DX|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150916085044/http://hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.24359/title.action-bronson-explains-avoiding-n-word-describes-muslim-upbringing|archivedate=September 16, 2015}}</ref> D’fhreastail sé ar Bayside High School, i mBayside, Queens, agus bhain sé céim amach sa bhliain 2002. Ba chócaire gourmet é Bronson i gCathair Nua-Eabhrac sular thosaigh sé amach ar shlí bheatha mar rapálaí, a bhí mar chaitheamh aimsire amháin aige ar dtús, bhí Bronson ina chócaire gourmet i gCathair Nua-Eabhrac. D’óstáil sé a sheó cócaireachta féin ar líne, ''Action in the Kitchen''. Tar éis dó a chos a bhriseadh sa chistin, dhírigh Bronson ar a ghairm bheatha ceoil amháin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/2013-freshmen/action-bronson/|work=XXL Magazine}}</ref> === 2011: Dr. ''Lecter'' agus Well Done === D'eisigh Fine Fabric Delegates an chéad albam stiúideo de chuid Action Bronson, an ''Dr. Lecter'', ar 15 Márta 2011. Cuireadh an t-albam, arna léiriú go hiomlán ag an léiritheoir ceoil Tommy Mas, atá lonnaithe i [[Nua-Eabhrac (cathair)|gCathair Nua-Eabhrac]], ar fáil le híoslódáil go digiteach agus i CD-R, ar a shuíomh gréasáin oifigiúil. I mí na Samhna den bhliain sin, lean Bronson suas le ''Well-Done'', comhiarracht leis an léiritheoir hip hop Meiriceánach Statik Selektah.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8APYF0kkas#t=0m48s}}</ref> Ar 12 Márta, 2012, d'eisigh sé a dhara mixtape, dar teideal ''Blue Chips ,'' le Party Supplies.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/16425-action-bronson-blue-chips/|work=Pitchfork Media}}</ref> === 2012-2013: Margadh lipéid mhóir agus ''Scéalta Saaab'' === [[Íomhá:Action_Bronson.jpg|clé|mion| Action Bronson ag casadh i mí Iúil 2013]] I mí Lúnasa 2012, fógraíodh gur shínigh Paul Rosenberg Action Bronson le conradh bainistíochta le Goliath Artists, ina bhfuil ainmneacha mar [[Eminem]], The Alchemist, [[Blink-182]] agus Danny Brown.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2012/08/action-bronson-signs-deal-with-vicewarner-bros-records/}}</ref> Chomh maith leis sin i mí Lúnasa 2012, bhí Bronson le feiceáil ar albam comhoibríoch ''No Idols'' de chuid rapálaí Odd Future Domo Genesis agus an léiritheoir hip hop Meiriceánach ''The Alchemist'', ar thraiceanna "Elimination Chamber" (a bhí [[Earl Sweatshirt]] agus Vince Staples air freisin) agus "Daily News" (a bhí SpaceGhostPurrp agus Earl Sweatshirt le feiceáil freisin). Níos déanaí sa bhliain sin chuaigh Action Bronson isteach i Warner Bros.Records, tríd an cuideachta meán VICE, agus an ghníomhaireacht áirithinte ceolchoirmeacha NUE araon.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/backbeat/backbeat-of-monsters-and-men-jezabels-play-1007769552.story|work=Billboard|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2012-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017065613/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/backbeat/backbeat-of-monsters-and-men-jezabels-play-1007769552.story}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017065613/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/backbeat/backbeat-of-monsters-and-men-jezabels-play-1007769552.story |date=2012-10-17 }}</ref> Ar an 15 Samhain, 2012, d’eisigh Bronson ''Rare Chandeliers'', mixtape comhoibríoch leis an Alchemist. I mí an Mhárta 2013, chas Bronson ag [[Féile Coachella Valley|Féile Ceoil agus Ealaíon Coachella Valley]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/check-out-the-2013-coachella-lineup|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2016-12-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228015532/http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/check-out-the-2013-coachella-lineup}}</ref> agus níos déanaí an mhí sin bhí sé le feiceáil ar Rang Núíosach 2013 de chuid XXL Magazine, liosta de na rapálaithe a bhfuil gealladh fúthu.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2013/03/xxl-freshman-class-2013-cover-revealed/2/|work=XXL}}</ref> I mí na Bealtaine 2013, aistríodh Action Bronson go dtí Atlantic Records, agus ina dhiaidh sin d'eisigh sé ceirnín leathfhada (CL) dar teideal ''Saaab Stories'', ar 11 Meitheamh, 2013.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.xclusiveszone.net/2013/05/audio-action-bronson-the-alchemist-dj-whoo-kid-interview/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606235004/http://www.xclusiveszone.net/2013/05/audio-action-bronson-the-alchemist-dj-whoo-kid-interview/|archivedate=June 6, 2013}}</ref> Léiríodh an CL go hiomlán ag an léiritheoir ceoil Meiriceánach Harry Fraud agus tá rapálaithe Meiriceánacha eile le feiceáil ann mar aíonna amhail, Raekwon, Wiz Khalifa, agus Prodigy.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.19441/title.action-bronson-harry-fraud-saaab-stories-tracklist-cover-art-release-date/}}{{Dead link|date=Iúil 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Eisíodh é mar íoslódáil digiteach amháin agus bhí an singil, "Strictly 4 My Jeeps" roimh an CL.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/strictly-4-my-jeeps-single/id644886540}}</ref> I mí Iúil 2013, thug sé le fios go raibh sé ag iarraidh a chomh-rapálaithe arbh thógadh i Queens iad, [[Nas]] agus Kool G Rap, a fháil ar a chéad albam [[Lipéad ceoil|mór-lipéid]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.24613/title.action-bronson-hints-at-cooking-show-wants-to-reunite-nas-kool-g-rap|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820090313/http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.24613/title.action-bronson-hints-at-cooking-show-wants-to-reunite-nas-kool-g-rap|archivedate=August 20, 2013}}</ref> I mí Iúil freisin, d’fhógair Bronson go n-eiseofaí a chéad albam mórlipéid go luath in 2014.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.24819/title.action-bronson-confirms-blue-chips-2-another-project-with-alchemist|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827232703/http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.24819/title.action-bronson-confirms-blue-chips-2-another-project-with-alchemist|archivedate=August 27, 2013}}</ref> Ar an 1 Samhain 2013, d’eisigh Bronson ''Blue Chips 2'', an dara mír dá shraith ''Blue Chips'', chun an albam a chur chun cinn.<ref name="complex.com">{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2013/10/action-bronson-practice-prod-party-supplies|work=Complex|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112080322/http://www.complex.com/music/2013/10/action-bronson-practice-prod-party-supplies}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/18727-action-bronson-blue-chips-2/|work=Pitchfork Media}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.stereogum.com/1554532/mixtape-of-the-week-action-bronson-party-supplies-blue-chips-2/news/}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://rapfix.mtv.com/2013/11/01/download-action-bronson-x-party-supplies-blue-chips-2-mixtape/|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2013-11-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110020515/http://rapfix.mtv.com/2013/11/01/download-action-bronson-x-party-supplies-blue-chips-2-mixtape/}}</ref> Ar 28 Deireadh Fómhair, 2013, d'fhógair Funkmaster Flex go mbeadh sé ag óstáil mixtape Action Bronson atá le teacht. Tugadh le fios go raibh an léiriúchán ag teacht ó Erick Sermon, Mike Will Made It, DJ Mustard agus Jahlil Beats.<ref name="complex.com" /> In agallamh a rinne sé i Samhain 2013 le ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', dúirt Bronson go mbeadh Kool G Rap agus Mobb Deep le feiceáil ar a albam atá le teacht.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/action-bronson-on-blue-chips-2-smoking-wax-and-his-perfect-woman-20131101|work=Rolling Stone|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2015-03-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324080413/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/action-bronson-on-blue-chips-2-smoking-wax-and-his-perfect-woman-20131101}}</ref> === 2014–i láthair: ''Mr. Wonderful'' agus ''Only for Dolphins'' === [[Íomhá:Action_Bronson_Coachella_2015.jpg|mion| Bronson ag casadh ag [[Féile Coachella Valley|Coachella]] in 2015]] I mí Feabhra 2014, chuaigh Action Bronson, [[J. Cole]], [[Kendrick Lamar]] agus rapálaí in éineacht le 360 [[Eminem]], ar thuras gairid chun na hAstráile, na hAfraice Theas agus na Nua-Shéalainne.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2014/01/action-bronson-adds-shows-will-tour-with-eminem/|work=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]]}}</ref> Ar an 6 Bealtaine, 2014, sheol Action Bronson sraith ghréasáin a bhí dírithe ar bhia, dar teideal ''Fuck, That's Delicious'' . Is éard atá i gceist leis an seó ná sraith mhíosúil gréasáin arna urrú ag Vice Records a dhéanann taifead ar thaiscéalaíocht an rapálaí, atá dúghafa leis an mbia, ar gach rud a bhaineann leis an gcócaireacht.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/55001-action-bronson-announces-fuck-thats-delicious-food-oriented-web-series/|work=Pitchfork Media}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/55081-action-bronson-shares-first-episode-of-food-focused-web-series-fuck-thats-delicious/|work=Pitchfork Media}}</ref> Ar 5 Lúnasa 2014, d'eisigh Bronson an t-amhrán "Easy Rider" mar an chéad singil óna chéad albam <nowiki><i id="mwyA">Mr. Wonderful</i></nowiki>. Léiríodh an t-amhrán ag an sean-léiritheoir de chuid Bronson, Party Supplies. Ar 20 Lúnasa, 2014, eisíodh an físeán ceoil do "Easy Rider". Tugann an físeán do "Easy Rider", a bhí stiúrtha ag Tom Gould, ómós don scannán Peter Fonda agus Dennis Hopper ó 1969 den ainm céanna.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/56358-action-bronson-pays-homage-to-the-film-easy-rider-in-the-easy-rider-video/|work=Pitchfork Media}}</ref> D'eisigh Bronson "Actin Crazy" go hoifigiúil, trí dháileadh digiteach ar 20 Eanáir. D’eisigh sé an t-albam iomlán ar 23 Márta 2015.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.32530/title.action-brosnon-mr-wonderful-release-date-cover-art-tracklist|work=HipHopDX|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403223808/http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.32530/title.action-brosnon-mr-wonderful-release-date-cover-art-tracklist|archivedate=April 3, 2015}}</ref> I mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2015, cuireadh Bronson san ospidéal in [[Anchorage, Alasca]], le haghaidh obráide éigeandála tar éis ceolchoirm ar 23 Deireadh Fómhair. D’fhan sé san ospidéal ar feadh roinnt laethanta.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.ktuu.com/news/news/rapper-action-bronson-hospitalized-for-emergency-surgery-in-anchorage/36099902|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029160028/http://www.ktuu.com/news/news/rapper-action-bronson-hospitalized-for-emergency-surgery-in-anchorage/36099902|archivedate=October 29, 2015}}</ref> Ar an Luan 16 Bealtaine, 2016, chuir sé na Webby Awards i láthair. Ar 31 Deireadh Fómhair, 2018, d'fhógair Bronson go raibh sé ag fágáil slán ag Vice, an chuideachta meáin a d'fhreastail air mar lipéad agus líonra teilifíse.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/action-bronson-says-hes-parting-ways-with-vice/|work=Pitchfork Media}}</ref> I mí na Samhna 2018, d’fhógair Bronson turas ag tacú lena albam is déanaí, ''White Bronco'' . Bhí an turas ar siúl ó mhí Feabhra 2019 go dtí Márta 2019. Beidh Meyhem Lauren agus Roc Marciano mar thacaíocht aige. Ar 9 Lúnasa, 2020, nocht Bronson teideal a albaim nua, ''Only for Dolphins'', a eisíodh ar 25 Meán Fómhair, 2020. Phéinteáil Bronson féin ealaín an chlúdaigh. Rinne Bronson cur síos ar an albam mar "SNÁTH GEAL EILE FITE ISTEACH IN UIGEACHT AN CHOSMAIS".<ref name="Dolphins">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/action-bronson-shares-only-for-dolphins-release-date-and-tracklist-news.117498.html|work=HotNewHipHop|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2020-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913062907/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/action-bronson-shares-only-for-dolphins-release-date-and-tracklist-news.117498.html}}</ref> == Teilifís agus scannán == Bhí Action Bronson sa phríomhpháirt in dhá chlár teilifíse a craoladh ar an gcainéal Viceland: an seó taistil bia ''Fuck, That's Delicious'', agus seó cainte bia gach oíche, ''The Untitled Action Bronson Show''. Bhí sé sa phríomhpháirt freisin sa tsraith faisnéise grinn ''Traveling the Stars: Action Bronson and Friends Watch ‘Ancient Aliens’'' atá curtha ar ceal anois. Bhí róil chaimeo aige sna scannáin ''The Irishman'' (2019), ag cur díoltóir cónra i láthair,<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://impactnottingham.com/2019/11/film-review-the-irishman/|work=Impactnottingham.com|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206074343/https://impactnottingham.com/2019/11/film-review-the-irishman/|archivedate=2019-12-06|dátarochtana=2022-04-03}}</ref> agus ''The King of Staten Island'' (2020).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2549605/judd-apatow-talks-having-rapper-cameos-in-most-of-his-films|work=cinemablend.com}}</ref> == Conspóid == I mí an Mhárta 2016, d'fhógair Bord Clár na hOllscoile George Washington go mbeadh Bronson ina phríomhoirfideach do cheolchoirm bhliantúil earraigh na hollscoile, "Spring Fling". Phléascadh an chonspóid go luath nuair a tháinig amhrán Bronson “Éigniú Comhthoiliúil” chun solais, chomh maith le ráitis a rinne Bronson a measadh a bhí [[Homafóibe|homafóbach]], trasfóbach, agus [[Fuath ban|frithbhanda]]. D’éirigh le grúpaí gníomhaithe mic léinn brú a chur ar an ollscoil an taibhiú a chur ar ceal. I mí Aibreáin 2016, baineadh cuireadh de Bhronson ar bhealach cosúil ó cheolchoirm Dheireadh Seachtaine Earraigh Choláiste na Tríonóide. D'fhreagair Bronson i litir oscailte, inar mhaígh sé go "léirítear scéal" ina chuid amhrán agus "nach bhfuil aon rud i gceist leo ach léiriú ealaíonta," agus inar cháin sé gach cineál d'fhoréigean gnéis, agus ghabh sé leithscéal leo.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/64522-action-bronson-apologizes-for-behavior-seen-as-misogynist-and-transphobic-following-removal-from-college-concert/|work=Pitchfork.com}}</ref> == Stíl ceoil == === Tionchair === Luann Bronson a chomh-rapálaithe Meiriceánacha eile Kool G Rap, [[Nas]], Cam'ron, Mobb Deep, UGK agus an [[Wu-Tang Clan]] mar na tionchair is mó a bhí air.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.clashmusic.com/features/the-special-ingredient-action-bronson|work=Clash Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.17388/title.action-bronson-responds-to-comparisons-with-ghostface-killah-other-white-rappers|work=HipHopDX|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2015-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506110951/http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.17388/title.action-bronson-responds-to-comparisons-with-ghostface-killah-other-white-rappers}}</ref> I measc na gceoltóirí eile tá [[Michael Jackson]], Carlos Santana, [[Queen]] mar aon le hamhránaithe bainise Albáinise. === Stíl rapála === Is minic a rapálann Bronson faoi bhia ina chuid amhrán.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://respect-mag.com/action-bronsons-25-most-luxurious-food-lines/|work=RESPECT.}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.bonappetit.com/entertaining-style/pop-culture/article/action-bronson-food-references|work=Bon Appétit}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://firstwefeast.com/eat/action-bronson-blue-chips-2-food-references/|work=First We Feast|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2015-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407022613/http://firstwefeast.com/eat/action-bronson-blue-chips-2-food-references/}}</ref> Tá clú agus cáil air freisin as na tagairtí a dhéanann sé go minic, agus is minic a bhíonn siad doiléir, do lúthchleasaithe agus d'fhoirne spóirt. Is minic a dhéanann liricí Bronson tagairt do spóirt i gCathair Nua-Eabhrac ach déanann siad trácht freisin ar ábhair atá níos doiléire amhail iomrascálaithe gairmiúla,<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/rzyx96/ranking-every-wrestler-action-bronson-has-ever-mentioned-1|language=en|work=Vice}}</ref> [[Corpfhorbairt|corpfhorbróirí]], scátáil fhíorach agus gealltóireacht spóirt.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.sbnation.com/2015/5/18/8612889/action-bronson-lyrics-sports-randy-velarde-mary-lou-retton-gerrit-badenhorst}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/action-bronson-gets-extremely-sports-on-espn|work=VICE Sports|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526234635/https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/action-bronson-gets-extremely-sports-on-espn|archivedate=May 26, 2015}}</ref> Go luath ina ghairm bheatha, bhain Bronson aitheantas amach as a bheith cosúil lena chomh-rapálaí Nua-Eabhrac Ghostface Killah de Wu-Tang Clan (lena gcomhoibrigh sé, in éineacht lena chara agus chomh-rapálaí Termanology, ar amhrán ar a dtugtar "Meteor Hammer", ó albam díolama na bliana 2011 ''Armas Legendary''). D'admhaigh Ghostface Killah é féin go gcuirtear mearbhall air le rapáil de chuid Bronson mar rapáil dá chuid féin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.pigeonsandplanes.com/2015/05/ghostface-killah-admits-he-has-confused-action-bronsons-voice-for-his-own/|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2015-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523142810/http://pigeonsandplanes.com/2015/05/ghostface-killah-admits-he-has-confused-action-bronsons-voice-for-his-own/}}</ref> In agallamh le HipHopDX in 2011, fiafraíodh de Bhronson faoi conas a bhí sé a bheith curtha i gcomparáid leis an rapálaí Wu-Tang, agus d’fhreagair sé le, "Sea, dairíre ag deireadh an lae, tá gach rud ina cheart toisc go bhfuil Ghostface Killah i measc na rapálaithe is fearr ar domhan, mar sin tá sé ceart go leor má tá fuaim agam atá cosúil lena bhfuil ag an rapálaí is fearr ar domhan. Domsa, níl aon chomparáid ann; is laoch é agus is duine nua mé. Dá mbeinn chun iarracht a dhéanamh aithris a dhéanamh ar aon duine, is Kool G Rap a phiocfainn, is é an té a bhfuil an meas is mó agam air. Nílim trí chéile ach ag deireadh an lae is mo dhuine féin mé agus ní féidir le héinne é sin a bhaint díom." == Saol pearsanta == Tá beirt pháistí ag Bronson le hiar-chailín.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/action-bronson-announces-girlfriends-pregnancy-with-beautiful-photo-news.94349.html|work=HotNewHipHop|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2021-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121031628/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/action-bronson-announces-girlfriends-pregnancy-with-beautiful-photo-news.94349.html}}</ref> Rugadh mac do chailín reatha Bronson i mí na Samhna 2019.<ref name="Men's Health">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.menshealth.com/weight-loss/a34863593/action-bronson-weight-loss-125-pound-transformation-workout/|work=Men's Health}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.sohh.com/action-bronson-clocks-in-workout-goals-w-his-mini-me-my-workout-partner/}}</ref> I lár na bliana 2020, mar gheall ar mheáchan coirp 400 punt (180kg) a bhaint amach, agus an iliomad fadhbanna sláinte a bhaineann leis a bheith aige, chomh maith le saolú a mhic, thosaigh Bronson réim ithe níos sláintiúla chomh maith le [[dornálaíocht]] agus traenáil eatramhach ard-déine. I mí na Nollag 2020 bhí 127 punt (58 kg) caillte aige.<ref name="Men's Health"/> Chuaigh sé i mbun [[Jú-Jiotsú Brasaíleach|jiu-jitsu Brasaíleach]] in 2021.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://bjjtribes.com/rap-artist-action-bronson-begins-training-bjj-with-ryron-gracie/|language=en-US|work=BjjTribes|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2023-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406192624/https://bjjtribes.com/rap-artist-action-bronson-begins-training-bjj-with-ryron-gracie/}}</ref> == Dioscliosta ==   * ''Dr. Lecter'' (2011) * ''Well-Done'' (2011) <small>(le Statik Selektah)</small> * ''Mr. Wonderful'' (2015) * ''Blue Chips 7000'' (2017) * ''White Bronco'' (2018) * ''Only for Dolphins'' <ref name="Dolphins"/> (2020) == Gradaim agus ainmniúcháin == === Gradaim Hip Hop BET === Bunaíodh na Gradaim Hip Hop BET in 2006 ag an ngréasán chun taibheoirí is léiritheoirí [[Rapcheol|hip-hop]], agus stiúrthóirí físeán ceoil a cheiliúradh. {| class="wikitable" !Bliain ! Obair ainmnithe ! Gradam ! Toradh |- | 2013 | Action Bronson | Rookie na Bliana <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.bet.com/shows/hip-hop-awards/2013/nominees/who-new-rookie-of-the-year.html|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2022-04-03|archivedate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002054652/http://www.bet.com/shows/hip-hop-awards/2013/nominees/who-new-rookie-of-the-year.html}}</ref> |Ainmnithe |- | 2014 | Blue Chips | Mixtape is Fearr |Ainmnithe |} == Féach freisin == * Liosta de na ceoltóirí hip hop * Liosta daoine ó Queens * Ceol na cathrach nua-Eabhrac == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bronson, Action}} [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1983]] fm30vjrk65tp2njzzqflojc4gjq9f2w 0 101546 1331779 1328022 2026-11-04T12:11:49Z Makenzis 33766 /* Trófaithe */ 1331779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta | nom = FC Hegelmann | nom_original = Futbolo klubas Hegelmann | colors = {{color box|blue}} {{color box|white}} [[gorm]], [[bán]] | data_fundacio = [[2009]] | entrenador = {{bratach|}} | lliga = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | equipament = {{Trealamh spóirt iolracha | pattern_la1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_b1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_ra1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_sh1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_so1 = _hummel20w | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_b2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_ra2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_sh2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_so2 = _hummel20tb | leftarm2 = 0000FF | body2 = 0000FF | rightarm2 = 0000FF | shorts2 = 0000FF | socks2 = 0000FF | title_kit1 = Baile | title_kit2 = As baile }} }} Is club [[Sacar|sacair]] é '''Kauno rajono Hegelmann futbolo klubas''' as [[Raudondvaris]]. Bunaíodh an club sa bhliain 2009, agus imríonn sé san [[TOPLYGA]]. == Trófaithe == ;Náisiúnta *'''A lyga''' (0): *'''LFF taurė''' (0): *'''Supertaurė''' (0): {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Bliain !Leibhéal !Sraith !Áit !@ |- | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ([[Kaunas]]) | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | |- | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ([[Kaunas]]) | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| {{increase}} |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' (Pietūs) | bgcolor="#F5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu15lyga2s.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-05-11 |archivedate=2024-11-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241119042132/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu15lyga2s.html }}</ref> | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| {{increase}} |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu16lyga1.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-05-11 |archivedate=2017-03-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323053020/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu16lyga1.html }}</ref> | bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="text-align:center;"| {{decrease}} |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' (Pietūs) | bgcolor="#F5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2s.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-05-11 |archivedate=2018-06-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619064227/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2s.html }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' (Pietūs) | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2s.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-05-11 |archivedate=2018-06-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619070138/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2s.html }}</ref> | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| {{increase}} |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#1lyga</ref> | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| {{increase}} |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2021|2021]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2022|2022]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>[https://us.soccerway.com/national/lithuania/a-lyga/2022/regular-season/r66911/ 2022 på Soccerway]</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2023|2023]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2024|2024]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2025|2025]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [https://fchegelmann.com/ Suíomh oifigiúil an chlub] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/hegelmann FC Hegelmann] ''toplyga.lt'' * [https://uk.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/hegelmann-litauen/30665/ FC Hegelmann] ''Soccerway'' [[Catagóir:Kaunas]] [[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na Liotuáine|Hegelmann]] djcuvi9wd3r53eqgqb1hq0rbv8d0z8m 1331780 1331779 2026-11-04T12:12:05Z Makenzis 33766 /* Naisc sheachtracha */ 1331780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta | nom = FC Hegelmann | nom_original = Futbolo klubas Hegelmann | colors = {{color box|blue}} {{color box|white}} [[gorm]], [[bán]] | data_fundacio = [[2009]] | entrenador = {{bratach|}} | lliga = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | equipament = {{Trealamh spóirt iolracha | pattern_la1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_b1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_ra1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_sh1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_so1 = _hummel20w | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_b2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_ra2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_sh2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_so2 = _hummel20tb | leftarm2 = 0000FF | body2 = 0000FF | rightarm2 = 0000FF | shorts2 = 0000FF | socks2 = 0000FF | title_kit1 = Baile | title_kit2 = As baile }} }} Is club [[Sacar|sacair]] é '''Kauno rajono Hegelmann futbolo klubas''' as [[Raudondvaris]]. Bunaíodh an club sa bhliain 2009, agus imríonn sé san [[TOPLYGA]]. == Trófaithe == ;Náisiúnta *'''A lyga''' (0): *'''LFF taurė''' (0): *'''Supertaurė''' (0): {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Bliain !Leibhéal !Sraith !Áit !@ |- | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ([[Kaunas]]) | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | |- | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ([[Kaunas]]) | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| {{increase}} |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' (Pietūs) | bgcolor="#F5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu15lyga2s.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-05-11 |archivedate=2024-11-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241119042132/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu15lyga2s.html }}</ref> | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| {{increase}} |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu16lyga1.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-05-11 |archivedate=2017-03-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323053020/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu16lyga1.html }}</ref> | bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="text-align:center;"| {{decrease}} |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' (Pietūs) | bgcolor="#F5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2s.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-05-11 |archivedate=2018-06-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619064227/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2s.html }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' (Pietūs) | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2s.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-05-11 |archivedate=2018-06-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619070138/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2s.html }}</ref> | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| {{increase}} |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#1lyga</ref> | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| {{increase}} |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2021|2021]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2022|2022]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>[https://us.soccerway.com/national/lithuania/a-lyga/2022/regular-season/r66911/ 2022 på Soccerway]</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2023|2023]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2024|2024]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2025|2025]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [https://fchegelmann.com/ Suíomh oifigiúil an chlub] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/hegelmann FC Hegelmann] ''toplyga.lt'' * [https://uk.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/hegelmann-litauen/30665/ FC Hegelmann] ''Soccerway'' [[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na Liotuáine|Hegelmann]] f6nlmkya3a1bhugj0veuub0mki4qrr5 0 101549 1331785 1324162 2026-11-04T12:14:31Z Makenzis 33766 /* Trófaithe */ 1331785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta | nom = Šiaulių FA | nom_original = Futbolo Akademija Šiauliai <br / > Šiaulių Futbolo Akademija | colors = {{color box|black}} {{color box|yellow}} [[dubh]], [[buí]] | data_fundacio = 2007 | estadi = [[Estadi Savivaldybės (Šiauliai)]], <br /> [[Šiauliai]], [[Lituània]] | capacitat = 3.000 | entrenador = {{bratach|Lithuania}} | lliga = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | equipament={{Trealamh spóirt iolracha | pattern_la1= | pattern_b1= _blackstripes | pattern_ra1= | pattern_sh1= _whitesides | pattern_so1= _blackline | leftarm1= 000000 |body1= FFFF00 |rightarm1= 000000 |shorts1= 000000 |socks1= FFFF00 | pattern_la2= |pattern_b2= |pattern_ra2= |leftarm2= FF0000 |body2= FF0000 |rightarm2= FF0000 |shorts2= FF0000 |socks2= 000000 | title_kit1 = Baile | title_kit2 = As baile }} }} Is club [[Sacar|sacair]] é '''Šiaulių futbolo akademija''' as [[Šiauliai]] na Liotuáine. Bunaíodh an club sa bhliain 2007, agus imríonn sé san [[TOPLYGA]]. == Trófaithe == ;Náisiúnta *'''A lyga''' (0): *'''LFF taurė''' (4): *'''Supertaurė''' (0): {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Bliain !Leibhéal !Sraith !Áit !@ |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2010''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ''(Šiauliai)'' | bgcolor="#f5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''9.''' | |- ||||||||| |- | bgcolor="#FFffFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ''(Šiauliai)'' | bgcolor="#F5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' ''(Vakarai)'' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2w.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-05-11 |archivedate=2020-06-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608210521/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2w.html }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' ''(Vakarai)'' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2w.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2022-05-11 |archivedate=2020-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116183350/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2w.html }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[1 Lyga|Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#1lyga</ref> |- |||||||||| |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2023|2023]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#DEB678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2024|2024]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2025|2025]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="text-align:center;"| '''9.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.siauliufa.lt/ Suíomh oifigiúil an chlub] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/fa-siauliai FA Šiauliai: toplyga.lt] * [https://www.soccerway.com/team/fa-siauliai/CMmWKuwf/ SOCCERWAY] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fa-siauliai/36613/ Globalsportsarchive] [[Catagóir:Šiauliai]] [[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na Liotuáine|Šiauliai]] luk2cnjsu0skm0fom8h6rj5cem7bwuh 0 101553 1331781 1297316 2026-11-04T12:12:49Z Makenzis 33766 /* Trófaithe */ 1331781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta | nom_original = Futbolo Klubas Panevėžys | colors = {{color box|red}} {{color box|blue}} [[dearg]], [[gorm]] | lliga = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | equipament={{Trealamh spóirt il | pattern_la1 = _den10h | pattern_b1 = _shoulder_stripes_white_stripes | pattern_ra1 = _den10h | pattern_sh1 = _adidaswhite | pattern_so1 = _3_stripes_white | leftarm1 = DD0000 | body1 = DD0000 | rightarm1 = DD0000 | shorts1 = DD0000 | socks1 = DD0000 | pattern_la2 = _bayer0910t | pattern_b2 = _bayer0910t | pattern_ra2 = _bayer0910t | pattern_sh2 = _adidaswhite | pattern_so2 = _3_stripes_white | leftarm2 = 0000FF | body2 = 0000CD | rightarm2 = 0000FF | shorts2 = 0000FF | socks2 = 0000FF | title_kit1 = Baile | title_kit2 = As baile }} }} Is club [[Sacar|sacair]] é '''Panevėžio futbolo klubas''' as [[Panevėžys]]. Bunaíodh an club sa bhliain 2016, agus imríonn sé san [[TOPLYGA]]. == Trófaithe == ;Náisiúnta *'''A lyga''' (1): 2023 *'''LFF taurė''' (2): 2020, 2025<ref>[https://lietuvosfutbolas.lt/rungtynes/fk-panevezys-fc-hegelmann-22618155/ Lietuvosfutbolas.lt]</ref><ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/match/fc-hegelmann-nmpJqEeg/fk-panevezys-E1ffSpX7/ Soccerway.com]</ref> *'''Supertaurė''' (2): 2021, 2024 {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Bliain !Leibhéal !Sraith !Áit !@ |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''8.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#1lyga</ref> | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| {{increase}} '''A lyga 2019''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2019|2019]]''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2020|2020]]''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga</ref> | style="text-align:center; background:gold;"| 🏆 '''LFF taurė''' |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2021|2021]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> | style="text-align:center; background:gold;"| 🏆 '''Supertaurė''' |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2022|2022]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#DEB678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>[https://us.soccerway.com/national/lithuania/a-lyga/2022/regular-season/r66911/ 2022 på Soccerway]</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2023|2023]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2024|2024]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''8.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2025|2025]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.fk-panevezys.lt/ Suíomh oifigiúil an chlub] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/panevezys FK Panevėžys: toplyga.lt] * [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/fk-panevezys/33092/ FK Panevėžys: Soccerway] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-panevezys/25064/ Globalsportsarchive] [[Catagóir:Panevėžys]] [[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na Liotuáine|Panevėžys]] 0o19qvardbs24bqij1oilwbnobled6o 0 106518 1331829 1330031 2026-11-04T21:37:43Z TGcoa 21229 1331829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Toghchán}} I Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá i dtús mí Eanáir 2023, bhí [[Teach na hIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] ina chocstí agus an [[Páirtí Poblachtánach]] ag iarraidh Ceann Comhairle nua, nó [[Spéicéir Theach na nIonadaithe, SAM|Spéicéir]], a thoghadh. Cé go raibh tromlach acu sa Teach, ní raibh siad ar dtús in ann aontú ar éinne, tar éis vóta i ndiaidh vóta. Fuair [[Kevin McCarthy]] 203 vóta sa chéad bhabhta, agus 218 gcinn de dhíth, ach d’imigh sé ar gcúl go mall ina dhiaidh. Ní bhfuair sé ach 201 tar éis ocht vóta.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/nuacht-mhall/7-eanáir-2023-maigh-eo-5eJX_CjvpVD/|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Maigh Eo)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=7 Eanáir 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Listen Notes|dátarochtana=2023-01-17}} {{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>[[Íomhá:Kevin McCarthy, official photo, 116th Congress.jpg|mion|[[Kevin McCarthy]], 2019|clé]] [[Íomhá:Us rep mike johnson official photo.jpg|clé|mion|[[Mike Johnson]]]] Bhí fiche Ionadaí ó “Pháirtí na Saoirse”, atá i bhfad amach ar an eite dheis, go láidir ina choinne. Bhí obair an Tí, agus cuid mhór d'obair rialtas na Stát Aontaithe fiú, ar fad i sáinn.<ref name=":0" /> Faoi dheireadh, bhí an lá ag McCarthy sa 15ú bhabhta. === As oifig === I mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2023, bhí McCarthy curtha as oifig mar Spéicéir. Is é an chéad cheannaire i stair sheomra íochtair Chomhdháil na Stát Aontaithe a baineadh den phost. Vótáil ochtar Poblachtánach ón eite fhíordheis den pháirtí i gcoinne cheannaire a bpáirtí (216 go 210 an vóta). Níos déanaí, thug Donald Trump a chuid tacaíochta a thabhairt do Jim Jordan, fearr a mheastar le bheith ar dhuine de na polaiteoirí is coimeádaí sa Chomhdháil. Bhí ar an gComhdháil spéicéir a cheapadh roimh an 17ú de mhí na Samhna chun dúnadh féideartha an rialtais a sheachaint.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/nuacht-mhall/id1525428808|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall on Apple Podcasts|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge. Londain|dáta=2023-10-08|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2023-10-11}}</ref> Toghadh [[Mike Johnson]] mar [[Spéicéir Theach na nIonadaithe, SAM|Spéicéir]] ar 25 Deireadh Fómhair, i bhfad amach ar an eite dheis == Féach freisin == * [[Kevin McCarthy]], [[Mike Johnson]] * [[Spéicéir Theach na nIonadaithe, SAM]] * [[Teach na hIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:2023]] [[Catagóir:Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe]] 6r5ubipnyhcb6sk97qx08iljjslehbk 0 109089 1331810 1171853 2026-11-04T18:26:35Z LametinoWiki 23199 1331810 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Helix.svg|thumb|Héilics]] Is ainm é '''héilics''' a úsáidtear chun struchtúr nó próiseas a léiriú a bhfuil cruth ciorclach nó casadh aige. Is féidir leis an téarma seo a bheith i gceist in iliomad disciplíní, ón [[Matamaitic|mhatamaitic]] go dtí an [[Bitheolaíocht|bhitheolaíocht]], áit a bhfuil sé ag tagairt go hiondúil do struchtúr an [[ADN]], a bhfuil cruth héiliciúil aige. 64z0vmlue441g0m22anqq4grhvbdf8y 1 111522 1331850 1331128 2026-11-05T11:30:16Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1331850 wikitext text/x-wiki == glanadh-mar|profléitheoireacht de dhíth == Tá súil agam go bhfuil mo bhotúin ceartaithe agam![[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 14:14, 3 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) :GRMA. [[Úsáideoir:Kevin Scannell|kscanne]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Kevin Scannell|plé]]) 14:18, 3 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) ==https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madarch_meithrin== Is trua nach bhfuil mé in ann leas a bhaint as an 'Wikidata list' seo a leanas; <nowiki> {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P105 wd:Q7432. ?item wdt:P171 ?sub0 . ?sub0 (wdt:P171)* wd:Q913614 } LIMIT 10 |sort=label |columns=label:rhywogaeth,P225,P18:delwedd |row_template=Zutabe formatoa/Familiak |thumb=80 |links= }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! rhywogaeth ! ainm an tacsóin ! delwedd |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10400771|Acutocapillitium filiforme]]'' | p225 = Acutocapillitium filiforme }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10400774|Acutocapillitium torrendii]]'' | p225 = Acutocapillitium torrendii }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10416550|Arachnion album]]'' | p225 = Arachnion album | p18 = [[Íomhá:Arachnion album 364645.jpg|center|80px]] }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10416551|Arachnion bovista]]'' | p225 = Arachnion bovista }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10416553|Arachnion iulii]]'' | p225 = Arachnion iulii }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10416552|Arachnion lazoi]]'' | p225 = Arachnion lazoi }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10416554|Arachnion lloydianum]]'' | p225 = Arachnion lloydianum }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10635018|Podaxis carcinomalis]]'' | p225 = Podaxis carcinomalis }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q844279|Podaxis pistillaris]]'' | p225 = Podaxis pistillaris | p18 = [[Íomhá:Mushroom in Wadi Rum 01.jpg|center|80px]] }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10635017|Podaxis senegalensis]]'' | p225 = Podaxis senegalensis }} |} {{Wikidata list end}}</nowiki> [[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 14:30, 3 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) eec6dthky6m1zgf89qm199ri2l1gtqv 0 116617 1331797 1331225 2026-11-04T17:28:37Z LametinoWiki 23199 Bhog LametinoWiki an leathanach [[Verona Murphy]] go [[Verona Uí Mhurchú]]: Leagan Gaeilge 1331225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine|imatge=Verona Murphy at the Sitting of the 34th Dáil on 18 December 2024 (cropped).jpg|v_p18_caption=Murphy (2024)}} Is polaiteoir agus [[Teachta Dála]], ina ball den Ghrúpa Réigiúnach Neamhspleách, as [[Contae Loch Garman]] í '''Verona Uí Mhurchú''',<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/bill/2021/5/eng/initiated/b0521d.pdf|title=An Bille um Cheartas Coiriúil (Cionta Gadaíochta agus Calaoise) (Leasú) (Peataí), 2021|author=[[Oireachtas]]|date=27 Eanáir, 2021}}</ref> nó '''''Verona Murphy''''' (a rugadh sa bhliain [[1971|1971]]). Ceapadh í mar [[Ceann Comhairle|Cheann Comhairle]] Dháil Éireann ar an 18 Nollaig 2024. Níl aon eagla uirthi roimh chonspóid. [[Íomhá:Verona Murphy, Dec 2024 - (54185823872) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|2024|293x293px]] == Gairm == D'fhás Murphy suas [[An Ghráinseach, Contae Loch Garman (San Séamas agus Dún Bróithe)|sa Ghráinseach]], Loch Garman. Cúlra [[Fine Gael|Fhine Gael]] atá aici agus tá gréasán tacaíochta láidir aici sa ''Wexford Independent Alliance''. Is minic a chloistear í ar na meáin náisiúnta. Nuair a bhí an pobalóir [[Mick Wallace]] i  bParlaimint na hEorpa le linn 2019-2024, bhí bratach an neamhspleáigh i Loch Garman ardaithe ag Murphy, agus toghadh í gan mórán dua in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2020|Olltoghchán 2020]] agus arís in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2024|Olltoghchán 2024]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/coinneoidh-verona-murphy-a-suiochan-in-ainneoin-mick-wallace-a-bheith-sa-ras/|teideal=Coinneoidh Verona Murphy a suíochán in ainneoin Mick Wallace a bheith sa rás|údar=Donncha Ó hÉallaithe|dáta=17 Samhain 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-12-18}}</ref> Toghadh Murphy ina Ceann Comhairle ar an 18 Nollaig 2024, an chéad bhean leis an ngradam sin a fháil. Tháinig an ceapachán conspóid. * Thug Fianna Fáil agus Fine Gael tacaíocht do Murphy mar chuid den idirbheartaíocht atá ar siúl acu leis an nGrúpa Réigiúnach Neamhspleách faoi chomhrialtas a bhunú, gníomh a mhaígh [[Seán Ó Fearghaíl]] (Fianna Fáileach agus ina Cheann Comhairle sa Dáil ó 2016 go dtí 2024) agus daoine eile a rinne mír mhargántaíochta de ról tábhachtach<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/verona-murphy-tofa-ina-ceann-comhairle-sa-dail-an-chead-bhean-riamh-sa-rol/|teideal=Verona Murphy tofa ina Ceann Comhairle sa Dáil, an chéad bhean riamh sa ról|dáta=2024-12-18|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-12-18}}</ref>. Bhí díomá air, a dúirt sé, nach raibh ceannasaíocht an pháirtí ag tacú leis an uair seo. Dlúthchuid den mhargáil faoi bhunú an chéad rialtais eile, áfach, ab ea an cinneadh a rinne ceannaire Fhianna Fáil Micheál Martin tacú le Verona Murphy in áit Sheáin Uí Fhearghaíl.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Verona Murphy tofa ina Ceann Comhairle sa 34ú Dáil Éireann|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2024/1218/1487128-verona-murphy-tofa-ina-ceann-comhairle-sa-34u-dail-eireann/|date=2024-12-18|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> * Ní cainteoir Gaeilge í Verona Murphy. Cainteoirí líofa Gaeilge iad na hiarrthóirí Seán Ó Fearghaíl agus [[Aengus Ó Snodaigh]] agus dúirt siad roimh an vóta gur chóir go mbeadh Gaeilge ag an té a cheapfaí sa phost.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ceim-ar-chul-a-bheadh-ann-ceann-comhairle-gan-ghaeilge-a-thoghadh-aengus-o-snodaigh/|teideal=‘Céim ar chúl a bheadh ann Ceann Comhairle gan Ghaeilge a thoghadh’ – Aengus Ó Snodaigh|dáta=2024-12-18|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-12-18}}</ref> * Bhí tuarastal an Cheann Comhairle - €255,000 in 2024 - níos airde ná an €243,895 a íoctar leis an Taoiseach. [[Íomhá:Verona Murphy - 22 January 2025 (54280070977) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|an Ceann Comhairle sa Dáil, 22 Eanáir 2025.|295x295px]] === 34ú Dáil === Bhí cúrsaí ina gcíor thuathail sa [[An 34ú Dáil|34ú Dáil]] go minic agus Murphy i mbun. Tharraing na cearta labhartha sa Dáil conspóid.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ceachtanna-le-foghlaim-ar-gach-taobh-sa-dail/|teideal=Ceachtanna le foghlaim ar gach taobh sa Dáil|údar=Cathal Mac Coille|dáta=25 Eanáir 2025|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-01-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-dail-curtha-ar-athla-agus-i-ina-cior-thuathail-ag-conspoid-na-gceart-cainte/|teideal=An Dáil curtha ar athlá agus í ina cíor thuathail ag conspóid na gceart cainte|dáta=2025-03-25|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-03-25}}</ref> <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Moladh an Rialtais maidir le cearta labhartha rite sa Dáil|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0325/1503887-moladh-an-rialtais-maidir-le-cearta-labharta-rite-sa-dail/|date=2025-03-25|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Sinn Féin ag éileamh ar an gCeann Comhairle éirí as a post|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0326/1504161-sinn-fein-ag-eileamh-ar-an-gceann-comhairle-eiri-as-a-post/|date=2025-03-26|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> {{Main|An 34ú Dáil}} == Gaeilge == Cáineadh an cinneadh Verona Murphy a ainmniú le bheith ina Ceann Comhairle toisc gan aon Ghaeilge a bheith aici, rud a bhí riachtanach don phost dar lena réamhtheachtaí.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/gealltanas-an-cheann-comhairle-gaeilge-a-fhoghlaim-fos-i-bhfeidhm-ach-ni-fios-cen-plean-ata-aici/|teideal=Gealltanas an Cheann Comhairle Gaeilge a fhoghlaim ‘fós i bhfeidhm’, ach ní fios cén plean atá aici|údar=Maitiú Ó Coimín|dáta=14 Feabhra 2025|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-02-14}}</ref> Dúirt Murphy sular ceapadh í mar Cheann Comhairle go gcuirfeadh sí feabhas ar a cuid Gaeilge agus dheimhnigh sí go raibh sé i gceist aici go mbeadh leibhéal líofachta aici a bheadh “ag teacht” lena ról. I mí Feabhra 2025, bhí easpa líofachta Gaeilge an Cheann Comhairle i mbéal an phobail mar gheall ar achrann a tarraingíodh sa Dáil nuair a dúirt an Taoiseach Micheál Martin gur “ag insint bréaga” a bhí ceannaire Shinn Féin Mary Lou McDonald; bhí leas bainte aige as easpa Gaeilge an Cheann Comhairle agus as an teanga féin chun McDonald a mhaslú.<ref name=":0" /> == Féach freisin == *[[Loch Garman (Dáilcheantar)]] *[[:Catagóir:Loch Garman (Dáilcheantar)|Polaiteoirí i nDáilcheantar Loch Garman]] *[[An 34ú Dáil]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, Verona}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1971]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 32ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Loch Garman]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Loch Garman (Dáilcheantar)]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí neamhspleácha na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 34ú Dáil]] [[Catagóir:Cinn Chomhairle]] [[Catagóir:Baill den 33ú Dáil]] qthdg4cwuor0juybhi8tx9v2ns6mb8k 2 120000 1331793 1331772 2026-11-04T16:33:06Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Praghsáil carbóin */ 1331793 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] * [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] #* [[Tairif carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon pricing|Carbon pricing]]'' - [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' == <ref name=iate /> == Role of climate change conferences '' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources. '' The UN Climate Change Conferences<ref name=uncc /> serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts. == Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! Bliain ! Ainm ! Tír, cathair óstach ! Uachtarán ! Tír uachtaránachta ! Grúpa réigiúnach |- | 1995 | [[#1995|COP&nbsp;1]] | [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin | [[Angela Merkel]] | {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}} | [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]] |- |1996 |[[#1996|COP&nbsp;2]] |[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis |[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]] |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Grúpa na hAfraice]] |- |1997 |[[#1997|COP&nbsp;3]] |[[Kyoto]], Japan |[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]] |{{flag|Japan}} |[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |- |1998 |[[#1998|COP&nbsp;4]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[María Julia Alsogaray]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |1999 |[[#1999|COP&nbsp;5]] |[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin |[[Jan Szyszko]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2000 |[[#2000|COP&nbsp;6]] |[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír |[[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#2001|COP&nbsp;6-2]] |[[Bonn]], Germany | [[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#COP&nbsp;7|COP&nbsp;7]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2002 |[[#2002|COP&nbsp;8]] |[[New Delhi]], India |[[T. R. Baalu]] |{{flag|India}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2003 |[[#2003|COP&nbsp;9]] |[[Milan]], Italy |[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}</ref> |{{flag|Hungary}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2004 |[[#2004|COP&nbsp;10]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[Ginés González García]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2005 |[[#2005|COP&nbsp;11]] |[[Montréal]], Canada |[[Stéphane Dion]] |{{flag|Canada}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2006 |[[#2006|COP&nbsp;12]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |[[Kivutha Kibwana]] |{{flag|Kenya}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2007 |[[#2007|COP&nbsp;13]] |[[Bali]], Indonesia |[[Rachmat Witoelar]] |{{flag|Indonesia}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2008 |[[#2008|COP&nbsp;14]] |[[Poznań]], Poland |[[Maciej Nowicki]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2009 |[[#2009|COP&nbsp;15]] |[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark |[[Connie Hedegaard]] |{{flag|Denmark}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2010 |[[#2010|COP&nbsp;16]] |[[Cancún]], Mexico |[[Patricia Espinosa]] |{{flag|Mexico}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2011 |[[#2011|COP&nbsp;17]] |[[Durban]], South Africa |[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]] |{{flag|South Africa}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2012 |[[#2012|COP&nbsp;18]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]] |{{flag|Qatar}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2013 |[[#2013|COP&nbsp;19]] |[[Warsaw]], Poland |[[Marcin Korolec]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2014 |[[#2014|COP&nbsp;20]] |[[Líoma]], Peru |[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]] |{{flag|Peru}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2015 |[[#2015|COP&nbsp;21]] |[[Páras]], France |[[Laurent Fabius]] |{{flag|France}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2016 |[[#2016|COP&nbsp;22]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Salaheddine Mezouar]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2017 |[[#2017|COP&nbsp;23]] |[[Bonn]], Germany |[[Frank Bainimarama]]<ref name=unfccc2017 /> |{{flag|Fiji}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2018 |[[#2018|COP&nbsp;24]] |[[Katowice]], Poland |[[Michał Kurtyka]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2019 |[[#2019|COP&nbsp;25]] |[[Maidrid]], Spain |[[Carolina Schmidt]] |{{flag|Chile}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |<s>2020</s> |<s>COP 26</s> |<s>Glasgow, United Kingdom</s> |Postponed due to COVID |<s>United Kingdom</s> |<s>Western Europe and Other Group</s> |- | 2021 |[[#2021|COP&nbsp;26]] |[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom |[[Alok Sharma]] |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2022 |[[#2022|COP&nbsp;27]] |[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt |[[Sameh Shoukry]] |{{flag|Egypt}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2023 |[[#2023|COP&nbsp;28]] |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates |[[Sultan Al Jaber]] |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- | 2024 |[[#2024|COP&nbsp;29]] |[[Baku]], Azerbaijan |[[Mukhtar Babayev]], |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- | 2025 |[[#2025|COP&nbsp;30]] |[[Belém]], Brazil | [[André Corrêa do Lago]] |{{flag|Brazil}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- | 2026 |[[#2026|COP&nbsp;31]] |[[Antalya]], Turkey |[[Murat Kurum]] |{{flag|Turkey}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2027 |[[#2027|COP&nbsp;32]] |[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia |[[Gedion Timothewos]] <ref name=ethiopia>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}</ref> | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2028 | [[#2028|COP&nbsp;33]] | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |} <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}</ref> <ref name=uncc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=unfccc2017>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}</ref> == ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} == Praghsáil carbóin == [[Íomhá:Carbon taxes and emission trading worldwide.svg | mion | '' Trádáil astaíochtaí agus cánacha carbóin ar fud an domhain (2021) {{Legend | #009a3e | [[Carbon emission trading]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #323b90 | [[Cáin charbóin]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #fbba00 | Trádáil nó cáin faoi scrúdú}}]] Is modh é '''praghsáil carbóin''' (nó Praghsáil '''CO₂}} pricing''') chun [[maolú an athraithe aeráide|athrú aeráide a mhaolú]]. Cuirtear cáin ar [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] chun truaillitheoirí a spreagadh dóchán [[breosla iontaise]] a laghdú. De ghnáth, is [[cáin charbóin]] é an praghas, é sin nó scéim i ndáil le [[trádáil astaíochtaí]] (STA).<ref name=:0 /> Is í an fhadhb a a iarrann praghsáil carbóin a réiteach ná gur [[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] iad astaíochtaí [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO₂]] agus [[gás ceaptha teasa]] (GCT) eile. Táthar ar aon intinn go forleathan gur beartas cruinn é chun astaíochtaí dá leithéid a laghdú. Tá sásra um praghsáil carbóin ag réigiúin amhail is [[Ceanada]] agus an chuid is mó de thíortha Eorpacha. Sa bhliain 2021, thug an tSín sásra isteach.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank|2021|p=23}}</ref><ref name="China ETS2" /> Ar an láimh eile de, níl beartas phraghsáil carbóin ag truaillitheoirí amhail is [[an Ind]], [[an Rúis]], [[Stáit na Murascaille]] agus go leor stát sna SAM.<ref name=ieporg /> Bhí sásra praghsála ag [[an Astráil]] idir na blianta 2012 agus 2014. Faoin mbliain 2025, tá 28% de GCT domhanda cumhdaithe le praghsáil carbóin.<ref name=:2 /> Dar leis an b[[Painéal Idir-Rialtasach ar an Athrú Aeráide]], '' a price level of $135–$5500 in 2030 and $245–$13,000 per metric ton CO₂ in 2050 would be needed to drive carbon emissions to stay below [[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|the 1.5°C limit]].<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|p=374}}</ref> Latest models of the [[social cost of carbon]] calculate a damage of more than $300 per ton of CO₂ as a result of economy feedbacks and falling global [[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]] growth rates, while policy recommendations range from about $50 to $200.<ref name="Kikstra 2021">{{harvnb|Kikstra|2021}}</ref>{{rp|2}} Many carbon pricing schemes including the ETS in China remain below $10 per ton of CO₂.<ref name="China ETS" /> One exception is the [[European Union Emissions Trading System]] (EU-ETS) which exceeded €100 per ton of CO₂ in February 2023.<ref name=:1 />. Current implementations are only designed to meet certain reduction targets. Is féidir le comhlachtaí a gcuid sásraí féin a chur i bhfeidhm,<ref name=:7 /> ag baint úsáide as trádáil astaíochtaí, seach-praghasanna, táillí carbóin, praghsanna intuigthe, srl.,<ref name=:02 /><ref name=:6 /> deimhnithe le méadraigh éagsúla.<ref name=:12 /> Tá taighde ar siúl maidir lena dtionchair ar astaíochtaí agus [[iomaíocht]].<ref name=:7 /><ref name=:9 /><ref name=:3 /><ref name=:5 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | teideal = What is Carbon Pricing? | url = https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311235027/https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | archive-date=March 11, 2021 | dátarochtana = 2021-03-14 | work = carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org | dáta = 9 Bealtaine 2017}}</ref> <ref name=:1>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Carbon Price Viewer | url = https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer | foilsitheoir = EMBER | dátarochtana = 2021-09-07 | archive-date=September 15, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915123457/https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:2>{{cite journal | date=2025 | title=State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 | url=https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43277|journal=The World Bank | language=en-US | doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-2255-1 | doi-broken-date=April 9, 2026 | hdl=10986/43277}}</ref> <ref name=:02>{{cite journal | last1=Gorbach | first1=O.G.| last2=Kost | first2=C.| last3=Pickett |first3=C. | date=2022 | title=Review of internal carbon pricing and the development of a decision process for the identification of promising Internal Pricing Methods for an Organisation | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032121010170 | journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | language=en | volume=154 | article-number=111745 | doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111745 | bibcode=2022RSERv.15411745G}}</ref> <ref name=:3>{{cite journal | last1=Desai | first1=Rajesh | last2=Raval | first2=Avani | last3=Thanki | first3=Shashank | date=2025 | title=Does internal carbon pricing moderate the firm value effects of carbon emission? A study of an emerging economy | url=https://www.emerald.com/jaar/article/26/5/1213/1251497/Does-internal-carbon-pricing-moderate-the-firm | journal=Journal of Applied Accounting Research | language=en | volume=26 | issue=5 | pages=1213–1236 | doi=10.1108/JAAR-07-2024-0248 | issn=0967-5426}}</ref> <ref name=:5>{{cite journal | last1=Qin | first1=Linxin | last2=Wang | first2=Zhan | last3=Pan | first3=Ane | date=2023-12-13 | title=How the implementation of internal carbon pricing impacts on carbon reduction: facilitating or hindering | url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research | language=en | doi=10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | pmid=38091215 | issn=1614-7499}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{cite journal | last=Harpankar | first=Kshama | date=2019 | title=Internal carbon pricing: rationale, promise and limitations | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178 | journal=Carbon Management | language=en | volume=10 | issue=2 | pages=219–225 | doi=10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178|bibcode=2019CarM...10..219H | issn=1758-3004}}</ref> <ref name=:7>{{cite journal | last1=Zhu | first1=Bangzhu | last2=Xu | first2=Chenxin | last3=Wang| first3=Ping | last4=Zhang | first4=Lin | date=2022 | title=How does internal carbon pricing affect corporate environmental performance? | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0148296322002028 | journal=Journal of Business Research | language=en | volume=145 | pages=65–77 | doi=10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.071}}</ref> <ref name=:9>{{Cite journal | last1=Ma | first1=Jialu | last2=Kuo | first2=Jeffrey | date=2021 | title=Environmental self-regulation for sustainable development: Can internal carbon pricing enhance financial performance? | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2817 | journal=Business Strategy and the Environment | language=en | volume=30 | issue=8 | pages=3517–3527 | doi=10.1002/bse.2817| bibcode=2021BSEnv..30.3517M | issn=0964-4733}}</ref> <ref name=:12>{{Cite journal | last1=Bento | first1=Nuno | last2=Gianfrate | first2=Gianfranco | date=2020 | title=Determinants of internal carbon pricing | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301421520302445 | journal=Energy Policy | language=en | volume=143 | article-number=111499 | doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111499 | bibcode=2020EnPol.14311499B | hdl=10071/20557}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS2">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm = Paul A.| last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021 | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins}}</ref> <ref name=ieporg>{{lua idirlín | teideal =State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2023 | url = http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102955/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-date=October 7, 2024 | dátarochtana = 2 Meitheamh 2023 | foilsitheoir = World Bank Group}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm =Paul A. | last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021}}</ref> }} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ j58i2h36k8yngvlyf8ey8gri5527rz6 1331795 1331793 2026-11-04T16:44:54Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1331795 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] * [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] #* [[Tairif carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon pricing|Carbon pricing]]'' - [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' == <ref name=iate /> == Role of climate change conferences '' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources. '' The UN Climate Change Conferences<ref name=uncc /> serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts. == Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! Bliain ! Ainm ! Tír, cathair óstach ! Uachtarán ! Tír uachtaránachta ! Grúpa réigiúnach |- | 1995 | [[#1995|COP&nbsp;1]] | [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin | [[Angela Merkel]] | {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}} | [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]] |- |1996 |[[#1996|COP&nbsp;2]] |[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis |[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]] |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Grúpa na hAfraice]] |- |1997 |[[#1997|COP&nbsp;3]] |[[Kyoto]], Japan |[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]] |{{flag|Japan}} |[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |- |1998 |[[#1998|COP&nbsp;4]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[María Julia Alsogaray]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |1999 |[[#1999|COP&nbsp;5]] |[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin |[[Jan Szyszko]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2000 |[[#2000|COP&nbsp;6]] |[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír |[[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#2001|COP&nbsp;6-2]] |[[Bonn]], Germany | [[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#COP&nbsp;7|COP&nbsp;7]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2002 |[[#2002|COP&nbsp;8]] |[[New Delhi]], India |[[T. R. Baalu]] |{{flag|India}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2003 |[[#2003|COP&nbsp;9]] |[[Milan]], Italy |[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}</ref> |{{flag|Hungary}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2004 |[[#2004|COP&nbsp;10]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[Ginés González García]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2005 |[[#2005|COP&nbsp;11]] |[[Montréal]], Canada |[[Stéphane Dion]] |{{flag|Canada}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2006 |[[#2006|COP&nbsp;12]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |[[Kivutha Kibwana]] |{{flag|Kenya}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2007 |[[#2007|COP&nbsp;13]] |[[Bali]], Indonesia |[[Rachmat Witoelar]] |{{flag|Indonesia}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2008 |[[#2008|COP&nbsp;14]] |[[Poznań]], Poland |[[Maciej Nowicki]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2009 |[[#2009|COP&nbsp;15]] |[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark |[[Connie Hedegaard]] |{{flag|Denmark}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2010 |[[#2010|COP&nbsp;16]] |[[Cancún]], Mexico |[[Patricia Espinosa]] |{{flag|Mexico}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2011 |[[#2011|COP&nbsp;17]] |[[Durban]], South Africa |[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]] |{{flag|South Africa}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2012 |[[#2012|COP&nbsp;18]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]] |{{flag|Qatar}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2013 |[[#2013|COP&nbsp;19]] |[[Warsaw]], Poland |[[Marcin Korolec]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2014 |[[#2014|COP&nbsp;20]] |[[Líoma]], Peru |[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]] |{{flag|Peru}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2015 |[[#2015|COP&nbsp;21]] |[[Páras]], France |[[Laurent Fabius]] |{{flag|France}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2016 |[[#2016|COP&nbsp;22]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Salaheddine Mezouar]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2017 |[[#2017|COP&nbsp;23]] |[[Bonn]], Germany |[[Frank Bainimarama]]<ref name=unfccc2017 /> |{{flag|Fiji}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2018 |[[#2018|COP&nbsp;24]] |[[Katowice]], Poland |[[Michał Kurtyka]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2019 |[[#2019|COP&nbsp;25]] |[[Maidrid]], Spain |[[Carolina Schmidt]] |{{flag|Chile}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |<s>2020</s> |<s>COP 26</s> |<s>Glasgow, United Kingdom</s> |Postponed due to COVID |<s>United Kingdom</s> |<s>Western Europe and Other Group</s> |- | 2021 |[[#2021|COP&nbsp;26]] |[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom |[[Alok Sharma]] |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2022 |[[#2022|COP&nbsp;27]] |[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt |[[Sameh Shoukry]] |{{flag|Egypt}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2023 |[[#2023|COP&nbsp;28]] |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates |[[Sultan Al Jaber]] |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- | 2024 |[[#2024|COP&nbsp;29]] |[[Baku]], Azerbaijan |[[Mukhtar Babayev]], |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- | 2025 |[[#2025|COP&nbsp;30]] |[[Belém]], Brazil | [[André Corrêa do Lago]] |{{flag|Brazil}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- | 2026 |[[#2026|COP&nbsp;31]] |[[Antalya]], Turkey |[[Murat Kurum]] |{{flag|Turkey}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2027 |[[#2027|COP&nbsp;32]] |[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia |[[Gedion Timothewos]] <ref name=ethiopia>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}</ref> | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2028 | [[#2028|COP&nbsp;33]] | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |} <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}</ref> <ref name=uncc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=unfccc2017>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}</ref> == ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} == Praghsáil carbóin == [[Íomhá:Carbon taxes and emission trading worldwide.svg | mion | '' Trádáil astaíochtaí agus cánacha carbóin ar fud an domhain (2021) {{Legend | #009a3e | [[Carbon emission trading]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #323b90 | [[Cáin charbóin]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #fbba00 | Trádáil nó cáin faoi scrúdú}}]] Is modh é '''praghsáil carbóin''' (nó Praghsáil '''CO₂}} pricing''') chun [[maolú an athraithe aeráide|athrú aeráide a mhaolú]]. Cuirtear cáin ar [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] chun truaillitheoirí a spreagadh dóchán [[breosla iontaise]] a laghdú. De ghnáth, is [[cáin charbóin]] é an praghas, é sin nó scéim i ndáil le [[trádáil astaíochtaí]] (STA).<ref name=:0 /> Is í an fhadhb a a iarrann praghsáil carbóin a réiteach ná gur [[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] iad astaíochtaí [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO₂]] agus [[gás ceaptha teasa]] (GCT) eile. Táthar ar aon intinn go forleathan gur beartas cruinn é chun astaíochtaí dá leithéid a laghdú. Tá sásra um praghsáil carbóin ag réigiúin amhail is [[Ceanada]] agus an chuid is mó de thíortha Eorpacha. Sa bhliain 2021, thug an tSín sásra isteach.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank|2021|p=23}}</ref><ref name="China ETS2" /> Ar an láimh eile de, níl beartas phraghsáil carbóin ag truaillitheoirí amhail is [[an Ind]], [[an Rúis]], [[Stáit na Murascaille]] agus go leor stát sna SAM.<ref name=ieporg /> Bhí sásra praghsála ag [[an Astráil]] idir na blianta 2012 agus 2014. Faoin mbliain 2025, tá 28% de GCT domhanda cumhdaithe le praghsáil carbóin.<ref name=:2 /> Dar leis an b[[Painéal Idir-Rialtasach ar an Athrú Aeráide]], mbeadh de dhíth praghas an tonna méadrach CO₂ de $135–$5500 in 2030 agus $245–$13,000 in 2050 chun astaíochtaí carbóin a laghdú agus '' [[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|the 1.5°C limit]] a .<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|p=374}}</ref> Latest models of the [[social cost of carbon]] calculate a damage of more than $300 per ton of CO₂ as a result of economy feedbacks and falling global [[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]] growth rates, while policy recommendations range from about $50 to $200.<ref name="Kikstra 2021">{{harvnb|Kikstra|2021}}</ref>{{rp|2}} Many carbon pricing schemes including the ETS in China remain below $10 per ton of CO₂.<ref name="China ETS" /> One exception is the [[European Union Emissions Trading System]] (EU-ETS) which exceeded €100 per ton of CO₂ in February 2023.<ref name=:1 />. Current implementations are only designed to meet certain reduction targets. Is féidir le comhlachtaí a gcuid sásraí féin a chur i bhfeidhm,<ref name=:7 /> ag baint úsáide as trádáil astaíochtaí, seach-praghasanna, táillí carbóin, praghsanna intuigthe, srl.,<ref name=:02 /><ref name=:6 /> deimhnithe le méadraigh éagsúla.<ref name=:12 /> Tá taighde ar siúl maidir lena dtionchair ar astaíochtaí agus [[iomaíocht]].<ref name=:7 /><ref name=:9 /><ref name=:3 /><ref name=:5 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | teideal = What is Carbon Pricing? | url = https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311235027/https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | archive-date=March 11, 2021 | dátarochtana = 2021-03-14 | work = carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org | dáta = 9 Bealtaine 2017}}</ref> <ref name=:1>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Carbon Price Viewer | url = https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer | foilsitheoir = EMBER | dátarochtana = 2021-09-07 | archive-date=September 15, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915123457/https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:2>{{cite journal | date=2025 | title=State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 | url=https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43277|journal=The World Bank | language=en-US | doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-2255-1 | doi-broken-date=April 9, 2026 | hdl=10986/43277}}</ref> <ref name=:02>{{cite journal | last1=Gorbach | first1=O.G.| last2=Kost | first2=C.| last3=Pickett |first3=C. | date=2022 | title=Review of internal carbon pricing and the development of a decision process for the identification of promising Internal Pricing Methods for an Organisation | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032121010170 | journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | language=en | volume=154 | article-number=111745 | doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111745 | bibcode=2022RSERv.15411745G}}</ref> <ref name=:3>{{cite journal | last1=Desai | first1=Rajesh | last2=Raval | first2=Avani | last3=Thanki | first3=Shashank | date=2025 | title=Does internal carbon pricing moderate the firm value effects of carbon emission? A study of an emerging economy | url=https://www.emerald.com/jaar/article/26/5/1213/1251497/Does-internal-carbon-pricing-moderate-the-firm | journal=Journal of Applied Accounting Research | language=en | volume=26 | issue=5 | pages=1213–1236 | doi=10.1108/JAAR-07-2024-0248 | issn=0967-5426}}</ref> <ref name=:5>{{cite journal | last1=Qin | first1=Linxin | last2=Wang | first2=Zhan | last3=Pan | first3=Ane | date=2023-12-13 | title=How the implementation of internal carbon pricing impacts on carbon reduction: facilitating or hindering | url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research | language=en | doi=10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | pmid=38091215 | issn=1614-7499}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{cite journal | last=Harpankar | first=Kshama | date=2019 | title=Internal carbon pricing: rationale, promise and limitations | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178 | journal=Carbon Management | language=en | volume=10 | issue=2 | pages=219–225 | doi=10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178|bibcode=2019CarM...10..219H | issn=1758-3004}}</ref> <ref name=:7>{{cite journal | last1=Zhu | first1=Bangzhu | last2=Xu | first2=Chenxin | last3=Wang| first3=Ping | last4=Zhang | first4=Lin | date=2022 | title=How does internal carbon pricing affect corporate environmental performance? | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0148296322002028 | journal=Journal of Business Research | language=en | volume=145 | pages=65–77 | doi=10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.071}}</ref> <ref name=:9>{{Cite journal | last1=Ma | first1=Jialu | last2=Kuo | first2=Jeffrey | date=2021 | title=Environmental self-regulation for sustainable development: Can internal carbon pricing enhance financial performance? | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2817 | journal=Business Strategy and the Environment | language=en | volume=30 | issue=8 | pages=3517–3527 | doi=10.1002/bse.2817| bibcode=2021BSEnv..30.3517M | issn=0964-4733}}</ref> <ref name=:12>{{Cite journal | last1=Bento | first1=Nuno | last2=Gianfrate | first2=Gianfranco | date=2020 | title=Determinants of internal carbon pricing | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301421520302445 | journal=Energy Policy | language=en | volume=143 | article-number=111499 | doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111499 | bibcode=2020EnPol.14311499B | hdl=10071/20557}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS2">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm = Paul A.| last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021 | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins}}</ref> <ref name=ieporg>{{lua idirlín | teideal =State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2023 | url = http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102955/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-date=October 7, 2024 | dátarochtana = 2 Meitheamh 2023 | foilsitheoir = World Bank Group}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm =Paul A. | last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021}}</ref> }} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 1xsvsm6zm1ktqky734qm950uz8z7yie 1331839 1331795 2026-11-05T08:14:02Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Praghsáil carbóin */ 1331839 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] * [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] #* [[Tairif carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon pricing|Carbon pricing]]'' - [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' == <ref name=iate /> == Role of climate change conferences '' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources. '' The UN Climate Change Conferences<ref name=uncc /> serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts. == Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! Bliain ! Ainm ! Tír, cathair óstach ! Uachtarán ! Tír uachtaránachta ! Grúpa réigiúnach |- | 1995 | [[#1995|COP&nbsp;1]] | [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin | [[Angela Merkel]] | {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}} | [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]] |- |1996 |[[#1996|COP&nbsp;2]] |[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis |[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]] |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Grúpa na hAfraice]] |- |1997 |[[#1997|COP&nbsp;3]] |[[Kyoto]], Japan |[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]] |{{flag|Japan}} |[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |- |1998 |[[#1998|COP&nbsp;4]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[María Julia Alsogaray]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |1999 |[[#1999|COP&nbsp;5]] |[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin |[[Jan Szyszko]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2000 |[[#2000|COP&nbsp;6]] |[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír |[[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#2001|COP&nbsp;6-2]] |[[Bonn]], Germany | [[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#COP&nbsp;7|COP&nbsp;7]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2002 |[[#2002|COP&nbsp;8]] |[[New Delhi]], India |[[T. R. Baalu]] |{{flag|India}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2003 |[[#2003|COP&nbsp;9]] |[[Milan]], Italy |[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}</ref> |{{flag|Hungary}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2004 |[[#2004|COP&nbsp;10]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[Ginés González García]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2005 |[[#2005|COP&nbsp;11]] |[[Montréal]], Canada |[[Stéphane Dion]] |{{flag|Canada}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2006 |[[#2006|COP&nbsp;12]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |[[Kivutha Kibwana]] |{{flag|Kenya}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2007 |[[#2007|COP&nbsp;13]] |[[Bali]], Indonesia |[[Rachmat Witoelar]] |{{flag|Indonesia}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2008 |[[#2008|COP&nbsp;14]] |[[Poznań]], Poland |[[Maciej Nowicki]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2009 |[[#2009|COP&nbsp;15]] |[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark |[[Connie Hedegaard]] |{{flag|Denmark}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2010 |[[#2010|COP&nbsp;16]] |[[Cancún]], Mexico |[[Patricia Espinosa]] |{{flag|Mexico}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2011 |[[#2011|COP&nbsp;17]] |[[Durban]], South Africa |[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]] |{{flag|South Africa}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2012 |[[#2012|COP&nbsp;18]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]] |{{flag|Qatar}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2013 |[[#2013|COP&nbsp;19]] |[[Warsaw]], Poland |[[Marcin Korolec]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2014 |[[#2014|COP&nbsp;20]] |[[Líoma]], Peru |[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]] |{{flag|Peru}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2015 |[[#2015|COP&nbsp;21]] |[[Páras]], France |[[Laurent Fabius]] |{{flag|France}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2016 |[[#2016|COP&nbsp;22]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Salaheddine Mezouar]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2017 |[[#2017|COP&nbsp;23]] |[[Bonn]], Germany |[[Frank Bainimarama]]<ref name=unfccc2017 /> |{{flag|Fiji}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2018 |[[#2018|COP&nbsp;24]] |[[Katowice]], Poland |[[Michał Kurtyka]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2019 |[[#2019|COP&nbsp;25]] |[[Maidrid]], Spain |[[Carolina Schmidt]] |{{flag|Chile}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |<s>2020</s> |<s>COP 26</s> |<s>Glasgow, United Kingdom</s> |Postponed due to COVID |<s>United Kingdom</s> |<s>Western Europe and Other Group</s> |- | 2021 |[[#2021|COP&nbsp;26]] |[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom |[[Alok Sharma]] |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2022 |[[#2022|COP&nbsp;27]] |[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt |[[Sameh Shoukry]] |{{flag|Egypt}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2023 |[[#2023|COP&nbsp;28]] |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates |[[Sultan Al Jaber]] |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- | 2024 |[[#2024|COP&nbsp;29]] |[[Baku]], Azerbaijan |[[Mukhtar Babayev]], |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- | 2025 |[[#2025|COP&nbsp;30]] |[[Belém]], Brazil | [[André Corrêa do Lago]] |{{flag|Brazil}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- | 2026 |[[#2026|COP&nbsp;31]] |[[Antalya]], Turkey |[[Murat Kurum]] |{{flag|Turkey}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2027 |[[#2027|COP&nbsp;32]] |[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia |[[Gedion Timothewos]] <ref name=ethiopia>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}</ref> | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2028 | [[#2028|COP&nbsp;33]] | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |} <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}</ref> <ref name=uncc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=unfccc2017>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}</ref> == ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} == Praghsáil carbóin == [[Íomhá:Carbon taxes and emission trading worldwide.svg | mion | '' Trádáil astaíochtaí agus cánacha carbóin ar fud an domhain (2021) {{Legend | #009a3e | [[Carbon emission trading]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #323b90 | [[Cáin charbóin]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #fbba00 | Trádáil nó cáin faoi scrúdú}}]] Is modh é '''praghsáil carbóin''' (nó Praghsáil '''CO₂}} pricing''') chun [[maolú an athraithe aeráide|athrú aeráide a mhaolú]]. Cuirtear cáin ar [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] chun truaillitheoirí a spreagadh dóchán [[breosla iontaise]] a laghdú. De ghnáth, is [[cáin charbóin]] é an praghas, é sin nó scéim i ndáil le [[trádáil astaíochtaí]] (STA).<ref name=:0 /> Is í an fhadhb a a iarrann praghsáil carbóin a réiteach ná gur [[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] iad astaíochtaí [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO₂]] agus [[gás ceaptha teasa]] (GCT) eile. Táthar ar aon intinn go forleathan gur beartas cruinn é chun astaíochtaí dá leithéid a laghdú. Tá sásra um praghsáil carbóin ag réigiúin amhail is [[Ceanada]] agus an chuid is mó de thíortha Eorpacha. Sa bhliain 2021, thug an tSín sásra isteach.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank|2021|p=23}}</ref><ref name="China ETS2" /> Ar an láimh eile de, níl beartas phraghsáil carbóin ag truaillitheoirí amhail is [[an Ind]], [[an Rúis]], [[Stáit na Murascaille]] agus go leor stát sna SAM.<ref name=ieporg /> Bhí sásra praghsála ag [[an Astráil]] idir na blianta 2012 agus 2014. Faoin mbliain 2025, tá 28% de GCT domhanda cumhdaithe le praghsáil carbóin.<ref name=:2 /> Dar leis an b[[Painéal Idir-Rialtasach ar an Athrú Aeráide]], mbeadh de dhíth praghas an tonna méadrach CO₂ de $135–$5500 in 2030 agus $245–$13,000 in 2050 chun astaíochtaí carbóin a laghdú agus an ''[[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|teorainn 1.5°C]] a bhaint amach.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|p=374}}</ref> '' Many carbon pricing schemes, including the ETS in China, remain below $10 per ton of CO₂.<ref name="China ETS" /> One exception is the [[European Union Emissions Trading System]] (EU-ETS) which exceeded €100 per ton of CO₂ in February 2023.<ref name=:1 /> De réir na samhlacha is déanaí, tá [[costas sóisialta carbóin]] ann le a $300 an tonna CO₂ mar thoradh laghduithe i rátaí fáis [[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]]; idir an dá linn, níl luach ach idir $50 agus $200 geallta ag moltaí beartais.<ref name="Kikstra 2021">{{harvnb|Kikstra|2021}}</ref>{{rp|2}} Is féidir le comhlachtaí a gcuid sásraí féin a chur i bhfeidhm,<ref name=:7 /> ag baint úsáide as trádáil astaíochtaí, seach-praghasanna, táillí carbóin, praghsanna intuigthe, srl.,<ref name=:02 /><ref name=:6 /> deimhnithe le méadraigh éagsúla.<ref name=:12 /> Tá taighde ar siúl maidir lena dtionchair ar astaíochtaí agus [[iomaíocht]].<ref name=:7 /><ref name=:9 /><ref name=:3 /><ref name=:5 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | teideal = What is Carbon Pricing? | url = https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311235027/https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | archive-date=March 11, 2021 | dátarochtana = 2021-03-14 | work = carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org | dáta = 9 Bealtaine 2017}}</ref> <ref name=:1>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Carbon Price Viewer | url = https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer | foilsitheoir = EMBER | dátarochtana = 2021-09-07 | archive-date=September 15, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915123457/https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:2>{{cite journal | date=2025 | title=State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 | url=https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43277|journal=The World Bank | language=en-US | doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-2255-1 | doi-broken-date=April 9, 2026 | hdl=10986/43277}}</ref> <ref name=:02>{{cite journal | last1=Gorbach | first1=O.G.| last2=Kost | first2=C.| last3=Pickett |first3=C. | date=2022 | title=Review of internal carbon pricing and the development of a decision process for the identification of promising Internal Pricing Methods for an Organisation | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032121010170 | journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | language=en | volume=154 | article-number=111745 | doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111745 | bibcode=2022RSERv.15411745G}}</ref> <ref name=:3>{{cite journal | last1=Desai | first1=Rajesh | last2=Raval | first2=Avani | last3=Thanki | first3=Shashank | date=2025 | title=Does internal carbon pricing moderate the firm value effects of carbon emission? A study of an emerging economy | url=https://www.emerald.com/jaar/article/26/5/1213/1251497/Does-internal-carbon-pricing-moderate-the-firm | journal=Journal of Applied Accounting Research | language=en | volume=26 | issue=5 | pages=1213–1236 | doi=10.1108/JAAR-07-2024-0248 | issn=0967-5426}}</ref> <ref name=:5>{{cite journal | last1=Qin | first1=Linxin | last2=Wang | first2=Zhan | last3=Pan | first3=Ane | date=2023-12-13 | title=How the implementation of internal carbon pricing impacts on carbon reduction: facilitating or hindering | url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research | language=en | doi=10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | pmid=38091215 | issn=1614-7499}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{cite journal | last=Harpankar | first=Kshama | date=2019 | title=Internal carbon pricing: rationale, promise and limitations | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178 | journal=Carbon Management | language=en | volume=10 | issue=2 | pages=219–225 | doi=10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178|bibcode=2019CarM...10..219H | issn=1758-3004}}</ref> <ref name=:7>{{cite journal | last1=Zhu | first1=Bangzhu | last2=Xu | first2=Chenxin | last3=Wang| first3=Ping | last4=Zhang | first4=Lin | date=2022 | title=How does internal carbon pricing affect corporate environmental performance? | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0148296322002028 | journal=Journal of Business Research | language=en | volume=145 | pages=65–77 | doi=10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.071}}</ref> <ref name=:9>{{Cite journal | last1=Ma | first1=Jialu | last2=Kuo | first2=Jeffrey | date=2021 | title=Environmental self-regulation for sustainable development: Can internal carbon pricing enhance financial performance? | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2817 | journal=Business Strategy and the Environment | language=en | volume=30 | issue=8 | pages=3517–3527 | doi=10.1002/bse.2817| bibcode=2021BSEnv..30.3517M | issn=0964-4733}}</ref> <ref name=:12>{{Cite journal | last1=Bento | first1=Nuno | last2=Gianfrate | first2=Gianfranco | date=2020 | title=Determinants of internal carbon pricing | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301421520302445 | journal=Energy Policy | language=en | volume=143 | article-number=111499 | doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111499 | bibcode=2020EnPol.14311499B | hdl=10071/20557}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS2">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm = Paul A.| last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021 | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins}}</ref> <ref name=ieporg>{{lua idirlín | teideal =State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2023 | url = http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102955/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-date=October 7, 2024 | dátarochtana = 2 Meitheamh 2023 | foilsitheoir = World Bank Group}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm =Paul A. | last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021}}</ref> }} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 6hqplgpm9qv7jlgtd7wj0mfif6m4o2w 1331840 1331839 2026-11-05T08:22:22Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1331840 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] * [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] #* [[Tairif carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon pricing|Carbon pricing]]'' - [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' == <ref name=iate /> == Role of climate change conferences '' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources. '' The UN Climate Change Conferences<ref name=uncc /> serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts. == Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! Bliain ! Ainm ! Tír, cathair óstach ! Uachtarán ! Tír uachtaránachta ! Grúpa réigiúnach |- | 1995 | [[#1995|COP&nbsp;1]] | [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin | [[Angela Merkel]] | {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}} | [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]] |- |1996 |[[#1996|COP&nbsp;2]] |[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis |[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]] |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Grúpa na hAfraice]] |- |1997 |[[#1997|COP&nbsp;3]] |[[Kyoto]], Japan |[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]] |{{flag|Japan}} |[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |- |1998 |[[#1998|COP&nbsp;4]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[María Julia Alsogaray]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |1999 |[[#1999|COP&nbsp;5]] |[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin |[[Jan Szyszko]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2000 |[[#2000|COP&nbsp;6]] |[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír |[[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#2001|COP&nbsp;6-2]] |[[Bonn]], Germany | [[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#COP&nbsp;7|COP&nbsp;7]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2002 |[[#2002|COP&nbsp;8]] |[[New Delhi]], India |[[T. R. Baalu]] |{{flag|India}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2003 |[[#2003|COP&nbsp;9]] |[[Milan]], Italy |[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}</ref> |{{flag|Hungary}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2004 |[[#2004|COP&nbsp;10]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[Ginés González García]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2005 |[[#2005|COP&nbsp;11]] |[[Montréal]], Canada |[[Stéphane Dion]] |{{flag|Canada}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2006 |[[#2006|COP&nbsp;12]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |[[Kivutha Kibwana]] |{{flag|Kenya}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2007 |[[#2007|COP&nbsp;13]] |[[Bali]], Indonesia |[[Rachmat Witoelar]] |{{flag|Indonesia}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2008 |[[#2008|COP&nbsp;14]] |[[Poznań]], Poland |[[Maciej Nowicki]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2009 |[[#2009|COP&nbsp;15]] |[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark |[[Connie Hedegaard]] |{{flag|Denmark}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2010 |[[#2010|COP&nbsp;16]] |[[Cancún]], Mexico |[[Patricia Espinosa]] |{{flag|Mexico}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2011 |[[#2011|COP&nbsp;17]] |[[Durban]], South Africa |[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]] |{{flag|South Africa}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2012 |[[#2012|COP&nbsp;18]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]] |{{flag|Qatar}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2013 |[[#2013|COP&nbsp;19]] |[[Warsaw]], Poland |[[Marcin Korolec]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2014 |[[#2014|COP&nbsp;20]] |[[Líoma]], Peru |[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]] |{{flag|Peru}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2015 |[[#2015|COP&nbsp;21]] |[[Páras]], France |[[Laurent Fabius]] |{{flag|France}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2016 |[[#2016|COP&nbsp;22]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Salaheddine Mezouar]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2017 |[[#2017|COP&nbsp;23]] |[[Bonn]], Germany |[[Frank Bainimarama]]<ref name=unfccc2017 /> |{{flag|Fiji}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2018 |[[#2018|COP&nbsp;24]] |[[Katowice]], Poland |[[Michał Kurtyka]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2019 |[[#2019|COP&nbsp;25]] |[[Maidrid]], Spain |[[Carolina Schmidt]] |{{flag|Chile}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |<s>2020</s> |<s>COP 26</s> |<s>Glasgow, United Kingdom</s> |Postponed due to COVID |<s>United Kingdom</s> |<s>Western Europe and Other Group</s> |- | 2021 |[[#2021|COP&nbsp;26]] |[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom |[[Alok Sharma]] |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2022 |[[#2022|COP&nbsp;27]] |[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt |[[Sameh Shoukry]] |{{flag|Egypt}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2023 |[[#2023|COP&nbsp;28]] |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates |[[Sultan Al Jaber]] |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- | 2024 |[[#2024|COP&nbsp;29]] |[[Baku]], Azerbaijan |[[Mukhtar Babayev]], |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- | 2025 |[[#2025|COP&nbsp;30]] |[[Belém]], Brazil | [[André Corrêa do Lago]] |{{flag|Brazil}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- | 2026 |[[#2026|COP&nbsp;31]] |[[Antalya]], Turkey |[[Murat Kurum]] |{{flag|Turkey}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2027 |[[#2027|COP&nbsp;32]] |[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia |[[Gedion Timothewos]] <ref name=ethiopia>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}</ref> | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2028 | [[#2028|COP&nbsp;33]] | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |} <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}</ref> <ref name=uncc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=unfccc2017>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}</ref> == ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} == Praghsáil carbóin == [[Íomhá:Carbon taxes and emission trading worldwide.svg | mion | '' Trádáil astaíochtaí agus cánacha carbóin ar fud an domhain (2021) {{Legend | #009a3e | [[Carbon emission trading]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #323b90 | [[Cáin charbóin]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #fbba00 | Trádáil nó cáin faoi scrúdú}}]] Is modh é '''praghsáil carbóin''' (nó Praghsáil '''CO₂}} pricing''') chun [[maolú an athraithe aeráide|athrú aeráide a mhaolú]]. Cuirtear cáin ar [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] chun truaillitheoirí a spreagadh dóchán [[breosla iontaise]] a laghdú. De ghnáth, is [[cáin charbóin]] é an praghas, é sin nó scéim i ndáil le [[trádáil astaíochtaí]] (STA).<ref name=:0 /> Is í an fhadhb a a iarrann praghsáil carbóin a réiteach ná gur [[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] iad astaíochtaí [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO₂]] agus [[gás ceaptha teasa]] (GCT) eile. Táthar ar aon intinn go forleathan gur beartas cruinn é chun astaíochtaí dá leithéid a laghdú. Tá sásra um praghsáil carbóin ag réigiúin amhail is [[Ceanada]] agus an chuid is mó de thíortha Eorpacha. Sa bhliain 2021, thug an tSín sásra isteach.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank|2021|p=23}}</ref><ref name="China ETS2" /> Ar an láimh eile de, níl beartas phraghsáil carbóin ag truaillitheoirí amhail is [[an Ind]], [[an Rúis]], [[Stáit na Murascaille]] agus go leor stát sna SAM.<ref name=ieporg /> Bhí sásra praghsála ag [[an Astráil]] idir na blianta 2012 agus 2014. Faoin mbliain 2025, tá 28% de GCT domhanda cumhdaithe le praghsáil carbóin.<ref name=:2 /> Dar leis an b[[Painéal Idir-Rialtasach ar an Athrú Aeráide]], mbeadh de dhíth praghas an tonna méadrach CO₂ de $135–$5500 in 2030 agus $245–$13,000 in 2050 chun astaíochtaí carbóin a laghdú agus an ''[[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|teorainn 1.5°C]] a bhaint amach.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|p=374}}</ref> Tá go leor sásraí fós faoi bhun $10 an tonna, CO₂ an tSín ina measc.<ref name="China ETS" /> Ar an taobh eile, baineadh €100 an tonna CO₂ amach san [[córas trádála astaíochtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|Aontas Eorpach]] le linn mí na Feabhra 2023 (CTA-AE)<ref name=:1 /> De réir na samhlacha is déanaí, tá [[costas sóisialta carbóin]] ann le a $300 an tonna CO₂ mar thoradh laghduithe i rátaí fáis [[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]]; idir an dá linn, níl luach ach idir $50 agus $200 geallta ag moltaí beartais.<ref name="Kikstra 2021">{{harvnb|Kikstra|2021}}</ref>{{rp|2}} Is féidir le comhlachtaí a gcuid sásraí féin a chur i bhfeidhm,<ref name=:7 /> ag baint úsáide as trádáil astaíochtaí, seach-praghasanna, táillí carbóin, praghsanna intuigthe, srl.,<ref name=:02 /><ref name=:6 /> deimhnithe le méadraigh éagsúla.<ref name=:12 /> Tá taighde ar siúl maidir lena dtionchair ar astaíochtaí agus [[iomaíocht]].<ref name=:7 /><ref name=:9 /><ref name=:3 /><ref name=:5 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | teideal = What is Carbon Pricing? | url = https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311235027/https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | archive-date=March 11, 2021 | dátarochtana = 2021-03-14 | work = carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org | dáta = 9 Bealtaine 2017}}</ref> <ref name=:1>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Carbon Price Viewer | url = https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer | foilsitheoir = EMBER | dátarochtana = 2021-09-07 | archive-date=September 15, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915123457/https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:2>{{cite journal | date=2025 | title=State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 | url=https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43277|journal=The World Bank | language=en-US | doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-2255-1 | doi-broken-date=April 9, 2026 | hdl=10986/43277}}</ref> <ref name=:02>{{cite journal | last1=Gorbach | first1=O.G.| last2=Kost | first2=C.| last3=Pickett |first3=C. | date=2022 | title=Review of internal carbon pricing and the development of a decision process for the identification of promising Internal Pricing Methods for an Organisation | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032121010170 | journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | language=en | volume=154 | article-number=111745 | doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111745 | bibcode=2022RSERv.15411745G}}</ref> <ref name=:3>{{cite journal | last1=Desai | first1=Rajesh | last2=Raval | first2=Avani | last3=Thanki | first3=Shashank | date=2025 | title=Does internal carbon pricing moderate the firm value effects of carbon emission? A study of an emerging economy | url=https://www.emerald.com/jaar/article/26/5/1213/1251497/Does-internal-carbon-pricing-moderate-the-firm | journal=Journal of Applied Accounting Research | language=en | volume=26 | issue=5 | pages=1213–1236 | doi=10.1108/JAAR-07-2024-0248 | issn=0967-5426}}</ref> <ref name=:5>{{cite journal | last1=Qin | first1=Linxin | last2=Wang | first2=Zhan | last3=Pan | first3=Ane | date=2023-12-13 | title=How the implementation of internal carbon pricing impacts on carbon reduction: facilitating or hindering | url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research | language=en | doi=10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | pmid=38091215 | issn=1614-7499}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{cite journal | last=Harpankar | first=Kshama | date=2019 | title=Internal carbon pricing: rationale, promise and limitations | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178 | journal=Carbon Management | language=en | volume=10 | issue=2 | pages=219–225 | doi=10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178|bibcode=2019CarM...10..219H | issn=1758-3004}}</ref> <ref name=:7>{{cite journal | last1=Zhu | first1=Bangzhu | last2=Xu | first2=Chenxin | last3=Wang| first3=Ping | last4=Zhang | first4=Lin | date=2022 | title=How does internal carbon pricing affect corporate environmental performance? | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0148296322002028 | journal=Journal of Business Research | language=en | volume=145 | pages=65–77 | doi=10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.071}}</ref> <ref name=:9>{{Cite journal | last1=Ma | first1=Jialu | last2=Kuo | first2=Jeffrey | date=2021 | title=Environmental self-regulation for sustainable development: Can internal carbon pricing enhance financial performance? | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2817 | journal=Business Strategy and the Environment | language=en | volume=30 | issue=8 | pages=3517–3527 | doi=10.1002/bse.2817| bibcode=2021BSEnv..30.3517M | issn=0964-4733}}</ref> <ref name=:12>{{Cite journal | last1=Bento | first1=Nuno | last2=Gianfrate | first2=Gianfranco | date=2020 | title=Determinants of internal carbon pricing | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301421520302445 | journal=Energy Policy | language=en | volume=143 | article-number=111499 | doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111499 | bibcode=2020EnPol.14311499B | hdl=10071/20557}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS2">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm = Paul A.| last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021 | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins}}</ref> <ref name=ieporg>{{lua idirlín | teideal =State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2023 | url = http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102955/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-date=October 7, 2024 | dátarochtana = 2 Meitheamh 2023 | foilsitheoir = World Bank Group}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm =Paul A. | last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021}}</ref> }} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ lq8qexhtntqxoro9toh4d8sqirar9ic 1331841 1331840 2026-11-05T08:23:43Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Praghsáil carbóin */ 1331841 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] * [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] #* [[Tairif carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon pricing|Carbon pricing]]'' - [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' == <ref name=iate /> == Role of climate change conferences '' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources. '' The UN Climate Change Conferences<ref name=uncc /> serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts. == Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! Bliain ! Ainm ! Tír, cathair óstach ! Uachtarán ! Tír uachtaránachta ! Grúpa réigiúnach |- | 1995 | [[#1995|COP&nbsp;1]] | [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin | [[Angela Merkel]] | {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}} | [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]] |- |1996 |[[#1996|COP&nbsp;2]] |[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis |[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]] |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Grúpa na hAfraice]] |- |1997 |[[#1997|COP&nbsp;3]] |[[Kyoto]], Japan |[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]] |{{flag|Japan}} |[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |- |1998 |[[#1998|COP&nbsp;4]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[María Julia Alsogaray]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |1999 |[[#1999|COP&nbsp;5]] |[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin |[[Jan Szyszko]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2000 |[[#2000|COP&nbsp;6]] |[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír |[[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#2001|COP&nbsp;6-2]] |[[Bonn]], Germany | [[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#COP&nbsp;7|COP&nbsp;7]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2002 |[[#2002|COP&nbsp;8]] |[[New Delhi]], India |[[T. R. Baalu]] |{{flag|India}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2003 |[[#2003|COP&nbsp;9]] |[[Milan]], Italy |[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}</ref> |{{flag|Hungary}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2004 |[[#2004|COP&nbsp;10]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[Ginés González García]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2005 |[[#2005|COP&nbsp;11]] |[[Montréal]], Canada |[[Stéphane Dion]] |{{flag|Canada}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2006 |[[#2006|COP&nbsp;12]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |[[Kivutha Kibwana]] |{{flag|Kenya}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2007 |[[#2007|COP&nbsp;13]] |[[Bali]], Indonesia |[[Rachmat Witoelar]] |{{flag|Indonesia}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2008 |[[#2008|COP&nbsp;14]] |[[Poznań]], Poland |[[Maciej Nowicki]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2009 |[[#2009|COP&nbsp;15]] |[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark |[[Connie Hedegaard]] |{{flag|Denmark}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2010 |[[#2010|COP&nbsp;16]] |[[Cancún]], Mexico |[[Patricia Espinosa]] |{{flag|Mexico}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2011 |[[#2011|COP&nbsp;17]] |[[Durban]], South Africa |[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]] |{{flag|South Africa}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2012 |[[#2012|COP&nbsp;18]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]] |{{flag|Qatar}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2013 |[[#2013|COP&nbsp;19]] |[[Warsaw]], Poland |[[Marcin Korolec]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2014 |[[#2014|COP&nbsp;20]] |[[Líoma]], Peru |[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]] |{{flag|Peru}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2015 |[[#2015|COP&nbsp;21]] |[[Páras]], France |[[Laurent Fabius]] |{{flag|France}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2016 |[[#2016|COP&nbsp;22]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Salaheddine Mezouar]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2017 |[[#2017|COP&nbsp;23]] |[[Bonn]], Germany |[[Frank Bainimarama]]<ref name=unfccc2017 /> |{{flag|Fiji}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2018 |[[#2018|COP&nbsp;24]] |[[Katowice]], Poland |[[Michał Kurtyka]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2019 |[[#2019|COP&nbsp;25]] |[[Maidrid]], Spain |[[Carolina Schmidt]] |{{flag|Chile}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |<s>2020</s> |<s>COP 26</s> |<s>Glasgow, United Kingdom</s> |Postponed due to COVID |<s>United Kingdom</s> |<s>Western Europe and Other Group</s> |- | 2021 |[[#2021|COP&nbsp;26]] |[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom |[[Alok Sharma]] |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2022 |[[#2022|COP&nbsp;27]] |[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt |[[Sameh Shoukry]] |{{flag|Egypt}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2023 |[[#2023|COP&nbsp;28]] |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates |[[Sultan Al Jaber]] |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- | 2024 |[[#2024|COP&nbsp;29]] |[[Baku]], Azerbaijan |[[Mukhtar Babayev]], |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- | 2025 |[[#2025|COP&nbsp;30]] |[[Belém]], Brazil | [[André Corrêa do Lago]] |{{flag|Brazil}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- | 2026 |[[#2026|COP&nbsp;31]] |[[Antalya]], Turkey |[[Murat Kurum]] |{{flag|Turkey}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2027 |[[#2027|COP&nbsp;32]] |[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia |[[Gedion Timothewos]] <ref name=ethiopia>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}</ref> | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2028 | [[#2028|COP&nbsp;33]] | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |} <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}</ref> <ref name=uncc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=unfccc2017>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}</ref> == ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} == Praghsáil carbóin == [[Íomhá:Carbon taxes and emission trading worldwide.svg | mion | '' Trádáil astaíochtaí agus cánacha carbóin ar fud an domhain (2021) {{Legend | #009a3e | [[Carbon emission trading]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #323b90 | [[Cáin charbóin]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #fbba00 | Trádáil nó cáin faoi scrúdú}}]] Is modh é '''praghsáil carbóin''' (nó Praghsáil '''CO₂}} pricing''') chun [[maolú an athraithe aeráide|athrú aeráide a mhaolú]]. Cuirtear cáin ar [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] chun truaillitheoirí a spreagadh dóchán [[breosla iontaise]] a laghdú. De ghnáth, is [[cáin charbóin]] é an praghas, é sin nó scéim i ndáil le [[trádáil astaíochtaí]] (STA).<ref name=:0 /> Is í an fhadhb a a iarrann praghsáil carbóin a réiteach ná gur [[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] iad astaíochtaí [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO₂]] agus [[gás ceaptha teasa]] (GCT) eile. Táthar ar aon intinn go forleathan gur beartas cruinn é chun astaíochtaí dá leithéid a laghdú. Tá sásra um praghsáil carbóin ag réigiúin amhail is [[Ceanada]] agus an chuid is mó de thíortha Eorpacha. Sa bhliain 2021, thug an tSín sásra isteach.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank|2021|p=23}}</ref><ref name="China ETS2" /> Ar an láimh eile de, níl beartas phraghsáil carbóin ag truaillitheoirí amhail is [[an Ind]], [[an Rúis]], [[Stáit na Murascaille]] agus go leor stát sna SAM.<ref name=ieporg /> Bhí sásra praghsála ag [[an Astráil]] idir na blianta 2012 agus 2014. Faoin mbliain 2025, tá 28% de GCT domhanda cumhdaithe le praghsáil carbóin.<ref name=:2 /> Dar leis an b[[Painéal Idir-Rialtasach ar an Athrú Aeráide]], mbeadh de dhíth praghas an tonna méadrach CO₂ de $135–$5500 in 2030 agus $245–$13,000 in 2050 chun astaíochtaí carbóin a laghdú agus an [[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|teorainn 1.5°C]] a bhaint amach.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|p=374}}</ref> Tá go leor sásraí fós faoi bhun $10 an tonna, CO₂ an tSín ina measc.<ref name="China ETS" /> Ar an taobh eile, baineadh €100 an tonna CO₂ amach san [[Córas Trádála Astaíochtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|Aontas Eorpach]] le linn mí na Feabhra 2023 (CTA-AE)<ref name=:1 /> De réir na samhlacha is déanaí, tá [[costas sóisialta carbóin]] ann le a $300 an tonna CO₂ mar thoradh laghduithe i rátaí fáis [[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]]; idir an dá linn, níl luach ach idir $50 agus $200 geallta ag moltaí beartais.<ref name="Kikstra 2021">{{harvnb|Kikstra|2021}}</ref>{{rp|2}} Is féidir le comhlachtaí a gcuid sásraí féin a chur i bhfeidhm,<ref name=:7 /> ag baint úsáide as trádáil astaíochtaí, seach-praghasanna, táillí carbóin, praghsanna intuigthe, srl.,<ref name=:02 /><ref name=:6 /> deimhnithe le méadraigh éagsúla.<ref name=:12 /> Tá taighde ar siúl maidir lena dtionchair ar astaíochtaí agus [[iomaíocht]].<ref name=:7 /><ref name=:9 /><ref name=:3 /><ref name=:5 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | teideal = What is Carbon Pricing? | url = https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311235027/https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | archive-date=March 11, 2021 | dátarochtana = 2021-03-14 | work = carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org | dáta = 9 Bealtaine 2017}}</ref> <ref name=:1>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Carbon Price Viewer | url = https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer | foilsitheoir = EMBER | dátarochtana = 2021-09-07 | archive-date=September 15, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915123457/https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:2>{{cite journal | date=2025 | title=State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 | url=https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43277|journal=The World Bank | language=en-US | doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-2255-1 | doi-broken-date=April 9, 2026 | hdl=10986/43277}}</ref> <ref name=:02>{{cite journal | last1=Gorbach | first1=O.G.| last2=Kost | first2=C.| last3=Pickett |first3=C. | date=2022 | title=Review of internal carbon pricing and the development of a decision process for the identification of promising Internal Pricing Methods for an Organisation | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032121010170 | journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | language=en | volume=154 | article-number=111745 | doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111745 | bibcode=2022RSERv.15411745G}}</ref> <ref name=:3>{{cite journal | last1=Desai | first1=Rajesh | last2=Raval | first2=Avani | last3=Thanki | first3=Shashank | date=2025 | title=Does internal carbon pricing moderate the firm value effects of carbon emission? A study of an emerging economy | url=https://www.emerald.com/jaar/article/26/5/1213/1251497/Does-internal-carbon-pricing-moderate-the-firm | journal=Journal of Applied Accounting Research | language=en | volume=26 | issue=5 | pages=1213–1236 | doi=10.1108/JAAR-07-2024-0248 | issn=0967-5426}}</ref> <ref name=:5>{{cite journal | last1=Qin | first1=Linxin | last2=Wang | first2=Zhan | last3=Pan | first3=Ane | date=2023-12-13 | title=How the implementation of internal carbon pricing impacts on carbon reduction: facilitating or hindering | url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research | language=en | doi=10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | pmid=38091215 | issn=1614-7499}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{cite journal | last=Harpankar | first=Kshama | date=2019 | title=Internal carbon pricing: rationale, promise and limitations | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178 | journal=Carbon Management | language=en | volume=10 | issue=2 | pages=219–225 | doi=10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178|bibcode=2019CarM...10..219H | issn=1758-3004}}</ref> <ref name=:7>{{cite journal | last1=Zhu | first1=Bangzhu | last2=Xu | first2=Chenxin | last3=Wang| first3=Ping | last4=Zhang | first4=Lin | date=2022 | title=How does internal carbon pricing affect corporate environmental performance? | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0148296322002028 | journal=Journal of Business Research | language=en | volume=145 | pages=65–77 | doi=10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.071}}</ref> <ref name=:9>{{Cite journal | last1=Ma | first1=Jialu | last2=Kuo | first2=Jeffrey | date=2021 | title=Environmental self-regulation for sustainable development: Can internal carbon pricing enhance financial performance? | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2817 | journal=Business Strategy and the Environment | language=en | volume=30 | issue=8 | pages=3517–3527 | doi=10.1002/bse.2817| bibcode=2021BSEnv..30.3517M | issn=0964-4733}}</ref> <ref name=:12>{{Cite journal | last1=Bento | first1=Nuno | last2=Gianfrate | first2=Gianfranco | date=2020 | title=Determinants of internal carbon pricing | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301421520302445 | journal=Energy Policy | language=en | volume=143 | article-number=111499 | doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111499 | bibcode=2020EnPol.14311499B | hdl=10071/20557}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS2">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm = Paul A.| last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021 | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins}}</ref> <ref name=ieporg>{{lua idirlín | teideal =State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2023 | url = http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102955/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-date=October 7, 2024 | dátarochtana = 2 Meitheamh 2023 | foilsitheoir = World Bank Group}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm =Paul A. | last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021}}</ref> }} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 8lzoiqx3z1u1xbo3pve7zixhtqngu0o 1331842 1331841 2026-11-05T08:25:04Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Praghsáil carbóin */ 1331842 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] * [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] #* [[Tairif carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon pricing|Carbon pricing]]'' - [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' == <ref name=iate /> == Role of climate change conferences '' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources. '' The UN Climate Change Conferences<ref name=uncc /> serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts. == Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! Bliain ! Ainm ! Tír, cathair óstach ! Uachtarán ! Tír uachtaránachta ! Grúpa réigiúnach |- | 1995 | [[#1995|COP&nbsp;1]] | [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin | [[Angela Merkel]] | {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}} | [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]] |- |1996 |[[#1996|COP&nbsp;2]] |[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis |[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]] |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Grúpa na hAfraice]] |- |1997 |[[#1997|COP&nbsp;3]] |[[Kyoto]], Japan |[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]] |{{flag|Japan}} |[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |- |1998 |[[#1998|COP&nbsp;4]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[María Julia Alsogaray]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |1999 |[[#1999|COP&nbsp;5]] |[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin |[[Jan Szyszko]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2000 |[[#2000|COP&nbsp;6]] |[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír |[[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#2001|COP&nbsp;6-2]] |[[Bonn]], Germany | [[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#COP&nbsp;7|COP&nbsp;7]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2002 |[[#2002|COP&nbsp;8]] |[[New Delhi]], India |[[T. R. Baalu]] |{{flag|India}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2003 |[[#2003|COP&nbsp;9]] |[[Milan]], Italy |[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}</ref> |{{flag|Hungary}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2004 |[[#2004|COP&nbsp;10]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[Ginés González García]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2005 |[[#2005|COP&nbsp;11]] |[[Montréal]], Canada |[[Stéphane Dion]] |{{flag|Canada}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2006 |[[#2006|COP&nbsp;12]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |[[Kivutha Kibwana]] |{{flag|Kenya}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2007 |[[#2007|COP&nbsp;13]] |[[Bali]], Indonesia |[[Rachmat Witoelar]] |{{flag|Indonesia}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2008 |[[#2008|COP&nbsp;14]] |[[Poznań]], Poland |[[Maciej Nowicki]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2009 |[[#2009|COP&nbsp;15]] |[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark |[[Connie Hedegaard]] |{{flag|Denmark}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2010 |[[#2010|COP&nbsp;16]] |[[Cancún]], Mexico |[[Patricia Espinosa]] |{{flag|Mexico}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2011 |[[#2011|COP&nbsp;17]] |[[Durban]], South Africa |[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]] |{{flag|South Africa}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2012 |[[#2012|COP&nbsp;18]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]] |{{flag|Qatar}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2013 |[[#2013|COP&nbsp;19]] |[[Warsaw]], Poland |[[Marcin Korolec]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2014 |[[#2014|COP&nbsp;20]] |[[Líoma]], Peru |[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]] |{{flag|Peru}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2015 |[[#2015|COP&nbsp;21]] |[[Páras]], France |[[Laurent Fabius]] |{{flag|France}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2016 |[[#2016|COP&nbsp;22]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Salaheddine Mezouar]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2017 |[[#2017|COP&nbsp;23]] |[[Bonn]], Germany |[[Frank Bainimarama]]<ref name=unfccc2017 /> |{{flag|Fiji}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2018 |[[#2018|COP&nbsp;24]] |[[Katowice]], Poland |[[Michał Kurtyka]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2019 |[[#2019|COP&nbsp;25]] |[[Maidrid]], Spain |[[Carolina Schmidt]] |{{flag|Chile}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |<s>2020</s> |<s>COP 26</s> |<s>Glasgow, United Kingdom</s> |Postponed due to COVID |<s>United Kingdom</s> |<s>Western Europe and Other Group</s> |- | 2021 |[[#2021|COP&nbsp;26]] |[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom |[[Alok Sharma]] |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2022 |[[#2022|COP&nbsp;27]] |[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt |[[Sameh Shoukry]] |{{flag|Egypt}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2023 |[[#2023|COP&nbsp;28]] |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates |[[Sultan Al Jaber]] |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- | 2024 |[[#2024|COP&nbsp;29]] |[[Baku]], Azerbaijan |[[Mukhtar Babayev]], |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- | 2025 |[[#2025|COP&nbsp;30]] |[[Belém]], Brazil | [[André Corrêa do Lago]] |{{flag|Brazil}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- | 2026 |[[#2026|COP&nbsp;31]] |[[Antalya]], Turkey |[[Murat Kurum]] |{{flag|Turkey}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2027 |[[#2027|COP&nbsp;32]] |[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia |[[Gedion Timothewos]] <ref name=ethiopia>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}</ref> | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2028 | [[#2028|COP&nbsp;33]] | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |} <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}</ref> <ref name=uncc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=unfccc2017>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}</ref> == ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} == Praghsáil carbóin == [[Íomhá:Carbon taxes and emission trading worldwide.svg | mion | '' Trádáil astaíochtaí agus cánacha carbóin ar fud an domhain (2021) {{Legend | #009a3e | [[Carbon emission trading]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #323b90 | [[Cáin charbóin]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #fbba00 | Trádáil nó cáin faoi scrúdú}}]] Is modh é '''praghsáil carbóin''' (nó Praghsáil '''CO₂}} pricing''') chun [[maolú an athraithe aeráide|athrú aeráide a mhaolú]]. Cuirtear cáin ar [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] chun truaillitheoirí a spreagadh dóchán [[breosla iontaise]] a laghdú. De ghnáth, is [[cáin charbóin]] é an praghas, é sin nó scéim i ndáil le [[trádáil astaíochtaí]] (STA).<ref name=:0 /> Is í an fhadhb a a iarrann praghsáil carbóin a réiteach ná gur [[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] iad astaíochtaí [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO₂]] agus [[gás ceaptha teasa]] (GCT) eile. Táthar ar aon intinn go forleathan gur beartas cruinn é chun astaíochtaí dá leithéid a laghdú. Tá sásra um praghsáil carbóin ag réigiúin amhail is [[Ceanada]] agus an chuid is mó de thíortha Eorpacha. Sa bhliain 2021, thug an tSín sásra isteach.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank|2021|p=23}}</ref><ref name="China ETS2" /> Ar an láimh eile de, níl beartas phraghsáil carbóin ag truaillitheoirí amhail is [[an Ind]], [[an Rúis]], [[Stáit na Murascaille]] agus go leor stát sna SAM.<ref name=ieporg /> Bhí sásra praghsála ag [[an Astráil]] idir na blianta 2012 agus 2014. Faoin mbliain 2025, tá 28% de GCT domhanda clúdaithe le praghsáil carbóin.<ref name=:2 /> Dar leis an b[[Painéal Idir-Rialtasach ar an Athrú Aeráide]], mbeadh de dhíth praghas an tonna méadrach CO₂ de $135–$5500 in 2030 agus $245–$13,000 in 2050 chun astaíochtaí carbóin a laghdú agus an [[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|teorainn 1.5°C]] a bhaint amach.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|p=374}}</ref> Tá go leor sásraí fós faoi bhun $10 an tonna, CO₂ an tSín ina measc.<ref name="China ETS" /> Ar an taobh eile, baineadh €100 an tonna CO₂ amach san [[Córas Trádála Astaíochtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|Aontas Eorpach]] le linn mí na Feabhra 2023 (CTA-AE)<ref name=:1 /> De réir na samhlacha is déanaí, tá [[costas sóisialta carbóin]] ann le a $300 an tonna CO₂ mar thoradh laghduithe i rátaí fáis [[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]]; idir an dá linn, níl luach ach idir $50 agus $200 geallta ag moltaí beartais.<ref name="Kikstra 2021">{{harvnb|Kikstra|2021}}</ref>{{rp|2}} Is féidir le comhlachtaí a gcuid sásraí féin a chur i bhfeidhm,<ref name=:7 /> ag baint úsáide as trádáil astaíochtaí, seach-praghasanna, táillí carbóin, praghsanna intuigthe, srl.,<ref name=:02 /><ref name=:6 /> deimhnithe le méadraigh éagsúla.<ref name=:12 /> Tá taighde ar siúl maidir lena dtionchair ar astaíochtaí agus [[iomaíocht]].<ref name=:7 /><ref name=:9 /><ref name=:3 /><ref name=:5 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | teideal = What is Carbon Pricing? | url = https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311235027/https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | archive-date=March 11, 2021 | dátarochtana = 2021-03-14 | work = carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org | dáta = 9 Bealtaine 2017}}</ref> <ref name=:1>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Carbon Price Viewer | url = https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer | foilsitheoir = EMBER | dátarochtana = 2021-09-07 | archive-date=September 15, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915123457/https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:2>{{cite journal | date=2025 | title=State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 | url=https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43277|journal=The World Bank | language=en-US | doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-2255-1 | doi-broken-date=April 9, 2026 | hdl=10986/43277}}</ref> <ref name=:02>{{cite journal | last1=Gorbach | first1=O.G.| last2=Kost | first2=C.| last3=Pickett |first3=C. | date=2022 | title=Review of internal carbon pricing and the development of a decision process for the identification of promising Internal Pricing Methods for an Organisation | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032121010170 | journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | language=en | volume=154 | article-number=111745 | doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111745 | bibcode=2022RSERv.15411745G}}</ref> <ref name=:3>{{cite journal | last1=Desai | first1=Rajesh | last2=Raval | first2=Avani | last3=Thanki | first3=Shashank | date=2025 | title=Does internal carbon pricing moderate the firm value effects of carbon emission? A study of an emerging economy | url=https://www.emerald.com/jaar/article/26/5/1213/1251497/Does-internal-carbon-pricing-moderate-the-firm | journal=Journal of Applied Accounting Research | language=en | volume=26 | issue=5 | pages=1213–1236 | doi=10.1108/JAAR-07-2024-0248 | issn=0967-5426}}</ref> <ref name=:5>{{cite journal | last1=Qin | first1=Linxin | last2=Wang | first2=Zhan | last3=Pan | first3=Ane | date=2023-12-13 | title=How the implementation of internal carbon pricing impacts on carbon reduction: facilitating or hindering | url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research | language=en | doi=10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | pmid=38091215 | issn=1614-7499}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{cite journal | last=Harpankar | first=Kshama | date=2019 | title=Internal carbon pricing: rationale, promise and limitations | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178 | journal=Carbon Management | language=en | volume=10 | issue=2 | pages=219–225 | doi=10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178|bibcode=2019CarM...10..219H | issn=1758-3004}}</ref> <ref name=:7>{{cite journal | last1=Zhu | first1=Bangzhu | last2=Xu | first2=Chenxin | last3=Wang| first3=Ping | last4=Zhang | first4=Lin | date=2022 | title=How does internal carbon pricing affect corporate environmental performance? | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0148296322002028 | journal=Journal of Business Research | language=en | volume=145 | pages=65–77 | doi=10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.071}}</ref> <ref name=:9>{{Cite journal | last1=Ma | first1=Jialu | last2=Kuo | first2=Jeffrey | date=2021 | title=Environmental self-regulation for sustainable development: Can internal carbon pricing enhance financial performance? | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2817 | journal=Business Strategy and the Environment | language=en | volume=30 | issue=8 | pages=3517–3527 | doi=10.1002/bse.2817| bibcode=2021BSEnv..30.3517M | issn=0964-4733}}</ref> <ref name=:12>{{Cite journal | last1=Bento | first1=Nuno | last2=Gianfrate | first2=Gianfranco | date=2020 | title=Determinants of internal carbon pricing | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301421520302445 | journal=Energy Policy | language=en | volume=143 | article-number=111499 | doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111499 | bibcode=2020EnPol.14311499B | hdl=10071/20557}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS2">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm = Paul A.| last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021 | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins}}</ref> <ref name=ieporg>{{lua idirlín | teideal =State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2023 | url = http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102955/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-date=October 7, 2024 | dátarochtana = 2 Meitheamh 2023 | foilsitheoir = World Bank Group}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm =Paul A. | last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021}}</ref> }} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 52f6795yg7v7jk96y9n8pdrnddn7w0z 1331843 1331842 2026-11-05T08:25:37Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1331843 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] * [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] #* [[Tairif carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon pricing|Carbon pricing]]'' - [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' == <ref name=iate /> == Role of climate change conferences '' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources. '' The UN Climate Change Conferences<ref name=uncc /> serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts. == Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! Bliain ! Ainm ! Tír, cathair óstach ! Uachtarán ! Tír uachtaránachta ! Grúpa réigiúnach |- | 1995 | [[#1995|COP&nbsp;1]] | [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin | [[Angela Merkel]] | {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}} | [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]] |- |1996 |[[#1996|COP&nbsp;2]] |[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis |[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]] |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Grúpa na hAfraice]] |- |1997 |[[#1997|COP&nbsp;3]] |[[Kyoto]], Japan |[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]] |{{flag|Japan}} |[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |- |1998 |[[#1998|COP&nbsp;4]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[María Julia Alsogaray]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |1999 |[[#1999|COP&nbsp;5]] |[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin |[[Jan Szyszko]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2000 |[[#2000|COP&nbsp;6]] |[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír |[[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#2001|COP&nbsp;6-2]] |[[Bonn]], Germany | [[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#COP&nbsp;7|COP&nbsp;7]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2002 |[[#2002|COP&nbsp;8]] |[[New Delhi]], India |[[T. R. Baalu]] |{{flag|India}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2003 |[[#2003|COP&nbsp;9]] |[[Milan]], Italy |[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}</ref> |{{flag|Hungary}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2004 |[[#2004|COP&nbsp;10]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[Ginés González García]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2005 |[[#2005|COP&nbsp;11]] |[[Montréal]], Canada |[[Stéphane Dion]] |{{flag|Canada}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2006 |[[#2006|COP&nbsp;12]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |[[Kivutha Kibwana]] |{{flag|Kenya}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2007 |[[#2007|COP&nbsp;13]] |[[Bali]], Indonesia |[[Rachmat Witoelar]] |{{flag|Indonesia}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2008 |[[#2008|COP&nbsp;14]] |[[Poznań]], Poland |[[Maciej Nowicki]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2009 |[[#2009|COP&nbsp;15]] |[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark |[[Connie Hedegaard]] |{{flag|Denmark}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2010 |[[#2010|COP&nbsp;16]] |[[Cancún]], Mexico |[[Patricia Espinosa]] |{{flag|Mexico}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2011 |[[#2011|COP&nbsp;17]] |[[Durban]], South Africa |[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]] |{{flag|South Africa}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2012 |[[#2012|COP&nbsp;18]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]] |{{flag|Qatar}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2013 |[[#2013|COP&nbsp;19]] |[[Warsaw]], Poland |[[Marcin Korolec]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2014 |[[#2014|COP&nbsp;20]] |[[Líoma]], Peru |[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]] |{{flag|Peru}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2015 |[[#2015|COP&nbsp;21]] |[[Páras]], France |[[Laurent Fabius]] |{{flag|France}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2016 |[[#2016|COP&nbsp;22]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Salaheddine Mezouar]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2017 |[[#2017|COP&nbsp;23]] |[[Bonn]], Germany |[[Frank Bainimarama]]<ref name=unfccc2017 /> |{{flag|Fiji}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2018 |[[#2018|COP&nbsp;24]] |[[Katowice]], Poland |[[Michał Kurtyka]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2019 |[[#2019|COP&nbsp;25]] |[[Maidrid]], Spain |[[Carolina Schmidt]] |{{flag|Chile}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |<s>2020</s> |<s>COP 26</s> |<s>Glasgow, United Kingdom</s> |Postponed due to COVID |<s>United Kingdom</s> |<s>Western Europe and Other Group</s> |- | 2021 |[[#2021|COP&nbsp;26]] |[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom |[[Alok Sharma]] |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2022 |[[#2022|COP&nbsp;27]] |[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt |[[Sameh Shoukry]] |{{flag|Egypt}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2023 |[[#2023|COP&nbsp;28]] |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates |[[Sultan Al Jaber]] |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- | 2024 |[[#2024|COP&nbsp;29]] |[[Baku]], Azerbaijan |[[Mukhtar Babayev]], |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- | 2025 |[[#2025|COP&nbsp;30]] |[[Belém]], Brazil | [[André Corrêa do Lago]] |{{flag|Brazil}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- | 2026 |[[#2026|COP&nbsp;31]] |[[Antalya]], Turkey |[[Murat Kurum]] |{{flag|Turkey}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2027 |[[#2027|COP&nbsp;32]] |[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia |[[Gedion Timothewos]] <ref name=ethiopia>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}</ref> | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2028 | [[#2028|COP&nbsp;33]] | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |} <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}</ref> <ref name=uncc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=unfccc2017>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}</ref> == ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ l9let6y70db3wuvxnpkwcsg4z34l7j6 1331846 1331843 2026-11-05T08:31:12Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar */ 1331846 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] * [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] #* [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' == <ref name=iate /> == Role of climate change conferences '' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources. '' The UN Climate Change Conferences<ref name=uncc /> serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts. == Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! Bliain ! Ainm ! Tír, cathair óstach ! Uachtarán ! Tír uachtaránachta ! Grúpa réigiúnach |- | 1995 | [[#1995|COP&nbsp;1]] | [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin | [[Angela Merkel]] | {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}} | [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]] |- |1996 |[[#1996|COP&nbsp;2]] |[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis |[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]] |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Grúpa na hAfraice]] |- |1997 |[[#1997|COP&nbsp;3]] |[[Kyoto]], Japan |[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]] |{{flag|Japan}} |[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |- |1998 |[[#1998|COP&nbsp;4]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[María Julia Alsogaray]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |1999 |[[#1999|COP&nbsp;5]] |[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin |[[Jan Szyszko]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2000 |[[#2000|COP&nbsp;6]] |[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír |[[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#2001|COP&nbsp;6-2]] |[[Bonn]], Germany | [[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#COP&nbsp;7|COP&nbsp;7]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2002 |[[#2002|COP&nbsp;8]] |[[New Delhi]], India |[[T. R. Baalu]] |{{flag|India}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2003 |[[#2003|COP&nbsp;9]] |[[Milan]], Italy |[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}</ref> |{{flag|Hungary}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2004 |[[#2004|COP&nbsp;10]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[Ginés González García]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2005 |[[#2005|COP&nbsp;11]] |[[Montréal]], Canada |[[Stéphane Dion]] |{{flag|Canada}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2006 |[[#2006|COP&nbsp;12]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |[[Kivutha Kibwana]] |{{flag|Kenya}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2007 |[[#2007|COP&nbsp;13]] |[[Bali]], Indonesia |[[Rachmat Witoelar]] |{{flag|Indonesia}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2008 |[[#2008|COP&nbsp;14]] |[[Poznań]], Poland |[[Maciej Nowicki]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2009 |[[#2009|COP&nbsp;15]] |[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark |[[Connie Hedegaard]] |{{flag|Denmark}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2010 |[[#2010|COP&nbsp;16]] |[[Cancún]], Mexico |[[Patricia Espinosa]] |{{flag|Mexico}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2011 |[[#2011|COP&nbsp;17]] |[[Durban]], South Africa |[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]] |{{flag|South Africa}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2012 |[[#2012|COP&nbsp;18]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]] |{{flag|Qatar}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2013 |[[#2013|COP&nbsp;19]] |[[Warsaw]], Poland |[[Marcin Korolec]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2014 |[[#2014|COP&nbsp;20]] |[[Líoma]], Peru |[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]] |{{flag|Peru}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2015 |[[#2015|COP&nbsp;21]] |[[Páras]], France |[[Laurent Fabius]] |{{flag|France}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2016 |[[#2016|COP&nbsp;22]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Salaheddine Mezouar]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2017 |[[#2017|COP&nbsp;23]] |[[Bonn]], Germany |[[Frank Bainimarama]]<ref name=unfccc2017 /> |{{flag|Fiji}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2018 |[[#2018|COP&nbsp;24]] |[[Katowice]], Poland |[[Michał Kurtyka]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2019 |[[#2019|COP&nbsp;25]] |[[Maidrid]], Spain |[[Carolina Schmidt]] |{{flag|Chile}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |<s>2020</s> |<s>COP 26</s> |<s>Glasgow, United Kingdom</s> |Postponed due to COVID |<s>United Kingdom</s> |<s>Western Europe and Other Group</s> |- | 2021 |[[#2021|COP&nbsp;26]] |[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom |[[Alok Sharma]] |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2022 |[[#2022|COP&nbsp;27]] |[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt |[[Sameh Shoukry]] |{{flag|Egypt}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2023 |[[#2023|COP&nbsp;28]] |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates |[[Sultan Al Jaber]] |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- | 2024 |[[#2024|COP&nbsp;29]] |[[Baku]], Azerbaijan |[[Mukhtar Babayev]], |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- | 2025 |[[#2025|COP&nbsp;30]] |[[Belém]], Brazil | [[André Corrêa do Lago]] |{{flag|Brazil}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- | 2026 |[[#2026|COP&nbsp;31]] |[[Antalya]], Turkey |[[Murat Kurum]] |{{flag|Turkey}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2027 |[[#2027|COP&nbsp;32]] |[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia |[[Gedion Timothewos]] <ref name=ethiopia>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}</ref> | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2028 | [[#2028|COP&nbsp;33]] | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |} <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}</ref> <ref name=uncc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=unfccc2017>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}</ref> == ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ nssqlom1xbs97m5z1w3sszjzw2lss0p 1331847 1331846 2026-11-05T08:38:23Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh */ 1331847 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] * [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] #* [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' == <ref name=iate /> == Role of climate change conferences '' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources. '' The UN Climate Change Conferences<ref name=uncc /> serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts. == Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! Bliain ! Ainm ! Tír, cathair óstach ! Uachtarán ! Tír uachtaránachta ! Grúpa réigiúnach |- | 1995 | [[#1995|COP&nbsp;1]] | [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin | [[Angela Merkel]] | {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}} | [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]] |- |1996 |[[#1996|COP&nbsp;2]] |[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis |[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]] |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Grúpa na hAfraice]] |- |1997 |[[#1997|COP&nbsp;3]] |[[Kyoto]], Japan |[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]] |{{flag|Japan}} |[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |- |1998 |[[#1998|COP&nbsp;4]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[María Julia Alsogaray]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |1999 |[[#1999|COP&nbsp;5]] |[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin |[[Jan Szyszko]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2000 |[[#2000|COP&nbsp;6]] |[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír |[[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#2001|COP&nbsp;6-2]] |[[Bonn]], Germany | [[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#COP&nbsp;7|COP&nbsp;7]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2002 |[[#2002|COP&nbsp;8]] |[[New Delhi]], India |[[T. R. Baalu]] |{{flag|India}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2003 |[[#2003|COP&nbsp;9]] |[[Milan]], Italy |[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}</ref> |{{flag|Hungary}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2004 |[[#2004|COP&nbsp;10]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[Ginés González García]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2005 |[[#2005|COP&nbsp;11]] |[[Montréal]], Canada |[[Stéphane Dion]] |{{flag|Canada}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2006 |[[#2006|COP&nbsp;12]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |[[Kivutha Kibwana]] |{{flag|Kenya}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2007 |[[#2007|COP&nbsp;13]] |[[Bali]], Indonesia |[[Rachmat Witoelar]] |{{flag|Indonesia}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2008 |[[#2008|COP&nbsp;14]] |[[Poznań]], Poland |[[Maciej Nowicki]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2009 |[[#2009|COP&nbsp;15]] |[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark |[[Connie Hedegaard]] |{{flag|Denmark}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2010 |[[#2010|COP&nbsp;16]] |[[Cancún]], Mexico |[[Patricia Espinosa]] |{{flag|Mexico}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2011 |[[#2011|COP&nbsp;17]] |[[Durban]], South Africa |[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]] |{{flag|South Africa}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2012 |[[#2012|COP&nbsp;18]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]] |{{flag|Qatar}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2013 |[[#2013|COP&nbsp;19]] |[[Warsaw]], Poland |[[Marcin Korolec]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2014 |[[#2014|COP&nbsp;20]] |[[Líoma]], Peru |[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]] |{{flag|Peru}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2015 |[[#2015|COP&nbsp;21]] |[[Páras]], France |[[Laurent Fabius]] |{{flag|France}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2016 |[[#2016|COP&nbsp;22]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Salaheddine Mezouar]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2017 |[[#2017|COP&nbsp;23]] |[[Bonn]], Germany |[[Frank Bainimarama]]<ref name=unfccc2017 /> |{{flag|Fiji}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2018 |[[#2018|COP&nbsp;24]] |[[Katowice]], Poland |[[Michał Kurtyka]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2019 |[[#2019|COP&nbsp;25]] |[[Maidrid]], Spain |[[Carolina Schmidt]] |{{flag|Chile}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |<s>2020</s> |<s>COP 26</s> |<s>Glasgow, United Kingdom</s> |Postponed due to COVID |<s>United Kingdom</s> |<s>Western Europe and Other Group</s> |- | 2021 |[[#2021|COP&nbsp;26]] |[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom |[[Alok Sharma]] |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2022 |[[#2022|COP&nbsp;27]] |[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt |[[Sameh Shoukry]] |{{flag|Egypt}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2023 |[[#2023|COP&nbsp;28]] |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates |[[Sultan Al Jaber]] |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- | 2024 |[[#2024|COP&nbsp;29]] |[[Baku]], Azerbaijan |[[Mukhtar Babayev]], |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- | 2025 |[[#2025|COP&nbsp;30]] |[[Belém]], Brazil | [[André Corrêa do Lago]] |{{flag|Brazil}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- | 2026 |[[#2026|COP&nbsp;31]] |[[Antalya]], Turkey |[[Murat Kurum]] |{{flag|Turkey}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2027 |[[#2027|COP&nbsp;32]] |[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia |[[Gedion Timothewos]] <ref name=ethiopia>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}</ref> | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2028 | [[#2028|COP&nbsp;33]] | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |} <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}</ref> <ref name=uncc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=unfccc2017>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}</ref> == ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise == |start = 2021 |list = Template:OWID/fossil fuel subsidies per capita#gallery |location = commons |caption = |title = |language = |file = [[File:fossil fuel subsidies per capita, World, 2021 (cropped).svg|link=|thumb|upright=1.5|Fossil fuel subsidies per capita]] |startingView = World |start = 2021 |list = Template:OWID/fossil fuel subsidies gdp#gallery |location = commons |caption = |title = |language = |file = [[File:fossil fuel subsidies gdp, World, 2021 (cropped).svg|link=|thumb|upright=1.5|Fossil fuel subsidies as share of GDP]] |startingView = World '' '''Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise''' are [[Energy subsidy|energy subsidies]] on [[Fossil fuel|fossil fuels]]. Under a narrow definition, fossil fuel subsidies totalled around $725 billion (0.6% of global [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]) <ref name=:0>{{Cite web |title=Underpriced and Overused: Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data 2025 Update |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2025/12/20/underpriced-and-overused-fossil-fuel-subsidies-data-2025-update-572729 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=IMF |language=en}}</ref> to $900 billion in 2024. <ref name=:1>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-19 |title=Government support for fossil fuels remains high despite a 10% decline from 2023 to 2024 |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/announcements/2025/12/government-support-for-fossil-fuels-remains-high-despite-a-10-decline.html |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=www.oecd.org |language=en}}</ref> Under a more expansive definition, they totalled $6.7 trillion (5.8% of GDP).<ref name=":0" /> Most subsidy is for [[Petroleum|oil]] and [[natural gas]].<ref name=":1" /> Subsidies are mainly on [[Consumption (economics)|consumption]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fossil Fuel Subsidies Explained: Concepts and trends {{!}} International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/articles/explainer/fossil-fuel-subsidies-explained-concepts-trends |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.iisd.org |language=en}}</ref> such as a lower [[sales tax]] on natural gas for [[Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning|residential heating]]; or [[Subsidy|subsidies]] on [[Production (economics)|production]], such as [[Tax break|tax breaks]] on [[Hydrocarbon exploration|exploration for oil]]; or they may be free or cheap [[Negative Externalities|negative externalities]]; such as [[air pollution]] or [[climate change]] due to burning [[gasoline]], [[Diesel fuel|diesel]] and [[jet fuel]]. Some fossil fuel subsidies are via [[electricity generation]], such as subsidies for [[Coal-fired power station|coal-fired power stations]]. '' Eliminating fossil fuel subsidies would reduce the [[health risks of air pollution]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Environmental Externalities due to Energy Price Subsidies: A Focus on Air Pollution and Health |url=https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/677081531112268818/pdf/ESRAF-note-8-Local-Environmental-Externalities-due-to-Energy-Price-Subsidies-A-Focus-on-Air-Pollution-and-Health.pdf |website=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> and would greatly reduce global [[carbon emissions]] thus helping to [[Climate change mitigation|limit climate change]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fossil fuel subsidies: If we want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions we should not pay people to burn fossil-fuels |url=https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuel-subsidies |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref> {{As of|2021}}, policy researchers estimate that substantially more money is spent on fossil fuel subsidies than on environmentally harmful [[Agricultural subsidy|agricultural subsidies]] or environmentally harmful [[water subsidies]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Protecting Nature by Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: The Role of Business |url=https://www.earthtrack.net/document/protecting-nature-reforming-environmentally-harmful-subsidies-role-business |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Earth Track}}</ref> The [[International Energy Agency]] says: "High fossil fuel prices hit the poor hardest, but subsidies are rarely well-targeted to protect vulnerable groups and tend to benefit better-off segments of the population." <ref name="fossil-fuels-consumption-subsidies-2022">{{Cite web |title=Fossil Fuels Consumption Subsidies 2022 – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/fossil-fuels-consumption-subsidies-2022 |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=IEA |date=16 February 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:Fossil-fuel-subsidies.png|thumb|Fossil-fuel subsidies]] '' Despite the [[G20]] countries having pledged to phase-out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Update on recent progress in reform of inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption |url=https://www.oecd.org/g20/topics/climate-sustainability-and-energy/OECD-IEA-G20-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-Reform-Update-2021.pdf}}</ref> they continue because of voter demand, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Urpelainen |first=Johannes |last2=George |first2=Elisha |date=2021-07-14 |title=Reforming global fossil fuel subsidies: How the United States can restart international cooperation |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/reforming-global-fossil-fuel-subsidies-how-the-united-states-can-restart-international-cooperation/ |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=Martinez2022>{{Cite journal |last1=Martinez-Alvarez |first1=Cesar B. |last2=Hazlett |first2=Chad |last3=Mahdavi |first3=Paasha |last4=Ross |first4=Michael L. |date=2022-11-22 |title=Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=119 |issue=47 |article-number=e2208024119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2208024119 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=9704748 |pmid=36375060|bibcode=2022PNAS..11908024M }}</ref> or for [[energy security]]. <ref name="FT20220225">{{Cite news |last1=Brower |first1=Derek |last2=Wilson |first2=Tom |last3=Giles |first3=Chris |date=2022-02-25 |title=The new energy shock: Putin, Ukraine and the global economy |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/5a7ea3b8-c446-46a9-a836-fce811a97069 |access-date=2022-02-26}}</ref> However the [[International Institute for Sustainable Development]] says that, done carefully, phasing-out fossil fuel subsidies would increase energy security. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Surprising Route to Energy Security: Scrap fossil fuel subsidies |url=https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/route-energy-security-scrap-fossil-fuel-subsidies |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=International Institute for Sustainable Development |language=en}}</ref> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ qixeheisnv1erkbvzxnfqo2otvbr5eq 1331848 1331847 2026-11-05T08:39:52Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise */ 1331848 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] == Ceanntásc == ••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir * [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming * [[Aeráid]] '' Climate * [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave * [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire * [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation * [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy * [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]] ** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]] * [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]] ** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]] *** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]] **** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] {| class= wikitable |+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s) ! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht |- | Grian | [[Grianfhuinneamh]] | [[Grianchumhacht]] |- | Gaoth | [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]] | [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]] |- | Uisce | [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]] | [[Hidrileictreachas]] |- | Geo | [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]] | [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]] |- | Bith | [[Bithbhreosla]] | [[]] |- | Tonn | [[Fuinneamh toinne]] | [[Cumhacht toinne]] |} == Ábhair == === Cúiseanna === * [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] # [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] #* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]] # ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]] # Climate action # Climate change denial * [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]] === Aontas Eorpach === * [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], <s>an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=</s>an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]] === Náisiúin Aontaithe === * [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]] * [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]] * [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]] === Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar === * [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]] # ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]] #* [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]] # ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]] # ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]] #* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]] # ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]] #* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] # ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]] # ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]] == ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' == <ref name=iate /> == Role of climate change conferences '' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources. '' The UN Climate Change Conferences<ref name=uncc /> serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts. == Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! Bliain ! Ainm ! Tír, cathair óstach ! Uachtarán ! Tír uachtaránachta ! Grúpa réigiúnach |- | 1995 | [[#1995|COP&nbsp;1]] | [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin | [[Angela Merkel]] | {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}} | [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]] |- |1996 |[[#1996|COP&nbsp;2]] |[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis |[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]] |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Grúpa na hAfraice]] |- |1997 |[[#1997|COP&nbsp;3]] |[[Kyoto]], Japan |[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]] |{{flag|Japan}} |[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |- |1998 |[[#1998|COP&nbsp;4]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[María Julia Alsogaray]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |1999 |[[#1999|COP&nbsp;5]] |[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin |[[Jan Szyszko]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2000 |[[#2000|COP&nbsp;6]] |[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír |[[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#2001|COP&nbsp;6-2]] |[[Bonn]], Germany | [[Jan Pronk]] |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2001 |[[#COP&nbsp;7|COP&nbsp;7]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2002 |[[#2002|COP&nbsp;8]] |[[New Delhi]], India |[[T. R. Baalu]] |{{flag|India}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2003 |[[#2003|COP&nbsp;9]] |[[Milan]], Italy |[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}</ref> |{{flag|Hungary}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2004 |[[#2004|COP&nbsp;10]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |[[Ginés González García]] |{{flag|Argentina}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2005 |[[#2005|COP&nbsp;11]] |[[Montréal]], Canada |[[Stéphane Dion]] |{{flag|Canada}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2006 |[[#2006|COP&nbsp;12]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |[[Kivutha Kibwana]] |{{flag|Kenya}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2007 |[[#2007|COP&nbsp;13]] |[[Bali]], Indonesia |[[Rachmat Witoelar]] |{{flag|Indonesia}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2008 |[[#2008|COP&nbsp;14]] |[[Poznań]], Poland |[[Maciej Nowicki]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2009 |[[#2009|COP&nbsp;15]] |[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark |[[Connie Hedegaard]] |{{flag|Denmark}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2010 |[[#2010|COP&nbsp;16]] |[[Cancún]], Mexico |[[Patricia Espinosa]] |{{flag|Mexico}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2011 |[[#2011|COP&nbsp;17]] |[[Durban]], South Africa |[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]] |{{flag|South Africa}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2012 |[[#2012|COP&nbsp;18]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]] |{{flag|Qatar}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2013 |[[#2013|COP&nbsp;19]] |[[Warsaw]], Poland |[[Marcin Korolec]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2014 |[[#2014|COP&nbsp;20]] |[[Líoma]], Peru |[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]] |{{flag|Peru}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |2015 |[[#2015|COP&nbsp;21]] |[[Páras]], France |[[Laurent Fabius]] |{{flag|France}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- |2016 |[[#2016|COP&nbsp;22]] |[[Marrakesh]], Morocco |[[Salaheddine Mezouar]] |{{flag|Morocco}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- |2017 |[[#2017|COP&nbsp;23]] |[[Bonn]], Germany |[[Frank Bainimarama]]<ref name=unfccc2017 /> |{{flag|Fiji}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- |2018 |[[#2018|COP&nbsp;24]] |[[Katowice]], Poland |[[Michał Kurtyka]] |{{flag|Poland}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- |2019 |[[#2019|COP&nbsp;25]] |[[Maidrid]], Spain |[[Carolina Schmidt]] |{{flag|Chile}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- |<s>2020</s> |<s>COP 26</s> |<s>Glasgow, United Kingdom</s> |Postponed due to COVID |<s>United Kingdom</s> |<s>Western Europe and Other Group</s> |- | 2021 |[[#2021|COP&nbsp;26]] |[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom |[[Alok Sharma]] |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2022 |[[#2022|COP&nbsp;27]] |[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt |[[Sameh Shoukry]] |{{flag|Egypt}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2023 |[[#2023|COP&nbsp;28]] |[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates |[[Sultan Al Jaber]] |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin |- | 2024 |[[#2024|COP&nbsp;29]] |[[Baku]], Azerbaijan |[[Mukhtar Babayev]], |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |[[Eastern Europe Group]] |- | 2025 |[[#2025|COP&nbsp;30]] |[[Belém]], Brazil | [[André Corrêa do Lago]] |{{flag|Brazil}} |[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]] |- | 2026 |[[#2026|COP&nbsp;31]] |[[Antalya]], Turkey |[[Murat Kurum]] |{{flag|Turkey}} |[[Western Europe and Other Group]] |- | 2027 |[[#2027|COP&nbsp;32]] |[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia |[[Gedion Timothewos]] <ref name=ethiopia>{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}</ref> | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Grúpa na hAfraice |- | 2028 | [[#2028|COP&nbsp;33]] | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | ''le socrú'' | [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]] |} <ref name=iate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}</ref> <ref name=uncc>{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}</ref> <ref name=unfccc2017>{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}</ref> == ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} == Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh == {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} '' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].<ref name=UIA /> The 32 member countries and 13<ref name=Latvia /> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=:4 /> == Structure The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.<ref name=:6 /> == Ballraíocht The 32 member countries and 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal"/> association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.<ref name=":4" /> === Ballstáit Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=:1 /> Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.<ref name=:1 /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.95em;" ! style="width:115px;" | Tír ! Ballraíocht ! Nótaí |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Australia}} | align="right" |1979<ref name=":03"/> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Austria}} | align="right" |18 November 1974 <ref name=:5>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}</ref> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Belgium}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Czech Republic}} | align="right" |5 February 2001<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Denmark}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Estonia}} | align="right" |9 May 2014 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|France}} | align="right" |1992<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Germany}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Greece}} | align="right" |1976<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Hungary}} | align="right" |3 June 1997<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Ireland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Italy}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Japan}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Latvia}} | align="right" | 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Lithuania}} | align="right" |2022 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Luxembourg}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Mexico}} | align="right" |2018 | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Netherlands}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|New Zealand}} | align="right" |1977<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member (under a special Agreement)<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Portugal}} | align="right" |1981<ref name=":03" /> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Poland}} | align="right" |25 September 2008 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Slovakia}} | align="right" |30 November 2007 <ref>{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|South Korea}} | align="right" |20 April 2001 <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Spain}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Sweden}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Switzerland}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|United States}} | align="right" |18 November 1974<ref name=":5" /> |Founding member<ref name=":03" /> |} === Tíortha aontachais '' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat. <ref name=>{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> '' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:<ref name="AccessionAssociate">{{cite web|url=https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries & Regions - IEA|publisher=International Energy Agency|access-date=2026-10-06}}</ref> * {{Flag|Colombia}} * {{Flag|Brazil}} <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal =Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}</ref> * {{Flag|Chile}} * {{Flag|Costa Rica}} * {{Flag|Israel}} * {{Flag|Romania}} === Association countries '' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13<ref name="kenya-and-senegal" /> country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}</ref> India officially declared its "Association" status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}</ref> Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,<ref name=":2" /> <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022. <ref name=>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country. <ref name{>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}</ref> '' As of October 2026 the IEA has 14 association countries:<ref name="AccessionAssociate"/> * {{Flag|Argentina}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Morocco}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|Ukraine}} * {{Flag|Vietnam}} == Areas of work '' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries. === Dáta === Scenarios IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes: * Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps |url-status=live}}</ref> * Net Zero Scenario (NZE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> === Key publications [[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf| mion | ''A 2022 report on [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]] * '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO) * '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector''' * '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) * '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO) * '''Oil Market Report''' * '''Electricity Market Report''' * '''Gas Market Report''' * '''Energy Efficiency''' * '''Renewable Energy Market Update''' * '''World Energy Investment''' * '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress''' * '''Country Reviews''' == Cáineadh === Bias against renewable energy [[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]] '' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.<ref name=Creutzig2017 /><ref name=Hoekstra2017 /><ref name=Mertens /> === Accuracy of forecasting '' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. <ref name=guardian2 /> === Restricting access to data '' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, "[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it".<ref name=ambrose-2021 /><ref name=ritchie-2021 /><ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /><ref name=schaefer-2021 /> The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that "countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding".<ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /> '' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.<ref name=Ritchie2024 /> '' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.<ref name=ieadataset /> == Féach freisin * [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=UIA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Latvia>{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=:4>{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Creutzig2017>[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]</ref> <ref name=Hoekstra2017>Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]</ref> <ref name=Mertens>Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.</ref> <ref name=ambrose-2021>{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name=ritchie-2021>{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=schaefer-2021>{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Ritchie2024>{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ieadataset>{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{síol}} == Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise == {{owidslider |start = 2021 |list = Template:OWID/fossil fuel subsidies per capita#gallery |location = commons |caption = |title = |language = |file = [[File:fossil fuel subsidies per capita, World, 2021 (cropped).svg|link=|thumb|upright=1.5|Fossil fuel subsidies per capita]] |startingView = World }} |start = 2021 |list = Template:OWID/fossil fuel subsidies gdp#gallery |location = commons |caption = |title = |language = |file = [[File:fossil fuel subsidies gdp, World, 2021 (cropped).svg|link=|thumb|upright=1.5|Fossil fuel subsidies as share of GDP]] |startingView = World '' '''Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise''' are [[Energy subsidy|energy subsidies]] on [[Fossil fuel|fossil fuels]]. Under a narrow definition, fossil fuel subsidies totalled around $725 billion (0.6% of global [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]) <ref name=:0>{{Cite web |title=Underpriced and Overused: Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data 2025 Update |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2025/12/20/underpriced-and-overused-fossil-fuel-subsidies-data-2025-update-572729 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=IMF |language=en}}</ref> to $900 billion in 2024. <ref name=:1>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-19 |title=Government support for fossil fuels remains high despite a 10% decline from 2023 to 2024 |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/announcements/2025/12/government-support-for-fossil-fuels-remains-high-despite-a-10-decline.html |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=www.oecd.org |language=en}}</ref> Under a more expansive definition, they totalled $6.7 trillion (5.8% of GDP).<ref name=":0" /> Most subsidy is for [[Petroleum|oil]] and [[natural gas]].<ref name=":1" /> Subsidies are mainly on [[Consumption (economics)|consumption]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fossil Fuel Subsidies Explained: Concepts and trends {{!}} International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/articles/explainer/fossil-fuel-subsidies-explained-concepts-trends |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.iisd.org |language=en}}</ref> such as a lower [[sales tax]] on natural gas for [[Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning|residential heating]]; or [[Subsidy|subsidies]] on [[Production (economics)|production]], such as [[Tax break|tax breaks]] on [[Hydrocarbon exploration|exploration for oil]]; or they may be free or cheap [[Negative Externalities|negative externalities]]; such as [[air pollution]] or [[climate change]] due to burning [[gasoline]], [[Diesel fuel|diesel]] and [[jet fuel]]. Some fossil fuel subsidies are via [[electricity generation]], such as subsidies for [[Coal-fired power station|coal-fired power stations]]. '' Eliminating fossil fuel subsidies would reduce the [[health risks of air pollution]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Environmental Externalities due to Energy Price Subsidies: A Focus on Air Pollution and Health |url=https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/677081531112268818/pdf/ESRAF-note-8-Local-Environmental-Externalities-due-to-Energy-Price-Subsidies-A-Focus-on-Air-Pollution-and-Health.pdf |website=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> and would greatly reduce global [[carbon emissions]] thus helping to [[Climate change mitigation|limit climate change]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fossil fuel subsidies: If we want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions we should not pay people to burn fossil-fuels |url=https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuel-subsidies |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref> {{As of|2021}}, policy researchers estimate that substantially more money is spent on fossil fuel subsidies than on environmentally harmful [[Agricultural subsidy|agricultural subsidies]] or environmentally harmful [[water subsidies]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Protecting Nature by Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: The Role of Business |url=https://www.earthtrack.net/document/protecting-nature-reforming-environmentally-harmful-subsidies-role-business |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Earth Track}}</ref> The [[International Energy Agency]] says: "High fossil fuel prices hit the poor hardest, but subsidies are rarely well-targeted to protect vulnerable groups and tend to benefit better-off segments of the population." <ref name="fossil-fuels-consumption-subsidies-2022">{{Cite web |title=Fossil Fuels Consumption Subsidies 2022 – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/fossil-fuels-consumption-subsidies-2022 |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=IEA |date=16 February 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:Fossil-fuel-subsidies.png|thumb|Fossil-fuel subsidies]] '' Despite the [[G20]] countries having pledged to phase-out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Update on recent progress in reform of inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption |url=https://www.oecd.org/g20/topics/climate-sustainability-and-energy/OECD-IEA-G20-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-Reform-Update-2021.pdf}}</ref> they continue because of voter demand, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Urpelainen |first=Johannes |last2=George |first2=Elisha |date=2021-07-14 |title=Reforming global fossil fuel subsidies: How the United States can restart international cooperation |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/reforming-global-fossil-fuel-subsidies-how-the-united-states-can-restart-international-cooperation/ |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=Martinez2022>{{Cite journal |last1=Martinez-Alvarez |first1=Cesar B. |last2=Hazlett |first2=Chad |last3=Mahdavi |first3=Paasha |last4=Ross |first4=Michael L. |date=2022-11-22 |title=Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=119 |issue=47 |article-number=e2208024119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2208024119 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=9704748 |pmid=36375060|bibcode=2022PNAS..11908024M }}</ref> or for [[energy security]]. <ref name="FT20220225">{{Cite news |last1=Brower |first1=Derek |last2=Wilson |first2=Tom |last3=Giles |first3=Chris |date=2022-02-25 |title=The new energy shock: Putin, Ukraine and the global economy |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/5a7ea3b8-c446-46a9-a836-fce811a97069 |access-date=2022-02-26}}</ref> However the [[International Institute for Sustainable Development]] says that, done carefully, phasing-out fossil fuel subsidies would increase energy security. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Surprising Route to Energy Security: Scrap fossil fuel subsidies |url=https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/route-energy-security-scrap-fossil-fuel-subsidies |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=International Institute for Sustainable Development |language=en}}</ref> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ k5w4gak02sqzag3wjd789szlwvily3a 2 120472 1331835 1330956 2026-11-04T22:15:54Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1331835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list | sparql = SELECT ?item ?itemLabel WHERE { ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q27. ?item rdfs:label ?itemLabel. FILTER(CONTAINS(LCASE(?itemLabel), "wicklow mountains")) FILTER(LANG(?itemLabel) = "en" || LANG(?itemLabel) = "ga" || LANG(?itemLabel) = "ro") } | columns = label:Alt, item:Mír | nocat = true }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Alt ! Mír |- | [[Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin]] | [[:d:Q945002|Q945002]] |- | [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shléibhte Chill Mhantáin]] | [[:d:Q3364505|Q3364505]] |- | ''[[:d:Q100553270|European Communities (Conservation of Wild Birds (Wicklow Mountains Special Protection Area 004040)) Regulations 2012]]'' | [[:d:Q100553270|Q100553270]] |- | ''[[:d:Q128578262|Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin (LCS)]]'' | [[:d:Q128578262|Q128578262]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} ejq5z5yo6khi82hksy0m7xecghy7k2k 0 127525 1331820 1331608 2026-11-04T20:51:50Z TGcoa 21229 1331820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Íomhá:Abdul El Sayed senate hearing.webm|mion|220x220px|Físeán: 2024]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed.jpg|mion|El-Sayed i 2025, agus é ina stiúrthóir ar Roinn Sláinte, Gnóthaí Daonna agus Iarshaighdiúirí Chontae Wayne|330x330px]] Is dochtúir, eipidéimeolaí agus polaiteoir Meiriceánach é '''Abdulrahman Mohamed "Abdul" El-Sayed''' (a rugadh i Rochester Hills, Michigan ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1984). Is iar-oifigeach sláinte agus ball forásach den [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Pháirtí Daonlathach]] i Michigan chomh maith. I mí na Samhna 2026, fuair El-Sayed an ceann is fearr ar an Phoblachtánach Mike Rogers i stát [[Michigan]], an chéad duine den chreideamh Mhoslamach i Seanad na Stát Aontaithe. Dhírigh feachtas binbeach na bPoblachtánach ar chreideamh El-Sayed agus ar a chúlra Arabach. [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 9.jpg|mion|220x220px|2026]] == Tús a shaoil == Rugadh El-Sayed i Rochester Hills, i mbruachbhailte Detroit, ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1984.<ref name="enwiki">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Abdul El-Sayed|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_El-Sayed|journal=Wikipedia|language=en|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Inimircigh ón Éigipt is ea a thuismitheoirí araon: rugadh a athair, Mohamed, in Alexandria na hÉigipte, agus tháinig sé go Michigan chun innealtóireacht a dhéanamh in Ollscoil Stáit Wayne; is banaltra shíciatrach í a mháthair bhitheolaíoch, Fatten Elkomy, atá lonnaithe i Missouri anois.<ref name="bridgemi">{{Cite web|url=https://bridgemi.com/michigan-government/who-is-abdul-el-sayed-what-to-know-about-michigan-democrats-us-senate-winner/|teideal=Who is Abdul El-Sayed? What to know about Michigan Democrats US Senate winner|work=Bridge Michigan|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Scar a thuismitheoirí óna chéile agus é an-óg; ba iad a athair, mar aon lena leasmháthair Jacqueline – innealtóir freisin, agus dúchas aici i gContae Gratiot, Michigan – is mó a thóg é.<ref name="bridgemi" /><ref name="enwiki" /> D'fhreastail sé ar Bloomfield Hills Andover High School bhain sé céim amach aisti i 2003.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Oideachas == Chuaigh El-Sayed ar aghaidh chuig Ollscoil Mhichigan, áit ar bhain sé bitheolaíocht agus eolaíocht pholaitiúil amach mar phríomhábhair, agus d'imir sé le foireann chrosógaíochta na hollscoile. Bhain sé céim bhaitsiléara amach le hardghradam i 2007. Ag searmanas bronnta na gcéimeanna an bhliain sin a chuir sé aithne, de réir cosúlachta, ar [[Bill Clinton]], iar-Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe, a d'áitigh air gur cheart dó dul i mbun na polaitíochta seachas an leighis, ó bhí, dar leis, bua nádúrtha na cainte poiblí aige.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdul-El-Sayed|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed|work=Encyclopaedia Britannica|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Bronnadh scoláireacht lánchostais air chuig Scoil Leighis Ollscoil Mhichigan, áit ar chríochnaigh sé dhá bhliain den chúrsa leighis agus é i mbun misean míochaine do mhic léinn i bPeiriú. Ina dhara bliain sa choláiste leighis, bronnadh Scoláireacht Rhodes air, rud a thug go Coláiste Oriel, in Ollscoil Oxford, é, áit ar chríochnaigh sé dochtúireacht (PhD) i sláinte phoiblí i 2011. In Oxford, bhain sé "full blue" amach mar chaptaen ar fhoireann [[Crosógaíocht|chrosógaíochta]] na bhfear.<ref name="enwiki" /> D'fhill sé ar na Stáit Aontaithe agus bhain sé céim dochtúra leighis (MD) amach in [[Ollscoil Cholumbia]] i 2014, agus é maoinithe ag Comhaltacht Paul agus Daisy Soros do Mheiriceánaigh Nua chomh maith le Clár Oiliúna na nEolaithe Míochaine. Níor lorg sé ceadúnas cleachtaidh leighis riamh ina dhiaidh sin; ina áit sin, chuaigh sé i mbun oibre san eipidéimeolaíocht sláinte poiblí.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Gairmréim == I 2014, chuaigh El-Sayed le foireann acadúil Scoil Sláinte Poiblí Mailman in Ollscoil Cholumbia mar ollamh cúnta sa Roinn Eipidéimeolaíochta, áit ar fheidhmigh sé freisin mar stiúrthóir ar Chlár Eolaíocht na gCóras na scoile. In éineacht le Sandro Galea, chomheagraigh sé téacsleabhar dar teideal ''Systems Science and Population Health'', a d'fhoilsigh Oxford University Press i 2017.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí Lúnasa 2015, cheap Méara Detroit, [[Mike Duggan]], é ina oifigeach sláinte agus ina stiúrthóir feidhmiúcháin ar Roinn Sláinte Detroit, agus gan é ach 30 bliain d'aois – an t-oifigeach sláinte ba óige dá raibh ag aon chathair mhór sna Stáit Aontaithe ag an am. Bhí de chúram air an roinn a atógáil tar éis do chomhlacht neamhbhrabúis seirbhísí sláinte poiblí a sholáthar roimh fhéimheacht chathrach Detroit i 2012. Threoraigh sé an cur i gcoinne méadú ar astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíde sulfair ó scaglann Marathon Petroleum, rud a d'fhág gur laghdaigh an comhlacht a chuid astaíochtaí; chuir sé tástáil ar bun ar leibhéil luaidhe i scoileanna Detroit i ndiaidh ghéarchéim uisce Flint; chuir sé spéaclaí ar fáil saor in aisce do pháistí scoile; agus rinne sé athchóiriú ar Rannóg Rialaithe Ainmhithe na cathrach.<ref name="enwiki" /> Ainmníodh é ar liosta "40 Faoi 40" Crain's Detroit Business i 2016, agus roghnaigh Comhdháil Chaomhnóirí Michigan é mar "Oifigeach Poiblí na Bliana". I 2017, bhronn Ollscoil Mhichigan Gradam Dhá Chéad Bliain na nAlumni air. Ó 2019 i leith, tá sé ina óstach ar an bpodchraoladh ''America Dissected with Dr. Abdul El-Sayed'', a léiríonn Crooked Media agus a phléann polaitíocht agus sláinte phoiblí.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí na Nollag 2022, ceapadh é ina stiúrthóir ar Roinn Sláinte, Gnóthaí Daonna agus Iarshaighdiúirí Chontae Wayne – an contae is mó agus is ilchineálaí i Michigan, ina bhfuil beagnach 1.8 milliún duine ina gcónaí. Ghlac sé leis an bpost i mí an Mhárta 2023 agus d'éirigh sé as i mí Aibreáin 2025 agus é ag ullmhú don fheachtas Seanaid. I measc a chuid oibre ann bhí clár a chuir deireadh le suas le $700 milliún de fhiacha míochaine do 300,000 duine i Michigan.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Toghchán an ghobharnóra, 2018 == D'fhógair El-Sayed ar an 25 Feabhra 2017 go raibh sé san iomaíocht ar ainmniúchán an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh do Ghobharnóireacht Michigan, tar éis dó éirí as a phost mar stiúrthóir sláinte. Ba í géarchéim uisce Flint ba mhó a spreag é chun seasamh, dar leis féin, agus é ag cáineadh an easpa airde a thug an Gobharnóir Rick Snyder ar an bpobal a bhí thíos leis an ngéarchéim sin.<ref name="enwiki" /> Gheall El-Sayed nach nglacfadh sé le síntiúis feachtais ó chomhlachtaí, agus bhailigh sé os cionn $5 milliún ó dhaoine aonair. Fuair sé tacaíocht ó [[Bernie Sanders]], [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] agus Linda Sarsour, eagraí Mháirseáil na mBan 2017, chomh maith le tacaíocht ó Justice Democrats agus ó irisleabhar ''The Nation''. Sa réamhthoghchán an 7 Lúnasa, fuair sé thart ar 30% de na vótaí, agus chaill sé an t-ainmniúchán do [[Gretchen Whitmer]], a bhí 21 phointe céatadáin chun tosaigh air.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí Mheán Fómhair 2018, bhunaigh El-Sayed coiste gníomhaíochta polaitiúla dar teideal Southpaw Michigan, chun cabhrú le hiarrthóirí forásacha agus le tionscnaimh vótála i Michigan. I 2020, bhí sé ina bhall de Thascfhórsa Aontachta Joe Biden–Bernie Sanders ar chúram sláinte.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Toghchán an tSeanaid, 2026 == D'fhógair El-Sayed a iarrthóireacht ar ainmniúchán an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh do Sheanad na Stát Aontaithe an 17 Aibreán 2025, tar éis don Seanadóir reatha, Gary Peters, a fhógairt nach seasfadh sé arís. Bhí sé san iomaíocht in aghaidh Haley Stevens, feisire comhdhála, agus Mallory McMorrow, seanadóir stáit, i measc daoine eile.<ref name="enwiki" /> Rith El-Sayed feachtas ar chlár forásach – {{Lang-en|Medicare for All}}, deireadh a chur le Seirbhís Inimirce agus Custaim (ICE), agus athchóiriú ar mhaoiniú na bhfeachtas – agus é ag diúltú glacadh le síntiúis ó Choistí Gníomhaíochta Polaitiúla, ag brath ar dhaoine aonair amháin. Thacaigh Bernie Sanders agus Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez leis arís, ach thacaigh an Gobharnóir Whitmer le Stevens go déanach sa réamhthoghchán, beart a breathnaíodh mar iarracht dheireanach chun stop a chur le hardú El-Sayed. Caitheadh os cionn $65 milliún ag cur ina choinne le linn an fheachtais – an réamhthoghchán Seanaid ba dhaoire i stair na Stát Aontaithe.<ref name="nbcnews">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2026-election/abdul-el-sayed-wins-michigans-democratic-senate-primary-notching-midwe-rcna589750|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed wins Michigan's Democratic Senate primary, notching a Midwest victory for the left|work=NBC News|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> I mí Aibreáin 2026, d'fhreastail El-Sayed ar imeachtaí feachtais i roinnt coláistí i Michigan in éineacht leis an bhFeisire Summer Lee agus leis an sruthaitheoir polaitiúil Hasan Piker; tharraing an bhaint a bhí ag Piker leis an bhfeachtas conspóid laistigh den Pháirtí Dhaonlathach féin.<ref name="enwiki" /> Ar an 4 Lúnasa 2026, bhí an lá ag El-Sayed sa deireadh ar Stevens i réamhthoghchán a bhí, uaireanta, chomh gangaideach sin gur léirigh sé féin cé chomh scoilte agus atá an Páirtí Daonlathach maidir le cá bhfuil a dtriall.<ref name="tuairisc1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-la-leis-an-dibhirceach-ar-an-eite-chle-i-ras-a-leirigh-go-bhfuil-an-pairti-daonlathach-scoilte-go-toin/|teideal=An lá leis an díbhirceach ar an eite chlé i rás a léirigh go bhfuil an Páirtí Daonlathach scoilte go tóin|dáta=2026-08-06|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Bhí El-Sayed chun tosaigh le 14,893 vóta – lú ná pointe céatadáin amháin – as os cionn 1.5 milliún vóta a comhaireadh; níor dhearbhaigh Preas Comhlach na Stát Aontaithe (AP) an rás dó go dtí gur comhaireadh beagnach na vótaí uile.<ref name="cbc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/abdul-el-sayed-haley-stevens-democratic-primary-michigan-9.7296570|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed wins Michigan's Democratic Senate primary, notching a Midwest victory for the left|work=CBC News|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Daoine óga agus liobrálaigh a bhfuil oideachas tríú leibhéal orthu is mó a mheall El-Sayed chuige.<ref name="tuairisc1" /> I ndiaidh an réamhthoghcháin, thagair El-Sayed do Mohammad Ali agus dúirt: "Bhaineamar creathadh as an saol mór."<ref name="tuairisc1" /> Rinne sé iarracht freisin teacht roimh aon phlean a bheadh ag an bPáirtí Poblachtánach leas a bhaint as a chúlra chun daoine a iompú ina choinne: "Ní hé m'ainm is cúis le praghas do gháis a bheith ag ardú," a dúirt sé. "Ní m'ainm atá á thabhairt chun cogaidh. Ní hé m'ainm an chúis nach bhfuil in acmhainn duit d'earraí grósaera a cheannach."<ref name="tuairisc1" /> I mí Lúnasa 2026 bhuaigh sé réamhthoghchán an pháirtí chéanna do Sheanad na Stát Aontaithe ar son Michigan – rás a bhí, uaireanta, chomh gangaideach sin gur léirigh sé an scoilt atá idir eite chlé agus eite mheasartha na nDaonlathach.<ref name="tuairisc1" /> Is é ainmní an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh é anois don olltoghchán i mí na Samhna 2026, in aghaidh Mike Rogers, iar-fheisire Poblachtánach; má éiríonn leis, beidh sé ar an gcéad Mhoslamach riamh a thoghfar chuig [[Seanad Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Seanad na Stát Aontaithe]].<ref name="tuairisc1" /> San olltoghchán, ar an 3 Samhain 2026, bhí El-Sayed san iomaíocht in aghaidh Mike Rogers, iar-fheisire Poblachtánach ó White Lake Township. Toghadh El-Sayed le 51% den vóta (47% do Rogers), an chéad Mhoslamach riamh a thoghfar chuig Seanad na Stát Aontaithe. == Dearcadh polaitiúil == Meastar gur forásaí é El-Sayed ar eite chlé an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh. Is é {{Lang-en|Medicare for All}} – córas cúraim sláinte aon-íocóra – an beartas is mó a bhfuil aitheantas air dó; scríobh sé féin agus Micah Johnson leabhar air. Tá sé ina bhall de cheardchumainn éagsúla – SEIU, Cónaidhm Mheiriceá na Múinteoirí, agus UAW ina measc – agus é den tuairim go bhfuil géarghá le leathnú na ceardchumannachta chun "dínit an oibrí" a chosaint i bhfianaise fhás na hintleachta saorga.<ref name="enwiki" /> Tacaíonn El-Sayed le deireadh a chur le ICE, á rá go bhfuil an ghníomhaireacht "truaillithe go smior", cé go dtacaíonn sé le slándáil na teorann le Meicsiceo agus le cineálacha áirithe forfheidhmithe teorann.<ref name="enwiki" /> Is léirmheastóir géar é El-Sayed ar iompar Iosrael i gCogadh Gaza. I bpodchraoladh i mí Eanáir 2024, thug sé "tubaiste sláinte poiblí" ar an gcogadh i Stráice Gaza agus d'éiligh sé sos cogaidh. I mí Lúnasa 2025, thug sé "cinedhíothú" ar iompar Iosrael i nGaza. Cé go bhfuil sé go ginearálta in aghaidh chúnamh míleata Mheiriceá do thíortha eachtracha, luann sé tacaíocht na Stát Aontaithe don Úcráin le linn ionradh na Rúise, agus don tSeirbia sna 1990idí, mar shamplaí d'idirghabháil thairbheach de chuid Mheiriceá. I mí an Mhárta 2022, thug sé "cogadh idir an daonlathas agus an t-uathlathas" ar chogadh na hÚcráine, agus cháin sé Uachtarán na Rúise, [[Vladimir Putin]], mar "dheachtóir údarásach".<ref name="enwiki" /> Ó thaobh an chomhshaoil de, tá sé ag éileamh 100% fuinneamh in-athnuaite do Michigan faoi 2030, agus Roinn Comhshaoil amháin a bhunú trí Roinn na nAcmhainní Nádúrtha agus Roinn Cháilíocht an Chomhshaoil a chumasc.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Saol pearsanta == Phós El-Sayed Sarah Jukaku, síciatraí, i 2006; chuir siad aithne ar a chéile agus iad araon ina mic léinn in Ollscoil Mhichigan. Tá beirt iníonacha acu, Emmalee agus Serene, agus tá cónaí orthu in [[Ann Arbor]], Michigan. Is Moslamach é El-Sayed.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="bridgemi" /> == Saothar foilsithe == * El-Sayed, Abdul (2020). ''Healing Politics: A Doctor's Journey into the Heart of Our Political Epidemic''. Nua-Eabhrac: Abrams. * El-Sayed, Abdul; Johnson, Micah (2021). ''Medicare for All: A Citizen's Guide''. Nua-Eabhrac: Oxford University Press. == Féach freisin == * [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)]] * [[Rashida Tlaib]] * [[Ilhan Omar]] * [[Gretchen Whitmer]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:El-Sayed, Abdul}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1984]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Oxford]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Michigan]] [[Catagóir:Daonlathaigh na Stát Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Mheiriceá]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe na heite chlé]] [[Catagóir:Lianna Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Moslamaigh]] [[Catagóir:Scoláirí agus lucht acadúil Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Meiriceánacha]] 8dnrd4axawzucywjbu48qfg5qxvxz4p 1331821 1331820 2026-11-04T20:56:13Z TGcoa 21229 /* Gairmréim */ 1331821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Íomhá:Abdul El Sayed senate hearing.webm|mion|220x220px|Físeán: 2024]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed.jpg|mion|El-Sayed i 2025, agus é ina stiúrthóir ar Roinn Sláinte, Gnóthaí Daonna agus Iarshaighdiúirí Chontae Wayne|330x330px]] Is dochtúir, eipidéimeolaí agus polaiteoir Meiriceánach é '''Abdulrahman Mohamed "Abdul" El-Sayed''' (a rugadh i Rochester Hills, Michigan ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1984). Is iar-oifigeach sláinte agus ball forásach den [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Pháirtí Daonlathach]] i Michigan chomh maith. I mí na Samhna 2026, fuair El-Sayed an ceann is fearr ar an Phoblachtánach Mike Rogers i stát [[Michigan]], an chéad duine den chreideamh Mhoslamach i Seanad na Stát Aontaithe. Dhírigh feachtas binbeach na bPoblachtánach ar chreideamh El-Sayed agus ar a chúlra Arabach. [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 9.jpg|mion|220x220px|2026]] == Tús a shaoil == Rugadh El-Sayed i Rochester Hills, i mbruachbhailte Detroit, ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1984.<ref name="enwiki">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Abdul El-Sayed|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_El-Sayed|journal=Wikipedia|language=en|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Inimircigh ón Éigipt is ea a thuismitheoirí araon: rugadh a athair, Mohamed, in Alexandria na hÉigipte, agus tháinig sé go Michigan chun innealtóireacht a dhéanamh in Ollscoil Stáit Wayne; is banaltra shíciatrach í a mháthair bhitheolaíoch, Fatten Elkomy, atá lonnaithe i Missouri anois.<ref name="bridgemi">{{Cite web|url=https://bridgemi.com/michigan-government/who-is-abdul-el-sayed-what-to-know-about-michigan-democrats-us-senate-winner/|teideal=Who is Abdul El-Sayed? What to know about Michigan Democrats US Senate winner|work=Bridge Michigan|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Scar a thuismitheoirí óna chéile agus é an-óg; ba iad a athair, mar aon lena leasmháthair Jacqueline – innealtóir freisin, agus dúchas aici i gContae Gratiot, Michigan – is mó a thóg é.<ref name="bridgemi" /><ref name="enwiki" /> D'fhreastail sé ar Bloomfield Hills Andover High School bhain sé céim amach aisti i 2003.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Oideachas == Chuaigh El-Sayed ar aghaidh chuig Ollscoil Mhichigan, áit ar bhain sé bitheolaíocht agus eolaíocht pholaitiúil amach mar phríomhábhair, agus d'imir sé le foireann chrosógaíochta na hollscoile. Bhain sé céim bhaitsiléara amach le hardghradam i 2007. Ag searmanas bronnta na gcéimeanna an bhliain sin a chuir sé aithne, de réir cosúlachta, ar [[Bill Clinton]], iar-Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe, a d'áitigh air gur cheart dó dul i mbun na polaitíochta seachas an leighis, ó bhí, dar leis, bua nádúrtha na cainte poiblí aige.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdul-El-Sayed|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed|work=Encyclopaedia Britannica|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Bronnadh scoláireacht lánchostais air chuig Scoil Leighis Ollscoil Mhichigan, áit ar chríochnaigh sé dhá bhliain den chúrsa leighis agus é i mbun misean míochaine do mhic léinn i bPeiriú. Ina dhara bliain sa choláiste leighis, bronnadh Scoláireacht Rhodes air, rud a thug go Coláiste Oriel, in Ollscoil Oxford, é, áit ar chríochnaigh sé dochtúireacht (PhD) i sláinte phoiblí i 2011. In Oxford, bhain sé "full blue" amach mar chaptaen ar fhoireann [[Crosógaíocht|chrosógaíochta]] na bhfear.<ref name="enwiki" /> D'fhill sé ar na Stáit Aontaithe agus bhain sé céim dochtúra leighis (MD) amach in [[Ollscoil Cholumbia]] i 2014, agus é maoinithe ag Comhaltacht Paul agus Daisy Soros do Mheiriceánaigh Nua chomh maith le Clár Oiliúna na nEolaithe Míochaine. Níor lorg sé ceadúnas cleachtaidh leighis riamh ina dhiaidh sin; ina áit sin, chuaigh sé i mbun oibre san eipidéimeolaíocht agus sa sláinte poiblí.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Gairmréim == I 2014, chuaigh El-Sayed le foireann acadúil Scoil Sláinte Poiblí Mailman in Ollscoil Cholumbia mar ollamh cúnta sa Roinn Eipidéimeolaíochta, áit ar fheidhmigh sé freisin mar stiúrthóir ar Chlár Eolaíocht na gCóras na scoile. In éineacht le Sandro Galea, chomheagraigh sé téacsleabhar dar teideal ''Systems Science and Population Health'', a d'fhoilsigh Oxford University Press i 2017.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí Lúnasa 2015, cheap Méara Detroit, [[Mike Duggan]], é ina oifigeach sláinte agus ina stiúrthóir feidhmiúcháin ar Roinn Sláinte Detroit, agus gan é ach 30 bliain d'aois – an t-oifigeach sláinte ba óige dá raibh ag aon chathair mhór sna Stáit Aontaithe ag an am. Bhí de chúram air an roinn a atógáil tar éis do chomhlacht neamhbhrabúis seirbhísí sláinte poiblí a sholáthar roimh fhéimheacht chathrach Detroit i 2012. Threoraigh sé an cur i gcoinne méadú ar astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíde sulfair ó scaglann Marathon Petroleum, rud a d'fhág gur laghdaigh an comhlacht a chuid astaíochtaí; chuir sé tástáil ar bun ar leibhéil luaidhe i scoileanna Detroit i ndiaidh ghéarchéim uisce Flint; chuir sé spéaclaí ar fáil saor in aisce do pháistí scoile; agus rinne sé athchóiriú ar Rannóg Rialaithe Ainmhithe na cathrach.<ref name="enwiki" /> Ainmníodh é ar liosta "40 Faoi 40" Crain's Detroit Business i 2016, agus roghnaigh Comhdháil Chaomhnóirí Michigan é mar "Oifigeach Poiblí na Bliana". I 2017, bhronn Ollscoil Mhichigan Gradam Dhá Chéad Bliain na nAlumni air. Ó 2019 i leith, tá sé ina óstach ar an bpodchraoladh ''America Dissected with Dr. Abdul El-Sayed'', a léiríonn Crooked Media agus a phléann polaitíocht agus sláinte phoiblí.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí na Nollag 2022, ceapadh é ina stiúrthóir ar Roinn Sláinte, Gnóthaí Daonna agus Iarshaighdiúirí Chontae Wayne – an contae is mó agus is ilchineálaí i Michigan, ina bhfuil beagnach 1.8 milliún duine ina gcónaí. Ghlac sé leis an bpost i mí an Mhárta 2023 agus d'éirigh sé as i mí Aibreáin 2025 agus é ag ullmhú don fheachtas Seanaid. I measc a chuid oibre ann bhí clár a chuir deireadh le suas le $700 milliún de fhiacha míochaine do 300,000 duine i Michigan.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Toghchán an ghobharnóra, 2018 == D'fhógair El-Sayed ar an 25 Feabhra 2017 go raibh sé san iomaíocht ar ainmniúchán an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh do Ghobharnóireacht Michigan, tar éis dó éirí as a phost mar stiúrthóir sláinte. Ba í géarchéim uisce Flint ba mhó a spreag é chun seasamh, dar leis féin, agus é ag cáineadh an easpa airde a thug an Gobharnóir Rick Snyder ar an bpobal a bhí thíos leis an ngéarchéim sin.<ref name="enwiki" /> Gheall El-Sayed nach nglacfadh sé le síntiúis feachtais ó chomhlachtaí, agus bhailigh sé os cionn $5 milliún ó dhaoine aonair. Fuair sé tacaíocht ó [[Bernie Sanders]], [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] agus Linda Sarsour, eagraí Mháirseáil na mBan 2017, chomh maith le tacaíocht ó Justice Democrats agus ó irisleabhar ''The Nation''. Sa réamhthoghchán an 7 Lúnasa, fuair sé thart ar 30% de na vótaí, agus chaill sé an t-ainmniúchán do [[Gretchen Whitmer]], a bhí 21 phointe céatadáin chun tosaigh air.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí Mheán Fómhair 2018, bhunaigh El-Sayed coiste gníomhaíochta polaitiúla dar teideal Southpaw Michigan, chun cabhrú le hiarrthóirí forásacha agus le tionscnaimh vótála i Michigan. I 2020, bhí sé ina bhall de Thascfhórsa Aontachta Joe Biden–Bernie Sanders ar chúram sláinte.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Toghchán an tSeanaid, 2026 == D'fhógair El-Sayed a iarrthóireacht ar ainmniúchán an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh do Sheanad na Stát Aontaithe an 17 Aibreán 2025, tar éis don Seanadóir reatha, Gary Peters, a fhógairt nach seasfadh sé arís. Bhí sé san iomaíocht in aghaidh Haley Stevens, feisire comhdhála, agus Mallory McMorrow, seanadóir stáit, i measc daoine eile.<ref name="enwiki" /> Rith El-Sayed feachtas ar chlár forásach – {{Lang-en|Medicare for All}}, deireadh a chur le Seirbhís Inimirce agus Custaim (ICE), agus athchóiriú ar mhaoiniú na bhfeachtas – agus é ag diúltú glacadh le síntiúis ó Choistí Gníomhaíochta Polaitiúla, ag brath ar dhaoine aonair amháin. Thacaigh Bernie Sanders agus Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez leis arís, ach thacaigh an Gobharnóir Whitmer le Stevens go déanach sa réamhthoghchán, beart a breathnaíodh mar iarracht dheireanach chun stop a chur le hardú El-Sayed. Caitheadh os cionn $65 milliún ag cur ina choinne le linn an fheachtais – an réamhthoghchán Seanaid ba dhaoire i stair na Stát Aontaithe.<ref name="nbcnews">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2026-election/abdul-el-sayed-wins-michigans-democratic-senate-primary-notching-midwe-rcna589750|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed wins Michigan's Democratic Senate primary, notching a Midwest victory for the left|work=NBC News|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> I mí Aibreáin 2026, d'fhreastail El-Sayed ar imeachtaí feachtais i roinnt coláistí i Michigan in éineacht leis an bhFeisire Summer Lee agus leis an sruthaitheoir polaitiúil Hasan Piker; tharraing an bhaint a bhí ag Piker leis an bhfeachtas conspóid laistigh den Pháirtí Dhaonlathach féin.<ref name="enwiki" /> Ar an 4 Lúnasa 2026, bhí an lá ag El-Sayed sa deireadh ar Stevens i réamhthoghchán a bhí, uaireanta, chomh gangaideach sin gur léirigh sé féin cé chomh scoilte agus atá an Páirtí Daonlathach maidir le cá bhfuil a dtriall.<ref name="tuairisc1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-la-leis-an-dibhirceach-ar-an-eite-chle-i-ras-a-leirigh-go-bhfuil-an-pairti-daonlathach-scoilte-go-toin/|teideal=An lá leis an díbhirceach ar an eite chlé i rás a léirigh go bhfuil an Páirtí Daonlathach scoilte go tóin|dáta=2026-08-06|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Bhí El-Sayed chun tosaigh le 14,893 vóta – lú ná pointe céatadáin amháin – as os cionn 1.5 milliún vóta a comhaireadh; níor dhearbhaigh Preas Comhlach na Stát Aontaithe (AP) an rás dó go dtí gur comhaireadh beagnach na vótaí uile.<ref name="cbc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/abdul-el-sayed-haley-stevens-democratic-primary-michigan-9.7296570|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed wins Michigan's Democratic Senate primary, notching a Midwest victory for the left|work=CBC News|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Daoine óga agus liobrálaigh a bhfuil oideachas tríú leibhéal orthu is mó a mheall El-Sayed chuige.<ref name="tuairisc1" /> I ndiaidh an réamhthoghcháin, thagair El-Sayed do Mohammad Ali agus dúirt: "Bhaineamar creathadh as an saol mór."<ref name="tuairisc1" /> Rinne sé iarracht freisin teacht roimh aon phlean a bheadh ag an bPáirtí Poblachtánach leas a bhaint as a chúlra chun daoine a iompú ina choinne: "Ní hé m'ainm is cúis le praghas do gháis a bheith ag ardú," a dúirt sé. "Ní m'ainm atá á thabhairt chun cogaidh. Ní hé m'ainm an chúis nach bhfuil in acmhainn duit d'earraí grósaera a cheannach."<ref name="tuairisc1" /> I mí Lúnasa 2026 bhuaigh sé réamhthoghchán an pháirtí chéanna do Sheanad na Stát Aontaithe ar son Michigan – rás a bhí, uaireanta, chomh gangaideach sin gur léirigh sé an scoilt atá idir eite chlé agus eite mheasartha na nDaonlathach.<ref name="tuairisc1" /> Is é ainmní an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh é anois don olltoghchán i mí na Samhna 2026, in aghaidh Mike Rogers, iar-fheisire Poblachtánach; má éiríonn leis, beidh sé ar an gcéad Mhoslamach riamh a thoghfar chuig [[Seanad Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Seanad na Stát Aontaithe]].<ref name="tuairisc1" /> San olltoghchán, ar an 3 Samhain 2026, bhí El-Sayed san iomaíocht in aghaidh Mike Rogers, iar-fheisire Poblachtánach ó White Lake Township. Toghadh El-Sayed le 51% den vóta (47% do Rogers), an chéad Mhoslamach riamh a thoghfar chuig Seanad na Stát Aontaithe. == Dearcadh polaitiúil == Meastar gur forásaí é El-Sayed ar eite chlé an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh. Is é {{Lang-en|Medicare for All}} – córas cúraim sláinte aon-íocóra – an beartas is mó a bhfuil aitheantas air dó; scríobh sé féin agus Micah Johnson leabhar air. Tá sé ina bhall de cheardchumainn éagsúla – SEIU, Cónaidhm Mheiriceá na Múinteoirí, agus UAW ina measc – agus é den tuairim go bhfuil géarghá le leathnú na ceardchumannachta chun "dínit an oibrí" a chosaint i bhfianaise fhás na hintleachta saorga.<ref name="enwiki" /> Tacaíonn El-Sayed le deireadh a chur le ICE, á rá go bhfuil an ghníomhaireacht "truaillithe go smior", cé go dtacaíonn sé le slándáil na teorann le Meicsiceo agus le cineálacha áirithe forfheidhmithe teorann.<ref name="enwiki" /> Is léirmheastóir géar é El-Sayed ar iompar Iosrael i gCogadh Gaza. I bpodchraoladh i mí Eanáir 2024, thug sé "tubaiste sláinte poiblí" ar an gcogadh i Stráice Gaza agus d'éiligh sé sos cogaidh. I mí Lúnasa 2025, thug sé "cinedhíothú" ar iompar Iosrael i nGaza. Cé go bhfuil sé go ginearálta in aghaidh chúnamh míleata Mheiriceá do thíortha eachtracha, luann sé tacaíocht na Stát Aontaithe don Úcráin le linn ionradh na Rúise, agus don tSeirbia sna 1990idí, mar shamplaí d'idirghabháil thairbheach de chuid Mheiriceá. I mí an Mhárta 2022, thug sé "cogadh idir an daonlathas agus an t-uathlathas" ar chogadh na hÚcráine, agus cháin sé Uachtarán na Rúise, [[Vladimir Putin]], mar "dheachtóir údarásach".<ref name="enwiki" /> Ó thaobh an chomhshaoil de, tá sé ag éileamh 100% fuinneamh in-athnuaite do Michigan faoi 2030, agus Roinn Comhshaoil amháin a bhunú trí Roinn na nAcmhainní Nádúrtha agus Roinn Cháilíocht an Chomhshaoil a chumasc.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Saol pearsanta == Phós El-Sayed Sarah Jukaku, síciatraí, i 2006; chuir siad aithne ar a chéile agus iad araon ina mic léinn in Ollscoil Mhichigan. Tá beirt iníonacha acu, Emmalee agus Serene, agus tá cónaí orthu in [[Ann Arbor]], Michigan. Is Moslamach é El-Sayed.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="bridgemi" /> == Saothar foilsithe == * El-Sayed, Abdul (2020). ''Healing Politics: A Doctor's Journey into the Heart of Our Political Epidemic''. Nua-Eabhrac: Abrams. * El-Sayed, Abdul; Johnson, Micah (2021). ''Medicare for All: A Citizen's Guide''. Nua-Eabhrac: Oxford University Press. == Féach freisin == * [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)]] * [[Rashida Tlaib]] * [[Ilhan Omar]] * [[Gretchen Whitmer]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:El-Sayed, Abdul}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1984]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Oxford]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Michigan]] [[Catagóir:Daonlathaigh na Stát Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Mheiriceá]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe na heite chlé]] [[Catagóir:Lianna Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Moslamaigh]] [[Catagóir:Scoláirí agus lucht acadúil Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Meiriceánacha]] bb4b1di7iriezt9l6fwqg9uxzvkview 1331823 1331821 2026-11-04T20:58:15Z TGcoa 21229 1331823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} [[Íomhá:Abdul El Sayed senate hearing.webm|mion|220x220px|Físeán: 2024]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed.jpg|mion|El-Sayed i 2025, agus é ina stiúrthóir ar Roinn Sláinte, Gnóthaí Daonna agus Iarshaighdiúirí Chontae Wayne|330x330px]] Is dochtúir, eipidéimeolaí agus polaiteoir Meiriceánach é '''Abdulrahman Mohamed "Abdul" El-Sayed''' (a rugadh i Rochester Hills, Michigan ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1984). Is iar-oifigeach sláinte agus ball forásach den [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Pháirtí Daonlathach]] i Michigan chomh maith. I mí na Samhna 2026, fuair El-Sayed an ceann is fearr ar an Phoblachtánach Mike Rogers i stát [[Michigan]], an chéad duine den chreideamh Mhoslamach i Seanad na Stát Aontaithe. Dhírigh feachtas binbeach na bPoblachtánach ar chreideamh El-Sayed agus ar a chúlra Arabach. [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 9.jpg|mion|220x220px|2026]] == Tús a shaoil == Rugadh El-Sayed i Rochester Hills, i mbruachbhailte Detroit, ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1984.<ref name="enwiki">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Abdul El-Sayed|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_El-Sayed|journal=Wikipedia|language=en|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Inimircigh ón Éigipt is ea a thuismitheoirí araon: rugadh a athair, Mohamed, in Alexandria na hÉigipte, agus tháinig sé go Michigan chun innealtóireacht a dhéanamh in Ollscoil Stáit Wayne; is banaltra shíciatrach í a mháthair bhitheolaíoch, Fatten Elkomy, atá lonnaithe i Missouri anois.<ref name="bridgemi">{{Cite web|url=https://bridgemi.com/michigan-government/who-is-abdul-el-sayed-what-to-know-about-michigan-democrats-us-senate-winner/|teideal=Who is Abdul El-Sayed? What to know about Michigan Democrats US Senate winner|work=Bridge Michigan|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Scar a thuismitheoirí óna chéile agus é an-óg; ba iad a athair, mar aon lena leasmháthair Jacqueline – innealtóir freisin, agus dúchas aici i gContae Gratiot, Michigan – is mó a thóg é.<ref name="bridgemi" /><ref name="enwiki" /> D'fhreastail sé ar Bloomfield Hills Andover High School bhain sé céim amach aisti i 2003.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Oideachas == Chuaigh El-Sayed ar aghaidh chuig Ollscoil Mhichigan, áit ar bhain sé bitheolaíocht agus eolaíocht pholaitiúil amach mar phríomhábhair, agus d'imir sé le foireann chrosógaíochta na hollscoile. Bhain sé céim bhaitsiléara amach le hardghradam i 2007. Ag searmanas bronnta na gcéimeanna an bhliain sin a chuir sé aithne, de réir cosúlachta, ar [[Bill Clinton]], iar-Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe, a d'áitigh air gur cheart dó dul i mbun na polaitíochta seachas an leighis, ó bhí, dar leis, bua nádúrtha na cainte poiblí aige.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdul-El-Sayed|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed|work=Encyclopaedia Britannica|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Bronnadh scoláireacht lánchostais air chuig Scoil Leighis Ollscoil Mhichigan, áit ar chríochnaigh sé dhá bhliain den chúrsa leighis agus é i mbun misean míochaine do mhic léinn i bPeiriú. Ina dhara bliain sa choláiste leighis, bronnadh Scoláireacht Rhodes air, rud a thug go Coláiste Oriel, in Ollscoil Oxford, é, áit ar chríochnaigh sé dochtúireacht (PhD) i sláinte phoiblí i 2011. In Oxford, bhain sé "full blue" amach mar chaptaen ar fhoireann [[Crosógaíocht|chrosógaíochta]] na bhfear.<ref name="enwiki" /> D'fhill sé ar na Stáit Aontaithe agus bhain sé céim dochtúra leighis (MD) amach in [[Ollscoil Cholumbia]] i 2014, agus é maoinithe ag Comhaltacht Paul agus Daisy Soros do Mheiriceánaigh Nua chomh maith le Clár Oiliúna na nEolaithe Míochaine. Níor lorg sé ceadúnas cleachtaidh leighis riamh ina dhiaidh sin; ina áit sin, chuaigh sé i mbun oibre san eipidéimeolaíocht agus sa sláinte poiblí.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Gairmréim == I 2014, chuaigh El-Sayed le foireann acadúil Scoil Sláinte Poiblí Mailman in Ollscoil Cholumbia mar ollamh cúnta sa Roinn Eipidéimeolaíochta, áit ar fheidhmigh sé freisin mar stiúrthóir ar Chlár Eolaíocht na gCóras na scoile. In éineacht le Sandro Galea, chomheagraigh sé téacsleabhar dar teideal ''Systems Science and Population Health'', a d'fhoilsigh Oxford University Press i 2017.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí Lúnasa 2015, cheap Méara Detroit, [[Mike Duggan]], é ina oifigeach sláinte agus ina stiúrthóir feidhmiúcháin ar Roinn Sláinte Detroit, agus gan é ach 30 bliain d'aois – an t-oifigeach sláinte ba óige dá raibh ag aon chathair mhór sna Stáit Aontaithe ag an am. Bhí de chúram air an roinn a atógáil tar éis do chomhlacht neamhbhrabúis seirbhísí sláinte poiblí a sholáthar roimh fhéimheacht chathrach Detroit i 2012. Threoraigh sé an cur i gcoinne méadú ar astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíde sulfair ó scaglann Marathon Petroleum, rud a d'fhág gur laghdaigh an comhlacht a chuid astaíochtaí; chuir sé tástáil ar bun ar leibhéil luaidhe i scoileanna Detroit i ndiaidh ghéarchéim uisce Flint; chuir sé spéaclaí ar fáil saor in aisce do pháistí scoile; agus rinne sé athchóiriú ar Rannóg Rialaithe Ainmhithe na cathrach.<ref name="enwiki" /> Ainmníodh é ar liosta "40 Faoi 40" Crain's Detroit Business i 2016, agus roghnaigh Comhdháil Chaomhnóirí Michigan é mar "Oifigeach Poiblí na Bliana". I 2017, bhronn Ollscoil Mhichigan Gradam Dhá Chéad Bliain na nAlumni air. Ó 2019 i leith, tá sé ina óstach ar an bpodchraoladh ''America Dissected with Dr. Abdul El-Sayed'', a léiríonn Crooked Media agus a phléann polaitíocht agus sláinte phoiblí.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí na Nollag 2022, ceapadh é ina stiúrthóir ar Roinn Sláinte, Gnóthaí Daonna agus Iarshaighdiúirí Chontae Wayne – an contae is mó agus is ilchineálaí i Michigan, ina bhfuil beagnach 1.8 milliún duine ina gcónaí. Ghlac sé leis an bpost i mí an Mhárta 2023 agus d'éirigh sé as i mí Aibreáin 2025 agus é ag ullmhú don fheachtas Seanaid. I measc a chuid oibre ann bhí clár a chuir deireadh le suas le $700 milliún de fhiacha míochaine do 300,000 duine i Michigan.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Toghchán an ghobharnóra, 2018 == D'fhógair El-Sayed ar an 25 Feabhra 2017 go raibh sé san iomaíocht ar ainmniúchán an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh do Ghobharnóireacht Michigan, tar éis dó éirí as a phost mar stiúrthóir sláinte. Ba í géarchéim uisce Flint ba mhó a spreag é chun seasamh, dar leis féin, agus é ag cáineadh an easpa airde a thug an Gobharnóir Rick Snyder ar an bpobal a bhí thíos leis an ngéarchéim sin.<ref name="enwiki" /> Gheall El-Sayed nach nglacfadh sé le síntiúis feachtais ó chomhlachtaí, agus bhailigh sé os cionn $5 milliún ó dhaoine aonair. Fuair sé tacaíocht ó [[Bernie Sanders]], [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] agus Linda Sarsour, eagraí Mháirseáil na mBan 2017, chomh maith le tacaíocht ó Justice Democrats agus ó irisleabhar ''The Nation''. Sa réamhthoghchán an 7 Lúnasa, fuair sé thart ar 30% de na vótaí, agus chaill sé an t-ainmniúchán do [[Gretchen Whitmer]], a bhí 21 phointe céatadáin chun tosaigh air.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí Mheán Fómhair 2018, bhunaigh El-Sayed coiste gníomhaíochta polaitiúla dar teideal Southpaw Michigan, chun cabhrú le hiarrthóirí forásacha agus le tionscnaimh vótála i Michigan. I 2020, bhí sé ina bhall de Thascfhórsa Aontachta Joe Biden–Bernie Sanders ar chúram sláinte.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Toghchán an tSeanaid, 2026 == D'fhógair El-Sayed a iarrthóireacht ar ainmniúchán an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh do Sheanad na Stát Aontaithe an 17 Aibreán 2025, tar éis don Seanadóir reatha, Gary Peters, a fhógairt nach seasfadh sé arís. Bhí sé san iomaíocht in aghaidh Haley Stevens, feisire comhdhála, agus Mallory McMorrow, seanadóir stáit, i measc daoine eile.<ref name="enwiki" /> Rith El-Sayed feachtas ar chlár forásach – {{Lang-en|Medicare for All}}, deireadh a chur le Seirbhís Inimirce agus Custaim (ICE), agus athchóiriú ar mhaoiniú na bhfeachtas – agus é ag diúltú glacadh le síntiúis ó Choistí Gníomhaíochta Polaitiúla, ag brath ar dhaoine aonair amháin. Thacaigh Bernie Sanders agus Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez leis arís, ach thacaigh an Gobharnóir Whitmer le Stevens go déanach sa réamhthoghchán, beart a breathnaíodh mar iarracht dheireanach chun stop a chur le hardú El-Sayed. Caitheadh os cionn $65 milliún ag cur ina choinne le linn an fheachtais – an réamhthoghchán Seanaid ba dhaoire i stair na Stát Aontaithe.<ref name="nbcnews">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2026-election/abdul-el-sayed-wins-michigans-democratic-senate-primary-notching-midwe-rcna589750|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed wins Michigan's Democratic Senate primary, notching a Midwest victory for the left|work=NBC News|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> I mí Aibreáin 2026, d'fhreastail El-Sayed ar imeachtaí feachtais i roinnt coláistí i Michigan in éineacht leis an bhFeisire Summer Lee agus leis an sruthaitheoir polaitiúil Hasan Piker; tharraing an bhaint a bhí ag Piker leis an bhfeachtas conspóid laistigh den Pháirtí Dhaonlathach féin.<ref name="enwiki" /> Ar an 4 Lúnasa 2026, bhí an lá ag El-Sayed sa deireadh ar Stevens i réamhthoghchán a bhí, uaireanta, chomh gangaideach sin gur léirigh sé féin cé chomh scoilte agus atá an Páirtí Daonlathach maidir le cá bhfuil a dtriall.<ref name="tuairisc1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-la-leis-an-dibhirceach-ar-an-eite-chle-i-ras-a-leirigh-go-bhfuil-an-pairti-daonlathach-scoilte-go-toin/|teideal=An lá leis an díbhirceach ar an eite chlé i rás a léirigh go bhfuil an Páirtí Daonlathach scoilte go tóin|dáta=2026-08-06|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Bhí El-Sayed chun tosaigh le 14,893 vóta – lú ná pointe céatadáin amháin – as os cionn 1.5 milliún vóta a comhaireadh; níor dhearbhaigh Preas Comhlach na Stát Aontaithe (AP) an rás dó go dtí gur comhaireadh beagnach na vótaí uile.<ref name="cbc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/abdul-el-sayed-haley-stevens-democratic-primary-michigan-9.7296570|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed wins Michigan's Democratic Senate primary, notching a Midwest victory for the left|work=CBC News|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Daoine óga agus liobrálaigh a bhfuil oideachas tríú leibhéal orthu is mó a mheall El-Sayed chuige.<ref name="tuairisc1" /> I ndiaidh an réamhthoghcháin, thagair El-Sayed do Mohammad Ali agus dúirt: "Bhaineamar creathadh as an saol mór."<ref name="tuairisc1" /> Rinne sé iarracht freisin teacht roimh aon phlean a bheadh ag an bPáirtí Poblachtánach leas a bhaint as a chúlra chun daoine a iompú ina choinne: "Ní hé m'ainm is cúis le praghas do gháis a bheith ag ardú," a dúirt sé. "Ní m'ainm atá á thabhairt chun cogaidh. Ní hé m'ainm an chúis nach bhfuil in acmhainn duit d'earraí grósaera a cheannach."<ref name="tuairisc1" /> I mí Lúnasa 2026 bhuaigh sé réamhthoghchán an pháirtí chéanna do Sheanad na Stát Aontaithe ar son Michigan – rás a bhí, uaireanta, chomh gangaideach sin gur léirigh sé an scoilt atá idir eite chlé agus eite mheasartha na nDaonlathach.<ref name="tuairisc1" /> Is é ainmní an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh é anois don olltoghchán i mí na Samhna 2026, in aghaidh Mike Rogers, iar-fheisire Poblachtánach; má éiríonn leis, beidh sé ar an gcéad Mhoslamach riamh a thoghfar chuig [[Seanad Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Seanad na Stát Aontaithe]].<ref name="tuairisc1" /> San olltoghchán, ar an 3 Samhain 2026, bhí El-Sayed san iomaíocht in aghaidh Mike Rogers, iar-fheisire Poblachtánach ó White Lake Township. Toghadh El-Sayed le 51% den vóta (47% do Rogers), an chéad Mhoslamach riamh a thoghfar chuig Seanad na Stát Aontaithe. == Dearcadh polaitiúil == Meastar gur forásaí é El-Sayed ar eite chlé an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh. Is é {{Lang-en|Medicare for All}} – córas cúraim sláinte aon-íocóra – an beartas is mó a bhfuil aitheantas air dó; scríobh sé féin agus Micah Johnson leabhar air. Tá sé ina bhall de cheardchumainn éagsúla – SEIU, Cónaidhm Mheiriceá na Múinteoirí, agus UAW ina measc – agus é den tuairim go bhfuil géarghá le leathnú na ceardchumannachta chun "dínit an oibrí" a chosaint i bhfianaise fhás na hintleachta saorga.<ref name="enwiki" /> Tacaíonn El-Sayed le deireadh a chur le ICE, á rá go bhfuil an ghníomhaireacht "truaillithe go smior", cé go dtacaíonn sé le slándáil na teorann le Meicsiceo agus le cineálacha áirithe forfheidhmithe teorann.<ref name="enwiki" /> Is léirmheastóir géar é El-Sayed ar iompar Iosrael i gCogadh Gaza. I bpodchraoladh i mí Eanáir 2024, thug sé "tubaiste sláinte poiblí" ar an gcogadh i Stráice Gaza agus d'éiligh sé sos cogaidh. I mí Lúnasa 2025, thug sé "cinedhíothú" ar iompar Iosrael i nGaza. Cé go bhfuil sé go ginearálta in aghaidh chúnamh míleata Mheiriceá do thíortha eachtracha, luann sé tacaíocht na Stát Aontaithe don Úcráin le linn ionradh na Rúise, agus don tSeirbia sna 1990idí, mar shamplaí d'idirghabháil thairbheach de chuid Mheiriceá. I mí an Mhárta 2022, thug sé "cogadh idir an daonlathas agus an t-uathlathas" ar chogadh na hÚcráine, agus cháin sé Uachtarán na Rúise, [[Vladimir Putin]], mar "dheachtóir údarásach".<ref name="enwiki" /> Ó thaobh an chomhshaoil de, tá sé ag éileamh 100% fuinneamh in-athnuaite do Michigan faoi 2030, agus Roinn Comhshaoil amháin a bhunú trí Roinn na nAcmhainní Nádúrtha agus Roinn Cháilíocht an Chomhshaoil a chumasc.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Saol pearsanta == Phós El-Sayed Sarah Jukaku, síciatraí, i 2006; chuir siad aithne ar a chéile agus iad araon ina mic léinn in Ollscoil Mhichigan. Tá beirt iníonacha acu, Emmalee agus Serene, agus tá cónaí orthu in [[Ann Arbor]], Michigan. Is Moslamach é El-Sayed.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="bridgemi" /> == Saothar foilsithe == * El-Sayed, Abdul (2020). ''Healing Politics: A Doctor's Journey into the Heart of Our Political Epidemic''. Nua-Eabhrac: Abrams. * El-Sayed, Abdul; Johnson, Micah (2021). ''Medicare for All: A Citizen's Guide''. Nua-Eabhrac: Oxford University Press. == Féach freisin == * [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)]] * [[Rashida Tlaib]] * [[Ilhan Omar]] * [[Gretchen Whitmer]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:El-Sayed, Abdul}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1984]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Oxford]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Michigan]] [[Catagóir:Daonlathaigh na Stát Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Mheiriceá]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe na heite chlé]] [[Catagóir:Moslamaigh]] [[Catagóir:Scoláirí agus lucht acadúil Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Lianna Meiriceánacha]] 11mu5qrl1pmk07i2zh0yzr9ny84ec39 1331833 1331823 2026-11-04T21:58:11Z TGcoa 21229 1331833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is polaiteoir, eipidéimeolaí agus dochtúir Meiriceánach é '''Abdulrahman Mohamed "Abdul" El-Sayed''' (a rugadh an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1984). Forásaí é ar eite chlé an [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh]], agus bhí sé ina oifigeach sláinte poiblí i gcathair [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]] agus i [[Contae Wayne, Michigan|gContae Wayne]]. I mí na Samhna 2026, toghadh é chuig [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe]] in [[Michigan]], nuair a fuair sé an ceann is fearr ar an bPoblachtánach Mike Rogers san olltoghchán. Beidh sé ar an gcéad Mhoslamach riamh sa Seanad. Le linn an fheachtais, rinne na Poblachtánaigh, an tUachtarán [[Donald Trump]] ina measc, ionsaithe nimhneacha ar a chreideamh agus ar a chúlra Arabach.<ref name="aljazeera">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/11/4/rejecting-hate-abdul-el-sayed-wins-senate-seat-despite-racist-attacks|teideal=‘Rejecting hate’: Abdul El-Sayed wins Senate seat despite racist attacks|work=Al Jazeera|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed.jpg|mion|220px|El-Sayed i bhFeabhra 2025, agus é ina stiúrthóir ar sheirbhísí sláinte Chontae Wayne]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 9.jpg|mion|220px|El-Sayed ag bualadh le vótálaithe agus é i mbun feachtais don Seanad, Deireadh Fómhair 2025]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El Sayed senate hearing.webm|mion|220px|El-Sayed ag tabhairt fianaise os comhair coiste de chuid an tSeanaid, Iúil 2024]] == Tús a shaoil == Rugadh El-Sayed an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1984 in Rochester Hills, bruachbhaile de chuid Detroit.<ref name="enwiki">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Abdul El-Sayed|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_El-Sayed|journal=Wikipedia|language=en|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> Inimircigh ón [[An Éigipt|Éigipt]] is ea a thuismitheoirí araon. Tógadh a athair, Mohamed, i [[Cathair Alastair|gCathair Alastair]] san Éigipt, agus tháinig sé go dtí na Stáit Aontaithe chun dochtúireacht a dhéanamh in Ollscoil Stáit Wayne. Is banaltra shíciatrach í a mháthair, Fatten Elkomy, agus tá sí ag obair in Missouri.<ref name="bridgemi">{{Cite web|url=https://bridgemi.com/michigan-government/who-is-abdul-el-sayed-what-to-know-about-michigan-democrats-us-senate-winner/|teideal=Who is Abdul El-Sayed? What to know about Michigan Democrats US Senate winner|work=Bridge Michigan|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref><ref name="enwiki" /> Fuair a thuismitheoirí colscaradh nuair a bhí sé trí bliana d'aois, agus ba iad a athair agus a leasmháthair, Jacqueline, a thóg é i gceantar Detroit. Innealtóirí is ea an bheirt acu.<ref name="bridgemi" /><ref name="enwiki" /> D'fhreastail sé ar Andover High School in Bloomfield Hills, áit a raibh sé ina chaptaen ar fhoirne coraíochta, peile Meiriceánaí agus crosógaíochta na scoile. Chríochnaigh sé an mheánscoil sa bhliain 2003.<ref name="bridgemi" /><ref name="enwiki" /> == Oideachas == Chuaigh El-Sayed ar aghaidh go hOllscoil Mhichigan, áit a ndearna sé staidéar ar an mbitheolaíocht agus ar an eolaíocht pholaitiúil, agus d'imir sé le foireann chrosógaíochta na hollscoile. Bhain sé céim bhaitsiléara amach le hardghradam in 2007, agus roghnaíodh é chun óráid na mac léinn a thabhairt ag searmanas bronnta céimeanna na hollscoile. Ba é [[Bill Clinton]], iar-Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe, a thug an phríomhóráid ag an searmanas céanna. Dúirt Clinton leis go raibh bua nádúrtha na cainte aige, agus mhol sé dó dul le polaitíocht seachas le leigheas.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdul-El-Sayed|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed|work=Encyclopaedia Britannica|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> Bronnadh scoláireacht air a chlúdaigh a tháillí teagaisc go léir i Scoil Leighis Ollscoil Mhichigan, áit ar chríochnaigh sé an chéad dá bhliain de chlár comhcheangailte MD-PhD. Le linn na tréimhse sin, threoraigh sé grúpa mac léinn ar mhisean míochaine go [[Peiriú]]. Ina dhara bliain sa scoil leighis, sa bhliain 2009, bronnadh Scoláireacht Rhodes air, agus chuaigh sé go Coláiste Oriel in [[Ollscoil Oxford]], áit ar bhain sé dochtúireacht (PhD) amach sa tsláinte phoiblí in 2011. In Oxford, bhí sé ina chaptaen ar fhoireann [[Crosógaíocht|chrosógaíochta]] na bhfear, agus bronnadh an gradam spóirt is airde de chuid na hollscoile air.<ref>Béarla: ''Full Blue''.</ref><ref name="bridgemi" /><ref name="enwiki" /> D'fhill sé ar na Stáit Aontaithe, agus bhain sé céim dochtúra leighis (MD) amach in [[Ollscoil Columbia]] sa bhliain 2014, agus é maoinithe ag Comhaltacht Paul agus Daisy Soros do Mheiriceánaigh Nua<ref>Béarla: ''Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans''.</ref> agus ag Clár Oiliúna na nEolaithe Míochaine.<ref>Béarla: ''Medical Scientist Training Program''.</ref> Ní dhearna sé an oiliúint iarchéime in ospidéal a theastaíonn chun ceadúnas leighis a fháil, agus dá bhrí sin níl cead aige cleachtadh mar dhochtúir; chuaigh sé i mbun oibre san eipidéimeolaíocht agus sa tsláinte phoiblí ina áit sin. Le linn fheachtas 2026, dúirt Mike Rogers agus cáinteoirí eile go raibh sé míthreorach dó "dochtúir" a thabhairt air féin. D'fhreagair a fheachtas go n-áirítear gach duine a bhfuil céim leighis aige ina dhochtúir, de réir Chumann Leighis Mheiriceá.<ref>Béarla: ''American Medical Association''.</ref><ref name="enwiki" /> == Gairmréim == In 2014, ceapadh El-Sayed ina ollamh cúnta i Roinn na hEipidéimeolaíochta i Scoil Sláinte Poiblí Mailman in Ollscoil Columbia, agus bhí sé ina stiúrthóir ar Chlár Eolaíocht na gCóras sa scoil. Chuir sé féin agus Sandro Galea téacsleabhar in eagar ar an ábhar sin, ''Systems Science and Population Health'', a d'fhoilsigh Oxford University Press sa bhliain 2017.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí Lúnasa 2015, cheap Méara Detroit, [[Mike Duggan]], é ina oifigeach sláinte agus ina stiúrthóir feidhmiúcháin ar Roinn Sláinte Detroit. Ní raibh sé ach 30 bliain d'aois, agus ba é an t-oifigeach sláinte ab óige in aon chathair mhór sna Stáit Aontaithe ag an am. Bhí de chúram air an roinn a atógáil: le linn fhéimheacht na cathrach in 2013, aistríodh na seirbhísí sláinte poiblí chuig eagraíocht neamhbhrabúis.<ref name="enwiki" /> Faoina stiúir, chuir an roinn i gcoinne méadú ar astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíde sulfair ó scaglann Marathon Petroleum, rud a d'fhág gur laghdaigh an comhlacht a chuid astaíochtaí. Chuir El-Sayed tástáil ar bun freisin ar leibhéil luaidhe in uisce scoileanna Detroit i ndiaidh ghéarchéim uisce Flint, chuir sé spéaclaí ar fáil saor in aisce do pháistí i scoileanna na cathrach, agus thug sé faoi athchóiriú ar Rannóg Rialaithe Ainmhithe na cathrach, a bhí i ndrochbhail.<ref name="enwiki" /> Ainmníodh é ar liosta "40 faoi bhun 40" na hirise gnó ''Crain's Detroit Business'' in 2016, agus roghnaigh an eagraíocht chomhshaoil Michigan League of Conservation Voters é mar "Oifigeach Poiblí na Bliana". Sa bhliain 2017, bhronn Ollscoil Mhichigan gradam alumni air i gcomóradh dhá chéad bliain na hollscoile. Ó 2019 i leith, tá sé ina láithreoir ar ''America Dissected with Dr. Abdul El-Sayed'', podchraoladh faoin bpolaitíocht agus faoin tsláinte phoiblí a léiríonn Crooked Media.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí na Nollag 2022, ceapadh é ina stiúrthóir ar Roinn Sláinte, Seirbhísí Daonna agus Seirbhísí Iarshaighdiúirí Chontae Wayne,<ref>Béarla: ''Wayne County Department of Health, Human and Veterans Services''.</ref> an contae is mó daonra in Michigan, ina bhfuil beagnach 1.8 milliún duine ina gcónaí. Thosaigh sé sa phost i mí an Mhárta 2023. I measc a chuid oibre ann, sheol sé clár chun suas le $700 milliún d'fhiacha míochaine a cheannach agus a chealú do thart ar 300,000 duine sa chontae; faoi Mheán Fómhair 2026, bhí thart ar $95 milliún d'fhiacha cealaithe do bhreis is 100,000 duine. Dúirt ''Bridge Michigan'', i seiceáil fíricí, go ndearna a fheachtas Seanaid áibhéil ar thorthaí an chláir nuair a dúradh gur chealaigh sé $700 milliún d'fhiacha. Chuir sé tús freisin le clár a chuir spéaclaí ar fáil do pháistí i scoileanna i gceantair ar ioncam íseal. D'éirigh sé as an bpost i mí Aibreáin 2025 chun seasamh i dtoghchán an tSeanaid.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="bridgemi" /> == Toghchán an ghobharnóra, 2018 == Ar an 25 Feabhra 2017, d'fhógair El-Sayed go mbeadh sé san iomaíocht i réamhthoghchán an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh do phost an ghobharnóra in Michigan in 2018, agus d'éirigh sé as a phost mar stiúrthóir sláinte. Dúirt sé gurbh í géarchéim uisce Flint ba mhó a spreag é chun seasamh, agus cháin sé an Gobharnóir Rick Snyder as gan aird a thabhairt ar an bpobal a bhí thíos leis an ngéarchéim sin.<ref name="enwiki" /> Gheall El-Sayed nach nglacfadh sé le síntiúis feachtais ó chomhlachtaí, agus bhailigh sé os cionn $5 milliún ó dhaoine aonair. Fuair sé tacaíocht ó [[Bernie Sanders]], ó [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] agus ó Linda Sarsour, duine d'eagraithe Mháirseáil na mBan 2017, chomh maith leis an eagraíocht Justice Democrats agus leis an iris ''The Nation''. Sa réamhthoghchán ar an 7 Lúnasa 2018, fuair sé thart ar 30% de na vótaí, agus bhuaigh [[Gretchen Whitmer]] an t-ainmniúchán, 21 phointe céatadáin chun tosaigh air.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="cbc" /> I mí Mheán Fómhair 2018, bhunaigh El-Sayed coiste gníomhaíochta polaitiúla (PAC)<ref>Béarla: ''political action committee''.</ref> dar ainm Southpaw Michigan, chun cabhrú le hiarrthóirí forásacha agus le tionscnaimh vótála in Michigan. Sa bhliain 2020, bhí sé ina bhall den tascfhórsa aontachta a bhunaigh Joe Biden agus Bernie Sanders ar chúrsaí cúraim sláinte.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Toghchán an tSeanaid, 2026 == === An réamhthoghchán === I mí Aibreáin 2025, d'fhógair El-Sayed go mbeadh sé ag lorg ainmniúchán an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh do Sheanad na Stát Aontaithe, tar éis don Seanadóir reatha, Gary Peters, a fhógairt nach seasfadh sé arís. Bhí sé san iomaíocht in aghaidh Haley Stevens, feisire comhdhála, agus Mallory McMorrow, seanadóir stáit, i measc daoine eile; tharraing McMorrow siar as an rás i mí Iúil 2026.<ref name="enwiki" /> Rith El-Sayed feachtas ar chlár forásach: ''Medicare for All'', deireadh a chur leis an ngníomhaireacht inimirce ICE agus le cúnamh míleata d'Iosrael, agus athchóiriú ar mhaoiniú na bhfeachtas. Níor ghlac sé le síntiúis ó choistí gníomhaíochta polaitiúla, ach ó dhaoine aonair amháin. Thacaigh Bernie Sanders agus Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez leis arís.<ref name="cbc" /><ref name="nbcnews">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2026-election/abdul-el-sayed-wins-michigans-democratic-senate-primary-notching-midwe-rcna589750|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed wins Michigan's Democratic Senate primary, notching a Midwest victory for the left|work=NBC News|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Sheas bunaíocht an pháirtí le Stevens; ina measc bhí an Gobharnóir Whitmer, an Seanadóir Peters agus Chuck Schumer, ceannaire na nDaonlathach sa Seanad. Ar an 24 Iúil a thacaigh Whitmer léi, agus measadh gur iarracht dheireanach a bhí ann chun bac a chur ar El-Sayed, a bhí ag dul i dtreise. Caitheadh beagnach $65 milliún d'airgead ó ghrúpaí seachtracha ina choinne. Chaith grúpa a bhaineann le AIPAC, an brúghrúpa atá ar thaobh Iosrael, breis is $30 milliún ag tacú le Stevens – an caiteachas ba mhó a rinne AIPAC riamh i rás aonair.<ref name="nbcnews" /><ref name="cbc" /> I mí Aibreáin 2026, reáchtáil El-Sayed imeachtaí feachtais ar roinnt campas ollscoile in Michigan in éineacht leis an bhFeisire Summer Lee agus leis an tráchtaire polaitíochta Hasan Piker, atá ar an eite chlé. Cháin Daonlathaigh mheasartha agus a chéilí comhraic sa réamhthoghchán an bhaint a bhí aige le Piker, mar gheall ar ráitis a rinne Piker roimhe sin faoi Hamas agus faoi ionsaithe an 11 Meán Fómhair 2001. Dúirt El-Sayed nach raibh sé ar aon intinn le Piker i ngach rud, agus i mí Lúnasa 2026 dúirt sé nach raibh sé beartaithe aige dul i mbun feachtais leis arís.<ref name="enwiki" /> Ar an 4 Lúnasa 2026, bhí an lá ag El-Sayed ar Stevens i réamhthoghchán a bhí chomh gangaideach sin uaireanta gur léirigh sé go raibh an Páirtí Daonlathach scoilte go tóin faoin treo ba cheart dó a ghlacadh.<ref name="tuairisc1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-la-leis-an-dibhirceach-ar-an-eite-chle-i-ras-a-leirigh-go-bhfuil-an-pairti-daonlathach-scoilte-go-toin/|teideal=An lá leis an díbhirceach ar an eite chlé i rás a léirigh go bhfuil an Páirtí Daonlathach scoilte go tóin|dáta=2026-08-06|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Bhí an rás chomh cóngarach sin nach raibh an bua cinnte go dtí gur comhaireadh beagnach na vótaí uile. Nuair a d'fhógair an Associated Press (AP) maidin an 5 Lúnasa gurbh é El-Sayed a bhuaigh, bhí sé chun tosaigh le 14,893 vóta – beagán faoi phointe céatadáin amháin – as breis is 1.5 milliún vóta a comhaireadh.<ref name="cbc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/abdul-el-sayed-haley-stevens-democratic-primary-michigan-9.7296570|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed wins Michigan's Democratic Senate primary in major victory for party's progressive wing|work=CBC News|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> Sa toradh oifigiúil, fuair El-Sayed 48.45% den vóta agus Stevens 47.55%.<ref name="enwiki-toghchan">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=2026 United States Senate election in Michigan|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_Senate_election_in_Michigan|journal=Wikipedia|language=en|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> Daoine óga agus liobrálaigh a bhfuil oideachas tríú leibhéal orthu is mó a mheall El-Sayed chuige.<ref name="tuairisc1" /> "Faoi mar a dúirt [[Muhammad Ali]], 'Bhaineamar creathadh as an saol mór'," a dúirt El-Sayed i ndiaidh an réamhthoghcháin.<ref name="tuairisc1" /> Rinne sé iarracht freisin teacht roimh aon phlean a bheadh ag an bPáirtí Poblachtánach leas a bhaint as a chúlra chun daoine a iompú ina choinne: "Ní hé m'ainm is cúis le praghas do pheitril a bheith ag ardú," a dúirt sé. "Ní hé m'ainm atá dár dtabhairt chun cogaidh. Ní hé m'ainm an chúis nach bhfuil in acmhainn duit d'earraí grósaera a cheannach."<ref name="tuairisc1" /> === An t-olltoghchán === San olltoghchán, bhí El-Sayed san iomaíocht in aghaidh Mike Rogers, iar-fheisire comhdhála Poblachtánach as White Lake Township. Tháinig tonn de chaint fhrith-Mhoslamach chun cinn i ndiaidh an réamhthoghcháin. I mí Mheán Fómhair, dúirt Rogers, gan aon fhianaise, gur gheall El-Sayed a thacaíocht don [[An Bráithreachas Moslamach|Bhráithreachas Moslamach]] agus go raibh a fheachtas á mhaoiniú ag "grúpaí sceimhlitheoireachta" Moslamacha; níor aimsigh seiceálaithe fíricí aon fhianaise do cheachtar den dá éileamh. Thug Trump "Mohammed" air arís agus arís eile, agus chuir sé síos air mar "jiohádach" agus mar dhuine a bhí báúil leis na sceimhlitheoirí. D'fhreagair El-Sayed go raibh Trump ag iarraidh a ainm agus a chreideamh a úsáid chun aird an phobail a tharraingt ón bhfulaingt a bhí a chuid beartas ag cur ar dhaoine.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="aljazeera" /> Thacaigh [[Kamala Harris]] leis i mí Mheán Fómhair, agus labhair an t-iar-Uachtarán [[Barack Obama]] ag slógadh ar a shon in Detroit ar an 24 Deireadh Fómhair. Dhá lá roimh an toghchán, bhain Haley Stevens geit as na Daonlathaigh nuair a thacaigh sí le Rogers.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="enwiki-toghchan" /> Ar an 3 Samhain 2026, bhuaigh El-Sayed ar Rogers.<ref name="npr">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2026/11/04/g-s1-150029/michigan-senate-race-abdul-el-sayed-mike-rogers|teideal=Democrat Abdul El-Sayed defeats Republican Mike Rogers in key Michigan Senate race|work=NPR|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref><ref name="tuairisc2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/bua-stairiuil-ag-na-daonlathaigh-teip-a-mbeidh-tracht-sa-stair-uirthi-do-trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh/|teideal=Bua stairiúil ag na Daonlathaigh, teip a mbeidh trácht sa stair uirthi do Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh|dáta=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> De réir na dtorthaí neamhoifigiúla, nuair a bhí breis is 97% de na vótaí comhairthe, bhí 52.5% den vóta aige agus 45.5% ag Rogers.<ref name="enwiki-toghchan" /> Beidh sé ar an gcéad Mhoslamach riamh i Seanad na Stát Aontaithe, agus ar an gcéad Mheiriceánach de bhunadh Éigipteach a toghadh chuige. Glacfaidh sé a shuíochán ar an 3 Eanáir 2027.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="aljazeera" /> == Dearcadh polaitiúil == Meastar gur forásaí agus pobalóir eacnamaíochta é El-Sayed ar eite chlé an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh. Is é ''Medicare for All'' an beartas is mó a shamhlaítear leis: córas árachais sláinte íocóra aonair, á reáchtáil ag an rialtas, a thabharfadh árachas sláinte do gach Meiriceánach. Scríobh sé leabhar faoi i gcomhar le Micah Johnson. Bhí sé ina bhall de roinnt ceardchumann, SEIU, AFT agus UAW ina measc, agus deir sé go bhfuil gá le níos mó ceardchumann chun "dínit an oibrí" a chosaint i bhfianaise fhás na hintleachta saorga.<ref name="enwiki" /> Tacaíonn El-Sayed le deireadh a chur le ICE, á rá go bhfuil an ghníomhaireacht "truaillithe go smior", cé go dtacaíonn sé le slándáil na teorann le Meicsiceo agus le "cineálacha áirithe" d'fhorfheidhmiú dlí ag an teorainn.<ref name="enwiki" /> Cáineann El-Sayed go géar iompar Iosrael i gcogadh Gaza, agus tugann sé cinedhíothú air. I bpodchraoladh i mí Eanáir 2024, thug sé "tubaiste sláinte poiblí" ar an gcogadh i [[Stráice Gaza]] agus d'éiligh sé sos cogaidh. Cé go bhfuil sé go ginearálta in aghaidh chúnamh míleata Mheiriceá do thíortha eachtracha, luann sé gníomhartha na Stát Aontaithe le linn [[Ionradh na Rúise ar an Úcráin|ionradh na Rúise ar an Úcráin]], agus sa tSeirbia sna 1990idí, mar shamplaí d'idirghabháil thairbheach de chuid Mheiriceá. I mí an Mhárta 2022, thug sé "cogadh idir an daonlathas agus an t-uathlathas, idir an féinrialtas agus an faisisteachas" ar an gcogadh san Úcráin, agus cháin sé Uachtarán na Rúise, [[Vladimir Putin]], mar "dheachtóir údarásach".<ref name="enwiki" /> Maidir leis an gcomhshaol, d'éiligh sé go gcuirfí dlíthe comhshaoil i bhfeidhm níos déine, go mbeadh Michigan ag brath go hiomlán ar fhuinneamh in-athnuaite faoi 2030, agus go gcumascfaí an dá roinn stáit atá freagrach as acmhainní nádúrtha agus as cáilíocht an chomhshaoil in aon "Roinn Comhshaoil" amháin.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Saol pearsanta == Phós El-Sayed Sarah Jukaku, síciatraí, in 2006; chuir siad aithne ar a chéile agus iad araon ina mic léinn in Ollscoil Mhichigan. Tá beirt iníonacha acu, Emmalee agus Serene, agus tá cónaí orthu in [[Ann Arbor]], Michigan. Is Moslamach é El-Sayed.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="bridgemi" /> == Saothar foilsithe == * El-Sayed, Abdulrahman; Galea, Sandro (eag.) (2017). ''Systems Science and Population Health''. Nua-Eabhrac: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-049241-0}}. * El-Sayed, Abdul (2020). ''Healing Politics: A Doctor's Journey into the Heart of Our Political Epidemic''. Nua-Eabhrac: Abrams. {{ISBN|978-1-4197-4302-3}}. * El-Sayed, Abdul; Johnson, Micah (2021). ''Medicare for All: A Citizen's Guide''. Nua-Eabhrac: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-005662-9}}. == Féach freisin == * [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)]] * [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe]] * [[Bernie Sanders]] * [[Rashida Tlaib]] * [[Ilhan Omar]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:El-Sayed, Abdul}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1984]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Oxford]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Michigan]] [[Catagóir:Daonlathaigh na Stát Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Mheiriceá]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe na heite chlé]] [[Catagóir:Moslamaigh]] [[Catagóir:Scoláirí agus lucht acadúil Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Lianna Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Columbia]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Mhichigan]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí Meiriceánacha an 21ú haois]] [[Catagóir:Podchraoltóirí Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Eipidéimeolaithe Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Scoláirí Rhodes]] 5hpewrk594czoi025toy1vksog139fg 1331834 1331833 2026-11-04T22:02:59Z TGcoa 21229 1331834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is polaiteoir, eipidéimeolaí agus dochtúir Meiriceánach é '''Abdulrahman Mohamed "Abdul" El-Sayed''' (a rugadh an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1984). Forásaí é ar eite chlé an [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh]], agus bhí sé ina oifigeach sláinte poiblí i gcathair [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]] agus i [[Contae Wayne, Michigan|gContae Wayne]]. I mí na Samhna 2026, toghadh é chuig [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe]] in [[Michigan]], nuair a fuair sé an ceann is fearr ar an bPoblachtánach Mike Rogers san olltoghchán. Tá sé ar an gcéad Mhoslamach riamh sa Seanad. Le linn an fheachtais, rinne na Poblachtánaigh, an tUachtarán [[Donald Trump]] ina measc, ionsaithe nimhneacha ar a chreideamh agus ar a chúlra Arabach.<ref name="aljazeera">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/11/4/rejecting-hate-abdul-el-sayed-wins-senate-seat-despite-racist-attacks|teideal=‘Rejecting hate’: Abdul El-Sayed wins Senate seat despite racist attacks|work=Al Jazeera|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed.jpg|mion|220px|El-Sayed i bhFeabhra 2025, agus é ina stiúrthóir ar sheirbhísí sláinte Chontae Wayne]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 9.jpg|mion|220px|El-Sayed ag bualadh le vótálaithe agus é i mbun feachtais don Seanad, Deireadh Fómhair 2025]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El Sayed senate hearing.webm|mion|220px|El-Sayed ag tabhairt fianaise os comhair coiste de chuid an tSeanaid, Iúil 2024]] == Tús a shaoil == Rugadh El-Sayed an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1984 in Rochester Hills, bruachbhaile de chuid Detroit.<ref name="enwiki">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Abdul El-Sayed|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_El-Sayed|journal=Wikipedia|language=en|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> Inimircigh ón [[An Éigipt|Éigipt]] is ea a thuismitheoirí araon. Tógadh a athair, Mohamed, i [[Cathair Alastair|gCathair Alastair]] san Éigipt, agus tháinig sé go dtí na Stáit Aontaithe chun dochtúireacht a dhéanamh in Ollscoil Stáit Wayne. Is banaltra shíciatrach í a mháthair, Fatten Elkomy, agus tá sí ag obair in Missouri.<ref name="bridgemi">{{Cite web|url=https://bridgemi.com/michigan-government/who-is-abdul-el-sayed-what-to-know-about-michigan-democrats-us-senate-winner/|teideal=Who is Abdul El-Sayed? What to know about Michigan Democrats US Senate winner|work=Bridge Michigan|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref><ref name="enwiki" /> Fuair a thuismitheoirí colscaradh nuair a bhí sé trí bliana d'aois, agus ba iad a athair agus a leasmháthair, Jacqueline, a thóg é i gceantar Detroit. Innealtóirí is ea an bheirt acu.<ref name="bridgemi" /><ref name="enwiki" /> D'fhreastail sé ar Andover High School in Bloomfield Hills, áit a raibh sé ina chaptaen ar fhoirne coraíochta, peile Meiriceánaí agus crosógaíochta na scoile. Chríochnaigh sé an mheánscoil sa bhliain 2003.<ref name="bridgemi" /><ref name="enwiki" /> == Oideachas == Chuaigh El-Sayed ar aghaidh go hOllscoil Michigan, áit a ndearna sé staidéar ar an mbitheolaíocht agus ar an eolaíocht pholaitiúil, agus d'imir sé le foireann chrosógaíochta na hollscoile. Bhain sé céim bhaitsiléara amach le hardghradam in 2007, agus roghnaíodh é chun óráid na mac léinn a thabhairt ag searmanas bronnta céimeanna na hollscoile. Ba é [[Bill Clinton]], iar-Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe, a thug an phríomhóráid ag an searmanas céanna. Dúirt Clinton leis go raibh bua nádúrtha na cainte aige, agus mhol sé dó dul le polaitíocht seachas le leigheas.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdul-El-Sayed|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed|work=Encyclopaedia Britannica|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> Bronnadh scoláireacht air a chlúdaigh a tháillí teagaisc go léir i Scoil Leighis Ollscoil Michigan, áit ar chríochnaigh sé an chéad dá bhliain de chlár comhcheangailte MD-PhD. Le linn na tréimhse sin, threoraigh sé grúpa mac léinn ar mhisean míochaine go [[Peiriú]]. Ina dhara bliain sa scoil leighis, sa bhliain 2009, bronnadh Scoláireacht Rhodes air, agus chuaigh sé go Coláiste Oriel in [[Ollscoil Oxford]], áit ar bhain sé dochtúireacht (PhD) amach sa tsláinte phoiblí in 2011. In Oxford, bhí sé ina chaptaen ar fhoireann [[Crosógaíocht|chrosógaíochta]] na bhfear, agus bronnadh an gradam spóirt is airde de chuid na hollscoile air.<ref>Béarla: ''Full Blue''.</ref><ref name="bridgemi" /><ref name="enwiki" /> D'fhill sé ar na Stáit Aontaithe, agus bhain sé céim dochtúra leighis (MD) amach in [[Ollscoil Columbia]] sa bhliain 2014, agus é maoinithe ag Comhaltacht Paul agus Daisy Soros do Mheiriceánaigh Nua<ref>Béarla: ''Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans''.</ref> agus ag Clár Oiliúna na nEolaithe Míochaine.<ref>Béarla: ''Medical Scientist Training Program''.</ref> Ní dhearna sé an oiliúint iarchéime in ospidéal a theastaíonn chun ceadúnas leighis a fháil, agus dá bhrí sin níl cead aige cleachtadh mar dhochtúir; chuaigh sé i mbun oibre san eipidéimeolaíocht agus sa tsláinte phoiblí ina áit sin. Le linn fheachtas 2026, dúirt Mike Rogers agus cáinteoirí eile go raibh sé míthreorach dó "dochtúir" a thabhairt air féin. D'fhreagair a fheachtas go n-áirítear gach duine a bhfuil céim leighis aige ina dhochtúir, de réir Chumann Leighis Mheiriceá.<ref>Béarla: ''American Medical Association''.</ref><ref name="enwiki" /> == Gairmréim == In 2014, ceapadh El-Sayed ina ollamh cúnta i Roinn na hEipidéimeolaíochta i Scoil Sláinte Poiblí Mailman in Ollscoil Columbia, agus bhí sé ina stiúrthóir ar Chlár Eolaíocht na gCóras sa scoil. Chuir sé féin agus Sandro Galea téacsleabhar in eagar ar an ábhar sin, ''Systems Science and Population Health'', a d'fhoilsigh Oxford University Press sa bhliain 2017.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí Lúnasa 2015, cheap Méara Detroit, [[Mike Duggan]], é ina oifigeach sláinte agus ina stiúrthóir feidhmiúcháin ar Roinn Sláinte Detroit. Ní raibh sé ach 30 bliain d'aois, agus ba é an t-oifigeach sláinte ab óige in aon chathair mhór sna Stáit Aontaithe ag an am. Bhí de chúram air an roinn a atógáil: le linn fhéimheacht na cathrach in 2013, aistríodh na seirbhísí sláinte poiblí chuig eagraíocht neamhbhrabúis.<ref name="enwiki" /> Faoina stiúir, chuir an roinn i gcoinne méadú ar astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíde sulfair ó scaglann Marathon Petroleum, rud a d'fhág gur laghdaigh an comhlacht a chuid astaíochtaí. Chuir El-Sayed tástáil ar bun freisin ar leibhéil luaidhe in uisce scoileanna Detroit i ndiaidh ghéarchéim uisce Flint, chuir sé spéaclaí ar fáil saor in aisce do pháistí i scoileanna na cathrach, agus thug sé faoi athchóiriú ar Rannóg Rialaithe Ainmhithe na cathrach, a bhí i ndrochbhail.<ref name="enwiki" /> Ainmníodh é ar liosta "40 faoi bhun 40" na hirise gnó ''Crain's Detroit Business'' in 2016, agus roghnaigh an eagraíocht chomhshaoil Michigan League of Conservation Voters é mar "Oifigeach Poiblí na Bliana". Sa bhliain 2017, bhronn Ollscoil Michigan gradam alumni air i gcomóradh dhá chéad bliain na hollscoile. Ó 2019 i leith, tá sé ina láithreoir ar ''America Dissected with Dr. Abdul El-Sayed'', podchraoladh faoin bpolaitíocht agus faoin tsláinte phoiblí a léiríonn Crooked Media.<ref name="enwiki" /> I mí na Nollag 2022, ceapadh é ina stiúrthóir ar Roinn Sláinte, Seirbhísí Daonna agus Seirbhísí Iarshaighdiúirí Chontae Wayne,<ref>Béarla: ''Wayne County Department of Health, Human and Veterans Services''.</ref> an contae is mó daonra in Michigan, ina bhfuil beagnach 1.8 milliún duine ina gcónaí. Thosaigh sé sa phost i mí an Mhárta 2023. I measc a chuid oibre ann, sheol sé clár chun suas le $700 milliún d'fhiacha míochaine a cheannach agus a chealú do thart ar 300,000 duine sa chontae; faoi Mheán Fómhair 2026, bhí thart ar $95 milliún d'fhiacha cealaithe do bhreis is 100,000 duine. Dúirt ''Bridge Michigan'', i seiceáil fíricí, go ndearna a fheachtas Seanaid áibhéil ar thorthaí an chláir nuair a dúradh gur chealaigh sé $700 milliún d'fhiacha. Chuir sé tús freisin le clár a chuir spéaclaí ar fáil do pháistí i scoileanna i gceantair ar ioncam íseal. D'éirigh sé as an bpost i mí Aibreáin 2025 chun seasamh i dtoghchán an tSeanaid.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="bridgemi" /> == Toghchán an ghobharnóra, 2018 == Ar an 25 Feabhra 2017, d'fhógair El-Sayed go mbeadh sé san iomaíocht i réamhthoghchán an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh do phost an ghobharnóra in Michigan in 2018, agus d'éirigh sé as a phost mar stiúrthóir sláinte. Dúirt sé gurbh í géarchéim uisce Flint ba mhó a spreag é chun seasamh, agus cháin sé an Gobharnóir Rick Snyder as gan aird a thabhairt ar an bpobal a bhí thíos leis an ngéarchéim sin.<ref name="enwiki" /> Gheall El-Sayed nach nglacfadh sé le síntiúis feachtais ó chomhlachtaí, agus bhailigh sé os cionn $5 milliún ó dhaoine aonair. Fuair sé tacaíocht ó [[Bernie Sanders]], ó [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] agus ó Linda Sarsour, duine d'eagraithe Mháirseáil na mBan 2017, chomh maith leis an eagraíocht Justice Democrats agus leis an iris ''The Nation''. Sa réamhthoghchán ar an 7 Lúnasa 2018, fuair sé thart ar 30% de na vótaí, agus bhuaigh [[Gretchen Whitmer]] an t-ainmniúchán, 21 phointe céatadáin chun tosaigh air.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="cbc" /> I mí Mheán Fómhair 2018, bhunaigh El-Sayed coiste gníomhaíochta polaitiúla (PAC)<ref>Béarla: ''political action committee''.</ref> dar ainm Southpaw Michigan, chun cabhrú le hiarrthóirí forásacha agus le tionscnaimh vótála in Michigan. Sa bhliain 2020, bhí sé ina bhall den tascfhórsa aontachta a bhunaigh Joe Biden agus Bernie Sanders ar chúrsaí cúraim sláinte.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Toghchán an tSeanaid, 2026 == === An réamhthoghchán === I mí Aibreáin 2025, d'fhógair El-Sayed go mbeadh sé ag lorg ainmniúchán an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh do Sheanad na Stát Aontaithe, tar éis don Seanadóir reatha, Gary Peters, a fhógairt nach seasfadh sé arís. Bhí sé san iomaíocht in aghaidh Haley Stevens, feisire comhdhála, agus Mallory McMorrow, seanadóir stáit, i measc daoine eile; tharraing McMorrow siar as an rás i mí Iúil 2026.<ref name="enwiki" /> Rith El-Sayed feachtas ar chlár forásach: ''Medicare for All'', deireadh a chur leis an ngníomhaireacht inimirce ICE agus le cúnamh míleata d'Iosrael, agus athchóiriú ar mhaoiniú na bhfeachtas. Níor ghlac sé le síntiúis ó choistí gníomhaíochta polaitiúla, ach ó dhaoine aonair amháin. Thacaigh Bernie Sanders agus Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez leis arís.<ref name="cbc" /><ref name="nbcnews">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2026-election/abdul-el-sayed-wins-michigans-democratic-senate-primary-notching-midwe-rcna589750|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed wins Michigan's Democratic Senate primary, notching a Midwest victory for the left|work=NBC News|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Sheas bunaíocht an pháirtí le Stevens; ina measc bhí an Gobharnóir Whitmer, an Seanadóir Peters agus Chuck Schumer, ceannaire na nDaonlathach sa Seanad. Ar an 24 Iúil a thacaigh Whitmer léi, agus measadh gur iarracht dheireanach a bhí ann chun bac a chur ar El-Sayed, a bhí ag dul i dtreise. Caitheadh beagnach $65 milliún d'airgead ó ghrúpaí seachtracha ina choinne. Chaith grúpa a bhaineann le AIPAC, an brúghrúpa atá ar thaobh Iosrael, breis is $30 milliún ag tacú le Stevens – an caiteachas ba mhó a rinne AIPAC riamh i rás aonair.<ref name="nbcnews" /><ref name="cbc" /> I mí Aibreáin 2026, reáchtáil El-Sayed imeachtaí feachtais ar roinnt campas ollscoile in Michigan in éineacht leis an bhFeisire Summer Lee agus leis an tráchtaire polaitíochta Hasan Piker, atá ar an eite chlé. Cháin Daonlathaigh mheasartha agus a chéilí comhraic sa réamhthoghchán an bhaint a bhí aige le Piker, mar gheall ar ráitis a rinne Piker roimhe sin faoi Hamas agus faoi ionsaithe an 11 Meán Fómhair 2001. Dúirt El-Sayed nach raibh sé ar aon intinn le Piker i ngach rud, agus i mí Lúnasa 2026 dúirt sé nach raibh sé beartaithe aige dul i mbun feachtais leis arís.<ref name="enwiki" /> Ar an 4 Lúnasa 2026, bhí an lá ag El-Sayed ar Stevens i réamhthoghchán a bhí chomh gangaideach sin uaireanta gur léirigh sé go raibh an Páirtí Daonlathach scoilte go tóin faoin treo ba cheart dó a ghlacadh.<ref name="tuairisc1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-la-leis-an-dibhirceach-ar-an-eite-chle-i-ras-a-leirigh-go-bhfuil-an-pairti-daonlathach-scoilte-go-toin/|teideal=An lá leis an díbhirceach ar an eite chlé i rás a léirigh go bhfuil an Páirtí Daonlathach scoilte go tóin|dáta=2026-08-06|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-08-09}}</ref> Bhí an rás chomh cóngarach sin nach raibh an bua cinnte go dtí gur comhaireadh beagnach na vótaí uile. Nuair a d'fhógair an Associated Press (AP) maidin an 5 Lúnasa gurbh é El-Sayed a bhuaigh, bhí sé chun tosaigh le 14,893 vóta – beagán faoi phointe céatadáin amháin – as breis is 1.5 milliún vóta a comhaireadh.<ref name="cbc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/abdul-el-sayed-haley-stevens-democratic-primary-michigan-9.7296570|teideal=Abdul El-Sayed wins Michigan's Democratic Senate primary in major victory for party's progressive wing|work=CBC News|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> Sa toradh oifigiúil, fuair El-Sayed 48.45% den vóta agus Stevens 47.55%.<ref name="enwiki-toghchan">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=2026 United States Senate election in Michigan|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_Senate_election_in_Michigan|journal=Wikipedia|language=en|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> Daoine óga agus liobrálaigh a bhfuil oideachas tríú leibhéal orthu is mó a mheall El-Sayed chuige.<ref name="tuairisc1" /> "Faoi mar a dúirt [[Muhammad Ali]], 'Bhaineamar creathadh as an saol mór'," a dúirt El-Sayed i ndiaidh an réamhthoghcháin.<ref name="tuairisc1" /> Rinne sé iarracht freisin teacht roimh aon phlean a bheadh ag an bPáirtí Poblachtánach leas a bhaint as a chúlra chun daoine a iompú ina choinne: "Ní hé m'ainm is cúis le praghas do pheitril a bheith ag ardú," a dúirt sé. "Ní hé m'ainm atá dár dtabhairt chun cogaidh. Ní hé m'ainm an chúis nach bhfuil in acmhainn duit d'earraí grósaera a cheannach."<ref name="tuairisc1" /> === An t-olltoghchán === San olltoghchán, bhí El-Sayed san iomaíocht in aghaidh Mike Rogers, iar-fheisire comhdhála Poblachtánach as White Lake Township. Tháinig tonn de chaint fhrith-Mhoslamach chun cinn i ndiaidh an réamhthoghcháin. I mí Mheán Fómhair, dúirt Rogers, gan aon fhianaise, gur gheall El-Sayed a thacaíocht don [[An Bráithreachas Moslamach|Bhráithreachas Moslamach]] agus go raibh a fheachtas á mhaoiniú ag "grúpaí sceimhlitheoireachta" Moslamacha; níor aimsigh seiceálaithe fíricí aon fhianaise do cheachtar den dá éileamh. Thug Trump "Mohammed" air arís agus arís eile, agus chuir sé síos air mar "jiohádach" agus mar dhuine a bhí báúil leis na sceimhlitheoirí. D'fhreagair El-Sayed go raibh Trump ag iarraidh a ainm agus a chreideamh a úsáid chun aird an phobail a tharraingt ón bhfulaingt a bhí a chuid beartas ag cur ar dhaoine.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="aljazeera" /> Thacaigh [[Kamala Harris]] leis i mí Mheán Fómhair, agus labhair an t-iar-Uachtarán [[Barack Obama]] ag slógadh ar a shon in Detroit ar an 24 Deireadh Fómhair. Dhá lá roimh an toghchán, bhain Haley Stevens geit as na Daonlathaigh nuair a thacaigh sí le Rogers.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="enwiki-toghchan" /> Ar an 3 Samhain 2026, bhuaigh El-Sayed ar Rogers.<ref name="npr">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2026/11/04/g-s1-150029/michigan-senate-race-abdul-el-sayed-mike-rogers|teideal=Democrat Abdul El-Sayed defeats Republican Mike Rogers in key Michigan Senate race|work=NPR|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref><ref name="tuairisc2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/bua-stairiuil-ag-na-daonlathaigh-teip-a-mbeidh-tracht-sa-stair-uirthi-do-trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh/|teideal=Bua stairiúil ag na Daonlathaigh, teip a mbeidh trácht sa stair uirthi do Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh|dáta=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> De réir na dtorthaí neamhoifigiúla, nuair a bhí breis is 97% de na vótaí comhairthe, bhí 52.5% den vóta aige agus 45.5% ag Rogers.<ref name="enwiki-toghchan" /> Beidh sé ar an gcéad Mhoslamach riamh i Seanad na Stát Aontaithe, agus ar an gcéad Mheiriceánach de bhunadh Éigipteach a toghadh chuige. Glacfaidh sé a shuíochán ar an 3 Eanáir 2027.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="aljazeera" /> == Dearcadh polaitiúil == Meastar gur forásaí agus pobalóir eacnamaíochta é El-Sayed ar eite chlé an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh. Is é ''Medicare for All'' an beartas is mó a shamhlaítear leis: córas árachais sláinte íocóra aonair, á reáchtáil ag an rialtas, a thabharfadh árachas sláinte do gach Meiriceánach. Scríobh sé leabhar faoi i gcomhar le Micah Johnson. Bhí sé ina bhall de roinnt ceardchumann, SEIU, AFT agus UAW ina measc, agus deir sé go bhfuil gá le níos mó ceardchumann chun "dínit an oibrí" a chosaint i bhfianaise fhás na hintleachta saorga.<ref name="enwiki" /> Tacaíonn El-Sayed le deireadh a chur le ICE, á rá go bhfuil an ghníomhaireacht "truaillithe go smior", cé go dtacaíonn sé le slándáil na teorann le Meicsiceo agus le "cineálacha áirithe" d'fhorfheidhmiú dlí ag an teorainn.<ref name="enwiki" /> Cáineann El-Sayed go géar iompar Iosrael i gcogadh Gaza, agus tugann sé cinedhíothú air. I bpodchraoladh i mí Eanáir 2024, thug sé "tubaiste sláinte poiblí" ar an gcogadh i [[Stráice Gaza]] agus d'éiligh sé sos cogaidh. Cé go bhfuil sé go ginearálta in aghaidh chúnamh míleata Mheiriceá do thíortha eachtracha, luann sé gníomhartha na Stát Aontaithe le linn [[Ionradh na Rúise ar an Úcráin|ionradh na Rúise ar an Úcráin]], agus sa tSeirbia sna 1990idí, mar shamplaí d'idirghabháil thairbheach de chuid Mheiriceá. I mí an Mhárta 2022, thug sé "cogadh idir an daonlathas agus an t-uathlathas, idir an féinrialtas agus an faisisteachas" ar an gcogadh san Úcráin, agus cháin sé Uachtarán na Rúise, [[Vladimir Putin]], mar "dheachtóir údarásach".<ref name="enwiki" /> Maidir leis an gcomhshaol, d'éiligh sé go gcuirfí dlíthe comhshaoil i bhfeidhm níos déine, go mbeadh Michigan ag brath go hiomlán ar fhuinneamh in-athnuaite faoi 2030, agus go gcumascfaí an dá roinn stáit atá freagrach as acmhainní nádúrtha agus as cáilíocht an chomhshaoil in aon "Roinn Comhshaoil" amháin.<ref name="enwiki" /> == Saol pearsanta == Phós El-Sayed Sarah Jukaku, síciatraí, in 2006; chuir siad aithne ar a chéile agus iad araon ina mic léinn in Ollscoil Michigan. Tá beirt iníonacha acu, Emmalee agus Serene, agus tá cónaí orthu in [[Ann Arbor]], Michigan. Is Moslamach é El-Sayed.<ref name="enwiki" /><ref name="bridgemi" /> == Saothar foilsithe == * El-Sayed, Abdulrahman; Galea, Sandro (eag.) (2017). ''Systems Science and Population Health''. Nua-Eabhrac: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-049241-0}}. * El-Sayed, Abdul (2020). ''Healing Politics: A Doctor's Journey into the Heart of Our Political Epidemic''. Nua-Eabhrac: Abrams. {{ISBN|978-1-4197-4302-3}}. * El-Sayed, Abdul; Johnson, Micah (2021). ''Medicare for All: A Citizen's Guide''. Nua-Eabhrac: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-005662-9}}. == Féach freisin == * [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)]] * [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe]] * [[Bernie Sanders]] * [[Rashida Tlaib]] * [[Ilhan Omar]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:El-Sayed, Abdul}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1984]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Oxford]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Michigan]] [[Catagóir:Daonlathaigh na Stát Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Mheiriceá]] [[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe na heite chlé]] [[Catagóir:Moslamaigh]] [[Catagóir:Scoláirí agus lucht acadúil Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Lianna Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Columbia]] [[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Mhichigan]] [[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí Meiriceánacha an 21ú haois]] [[Catagóir:Podchraoltóirí Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Eipidéimeolaithe Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Scoláirí Rhodes]] 7f3wg7ni2tkgrq6j0vgqigdl952sybx 4 127597 1331809 1330987 2026-11-04T18:22:12Z Ériugena 188 /* 🗺️ Cad atá beartaithe */ 1331809 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="border:2px solid #305D70; border-radius:8px; padding:10px 16px; margin-bottom:1em; display:flex; align-items:center; gap:16px; flex-wrap:wrap;"> [[Íomhá:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ga.svg|70px|alt=Lógó na Vicipéide|link=]] <div><span style="font-size:160%; font-weight:bold;">Slí na Vicipéideoirí</span><br /><span style="font-size:115%;">Oiliúint d'eagarthóirí ar an Vicipéid</span><br /><span style="font-size:90%;">🚧 Leathanach oibre: fós á thógáil</span></div> </div> <div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px; margin-bottom:1.5em;"> <div style="border:2px solid #305D70; border-radius:6px; padding:6px 14px; font-weight:bold;">[[#culra|📖 Cúlra]]</div> <div style="border:2px solid #0E65C0; border-radius:6px; padding:6px 14px; font-weight:bold;">[[#beartaithe|🗺️ Na modúil]]</div> <div style="border:2px solid #308557; border-radius:6px; padding:6px 14px; font-weight:bold;">[[#cabhru|🤝 Cuidigh linn]]</div> <div style="border:2px solid #5748B5; border-radius:6px; padding:6px 14px; font-weight:bold;">[[#claraigh|✍️ Cláraigh]]</div> <div style="border:2px solid #EE8019; border-radius:6px; padding:6px 14px; font-weight:bold;">[[Plé Vicipéide:Slí na Vicipéideoirí|💬 Plé]]</div> </div> Fáilte go dtí an leathanach oibre do '''Slí na Vicipéideoirí''': an spás ina bhfuilimid ag forbairt oiliúint d'eagarthóirí ar an Vicipéid, do dhaoine nua agus do dhaoine atá ag eagarthóireacht le tamall. Athrófar agus fásfaidh an leathanach seo de réir mar a théann an obair chun cinn. <span id="culra"></span> <div style="border-left:6px solid #305D70; padding:0 16px; margin:1.5em 0;"> == 📖 Cúlra == Táimid ag obair ar an gceist seo ó 2023. Obair mhall atá ann, agus aithnítear é sin. Anuraidh, shocraigh Pobal Éireann Wikimedia ar an gcur chuige don Ghaeilge, agus ar an dóigh ar féidir linn cabhrú le pobal Vicipéid agus leis an nGaeilge tríd an obair seo. Phléamar cuid de na smaointe seo ag cruinniú le grúpa Vicipéideoirí le déanaí. Tá an leathanach seo ag tosú ón bplé sin. </div> <span id="beartaithe"></span> <div style="border-left:6px solid #0E65C0; padding:0 16px; margin:1.5em 0;"> == 🗺️ Cad atá beartaithe == Seo cuid de na réimsí atá á bhforbairt againn faoi láthair. Níl aon rud críochnaithe fós. Smaointe agus túsphointe atá ann. <div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:12px; margin:1em 0;"> <div style="flex:1 1 200px; border:2px solid #0E65C0; border-radius:8px; padding:10px 14px;"> <span style="font-size:130%;">🌱</span> '''An Chéad Chéim'''<br />Tús do dhaoine atá go hiomlán nua d'eagarthóireacht. </div> <div style="flex:1 1 200px; border:2px solid #5748B5; border-radius:8px; padding:10px 14px;"> <span style="font-size:130%;">✏️</span> '''Cuir do ladhar ann'''<br />Na chéad chéimeanna praiticiúla eagarthóireachta. </div> <div style="flex:1 1 200px; border:2px solid #308557; border-radius:8px; padding:10px 14px;"> <span style="font-size:130%;">🌳</span> '''Ó shíolta go saothar'''<br />Forbairt ábhair, ó thús go halt iomlán. </div> <div style="flex:1 1 200px; border:2px solid #305D70; border-radius:8px; padding:10px 14px;"> <span style="font-size:130%;">🧹</span> '''Tús maith, leath na hoibre'''<br />Dea-chleachtas a laghdaíonn obair ghlantacháin do dhaoine eile. </div> </div> Beidh físeáin agus treoracha nasctha leis na modúil seo le himeacht ama. </div> <span id="cabhru"></span> <div style="border-left:6px solid #308557; padding:0 16px; margin:1.5em 0;"> == 🤝 Conas is féidir leat cabhair a thabhairt == Tá fáilte roimh gach leibhéal taithí anseo, ó dhaoine atá díreach ag tosú go daoine atá ag eagarthóireacht le blianta. Táimid ag bailiú eolas agus taithí an phobail le chéile. Más mian leat cuidiú: * Cuir do chuid smaointe ar [[Plé Vicipéide:Slí na Vicipéideoirí|phlé an leathanaigh seo]] * Luaigh leathanaigh nó struchtúir atá ag teastáil, dar leat * Glac páirt sa phlé ar an [[Vicipéid:Halla baile|Halla baile]] * Bí linn ag cruinniú míosúil Phobal Éireann Wikimedia. Tá cruinnithe ar fhorbairt na Vicipéide amháin le teacht <span id="claraigh"></span> === Cláraigh do spéis === Ar mhaith leat a bheith ar an eolas faoi Slí na Vicipéideoirí agus é ag forbairt? Cuir d'ainm leis an liosta thíos, is cuma cén leibhéal taithí atá agat. * [[Úsáideoir:Amy Uí Ríordáin|Amy Uí Ríordáin]] (Bainisteoir Pobail le Pobal Éireann Wikimedia) * [[Úsáideoir:TheCraftyCailleach|TheCraftyCailleach]] * [[Úsáideoir:An Sionnach Rua|An Sionnach Rua]] * [[Úsáideoir:Wikipidéanach|Wikipidéanach]] * [[Úsáideoir:Colin Ryan|Colin Ryan]] * [[Úsáideoir:Taghdtaighde|Taghdtaighde]] * '''Cuir d'ainm anseo: bí linn!''' [https://wikimediaireland.kit.com/688466e1f8 '''Nó cliceáil anseo le linn an liosta seoltaí'''] </div> <div style="border-left:6px solid #5748B5; padding:0 16px; margin:1.5em 0;"> == 🔗 Leathanaigh ghaolmhara == * [[Vicipéid:Glanadh]] – treoir ar ghlanadh alt </div> ---- ''Leanfaidh an leathanach seo ag fás. Fáilte roimh mholtaí ar an [[Plé Vicipéide:Slí na Vicipéideoirí|leathanach plé]].'' [[Catagóir:Vicipéid:Slí na Vicipéideoirí]] s9rqm1aztj4ko1bbzckr1wxdjtbou0m 0 127671 1331816 1331187 2026-11-04T20:07:20Z Unknown artist 32980 /* Cairt Scórála */ 1331816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bosca comórtas ceoil |ainm_cláir = [[Strictly Come Dancing]] |sraith = 24 |tír = [[An Ríocht Aontaithe]] |céad_chraoladh = 19 Meán Fómhair 2026 |craoladh_deireanach = 19 Nollaig 2026 |breithiúna = [[Craig Revel Horwood]]<br>[[Motsi Mabuse]]<br>[[Shirley Ballas]]<br>[[Anton Du Beke]] |óstaigh = [[Emma Willis]]<br>[[Josh Widdecombe]]<br>[[Johannes Radebe]] |craoltóir = [[BBC One]] |buaiteoir = |as = |amhrán = |seánra = |seo_caite = Strictly Come Dancing (sraith 23) |seo_chugainn = |bliain = 2026 }} Is comórtas damhsa teilifíse é '''''[[Strictly Come Dancing]]''''', a thosaigh sa [[An Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríocht Aontaithe]] sa bhliain 2004. Tá sé ar [[BBC One]]. Cuireadh tús leis an bhfichiú sraith ar 19 Meán Fómhair 2026, agus chríochnóidh sí i mí na 19 Nollag 2026. Is iad [[Shirley Ballas]], [[Craig Revel Horwood]], [[Motsi Mabuse]] agus [[Anton du Beke]] na breithimh don sraith seo. ==Cúplaí== {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center; font-size:95%;" |- ! Duine cáiliúil ! Gairmí ! Toradh |- |[[Chris Appleton]] |[[Amy Dowden]] |style="background:#f4c7b8;"|Seachtain 1<br>{{small|4 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}} |- |[[Melanie Walters]] |[[Aljaž Škorjanec]] |style="background:#f4c7b8;"|Seachtain 2<br>{{small|11 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}} |- |[[Sarah Storey]] |[[Julian Caillon]] |style="background:#f4c7b8;"|Seachtain 3<br>{{small|18 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}} |- |[[Shaun Wright-Phillips]] |[[Alexis Warr]] |style="background:#f4c7b8;"|Seachtain 4<br>{{small|25 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}} |- |[[Lawrence Robb]] |[[Jowita Przystał]] |style="background:#f4c7b8;"|Seachtain 5<br>{{small|1 Samhain 2026}} |- |[[Bethany Antonia]] |[[Nancy Xu]] |style="background:lightblue"|Rannpháirteach |- |[[Cach Mercer]] |[[Maddie Ingoldsby]] |style="background:lightblue"|Rannpháirteach |- |[[Dani Dyer]] |[[Nikita Kuzmin]] |style="background:lightblue"|Rannpháirteach |- |[[Delta Goodrem]] |[[Kai Widdrington]] |style="background:lightblue"|Rannpháirteach |- |[[Graeme Hall]] |[[Lauren Oakley]] |style="background:lightblue"|Rannpháirteach |- |[[Jamie Winstone]] |[[Carlos Gu]] |style="background:lightblue"|Rannpháirteach |- |[[John Nellis]] |[[Katya Jones]] |style="background:lightblue"|Rannpháirteach |- |[[Lacey Turner]] |[[Vito Coppola]] |style="background:lightblue"|Rannpháirteach |- |[[Tabby Stoecker]] |[[Mark Karmalita]] |style="background:lightblue"|Rannpháirteach |- |[[Will Best]] |[[Dianne Buswell]] |style="background:lightblue"|Rannpháirteach |} == Cairt Scórála == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: auto; text-align: center" |- !Cúpla !Áit !1 !2 !1+2 !3 !4 !5 !6 !7 |- |<div style="float:left;">Bethany & Nancy | |26 |27 |53 |bgcolor=lightgreen|27 |bgcolor=lightblue|27 |25 |bgcolor=lightblue|30 | |- |<div style="float:left;">Cach & Maddie | |20 |29 |49 |31 |{{green|'''34'''}} |bgcolor=lightgreen|24 |33 | |- |<div style="float:left;">Dani & Nikita | |22 |23 |45 |27 |25 |bgcolor=lightgreen|31 |32 | |- |<div style="float:left;">Delta & Kai | |29 |30 |{{green|'''59'''}} |{{green|'''33'''}} |— |34 |33 | |- |<div style="float:left;">Graeme & Lauren | |24 |{{green|'''31'''}} |55 |bgcolor=lightgreen|25 |28 |31 |{{red|''25''}} | |- |<div style="float:left;">Jamie & Carlos | |21 |21 |bgcolor=lightblue|42 |28 |{{green|'''34'''}} |bgcolor=lightblue|25 |bgcolor=lightblue|27 |— |- |<div style="float:left;">John & Katya | |{{green|'''31'''}} |23 |54 |20 |29 |32 |35 | |- |<div style="float:left;">Lacey & Vito | |27 |28 |55 |26 |bgcolor=lightgreen|29 |28 |{{green|'''36'''}} | |- |<div style="float:left;">Tabby & Mark | |22 |28 |50 |31 |bgcolor=lightgreen|29 |{{green|'''37'''}} |{{red|''25''}} | |- |<div style="float:left;">Will & Dianne | |18 |19 |bgcolor=lightgreen|37 |25 |31 |31 |32 | |- |<div style="float:left;">Lawrence & Jowita |11 |20 |19 |bgcolor=lightgreen|39 |20 |30 |19 |bgcolor=orange|26 |bgcolor=darkgrey| |- |<div style="float:left;">Shaun & Alexis |12 |{{red|''15''}} |25 |40 |bgcolor=lightblue|{{red|''15''}} |28 |bgcolor=orange|{{red|''17''}} |colspan=2 bgcolor=darkgrey| |- |<div style="float:left;">Sarah & Julian |13 |{{red|''15''}} |24 |39 |20 |bgcolor=orange|{{red|''21''}} |colspan=3 bgcolor=darkgrey| |- |<div style="float:left;">Melanie & Aljaž |14 |{{red|''15''}} |{{red|''15''}} |{{red|''30''}} |bgcolor=orange|17 |colspan=4 bgcolor=darkgrey| |- |<div style="float:left;">Chris & Amy |15 |16 |17 |bgcolor=orange|33 |colspan=5 bgcolor=darkgrey| |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Strictly Come Dancing}} [[Catagóir:Strictly Come Dancing]] [[Catagóir:2026 séasúir teilifíse]] 65tgbc4jauyaefmvzk4o2ecr5c4fifp 0 128717 1331808 1330941 2026-11-04T18:16:21Z Ériugena 188 1331808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Iriseoir, craoltóir agus dearthóir grafaice ó [[Gort an Choirce|Ghort an Choirce]] i [[Gaeltacht|nGaeltach]] [[Contae Dhún na nGall|Dhún na nGall]] í '''Póilín Nic Géidigh'''. Is cainteoir dúchais Gaeilge í.<ref name="nos20202">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/news/poilin-nic-geidigh-ceaptha-ina-hiriseoir-le-nos/|teideal=Póilín Nic Géidigh ceaptha ina hiriseoir le NÓS|dáta=2020-06-10|language=ga|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2026-10-29}}</ref><ref name="maraduit2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://maraduit.com/|teideal=Fúinn – About|language=ga|work=Mara Duit|dátarochtana=2026-10-29}}</ref> == Saol agus oideachas == Bhain Nic Géidigh bunchéim amach sa Chumarsáid Fhísiúil in [[Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath]] sa bhliain 2019.<ref name="oireachtas2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.antoireachtas.ie/gradaim-chumarsaide/realta-og-na-bliana/poilin-nic-geidigh.html|teideal=Póilín Nic Géidigh – Réalta Óg na Bliana|language=ga|work=An tOireachtas|dátarochtana=2026-10-29}}</ref> Bhí a tionscadal céime, ''Bánú Tuaithe'', dírithe ar mheath cultúrtha agus ar dhídhaonrú i gceantair Ghaeltachta.<ref name="gradx2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://gradx.ie/2019/courses/visual-communications/poilin-nic-geidigh/index.html|teideal=Póilín Nic Géidigh – Bánú Tuaithe|language=en|work=GradX 2019|dátarochtana=2026-10-29}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2020, bhain sí céim mháistreachta amach i gCleachtas Gairmiúil sna Meáin in [[Ollscoil na Gaillimhe|Ollscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh]].<ref name="oireachtas2" /><ref name="rte20202">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2020/1008/1170215-at-home-with-r-na-gs-poilin-nic-geidigh/|teideal=At home with...R na G's Póilín Nic Géidigh|dáta=2020-10-08|language=en|work=RTÉ|dátarochtana=2026-10-29}}</ref> == Gairm == Bhí Nic Géidigh ina colúnaí seachtrach leis an iris ''[[NÓS (iris)|NÓS]]'' sular ceapadh ina hiriseoir léi í i Meitheamh 2020.<ref name="nos20202" /> Bhí sí ina láithreoir ar ''[[Cúla4|Cúla 4 ar Scoil]]'' ar [[TG4]], agus bhí sí le cloisteáil ar an bpodchraoladh ''Motherfoclóir'' agus ar [[Raidió na Life]].<ref name="nos20202" /> Le linn na dianghlasála in 2020, chruthaigh sí míreanna do ''Cúla 4 ar Scoil'' agus do ''Campa Cúla 4'', agus bhí sí ina comhláithreoir ar ''Timpeall Orainn'', clár do pháistí faoin timpeallacht a léirigh an comhlacht [[Fíbín]].<ref name="rte20202" /><ref name="oireachtas2" /> D'oibrigh sí mar Chlár Reachtaire le [[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta]] i stiúideo [[Na Doirí Beaga|na nDoirí Beaga]], áit a raibh sí le cloisteáil ar ''Nuacht an Tuaiscirt'' agus ar an gclár ''Bladhaire''.<ref name="oireachtas2" /> Ainmníodh í do ghradam Réalta Óg na Bliana ag Gradaim Chumarsáide [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|an Oireachtais]] sa bhliain 2020.<ref name="oireachtas2" /><ref name="rte20202" /> Bhí sí ina ball den ghrúpa An Ghaeltokt ar [[TikTok]].<ref name="oireachtas2" /> Bhunaigh Nic Géidigh an comhlacht ''Mara Duit'', a dhíolann cártaí beannachta agus priontaí i nGaeilge.<ref name="maraduit2" /><ref name="mcm2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://mindingcreativeminds.ie/your-story/your-story-poilin-nic-geidigh/|teideal=Your Story: Póilín Nic Géidigh|language=en|work=Minding Creative Minds|dátarochtana=2026-10-29}}</ref> Dhear sí hataí agus málaí d'fheachtas #SeoÍanGhaeltacht de chuid [[Glór na nGael]], agus chruthaigh sí gifeanna i nGaeilge do na meáin shóisialta.<ref name="meoneile2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.meoneile.ie/cultur-agus-ealain/poilin-nic-geidigh-ar-aipeanna-gaeilge-sna-meain-shoisialta-agus-feachtas-seoianghaeltacht|teideal=Póilín Nic Géidigh ar aipeanna, na meáin shóisialta agus #SeoÍanGhaeltacht|dáta=2021-07-07|language=ga|work=Meon Eile|dátarochtana=2026-10-29}}</ref> == Tagairtí == <references responsive="1"></references> {{DEFAULTSORT:Nic Géidigh, Póilín}} [[Catagóir:Craoltóirí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Láithreoirí teilifíse Éireannacha]] 8awt57nbh696r6qtxwstdiw9cfdoa2z 0 128757 1331819 1331344 2026-11-04T20:45:13Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1331819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Dúil Cheimiceach}} Is éard is '''ciotráit airgid''' ann ná salann [[Airgead (dúil)|airgid]] [[Aigéad citreach|d'aigéad citreach]] Is éard a bhí ann ná an caitian Ag+ agus an t-ainian ciotráite, C₆H₅Ag₃O₇ −. == Naisc sheachtracha == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170724011402/http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/ Handbook of Chemistry & Physics] == Leabharliosta == * {{Cite book-en|language=en|author=Maryadele J. O'Neil|title=The Merck index|location=Whitehouse Station, N.J|edition=Merck Research Laboratories|year=2006|pages=10973|isbn=978-0-911910-00-1|oclc=708295355}} == Tagairtí == <references /> [[Catagóir:Comhdhúile orgánacha]] [[Catagóir:Comhdhúile airgid]] hvs8b4zovmape01c54355v40jek7rrm 0 128763 1331788 1331751 2026-11-04T15:38:49Z Conradder 34685 /* An Feabhal */ 1331788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Toghchán}} Reáchtáladh '''Toghchán Chomhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin''' ar 18 Bealtaine 2023, le gach dara [[Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023|Toghcháin Áitiúla]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart Éireann, coicís tar éis na dtoghchán áitiúil i Sasana.]]. Cuireadh moill coicíse ar thoghcháin Thuaisceart Éireann chun comhthráth a sheachaint le [[Corónú Shéarlais III agus Camilla]]. Toghadh 40 ar [[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|an chomhairle]] trí [[Aonvóta inaistrithe]] == Torthaí== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! colspan="10" | Toradh Toghcháin 2023 i g[[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|Cathair Dhoire agus Ceantar an tSratha Báin]] |- ! colspan ="2" |Páirtí ! Suíocháin ! Méaduithe ! Caillteanais ! Glan-mhéadú <br/>nó caillteanas ! Suíocháin % ! Vótaí % ! Vótaí ! +/− |- ! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | | [[Sinn Féin]] ||18 ||7||0 ||{{increase}}7||45.00||'''38.73'''||'''24,658'''||{{increase}}10.62 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | | [[PSDLO]] ||10 ||0||1|| {{decrease}}1||25.00||19.93||12,689||{{decrease}}5.54 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | | [[PAD]] ||5 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||12.50 ||12.49||7,995||{{decrease}}2.21 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | | [[PAU]] ||3||1||0||{{increase}}1 ||7.50 ||8.47||5,393||{{increase}}1.67 |- ! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | | [[Comhalta neamhspleách|Neamhspleách]] ||3 ||0 ||1||{{increase}}1||7.50||7.74||4,927||{{decrease}}4.87 |- !scope="row" style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| |[[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] ||1 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||2.50||5.22||3,320||{{decrease}}0.69 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | | [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||0 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||0.00||4.47||2,849||{{decrease}}0.23 |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};"| |[[Aontú]]||0 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||0.00||2,95||1,878||{{increase}}1.25 |- ! colspan ="2" | Iomlán: || 40 || || || || || || 63,669|| |- |} <small>'''Nóta''': Is iad "vótaí" an chéad rogha vótaí</small> == Achoimre dhúiche== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- class="unsortable" align="centre" !rowspan=2 align="left"|Ceantar ! % <br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> !rowspan=2|Iomlán<br />Comhairleoirí<br /> |- class="unsortable" align="center" !colspan=2 | Sinn Féin ! colspan=2 | PSDLO ! colspan=2| PAD !colspan=2 | PAU !colspan=2 | PRB ! colspan=2 | PCTÉ !colspan=2 | Neamhspleách <br/> agus eile |- |align="left"|Baile Arnoid |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |33.5 |'''3''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.5 |0 {{steady}} |4.5 |0 {{steady}} |9.1 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''6''' |- |align="left"|Dearg |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |8.5 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |19.5 |'''1''' {{steady}} |16.1 |'''1''' {{steady}} |1.3 |0 {{steady}} |2.1 |0 {{steady}} |7.1 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Fhuachonbháil |bgcolor="#008800"|29.1 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |18.9 |'''1''' {{steady}} |20.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |15.8 |'''1''' {{increase}} 1 |3.8 |0 {{steady}} |8.6 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |3.4 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Fheabhail |bgcolor="#008800"|41.3 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |35.4 |'''2''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |13.7 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.7 |0 {{steady}} |5.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Speirín |bgcolor="#008800"|40.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |11.4 |'''1''' {{steady}} |18.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |4.1 |0 {{steady}} |1.9 |0 {{steady}} |3.2 |0 {{steady}} |20.7 |'''2''' {{steady}} |'''7''' |- |align="left"|An Móinteán |bgcolor="#008800"|44.6 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |16.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.8 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |2.0 |0 {{steady}} |29.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Uisce |bgcolor="#008800"|27.2 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |19.0 |'''2''' {{steady}} |22.8 |'''2''' {{steady}} |20.6 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.6 |0 {{steady}} |6.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |'''7''' |- class="unsortable" class="sortbottom" style="background:#C9C9C9" |align="left"| '''Iomlán''' |'''38.73''' |'''18''' {{increase}} 7 |'''19.93''' |'''10''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''12.49''' |'''5''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''8.47''' |'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |'''5.22''' |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''4.47''' |'''0''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''10.69''' |'''3''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''40''' |- |} ==Torthaí na ndúichí== ===Baile Arnoid === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Baile Arnoid - 6 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sandra Duffy*'''|| 22.22% ||'''2,164'''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Rory Farrell*'''|| 14.43% ||'''1,405 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''John McGowan* †'''|| 13.34% ||1,299 ||'''1,601.05'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Pat Murphy'''|| 9.86% ||960 ||1,256.10 ||1,289.65 ||'''1,474.93''' || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Brian Tierney* ‡‡'''|| 10.33% ||1,006 ||1,057.80 ||1,128.50 ||1,136.42 ||1,165.70 ||'''1,338.70''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Catherine McDaid'''|| 8.79%|| 856 ||896.25 ||1,052.80 ||1,059.04 ||1,086.40 ||'''1,318.40''' |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Emmet Doyle* ||9.11% ||887 ||909.40 ||944.45 ||945.89 ||955.73 ||1,147.73 |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Doherty ||7.46% ||727|| 745.20 ||852.45 ||855.33 ||869.25 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Colm Cavanagh ||4.48% ||436 ||457.35|| || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 19,139''' Bailí:'''9,740''' Millte:''' 189''' Cuóta:'''1,392''' Vótóirí:''' 9,929 (51.88%) |} ===Dearg=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Dearg - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Keith Kerrigan*'''|| 19.52% ||'''1,669 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Ruairí McHugh*'''|| 16.87%|| '''1,442 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''[[Derek Hussey]]*'''|| 16.11% ||1,377 ||'''1,592.88 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Antaine Ó Fearghail'''|| 14.00% ||1,197 ||1,197.00 ||1,197.28 ||1,255.28 ||'''1,371.56''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Caroline Devine'''|| 14.57% ||1,246 ||1,246.14 ||1,246.28 ||1,306.28 ||'''1,342.56''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Steven Edwards*|| 8.46% ||723 ||726.78 ||748.20 ||888.74 ||1,151.34 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Andy Patton ||5.93% ||507 ||514.42 ||586.94 ||689.24|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Anne Murray|| 2.07% ||177 ||178.26 ||207.24 || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Adam McGinley|| 1.31% ||112 ||112.56 ||120.68 || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Leza Houston ||1.16% ||99 ||99.00 ||102.78|| || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,672''' Bailí:'''8,549 ''' Millte:''' 111 ''' Cuóta:'''1,425''' Vótóirí:'''8,660 (63.33%) |} ===An Fhuachonbháil === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Fhuachonbháil - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''Ryan McCready* †'''|| 15.84% ||1,282 ||'''1,414'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Declan Norris* '''||11.35% ||919 ||984 ||989.22 ||'''1,396.22 '''|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Julie Middleton]] †'''|| 12.21% ||988 ||1,016 ||1,032.82 ||1,037.82 ||1,659.82 || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Alex Duffy*'''|| 14.74% ||1,193 ||1,244 ||1,244.58 ||1,325.16 ||1,325.16 ||'''1,326.16''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sean Fleming'''|| 14.35% ||1,162 ||1,201 ||1,201.58 ||1,241.58 ||1,242.58 ||'''1,243.48''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Rachael Ferguson* ||8.59% ||695 ||813 ||826.34 ||947.50 ||962.88 ||1,054.88 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || Gary Wilkinson|| 8.07% ||653 ||685 ||708.20 ||712.78|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Hayley Canning|| 7.58% ||614 ||682 ||685.48 || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Gallagher ||3.83% ||310 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Graham Warke*|| 3.45% ||279 || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''14,532 ''' Bailí:'''8,095 ''' Millte:''' 93 ''' Cuóta:'''1,350''' Vótóirí:''' 8,188 (56.34%) |} === Taobh an Fheabhail === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Taobh an Fheabhail - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Conor Heaney*'''|| 25.77% ||'''1,846 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Grace Uí Niallais'''|| 15.57% ||1,115 ||'''1,635.80 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||'''Shaun Harkin*'''|| 13.67% ||979 ||999.65 ||1,074.90 ||1,140.15 ||'''1,239.15''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Shauna Cusack* ‡'''|| 13.23% ||948 ||984.75 ||1,072.25 ||1,131.35 ||'''1,200.35''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''[[Lilian Seenoi-Barr]]*'''|| 13.40% ||960 ||988.00 ||1,073.40 ||1,130.30 ||'''1,177.30''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Stephen McCallion ||8.74%|| 626 ||638.60 ||672.55 ||734.70 ||777.70 |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Seán Mac Cearáin ||5.91% ||423 ||434.55 ||472.70 ||493.50 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Danny McCloskey ||3.71%|| 266 ||275.45 ||307.30 || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,372''' Bailí:'''7,163''' Millte:''' 136''' Cuóta:'''1,194''' Vótóirí:'''7,299 (54.58%) |} ===An Speirín === ===An Móinteán === ===Bruach an Uisce=== ==Athruithe i rith an téarma== ===† Comhthofa=== ===‡ Athruithe ceangail === == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Toghcháin agus reifrinn i dTuaisceart Éireann}} [[Catagóir:2023]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Stair Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023]] 3ab9rvttsouc0ipuwlmnbedn53mnw6a 1331791 1331788 2026-11-04T16:26:11Z Conradder 34685 /* An Speirín */ 1331791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Toghchán}} Reáchtáladh '''Toghchán Chomhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin''' ar 18 Bealtaine 2023, le gach dara [[Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023|Toghcháin Áitiúla]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart Éireann, coicís tar éis na dtoghchán áitiúil i Sasana.]]. Cuireadh moill coicíse ar thoghcháin Thuaisceart Éireann chun comhthráth a sheachaint le [[Corónú Shéarlais III agus Camilla]]. Toghadh 40 ar [[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|an chomhairle]] trí [[Aonvóta inaistrithe]] == Torthaí== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! colspan="10" | Toradh Toghcháin 2023 i g[[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|Cathair Dhoire agus Ceantar an tSratha Báin]] |- ! colspan ="2" |Páirtí ! Suíocháin ! Méaduithe ! Caillteanais ! Glan-mhéadú <br/>nó caillteanas ! Suíocháin % ! Vótaí % ! Vótaí ! +/− |- ! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | | [[Sinn Féin]] ||18 ||7||0 ||{{increase}}7||45.00||'''38.73'''||'''24,658'''||{{increase}}10.62 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | | [[PSDLO]] ||10 ||0||1|| {{decrease}}1||25.00||19.93||12,689||{{decrease}}5.54 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | | [[PAD]] ||5 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||12.50 ||12.49||7,995||{{decrease}}2.21 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | | [[PAU]] ||3||1||0||{{increase}}1 ||7.50 ||8.47||5,393||{{increase}}1.67 |- ! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | | [[Comhalta neamhspleách|Neamhspleách]] ||3 ||0 ||1||{{increase}}1||7.50||7.74||4,927||{{decrease}}4.87 |- !scope="row" style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| |[[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] ||1 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||2.50||5.22||3,320||{{decrease}}0.69 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | | [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||0 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||0.00||4.47||2,849||{{decrease}}0.23 |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};"| |[[Aontú]]||0 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||0.00||2,95||1,878||{{increase}}1.25 |- ! colspan ="2" | Iomlán: || 40 || || || || || || 63,669|| |- |} <small>'''Nóta''': Is iad "vótaí" an chéad rogha vótaí</small> == Achoimre dhúiche== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- class="unsortable" align="centre" !rowspan=2 align="left"|Ceantar ! % <br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> !rowspan=2|Iomlán<br />Comhairleoirí<br /> |- class="unsortable" align="center" !colspan=2 | Sinn Féin ! colspan=2 | PSDLO ! colspan=2| PAD !colspan=2 | PAU !colspan=2 | PRB ! colspan=2 | PCTÉ !colspan=2 | Neamhspleách <br/> agus eile |- |align="left"|Baile Arnoid |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |33.5 |'''3''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.5 |0 {{steady}} |4.5 |0 {{steady}} |9.1 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''6''' |- |align="left"|Dearg |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |8.5 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |19.5 |'''1''' {{steady}} |16.1 |'''1''' {{steady}} |1.3 |0 {{steady}} |2.1 |0 {{steady}} |7.1 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Fhuachonbháil |bgcolor="#008800"|29.1 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |18.9 |'''1''' {{steady}} |20.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |15.8 |'''1''' {{increase}} 1 |3.8 |0 {{steady}} |8.6 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |3.4 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Fheabhail |bgcolor="#008800"|41.3 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |35.4 |'''2''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |13.7 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.7 |0 {{steady}} |5.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Speirín |bgcolor="#008800"|40.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |11.4 |'''1''' {{steady}} |18.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |4.1 |0 {{steady}} |1.9 |0 {{steady}} |3.2 |0 {{steady}} |20.7 |'''2''' {{steady}} |'''7''' |- |align="left"|An Móinteán |bgcolor="#008800"|44.6 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |16.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.8 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |2.0 |0 {{steady}} |29.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Uisce |bgcolor="#008800"|27.2 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |19.0 |'''2''' {{steady}} |22.8 |'''2''' {{steady}} |20.6 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.6 |0 {{steady}} |6.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |'''7''' |- class="unsortable" class="sortbottom" style="background:#C9C9C9" |align="left"| '''Iomlán''' |'''38.73''' |'''18''' {{increase}} 7 |'''19.93''' |'''10''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''12.49''' |'''5''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''8.47''' |'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |'''5.22''' |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''4.47''' |'''0''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''10.69''' |'''3''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''40''' |- |} ==Torthaí na ndúichí== ===Baile Arnoid === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Baile Arnoid - 6 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sandra Duffy*'''|| 22.22% ||'''2,164'''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Rory Farrell*'''|| 14.43% ||'''1,405 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''John McGowan* †'''|| 13.34% ||1,299 ||'''1,601.05'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Pat Murphy'''|| 9.86% ||960 ||1,256.10 ||1,289.65 ||'''1,474.93''' || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Brian Tierney* ‡‡'''|| 10.33% ||1,006 ||1,057.80 ||1,128.50 ||1,136.42 ||1,165.70 ||'''1,338.70''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Catherine McDaid'''|| 8.79%|| 856 ||896.25 ||1,052.80 ||1,059.04 ||1,086.40 ||'''1,318.40''' |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Emmet Doyle* ||9.11% ||887 ||909.40 ||944.45 ||945.89 ||955.73 ||1,147.73 |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Doherty ||7.46% ||727|| 745.20 ||852.45 ||855.33 ||869.25 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Colm Cavanagh ||4.48% ||436 ||457.35|| || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 19,139''' Bailí:'''9,740''' Millte:''' 189''' Cuóta:'''1,392''' Vótóirí:''' 9,929 (51.88%) |} ===Dearg=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Dearg - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Keith Kerrigan*'''|| 19.52% ||'''1,669 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Ruairí McHugh*'''|| 16.87%|| '''1,442 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''[[Derek Hussey]]*'''|| 16.11% ||1,377 ||'''1,592.88 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Antaine Ó Fearghail'''|| 14.00% ||1,197 ||1,197.00 ||1,197.28 ||1,255.28 ||'''1,371.56''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Caroline Devine'''|| 14.57% ||1,246 ||1,246.14 ||1,246.28 ||1,306.28 ||'''1,342.56''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Steven Edwards*|| 8.46% ||723 ||726.78 ||748.20 ||888.74 ||1,151.34 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Andy Patton ||5.93% ||507 ||514.42 ||586.94 ||689.24|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Anne Murray|| 2.07% ||177 ||178.26 ||207.24 || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Adam McGinley|| 1.31% ||112 ||112.56 ||120.68 || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Leza Houston ||1.16% ||99 ||99.00 ||102.78|| || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,672''' Bailí:'''8,549 ''' Millte:''' 111 ''' Cuóta:'''1,425''' Vótóirí:'''8,660 (63.33%) |} ===An Fhuachonbháil === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Fhuachonbháil - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''Ryan McCready* †'''|| 15.84% ||1,282 ||'''1,414'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Declan Norris* '''||11.35% ||919 ||984 ||989.22 ||'''1,396.22 '''|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Julie Middleton]] †'''|| 12.21% ||988 ||1,016 ||1,032.82 ||1,037.82 ||1,659.82 || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Alex Duffy*'''|| 14.74% ||1,193 ||1,244 ||1,244.58 ||1,325.16 ||1,325.16 ||'''1,326.16''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sean Fleming'''|| 14.35% ||1,162 ||1,201 ||1,201.58 ||1,241.58 ||1,242.58 ||'''1,243.48''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Rachael Ferguson* ||8.59% ||695 ||813 ||826.34 ||947.50 ||962.88 ||1,054.88 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || Gary Wilkinson|| 8.07% ||653 ||685 ||708.20 ||712.78|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Hayley Canning|| 7.58% ||614 ||682 ||685.48 || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Gallagher ||3.83% ||310 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Graham Warke*|| 3.45% ||279 || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''14,532 ''' Bailí:'''8,095 ''' Millte:''' 93 ''' Cuóta:'''1,350''' Vótóirí:''' 8,188 (56.34%) |} === Taobh an Fheabhail === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Taobh an Fheabhail - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Conor Heaney*'''|| 25.77% ||'''1,846 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Grace Uí Niallais'''|| 15.57% ||1,115 ||'''1,635.80 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||'''Shaun Harkin*'''|| 13.67% ||979 ||999.65 ||1,074.90 ||1,140.15 ||'''1,239.15''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Shauna Cusack* ‡'''|| 13.23% ||948 ||984.75 ||1,072.25 ||1,131.35 ||'''1,200.35''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''[[Lilian Seenoi-Barr]]*'''|| 13.40% ||960 ||988.00 ||1,073.40 ||1,130.30 ||'''1,177.30''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Stephen McCallion ||8.74%|| 626 ||638.60 ||672.55 ||734.70 ||777.70 |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Seán Mac Cearáin ||5.91% ||423 ||434.55 ||472.70 ||493.50 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Danny McCloskey ||3.71%|| 266 ||275.45 ||307.30 || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,372''' Bailí:'''7,163''' Millte:''' 136''' Cuóta:'''1,194''' Vótóirí:'''7,299 (54.58%) |} ===An Speirín === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Speirín - 7 suíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6!! Comhair 7!! Comhair 8!! Comhair 9!! Comhair 10 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Paul Boggs'''|| 16.87% ||'''1,993'''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Fergal Leonard'''|| 13.97% ||'''1,650 '''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Brian Harte'''|| 9.52% ||1,125 ||'''1,480.00 ''' || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Jason Barr* ‡'''|| 6.87% ||811 ||847.75 ||896.35 ||924.09 ||953.92 ||1,019.53 ||1,174.93 ||1,208.93 ||'''1,569.93 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || '''Raymond Barr*'''|| 8.35% ||985 ||1,014.75 ||1,024.11 ||1,053.11 ||1,110.65 ||1,157.02 ||1,206.45 ||1,217.45 ||1,345.06 ||'''1,414.91''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Allan Bresland* †''' ||10.11% ||1,194 ||1,194.00 ||1,194.00 ||1,198.00 ||1,200.00 ||1,208.00 ||1,217.18 ||1,401.18 ||1,412.43 ||'''1,412.98''' |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||'''Paul Gallagher*'''|| 8.82% ||1,042 ||1,065.50 ||1,072.52 ||1,079.52 ||1,129.17 ||1,164.41 ||1,194.95 ||1,198.95 ||1,277.64 ||'''1,297.00''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] ||[[Maurice Devenney]]* ||8.16% ||964 ||964.00 ||964.18 ||967.18 ||967.43 ||968.43 ||973.43 ||1,201.43 ||1,206.43 ||1,208.08 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Tommy Forbes|| 4.55% ||538 ||559.50 ||596.58 ||613.71 ||634.50 ||689.86 ||787.75 ||810.93 || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Glen Miller|| 4.14% ||489 ||489.25 ||489.43 ||490.43 ||491.43 ||501.43 ||557.43 || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Mel Boyle ||3.23% ||381 ||390.50 ||407.60 ||411.21 ||451.58 ||488.74 || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Patsy Kelly ||2.08% ||246 ||256.75 ||284.83 ||294.73 ||312.09 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Carol Gallagher ||1.91%|| 226 ||233.75 ||240.41 ||254.56 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Darán Mac Meanman ||1.42% ||168 ||169.50 ||182.64 || || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''19,143 ''' Bailí:'''11,812''' Millte:''' 183''' Cuóta:'''1,477''' Vótóirí:''' 11,995(62.66%) |} ===An Móinteán === ===Bruach an Uisce=== ==Athruithe i rith an téarma== ===† Comhthofa=== ===‡ Athruithe ceangail === == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Toghcháin agus reifrinn i dTuaisceart Éireann}} [[Catagóir:2023]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Stair Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023]] 75a1vr7q3sdhgpvt3a74nezdd5ijffx 1331824 1331791 2026-11-04T21:28:29Z Conradder 34685 /* An Móinteán */ 1331824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Toghchán}} Reáchtáladh '''Toghchán Chomhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin''' ar 18 Bealtaine 2023, le gach dara [[Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023|Toghcháin Áitiúla]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart Éireann, coicís tar éis na dtoghchán áitiúil i Sasana.]]. Cuireadh moill coicíse ar thoghcháin Thuaisceart Éireann chun comhthráth a sheachaint le [[Corónú Shéarlais III agus Camilla]]. Toghadh 40 ar [[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|an chomhairle]] trí [[Aonvóta inaistrithe]] == Torthaí== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! colspan="10" | Toradh Toghcháin 2023 i g[[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|Cathair Dhoire agus Ceantar an tSratha Báin]] |- ! colspan ="2" |Páirtí ! Suíocháin ! Méaduithe ! Caillteanais ! Glan-mhéadú <br/>nó caillteanas ! Suíocháin % ! Vótaí % ! Vótaí ! +/− |- ! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | | [[Sinn Féin]] ||18 ||7||0 ||{{increase}}7||45.00||'''38.73'''||'''24,658'''||{{increase}}10.62 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | | [[PSDLO]] ||10 ||0||1|| {{decrease}}1||25.00||19.93||12,689||{{decrease}}5.54 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | | [[PAD]] ||5 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||12.50 ||12.49||7,995||{{decrease}}2.21 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | | [[PAU]] ||3||1||0||{{increase}}1 ||7.50 ||8.47||5,393||{{increase}}1.67 |- ! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | | [[Comhalta neamhspleách|Neamhspleách]] ||3 ||0 ||1||{{increase}}1||7.50||7.74||4,927||{{decrease}}4.87 |- !scope="row" style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| |[[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] ||1 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||2.50||5.22||3,320||{{decrease}}0.69 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | | [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||0 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||0.00||4.47||2,849||{{decrease}}0.23 |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};"| |[[Aontú]]||0 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||0.00||2,95||1,878||{{increase}}1.25 |- ! colspan ="2" | Iomlán: || 40 || || || || || || 63,669|| |- |} <small>'''Nóta''': Is iad "vótaí" an chéad rogha vótaí</small> == Achoimre dhúiche== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- class="unsortable" align="centre" !rowspan=2 align="left"|Ceantar ! % <br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> !rowspan=2|Iomlán<br />Comhairleoirí<br /> |- class="unsortable" align="center" !colspan=2 | Sinn Féin ! colspan=2 | PSDLO ! colspan=2| PAD !colspan=2 | PAU !colspan=2 | PRB ! colspan=2 | PCTÉ !colspan=2 | Neamhspleách <br/> agus eile |- |align="left"|Baile Arnoid |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |33.5 |'''3''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.5 |0 {{steady}} |4.5 |0 {{steady}} |9.1 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''6''' |- |align="left"|Dearg |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |8.5 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |19.5 |'''1''' {{steady}} |16.1 |'''1''' {{steady}} |1.3 |0 {{steady}} |2.1 |0 {{steady}} |7.1 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Fhuachonbháil |bgcolor="#008800"|29.1 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |18.9 |'''1''' {{steady}} |20.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |15.8 |'''1''' {{increase}} 1 |3.8 |0 {{steady}} |8.6 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |3.4 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Fheabhail |bgcolor="#008800"|41.3 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |35.4 |'''2''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |13.7 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.7 |0 {{steady}} |5.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Speirín |bgcolor="#008800"|40.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |11.4 |'''1''' {{steady}} |18.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |4.1 |0 {{steady}} |1.9 |0 {{steady}} |3.2 |0 {{steady}} |20.7 |'''2''' {{steady}} |'''7''' |- |align="left"|An Móinteán |bgcolor="#008800"|44.6 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |16.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.8 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |2.0 |0 {{steady}} |29.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Uisce |bgcolor="#008800"|27.2 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |19.0 |'''2''' {{steady}} |22.8 |'''2''' {{steady}} |20.6 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.6 |0 {{steady}} |6.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |'''7''' |- class="unsortable" class="sortbottom" style="background:#C9C9C9" |align="left"| '''Iomlán''' |'''38.73''' |'''18''' {{increase}} 7 |'''19.93''' |'''10''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''12.49''' |'''5''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''8.47''' |'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |'''5.22''' |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''4.47''' |'''0''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''10.69''' |'''3''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''40''' |- |} ==Torthaí na ndúichí== ===Baile Arnoid === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Baile Arnoid - 6 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sandra Duffy*'''|| 22.22% ||'''2,164'''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Rory Farrell*'''|| 14.43% ||'''1,405 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''John McGowan* †'''|| 13.34% ||1,299 ||'''1,601.05'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Pat Murphy'''|| 9.86% ||960 ||1,256.10 ||1,289.65 ||'''1,474.93''' || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Brian Tierney* ‡‡'''|| 10.33% ||1,006 ||1,057.80 ||1,128.50 ||1,136.42 ||1,165.70 ||'''1,338.70''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Catherine McDaid'''|| 8.79%|| 856 ||896.25 ||1,052.80 ||1,059.04 ||1,086.40 ||'''1,318.40''' |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Emmet Doyle* ||9.11% ||887 ||909.40 ||944.45 ||945.89 ||955.73 ||1,147.73 |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Doherty ||7.46% ||727|| 745.20 ||852.45 ||855.33 ||869.25 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Colm Cavanagh ||4.48% ||436 ||457.35|| || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 19,139''' Bailí:'''9,740''' Millte:''' 189''' Cuóta:'''1,392''' Vótóirí:''' 9,929 (51.88%) |} ===Dearg=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Dearg - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Keith Kerrigan*'''|| 19.52% ||'''1,669 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Ruairí McHugh*'''|| 16.87%|| '''1,442 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''[[Derek Hussey]]*'''|| 16.11% ||1,377 ||'''1,592.88 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Antaine Ó Fearghail'''|| 14.00% ||1,197 ||1,197.00 ||1,197.28 ||1,255.28 ||'''1,371.56''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Caroline Devine'''|| 14.57% ||1,246 ||1,246.14 ||1,246.28 ||1,306.28 ||'''1,342.56''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Steven Edwards*|| 8.46% ||723 ||726.78 ||748.20 ||888.74 ||1,151.34 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Andy Patton ||5.93% ||507 ||514.42 ||586.94 ||689.24|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Anne Murray|| 2.07% ||177 ||178.26 ||207.24 || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Adam McGinley|| 1.31% ||112 ||112.56 ||120.68 || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Leza Houston ||1.16% ||99 ||99.00 ||102.78|| || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,672''' Bailí:'''8,549 ''' Millte:''' 111 ''' Cuóta:'''1,425''' Vótóirí:'''8,660 (63.33%) |} ===An Fhuachonbháil === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Fhuachonbháil - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''Ryan McCready* †'''|| 15.84% ||1,282 ||'''1,414'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Declan Norris* '''||11.35% ||919 ||984 ||989.22 ||'''1,396.22 '''|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Julie Middleton]] †'''|| 12.21% ||988 ||1,016 ||1,032.82 ||1,037.82 ||1,659.82 || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Alex Duffy*'''|| 14.74% ||1,193 ||1,244 ||1,244.58 ||1,325.16 ||1,325.16 ||'''1,326.16''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sean Fleming'''|| 14.35% ||1,162 ||1,201 ||1,201.58 ||1,241.58 ||1,242.58 ||'''1,243.48''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Rachael Ferguson* ||8.59% ||695 ||813 ||826.34 ||947.50 ||962.88 ||1,054.88 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || Gary Wilkinson|| 8.07% ||653 ||685 ||708.20 ||712.78|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Hayley Canning|| 7.58% ||614 ||682 ||685.48 || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Gallagher ||3.83% ||310 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Graham Warke*|| 3.45% ||279 || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''14,532 ''' Bailí:'''8,095 ''' Millte:''' 93 ''' Cuóta:'''1,350''' Vótóirí:''' 8,188 (56.34%) |} === Taobh an Fheabhail === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Taobh an Fheabhail - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Conor Heaney*'''|| 25.77% ||'''1,846 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Grace Uí Niallais'''|| 15.57% ||1,115 ||'''1,635.80 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||'''Shaun Harkin*'''|| 13.67% ||979 ||999.65 ||1,074.90 ||1,140.15 ||'''1,239.15''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Shauna Cusack* ‡'''|| 13.23% ||948 ||984.75 ||1,072.25 ||1,131.35 ||'''1,200.35''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''[[Lilian Seenoi-Barr]]*'''|| 13.40% ||960 ||988.00 ||1,073.40 ||1,130.30 ||'''1,177.30''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Stephen McCallion ||8.74%|| 626 ||638.60 ||672.55 ||734.70 ||777.70 |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Seán Mac Cearáin ||5.91% ||423 ||434.55 ||472.70 ||493.50 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Danny McCloskey ||3.71%|| 266 ||275.45 ||307.30 || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,372''' Bailí:'''7,163''' Millte:''' 136''' Cuóta:'''1,194''' Vótóirí:'''7,299 (54.58%) |} ===An Speirín === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Speirín - 7 suíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6!! Comhair 7!! Comhair 8!! Comhair 9!! Comhair 10 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Paul Boggs'''|| 16.87% ||'''1,993'''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Fergal Leonard'''|| 13.97% ||'''1,650 '''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Brian Harte'''|| 9.52% ||1,125 ||'''1,480.00 ''' || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Jason Barr* ‡'''|| 6.87% ||811 ||847.75 ||896.35 ||924.09 ||953.92 ||1,019.53 ||1,174.93 ||1,208.93 ||'''1,569.93 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || '''Raymond Barr*'''|| 8.35% ||985 ||1,014.75 ||1,024.11 ||1,053.11 ||1,110.65 ||1,157.02 ||1,206.45 ||1,217.45 ||1,345.06 ||'''1,414.91''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Allan Bresland* †''' ||10.11% ||1,194 ||1,194.00 ||1,194.00 ||1,198.00 ||1,200.00 ||1,208.00 ||1,217.18 ||1,401.18 ||1,412.43 ||'''1,412.98''' |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||'''Paul Gallagher*'''|| 8.82% ||1,042 ||1,065.50 ||1,072.52 ||1,079.52 ||1,129.17 ||1,164.41 ||1,194.95 ||1,198.95 ||1,277.64 ||'''1,297.00''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] ||[[Maurice Devenney]]* ||8.16% ||964 ||964.00 ||964.18 ||967.18 ||967.43 ||968.43 ||973.43 ||1,201.43 ||1,206.43 ||1,208.08 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Tommy Forbes|| 4.55% ||538 ||559.50 ||596.58 ||613.71 ||634.50 ||689.86 ||787.75 ||810.93 || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Glen Miller|| 4.14% ||489 ||489.25 ||489.43 ||490.43 ||491.43 ||501.43 ||557.43 || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Mel Boyle ||3.23% ||381 ||390.50 ||407.60 ||411.21 ||451.58 ||488.74 || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Patsy Kelly ||2.08% ||246 ||256.75 ||284.83 ||294.73 ||312.09 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Carol Gallagher ||1.91%|| 226 ||233.75 ||240.41 ||254.56 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Darán Mac Meanman ||1.42% ||168 ||169.50 ||182.64 || || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''19,143 ''' Bailí:'''11,812''' Millte:''' 183''' Cuóta:'''1,477''' Vótóirí:''' 11,995(62.66%) |} ===An Móinteán === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Móinteán - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||'''[[Gary Donnelly]]*'''|| 25.25% ||'''1,868 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Aisling Hutton'''|| 17.80% ||'''1,317 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''John Boyle*'''|| 10.29% ||761 ||829.46 ||877.72 ||933.00 ||'''1,280.00 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Patricia Logue*'''|| 14.45% ||1,069 ||1,163.92 ||1,173.34 ||1,219.22 ||'''1,255.22'''|| |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Emma McGinley* '''||12.33% ||912 ||983.40 ||985.40 ||1,013.86 ||1,043.00 ||'''1,109.18''' |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Maeve O'Neill*|| 7.81% ||578 ||765.74 ||796.94 ||883.74 ||951.96 ||957.90 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Dermott Henderson ||6.02% ||445 ||505.06 ||543.00 ||584.60 || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Darryl Christy|| 4.07% ||301 ||429.10 ||439.04|| || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Michael Downey|| 1.97% ||146 ||161.54 || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''13,403 ''' Bailí:'''7,397''' Millte:''' 201''' Cuóta:'''1,233''' Vótóirí:''' 7,598 (56.69%) |} ===Bruach an Uisce=== ==Athruithe i rith an téarma== ===† Comhthofa=== ===‡ Athruithe ceangail === == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Toghcháin agus reifrinn i dTuaisceart Éireann}} [[Catagóir:2023]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Stair Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023]] fj2bgo1rc3ds2hsvfw8g5x9vmlc24dw 1331827 1331824 2026-11-04T21:36:16Z Conradder 34685 /* Bruach an Uisce */ 1331827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Toghchán}} Reáchtáladh '''Toghchán Chomhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin''' ar 18 Bealtaine 2023, le gach dara [[Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023|Toghcháin Áitiúla]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart Éireann, coicís tar éis na dtoghchán áitiúil i Sasana.]]. Cuireadh moill coicíse ar thoghcháin Thuaisceart Éireann chun comhthráth a sheachaint le [[Corónú Shéarlais III agus Camilla]]. Toghadh 40 ar [[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|an chomhairle]] trí [[Aonvóta inaistrithe]] == Torthaí== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! colspan="10" | Toradh Toghcháin 2023 i g[[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|Cathair Dhoire agus Ceantar an tSratha Báin]] |- ! colspan ="2" |Páirtí ! Suíocháin ! Méaduithe ! Caillteanais ! Glan-mhéadú <br/>nó caillteanas ! Suíocháin % ! Vótaí % ! Vótaí ! +/− |- ! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | | [[Sinn Féin]] ||18 ||7||0 ||{{increase}}7||45.00||'''38.73'''||'''24,658'''||{{increase}}10.62 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | | [[PSDLO]] ||10 ||0||1|| {{decrease}}1||25.00||19.93||12,689||{{decrease}}5.54 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | | [[PAD]] ||5 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||12.50 ||12.49||7,995||{{decrease}}2.21 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | | [[PAU]] ||3||1||0||{{increase}}1 ||7.50 ||8.47||5,393||{{increase}}1.67 |- ! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | | [[Comhalta neamhspleách|Neamhspleách]] ||3 ||0 ||1||{{increase}}1||7.50||7.74||4,927||{{decrease}}4.87 |- !scope="row" style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| |[[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] ||1 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||2.50||5.22||3,320||{{decrease}}0.69 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | | [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||0 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||0.00||4.47||2,849||{{decrease}}0.23 |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};"| |[[Aontú]]||0 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||0.00||2,95||1,878||{{increase}}1.25 |- ! colspan ="2" | Iomlán: || 40 || || || || || || 63,669|| |- |} <small>'''Nóta''': Is iad "vótaí" an chéad rogha vótaí</small> == Achoimre dhúiche== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- class="unsortable" align="centre" !rowspan=2 align="left"|Ceantar ! % <br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> !rowspan=2|Iomlán<br />Comhairleoirí<br /> |- class="unsortable" align="center" !colspan=2 | Sinn Féin ! colspan=2 | PSDLO ! colspan=2| PAD !colspan=2 | PAU !colspan=2 | PRB ! colspan=2 | PCTÉ !colspan=2 | Neamhspleách <br/> agus eile |- |align="left"|Baile Arnoid |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |33.5 |'''3''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.5 |0 {{steady}} |4.5 |0 {{steady}} |9.1 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''6''' |- |align="left"|Dearg |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |8.5 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |19.5 |'''1''' {{steady}} |16.1 |'''1''' {{steady}} |1.3 |0 {{steady}} |2.1 |0 {{steady}} |7.1 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Fhuachonbháil |bgcolor="#008800"|29.1 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |18.9 |'''1''' {{steady}} |20.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |15.8 |'''1''' {{increase}} 1 |3.8 |0 {{steady}} |8.6 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |3.4 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Fheabhail |bgcolor="#008800"|41.3 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |35.4 |'''2''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |13.7 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.7 |0 {{steady}} |5.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Speirín |bgcolor="#008800"|40.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |11.4 |'''1''' {{steady}} |18.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |4.1 |0 {{steady}} |1.9 |0 {{steady}} |3.2 |0 {{steady}} |20.7 |'''2''' {{steady}} |'''7''' |- |align="left"|An Móinteán |bgcolor="#008800"|44.6 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |16.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.8 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |2.0 |0 {{steady}} |29.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Uisce |bgcolor="#008800"|27.2 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |19.0 |'''2''' {{steady}} |22.8 |'''2''' {{steady}} |20.6 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.6 |0 {{steady}} |6.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |'''7''' |- class="unsortable" class="sortbottom" style="background:#C9C9C9" |align="left"| '''Iomlán''' |'''38.73''' |'''18''' {{increase}} 7 |'''19.93''' |'''10''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''12.49''' |'''5''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''8.47''' |'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |'''5.22''' |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''4.47''' |'''0''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''10.69''' |'''3''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''40''' |- |} ==Torthaí na ndúichí== ===Baile Arnoid === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Baile Arnoid - 6 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sandra Duffy*'''|| 22.22% ||'''2,164'''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Rory Farrell*'''|| 14.43% ||'''1,405 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''John McGowan* †'''|| 13.34% ||1,299 ||'''1,601.05'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Pat Murphy'''|| 9.86% ||960 ||1,256.10 ||1,289.65 ||'''1,474.93''' || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Brian Tierney* ‡‡'''|| 10.33% ||1,006 ||1,057.80 ||1,128.50 ||1,136.42 ||1,165.70 ||'''1,338.70''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Catherine McDaid'''|| 8.79%|| 856 ||896.25 ||1,052.80 ||1,059.04 ||1,086.40 ||'''1,318.40''' |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Emmet Doyle* ||9.11% ||887 ||909.40 ||944.45 ||945.89 ||955.73 ||1,147.73 |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Doherty ||7.46% ||727|| 745.20 ||852.45 ||855.33 ||869.25 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Colm Cavanagh ||4.48% ||436 ||457.35|| || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 19,139''' Bailí:'''9,740''' Millte:''' 189''' Cuóta:'''1,392''' Vótóirí:''' 9,929 (51.88%) |} ===Dearg=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Dearg - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Keith Kerrigan*'''|| 19.52% ||'''1,669 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Ruairí McHugh*'''|| 16.87%|| '''1,442 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''[[Derek Hussey]]*'''|| 16.11% ||1,377 ||'''1,592.88 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Antaine Ó Fearghail'''|| 14.00% ||1,197 ||1,197.00 ||1,197.28 ||1,255.28 ||'''1,371.56''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Caroline Devine'''|| 14.57% ||1,246 ||1,246.14 ||1,246.28 ||1,306.28 ||'''1,342.56''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Steven Edwards*|| 8.46% ||723 ||726.78 ||748.20 ||888.74 ||1,151.34 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Andy Patton ||5.93% ||507 ||514.42 ||586.94 ||689.24|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Anne Murray|| 2.07% ||177 ||178.26 ||207.24 || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Adam McGinley|| 1.31% ||112 ||112.56 ||120.68 || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Leza Houston ||1.16% ||99 ||99.00 ||102.78|| || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,672''' Bailí:'''8,549 ''' Millte:''' 111 ''' Cuóta:'''1,425''' Vótóirí:'''8,660 (63.33%) |} ===An Fhuachonbháil === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Fhuachonbháil - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''Ryan McCready* †'''|| 15.84% ||1,282 ||'''1,414'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Declan Norris* '''||11.35% ||919 ||984 ||989.22 ||'''1,396.22 '''|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Julie Middleton]] †'''|| 12.21% ||988 ||1,016 ||1,032.82 ||1,037.82 ||1,659.82 || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Alex Duffy*'''|| 14.74% ||1,193 ||1,244 ||1,244.58 ||1,325.16 ||1,325.16 ||'''1,326.16''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sean Fleming'''|| 14.35% ||1,162 ||1,201 ||1,201.58 ||1,241.58 ||1,242.58 ||'''1,243.48''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Rachael Ferguson* ||8.59% ||695 ||813 ||826.34 ||947.50 ||962.88 ||1,054.88 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || Gary Wilkinson|| 8.07% ||653 ||685 ||708.20 ||712.78|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Hayley Canning|| 7.58% ||614 ||682 ||685.48 || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Gallagher ||3.83% ||310 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Graham Warke*|| 3.45% ||279 || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''14,532 ''' Bailí:'''8,095 ''' Millte:''' 93 ''' Cuóta:'''1,350''' Vótóirí:''' 8,188 (56.34%) |} === Taobh an Fheabhail === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Taobh an Fheabhail - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Conor Heaney*'''|| 25.77% ||'''1,846 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Grace Uí Niallais'''|| 15.57% ||1,115 ||'''1,635.80 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||'''Shaun Harkin*'''|| 13.67% ||979 ||999.65 ||1,074.90 ||1,140.15 ||'''1,239.15''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Shauna Cusack* ‡'''|| 13.23% ||948 ||984.75 ||1,072.25 ||1,131.35 ||'''1,200.35''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''[[Lilian Seenoi-Barr]]*'''|| 13.40% ||960 ||988.00 ||1,073.40 ||1,130.30 ||'''1,177.30''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Stephen McCallion ||8.74%|| 626 ||638.60 ||672.55 ||734.70 ||777.70 |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Seán Mac Cearáin ||5.91% ||423 ||434.55 ||472.70 ||493.50 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Danny McCloskey ||3.71%|| 266 ||275.45 ||307.30 || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,372''' Bailí:'''7,163''' Millte:''' 136''' Cuóta:'''1,194''' Vótóirí:'''7,299 (54.58%) |} ===An Speirín === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Speirín - 7 suíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6!! Comhair 7!! Comhair 8!! Comhair 9!! Comhair 10 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Paul Boggs'''|| 16.87% ||'''1,993'''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Fergal Leonard'''|| 13.97% ||'''1,650 '''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Brian Harte'''|| 9.52% ||1,125 ||'''1,480.00 ''' || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Jason Barr* ‡'''|| 6.87% ||811 ||847.75 ||896.35 ||924.09 ||953.92 ||1,019.53 ||1,174.93 ||1,208.93 ||'''1,569.93 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || '''Raymond Barr*'''|| 8.35% ||985 ||1,014.75 ||1,024.11 ||1,053.11 ||1,110.65 ||1,157.02 ||1,206.45 ||1,217.45 ||1,345.06 ||'''1,414.91''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Allan Bresland* †''' ||10.11% ||1,194 ||1,194.00 ||1,194.00 ||1,198.00 ||1,200.00 ||1,208.00 ||1,217.18 ||1,401.18 ||1,412.43 ||'''1,412.98''' |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||'''Paul Gallagher*'''|| 8.82% ||1,042 ||1,065.50 ||1,072.52 ||1,079.52 ||1,129.17 ||1,164.41 ||1,194.95 ||1,198.95 ||1,277.64 ||'''1,297.00''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] ||[[Maurice Devenney]]* ||8.16% ||964 ||964.00 ||964.18 ||967.18 ||967.43 ||968.43 ||973.43 ||1,201.43 ||1,206.43 ||1,208.08 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Tommy Forbes|| 4.55% ||538 ||559.50 ||596.58 ||613.71 ||634.50 ||689.86 ||787.75 ||810.93 || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Glen Miller|| 4.14% ||489 ||489.25 ||489.43 ||490.43 ||491.43 ||501.43 ||557.43 || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Mel Boyle ||3.23% ||381 ||390.50 ||407.60 ||411.21 ||451.58 ||488.74 || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Patsy Kelly ||2.08% ||246 ||256.75 ||284.83 ||294.73 ||312.09 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Carol Gallagher ||1.91%|| 226 ||233.75 ||240.41 ||254.56 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Darán Mac Meanman ||1.42% ||168 ||169.50 ||182.64 || || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''19,143 ''' Bailí:'''11,812''' Millte:''' 183''' Cuóta:'''1,477''' Vótóirí:''' 11,995(62.66%) |} ===An Móinteán === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Móinteán - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||'''[[Gary Donnelly]]*'''|| 25.25% ||'''1,868 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Aisling Hutton'''|| 17.80% ||'''1,317 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''John Boyle*'''|| 10.29% ||761 ||829.46 ||877.72 ||933.00 ||'''1,280.00 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Patricia Logue*'''|| 14.45% ||1,069 ||1,163.92 ||1,173.34 ||1,219.22 ||'''1,255.22'''|| |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Emma McGinley* '''||12.33% ||912 ||983.40 ||985.40 ||1,013.86 ||1,043.00 ||'''1,109.18''' |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Maeve O'Neill*|| 7.81% ||578 ||765.74 ||796.94 ||883.74 ||951.96 ||957.90 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Dermott Henderson ||6.02% ||445 ||505.06 ||543.00 ||584.60 || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Darryl Christy|| 4.07% ||301 ||429.10 ||439.04|| || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Michael Downey|| 1.97% ||146 ||161.54 || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''13,403 ''' Bailí:'''7,397''' Millte:''' 201''' Cuóta:'''1,233''' Vótóirí:''' 7,598 (56.69%) |} ===Taobh an Uisce=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Taobh an Uisce- 7 suíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6!! Comhair 7 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Caitlin Deeney †'''|| 17.86% ||'''1,949'''|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || '''Darren Guy*'''|| 16.47% ||'''1,797 '''|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Christopher Jackson*'''|| 9.34% ||1,019 ||'''1,540.10''' || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Chelsea Cooke'''|| 11.56% ||1,262 ||1,262.30 ||1,316.54 ||1,319.54 ||1,320.05 ||'''1,526.05'''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Niree McMorris*'''|| 11.23% ||1,225 ||1,225 ||1,279.72 ||1,281.72 ||1,282.06 ||'''1,368.06 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Sean Mooney*'''||9.81% ||1,071 ||1,105.20 ||1,109.76 ||1,213.90 ||1,323.55 ||1,355.11 ||'''1,361.11''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Martin Reilly*'''|| 9.22% ||1,006 ||1,013.80 ||1,020.28 ||1,092.26 ||1,120.65 ||1,154.21 ||'''1,163.21''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Philip McKinney* ||6.85% ||748 ||758.50 ||773.62 ||916.54 ||945.10 ||1,105.05 ||1,153.05 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Janice Montgomery ||4.11% ||448 ||448.30 ||737.50 ||743.46 ||744.82|| || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Davina Pulvis|| 3.56% ||388 ||393.70 ||396.34 || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''21,240 ''' Bailí:'''10,913''' Millte:''' 202''' Cuóta:'''1,365''' Vótóirí:''' 11,115 (52.33%) |} ==Athruithe i rith an téarma== ===† Comhthofa=== ===‡ Athruithe ceangail === == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Toghcháin agus reifrinn i dTuaisceart Éireann}} [[Catagóir:2023]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Stair Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023]] 3f4elcel2p8t8qg35t2ssr43k1yfi4a 1331830 1331827 2026-11-04T21:43:46Z Conradder 34685 /* † Comhthofa */ 1331830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Toghchán}} Reáchtáladh '''Toghchán Chomhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin''' ar 18 Bealtaine 2023, le gach dara [[Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023|Toghcháin Áitiúla]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart Éireann, coicís tar éis na dtoghchán áitiúil i Sasana.]]. Cuireadh moill coicíse ar thoghcháin Thuaisceart Éireann chun comhthráth a sheachaint le [[Corónú Shéarlais III agus Camilla]]. Toghadh 40 ar [[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|an chomhairle]] trí [[Aonvóta inaistrithe]] == Torthaí== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! colspan="10" | Toradh Toghcháin 2023 i g[[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|Cathair Dhoire agus Ceantar an tSratha Báin]] |- ! colspan ="2" |Páirtí ! Suíocháin ! Méaduithe ! Caillteanais ! Glan-mhéadú <br/>nó caillteanas ! Suíocháin % ! Vótaí % ! Vótaí ! +/− |- ! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | | [[Sinn Féin]] ||18 ||7||0 ||{{increase}}7||45.00||'''38.73'''||'''24,658'''||{{increase}}10.62 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | | [[PSDLO]] ||10 ||0||1|| {{decrease}}1||25.00||19.93||12,689||{{decrease}}5.54 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | | [[PAD]] ||5 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||12.50 ||12.49||7,995||{{decrease}}2.21 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | | [[PAU]] ||3||1||0||{{increase}}1 ||7.50 ||8.47||5,393||{{increase}}1.67 |- ! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | | [[Comhalta neamhspleách|Neamhspleách]] ||3 ||0 ||1||{{increase}}1||7.50||7.74||4,927||{{decrease}}4.87 |- !scope="row" style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| |[[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] ||1 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||2.50||5.22||3,320||{{decrease}}0.69 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | | [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||0 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||0.00||4.47||2,849||{{decrease}}0.23 |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};"| |[[Aontú]]||0 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||0.00||2,95||1,878||{{increase}}1.25 |- ! colspan ="2" | Iomlán: || 40 || || || || || || 63,669|| |- |} <small>'''Nóta''': Is iad "vótaí" an chéad rogha vótaí</small> == Achoimre dhúiche== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- class="unsortable" align="centre" !rowspan=2 align="left"|Ceantar ! % <br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> !rowspan=2|Iomlán<br />Comhairleoirí<br /> |- class="unsortable" align="center" !colspan=2 | Sinn Féin ! colspan=2 | PSDLO ! colspan=2| PAD !colspan=2 | PAU !colspan=2 | PRB ! colspan=2 | PCTÉ !colspan=2 | Neamhspleách <br/> agus eile |- |align="left"|Baile Arnoid |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |33.5 |'''3''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.5 |0 {{steady}} |4.5 |0 {{steady}} |9.1 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''6''' |- |align="left"|Dearg |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |8.5 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |19.5 |'''1''' {{steady}} |16.1 |'''1''' {{steady}} |1.3 |0 {{steady}} |2.1 |0 {{steady}} |7.1 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Fhuachonbháil |bgcolor="#008800"|29.1 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |18.9 |'''1''' {{steady}} |20.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |15.8 |'''1''' {{increase}} 1 |3.8 |0 {{steady}} |8.6 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |3.4 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Fheabhail |bgcolor="#008800"|41.3 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |35.4 |'''2''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |13.7 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.7 |0 {{steady}} |5.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Speirín |bgcolor="#008800"|40.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |11.4 |'''1''' {{steady}} |18.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |4.1 |0 {{steady}} |1.9 |0 {{steady}} |3.2 |0 {{steady}} |20.7 |'''2''' {{steady}} |'''7''' |- |align="left"|An Móinteán |bgcolor="#008800"|44.6 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |16.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.8 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |2.0 |0 {{steady}} |29.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Uisce |bgcolor="#008800"|27.2 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |19.0 |'''2''' {{steady}} |22.8 |'''2''' {{steady}} |20.6 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.6 |0 {{steady}} |6.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |'''7''' |- class="unsortable" class="sortbottom" style="background:#C9C9C9" |align="left"| '''Iomlán''' |'''38.73''' |'''18''' {{increase}} 7 |'''19.93''' |'''10''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''12.49''' |'''5''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''8.47''' |'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |'''5.22''' |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''4.47''' |'''0''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''10.69''' |'''3''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''40''' |- |} ==Torthaí na ndúichí== ===Baile Arnoid === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Baile Arnoid - 6 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sandra Duffy*'''|| 22.22% ||'''2,164'''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Rory Farrell*'''|| 14.43% ||'''1,405 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''John McGowan* †'''|| 13.34% ||1,299 ||'''1,601.05'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Pat Murphy'''|| 9.86% ||960 ||1,256.10 ||1,289.65 ||'''1,474.93''' || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Brian Tierney* ‡‡'''|| 10.33% ||1,006 ||1,057.80 ||1,128.50 ||1,136.42 ||1,165.70 ||'''1,338.70''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Catherine McDaid'''|| 8.79%|| 856 ||896.25 ||1,052.80 ||1,059.04 ||1,086.40 ||'''1,318.40''' |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Emmet Doyle* ||9.11% ||887 ||909.40 ||944.45 ||945.89 ||955.73 ||1,147.73 |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Doherty ||7.46% ||727|| 745.20 ||852.45 ||855.33 ||869.25 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Colm Cavanagh ||4.48% ||436 ||457.35|| || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 19,139''' Bailí:'''9,740''' Millte:''' 189''' Cuóta:'''1,392''' Vótóirí:''' 9,929 (51.88%) |} ===Dearg=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Dearg - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Keith Kerrigan*'''|| 19.52% ||'''1,669 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Ruairí McHugh*'''|| 16.87%|| '''1,442 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''[[Derek Hussey]]*'''|| 16.11% ||1,377 ||'''1,592.88 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Antaine Ó Fearghail'''|| 14.00% ||1,197 ||1,197.00 ||1,197.28 ||1,255.28 ||'''1,371.56''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Caroline Devine'''|| 14.57% ||1,246 ||1,246.14 ||1,246.28 ||1,306.28 ||'''1,342.56''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Steven Edwards*|| 8.46% ||723 ||726.78 ||748.20 ||888.74 ||1,151.34 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Andy Patton ||5.93% ||507 ||514.42 ||586.94 ||689.24|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Anne Murray|| 2.07% ||177 ||178.26 ||207.24 || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Adam McGinley|| 1.31% ||112 ||112.56 ||120.68 || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Leza Houston ||1.16% ||99 ||99.00 ||102.78|| || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,672''' Bailí:'''8,549 ''' Millte:''' 111 ''' Cuóta:'''1,425''' Vótóirí:'''8,660 (63.33%) |} ===An Fhuachonbháil === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Fhuachonbháil - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''Ryan McCready* †'''|| 15.84% ||1,282 ||'''1,414'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Declan Norris* '''||11.35% ||919 ||984 ||989.22 ||'''1,396.22 '''|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Julie Middleton]] †'''|| 12.21% ||988 ||1,016 ||1,032.82 ||1,037.82 ||1,659.82 || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Alex Duffy*'''|| 14.74% ||1,193 ||1,244 ||1,244.58 ||1,325.16 ||1,325.16 ||'''1,326.16''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sean Fleming'''|| 14.35% ||1,162 ||1,201 ||1,201.58 ||1,241.58 ||1,242.58 ||'''1,243.48''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Rachael Ferguson* ||8.59% ||695 ||813 ||826.34 ||947.50 ||962.88 ||1,054.88 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || Gary Wilkinson|| 8.07% ||653 ||685 ||708.20 ||712.78|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Hayley Canning|| 7.58% ||614 ||682 ||685.48 || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Gallagher ||3.83% ||310 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Graham Warke*|| 3.45% ||279 || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''14,532 ''' Bailí:'''8,095 ''' Millte:''' 93 ''' Cuóta:'''1,350''' Vótóirí:''' 8,188 (56.34%) |} === Taobh an Fheabhail === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Taobh an Fheabhail - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Conor Heaney*'''|| 25.77% ||'''1,846 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Grace Uí Niallais'''|| 15.57% ||1,115 ||'''1,635.80 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||'''Shaun Harkin*'''|| 13.67% ||979 ||999.65 ||1,074.90 ||1,140.15 ||'''1,239.15''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Shauna Cusack* ‡'''|| 13.23% ||948 ||984.75 ||1,072.25 ||1,131.35 ||'''1,200.35''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''[[Lilian Seenoi-Barr]]*'''|| 13.40% ||960 ||988.00 ||1,073.40 ||1,130.30 ||'''1,177.30''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Stephen McCallion ||8.74%|| 626 ||638.60 ||672.55 ||734.70 ||777.70 |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Seán Mac Cearáin ||5.91% ||423 ||434.55 ||472.70 ||493.50 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Danny McCloskey ||3.71%|| 266 ||275.45 ||307.30 || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,372''' Bailí:'''7,163''' Millte:''' 136''' Cuóta:'''1,194''' Vótóirí:'''7,299 (54.58%) |} ===An Speirín === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Speirín - 7 suíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6!! Comhair 7!! Comhair 8!! Comhair 9!! Comhair 10 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Paul Boggs'''|| 16.87% ||'''1,993'''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Fergal Leonard'''|| 13.97% ||'''1,650 '''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Brian Harte'''|| 9.52% ||1,125 ||'''1,480.00 ''' || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Jason Barr* ‡'''|| 6.87% ||811 ||847.75 ||896.35 ||924.09 ||953.92 ||1,019.53 ||1,174.93 ||1,208.93 ||'''1,569.93 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || '''Raymond Barr*'''|| 8.35% ||985 ||1,014.75 ||1,024.11 ||1,053.11 ||1,110.65 ||1,157.02 ||1,206.45 ||1,217.45 ||1,345.06 ||'''1,414.91''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Allan Bresland* †''' ||10.11% ||1,194 ||1,194.00 ||1,194.00 ||1,198.00 ||1,200.00 ||1,208.00 ||1,217.18 ||1,401.18 ||1,412.43 ||'''1,412.98''' |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||'''Paul Gallagher*'''|| 8.82% ||1,042 ||1,065.50 ||1,072.52 ||1,079.52 ||1,129.17 ||1,164.41 ||1,194.95 ||1,198.95 ||1,277.64 ||'''1,297.00''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] ||[[Maurice Devenney]]* ||8.16% ||964 ||964.00 ||964.18 ||967.18 ||967.43 ||968.43 ||973.43 ||1,201.43 ||1,206.43 ||1,208.08 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Tommy Forbes|| 4.55% ||538 ||559.50 ||596.58 ||613.71 ||634.50 ||689.86 ||787.75 ||810.93 || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Glen Miller|| 4.14% ||489 ||489.25 ||489.43 ||490.43 ||491.43 ||501.43 ||557.43 || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Mel Boyle ||3.23% ||381 ||390.50 ||407.60 ||411.21 ||451.58 ||488.74 || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Patsy Kelly ||2.08% ||246 ||256.75 ||284.83 ||294.73 ||312.09 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Carol Gallagher ||1.91%|| 226 ||233.75 ||240.41 ||254.56 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Darán Mac Meanman ||1.42% ||168 ||169.50 ||182.64 || || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''19,143 ''' Bailí:'''11,812''' Millte:''' 183''' Cuóta:'''1,477''' Vótóirí:''' 11,995(62.66%) |} ===An Móinteán === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Móinteán - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||'''[[Gary Donnelly]]*'''|| 25.25% ||'''1,868 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Aisling Hutton'''|| 17.80% ||'''1,317 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''John Boyle*'''|| 10.29% ||761 ||829.46 ||877.72 ||933.00 ||'''1,280.00 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Patricia Logue*'''|| 14.45% ||1,069 ||1,163.92 ||1,173.34 ||1,219.22 ||'''1,255.22'''|| |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Emma McGinley* '''||12.33% ||912 ||983.40 ||985.40 ||1,013.86 ||1,043.00 ||'''1,109.18''' |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Maeve O'Neill*|| 7.81% ||578 ||765.74 ||796.94 ||883.74 ||951.96 ||957.90 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Dermott Henderson ||6.02% ||445 ||505.06 ||543.00 ||584.60 || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Darryl Christy|| 4.07% ||301 ||429.10 ||439.04|| || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Michael Downey|| 1.97% ||146 ||161.54 || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''13,403 ''' Bailí:'''7,397''' Millte:''' 201''' Cuóta:'''1,233''' Vótóirí:''' 7,598 (56.69%) |} ===Taobh an Uisce=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Taobh an Uisce- 7 suíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6!! Comhair 7 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Caitlin Deeney †'''|| 17.86% ||'''1,949'''|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || '''Darren Guy*'''|| 16.47% ||'''1,797 '''|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Christopher Jackson*'''|| 9.34% ||1,019 ||'''1,540.10''' || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Chelsea Cooke'''|| 11.56% ||1,262 ||1,262.30 ||1,316.54 ||1,319.54 ||1,320.05 ||'''1,526.05'''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Niree McMorris*'''|| 11.23% ||1,225 ||1,225 ||1,279.72 ||1,281.72 ||1,282.06 ||'''1,368.06 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Sean Mooney*'''||9.81% ||1,071 ||1,105.20 ||1,109.76 ||1,213.90 ||1,323.55 ||1,355.11 ||'''1,361.11''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Martin Reilly*'''|| 9.22% ||1,006 ||1,013.80 ||1,020.28 ||1,092.26 ||1,120.65 ||1,154.21 ||'''1,163.21''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Philip McKinney* ||6.85% ||748 ||758.50 ||773.62 ||916.54 ||945.10 ||1,105.05 ||1,153.05 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Janice Montgomery ||4.11% ||448 ||448.30 ||737.50 ||743.46 ||744.82|| || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Davina Pulvis|| 3.56% ||388 ||393.70 ||396.34 || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''21,240 ''' Bailí:'''10,913''' Millte:''' 202''' Cuóta:'''1,365''' Vótóirí:''' 11,115 (52.33%) |} ==Athruithe i rith an téarma== ===† Comhthofa=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; font-size: 95%" !Dáta !Ceantar !colspan="2"|Páirtí !Comhairleoir atá <br/>ag dul as oifig !Comhairleoir <br/>ag comhthoghadh !Fáth |- |20 Deireadh Fómhair 2023 | An Speirín | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || | [[PAD]] |[[Allan Bresland]] |Gary Wilkinson | Chuaigh Bresland ar scor |- |29 Eanáir 2024 |An Fhuachonbháil | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] |Ryan McCready | Janice Montgomery | D'éirigh McCready as |- |19 Feabhra 2024 |Baile Arnoid | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] |John McGowan | Amanda Clarke | D'éirigh McGowan as |- |3 Nollaig 2025 |Taobh an Uisce | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] |Caitlin Deeney | Liz McGowan | D'éirigh Deeney as |- |13 Bealtaine 2026 | An Fhuachonbháil | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || | [[PAD]] |[[Julie Middleton]] |Amanda Lynch | Comhthoghadh Middleton ar [[Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann|Thionól Thuaisceart Éireann]] |- |} ===‡ Athruithe ceangail === == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Toghcháin agus reifrinn i dTuaisceart Éireann}} [[Catagóir:2023]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Stair Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023]] 0nrd6cnb22ktn5mwjk3tp46q1g8mbpf 1331832 1331830 2026-11-04T21:54:42Z Conradder 34685 /* ‡ Athruithe ceangail */ 1331832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Toghchán}} Reáchtáladh '''Toghchán Chomhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin''' ar 18 Bealtaine 2023, le gach dara [[Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023|Toghcháin Áitiúla]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart Éireann, coicís tar éis na dtoghchán áitiúil i Sasana.]]. Cuireadh moill coicíse ar thoghcháin Thuaisceart Éireann chun comhthráth a sheachaint le [[Corónú Shéarlais III agus Camilla]]. Toghadh 40 ar [[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|an chomhairle]] trí [[Aonvóta inaistrithe]] == Torthaí== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! colspan="10" | Toradh Toghcháin 2023 i g[[Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin|Cathair Dhoire agus Ceantar an tSratha Báin]] |- ! colspan ="2" |Páirtí ! Suíocháin ! Méaduithe ! Caillteanais ! Glan-mhéadú <br/>nó caillteanas ! Suíocháin % ! Vótaí % ! Vótaí ! +/− |- ! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | | [[Sinn Féin]] ||18 ||7||0 ||{{increase}}7||45.00||'''38.73'''||'''24,658'''||{{increase}}10.62 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | | [[PSDLO]] ||10 ||0||1|| {{decrease}}1||25.00||19.93||12,689||{{decrease}}5.54 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | | [[PAD]] ||5 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||12.50 ||12.49||7,995||{{decrease}}2.21 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | | [[PAU]] ||3||1||0||{{increase}}1 ||7.50 ||8.47||5,393||{{increase}}1.67 |- ! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | | [[Comhalta neamhspleách|Neamhspleách]] ||3 ||0 ||1||{{increase}}1||7.50||7.74||4,927||{{decrease}}4.87 |- !scope="row" style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| |[[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]] ||1 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||2.50||5.22||3,320||{{decrease}}0.69 |- ! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | | [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||0 ||0 ||2 ||{{decrease}}2 ||0.00||4.47||2,849||{{decrease}}0.23 |- |scope="row" style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};"| |[[Aontú]]||0 ||0 ||1 ||{{decrease}}1 ||0.00||2,95||1,878||{{increase}}1.25 |- ! colspan ="2" | Iomlán: || 40 || || || || || || 63,669|| |- |} <small>'''Nóta''': Is iad "vótaí" an chéad rogha vótaí</small> == Achoimre dhúiche== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- class="unsortable" align="centre" !rowspan=2 align="left"|Ceantar ! % <br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> ! %<br /> !Comhairleoirí<br /> !rowspan=2|Iomlán<br />Comhairleoirí<br /> |- class="unsortable" align="center" !colspan=2 | Sinn Féin ! colspan=2 | PSDLO ! colspan=2| PAD !colspan=2 | PAU !colspan=2 | PRB ! colspan=2 | PCTÉ !colspan=2 | Neamhspleách <br/> agus eile |- |align="left"|Baile Arnoid |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |33.5 |'''3''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.5 |0 {{steady}} |4.5 |0 {{steady}} |9.1 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''6''' |- |align="left"|Dearg |bgcolor="#008800"|45.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |8.5 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |19.5 |'''1''' {{steady}} |16.1 |'''1''' {{steady}} |1.3 |0 {{steady}} |2.1 |0 {{steady}} |7.1 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Fhuachonbháil |bgcolor="#008800"|29.1 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |18.9 |'''1''' {{steady}} |20.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |15.8 |'''1''' {{increase}} 1 |3.8 |0 {{steady}} |8.6 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |3.4 |0 {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Fheabhail |bgcolor="#008800"|41.3 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |35.4 |'''2''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |13.7 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.7 |0 {{steady}} |5.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |'''5''' |- |align="left"|An Speirín |bgcolor="#008800"|40.4 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |11.4 |'''1''' {{steady}} |18.3 |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |4.1 |0 {{steady}} |1.9 |0 {{steady}} |3.2 |0 {{steady}} |20.7 |'''2''' {{steady}} |'''7''' |- |align="left"|An Móinteán |bgcolor="#008800"|44.6 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |16.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |7.8 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |2.0 |0 {{steady}} |29.3 |'''1''' {{steady}} |'''5''' |- |align="left"|Taobh an Uisce |bgcolor="#008800"|27.2 |bgcolor="#008800"|'''2''' {{increase}} 1 |19.0 |'''2''' {{steady}} |22.8 |'''2''' {{steady}} |20.6 |'''1''' {{steady}} |3.6 |0 {{steady}} |6.9 |0 {{decrease}} 1 |0.0 |0 {{steady}} |'''7''' |- class="unsortable" class="sortbottom" style="background:#C9C9C9" |align="left"| '''Iomlán''' |'''38.73''' |'''18''' {{increase}} 7 |'''19.93''' |'''10''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''12.49''' |'''5''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''8.47''' |'''3''' {{increase}} 1 |'''5.22''' |'''1''' {{decrease}} 1 |'''4.47''' |'''0''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''10.69''' |'''3''' {{decrease}} 2 |'''40''' |- |} ==Torthaí na ndúichí== ===Baile Arnoid === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Baile Arnoid - 6 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sandra Duffy*'''|| 22.22% ||'''2,164'''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Rory Farrell*'''|| 14.43% ||'''1,405 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''John McGowan* †'''|| 13.34% ||1,299 ||'''1,601.05'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Pat Murphy'''|| 9.86% ||960 ||1,256.10 ||1,289.65 ||'''1,474.93''' || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Brian Tierney* ‡‡'''|| 10.33% ||1,006 ||1,057.80 ||1,128.50 ||1,136.42 ||1,165.70 ||'''1,338.70''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]|| '''Catherine McDaid'''|| 8.79%|| 856 ||896.25 ||1,052.80 ||1,059.04 ||1,086.40 ||'''1,318.40''' |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Emmet Doyle* ||9.11% ||887 ||909.40 ||944.45 ||945.89 ||955.73 ||1,147.73 |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Doherty ||7.46% ||727|| 745.20 ||852.45 ||855.33 ||869.25 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Colm Cavanagh ||4.48% ||436 ||457.35|| || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 19,139''' Bailí:'''9,740''' Millte:''' 189''' Cuóta:'''1,392''' Vótóirí:''' 9,929 (51.88%) |} ===Dearg=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Dearg - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Keith Kerrigan*'''|| 19.52% ||'''1,669 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Ruairí McHugh*'''|| 16.87%|| '''1,442 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''[[Derek Hussey]]*'''|| 16.11% ||1,377 ||'''1,592.88 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Antaine Ó Fearghail'''|| 14.00% ||1,197 ||1,197.00 ||1,197.28 ||1,255.28 ||'''1,371.56''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Caroline Devine'''|| 14.57% ||1,246 ||1,246.14 ||1,246.28 ||1,306.28 ||'''1,342.56''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Steven Edwards*|| 8.46% ||723 ||726.78 ||748.20 ||888.74 ||1,151.34 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Andy Patton ||5.93% ||507 ||514.42 ||586.94 ||689.24|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Anne Murray|| 2.07% ||177 ||178.26 ||207.24 || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Adam McGinley|| 1.31% ||112 ||112.56 ||120.68 || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Leza Houston ||1.16% ||99 ||99.00 ||102.78|| || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,672''' Bailí:'''8,549 ''' Millte:''' 111 ''' Cuóta:'''1,425''' Vótóirí:'''8,660 (63.33%) |} ===An Fhuachonbháil === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Fhuachonbháil - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] ||'''Ryan McCready* †'''|| 15.84% ||1,282 ||'''1,414'''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Declan Norris* '''||11.35% ||919 ||984 ||989.22 ||'''1,396.22 '''|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''[[Julie Middleton]] †'''|| 12.21% ||988 ||1,016 ||1,032.82 ||1,037.82 ||1,659.82 || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Alex Duffy*'''|| 14.74% ||1,193 ||1,244 ||1,244.58 ||1,325.16 ||1,325.16 ||'''1,326.16''' |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Sean Fleming'''|| 14.35% ||1,162 ||1,201 ||1,201.58 ||1,241.58 ||1,242.58 ||'''1,243.48''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Rachael Ferguson* ||8.59% ||695 ||813 ||826.34 ||947.50 ||962.88 ||1,054.88 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || Gary Wilkinson|| 8.07% ||653 ||685 ||708.20 ||712.78|| || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Hayley Canning|| 7.58% ||614 ||682 ||685.48 || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Damien Gallagher ||3.83% ||310 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || Graham Warke*|| 3.45% ||279 || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''14,532 ''' Bailí:'''8,095 ''' Millte:''' 93 ''' Cuóta:'''1,350''' Vótóirí:''' 8,188 (56.34%) |} === Taobh an Fheabhail === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Taobh an Fheabhail - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Conor Heaney*'''|| 25.77% ||'''1,846 '''|| || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Grace Uí Niallais'''|| 15.57% ||1,115 ||'''1,635.80 '''|| || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||'''Shaun Harkin*'''|| 13.67% ||979 ||999.65 ||1,074.90 ||1,140.15 ||'''1,239.15''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Shauna Cusack* ‡'''|| 13.23% ||948 ||984.75 ||1,072.25 ||1,131.35 ||'''1,200.35''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''[[Lilian Seenoi-Barr]]*'''|| 13.40% ||960 ||988.00 ||1,073.40 ||1,130.30 ||'''1,177.30''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Stephen McCallion ||8.74%|| 626 ||638.60 ||672.55 ||734.70 ||777.70 |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Seán Mac Cearáin ||5.91% ||423 ||434.55 ||472.70 ||493.50 || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Danny McCloskey ||3.71%|| 266 ||275.45 ||307.30 || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:''' 13,372''' Bailí:'''7,163''' Millte:''' 136''' Cuóta:'''1,194''' Vótóirí:'''7,299 (54.58%) |} ===An Speirín === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Speirín - 7 suíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6!! Comhair 7!! Comhair 8!! Comhair 9!! Comhair 10 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Paul Boggs'''|| 16.87% ||'''1,993'''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Fergal Leonard'''|| 13.97% ||'''1,650 '''|| || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Brian Harte'''|| 9.52% ||1,125 ||'''1,480.00 ''' || || || || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Jason Barr* ‡'''|| 6.87% ||811 ||847.75 ||896.35 ||924.09 ||953.92 ||1,019.53 ||1,174.93 ||1,208.93 ||'''1,569.93 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách || '''Raymond Barr*'''|| 8.35% ||985 ||1,014.75 ||1,024.11 ||1,053.11 ||1,110.65 ||1,157.02 ||1,206.45 ||1,217.45 ||1,345.06 ||'''1,414.91''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Allan Bresland* †''' ||10.11% ||1,194 ||1,194.00 ||1,194.00 ||1,198.00 ||1,200.00 ||1,208.00 ||1,217.18 ||1,401.18 ||1,412.43 ||'''1,412.98''' |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||'''Paul Gallagher*'''|| 8.82% ||1,042 ||1,065.50 ||1,072.52 ||1,079.52 ||1,129.17 ||1,164.41 ||1,194.95 ||1,198.95 ||1,277.64 ||'''1,297.00''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] ||[[Maurice Devenney]]* ||8.16% ||964 ||964.00 ||964.18 ||967.18 ||967.43 ||968.43 ||973.43 ||1,201.43 ||1,206.43 ||1,208.08 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Tommy Forbes|| 4.55% ||538 ||559.50 ||596.58 ||613.71 ||634.50 ||689.86 ||787.75 ||810.93 || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Glen Miller|| 4.14% ||489 ||489.25 ||489.43 ||490.43 ||491.43 ||501.43 ||557.43 || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Mel Boyle ||3.23% ||381 ||390.50 ||407.60 ||411.21 ||451.58 ||488.74 || || || || |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||Patsy Kelly ||2.08% ||246 ||256.75 ||284.83 ||294.73 ||312.09 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Carol Gallagher ||1.91%|| 226 ||233.75 ||240.41 ||254.56 || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Darán Mac Meanman ||1.42% ||168 ||169.50 ||182.64 || || || || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''19,143 ''' Bailí:'''11,812''' Millte:''' 183''' Cuóta:'''1,477''' Vótóirí:''' 11,995(62.66%) |} ===An Móinteán === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| An Móinteán - 5 shuíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6 |- | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách ||'''[[Gary Donnelly]]*'''|| 25.25% ||'''1,868 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Aisling Hutton'''|| 17.80% ||'''1,317 '''|| || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''John Boyle*'''|| 10.29% ||761 ||829.46 ||877.72 ||933.00 ||'''1,280.00 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Patricia Logue*'''|| 14.45% ||1,069 ||1,163.92 ||1,173.34 ||1,219.22 ||'''1,255.22'''|| |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Emma McGinley* '''||12.33% ||912 ||983.40 ||985.40 ||1,013.86 ||1,043.00 ||'''1,109.18''' |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Maeve O'Neill*|| 7.81% ||578 ||765.74 ||796.94 ||883.74 ||951.96 ||957.90 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||Dermott Henderson ||6.02% ||445 ||505.06 ||543.00 ||584.60 || || |- | style="background:{{Aontú/meta/color}};" | || [[Aontú]] ||Darryl Christy|| 4.07% ||301 ||429.10 ||439.04|| || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] || Michael Downey|| 1.97% ||146 ||161.54 || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''13,403 ''' Bailí:'''7,397''' Millte:''' 201''' Cuóta:'''1,233''' Vótóirí:''' 7,598 (56.69%) |} ===Taobh an Uisce=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;" |- ! align=center colspan=16| Taobh an Uisce- 7 suíochán |- ! align=center colspan=2| Páirtí !! Iarrthóir !! Scair !! Comhair 1 !! Comhair 2 !! Comhair 3 !! Comhair 4 !! Comhair 5 !! Comhair 6!! Comhair 7 |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Caitlin Deeney †'''|| 17.86% ||'''1,949'''|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || '''Darren Guy*'''|| 16.47% ||'''1,797 '''|| || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] || '''Christopher Jackson*'''|| 9.34% ||1,019 ||'''1,540.10''' || || || || || |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Chelsea Cooke'''|| 11.56% ||1,262 ||1,262.30 ||1,316.54 ||1,319.54 ||1,320.05 ||'''1,526.05'''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[PAD]] || '''Niree McMorris*'''|| 11.23% ||1,225 ||1,225 ||1,279.72 ||1,281.72 ||1,282.06 ||'''1,368.06 '''|| |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Sean Mooney*'''||9.81% ||1,071 ||1,105.20 ||1,109.76 ||1,213.90 ||1,323.55 ||1,355.11 ||'''1,361.11''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]] ||'''Martin Reilly*'''|| 9.22% ||1,006 ||1,013.80 ||1,020.28 ||1,092.26 ||1,120.65 ||1,154.21 ||'''1,163.21''' |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || |[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]] ||Philip McKinney* ||6.85% ||748 ||758.50 ||773.62 ||916.54 ||945.10 ||1,105.05 ||1,153.05 |- | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] || Janice Montgomery ||4.11% ||448 ||448.30 ||737.50 ||743.46 ||744.82|| || |- | style="background:{{People Before Profit Alliance/meta/color}};"| || [[Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|Pobail roimh Bhrabús]]||Davina Pulvis|| 3.56% ||388 ||393.70 ||396.34 || || || || |- | align=left colspan=14|'''Toghthóirí:'''21,240 ''' Bailí:'''10,913''' Millte:''' 202''' Cuóta:'''1,365''' Vótóirí:''' 11,115 (52.33%) |} ==Athruithe i rith an téarma== ===† Comhthofa=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; font-size: 95%" !Dáta !Ceantar !colspan="2"|Páirtí !Comhairleoir atá <br/>ag dul as oifig !Comhairleoir <br/>ag comhthoghadh !Fáth |- |20 Deireadh Fómhair 2023 | An Speirín | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || | [[PAD]] |[[Allan Bresland]] |Gary Wilkinson | Chuaigh Bresland ar scor |- |29 Eanáir 2024 |An Fhuachonbháil | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[PAU]] |Ryan McCready | Janice Montgomery | D'éirigh McCready as |- |19 Feabhra 2024 |Baile Arnoid | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] |John McGowan | Amanda Clarke | D'éirigh McGowan as |- |3 Nollaig 2025 |Taobh an Uisce | style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]] |Caitlin Deeney | Liz McGowan | D'éirigh Deeney as |- |13 Bealtaine 2026 | An Fhuachonbháil | style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || | [[PAD]] |[[Julie Middleton]] |Amanda Lynch | Comhthoghadh Middleton ar [[Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann|Thionól Thuaisceart Éireann]] |- |} ===‡ Athruithe ceangail === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; font-size: 95%" !Dáta !Ceantar !Ainm !colspan="2"|Sean-cheangal !colspan="2"|Ceangal nua !width="500px"|Fáth |- | 30 Aibreán 2024 | An Speirín | Jason Barr | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || | [[PSDLO]] | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách |D'fág Barr an PSDLO mar go raibh cáineadh aige faoi phróiseas an pháirtí don mhéara nua a roghnú |- |1 Bealtaine 2024 |Taobh an Fheabhail | Shauna Cusack | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || | [[PSDLO]] | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách |D'fág Cusack an PSDLO mar go raibh cáineadh aici faoi phróiseas an pháirtí don mhéara nua a roghnú |- |17 Eanáir 2025 |Baile Arnoid | Brian Tierney | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || | [[PSDLO]] | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách | Cuireadh Tierney ar fionraí ón pháirtí i ndiaidh dó teistiméireacht cúirte a thabhairt do shaighdiúir a ciontaíodh in éigniú |- |16 Aibreán 2025 | Baile Arnoid | Brian Tierney | style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" | || Neamhspleách | style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || | [[PSDLO]] | Cuireadh Tierney ar ais sa pháirtí |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Toghcháin agus reifrinn i dTuaisceart Éireann}} [[Catagóir:2023]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Stair Thuaisceart Éireann]] [[Catagóir:Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023]] 878bjp9esw4mze0yak7m9gi2934zj57 0 128779 1331811 1331740 2026-11-04T18:31:23Z LametinoWiki 23199 1331811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba [[Bitheolaíocht mhóilíneach|bhitheolaí móilíneach]] [[Spáinnigh|Spáinneach]] í '''Marta Nasila Shahbazi Alonso''' ([[León]], Iúil 1985 – 28 Deireadh Fómhair, 2026) a bhí i gceannas ar Shaotharlann Shahbazi ag Saotharlann Bitheolaíochta Móilíní den MRC. == Saol agus gairmré == Rugadh í i León sa bhliain 1985, iníon le múinteoir bunscoile i gCarrizo de la Ribera a raibh a hathair ina hIaránach agus a chuaigh ar imircea i ndiaidh [[Réabhlóid na hIaráine]]. <ref name="Ansede 2019">{{Cite web-en|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/08/ciencia/1573233919_379457.html|title="La gente puede pensar que tenemos casi bebés en el laboratorio, pero son como un grano de arena"|author=Ansede|first=Manuel|date=2019-11-13|language=es|work=El País|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> <ref name="Ansede 2026">{{Cite web-en|url=https://elpais.com/ciencia/2026-10-30/desaparecida-en-el-accidente-de-trenes-marta-shahbazi-una-de-las-cientificas-espanolas-mas-brillantes.html|title=Desaparecida en el accidente de trenes Marta Shahbazi, una de las científicas españolas más brillantes|author=Ansede|first=Manuel|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=El País|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> Ollamh taighde le [[Matamaitic]] in Ollscoil Náisiúnta Cianoideachais na Spáinne is ea a dheartháir, Carlos Shahbazi. <ref name="Guerrero 2026">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.elmundo.es/ciencia/2026/10/30/6ae4cea5e9cf4a2d718b4574.html|title=Las científicas leonesas Marta Shahbazi Alonso y Tamara González Costa, entre los desaparecidos en el accidente de tren de Urda|author=Guerrero|first=Teresa|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=El Mundo|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/spain-train-crash-sanchez-crisis-7fxdrzgbq|title=Days after Spain crash, Cambridge professor’s family learn she died|author=Gatens|first=Katie|date=2026-11-01|work=The Times and The Sunday Times|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> Bhain sí céim Mháistreachta sa [[Bitheolaíocht mhóilíneach|Bhitheolaíocht Mhóilíneach]] amach ó Roinn na Bitheolaíochta in Ollscoil Uathrialach Mhaidrid, agus an taifead acadúil is fearr aici i measc a chomhghleacaithe a bhí ag baint céime amach ag an am céanna. <ref name="Ansede 2026" /> <ref name="Guerrero 2026" /> Chríochnaigh sí a tráchtas dochtúireachta ar na meicníochtaí a chaomhnaíonn cruth agus sláine [[Gaschill|gaschealla]] eipideirmeacha ag Ionad Náisiúnta Taighde Ailse na Spáinne faoi mhaoirseacht Mirna Pérez-Moreno. <ref name="embo">{{Cite web-en|url=https://mrclmb.ac.uk/news-events/articles/marta-shahbazi-joins-embo-young-investigator-programme/|title=Marta Shahbazi joins EMBO Young Investigator Programme|work=mrclmb.ac.uk|publisher=MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology|access-date=2 November 2026-11-02}}</ref> <ref name="Guerrero 2026" /> Sa bhliain 2014, thosaigh sí ag obair in [[Ollscoil Cambridge]] sa [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Ríocht Aontaithe]]. <ref name="Ansede 2019" /> Sa bhliain 2016, d’éirigh lena foireann suthanna daonna a fhás lasmuigh den útaras ar feadh 13 lá, rud a shocraigh taifead domhanda. <ref name="Ansede 2019" /> <ref name="Shahbazi, Jedrusik, Vuoristo, Recher & al 2016">{{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5049689|title=Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2016|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=18|issue=6|pages=700–708|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/ncb3347|pmc=5049689|pmid=27144686}}</ref> <ref name="Astorga Digital 2020">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.astorgadigital.com/marta-shahbazi-la-joven-leonesa-que-investiga-el-desarrollo-de-celulas-madre-y-embriones/|title=Marta Shahbazi, la joven leonesa que investiga el desarrollo de células madre y embriones|date=2020-01-15|language=es|work=Astorga Digital|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> I mí Feabhra 2020, thosaigh sí ag stiúradh a grúpa taighde féin i Saotharlann na Bitheolaíochta Móilíní in Ollscoil Cambridge. <ref name="Murphy 2026">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.huntspost.co.uk/news/26687909.cambridge-scientist-killed-deadly-spanish-train-crash/|title=Cambridgeshire scientist dies in high-speed Spanish train crash|author=Murphy|first=Oliver|date=2026-11-01|publisher=The Hunts Post|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> <ref name="Rennolds 2026">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.euronews.com/2026/11/01/university-of-cambridge-scientist-among-victims-of-deadly-spain-train-crash|title=Cambridge University scientist among victims of Spain train crash|author=Rennolds|first=Nathan|date=2026-11-01|publisher=euronews|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> D'fhéach an grúpa oibre seo le tuiscint níos fearr a fháil ar an gcaoi a dtéann cealla suthacha in oiriúint chun bheith ina gcodanna sonracha den chorp. <ref name="Ansede 2026" /> Bhí sí ina hollamh comhlach den Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. <ref name="Applegate 2026">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cq5ynzvkn1d8o|title=Cambridge scientist Marta Shahbazi dies in Spanish train crash|author=Applegate|first=Zoe|date=2026-11-01|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> <ref name="Siddique 2026">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/nov/01/tributes-marta-shahbazi-university-of-cambridge-scientist-spanish-train-crash|title=Tributes paid to 'inspiring' Cambridge scientist who died in Spain train crash|author=Siddique|first=Haroon|date=2026-11-01|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2024, chuaigh sí isteach i gClár Taighdeoirí Óga na hEagraíochta Eorpaí um Bhitheolaíocht Mhóilíneach. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://sruk.org.uk/es/marta-shahbazi-alonso-talento-emergente-sruk-ceru-2026/|title=La Dra. Marta Shahbazi Alonso recibe el Premio al Talento Emergente SRUK/CERU 2026|last=Vicepresident|first=SRUK|date=2026-10-20|language=es-ES|work=CERU|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> Fuair sí bás i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 i [[Tubaiste traenach Toledo 2026|dtimpiste traenach Urda]] agus í ag taisteal ar an traein ardluais AVE chun Duais José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta a fháil ó Chumann Bitheolaíochta Forbartha na Spáinne. <ref name="Rennolds 2026" /> <ref name="Applegate 2026" /> <ref name="Siddique 2026" /> == Duaiseanna == Sa bhliain 2019, bhronn an Centro Nacional para el Reemplazo, Refinamiento y Reducción de Animales en la Investigación Duais na 3R ar Shahbazi agus ar an eolaí Francesca Nunn as a gcuid foilseachán a phléann conas líon na n-ainmhithe a úsáidtear sa taighde a laghdú. <ref name="NC3Rs 2020">{{Cite web-en|url=https://nc3rs.org.uk/news/international-prize-awarded-two-researchers-working-reduce-animal-use|title=International prize awarded to two researchers working to reduce animal use|date=2020-06-10|work=NC3Rs|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2024, fuair sí an ''Suffrage Science award'' i gcatagóir na n-eolaíochtaí beatha. <ref name="LS 2024 awards">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.suffragescience.com/copy-of-ls-2020-award-handover|title=Life Sciences 2024 Awards|work=Suffrage Science|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2026, bhronn an ''Society of Spanish Scientists in the United Kingdom'' (SRUK/CERU) an gradam ' Emerging Talent Award' uirthi. <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.redaccionmedica.com/politica/sanidad-hoy/20261030/la-biologa-marta-shahbazi-alonso-entre-los-desaparecidos-del-accidente-ferroviario-de-urda/363953_0.html|title=La bióloga Marta Shahbazi Alonso, entre los desaparecidos del accidente ferroviario de Urda|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=Redacción médica|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> An bhliain chéanna sin, bhronn an ''Sociedad Española de Biología del Desarrolloro''nnadh duais José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta uirthi, as sármhaitheas eolaíochta ó Chumann Bitheolaíochta Forbartha na Spáinne. <ref name="Ansede 2026" /> <ref name="SEBD 2026">{{Cite web-en|url=https://sebd.es/novedades-de-la-sociedad/#1767784126221-786461a4-0b7b|title=Novedades de la Sociedad|date=12 September 2026|language=es|work=Sociedad Española de Biología del Desarrollo (SEBD)|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.redaccionmedica.com/politica/sanidad-hoy/20261030/la-biologa-marta-shahbazi-alonso-entre-los-desaparecidos-del-accidente-ferroviario-de-urda/363953_0.html|title=La bióloga Marta Shahbazi Alonso, entre los desaparecidos del accidente ferroviario de Urda|date=2026-10-30|language=es|work=Redacción médica|access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> == Foilseacháin roghnaithe == * {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.protocols.io/view/culture-of-human-embryos-through-implantation-stag-d26e8hbe.pdf|title=Culture of human embryos through implantation stages in vitro|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta|date=2016-05-05|journal=Protocol Exchange|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=2043-0116|doi=10.1038/protex.2016.017|oclc=6035066333}} * {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5049689|title=Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2016|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=18|issue=6|pages=700–708|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/ncb3347|pmc=5049689|pmid=27144686}} * {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5768241|title=Pluripotent state transitions coordinate morphogenesis in mouse and human embryos|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2017-12-14|journal=Nature|volume=552|issue=7684|pages=239–243|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature24675}} * {{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Deconstructing and reconstructing the mouse and human early embryo|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2018|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=20|issue=8|pages=878–887|issn=1465-7392|doi=10.1038/s41556-018-0144-x}} * {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8300856|title=Self-organization of stem cells into embryos: A window on early mammalian development|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2019-06-07|journal=Science|volume=364|issue=6444|pages=948–951|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.aax0164|pmc=8300856|pmid=31171690}} * {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=http://www.cell.com/article/S1934590920303544/pdf|title=Introductions to the Community: Early-Career Researchers in the Time of COVID-19|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta|date=2020|journal=Cell Stem Cell|volume=27|issue=2|pages=200–201|accessdate=2026-11-02|doi=10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.016|oclc=9093301588|pmc=7409799|pmid=32763182}} * {{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article-pdf/147/14/dev190629/1967449/dev190629.pdf|title=Mechanisms of human embryo development: from cell fate to tissue shape and back|author=Shahbazi|first=Marta N.|date=2020-07-15|journal=Development|volume=147|issue=14|accessdate=2026-11-02|issn=1477-9129|doi=10.1242/dev.190629|pmc=7375473|pmid=32680920}} ==Naisc sheachtracha== * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/nov/01/tributes-marta-shahbazi-university-of-cambridge-scientist-spanish-train-crash Tributes paid to ‘inspiring’ Cambridge scientist who died in Spain train crash] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist|2}} [[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1985]] [[Catagóir:Mná]] [[Catagóir:Leathanaigh le haistriúcháin neamh-mheasúnaithe]] tuudd3miirca6pjmn9jm22ts1n49muv 0 128780 1331815 1331775 2026-11-04T20:05:41Z TGcoa 21229 1331815 wikitext text/x-wiki Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026. Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}</ref> D'éirigh leis an bpáirtí Daonlathach tromlach is ceannas a fháil ar cheachtar de [[Tithe na Comhdhála|Thithe na Comhdhála]]. Cuir an ‘Maidhm Ghorm’ seo athrú mór ar an dá bhliain deiridh ag an Uachtarán Trump; chuir sé tús chomh maith le hiomaíocht ghéar chomharbais. [[Íomhá:Gas Prices near Adin, California on 09-30-2026.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Bhí praghas an [[Breosla|bhreosla]] ag cur isteach ar an gcuid is mó den phobal ag an am]] [[Íomhá:Anti ai data center sign 1.jpg|clé|mion|260x260px]] [[Íomhá:Protest against ICE in downtown Minneapolis 23 January 2026 - ICE Out sign and US flag .jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Agóid i Minneapolis, 2026]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 8.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Abdul El-Sayed, a toghadh mar sheanadóir i Michigan]][[Íomhá:James Talarico on Earning Black Voters’ Trust - The Tashara Parker Show.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: [[James Talarico]] a toghadh sheanadóir i Texas]] == Cúlra == Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí. Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.<ref name=":1" /> Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála. Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946/ Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].<ref name=":1" /> == Torthaí == == Iarmhairtí == Ní raibh Donald Trump aon dlí a rith tríd an gComhdháil le linn 2027-2028. Thosaigh neart daoine ag caint faoin té a d’fhéadfadh teacht i ndiaidh Trump mar iarrthóir na bPoblachtánach in 2028 agus cé a bheidh ag na Daonlathaigh ina n-iarracht an Teach Bán a fháil ar ais. == Féach freisin == * [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]] * [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2022]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:2026]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]] 30et4013757i9g03ldfxmhrel3f0nhm 1331817 1331815 2026-11-04T20:14:46Z TGcoa 21229 /* Iarmhairtí */ 1331817 wikitext text/x-wiki Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026. Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}</ref> D'éirigh leis an bpáirtí Daonlathach tromlach is ceannas a fháil ar cheachtar de [[Tithe na Comhdhála|Thithe na Comhdhála]]. Cuir an ‘Maidhm Ghorm’ seo athrú mór ar an dá bhliain deiridh ag an Uachtarán Trump; chuir sé tús chomh maith le hiomaíocht ghéar chomharbais. [[Íomhá:Gas Prices near Adin, California on 09-30-2026.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Bhí praghas an [[Breosla|bhreosla]] ag cur isteach ar an gcuid is mó den phobal ag an am]] [[Íomhá:Anti ai data center sign 1.jpg|clé|mion|260x260px]] [[Íomhá:Protest against ICE in downtown Minneapolis 23 January 2026 - ICE Out sign and US flag .jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Agóid i Minneapolis, 2026]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 8.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Abdul El-Sayed, a toghadh mar sheanadóir i Michigan]][[Íomhá:James Talarico on Earning Black Voters’ Trust - The Tashara Parker Show.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: [[James Talarico]] a toghadh sheanadóir i Texas]] == Cúlra == Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí. Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.<ref name=":1" /> Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála. == Feachtas == Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].<ref name=":1" /> Léirigh buanna móra na nDaonlathaigh an fhearg atá ar an phobal leis an Uachtarán Trump faoin chostas ard maireachtála, faoina chuid taraifí ar thíortha iasachta agus faoina chogadh ar an Iaráin, rud atá ag cur go mór le costas breosla agus le míshástacht an phobail le réimeas Trump. Ba gheall le reifreann ar Trump iad na toghcháin lár-téarma. Shíl Donald Trump leas a bhaint as a sheasamh nuair a bhí sé i bun stocaireachta ar fud na tíre. Dúirt sé lena lucht tacaíochta ag slógaidh toghcháin "ligigí oraibh féin go bhfuil m'ainm ar a pháipéar vótála." Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946. == Torthaí == Fuair na Daonlathaigh an bua i Stáit a bhí i seilbh na bPoblachtánach le fada - i South Carolina, North Carolina, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio, Texas agus i Maine. I Texas, ceann de na Stáit is Poblachtánaí i Meiriceá, fuair an t-iarrthóir Daonlathach James Talarico an ceann is fearr ar an "bhfathach" Poblachtánach Ken Paxton i dtoghchán an tSeanaid agus fuair an Daonlathach Gina Hinojosa an bua ar Greg Abbott i rás an ghobharnóra sa Stát sin, post a bhí ag Poblachtánaigh le blianta fada. Is í Gina Hinojosa an chéad Easpáinneach a toghadh ina gobharnór sa stát dearg. Is í an Daonlathach Deb Haaland an chéad duine de bhundhúchasaigh Mheiriceá a toghadh ariamh ina gobharnóir sna Stáit Aontaithe. Fuair sise an ceann is fearr ar Gregg Hull, Poblachtánach i New Mexico. I Kansas toghadh an chéad Daonlathach chuig an Seanad ó 1932 nuair a bhuaigh an ministéir Modhach Adam Hamilton an suíochán sa stát coimeádach. Rinne na Daonlathaigh dul cun cinn mór san sna ceantair is saibhre agus sna ceantair is boichte - in áiteanna a bhfuil céim ollscoile ag daoine ach freisin in áiteanna nach bhfuil céim ag mórán. Rinne an páirtí dul chun cinn chomh maith i gceantair láidre Easpáinneacha - ina measc stát Texas a vótáil ar shon Donald Trump i 2024. == Iarmhairtí == Fuair an páirtí Daonlathach an cumhacht reachtaíocht a stopadh, mór-fhiosruithe a thionscnamh maidir le rialtas Donald Trump agus bac a chur ar cheapacháin shinsearacha sa rialtas agus sna cúirteanna. Ní raibh Donald Trump aon dlí a rith tríd an gComhdháil le linn 2027-2028. Thosaigh neart daoine ag caint faoin té a d’fhéadfadh teacht i ndiaidh Trump mar iarrthóir na bPoblachtánach in 2028 agus cé a bheidh ag na Daonlathaigh ina n-iarracht an Teach Bán a fháil ar ais. == Féach freisin == * [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]] * [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2022]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:2026]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]] ectjamiccgefm792eqpwd5h8h3ofsb7 1331822 1331817 2026-11-04T20:56:26Z TGcoa 21229 /* Torthaí */ 1331822 wikitext text/x-wiki Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026. Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}</ref> D'éirigh leis an bpáirtí Daonlathach tromlach is ceannas a fháil ar cheachtar de [[Tithe na Comhdhála|Thithe na Comhdhála]]. Cuir an ‘Maidhm Ghorm’ seo athrú mór ar an dá bhliain deiridh ag an Uachtarán Trump; chuir sé tús chomh maith le hiomaíocht ghéar chomharbais. [[Íomhá:Gas Prices near Adin, California on 09-30-2026.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Bhí praghas an [[Breosla|bhreosla]] ag cur isteach ar an gcuid is mó den phobal ag an am]] [[Íomhá:Anti ai data center sign 1.jpg|clé|mion|260x260px|Imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]]]] [[Íomhá:Protest against ICE in downtown Minneapolis 23 January 2026 - ICE Out sign and US flag .jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Agóid i Minneapolis in aghaidh ICE, 2026]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 8.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Abdul El-Sayed]], a toghadh mar sheanadóir i Michigan]][[Íomhá:James Talarico on Earning Black Voters’ Trust - The Tashara Parker Show.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: [[James Talarico]] a toghadh sheanadóir i Texas]] == Cúlra == Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí. Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.<ref name=":1" /> Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála. == Feachtas == Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].<ref name=":1" /> Léirigh buanna móra na nDaonlathaigh an fhearg atá ar an phobal leis an Uachtarán Trump faoin chostas ard maireachtála, faoina chuid taraifí ar thíortha iasachta agus faoina chogadh ar an Iaráin, rud atá ag cur go mór le costas breosla agus le míshástacht an phobail le réimeas Trump. Ba gheall le reifreann ar Trump iad na toghcháin lár-téarma. Shíl Donald Trump leas a bhaint as a sheasamh nuair a bhí sé i bun stocaireachta ar fud na tíre. Dúirt sé lena lucht tacaíochta ag slógaidh toghcháin "ligigí oraibh féin go bhfuil m'ainm ar a pháipéar vótála." Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946. == Torthaí == Fuair na Daonlathaigh an bua i Stáit a bhí i seilbh na bPoblachtánach le fada - i South Carolina, North Carolina, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio, Texas agus i Maine. I [[Texas]], ceann de na Stáit is Poblachtánaí i Meiriceá, fuair an t-iarrthóir Daonlathach James Talarico an ceann is fearr ar an "bhfathach" Poblachtánach Ken Paxton, an chéad Daonlathach chun suíochán Seanaid a fháil sa stát sin ó 1988. Fuair an Daonlathach Gina Hinojosa an bua ar Greg Abbott i rás an ghobharnóra i Texas, post a bhí ag Poblachtánaigh le blianta fada. Is í Gina Hinojosa an chéad Easpáinneach a toghadh ina gobharnór sa stát dearg.<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ceannas ag Daonlathaigh i dtoghcháin lár-téarma an lae inné|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/1104/1597929-ceannas-ag-daonlathaigh-i-dtoghchain-lar-tearma-an-lae-inne/|date=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Fuair an Dr. Abdul El-Sayed an ceann is fearr ar an Phoblachtánach Mike Rogers i stát [[Michigan]], an chéad duine den chreideamh Mhoslamach i Seanad na Stát Aontaithe. Dhírigh feachtas binbeach na bPoblachtánach ar chreideamh an Dr. El-Sayed agus ar a chúlra Arabach. Is í an Daonlathach Deb Haaland an chéad duine de bhundhúchasaigh Mheiriceá a toghadh ariamh ina gobharnóir sna Stáit Aontaithe. Fuair sise an ceann is fearr ar Gregg Hull, Poblachtánach i [[Nua-Mheicsiceo|New Mexico]]. I [[Kansas]] toghadh an chéad Daonlathach chuig an Seanad ó 1932 nuair a bhuaigh an ministéir Modhach Adam Hamilton an suíochán sa stát coimeádach. I Stát [[Maine]], fuair an iománaí crann Troy Jackson an bua ar an Seanadóir fadbhunaithe Poblachtánach Susan Collins. '''Socheolaíocht''' Rinne na Daonlathaigh dul chun cinn mór san sna ceantair is saibhre agus sna ceantair is boichte - in áiteanna a bhfuil céim ollscoile ag daoine ach freisin in áiteanna nach bhfuil céim ag mórán. Rinne an páirtí dul chun cinn chomh maith i gceantair láidre Easpáinneacha - ina measc stát Texas a vótáil ar shon Donald Trump i 2024.<ref name=":2" /> == Iarmhairtí == Fuair an páirtí Daonlathach an cumhacht reachtaíocht a stopadh, mór-fhiosruithe a thionscnamh maidir le rialtas Donald Trump agus bac a chur ar cheapacháin shinsearacha sa rialtas agus sna cúirteanna. Ní raibh Donald Trump aon dlí a rith tríd an gComhdháil le linn 2027-2028. Thosaigh neart daoine ag caint faoin té a d’fhéadfadh teacht i ndiaidh Trump mar iarrthóir na bPoblachtánach in 2028 agus cé a bheidh ag na Daonlathaigh ina n-iarracht an Teach Bán a fháil ar ais. == Féach freisin == * [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]] * [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2022]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:2026]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]] 2pgvsfsu11ym12tudh5pcedf5z5ou00 1331825 1331822 2026-11-04T21:31:45Z TGcoa 21229 1331825 wikitext text/x-wiki Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026. Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}</ref> D'éirigh leis an bpáirtí Daonlathach tromlach is ceannas a fháil ar cheachtar de [[Tithe na Comhdhála|Thithe na Comhdhála]]. Cuir an ‘Maidhm Ghorm’ seo athrú mór ar an dá bhliain deiridh ag an Uachtarán Trump; chuir sé tús chomh maith le hiomaíocht ghéar chomharbais.<ref name=":3">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/bua-stairiuil-ag-na-daonlathaigh-teip-a-mbeidh-tracht-sa-stair-uirthi-do-trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh/|teideal=Bua stairiúil ag na Daonlathaigh, teip a mbeidh trácht sa stair uirthi do Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh|dáta=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Gas Prices near Adin, California on 09-30-2026.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Bhí praghas an [[Breosla|bhreosla]] ag cur isteach ar an gcuid is mó den phobal ag an am]] [[Íomhá:Anti ai data center sign 1.jpg|clé|mion|260x260px|Imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]]]] [[Íomhá:Protest against ICE in downtown Minneapolis 23 January 2026 - ICE Out sign and US flag .jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Agóid i Minneapolis in aghaidh ICE, 2026]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 8.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Abdul El-Sayed]], a toghadh mar sheanadóir i Michigan]][[Íomhá:James Talarico on Earning Black Voters’ Trust - The Tashara Parker Show.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: [[James Talarico]] a toghadh sheanadóir i Texas]] [[Íomhá:SecretaryDebHaaland (cropped 2).jpg|clé|mion|289x289px|Deb Haaland, an chéad duine de bhundhúchasaigh Mheiriceá a toghadh ariamh ina gobharnóir]] [[Íomhá:Keisha Lance Bottoms in 2019.jpg|clé|mion|303x303px|Keisha Lance Bottoms, an chéad bhean dhubh a toghadh ina ghobharnóir ]] [[Íomhá:Annie Andrews Greenville.jpg|clé|mion|293x293px|Annie Andrews: chaill na Poblachtánaigh suíochán Seanaid in [[Carolina Theas|South Carolina]] den chéad uair le beagnach 30 bliain nuair a toghadh í]] == Cúlra == Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí. Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.<ref name=":1" /> Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála. == Feachtas == Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].<ref name=":1" /> Léirigh buanna móra na nDaonlathaigh an fhearg atá ar an phobal leis an Uachtarán Trump faoin chostas ard maireachtála, faoina chuid taraifí ar thíortha iasachta agus faoina chogadh ar an Iaráin, rud atá ag cur go mór le costas breosla agus le míshástacht an phobail le réimeas Trump. Ba gheall le reifreann ar Trump iad na toghcháin lár-téarma. Shíl Donald Trump leas a bhaint as a sheasamh nuair a bhí sé i bun stocaireachta ar fud na tíre. Dúirt sé lena lucht tacaíochta ag slógaidh toghcháin "ligigí oraibh féin go bhfuil m'ainm ar a pháipéar vótála." Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946. == Torthaí == B’ionann farasbarr breis is 12 pointe céatadáin na nDaonlathach sa vóta náisiúnta do [[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Theach na nIonadaithe]] agus an farasbarr is mó ag ceachtar den dá pháirtí i dtoghchán Comhdhála le 50 bliain. '''Na Stáit''' Fuair na Daonlathaigh an bua i Stáit a bhí i seilbh na bPoblachtánach le fada - i South Carolina, North Carolina, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio, Texas agus i Maine. I [[Texas]], ceann de na Stáit is Poblachtánaí i Meiriceá, fuair an t-iarrthóir Daonlathach James Talarico an ceann is fearr ar an "bhfathach" Poblachtánach Ken Paxton, an chéad Daonlathach chun suíochán Seanaid a fháil sa stát sin ó 1988. Fuair an Daonlathach Gina Hinojosa an bua ar Greg Abbott i rás an ghobharnóra i Texas, post a bhí ag Poblachtánaigh le blianta fada. Is í Gina Hinojosa an chéad Easpáinneach a toghadh ina gobharnór sa stát dearg.<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ceannas ag Daonlathaigh i dtoghcháin lár-téarma an lae inné|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/1104/1597929-ceannas-ag-daonlathaigh-i-dtoghchain-lar-tearma-an-lae-inne/|date=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Fuair an Dr. Abdul El-Sayed an ceann is fearr ar an Phoblachtánach Mike Rogers i stát [[Michigan]], an chéad duine den chreideamh Mhoslamach i Seanad na Stát Aontaithe. Dhírigh feachtas binbeach na bPoblachtánach ar chreideamh an Dr. El-Sayed agus ar a chúlra Arabach. Is í an Daonlathach Deb Haaland an chéad duine de bhundhúchasaigh Mheiriceá a toghadh ariamh ina gobharnóir sna Stáit Aontaithe. Fuair sise an ceann is fearr ar Gregg Hull, Poblachtánach i [[Nua-Mheicsiceo|New Mexico]]. I [[Kansas]] toghadh an chéad Daonlathach chuig an Seanad ó 1932 nuair a bhuaigh an ministéir Modhach Adam Hamilton an suíochán sa stát coimeádach. Chaill na Poblachtánaigh suíochán Seanaid in [[Carolina Theas|South Carolina]] den chéad uair le beagnach 30 bliain nuair a fuair an Dr Annie Andrews an ceann is fearr ar Darline Graham, deirfiúr le Lindsey Graham, an seanadóir agus dílseoir mór de chuid Trump a fuair bás i mbliana. I Stát [[Maine]], fuair an iománaí crann Troy Jackson an bua ar an Seanadóir fadbhunaithe Poblachtánach Susan Collins. In [[Iowa]] agus [[Carolina Thuaidh|North Carolina]] toghadh Seanadóirí Daonlathacha den chéad uair ó 2008. In [[Georgia (stát S.A.M.)|Georgia]], toghadh ina gobharnóir Keisha Lance Bottoms, an chéad bhean dhubh a toghadh ina ghobharnóir i Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá. (Roimhe seo, níor toghadh riamh ach triúr den chine dubh ina ngobharnóirí, triúr fear ón bPáirtí Daonlathach). In [[New Hampshire]] d’éirigh le Chris Pappas suíochán Seanaid a fháil agus is é an chéad Seanadóir a toghadh riamh a dúirt go poiblí raibh sé aerach. '''Socheolaíocht''' Rinne na Daonlathaigh dul chun cinn mór san sna ceantair is saibhre agus sna ceantair is boichte - in áiteanna a bhfuil céim ollscoile ag daoine ach freisin in áiteanna nach bhfuil céim ag mórán. Rinne an páirtí dul chun cinn chomh maith i gceantair láidre Easpáinneacha - ina measc stát Texas a vótáil ar shon Donald Trump i 2024.<ref name=":2" /> == Iarmhairtí == Fuair an páirtí Daonlathach an cumhacht reachtaíocht a stopadh, mór-fhiosruithe a thionscnamh maidir le rialtas Donald Trump agus bac a chur ar cheapacháin shinsearacha sa rialtas agus sna cúirteanna. Ní raibh Donald Trump aon dlí a rith tríd an gComhdháil le linn 2027-2028. Agus bhí ceannairí comhdhála an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh in ann Donald Trump agus a chomhghuaillithe a fhiosrú.<ref name=":3" /> Thosaigh neart daoine ag caint faoin té a d’fhéadfadh teacht i ndiaidh Trump mar iarrthóir na bPoblachtánach in 2028 agus cé a bheidh ag na Daonlathaigh ina n-iarracht an Teach Bán a fháil ar ais. == Féach freisin == * [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]] * [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2022]] * [[Abdul El-Sayed]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:2026]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]] g5psqf5id66v05tee4zmm9a2wpmhidr 1331826 1331825 2026-11-04T21:36:06Z TGcoa 21229 1331826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026. Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}</ref> D'éirigh leis an bpáirtí Daonlathach tromlach is ceannas a fháil ar cheachtar de [[Tithe na Comhdhála|Thithe na Comhdhála]]. Cuir an ‘Maidhm Ghorm’ seo athrú mór ar an dá bhliain deiridh ag an Uachtarán Trump; chuir sé tús chomh maith le hiomaíocht ghéar chomharbais.<ref name=":3">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/bua-stairiuil-ag-na-daonlathaigh-teip-a-mbeidh-tracht-sa-stair-uirthi-do-trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh/|teideal=Bua stairiúil ag na Daonlathaigh, teip a mbeidh trácht sa stair uirthi do Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh|dáta=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Gas Prices near Adin, California on 09-30-2026.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Bhí praghas an [[Breosla|bhreosla]] ag cur isteach ar an gcuid is mó den phobal ag an am]] [[Íomhá:Anti ai data center sign 1.jpg|clé|mion|260x260px|Imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]]]] [[Íomhá:Protest against ICE in downtown Minneapolis 23 January 2026 - ICE Out sign and US flag .jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Agóid i Minneapolis in aghaidh ICE, 2026]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 8.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Abdul El-Sayed]], a toghadh mar sheanadóir i Michigan]][[Íomhá:James Talarico on Earning Black Voters’ Trust - The Tashara Parker Show.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: [[James Talarico]] a toghadh sheanadóir i Texas]] [[Íomhá:SecretaryDebHaaland (cropped 2).jpg|clé|mion|289x289px|Deb Haaland, an chéad duine de bhundhúchasaigh Mheiriceá a toghadh ariamh ina gobharnóir]] [[Íomhá:Keisha Lance Bottoms in 2019.jpg|clé|mion|303x303px|Keisha Lance Bottoms, an chéad bhean dhubh a toghadh ina ghobharnóir ]] [[Íomhá:Annie Andrews Greenville.jpg|clé|mion|293x293px|Annie Andrews: chaill na Poblachtánaigh suíochán Seanaid in [[Carolina Theas|South Carolina]] den chéad uair le beagnach 30 bliain nuair a toghadh í]] == Cúlra == Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí. Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.<ref name=":1" /> Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála. == Feachtas == Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].<ref name=":1" /> Léirigh buanna móra na nDaonlathaigh an fhearg atá ar an phobal leis an Uachtarán Trump faoin chostas ard maireachtála, faoina chuid taraifí ar thíortha iasachta agus faoina chogadh ar an Iaráin, rud atá ag cur go mór le costas breosla agus le míshástacht an phobail le réimeas Trump. Ba gheall le reifreann ar Trump iad na toghcháin lár-téarma. Shíl Donald Trump leas a bhaint as a sheasamh nuair a bhí sé i bun stocaireachta ar fud na tíre. Dúirt sé lena lucht tacaíochta ag slógaidh toghcháin "ligigí oraibh féin go bhfuil m'ainm ar a pháipéar vótála." Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946. == Torthaí == B’ionann farasbarr breis is 12 pointe céatadáin na nDaonlathach sa vóta náisiúnta do [[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Theach na nIonadaithe]] agus an farasbarr is mó ag ceachtar den dá pháirtí i dtoghchán Comhdhála le 50 bliain. '''Na Stáit''' Fuair na Daonlathaigh an bua i Stáit a bhí i seilbh na bPoblachtánach le fada - i South Carolina, North Carolina, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio, Texas agus i Maine. I [[Texas]], ceann de na Stáit is Poblachtánaí i Meiriceá, fuair an t-iarrthóir Daonlathach James Talarico an ceann is fearr ar an "bhfathach" Poblachtánach Ken Paxton, an chéad Daonlathach chun suíochán Seanaid a fháil sa stát sin ó 1988. Fuair an Daonlathach Gina Hinojosa an bua ar Greg Abbott i rás an ghobharnóra i Texas, post a bhí ag Poblachtánaigh le blianta fada. Is í Gina Hinojosa an chéad Easpáinneach a toghadh ina gobharnór sa stát dearg.<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ceannas ag Daonlathaigh i dtoghcháin lár-téarma an lae inné|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/1104/1597929-ceannas-ag-daonlathaigh-i-dtoghchain-lar-tearma-an-lae-inne/|date=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Fuair an Dr. Abdul El-Sayed an ceann is fearr ar an Phoblachtánach Mike Rogers i stát [[Michigan]], an chéad duine den chreideamh Mhoslamach i Seanad na Stát Aontaithe. Dhírigh feachtas binbeach na bPoblachtánach ar chreideamh an Dr. El-Sayed agus ar a chúlra Arabach. Is í an Daonlathach Deb Haaland an chéad duine de bhundhúchasaigh Mheiriceá a toghadh ariamh ina gobharnóir sna Stáit Aontaithe. Fuair sise an ceann is fearr ar Gregg Hull, Poblachtánach i [[Nua-Mheicsiceo|New Mexico]]. I [[Kansas]] toghadh an chéad Daonlathach chuig an Seanad ó 1932 nuair a bhuaigh an ministéir Modhach Adam Hamilton an suíochán sa stát coimeádach. Chaill na Poblachtánaigh suíochán Seanaid in [[Carolina Theas|South Carolina]] den chéad uair le beagnach 30 bliain nuair a fuair an Dr Annie Andrews an ceann is fearr ar Darline Graham, deirfiúr le Lindsey Graham, an seanadóir agus dílseoir mór de chuid Trump a fuair bás i mbliana. I Stát [[Maine]], fuair an iománaí crann Troy Jackson an bua ar an Seanadóir fadbhunaithe Poblachtánach Susan Collins. In [[Iowa]] agus [[Carolina Thuaidh|North Carolina]] toghadh Seanadóirí Daonlathacha den chéad uair ó 2008. In [[Georgia (stát S.A.M.)|Georgia]], toghadh ina gobharnóir Keisha Lance Bottoms, an chéad bhean dhubh a toghadh ina ghobharnóir i Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá. (Roimhe seo, níor toghadh riamh ach triúr den chine dubh ina ngobharnóirí, triúr fear ón bPáirtí Daonlathach). In [[New Hampshire]] d’éirigh le Chris Pappas suíochán Seanaid a fháil agus is é an chéad Seanadóir a toghadh riamh a dúirt go poiblí raibh sé aerach. '''Socheolaíocht''' Rinne na Daonlathaigh dul chun cinn mór san sna ceantair is saibhre agus sna ceantair is boichte - in áiteanna a bhfuil céim ollscoile ag daoine ach freisin in áiteanna nach bhfuil céim ag mórán. Rinne an páirtí dul chun cinn chomh maith i gceantair láidre Easpáinneacha - ina measc stát Texas a vótáil ar shon Donald Trump i 2024.<ref name=":2" /> == Iarmhairtí == Fuair an páirtí Daonlathach an cumhacht reachtaíocht a stopadh, mór-fhiosruithe a thionscnamh maidir le rialtas Donald Trump agus bac a chur ar cheapacháin shinsearacha sa rialtas agus sna cúirteanna. Ní raibh Donald Trump aon dlí a rith tríd an gComhdháil le linn 2027-2028. Agus bhí ceannairí comhdhála an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh in ann Donald Trump agus a chomhghuaillithe a fhiosrú.<ref name=":3" /> Thosaigh neart daoine ag caint faoin té a d’fhéadfadh teacht i ndiaidh Trump mar iarrthóir na bPoblachtánach in 2028 agus cé a bheidh ag na Daonlathaigh ina n-iarracht an Teach Bán a fháil ar ais. == Féach freisin == * [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]] * [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2022]] * [[Abdul El-Sayed]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:2026]] [[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]] bm1hp6z3o5vfypqbhhs0t6j8kfo81fy 1331828 1331826 2026-11-04T21:36:46Z TGcoa 21229 1331828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026. Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}</ref> D'éirigh leis an bpáirtí Daonlathach tromlach is ceannas a fháil ar cheachtar de [[Tithe na Comhdhála|Thithe na Comhdhála]]. Cuir an ‘Maidhm Ghorm’ seo athrú mór ar an dá bhliain deiridh ag an Uachtarán Trump; chuir sé tús chomh maith le hiomaíocht ghéar chomharbais.<ref name=":3">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/bua-stairiuil-ag-na-daonlathaigh-teip-a-mbeidh-tracht-sa-stair-uirthi-do-trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh/|teideal=Bua stairiúil ag na Daonlathaigh, teip a mbeidh trácht sa stair uirthi do Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh|dáta=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Gas Prices near Adin, California on 09-30-2026.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Bhí praghas an [[Breosla|bhreosla]] ag cur isteach ar an gcuid is mó den phobal ag an am]] [[Íomhá:Anti ai data center sign 1.jpg|clé|mion|260x260px|Imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]]]] [[Íomhá:Protest against ICE in downtown Minneapolis 23 January 2026 - ICE Out sign and US flag .jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Agóid i Minneapolis in aghaidh ICE, 2026]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 8.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Abdul El-Sayed]], a toghadh mar sheanadóir i Michigan]][[Íomhá:James Talarico on Earning Black Voters’ Trust - The Tashara Parker Show.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: [[James Talarico]] a toghadh sheanadóir i Texas]] [[Íomhá:SecretaryDebHaaland (cropped 2).jpg|clé|mion|289x289px|Deb Haaland, an chéad duine de bhundhúchasaigh Mheiriceá a toghadh ariamh ina gobharnóir]] [[Íomhá:Keisha Lance Bottoms in 2019.jpg|clé|mion|303x303px|Keisha Lance Bottoms, an chéad bhean dhubh a toghadh ina ghobharnóir ]] [[Íomhá:Annie Andrews Greenville.jpg|clé|mion|293x293px|Annie Andrews: chaill na Poblachtánaigh suíochán Seanaid in [[Carolina Theas|South Carolina]] den chéad uair le beagnach 30 bliain nuair a toghadh í]] == Cúlra == Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí. Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.<ref name=":1" /> Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála. == Feachtas == Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].<ref name=":1" /> Léirigh buanna móra na nDaonlathaigh an fhearg atá ar an phobal leis an Uachtarán Trump faoin chostas ard maireachtála, faoina chuid taraifí ar thíortha iasachta agus faoina chogadh ar an Iaráin, rud atá ag cur go mór le costas breosla agus le míshástacht an phobail le réimeas Trump. Ba gheall le reifreann ar Trump iad na toghcháin lár-téarma. Shíl Donald Trump leas a bhaint as a sheasamh nuair a bhí sé i bun stocaireachta ar fud na tíre. Dúirt sé lena lucht tacaíochta ag slógaidh toghcháin "ligigí oraibh féin go bhfuil m'ainm ar a pháipéar vótála." Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946. == Torthaí == B’ionann farasbarr breis is 12 pointe céatadáin na nDaonlathach sa vóta náisiúnta do [[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Theach na nIonadaithe]] agus an farasbarr is mó ag ceachtar den dá pháirtí i dtoghchán Comhdhála le 50 bliain. '''Na Stáit''' Fuair na Daonlathaigh an bua i Stáit a bhí i seilbh na bPoblachtánach le fada - i South Carolina, North Carolina, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio, Texas agus i Maine. I [[Texas]], ceann de na Stáit is Poblachtánaí i Meiriceá, fuair an t-iarrthóir Daonlathach James Talarico an ceann is fearr ar an "bhfathach" Poblachtánach Ken Paxton, an chéad Daonlathach chun suíochán Seanaid a fháil sa stát sin ó 1988. Fuair an Daonlathach Gina Hinojosa an bua ar Greg Abbott i rás an ghobharnóra i Texas, post a bhí ag Poblachtánaigh le blianta fada. Is í Gina Hinojosa an chéad Easpáinneach a toghadh ina gobharnór sa stát dearg.<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ceannas ag Daonlathaigh i dtoghcháin lár-téarma an lae inné|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/1104/1597929-ceannas-ag-daonlathaigh-i-dtoghchain-lar-tearma-an-lae-inne/|date=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Fuair an Dr. Abdul El-Sayed an ceann is fearr ar an Phoblachtánach Mike Rogers i stát [[Michigan]], an chéad duine den chreideamh Mhoslamach i Seanad na Stát Aontaithe. Dhírigh feachtas binbeach na bPoblachtánach ar chreideamh an Dr. El-Sayed agus ar a chúlra Arabach. Is í an Daonlathach Deb Haaland an chéad duine de bhundhúchasaigh Mheiriceá a toghadh ariamh ina gobharnóir sna Stáit Aontaithe. Fuair sise an ceann is fearr ar Gregg Hull, Poblachtánach i [[Nua-Mheicsiceo|New Mexico]]. I [[Kansas]] toghadh an chéad Daonlathach chuig an Seanad ó 1932 nuair a bhuaigh an ministéir Modhach Adam Hamilton an suíochán sa stát coimeádach. Chaill na Poblachtánaigh suíochán Seanaid in [[Carolina Theas|South Carolina]] den chéad uair le beagnach 30 bliain nuair a fuair an Dr Annie Andrews an ceann is fearr ar Darline Graham, deirfiúr le Lindsey Graham, an seanadóir agus dílseoir mór de chuid Trump a fuair bás i mbliana. I Stát [[Maine]], fuair an iománaí crann Troy Jackson an bua ar an Seanadóir fadbhunaithe Poblachtánach Susan Collins. In [[Iowa]] agus [[Carolina Thuaidh|North Carolina]] toghadh Seanadóirí Daonlathacha den chéad uair ó 2008. In [[Georgia (stát S.A.M.)|Georgia]], toghadh ina gobharnóir Keisha Lance Bottoms, an chéad bhean dhubh a toghadh ina ghobharnóir i Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá. (Roimhe seo, níor toghadh riamh ach triúr den chine dubh ina ngobharnóirí, triúr fear ón bPáirtí Daonlathach). In [[New Hampshire]] d’éirigh le Chris Pappas suíochán Seanaid a fháil agus is é an chéad Seanadóir a toghadh riamh a dúirt go poiblí raibh sé aerach. '''Socheolaíocht''' Rinne na Daonlathaigh dul chun cinn mór san sna ceantair is saibhre agus sna ceantair is boichte - in áiteanna a bhfuil céim ollscoile ag daoine ach freisin in áiteanna nach bhfuil céim ag mórán. Rinne an páirtí dul chun cinn chomh maith i gceantair láidre Easpáinneacha - ina measc stát Texas a vótáil ar shon Donald Trump i 2024.<ref name=":2" /> == Iarmhairtí == Fuair an páirtí Daonlathach an cumhacht reachtaíocht a stopadh, mór-fhiosruithe a thionscnamh maidir le rialtas Donald Trump agus bac a chur ar cheapacháin shinsearacha sa rialtas agus sna cúirteanna. Ní raibh Donald Trump aon dlí a rith tríd an gComhdháil le linn 2027-2028. Agus bhí ceannairí comhdhála an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh in ann Donald Trump agus a chomhghuaillithe a fhiosrú.<ref name=":3" /> Thosaigh neart daoine ag caint faoin té a d’fhéadfadh teacht i ndiaidh Trump mar iarrthóir na bPoblachtánach in 2028 agus cé a bheidh ag na Daonlathaigh ina n-iarracht an Teach Bán a fháil ar ais. == Féach freisin == * [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]] * [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2022]] * [[Abdul El-Sayed]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:2026]] [[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]] [[Catagóir:Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe]] swi86httrfr6xeml7vzqpgp83hfms0z 1331831 1331828 2026-11-04T21:46:52Z TGcoa 21229 1331831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} Reáchtáladh toghcháin lár téarma sna Stáit Aontaithe ar an 3 Samhain 2026. Chaith breis is 100 milliún duine vóta. Bhí rogha le déanamh ar gach uile cheann den 435 suíochán i d[[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Teach na nIonadaithe]] chomh maith leis an tríú cuid den 100 suíochán atá sa [[Seanad na Stát Aontaithe|Seanad]]. Bhí cual feidhmeannach eile le toghadh ag leibhéal na stát. Bhí gobharnóirí le toghadh freisin i 36 as an 50 stát chomh maith le suíocháin a líonadh sna forais reachtacha ag leibhéal na stát.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-ar-a-ndicheall-ag-iarraidh-seasamh-roimh-maidhm-ghorm/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh ar a ndícheall ag iarraidh seasamh roimh ‘Maidhm Ghorm’|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}</ref> D'éirigh leis an bpáirtí Daonlathach tromlach is ceannas a fháil ar cheachtar de [[Tithe na Comhdhála|Thithe na Comhdhála]]. Cuir an ‘Maidhm Ghorm’ seo athrú mór ar an dá bhliain deiridh ag an Uachtarán Trump; chuir sé tús chomh maith le hiomaíocht ghéar chomharbais.<ref name=":3">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/bua-stairiuil-ag-na-daonlathaigh-teip-a-mbeidh-tracht-sa-stair-uirthi-do-trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh/|teideal=Bua stairiúil ag na Daonlathaigh, teip a mbeidh trácht sa stair uirthi do Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh|dáta=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Gas Prices near Adin, California on 09-30-2026.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Bhí praghas an [[Breosla|bhreosla]] ag cur isteach ar an gcuid is mó den phobal ag an am]] [[Íomhá:Anti ai data center sign 1.jpg|clé|mion|260x260px|Imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]]]] [[Íomhá:Protest against ICE in downtown Minneapolis 23 January 2026 - ICE Out sign and US flag .jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Agóid i Minneapolis in aghaidh ICE, 2026]] [[Íomhá:Abdul El-Sayed meet-and-greet by Conlan Houston 8.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Abdul El-Sayed]], a toghadh mar sheanadóir i Michigan]][[Íomhá:James Talarico on Earning Black Voters’ Trust - The Tashara Parker Show.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán: [[James Talarico]] a toghadh sheanadóir i Texas]] [[Íomhá:SecretaryDebHaaland (cropped 2).jpg|clé|mion|289x289px|Deb Haaland, an chéad duine de bhundhúchasaigh Mheiriceá a toghadh ariamh ina gobharnóir]] [[Íomhá:Keisha Lance Bottoms in 2019.jpg|clé|mion|303x303px|Keisha Lance Bottoms, an chéad bhean dhubh a toghadh ina ghobharnóir ]] [[Íomhá:Annie Andrews Greenville.jpg|clé|mion|293x293px|Annie Andrews: chaill na Poblachtánaigh suíochán Seanaid in [[Carolina Theas|South Carolina]] den chéad uair le beagnach 30 bliain nuair a toghadh í]] == Cúlra == Bhí na Poblachtánaigh i gceannas ar Theach na nIonadaithe agus ar an Seanad roimh toghcháin lár téarma 2026. Bhí tromlach beag ag na Poblachtánaigh i dTeach na nIonadaithe agus 218 ionadaí acusan. Ceathrar níos lú atá ag na Daonlathaigh, 214 ionadaí. Bhí 55% de na suíocháin sna forais reachtacha sa tír ag an bpáirtí Poblachtánach agus gan ag na Daonlathaigh ach 44%.<ref name=":1" /> Le linn 2025-2026, ba bheag nach raibh cead a chinn ag Trump lena chumhacht feidhmiúcháin agus d’éirigh leis a chiontú in dhá tháinseamh a sheachaint a bhuíochas don tromlach a bhí ag a pháirtí in dhá theach na Comhdhála. == Feachtas == Ba iad na ceisteanna is mó a tharraing caint i rith an fheachtais an eacnamaíocht, an costas maireachtála, an inimirce, an [[Cogadh na Stát Aontaithe agus Iosrael in aghaidh na hIaráine|cogadh san Iaráin]] agus an imní faoin [[intleacht shaorga]].<ref name=":1" /> Léirigh buanna móra na nDaonlathaigh an fhearg atá ar an phobal leis an Uachtarán Trump faoin chostas ard maireachtála, faoina chuid taraifí ar thíortha iasachta agus faoina chogadh ar an Iaráin, rud atá ag cur go mór le costas breosla agus le míshástacht an phobail le réimeas Trump. Ba gheall le reifreann ar Trump iad na toghcháin lár-téarma. Shíl Donald Trump leas a bhaint as a sheasamh nuair a bhí sé i bun stocaireachta ar fud na tíre. Dúirt sé lena lucht tacaíochta ag slógaidh toghcháin "ligigí oraibh féin go bhfuil m'ainm ar a pháipéar vótála." Ach i mí na Samhna 2026, bhí an ráta tacaíochta is ísle ag an Uachtarán Trump ó [[Harry Truman]] i 1946. == Torthaí == B’ionann farasbarr breis is 12 pointe céatadáin na nDaonlathach sa vóta náisiúnta do [[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Theach na nIonadaithe]] agus an farasbarr is mó ag ceachtar den dá pháirtí i dtoghchán Comhdhála le 50 bliain. '''Na Stáit''' Fuair na Daonlathaigh an bua i Stáit a bhí i seilbh na bPoblachtánach le fada - i South Carolina, North Carolina, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio, Texas agus i Maine. I [[Texas]], ceann de na Stáit is Poblachtánaí i Meiriceá, fuair an t-iarrthóir Daonlathach James Talarico an ceann is fearr ar an "bhfathach" Poblachtánach Ken Paxton, an chéad Daonlathach chun suíochán Seanaid a fháil sa stát sin ó 1988. Fuair an Daonlathach Gina Hinojosa an bua ar Greg Abbott i rás an ghobharnóra i Texas, post a bhí ag Poblachtánaigh le blianta fada. Is í Gina Hinojosa an chéad Easpáinneach a toghadh ina gobharnór sa stát dearg.<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ceannas ag Daonlathaigh i dtoghcháin lár-téarma an lae inné|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/1104/1597929-ceannas-ag-daonlathaigh-i-dtoghchain-lar-tearma-an-lae-inne/|date=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Fuair an Dr. Abdul El-Sayed an ceann is fearr ar an Phoblachtánach Mike Rogers i stát [[Michigan]], an chéad duine den chreideamh Mhoslamach i Seanad na Stát Aontaithe. Dhírigh feachtas binbeach na bPoblachtánach ar chreideamh an Dr. El-Sayed agus ar a chúlra Arabach. Is í an Daonlathach Deb Haaland an chéad duine de bhundhúchasaigh Mheiriceá a toghadh ariamh ina gobharnóir sna Stáit Aontaithe. Fuair sise an ceann is fearr ar Gregg Hull, Poblachtánach i [[Nua-Mheicsiceo|New Mexico]]. I [[Kansas]] toghadh an chéad Daonlathach chuig an Seanad ó 1932 nuair a bhuaigh an ministéir Modhach Adam Hamilton an suíochán sa stát coimeádach. Chaill na Poblachtánaigh suíochán Seanaid in [[Carolina Theas|South Carolina]] den chéad uair le beagnach 30 bliain nuair a fuair an Dr Annie Andrews an ceann is fearr ar Darline Graham, deirfiúr le Lindsey Graham, an seanadóir agus dílseoir mór de chuid Trump a fuair bás i mbliana. I Stát [[Maine]], fuair an iománaí crann Troy Jackson an bua ar an Seanadóir fadbhunaithe Poblachtánach Susan Collins. In [[Iowa]] agus [[Carolina Thuaidh|North Carolina]] toghadh Seanadóirí Daonlathacha den chéad uair ó 2008. In [[Georgia (stát S.A.M.)|Georgia]], toghadh ina gobharnóir Keisha Lance Bottoms, an chéad bhean dhubh a toghadh ina ghobharnóir i Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá. (Roimhe seo, níor toghadh riamh ach triúr den chine dubh ina ngobharnóirí, triúr fear ón bPáirtí Daonlathach). In [[New Hampshire]] d’éirigh le Chris Pappas suíochán Seanaid a fháil agus is é an chéad Seanadóir a toghadh riamh a dúirt go poiblí raibh sé aerach. '''Socheolaíocht''' Rinne na Daonlathaigh dul chun cinn mór san sna ceantair is saibhre agus sna ceantair is boichte - in áiteanna a bhfuil céim ollscoile ag daoine ach freisin in áiteanna nach bhfuil céim ag mórán. Rinne an páirtí dul chun cinn chomh maith i gceantair láidre Easpáinneacha - ina measc stát Texas a vótáil ar shon Donald Trump i 2024.<ref name=":2" /> == Iarmhairtí == Fuair an páirtí Daonlathach an cumhacht reachtaíocht a stopadh, mór-fhiosruithe a thionscnamh maidir le rialtas Donald Trump agus bac a chur ar cheapacháin shinsearacha sa rialtas agus sna cúirteanna. "Ceannaire ar leathchois" a tugadh ar Donald Trump.<ref name=":4">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/trump-agus-na-poblachtanaigh-faoi-uisce-ag-sunamai-gorm-na-ndaonlathach-i-dtoghchain-lar-tearma/|teideal=Trump agus na Poblachtánaigh faoi uisce ag ‘Súnámaí Gorm’ na nDaonlathach i dtoghcháin lár téarma|dáta=2026-11-04|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-04}}</ref> Ní raibh sé aon dlí a rith tríd an gComhdháil le linn 2027-2028. Agus bhí ceannairí comhdhála an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh in ann Donald Trump agus a chomhghuaillithe a fhiosrú.<ref name=":3" /> Chuir an ‘Mhaidhm Ghorm’, ar gaire do ‘Súnamaí Gorm’ í, tús le hiomaíocht ghéar chomharbais agus cinneadh le déanamh ag an dá pháirtí faoina n-iarrthóirí do thoghchán na huachtaránachta in 2028.<ref name=":4" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma Donald Trump]] * [[Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe 2022]] * [[Abdul El-Sayed]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:2026]] [[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]] [[Catagóir:Toghcháin na Stát Aontaithe]] 55cwrnghsrniu9rn82phbi4tg1dmv9r 0 128783 1331794 2026-11-04T16:39:24Z Ériugena 188 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375819197|List of compounds with carbon number 2]]" 1331794 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo páirtliosta páirteach de [[Móilín|mhóilíní]] ina bhfuil 2 adamh [[Carbón|carbóin]] iontu.. 1302fefbehlrtve02hrigj364vr1h0q 1331796 1331794 2026-11-04T17:19:33Z Ériugena 188 1331796 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo páirtliosta páirteach de [[Móilín|mhóilíní]] ina bhfuil 2 adamh [[Carbón|carbóin]] iontu.. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Chemical formula || Synonyms || CAS number |- | C₂Al || [[monoaluminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd aonalúmanaim || 37297-57-7 |- | C₂Al₂ || [[dialuminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd dé-alúmanaim || 12122-01-9 |- | C₂B || [[boron dicarbide]] — décharbíd bhóróin || 12539-98-9 |- | C₂Be || [[beryllium dicarbide]] — décharbíd bheirilliam || 12070-28-9 |- | C₂BrCl || [[bromochloroacetylene]] — brómachlóraicéitiléin || 25604-70-0 |- | C₂BrClF₂O || [[bromodifluoroacetylchloride]] — brómaidifluaraicéitilclóiríd || 3832-48-2 |- | C₂BrCl₅ || [[bromopentachloroethane]] — brómapeinteaclóireatán || 79504-02-2 |- | C₂BrF₅ || [[bromopentafluoroethane]] — brómapheinteafluaraeitán || 354-55-2 |- | C₂Br₂FN || [[dibromofluoroacetonitrile]] — débhrómafhluaraicéitínitríl || 6698-74-4 |- | C₂Br₂N₂O₂ || [[dibromofuroxan]] — débhrómafhurocsán || 70134-71-3 |- | C₂Br₂O₂ || [[oxalyl bromide]] — bróiríd ocsalaile || 15219-34-8 |- | C₂Br₆ || [[hexabromoethane]] — heicseabhrómaeitán || 594-73-0 |- | C₂Ca || [[calcium carbide]] — carbíd chailciam || 75-20-7 |- | C₂Ce || [[cerium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam || 12012-32-7 |- | C₂CeRh || [[cerium rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam-róidiam || 53262-56-9 |- | C₂Cl₂F₂ || [[dichlorodifluoroethylene]] — déchlóraidefluaraeitiléin || 27156-03-2 |- | C₂Cl₂O₂ || [[oxalyl chloride]] — clóiríd ocsalaile || 79-37-8 |- | C₂Cl₃N || [[trichloroacetonitrile]] — tríclóraicéitínitríl || 108-77-0 |- | C₂Cl₄ || [[tetrachloroethylene]] — teitreachlóraeitiléin || 127-18-4 |- | C₂Cl₄O || [[trichloroacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd tríclóraicéitile || 76-02-8 |- | C₂Cl₄O₂ || [[trichloromethyl chloroformate]] — clóraformáit tríclóraimeitile || 503-38-8 |- | C₂Cl₅F || [[pentachlorofluoroethane]] — peinteaclórafluaraeitán || 354-56-3 |- | C₂CoNO₃ || [[cobalt dicarbonyl nitrosyl]] — nítreasóil décharbóinile cóbailt || 61332-94-3 |- | C₂Dy || [[dysprosium dicarbide]] — décharbíd diospróisiam || 12175-80-3 |- | C₂Er || [[erbium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eirbiam || 12192-37-9 |- | C₂Eu || [[europium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eoraipiam || 12127-44-5 |- | C₂FN₅O₁₀ || [[fluoropentanitroethane]] — fluarapeintanítraeitán || 23072-51-7 |- | C₂F₂O₂ || [[oxalyl fluoride]] — fluairíd ocsalaile || 359-40-0 |- | C₂F₃ || [[trifluorovinyl radical]] — fréamh trífluaraivíníle || 4605-17-8 |- | C₂F₃I || [[iodotrifluoroethylene]] — iaidotrífluaraeitiléin || 359-37-5 |- | C₂F₃N || [[trifluoromethylisocyanide]] — trífluaraimeitilisiciainíd || 105879-13-8 |- | C₂F₅ || [[pentafluoro ethyl radical]] — fréamh peinteafluaraeitile || 3369-48-0 |- | C₂F₅I || [[pentafluoroethyliodide]] — iaidíd peinteafluaraeitile || 354-64-3 |- | C₂F₆O₅S₂ || [[trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd trífhluaramheatáinsulfónach || 358-23-6 |- | C₂F₇N || [[perfluoroethanamine]] — pearfhluaraeataimín || 354-80-3 |- | C₂H || [[ethynyl radical]] — fréamh eitineile || 2122-48-7 |- | C₂HBrClF₃ || [[halothane]] — halatáin || 151-67-7 |- | C₂HBrO || [[bromoketene]] — brómaiceitéin || 78957-22-9 |- | C₂HBr₂FO₂ || [[dibromofluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad débhrómafluaraicéiteach || 353-99-1 |- | C₂HBr₃ || [[tribromoethene]] — tríbhrómaeitéin || 598-16-3 |- | C₂HBr₃O₂ || [[tribromoacetic acid]] — aigéad tríbhrómaicéiteach || 75-96-7 |- | C₂HClO || [[chloroketene]] — clóiraiceitéin || 29804-89-5 |- | C₂HCl₃ || [[trichloroethylene]] — tríchlóraeitiléin || 79-01-6 |- | C₂HCl₃O || [[chloral]] — clóral || 75-87-6 |- | C₂HF₃OS || [[trifluorothiolacetic acid]] — aigéad trífhluaraiteolaicéiteach || 2925-25-9 |- | C₂HF₅O || [[ ether]] — éitear fluaradéimeitile || 3822-68-2 |- | C₂HNO || [[formyl cyanide]] — ciainíd fhoirmile || 4471-47-0 |- | C₂HO || [[ethynyloxy radical]] — fréamh eitineileocsa || 51095-15-9 |- | C₂H₂ || [[acetylene]] — aicéitiléin || 74-86-2 |- | C₂H₂AsCl₃ || [[lewisite]] — lobhaoisít || 541-25-3 |- | C₂H₂BrClO || [[bromoacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd bhrómaicéitile || 22118-09-8 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O || [[bromoacetyl bromide]] — bróiríd bhrómaicéitile || 598-21-0 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O₂ || [[dibromoethanoic acid]] — aigéad débhrómaeatánach || 631-64-1 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂ || [[dichloromethane]] — déchlóraimeatán || |- | C₂H₂ClF₂NO || [[chlorodifluoroacetamide]] — clóraidifhluaraicéataimíd || 354-28-9 |- | C₂H₂ClNS || [[chloromethyl thiocyanate]] — tiaicianáit chlóirmheitile || 3268-79-9 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂O || [[dichloroacetaldehyde]] — déchlóraicéataldéhíd || 79-02-7 |- | C₂H₂FN || [[fluoroacetonitrile]] — fluaraicéitínitríl || 503-20-8 |- | C₂H₂F₂O₂ || [[difluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad défhluaraicéiteach || 381-73-7 |- | C₂H₂IN || [[iodoacetonitrile]] — iadaicéitinítríl || 624-75-9 |- | C₂H₂N || [[cyanomethyl radical]] — fréamh ciainaimeitile || 2932-82-3 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethynol]] — eitilneól || 32038-79-2 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethenone]] — eitéanón || 463-51-4 |- | C₂H₂O || [[oxirene]] — ocsairéin || 157-18-6 |- | C₂H₂OS || [[ethynesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitínsulféineach || 121564-25-8 |- | C₂H₂O₂ || [[glyoxal]] — gliocsal || 107-22-2 |- | C₂H₂O₃ || [[formic acid anhydride]] — ainhidríd an aigéid fhoirmigh || 1558-67-4 |- | C₂H₂O₄ || [[oxalic acid]] — aigéad ocsalach || 144-62-7 |- | C₂H₂O₈Pb₃ || [[basic lead carbonate]] — carbónáit bhunata luaidhe || 1319-46-6 |- | C₂H₂S || [[thioketene]] — tiaicheitéin || 18282-77-4 |- | C₂H₂Se || [[selenoketene]] — seiléinaicéitéin || 61134-37-0 |- | C₂H₃ || [[vinyl radical]] — fréamh vínile || 2669-89-8 |- | C₂H₃BF₂ || [[vinyldifluoroborane]] — vínildéfluarabóráin || 358-95-2 |- | C₂H₃BrO || [[acetyl bromide]] — '''bróiríd aicéitile''' || 506-96-7 |- | C₂H₃Br₃O₂ || [[bromal hydrate]] — hiodráit bhrómáil || 507-42-6 |- | C₂H₃Cl || [[methylchlorocarbene]] — meatilclóracarbéin || 31304-51-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO || [[acetyl chloride]] — clóiríd aicéitile || 75-36-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO₂S || [[methoxycarbonylsulfenyl chloride]] — clóiríd meatocsaicarbóinilsulféinile || 26555-40-8 |- | C₂H₃Cl₃O₂ || [[chloral hydrate]] — hiodráit chlóráil || 302-17-0 |- | C₂H₃FO || [[acetyl fluoride]] — fluairíd aicéitile || 557-99-3 |- | C₂H₃F₂NO || [[difluoroacetamide]] — défluaraicéataimíd || 359-38-6 |- | C₂H₃F₃O₂Si || [[silyl trifluoroacetate]] — trífluaraicéatáit sile || 6876-44-4 |- | C₂H₃F₃S₂ || [[methyl trifluoromethyl disulfide]] — déshuilfíd mheatiltrífluaraimeitile || 14410-21-0 |- | C₂H₃IO || [[acetyl iodide]] — iaidíd aicéitile || 507-02-8 |- | C₂H₃KO₂ || [[potassium acetate]] — aicéatáit photaisiam || 127-08-2 |- | C₂H₃N || [[acetonitrile]] — aicéitínitríl || 75-05-8 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[methylcyanate]] — meatilciaianáit || 1768-34-9 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[nitrosoethylene]] — nítreasaeitiléin || 54680-52-3 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethene]] — nítreaeitéin || 500016-67-1 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethylene]] — nítreaeitiléin || 3638-64-0 |- | C₂H₃NO₃ || [[oxamic acid]] — aigéad ocsamach || 471-47-6 |- | C₂H₃NO₄ || [[acetyl nitrate]] — nítráit aicéitile || 591-09-3 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl isoselenocyanate]] — iseileilciaianáit mheatile || 4426-70-4 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl selenocyanate]] — seileilciaianáit mheatile || 2179-80-8 |- | C₂H₃NaO₂ || [[sodium ethanoate]] — eatánáit sóidiam || 127-09-3 |- | C₂H₃O || [[acetyl radical]] — fréamh aicéitile || 3170-69-2 |- | C₂H₃O || [[oxiranyl radical]] — fréamh ocsairanile || 31586-84-2 |- | C₂H₃O || {{ill|Vinyloxy|lt=vinyloxy radical|qid=Q27120718|s=1}} — fréamh vínileocsa || 6912-06-7 |- | C₂H₃O₂Tl || [[thallium acetate]] — aicéatáit thailiam || 563-68-8 |- | C₂H₄ || [[ethylene]] — eitiléin || 74-85-1 |- | C₂H₄ClO₂P || [[ethylene chlorophosphite]] — clórafosfíit eitiléine || 822-39-9 |- | C₂H₄Cl₂ || [[dichloroethane]] — déchlóraeatán || 1300-21-6 |- | C₂H₄F₂O || [[difluoroethanol]] — défluaraeatánól || 359-13-7 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₂ || [[oxalamide]] — ocsalaimíd || 471-46-5 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₄ || [[dihydroxyglyoxime]] — déhiodrocsagliceocsaim || 1687-60-1 |- | C₂H₄N₂S₂ || [[ethanedithioamide]] — eatánditiaimíd || 79-40-3 |- | C₂H₄N₄ || [[2-Cyanoguanidine|dicyanodiamide]] — déchianaidéadiamíd || 461-58-5 |- | C₂H₄N₄O₂ || [[diazenedicarboxamide]] — déaiséindécharboocsaimíd || 123-77-3 |- | C₂H₄O || [[acetaldehyde]] — aicéataldéhíd || 75-07-0 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethenol]] — eitéanól || 557-75-5 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethylene oxide]] — ocsaíd eitiléine || 75-21-8 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethanethioic acid]] — aigéad eatántiaiceach || 507-09-5 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethenesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitéinsulféanach || 2492-74-2 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[acetic acid]] — aigéad aicéiteach || 64-19-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[1,2-dioxetane]] — 1,2-déocsaéatáin || 6788-84-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[formaldehyde dimer]] — démhéar fhoirmaildéhíde || 61233-19-0 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[methyl formate]] — formáit mheatile || 107-31-3 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[glycolaldehyde]] — gliceolaicéataldéhíd || 141-46-8 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[ethaneperoxoic acid]] — aigéad eatánpearocsach || 79-21-0 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[monomethyl carbonate]] — aonmheatil charbónáit || 7456-87-3 |- | C₂H₄O₄ || [[formic acid dimer]] — démhéar an aigéid fhoirmigh || 14523-98-9 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thiirane]] — tiairáin || 420-12-2 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thioacetaldehyde]] — tia-aicéataldéhíd || 6851-93-0 |- | C₂H₄Se || [[selenoacetaldehyde]] — seiléinaicéataldéhíd || 67281-48-5 |- | C₂H₄Se₃ || [[triselenothane]] — tríseiléineatán || 121400-83-7 |- | C₂H₅ || [[ethyl radical]] — fréamh eitile || 2025-56-1 |- | C₂H₅BCl₂ || [[ethyldichloroborane]] — eitildéchlórabóráin || 1739-53-3 |- | C₂H₅BF₂ || [[ethylidifluoroborane]] — eitildéfluarabóráin || 430-41-1 |- | C₂H₅BrHg || [[ethylmercuric bromide]] — bróiríd eitilmearcúraigh || 107-26-6 |- | C₂H₆Hg || [[dimethylmercury]] — démeitilmearcúr || 593-74-8 |- | C₂H₅BrO || [[bromomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear brómaimeitilmeitile || 13057-17-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl || [[ethyl chloride]] — clóiríd eitile || 75-00-3 |- | C₂H₅ClN₂O || [[chloroacetyl hydrazine]] — clóraicéitilhiodraisín || 30956-28-6 |- | C₂H₅ClO || [[ethyl hypochlorite]] — hipiclóirít eitile || 624-85-1 |- | C₂H₅ClO₂S || [[ethanesulfonyl chloride]] — clóiríd eatánsulfóinile || 594-44-5 |- | C₂H₅ClS || [[chloromethylmethyl sulfide]] — suilfíd chlóraimeitilmeitile || 2373-51-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂O₂P || [[ethyl dichlorophosphate]] — déchlórafosfáit eitile || 1498-51-7 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂P || [[ethyldichlorophosphine]] — eitildéchlórafosfíne || 1498-40-4 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂PSe || [[ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride]] — déchlóiríd eitilfosfainseiléanoch || 14705-46-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₃Si || [[ethyltrichlorosilane]] — eitiltríclórasioláin || 115-21-9 |- | C₂H₅FO || [[methoxymethyl fluoride]] — fluairíd mheatocsaimeitile || 460-22-0 |- | C₂H₅FO₂S || [[ethane sulfonyl fluoride]] — fluairíd eatánsulfóinile || 754-03-0 |- | C₂H₅HgI || [[ethylmercuric iodide]] — iaidíd eitilmearcúraigh || 2440-42-8 |- | C₂H₅I || [[iodoethane]] — iaidoeatán || 75-03-6 |- | C₂H₅IO || [[iodomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear iaidomeitilmeitile || 13057-19-7 |- | C₂H₅IS || [[iodomethyl methyl sulfide]] — suilfíd iaidomeitilmeitile || 43034-68-0 |- | C₂H₅Li || [[ethyl lithium]] — eitillitiam || 811-49-4 |- | C₂H₅N || [[acetaldimine]] — aicéataldaimín || 20729-41-3 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethenamine]] — eitéinaimín || 593-67-9 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethylenimine]] — eitiléinimín || 151-56-4 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetaldoxime]] — aicéataldocsaím || 107-29-9 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetamide]] — aicéataimíd || 60-35-5 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[nitrosoethane]] — nítreasaeatán || 925-91-7 |- | C₂H₅NOS || [[aminothioacetic acid]] — aigéad aimíntia-aicéiteach || 758-10-1 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycine]] — glícin || 56-40-6 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycolamide]] — gliceolaimíd || 598-42-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₂S || [[vinylsulfonamide]] — vínilsulfónaimíd || 2386-58-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₄ || [[ammonium acid oxalate]] — ocsaláit aigéadach amóiniam || 5972-72-5 |- | C₂H₅NS || [[ethanethioamide]] — eatántiaimíd || 62-55-5 |- | C₂H₅N₃O₂ || [[imidodicarbonic diamide]] — déaimíd imididécharbónach || 108-19-0 |- | C₂H₅O || [[ethoxy radical]] — fréamh eatocsa || 2154-50-9 |- | C₂H₅P || [[phosphirane]] — fosfiráin || 6569-82-0 |- | C₂H₅P || [[vinyl phosphine]] — fosfíne vínile || 58436-39-8 |- | C₂H₅PS₂ || [[phosphenodithioic ethane]] — eatán fosféiniditiaoch || 41391-49-5 |- | C₂H₅S || [[methylthiomethyl radical]] — fréamh meatiltiaimeitile || 31533-72-9 |- | C₂H₆ || [[ethane]] — eatán || 74-84-0 |- | C₂H₆AlCl || [[dimethylaluminum chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilalúmanaim || 1184-58-3 |- | C₂H₆AsBr || [[dimethylarsine bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilairsíne || 676-71-1 |- | C₂H₆AsCl || [[chlorodimethylarsine]] — clóradémeitilairsín || 557-89-1 |- | C₂H₆BBr || [[dimethylboron bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilbóróin || 5158-50-9 |- | C₂H₆BCl || [[chlorodimethylborane]] — clóradémeitilbóráin || 1803-36-7 |- | C₂H₆BClFN || [[dimethylaminofluorochloroborane]] — démeitilaimínofluaraclórabóráin || 38481-07-1 |- | C₂H₆BClO₂ || [[chlorodimethoxyborane]] — clóradémeatocsabóráin || 868-81-5 |- | C₂H₆BFO₂ || [[fluorodimethoxyborane]] — fluaradémeatocsabóráin || 367-46-4 |- | C₂H₆Be || [[dimethylberyllium]] — démeitilbeirilliam || 506-63-8 |- | C₂H₆ClOP || [[dimethylphosphinic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneach || 1111-92-8 |- | C₂H₆ClO₂P || [[dimethylchlorophosphite]] — démeitilclórafosfíit || 3743-07-5 |- | C₂H₆ClPS || [[dimethylphosphinothioic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneatiaoch || 993-12-4 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Ge || [[dimethylgermanium dichloride]] — déchlóiríd démeitilgearmáiniam || 1529-48-2 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Si || [[ethyldichlorosilane]] — eitildéchlórasioláin || 1789-58-8 |- | C₂H₆FO₂P || [[methyl methylphosphonofluoridate]] — meitilmeitilfosfanafluaridáit || 353-88-8 |- | C₂H₆FP || [[dimethyl fluorophosphine]] — démeitilfluarafosfíne || 507-15-3 |- | C₂H₆F₃NS || [[dimethylaminosulfur trifluoride]] — trífluairíd démeitilaimínsulfair || 3880-03-3 |- | C₂H₆GeO || [[dimethylgermanone]] — démeitilgearmánón || 5061-27-8 |- | C₂H₆GeS || [[dimethylgermathione]] — démeitilgearmáitíón || 16090-49-6 |- | C₂H₆N || [[dimethyl amidogen]] — démeitilaimídeagán || 15337-44-7 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₂ || [[ethylnitramine]] — eitilnítreaimín || 19091-98-6 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₄ || [[hydrazinium hydrogen oxalate]] — hiodraisíniam hidrigineocsaláit || 20321-02-2 |- | C₂H₆O || [[dimethyl ether]] — éitear démeitile || 115-10-6 |- | C₂H₆O || [[ethanol]] — eatánól || 64-17-5 |- | C₂H₆OS || [[dimethyl sulfoxide]] — démeitilsulfocsaíd || 67-68-5 |- | C₂H₆OS₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfinate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfíneáit || 13882-12-7 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethyl hydroperoxide]] — eitilhidripeaocsaíd || 3031-74-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethylene glycol]] — eitiléingliceol || 107-21-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂S || [[dimethyl sulfone]] — démeitilsulfón || 67-71-0 |- | C₂H₆O₂S₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfonate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfónáit || 2949-92-0 |- | C₂H₆O₄ || [[dioxybismethanol]] — déocsabismeatánól || 17088-73-2 |- | C₂H₆O₅S₂ || [[methanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd meatáinsulfónach || 7143-01-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[dimethyl sulfide]] — démeitilsuilfíd || 75-18-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[ethanethiol]] — eatántiol || 75-08-1 |- | C₂H₆S₅ || [[dimethyl pentasulfide]] — démeitilpeinteasuilfíd || 7330-31-6 |- | C₂H₆Se || [[dimethyl selenide]] — démeitilseiléiníd || 593-79-3 |- | C₂H₆Se₂ || [[dimethyl diselenide]] — démeitildéiseiléiníd || 7101-31-7 |- | C₂H₆Si₂ || [[disilyl acetylene]] — déshilil aicéitiléin || 1070-76-4 |- | C₂H₆Sn || [[dimethylstannylene radical]] — fréamh démeitilstainiléine || 23120-99-2 |- | C₂H₆Te || [[dimethyltelluride]] — démeitiltellúiríd || 593-80-6 |- | C₂H₆Zn || [[dimethylzinc]] — démeitilsinc || 544-97-8 |- | C₂H₇As || [[dimethylarsine]] — démeitilairsín || 593-57-7 |- | C₂H₇AsO₃ || [[ethylarsonic acid]] — aigéad eitilairsónach || 507-32-4 |- | C₂H₇BF₃N || [[dimethylaminetrifluoroborane]] — démeitilaimíntrífluarabóráin || 811-59-6 |- | C₂H₇BO₂ || [[ethyldihydroxyborane]] — eitildéhiodrocsabóráin || 4433-63-0 |- | C₂H₇ClO || [[dimethyl ether hydrogen chloride complex]] — coimpléasc éitear démeitile is clóiríd hidrigine || 24521-77-5 |- | C₂H₇N || [[ethylamine]] — eitilaimín || 75-04-7 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[acetaldehyde ammonia trimer]] — trímhéar aicéataldéhíde is amóinia || 75-39-8 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[ethanolamine]] — eatánóilimín || 141-43-5 |- | C₂H₇NO₂S || [[ethanesulfonamide]] — eatánsulfónaimíd || 1520-70-3 |- | C₂H₇NO₃S || [[taurine]] — tairín || 91105-79-2 |- | C₂H₇NO₄S₂ || [[dimethane sulfonamide]] — démeatánsulfónaimíd || 5347-82-0 |- | C₂H₇NS || [[mercaptamine]] — mearcaptaimín || 60-23-1 |- | C₂H₇O₃P || [[ethylphosphonic acid]] — aigéad eitilfosfónach || 15845-66-6 |- | C₂H₈BF₄N || [[dimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate]] — teitreafluarabhóráit démeitilamóiniam || 16970-97-1 |- | C₂H₈BrN || [[ethylammoniumbromide]] — bróimíd eitilamóiniam || 593-55-5 |- | C₂H₈N₂ || [[ethylenediamine]] — eitiléindéaimín || 107-15-3 |- | C₂H₈N₂O₄ || [[ammonium oxalate]] — ocsaláit amóiniam || 1113-38-8 |- | C₂H₈O₂Si || [[dimethoxysilane]] — démeatocsasioláin || 5314-52-3 |- | C₂H₉N₂O₃ || [[ethylammonium nitrate]] — nítráit eitilamóiniam || 22113-86-6 |- | C₂H₁₀N₂O₈S₂Fe || [[ferrous ethylenediammonium sulfate]] — suilfáit eitiléindéamóiniam fhearúil || 63589-59-3 |- | C₂H₁₂CdTe || [[dimethylcadmium·dimethyltellurium]] — démeitilcadminiam·démeitiltellúiriam || 143481-66-7 |- | C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S || [[guanidine sulfate]] — suilfáit ghuainidín || 594-14-9 |- | C₂HgN₂S₂ || [[mercuric thiocyanate]] — tiiciaianáit mhearcúraigh || 592-85-8 |- | C₂Ho || [[holmium dicarbide]] — décharbíd hoilmiam || 12071-14-6 |- | C₂K₂N₂ || [[potassium cyanide dimer]] — démhéar ciainíd photaisiam || 55186-08-8 |- | C₂La || [[lanthanum dicarbide]] — décharbíd lantainim || 12071-15-7 |- | C₂Li₂ || [[lithium carbide]] — carbíd litiam || 1070-75-3 |- | C₂Lu || [[lutetium dicarbide]] — décharbíd lúitéitiam || 12175-89-2 |- | C₂Mg || [[magnesium carbide]] — carbíd mhaignéisiam || 12122-46-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[bisisocyanide]] — biseisiciainíd || 78800-21-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[cyanogen]] — ciaingin || 460-19-5 |- | C₂N₂Na₂ || [[sodium cyanide]] — ciainíd sóidiam || 55186-09-9 |- | C₂N₂O || [[cyanogen isocyanate]] — isiciaianáit chiaingine || 22430-66-6 |- | C₂N₂S || [[cyanogen isothiocyanate]] — isitiiciaianáit chiaingine || 56023-03-1 |- | C₂N₂S || [[sulfur dicyanide]] — déchiainíd sulfair || 627-52-1 |- | C₂N₂S₂ || [[thiocyanogen]] — tiiciaingin || 505-14-6 |- | C₂N₂Se || [[selenium cyanide]] — ciainíd seiléiniam || 2180-01-0 |- | C₂N₄O₆ || [[trinitroacetonitrile]] — trínítreaaicéitínitríl || 630-72-8 |- | C₂N₆O₁₂ || [[hexanitroethane]] — heicseanítraeatán || 918-37-6 |- | C₂Na₂ || [[Carbide#Acetylides / Ethynides|Sodium carbide]] — carbíd sóidiam || 2881-62-1 |- | C₂Na₂O₄ || [[sodium oxalate]] — ocsaláit sóidiam || 62-76-0 |- | C₂Nd || [[neodymium dicarbide]] — décharbíd niaidimiam || 12071-21-5 |- | C₂O || [[dicarbon monoxide]] — aonocsaíd décharbóin || 12071-23-7 |- | C₂P || [[dicarbon phosphide]] — fosfíid décharbóin || 12602-39-0 |- | C₂Rh || [[rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd róidiam || 37306-47-1 |- | C₂Sc || [[scandium dicarbide]] — décharbíd scaindiam || 12175-91-6 |- | C₂Si || [[silicon dicarbide]] — décharbíd sileacain || 12071-27-1 |- | C₂Si₂ || [[disiladicarbide]] — déshileadécharbíd || 12144-09-1 |- | C₂Th || [[thorium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tóiriam || 12071-31-7 |- | C₂Ti || [[titanium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tíotáiniam || 12071-32-8 |- | C₂U || [[uranium dicarbide]] — décharbíd úráiniam || 12071-33-9 |- | C₂V || [[vanadium dicarbide]] — décharbíd vanaidiam || 12542-39-1 |- | C₂Y || [[yttrium dicarbide]] — décharbíd ittiriam || 12071-35-1 |- | C₂Zr || [[zirconium dicarbide]] — décharbíd siarcóiniam || 12340-54-4 |- |} 1awp43frpx9dca4a1kjblbbago45vnf 1331801 1331796 2026-11-04T17:37:07Z Ériugena 188 Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Liosta comhdhúile le huimhir charbóin 2]] go [[Liosta de chomhdúile le huimhir charbóin 2]] 1331796 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo páirtliosta páirteach de [[Móilín|mhóilíní]] ina bhfuil 2 adamh [[Carbón|carbóin]] iontu.. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Chemical formula || Synonyms || CAS number |- | C₂Al || [[monoaluminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd aonalúmanaim || 37297-57-7 |- | C₂Al₂ || [[dialuminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd dé-alúmanaim || 12122-01-9 |- | C₂B || [[boron dicarbide]] — décharbíd bhóróin || 12539-98-9 |- | C₂Be || [[beryllium dicarbide]] — décharbíd bheirilliam || 12070-28-9 |- | C₂BrCl || [[bromochloroacetylene]] — brómachlóraicéitiléin || 25604-70-0 |- | C₂BrClF₂O || [[bromodifluoroacetylchloride]] — brómaidifluaraicéitilclóiríd || 3832-48-2 |- | C₂BrCl₅ || [[bromopentachloroethane]] — brómapeinteaclóireatán || 79504-02-2 |- | C₂BrF₅ || [[bromopentafluoroethane]] — brómapheinteafluaraeitán || 354-55-2 |- | C₂Br₂FN || [[dibromofluoroacetonitrile]] — débhrómafhluaraicéitínitríl || 6698-74-4 |- | C₂Br₂N₂O₂ || [[dibromofuroxan]] — débhrómafhurocsán || 70134-71-3 |- | C₂Br₂O₂ || [[oxalyl bromide]] — bróiríd ocsalaile || 15219-34-8 |- | C₂Br₆ || [[hexabromoethane]] — heicseabhrómaeitán || 594-73-0 |- | C₂Ca || [[calcium carbide]] — carbíd chailciam || 75-20-7 |- | C₂Ce || [[cerium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam || 12012-32-7 |- | C₂CeRh || [[cerium rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam-róidiam || 53262-56-9 |- | C₂Cl₂F₂ || [[dichlorodifluoroethylene]] — déchlóraidefluaraeitiléin || 27156-03-2 |- | C₂Cl₂O₂ || [[oxalyl chloride]] — clóiríd ocsalaile || 79-37-8 |- | C₂Cl₃N || [[trichloroacetonitrile]] — tríclóraicéitínitríl || 108-77-0 |- | C₂Cl₄ || [[tetrachloroethylene]] — teitreachlóraeitiléin || 127-18-4 |- | C₂Cl₄O || [[trichloroacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd tríclóraicéitile || 76-02-8 |- | C₂Cl₄O₂ || [[trichloromethyl chloroformate]] — clóraformáit tríclóraimeitile || 503-38-8 |- | C₂Cl₅F || [[pentachlorofluoroethane]] — peinteaclórafluaraeitán || 354-56-3 |- | C₂CoNO₃ || [[cobalt dicarbonyl nitrosyl]] — nítreasóil décharbóinile cóbailt || 61332-94-3 |- | C₂Dy || [[dysprosium dicarbide]] — décharbíd diospróisiam || 12175-80-3 |- | C₂Er || [[erbium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eirbiam || 12192-37-9 |- | C₂Eu || [[europium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eoraipiam || 12127-44-5 |- | C₂FN₅O₁₀ || [[fluoropentanitroethane]] — fluarapeintanítraeitán || 23072-51-7 |- | C₂F₂O₂ || [[oxalyl fluoride]] — fluairíd ocsalaile || 359-40-0 |- | C₂F₃ || [[trifluorovinyl radical]] — fréamh trífluaraivíníle || 4605-17-8 |- | C₂F₃I || [[iodotrifluoroethylene]] — iaidotrífluaraeitiléin || 359-37-5 |- | C₂F₃N || [[trifluoromethylisocyanide]] — trífluaraimeitilisiciainíd || 105879-13-8 |- | C₂F₅ || [[pentafluoro ethyl radical]] — fréamh peinteafluaraeitile || 3369-48-0 |- | C₂F₅I || [[pentafluoroethyliodide]] — iaidíd peinteafluaraeitile || 354-64-3 |- | C₂F₆O₅S₂ || [[trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd trífhluaramheatáinsulfónach || 358-23-6 |- | C₂F₇N || [[perfluoroethanamine]] — pearfhluaraeataimín || 354-80-3 |- | C₂H || [[ethynyl radical]] — fréamh eitineile || 2122-48-7 |- | C₂HBrClF₃ || [[halothane]] — halatáin || 151-67-7 |- | C₂HBrO || [[bromoketene]] — brómaiceitéin || 78957-22-9 |- | C₂HBr₂FO₂ || [[dibromofluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad débhrómafluaraicéiteach || 353-99-1 |- | C₂HBr₃ || [[tribromoethene]] — tríbhrómaeitéin || 598-16-3 |- | C₂HBr₃O₂ || [[tribromoacetic acid]] — aigéad tríbhrómaicéiteach || 75-96-7 |- | C₂HClO || [[chloroketene]] — clóiraiceitéin || 29804-89-5 |- | C₂HCl₃ || [[trichloroethylene]] — tríchlóraeitiléin || 79-01-6 |- | C₂HCl₃O || [[chloral]] — clóral || 75-87-6 |- | C₂HF₃OS || [[trifluorothiolacetic acid]] — aigéad trífhluaraiteolaicéiteach || 2925-25-9 |- | C₂HF₅O || [[ ether]] — éitear fluaradéimeitile || 3822-68-2 |- | C₂HNO || [[formyl cyanide]] — ciainíd fhoirmile || 4471-47-0 |- | C₂HO || [[ethynyloxy radical]] — fréamh eitineileocsa || 51095-15-9 |- | C₂H₂ || [[acetylene]] — aicéitiléin || 74-86-2 |- | C₂H₂AsCl₃ || [[lewisite]] — lobhaoisít || 541-25-3 |- | C₂H₂BrClO || [[bromoacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd bhrómaicéitile || 22118-09-8 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O || [[bromoacetyl bromide]] — bróiríd bhrómaicéitile || 598-21-0 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O₂ || [[dibromoethanoic acid]] — aigéad débhrómaeatánach || 631-64-1 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂ || [[dichloromethane]] — déchlóraimeatán || |- | C₂H₂ClF₂NO || [[chlorodifluoroacetamide]] — clóraidifhluaraicéataimíd || 354-28-9 |- | C₂H₂ClNS || [[chloromethyl thiocyanate]] — tiaicianáit chlóirmheitile || 3268-79-9 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂O || [[dichloroacetaldehyde]] — déchlóraicéataldéhíd || 79-02-7 |- | C₂H₂FN || [[fluoroacetonitrile]] — fluaraicéitínitríl || 503-20-8 |- | C₂H₂F₂O₂ || [[difluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad défhluaraicéiteach || 381-73-7 |- | C₂H₂IN || [[iodoacetonitrile]] — iadaicéitinítríl || 624-75-9 |- | C₂H₂N || [[cyanomethyl radical]] — fréamh ciainaimeitile || 2932-82-3 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethynol]] — eitilneól || 32038-79-2 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethenone]] — eitéanón || 463-51-4 |- | C₂H₂O || [[oxirene]] — ocsairéin || 157-18-6 |- | C₂H₂OS || [[ethynesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitínsulféineach || 121564-25-8 |- | C₂H₂O₂ || [[glyoxal]] — gliocsal || 107-22-2 |- | C₂H₂O₃ || [[formic acid anhydride]] — ainhidríd an aigéid fhoirmigh || 1558-67-4 |- | C₂H₂O₄ || [[oxalic acid]] — aigéad ocsalach || 144-62-7 |- | C₂H₂O₈Pb₃ || [[basic lead carbonate]] — carbónáit bhunata luaidhe || 1319-46-6 |- | C₂H₂S || [[thioketene]] — tiaicheitéin || 18282-77-4 |- | C₂H₂Se || [[selenoketene]] — seiléinaicéitéin || 61134-37-0 |- | C₂H₃ || [[vinyl radical]] — fréamh vínile || 2669-89-8 |- | C₂H₃BF₂ || [[vinyldifluoroborane]] — vínildéfluarabóráin || 358-95-2 |- | C₂H₃BrO || [[acetyl bromide]] — '''bróiríd aicéitile''' || 506-96-7 |- | C₂H₃Br₃O₂ || [[bromal hydrate]] — hiodráit bhrómáil || 507-42-6 |- | C₂H₃Cl || [[methylchlorocarbene]] — meatilclóracarbéin || 31304-51-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO || [[acetyl chloride]] — clóiríd aicéitile || 75-36-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO₂S || [[methoxycarbonylsulfenyl chloride]] — clóiríd meatocsaicarbóinilsulféinile || 26555-40-8 |- | C₂H₃Cl₃O₂ || [[chloral hydrate]] — hiodráit chlóráil || 302-17-0 |- | C₂H₃FO || [[acetyl fluoride]] — fluairíd aicéitile || 557-99-3 |- | C₂H₃F₂NO || [[difluoroacetamide]] — défluaraicéataimíd || 359-38-6 |- | C₂H₃F₃O₂Si || [[silyl trifluoroacetate]] — trífluaraicéatáit sile || 6876-44-4 |- | C₂H₃F₃S₂ || [[methyl trifluoromethyl disulfide]] — déshuilfíd mheatiltrífluaraimeitile || 14410-21-0 |- | C₂H₃IO || [[acetyl iodide]] — iaidíd aicéitile || 507-02-8 |- | C₂H₃KO₂ || [[potassium acetate]] — aicéatáit photaisiam || 127-08-2 |- | C₂H₃N || [[acetonitrile]] — aicéitínitríl || 75-05-8 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[methylcyanate]] — meatilciaianáit || 1768-34-9 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[nitrosoethylene]] — nítreasaeitiléin || 54680-52-3 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethene]] — nítreaeitéin || 500016-67-1 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethylene]] — nítreaeitiléin || 3638-64-0 |- | C₂H₃NO₃ || [[oxamic acid]] — aigéad ocsamach || 471-47-6 |- | C₂H₃NO₄ || [[acetyl nitrate]] — nítráit aicéitile || 591-09-3 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl isoselenocyanate]] — iseileilciaianáit mheatile || 4426-70-4 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl selenocyanate]] — seileilciaianáit mheatile || 2179-80-8 |- | C₂H₃NaO₂ || [[sodium ethanoate]] — eatánáit sóidiam || 127-09-3 |- | C₂H₃O || [[acetyl radical]] — fréamh aicéitile || 3170-69-2 |- | C₂H₃O || [[oxiranyl radical]] — fréamh ocsairanile || 31586-84-2 |- | C₂H₃O || {{ill|Vinyloxy|lt=vinyloxy radical|qid=Q27120718|s=1}} — fréamh vínileocsa || 6912-06-7 |- | C₂H₃O₂Tl || [[thallium acetate]] — aicéatáit thailiam || 563-68-8 |- | C₂H₄ || [[ethylene]] — eitiléin || 74-85-1 |- | C₂H₄ClO₂P || [[ethylene chlorophosphite]] — clórafosfíit eitiléine || 822-39-9 |- | C₂H₄Cl₂ || [[dichloroethane]] — déchlóraeatán || 1300-21-6 |- | C₂H₄F₂O || [[difluoroethanol]] — défluaraeatánól || 359-13-7 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₂ || [[oxalamide]] — ocsalaimíd || 471-46-5 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₄ || [[dihydroxyglyoxime]] — déhiodrocsagliceocsaim || 1687-60-1 |- | C₂H₄N₂S₂ || [[ethanedithioamide]] — eatánditiaimíd || 79-40-3 |- | C₂H₄N₄ || [[2-Cyanoguanidine|dicyanodiamide]] — déchianaidéadiamíd || 461-58-5 |- | C₂H₄N₄O₂ || [[diazenedicarboxamide]] — déaiséindécharboocsaimíd || 123-77-3 |- | C₂H₄O || [[acetaldehyde]] — aicéataldéhíd || 75-07-0 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethenol]] — eitéanól || 557-75-5 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethylene oxide]] — ocsaíd eitiléine || 75-21-8 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethanethioic acid]] — aigéad eatántiaiceach || 507-09-5 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethenesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitéinsulféanach || 2492-74-2 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[acetic acid]] — aigéad aicéiteach || 64-19-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[1,2-dioxetane]] — 1,2-déocsaéatáin || 6788-84-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[formaldehyde dimer]] — démhéar fhoirmaildéhíde || 61233-19-0 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[methyl formate]] — formáit mheatile || 107-31-3 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[glycolaldehyde]] — gliceolaicéataldéhíd || 141-46-8 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[ethaneperoxoic acid]] — aigéad eatánpearocsach || 79-21-0 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[monomethyl carbonate]] — aonmheatil charbónáit || 7456-87-3 |- | C₂H₄O₄ || [[formic acid dimer]] — démhéar an aigéid fhoirmigh || 14523-98-9 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thiirane]] — tiairáin || 420-12-2 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thioacetaldehyde]] — tia-aicéataldéhíd || 6851-93-0 |- | C₂H₄Se || [[selenoacetaldehyde]] — seiléinaicéataldéhíd || 67281-48-5 |- | C₂H₄Se₃ || [[triselenothane]] — tríseiléineatán || 121400-83-7 |- | C₂H₅ || [[ethyl radical]] — fréamh eitile || 2025-56-1 |- | C₂H₅BCl₂ || [[ethyldichloroborane]] — eitildéchlórabóráin || 1739-53-3 |- | C₂H₅BF₂ || [[ethylidifluoroborane]] — eitildéfluarabóráin || 430-41-1 |- | C₂H₅BrHg || [[ethylmercuric bromide]] — bróiríd eitilmearcúraigh || 107-26-6 |- | C₂H₆Hg || [[dimethylmercury]] — démeitilmearcúr || 593-74-8 |- | C₂H₅BrO || [[bromomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear brómaimeitilmeitile || 13057-17-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl || [[ethyl chloride]] — clóiríd eitile || 75-00-3 |- | C₂H₅ClN₂O || [[chloroacetyl hydrazine]] — clóraicéitilhiodraisín || 30956-28-6 |- | C₂H₅ClO || [[ethyl hypochlorite]] — hipiclóirít eitile || 624-85-1 |- | C₂H₅ClO₂S || [[ethanesulfonyl chloride]] — clóiríd eatánsulfóinile || 594-44-5 |- | C₂H₅ClS || [[chloromethylmethyl sulfide]] — suilfíd chlóraimeitilmeitile || 2373-51-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂O₂P || [[ethyl dichlorophosphate]] — déchlórafosfáit eitile || 1498-51-7 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂P || [[ethyldichlorophosphine]] — eitildéchlórafosfíne || 1498-40-4 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂PSe || [[ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride]] — déchlóiríd eitilfosfainseiléanoch || 14705-46-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₃Si || [[ethyltrichlorosilane]] — eitiltríclórasioláin || 115-21-9 |- | C₂H₅FO || [[methoxymethyl fluoride]] — fluairíd mheatocsaimeitile || 460-22-0 |- | C₂H₅FO₂S || [[ethane sulfonyl fluoride]] — fluairíd eatánsulfóinile || 754-03-0 |- | C₂H₅HgI || [[ethylmercuric iodide]] — iaidíd eitilmearcúraigh || 2440-42-8 |- | C₂H₅I || [[iodoethane]] — iaidoeatán || 75-03-6 |- | C₂H₅IO || [[iodomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear iaidomeitilmeitile || 13057-19-7 |- | C₂H₅IS || [[iodomethyl methyl sulfide]] — suilfíd iaidomeitilmeitile || 43034-68-0 |- | C₂H₅Li || [[ethyl lithium]] — eitillitiam || 811-49-4 |- | C₂H₅N || [[acetaldimine]] — aicéataldaimín || 20729-41-3 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethenamine]] — eitéinaimín || 593-67-9 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethylenimine]] — eitiléinimín || 151-56-4 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetaldoxime]] — aicéataldocsaím || 107-29-9 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetamide]] — aicéataimíd || 60-35-5 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[nitrosoethane]] — nítreasaeatán || 925-91-7 |- | C₂H₅NOS || [[aminothioacetic acid]] — aigéad aimíntia-aicéiteach || 758-10-1 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycine]] — glícin || 56-40-6 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycolamide]] — gliceolaimíd || 598-42-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₂S || [[vinylsulfonamide]] — vínilsulfónaimíd || 2386-58-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₄ || [[ammonium acid oxalate]] — ocsaláit aigéadach amóiniam || 5972-72-5 |- | C₂H₅NS || [[ethanethioamide]] — eatántiaimíd || 62-55-5 |- | C₂H₅N₃O₂ || [[imidodicarbonic diamide]] — déaimíd imididécharbónach || 108-19-0 |- | C₂H₅O || [[ethoxy radical]] — fréamh eatocsa || 2154-50-9 |- | C₂H₅P || [[phosphirane]] — fosfiráin || 6569-82-0 |- | C₂H₅P || [[vinyl phosphine]] — fosfíne vínile || 58436-39-8 |- | C₂H₅PS₂ || [[phosphenodithioic ethane]] — eatán fosféiniditiaoch || 41391-49-5 |- | C₂H₅S || [[methylthiomethyl radical]] — fréamh meatiltiaimeitile || 31533-72-9 |- | C₂H₆ || [[ethane]] — eatán || 74-84-0 |- | C₂H₆AlCl || [[dimethylaluminum chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilalúmanaim || 1184-58-3 |- | C₂H₆AsBr || [[dimethylarsine bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilairsíne || 676-71-1 |- | C₂H₆AsCl || [[chlorodimethylarsine]] — clóradémeitilairsín || 557-89-1 |- | C₂H₆BBr || [[dimethylboron bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilbóróin || 5158-50-9 |- | C₂H₆BCl || [[chlorodimethylborane]] — clóradémeitilbóráin || 1803-36-7 |- | C₂H₆BClFN || [[dimethylaminofluorochloroborane]] — démeitilaimínofluaraclórabóráin || 38481-07-1 |- | C₂H₆BClO₂ || [[chlorodimethoxyborane]] — clóradémeatocsabóráin || 868-81-5 |- | C₂H₆BFO₂ || [[fluorodimethoxyborane]] — fluaradémeatocsabóráin || 367-46-4 |- | C₂H₆Be || [[dimethylberyllium]] — démeitilbeirilliam || 506-63-8 |- | C₂H₆ClOP || [[dimethylphosphinic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneach || 1111-92-8 |- | C₂H₆ClO₂P || [[dimethylchlorophosphite]] — démeitilclórafosfíit || 3743-07-5 |- | C₂H₆ClPS || [[dimethylphosphinothioic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneatiaoch || 993-12-4 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Ge || [[dimethylgermanium dichloride]] — déchlóiríd démeitilgearmáiniam || 1529-48-2 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Si || [[ethyldichlorosilane]] — eitildéchlórasioláin || 1789-58-8 |- | C₂H₆FO₂P || [[methyl methylphosphonofluoridate]] — meitilmeitilfosfanafluaridáit || 353-88-8 |- | C₂H₆FP || [[dimethyl fluorophosphine]] — démeitilfluarafosfíne || 507-15-3 |- | C₂H₆F₃NS || [[dimethylaminosulfur trifluoride]] — trífluairíd démeitilaimínsulfair || 3880-03-3 |- | C₂H₆GeO || [[dimethylgermanone]] — démeitilgearmánón || 5061-27-8 |- | C₂H₆GeS || [[dimethylgermathione]] — démeitilgearmáitíón || 16090-49-6 |- | C₂H₆N || [[dimethyl amidogen]] — démeitilaimídeagán || 15337-44-7 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₂ || [[ethylnitramine]] — eitilnítreaimín || 19091-98-6 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₄ || [[hydrazinium hydrogen oxalate]] — hiodraisíniam hidrigineocsaláit || 20321-02-2 |- | C₂H₆O || [[dimethyl ether]] — éitear démeitile || 115-10-6 |- | C₂H₆O || [[ethanol]] — eatánól || 64-17-5 |- | C₂H₆OS || [[dimethyl sulfoxide]] — démeitilsulfocsaíd || 67-68-5 |- | C₂H₆OS₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfinate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfíneáit || 13882-12-7 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethyl hydroperoxide]] — eitilhidripeaocsaíd || 3031-74-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethylene glycol]] — eitiléingliceol || 107-21-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂S || [[dimethyl sulfone]] — démeitilsulfón || 67-71-0 |- | C₂H₆O₂S₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfonate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfónáit || 2949-92-0 |- | C₂H₆O₄ || [[dioxybismethanol]] — déocsabismeatánól || 17088-73-2 |- | C₂H₆O₅S₂ || [[methanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd meatáinsulfónach || 7143-01-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[dimethyl sulfide]] — démeitilsuilfíd || 75-18-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[ethanethiol]] — eatántiol || 75-08-1 |- | C₂H₆S₅ || [[dimethyl pentasulfide]] — démeitilpeinteasuilfíd || 7330-31-6 |- | C₂H₆Se || [[dimethyl selenide]] — démeitilseiléiníd || 593-79-3 |- | C₂H₆Se₂ || [[dimethyl diselenide]] — démeitildéiseiléiníd || 7101-31-7 |- | C₂H₆Si₂ || [[disilyl acetylene]] — déshilil aicéitiléin || 1070-76-4 |- | C₂H₆Sn || [[dimethylstannylene radical]] — fréamh démeitilstainiléine || 23120-99-2 |- | C₂H₆Te || [[dimethyltelluride]] — démeitiltellúiríd || 593-80-6 |- | C₂H₆Zn || [[dimethylzinc]] — démeitilsinc || 544-97-8 |- | C₂H₇As || [[dimethylarsine]] — démeitilairsín || 593-57-7 |- | C₂H₇AsO₃ || [[ethylarsonic acid]] — aigéad eitilairsónach || 507-32-4 |- | C₂H₇BF₃N || [[dimethylaminetrifluoroborane]] — démeitilaimíntrífluarabóráin || 811-59-6 |- | C₂H₇BO₂ || [[ethyldihydroxyborane]] — eitildéhiodrocsabóráin || 4433-63-0 |- | C₂H₇ClO || [[dimethyl ether hydrogen chloride complex]] — coimpléasc éitear démeitile is clóiríd hidrigine || 24521-77-5 |- | C₂H₇N || [[ethylamine]] — eitilaimín || 75-04-7 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[acetaldehyde ammonia trimer]] — trímhéar aicéataldéhíde is amóinia || 75-39-8 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[ethanolamine]] — eatánóilimín || 141-43-5 |- | C₂H₇NO₂S || [[ethanesulfonamide]] — eatánsulfónaimíd || 1520-70-3 |- | C₂H₇NO₃S || [[taurine]] — tairín || 91105-79-2 |- | C₂H₇NO₄S₂ || [[dimethane sulfonamide]] — démeatánsulfónaimíd || 5347-82-0 |- | C₂H₇NS || [[mercaptamine]] — mearcaptaimín || 60-23-1 |- | C₂H₇O₃P || [[ethylphosphonic acid]] — aigéad eitilfosfónach || 15845-66-6 |- | C₂H₈BF₄N || [[dimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate]] — teitreafluarabhóráit démeitilamóiniam || 16970-97-1 |- | C₂H₈BrN || [[ethylammoniumbromide]] — bróimíd eitilamóiniam || 593-55-5 |- | C₂H₈N₂ || [[ethylenediamine]] — eitiléindéaimín || 107-15-3 |- | C₂H₈N₂O₄ || [[ammonium oxalate]] — ocsaláit amóiniam || 1113-38-8 |- | C₂H₈O₂Si || [[dimethoxysilane]] — démeatocsasioláin || 5314-52-3 |- | C₂H₉N₂O₃ || [[ethylammonium nitrate]] — nítráit eitilamóiniam || 22113-86-6 |- | C₂H₁₀N₂O₈S₂Fe || [[ferrous ethylenediammonium sulfate]] — suilfáit eitiléindéamóiniam fhearúil || 63589-59-3 |- | C₂H₁₂CdTe || [[dimethylcadmium·dimethyltellurium]] — démeitilcadminiam·démeitiltellúiriam || 143481-66-7 |- | C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S || [[guanidine sulfate]] — suilfáit ghuainidín || 594-14-9 |- | C₂HgN₂S₂ || [[mercuric thiocyanate]] — tiiciaianáit mhearcúraigh || 592-85-8 |- | C₂Ho || [[holmium dicarbide]] — décharbíd hoilmiam || 12071-14-6 |- | C₂K₂N₂ || [[potassium cyanide dimer]] — démhéar ciainíd photaisiam || 55186-08-8 |- | C₂La || [[lanthanum dicarbide]] — décharbíd lantainim || 12071-15-7 |- | C₂Li₂ || [[lithium carbide]] — carbíd litiam || 1070-75-3 |- | C₂Lu || [[lutetium dicarbide]] — décharbíd lúitéitiam || 12175-89-2 |- | C₂Mg || [[magnesium carbide]] — carbíd mhaignéisiam || 12122-46-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[bisisocyanide]] — biseisiciainíd || 78800-21-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[cyanogen]] — ciaingin || 460-19-5 |- | C₂N₂Na₂ || [[sodium cyanide]] — ciainíd sóidiam || 55186-09-9 |- | C₂N₂O || [[cyanogen isocyanate]] — isiciaianáit chiaingine || 22430-66-6 |- | C₂N₂S || [[cyanogen isothiocyanate]] — isitiiciaianáit chiaingine || 56023-03-1 |- | C₂N₂S || [[sulfur dicyanide]] — déchiainíd sulfair || 627-52-1 |- | C₂N₂S₂ || [[thiocyanogen]] — tiiciaingin || 505-14-6 |- | C₂N₂Se || [[selenium cyanide]] — ciainíd seiléiniam || 2180-01-0 |- | C₂N₄O₆ || [[trinitroacetonitrile]] — trínítreaaicéitínitríl || 630-72-8 |- | C₂N₆O₁₂ || [[hexanitroethane]] — heicseanítraeatán || 918-37-6 |- | C₂Na₂ || [[Carbide#Acetylides / Ethynides|Sodium carbide]] — carbíd sóidiam || 2881-62-1 |- | C₂Na₂O₄ || [[sodium oxalate]] — ocsaláit sóidiam || 62-76-0 |- | C₂Nd || [[neodymium dicarbide]] — décharbíd niaidimiam || 12071-21-5 |- | C₂O || [[dicarbon monoxide]] — aonocsaíd décharbóin || 12071-23-7 |- | C₂P || [[dicarbon phosphide]] — fosfíid décharbóin || 12602-39-0 |- | C₂Rh || [[rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd róidiam || 37306-47-1 |- | C₂Sc || [[scandium dicarbide]] — décharbíd scaindiam || 12175-91-6 |- | C₂Si || [[silicon dicarbide]] — décharbíd sileacain || 12071-27-1 |- | C₂Si₂ || [[disiladicarbide]] — déshileadécharbíd || 12144-09-1 |- | C₂Th || [[thorium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tóiriam || 12071-31-7 |- | C₂Ti || [[titanium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tíotáiniam || 12071-32-8 |- | C₂U || [[uranium dicarbide]] — décharbíd úráiniam || 12071-33-9 |- | C₂V || [[vanadium dicarbide]] — décharbíd vanaidiam || 12542-39-1 |- | C₂Y || [[yttrium dicarbide]] — décharbíd ittiriam || 12071-35-1 |- | C₂Zr || [[zirconium dicarbide]] — décharbíd siarcóiniam || 12340-54-4 |- |} 1awp43frpx9dca4a1kjblbbago45vnf 1331805 1331801 2026-11-04T17:42:42Z Ériugena 188 1331805 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo páirtliosta páirteach de [[Móilín|mhóilíní]] ina bhfuil 2 adamh [[Carbón|carbóin]] iontu.. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Chemical formula || Synonyms || CAS number |- | C₂Al || [[monoaluminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd aonalúmanaim || 37297-57-7 |- | C₂Al₂ || [[dialuminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd dé-alúmanaim || 12122-01-9 |- | C₂B || [[boron dicarbide]] — décharbíd bhóróin || 12539-98-9 |- | C₂Be || [[beryllium dicarbide]] — décharbíd bheirilliam || 12070-28-9 |- | C₂BrCl || [[bromochloroacetylene]] — brómachlóraicéitiléin || 25604-70-0 |- | C₂BrClF₂O || [[bromodifluoroacetylchloride]] — brómaidifluaraicéitilclóiríd || 3832-48-2 |- | C₂BrCl₅ || [[bromopentachloroethane]] — brómapeinteaclóireatán || 79504-02-2 |- | C₂BrF₅ || [[bromopentafluoroethane]] — brómapheinteafluaraeitán || 354-55-2 |- | C₂Br₂FN || [[dibromofluoroacetonitrile]] — débhrómafhluaraicéitínitríl || 6698-74-4 |- | C₂Br₂N₂O₂ || [[dibromofuroxan]] — débhrómafhurocsán || 70134-71-3 |- | C₂Br₂O₂ || [[oxalyl bromide]] — bróiríd ocsalaile || 15219-34-8 |- | C₂Br₆ || [[hexabromoethane]] — heicseabhrómaeitán || 594-73-0 |- | C₂Ca || [[calcium carbide]] — carbíd chailciam || 75-20-7 |- | C₂Ce || [[cerium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam || 12012-32-7 |- | C₂CeRh || [[cerium rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam-róidiam || 53262-56-9 |- | C₂Cl₂F₂ || [[dichlorodifluoroethylene]] — déchlóraidefluaraeitiléin || 27156-03-2 |- | C₂Cl₂O₂ || [[oxalyl chloride]] — clóiríd ocsalaile || 79-37-8 |- | C₂Cl₃N || [[trichloroacetonitrile]] — tríclóraicéitínitríl || 108-77-0 |- | C₂Cl₄ || [[tetrachloroethylene]] — teitreachlóraeitiléin || 127-18-4 |- | C₂Cl₄O || [[trichloroacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd tríclóraicéitile || 76-02-8 |- | C₂Cl₄O₂ || [[trichloromethyl chloroformate]] — clóraformáit tríclóraimeitile || 503-38-8 |- | C₂Cl₅F || [[pentachlorofluoroethane]] — peinteaclórafluaraeitán || 354-56-3 |- | C₂CoNO₃ || [[cobalt dicarbonyl nitrosyl]] — nítreasóil décharbóinile cóbailt || 61332-94-3 |- | C₂Dy || [[dysprosium dicarbide]] — décharbíd diospróisiam || 12175-80-3 |- | C₂Er || [[erbium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eirbiam || 12192-37-9 |- | C₂Eu || [[europium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eoraipiam || 12127-44-5 |- | C₂FN₅O₁₀ || [[fluoropentanitroethane]] — fluarapeintanítraeitán || 23072-51-7 |- | C₂F₂O₂ || [[oxalyl fluoride]] — fluairíd ocsalaile || 359-40-0 |- | C₂F₃ || [[trifluorovinyl radical]] — fréamh trífluaraivíníle || 4605-17-8 |- | C₂F₃I || [[iodotrifluoroethylene]] — iaidotrífluaraeitiléin || 359-37-5 |- | C₂F₃N || [[trifluoromethylisocyanide]] — trífluaraimeitilisiciainíd || 105879-13-8 |- | C₂F₅ || [[pentafluoro ethyl radical]] — fréamh peinteafluaraeitile || 3369-48-0 |- | C₂F₅I || [[pentafluoroethyliodide]] — iaidíd peinteafluaraeitile || 354-64-3 |- | C₂F₆O₅S₂ || [[trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd trífhluaramheatáinsulfónach || 358-23-6 |- | C₂F₇N || [[perfluoroethanamine]] — pearfhluaraeataimín || 354-80-3 |- | C₂H || [[ethynyl radical]] — fréamh eitineile || 2122-48-7 |- | C₂HBrClF₃ || [[halothane]] — halatáin || 151-67-7 |- | C₂HBrO || [[bromoketene]] — brómaiceitéin || 78957-22-9 |- | C₂HBr₂FO₂ || [[dibromofluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad débhrómafluaraicéiteach || 353-99-1 |- | C₂HBr₃ || [[tribromoethene]] — tríbhrómaeitéin || 598-16-3 |- | C₂HBr₃O₂ || [[tribromoacetic acid]] — aigéad tríbhrómaicéiteach || 75-96-7 |- | C₂HClO || [[chloroketene]] — clóiraiceitéin || 29804-89-5 |- | C₂HCl₃ || [[trichloroethylene]] — tríchlóraeitiléin || 79-01-6 |- | C₂HCl₃O || [[chloral]] — clóral || 75-87-6 |- | C₂HF₃OS || [[trifluorothiolacetic acid]] — aigéad trífhluaraiteolaicéiteach || 2925-25-9 |- | C₂HF₅O || [[ ether]] — éitear fluaradéimeitile || 3822-68-2 |- | C₂HNO || [[formyl cyanide]] — ciainíd fhoirmile || 4471-47-0 |- | C₂HO || [[ethynyloxy radical]] — fréamh eitineileocsa || 51095-15-9 |- | C₂H₂ || [[acetylene]] — aicéitiléin || 74-86-2 |- | C₂H₂AsCl₃ || [[lewisite]] — lobhaoisít || 541-25-3 |- | C₂H₂BrClO || [[bromoacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd bhrómaicéitile || 22118-09-8 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O || [[bromoacetyl bromide]] — bróiríd bhrómaicéitile || 598-21-0 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O₂ || [[dibromoethanoic acid]] — aigéad débhrómaeatánach || 631-64-1 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂ || [[dichloromethane]] — déchlóraimeatán || |- | C₂H₂ClF₂NO || [[chlorodifluoroacetamide]] — clóraidifhluaraicéataimíd || 354-28-9 |- | C₂H₂ClNS || [[chloromethyl thiocyanate]] — tiaicianáit chlóirmheitile || 3268-79-9 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂O || [[dichloroacetaldehyde]] — déchlóraicéataldéhíd || 79-02-7 |- | C₂H₂FN || [[fluoroacetonitrile]] — fluaraicéitínitríl || 503-20-8 |- | C₂H₂F₂O₂ || [[difluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad défhluaraicéiteach || 381-73-7 |- | C₂H₂IN || [[iodoacetonitrile]] — iadaicéitinítríl || 624-75-9 |- | C₂H₂N || [[cyanomethyl radical]] — fréamh ciainaimeitile || 2932-82-3 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethynol]] — eitilneól || 32038-79-2 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethenone]] — eitéanón || 463-51-4 |- | C₂H₂O || [[oxirene]] — ocsairéin || 157-18-6 |- | C₂H₂OS || [[ethynesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitínsulféineach || 121564-25-8 |- | C₂H₂O₂ || [[glyoxal]] — gliocsal || 107-22-2 |- | C₂H₂O₃ || [[formic acid anhydride]] — ainhidríd an aigéid fhoirmigh || 1558-67-4 |- | C₂H₂O₄ || [[oxalic acid]] — aigéad ocsalach || 144-62-7 |- | C₂H₂O₈Pb₃ || [[basic lead carbonate]] — carbónáit bhunata luaidhe || 1319-46-6 |- | C₂H₂S || [[thioketene]] — tiaicheitéin || 18282-77-4 |- | C₂H₂Se || [[selenoketene]] — seiléinaicéitéin || 61134-37-0 |- | C₂H₃ || [[vinyl radical]] — fréamh vínile || 2669-89-8 |- | C₂H₃BF₂ || [[vinyldifluoroborane]] — vínildéfluarabóráin || 358-95-2 |- | C₂H₃BrO || [[acetyl bromide]] — '''bróiríd aicéitile''' || 506-96-7 |- | C₂H₃Br₃O₂ || [[bromal hydrate]] — hiodráit bhrómáil || 507-42-6 |- | C₂H₃Cl || [[methylchlorocarbene]] — meatilclóracarbéin || 31304-51-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO || [[acetyl chloride]] — clóiríd aicéitile || 75-36-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO₂S || [[methoxycarbonylsulfenyl chloride]] — clóiríd meatocsaicarbóinilsulféinile || 26555-40-8 |- | C₂H₃Cl₃O₂ || [[chloral hydrate]] — hiodráit chlóráil || 302-17-0 |- | C₂H₃FO || [[acetyl fluoride]] — fluairíd aicéitile || 557-99-3 |- | C₂H₃F₂NO || [[difluoroacetamide]] — défluaraicéataimíd || 359-38-6 |- | C₂H₃F₃O₂Si || [[silyl trifluoroacetate]] — trífluaraicéatáit sile || 6876-44-4 |- | C₂H₃F₃S₂ || [[methyl trifluoromethyl disulfide]] — déshuilfíd mheatiltrífluaraimeitile || 14410-21-0 |- | C₂H₃IO || [[acetyl iodide]] — iaidíd aicéitile || 507-02-8 |- | C₂H₃KO₂ || [[potassium acetate]] — aicéatáit photaisiam || 127-08-2 |- | C₂H₃N || [[acetonitrile]] — aicéitínitríl || 75-05-8 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[methylcyanate]] — meatilciaianáit || 1768-34-9 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[nitrosoethylene]] — nítreasaeitiléin || 54680-52-3 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethene]] — nítreaeitéin || 500016-67-1 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethylene]] — nítreaeitiléin || 3638-64-0 |- | C₂H₃NO₃ || [[oxamic acid]] — aigéad ocsamach || 471-47-6 |- | C₂H₃NO₄ || [[acetyl nitrate]] — nítráit aicéitile || 591-09-3 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl isoselenocyanate]] — iseileilciaianáit mheatile || 4426-70-4 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl selenocyanate]] — seileilciaianáit mheatile || 2179-80-8 |- | C₂H₃NaO₂ || [[sodium ethanoate]] — eatánáit sóidiam || 127-09-3 |- | C₂H₃O || [[acetyl radical]] — fréamh aicéitile || 3170-69-2 |- | C₂H₃O || [[oxiranyl radical]] — fréamh ocsairanile || 31586-84-2 |- | C₂H₃O || {{ill|Vinyloxy|lt=vinyloxy radical|qid=Q27120718|s=1}} — fréamh vínileocsa || 6912-06-7 |- | C₂H₃O₂Tl || [[thallium acetate]] — aicéatáit thailiam || 563-68-8 |- | C₂H₄ || [[ethylene]] — eitiléin || 74-85-1 |- | C₂H₄ClO₂P || [[ethylene chlorophosphite]] — clórafosfíit eitiléine || 822-39-9 |- | C₂H₄Cl₂ || [[dichloroethane]] — déchlóraeatán || 1300-21-6 |- | C₂H₄F₂O || [[difluoroethanol]] — défluaraeatánól || 359-13-7 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₂ || [[oxalamide]] — ocsalaimíd || 471-46-5 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₄ || [[dihydroxyglyoxime]] — déhiodrocsagliceocsaim || 1687-60-1 |- | C₂H₄N₂S₂ || [[ethanedithioamide]] — eatánditiaimíd || 79-40-3 |- | C₂H₄N₄ || [[2-Cyanoguanidine|dicyanodiamide]] — déchianaidéadiamíd || 461-58-5 |- | C₂H₄N₄O₂ || [[diazenedicarboxamide]] — déaiséindécharboocsaimíd || 123-77-3 |- | C₂H₄O || [[acetaldehyde]] — aicéataldéhíd || 75-07-0 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethenol]] — eitéanól || 557-75-5 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethylene oxide]] — ocsaíd eitiléine || 75-21-8 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethanethioic acid]] — aigéad eatántiaiceach || 507-09-5 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethenesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitéinsulféanach || 2492-74-2 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[acetic acid]] — aigéad aicéiteach || 64-19-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[1,2-dioxetane]] — 1,2-déocsaéatáin || 6788-84-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[formaldehyde dimer]] — démhéar fhoirmaildéhíde || 61233-19-0 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[methyl formate]] — formáit mheatile || 107-31-3 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[glycolaldehyde]] — gliceolaicéataldéhíd || 141-46-8 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[ethaneperoxoic acid]] — aigéad eatánpearocsach || 79-21-0 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[monomethyl carbonate]] — aonmheatil charbónáit || 7456-87-3 |- | C₂H₄O₄ || [[formic acid dimer]] — démhéar an aigéid fhoirmigh || 14523-98-9 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thiirane]] — tiairáin || 420-12-2 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thioacetaldehyde]] — tia-aicéataldéhíd || 6851-93-0 |- | C₂H₄Se || [[selenoacetaldehyde]] — seiléinaicéataldéhíd || 67281-48-5 |- | C₂H₄Se₃ || [[triselenothane]] — tríseiléineatán || 121400-83-7 |- | C₂H₅ || [[ethyl radical]] — fréamh eitile || 2025-56-1 |- | C₂H₅BCl₂ || [[ethyldichloroborane]] — eitildéchlórabóráin || 1739-53-3 |- | C₂H₅BF₂ || [[ethylidifluoroborane]] — eitildéfluarabóráin || 430-41-1 |- | C₂H₅BrHg || [[ethylmercuric bromide]] — bróiríd eitilmearcúraigh || 107-26-6 |- | C₂H₆Hg || [[dimethylmercury]] — démeitilmearcúr || 593-74-8 |- | C₂H₅BrO || [[bromomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear brómaimeitilmeitile || 13057-17-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl || [[ethyl chloride]] — clóiríd eitile || 75-00-3 |- | C₂H₅ClN₂O || [[chloroacetyl hydrazine]] — clóraicéitilhiodraisín || 30956-28-6 |- | C₂H₅ClO || [[ethyl hypochlorite]] — hipiclóirít eitile || 624-85-1 |- | C₂H₅ClO₂S || [[ethanesulfonyl chloride]] — clóiríd eatánsulfóinile || 594-44-5 |- | C₂H₅ClS || [[chloromethylmethyl sulfide]] — suilfíd chlóraimeitilmeitile || 2373-51-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂O₂P || [[ethyl dichlorophosphate]] — déchlórafosfáit eitile || 1498-51-7 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂P || [[ethyldichlorophosphine]] — eitildéchlórafosfíne || 1498-40-4 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂PSe || [[ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride]] — déchlóiríd eitilfosfainseiléanoch || 14705-46-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₃Si || [[ethyltrichlorosilane]] — eitiltríclórasioláin || 115-21-9 |- | C₂H₅FO || [[methoxymethyl fluoride]] — fluairíd mheatocsaimeitile || 460-22-0 |- | C₂H₅FO₂S || [[ethane sulfonyl fluoride]] — fluairíd eatánsulfóinile || 754-03-0 |- | C₂H₅HgI || [[ethylmercuric iodide]] — iaidíd eitilmearcúraigh || 2440-42-8 |- | C₂H₅I || [[iodoethane]] — iaidoeatán || 75-03-6 |- | C₂H₅IO || [[iodomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear iaidomeitilmeitile || 13057-19-7 |- | C₂H₅IS || [[iodomethyl methyl sulfide]] — suilfíd iaidomeitilmeitile || 43034-68-0 |- | C₂H₅Li || [[ethyl lithium]] — eitillitiam || 811-49-4 |- | C₂H₅N || [[acetaldimine]] — aicéataldaimín || 20729-41-3 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethenamine]] — eitéinaimín || 593-67-9 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethylenimine]] — eitiléinimín || 151-56-4 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetaldoxime]] — aicéataldocsaím || 107-29-9 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetamide]] — aicéataimíd || 60-35-5 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[nitrosoethane]] — nítreasaeatán || 925-91-7 |- | C₂H₅NOS || [[aminothioacetic acid]] — aigéad aimíntia-aicéiteach || 758-10-1 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycine]] — glícin || 56-40-6 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycolamide]] — gliceolaimíd || 598-42-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₂S || [[vinylsulfonamide]] — vínilsulfónaimíd || 2386-58-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₄ || [[ammonium acid oxalate]] — ocsaláit aigéadach amóiniam || 5972-72-5 |- | C₂H₅NS || [[ethanethioamide]] — eatántiaimíd || 62-55-5 |- | C₂H₅N₃O₂ || [[imidodicarbonic diamide]] — déaimíd imididécharbónach || 108-19-0 |- | C₂H₅O || [[ethoxy radical]] — fréamh eatocsa || 2154-50-9 |- | C₂H₅P || [[phosphirane]] — fosfiráin || 6569-82-0 |- | C₂H₅P || [[vinyl phosphine]] — fosfíne vínile || 58436-39-8 |- | C₂H₅PS₂ || [[phosphenodithioic ethane]] — eatán fosféiniditiaoch || 41391-49-5 |- | C₂H₅S || [[methylthiomethyl radical]] — fréamh meatiltiaimeitile || 31533-72-9 |- | C₂H₆ || [[ethane]] — eatán || 74-84-0 |- | C₂H₆AlCl || [[dimethylaluminum chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilalúmanaim || 1184-58-3 |- | C₂H₆AsBr || [[dimethylarsine bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilairsíne || 676-71-1 |- | C₂H₆AsCl || [[chlorodimethylarsine]] — clóradémeitilairsín || 557-89-1 |- | C₂H₆BBr || [[dimethylboron bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilbóróin || 5158-50-9 |- | C₂H₆BCl || [[chlorodimethylborane]] — clóradémeitilbóráin || 1803-36-7 |- | C₂H₆BClFN || [[dimethylaminofluorochloroborane]] — démeitilaimínofluaraclórabóráin || 38481-07-1 |- | C₂H₆BClO₂ || [[chlorodimethoxyborane]] — clóradémeatocsabóráin || 868-81-5 |- | C₂H₆BFO₂ || [[fluorodimethoxyborane]] — fluaradémeatocsabóráin || 367-46-4 |- | C₂H₆Be || [[dimethylberyllium]] — démeitilbeirilliam || 506-63-8 |- | C₂H₆ClOP || [[dimethylphosphinic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneach || 1111-92-8 |- | C₂H₆ClO₂P || [[dimethylchlorophosphite]] — démeitilclórafosfíit || 3743-07-5 |- | C₂H₆ClPS || [[dimethylphosphinothioic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneatiaoch || 993-12-4 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Ge || [[dimethylgermanium dichloride]] — déchlóiríd démeitilgearmáiniam || 1529-48-2 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Si || [[ethyldichlorosilane]] — eitildéchlórasioláin || 1789-58-8 |- | C₂H₆FO₂P || [[methyl methylphosphonofluoridate]] — meitilmeitilfosfanafluaridáit || 353-88-8 |- | C₂H₆FP || [[dimethyl fluorophosphine]] — démeitilfluarafosfíne || 507-15-3 |- | C₂H₆F₃NS || [[dimethylaminosulfur trifluoride]] — trífluairíd démeitilaimínsulfair || 3880-03-3 |- | C₂H₆GeO || [[dimethylgermanone]] — démeitilgearmánón || 5061-27-8 |- | C₂H₆GeS || [[dimethylgermathione]] — démeitilgearmáitíón || 16090-49-6 |- | C₂H₆N || [[dimethyl amidogen]] — démeitilaimídeagán || 15337-44-7 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₂ || [[ethylnitramine]] — eitilnítreaimín || 19091-98-6 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₄ || [[hydrazinium hydrogen oxalate]] — hiodraisíniam hidrigineocsaláit || 20321-02-2 |- | C₂H₆O || [[dimethyl ether]] — éitear démeitile || 115-10-6 |- | C₂H₆O || [[ethanol]] — eatánól || 64-17-5 |- | C₂H₆OS || [[dimethyl sulfoxide]] — démeitilsulfocsaíd || 67-68-5 |- | C₂H₆OS₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfinate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfíneáit || 13882-12-7 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethyl hydroperoxide]] — eitilhidripeaocsaíd || 3031-74-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethylene glycol]] — eitiléingliceol || 107-21-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂S || [[dimethyl sulfone]] — démeitilsulfón || 67-71-0 |- | C₂H₆O₂S₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfonate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfónáit || 2949-92-0 |- | C₂H₆O₄ || [[dioxybismethanol]] — déocsabismeatánól || 17088-73-2 |- | C₂H₆O₅S₂ || [[methanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd meatáinsulfónach || 7143-01-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[dimethyl sulfide]] — démeitilsuilfíd || 75-18-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[ethanethiol]] — eatántiol || 75-08-1 |- | C₂H₆S₅ || [[dimethyl pentasulfide]] — démeitilpeinteasuilfíd || 7330-31-6 |- | C₂H₆Se || [[dimethyl selenide]] — démeitilseiléiníd || 593-79-3 |- | C₂H₆Se₂ || [[dimethyl diselenide]] — démeitildéiseiléiníd || 7101-31-7 |- | C₂H₆Si₂ || [[disilyl acetylene]] — déshilil aicéitiléin || 1070-76-4 |- | C₂H₆Sn || [[dimethylstannylene radical]] — fréamh démeitilstainiléine || 23120-99-2 |- | C₂H₆Te || [[dimethyltelluride]] — démeitiltellúiríd || 593-80-6 |- | C₂H₆Zn || [[dimethylzinc]] — démeitilsinc || 544-97-8 |- | C₂H₇As || [[dimethylarsine]] — démeitilairsín || 593-57-7 |- | C₂H₇AsO₃ || [[ethylarsonic acid]] — aigéad eitilairsónach || 507-32-4 |- | C₂H₇BF₃N || [[dimethylaminetrifluoroborane]] — démeitilaimíntrífluarabóráin || 811-59-6 |- | C₂H₇BO₂ || [[ethyldihydroxyborane]] — eitildéhiodrocsabóráin || 4433-63-0 |- | C₂H₇ClO || [[dimethyl ether hydrogen chloride complex]] — coimpléasc éitear démeitile is clóiríd hidrigine || 24521-77-5 |- | C₂H₇N || [[ethylamine]] — eitilaimín || 75-04-7 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[acetaldehyde ammonia trimer]] — trímhéar aicéataldéhíde is amóinia || 75-39-8 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[ethanolamine]] — eatánóilimín || 141-43-5 |- | C₂H₇NO₂S || [[ethanesulfonamide]] — eatánsulfónaimíd || 1520-70-3 |- | C₂H₇NO₃S || [[taurine]] — tairín || 91105-79-2 |- | C₂H₇NO₄S₂ || [[dimethane sulfonamide]] — démeatánsulfónaimíd || 5347-82-0 |- | C₂H₇NS || [[mercaptamine]] — mearcaptaimín || 60-23-1 |- | C₂H₇O₃P || [[ethylphosphonic acid]] — aigéad eitilfosfónach || 15845-66-6 |- | C₂H₈BF₄N || [[dimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate]] — teitreafluarabhóráit démeitilamóiniam || 16970-97-1 |- | C₂H₈BrN || [[ethylammoniumbromide]] — bróimíd eitilamóiniam || 593-55-5 |- | C₂H₈N₂ || [[ethylenediamine]] — eitiléindéaimín || 107-15-3 |- | C₂H₈N₂O₄ || [[ammonium oxalate]] — ocsaláit amóiniam || 1113-38-8 |- | C₂H₈O₂Si || [[dimethoxysilane]] — démeatocsasioláin || 5314-52-3 |- | C₂H₉N₂O₃ || [[ethylammonium nitrate]] — nítráit eitilamóiniam || 22113-86-6 |- | C₂H₁₀N₂O₈S₂Fe || [[ferrous ethylenediammonium sulfate]] — suilfáit eitiléindéamóiniam fhearúil || 63589-59-3 |- | C₂H₁₂CdTe || [[dimethylcadmium·dimethyltellurium]] — démeitilcadminiam·démeitiltellúiriam || 143481-66-7 |- | C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S || [[guanidine sulfate]] — suilfáit ghuainidín || 594-14-9 |- | C₂HgN₂S₂ || [[mercuric thiocyanate]] — tiiciaianáit mhearcúraigh || 592-85-8 |- | C₂Ho || [[holmium dicarbide]] — décharbíd hoilmiam || 12071-14-6 |- | C₂K₂N₂ || [[potassium cyanide dimer]] — démhéar ciainíd photaisiam || 55186-08-8 |- | C₂La || [[lanthanum dicarbide]] — décharbíd lantainim || 12071-15-7 |- | C₂Li₂ || [[lithium carbide]] — carbíd litiam || 1070-75-3 |- | C₂Lu || [[lutetium dicarbide]] — décharbíd lúitéitiam || 12175-89-2 |- | C₂Mg || [[magnesium carbide]] — carbíd mhaignéisiam || 12122-46-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[bisisocyanide]] — biseisiciainíd || 78800-21-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[cyanogen]] — ciaingin || 460-19-5 |- | C₂N₂Na₂ || [[sodium cyanide]] — ciainíd sóidiam || 55186-09-9 |- | C₂N₂O || [[cyanogen isocyanate]] — isiciaianáit chiaingine || 22430-66-6 |- | C₂N₂S || [[cyanogen isothiocyanate]] — isitiiciaianáit chiaingine || 56023-03-1 |- | C₂N₂S || [[sulfur dicyanide]] — déchiainíd sulfair || 627-52-1 |- | C₂N₂S₂ || [[thiocyanogen]] — tiiciaingin || 505-14-6 |- | C₂N₂Se || [[selenium cyanide]] — ciainíd seiléiniam || 2180-01-0 |- | C₂N₄O₆ || [[trinitroacetonitrile]] — trínítreaaicéitínitríl || 630-72-8 |- | C₂N₆O₁₂ || [[hexanitroethane]] — heicseanítraeatán || 918-37-6 |- | C₂Na₂ || [[Carbide#Acetylides / Ethynides|Sodium carbide]] — carbíd sóidiam || 2881-62-1 |- | C₂Na₂O₄ || [[sodium oxalate]] — ocsaláit sóidiam || 62-76-0 |- | C₂Nd || [[neodymium dicarbide]] — décharbíd niaidimiam || 12071-21-5 |- | C₂O || [[dicarbon monoxide]] — aonocsaíd décharbóin || 12071-23-7 |- | C₂P || [[dicarbon phosphide]] — fosfíid décharbóin || 12602-39-0 |- | C₂Rh || [[rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd róidiam || 37306-47-1 |- | C₂Sc || [[scandium dicarbide]] — décharbíd scaindiam || 12175-91-6 |- | C₂Si || [[silicon dicarbide]] — décharbíd sileacain || 12071-27-1 |- | C₂Si₂ || [[disiladicarbide]] — déshileadécharbíd || 12144-09-1 |- | C₂Th || [[thorium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tóiriam || 12071-31-7 |- | C₂Ti || [[titanium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tíotáiniam || 12071-32-8 |- | C₂U || [[uranium dicarbide]] — décharbíd úráiniam || 12071-33-9 |- | C₂V || [[vanadium dicarbide]] — décharbíd vanaidiam || 12542-39-1 |- | C₂Y || [[yttrium dicarbide]] — décharbíd ittiriam || 12071-35-1 |- | C₂Zr || [[zirconium dicarbide]] — décharbíd siarcóiniam || 12340-54-4 |- |} [[Catagóir:Liostaí de chomhdhúile ceimiceacha |C02]] 8mh4qzcbov8w7q4b2fliu7qnf7fyrrd 1331806 1331805 2026-11-04T17:49:35Z Ériugena 188 1331806 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo páirtliosta páirteach de [[Móilín|mhóilíní]] ina bhfuil 2 adamh [[Carbón|carbóin]] iontu.. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Chemical formula || Synonyms || CAS number |- | C₂Al || [[monoaluminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd aonalúmanaim || 37297-57-7 |- | C₂Al₂ || [[dialuminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd dé-alúmanaim || 12122-01-9 |- | C₂B || [[boron dicarbide]] — décharbíd bhóróin || 12539-98-9 |- | C₂Be || [[beryllium dicarbide]] — décharbíd bheirilliam || 12070-28-9 |- | C₂BrCl || [[bromochloroacetylene]] — brómachlóraicéitiléin || 25604-70-0 |- | C₂BrClF₂O || [[bromodifluoroacetylchloride]] — brómaidifluaraicéitilclóiríd || 3832-48-2 |- | C₂BrCl₅ || [[bromopentachloroethane]] — brómapeinteaclóireatán || 79504-02-2 |- | C₂BrF₅ || [[bromopentafluoroethane]] — brómapheinteafluaraeitán || 354-55-2 |- | C₂Br₂FN || [[dibromofluoroacetonitrile]] — débhrómafhluaraicéitínitríl || 6698-74-4 |- | C₂Br₂N₂O₂ || [[dibromofuroxan]] — débhrómafhurocsán || 70134-71-3 |- | C₂Br₂O₂ || [[oxalyl bromide]] — bróiríd ocsalaile || 15219-34-8 |- | C₂Br₆ || [[hexabromoethane]] — heicseabhrómaeitán || 594-73-0 |- | C₂Ca || [[calcium carbide]] — carbíd chailciam || 75-20-7 |- | C₂Ce || [[cerium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam || 12012-32-7 |- | C₂CeRh || [[cerium rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam-róidiam || 53262-56-9 |- | C₂Cl₂F₂ || [[dichlorodifluoroethylene]] — déchlóraidefluaraeitiléin || 27156-03-2 |- | C₂Cl₂O₂ || [[oxalyl chloride]] — clóiríd ocsalaile || 79-37-8 |- | C₂Cl₃N || [[trichloroacetonitrile]] — tríclóraicéitínitríl || 108-77-0 |- | C₂Cl₄ || [[tetrachloroethylene]] — teitreachlóraeitiléin || 127-18-4 |- | C₂Cl₄O || [[trichloroacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd tríclóraicéitile || 76-02-8 |- | C₂Cl₄O₂ || [[trichloromethyl chloroformate]] — clóraformáit tríclóraimeitile || 503-38-8 |- | C₂Cl₅F || [[pentachlorofluoroethane]] — peinteaclórafluaraeitán || 354-56-3 |- | C₂CoNO₃ || [[cobalt dicarbonyl nitrosyl]] — nítreasóil décharbóinile cóbailt || 61332-94-3 |- | C₂Dy || [[dysprosium dicarbide]] — décharbíd diospróisiam || 12175-80-3 |- | C₂Er || [[erbium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eirbiam || 12192-37-9 |- | C₂Eu || [[europium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eoraipiam || 12127-44-5 |- | C₂FN₅O₁₀ || [[fluoropentanitroethane]] — fluarapeintanítraeitán || 23072-51-7 |- | C₂F₂O₂ || [[oxalyl fluoride]] — fluairíd ocsalaile || 359-40-0 |- | C₂F₃ || [[trifluorovinyl radical]] — fréamh trífluaraivíníle || 4605-17-8 |- | C₂F₃I || [[iodotrifluoroethylene]] — iaidotrífluaraeitiléin || 359-37-5 |- | C₂F₃N || [[trifluoromethylisocyanide]] — trífluaraimeitilisiciainíd || 105879-13-8 |- | C₂F₅ || [[pentafluoro ethyl radical]] — fréamh peinteafluaraeitile || 3369-48-0 |- | C₂F₅I || [[pentafluoroethyliodide]] — iaidíd peinteafluaraeitile || 354-64-3 |- | C₂F₆O₅S₂ || [[trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd trífhluaramheatáinsulfónach || 358-23-6 |- | C₂F₇N || [[perfluoroethanamine]] — pearfhluaraeataimín || 354-80-3 |- | C₂H || [[ethynyl radical]] — fréamh eitineile || 2122-48-7 |- | C₂HBrClF₃ || [[halothane]] — halatáin || 151-67-7 |- | C₂HBrO || [[bromoketene]] — brómaiceitéin || 78957-22-9 |- | C₂HBr₂FO₂ || [[dibromofluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad débhrómafluaraicéiteach || 353-99-1 |- | C₂HBr₃ || [[tribromoethene]] — tríbhrómaeitéin || 598-16-3 |- | C₂HBr₃O₂ || [[tribromoacetic acid]] — aigéad tríbhrómaicéiteach || 75-96-7 |- | C₂HClO || [[chloroketene]] — clóiraiceitéin || 29804-89-5 |- | C₂HCl₃ || [[trichloroethylene]] — tríchlóraeitiléin || 79-01-6 |- | C₂HCl₃O || [[chloral]] — clóral || 75-87-6 |- | C₂HF₃OS || [[trifluorothiolacetic acid]] — aigéad trífhluaraiteolaicéiteach || 2925-25-9 |- | C₂HF₅O || [[ ether]] — éitear fluaradéimeitile || 3822-68-2 |- | C₂HNO || [[formyl cyanide]] — ciainíd fhoirmile || 4471-47-0 |- | C₂HO || [[ethynyloxy radical]] — fréamh eitineileocsa || 51095-15-9 |- | C₂H₂ || [[acetylene]] — [[Aicéitiléin|aicéitiléin]] || 74-86-2 |- | C₂H₂AsCl₃ || [[lewisite]] — lobhaoisít || 541-25-3 |- | C₂H₂BrClO || [[bromoacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd bhrómaicéitile || 22118-09-8 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O || [[bromoacetyl bromide]] — bróiríd bhrómaicéitile || 598-21-0 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O₂ || [[dibromoethanoic acid]] — aigéad débhrómaeatánach || 631-64-1 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂ || [[dichloromethane]] — déchlóraimeatán || |- | C₂H₂ClF₂NO || [[chlorodifluoroacetamide]] — clóraidifhluaraicéataimíd || 354-28-9 |- | C₂H₂ClNS || [[chloromethyl thiocyanate]] — tiaicianáit chlóirmheitile || 3268-79-9 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂O || [[dichloroacetaldehyde]] — déchlóraicéataldéhíd || 79-02-7 |- | C₂H₂FN || [[fluoroacetonitrile]] — fluaraicéitínitríl || 503-20-8 |- | C₂H₂F₂O₂ || [[difluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad défhluaraicéiteach || 381-73-7 |- | C₂H₂IN || [[iodoacetonitrile]] — iadaicéitinítríl || 624-75-9 |- | C₂H₂N || [[cyanomethyl radical]] — fréamh ciainaimeitile || 2932-82-3 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethynol]] — eitilneól || 32038-79-2 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethenone]] — eitéanón || 463-51-4 |- | C₂H₂O || [[oxirene]] — ocsairéin || 157-18-6 |- | C₂H₂OS || [[ethynesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitínsulféineach || 121564-25-8 |- | C₂H₂O₂ || [[glyoxal]] — gliocsal || 107-22-2 |- | C₂H₂O₃ || [[formic acid anhydride]] — ainhidríd an aigéid fhoirmigh || 1558-67-4 |- | C₂H₂O₄ || [[oxalic acid]] — aigéad ocsalach || 144-62-7 |- | C₂H₂O₈Pb₃ || [[basic lead carbonate]] — carbónáit bhunata luaidhe || 1319-46-6 |- | C₂H₂S || [[thioketene]] — tiaicheitéin || 18282-77-4 |- | C₂H₂Se || [[selenoketene]] — seiléinaicéitéin || 61134-37-0 |- | C₂H₃ || [[vinyl radical]] — fréamh vínile || 2669-89-8 |- | C₂H₃BF₂ || [[vinyldifluoroborane]] — vínildéfluarabóráin || 358-95-2 |- | C₂H₃BrO || [[acetyl bromide]] — '''bróiríd aicéitile''' || 506-96-7 |- | C₂H₃Br₃O₂ || [[bromal hydrate]] — hiodráit bhrómáil || 507-42-6 |- | C₂H₃Cl || [[methylchlorocarbene]] — meatilclóracarbéin || 31304-51-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO || [[acetyl chloride]] — clóiríd aicéitile || 75-36-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO₂S || [[methoxycarbonylsulfenyl chloride]] — clóiríd meatocsaicarbóinilsulféinile || 26555-40-8 |- | C₂H₃Cl₃O₂ || [[chloral hydrate]] — hiodráit chlóráil || 302-17-0 |- | C₂H₃FO || [[acetyl fluoride]] — fluairíd aicéitile || 557-99-3 |- | C₂H₃F₂NO || [[difluoroacetamide]] — défluaraicéataimíd || 359-38-6 |- | C₂H₃F₃O₂Si || [[silyl trifluoroacetate]] — trífluaraicéatáit sile || 6876-44-4 |- | C₂H₃F₃S₂ || [[methyl trifluoromethyl disulfide]] — déshuilfíd mheatiltrífluaraimeitile || 14410-21-0 |- | C₂H₃IO || [[acetyl iodide]] — iaidíd aicéitile || 507-02-8 |- | C₂H₃KO₂ || [[potassium acetate]] — aicéatáit photaisiam || 127-08-2 |- | C₂H₃N || [[acetonitrile]] — aicéitínitríl || 75-05-8 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[methylcyanate]] — meatilciaianáit || 1768-34-9 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[nitrosoethylene]] — nítreasaeitiléin || 54680-52-3 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethene]] — nítreaeitéin || 500016-67-1 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethylene]] — nítreaeitiléin || 3638-64-0 |- | C₂H₃NO₃ || [[oxamic acid]] — aigéad ocsamach || 471-47-6 |- | C₂H₃NO₄ || [[acetyl nitrate]] — nítráit aicéitile || 591-09-3 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl isoselenocyanate]] — iseileilciaianáit mheatile || 4426-70-4 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl selenocyanate]] — seileilciaianáit mheatile || 2179-80-8 |- | C₂H₃NaO₂ || [[sodium ethanoate]] — eatánáit sóidiam || 127-09-3 |- | C₂H₃O || [[acetyl radical]] — fréamh aicéitile || 3170-69-2 |- | C₂H₃O || [[oxiranyl radical]] — fréamh ocsairanile || 31586-84-2 |- | C₂H₃O || {{ill|Vinyloxy|lt=vinyloxy radical|qid=Q27120718|s=1}} — fréamh vínileocsa || 6912-06-7 |- | C₂H₃O₂Tl || [[thallium acetate]] — aicéatáit thailiam || 563-68-8 |- | C₂H₄ || [[ethylene]] — eitiléin || 74-85-1 |- | C₂H₄ClO₂P || [[ethylene chlorophosphite]] — clórafosfíit eitiléine || 822-39-9 |- | C₂H₄Cl₂ || [[dichloroethane]] — déchlóraeatán || 1300-21-6 |- | C₂H₄F₂O || [[difluoroethanol]] — défluaraeatánól || 359-13-7 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₂ || [[oxalamide]] — ocsalaimíd || 471-46-5 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₄ || [[dihydroxyglyoxime]] — déhiodrocsagliceocsaim || 1687-60-1 |- | C₂H₄N₂S₂ || [[ethanedithioamide]] — eatánditiaimíd || 79-40-3 |- | C₂H₄N₄ || [[2-Cyanoguanidine|dicyanodiamide]] — déchianaidéadiamíd || 461-58-5 |- | C₂H₄N₄O₂ || [[diazenedicarboxamide]] — déaiséindécharboocsaimíd || 123-77-3 |- | C₂H₄O || [[acetaldehyde]] — aicéataldéhíd || 75-07-0 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethenol]] — eitéanól || 557-75-5 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethylene oxide]] — ocsaíd eitiléine || 75-21-8 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethanethioic acid]] — aigéad eatántiaiceach || 507-09-5 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethenesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitéinsulféanach || 2492-74-2 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[acetic acid]] — aigéad aicéiteach || 64-19-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[1,2-dioxetane]] — 1,2-déocsaéatáin || 6788-84-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[formaldehyde dimer]] — démhéar fhoirmaildéhíde || 61233-19-0 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[methyl formate]] — formáit mheatile || 107-31-3 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[glycolaldehyde]] — gliceolaicéataldéhíd || 141-46-8 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[ethaneperoxoic acid]] — aigéad eatánpearocsach || 79-21-0 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[monomethyl carbonate]] — aonmheatil charbónáit || 7456-87-3 |- | C₂H₄O₄ || [[formic acid dimer]] — démhéar an aigéid fhoirmigh || 14523-98-9 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thiirane]] — tiairáin || 420-12-2 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thioacetaldehyde]] — tia-aicéataldéhíd || 6851-93-0 |- | C₂H₄Se || [[selenoacetaldehyde]] — seiléinaicéataldéhíd || 67281-48-5 |- | C₂H₄Se₃ || [[triselenothane]] — tríseiléineatán || 121400-83-7 |- | C₂H₅ || [[ethyl radical]] — fréamh eitile || 2025-56-1 |- | C₂H₅BCl₂ || [[ethyldichloroborane]] — eitildéchlórabóráin || 1739-53-3 |- | C₂H₅BF₂ || [[ethylidifluoroborane]] — eitildéfluarabóráin || 430-41-1 |- | C₂H₅BrHg || [[ethylmercuric bromide]] — bróiríd eitilmearcúraigh || 107-26-6 |- | C₂H₆Hg || [[dimethylmercury]] — démeitilmearcúr || 593-74-8 |- | C₂H₅BrO || [[bromomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear brómaimeitilmeitile || 13057-17-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl || [[ethyl chloride]] — clóiríd eitile || 75-00-3 |- | C₂H₅ClN₂O || [[chloroacetyl hydrazine]] — clóraicéitilhiodraisín || 30956-28-6 |- | C₂H₅ClO || [[ethyl hypochlorite]] — hipiclóirít eitile || 624-85-1 |- | C₂H₅ClO₂S || [[ethanesulfonyl chloride]] — clóiríd eatánsulfóinile || 594-44-5 |- | C₂H₅ClS || [[chloromethylmethyl sulfide]] — suilfíd chlóraimeitilmeitile || 2373-51-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂O₂P || [[ethyl dichlorophosphate]] — déchlórafosfáit eitile || 1498-51-7 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂P || [[ethyldichlorophosphine]] — eitildéchlórafosfíne || 1498-40-4 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂PSe || [[ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride]] — déchlóiríd eitilfosfainseiléanoch || 14705-46-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₃Si || [[ethyltrichlorosilane]] — eitiltríclórasioláin || 115-21-9 |- | C₂H₅FO || [[methoxymethyl fluoride]] — fluairíd mheatocsaimeitile || 460-22-0 |- | C₂H₅FO₂S || [[ethane sulfonyl fluoride]] — fluairíd eatánsulfóinile || 754-03-0 |- | C₂H₅HgI || [[ethylmercuric iodide]] — iaidíd eitilmearcúraigh || 2440-42-8 |- | C₂H₅I || [[iodoethane]] — iaidoeatán || 75-03-6 |- | C₂H₅IO || [[iodomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear iaidomeitilmeitile || 13057-19-7 |- | C₂H₅IS || [[iodomethyl methyl sulfide]] — suilfíd iaidomeitilmeitile || 43034-68-0 |- | C₂H₅Li || [[ethyl lithium]] — eitillitiam || 811-49-4 |- | C₂H₅N || [[acetaldimine]] — aicéataldaimín || 20729-41-3 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethenamine]] — eitéinaimín || 593-67-9 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethylenimine]] — eitiléinimín || 151-56-4 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetaldoxime]] — aicéataldocsaím || 107-29-9 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetamide]] — aicéataimíd || 60-35-5 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[nitrosoethane]] — nítreasaeatán || 925-91-7 |- | C₂H₅NOS || [[aminothioacetic acid]] — aigéad aimíntia-aicéiteach || 758-10-1 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycine]] — glícin || 56-40-6 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycolamide]] — gliceolaimíd || 598-42-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₂S || [[vinylsulfonamide]] — vínilsulfónaimíd || 2386-58-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₄ || [[ammonium acid oxalate]] — ocsaláit aigéadach amóiniam || 5972-72-5 |- | C₂H₅NS || [[ethanethioamide]] — eatántiaimíd || 62-55-5 |- | C₂H₅N₃O₂ || [[imidodicarbonic diamide]] — déaimíd imididécharbónach || 108-19-0 |- | C₂H₅O || [[ethoxy radical]] — fréamh eatocsa || 2154-50-9 |- | C₂H₅P || [[phosphirane]] — fosfiráin || 6569-82-0 |- | C₂H₅P || [[vinyl phosphine]] — fosfíne vínile || 58436-39-8 |- | C₂H₅PS₂ || [[phosphenodithioic ethane]] — eatán fosféiniditiaoch || 41391-49-5 |- | C₂H₅S || [[methylthiomethyl radical]] — fréamh meatiltiaimeitile || 31533-72-9 |- | C₂H₆ || [[ethane]] — eatán || 74-84-0 |- | C₂H₆AlCl || [[dimethylaluminum chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilalúmanaim || 1184-58-3 |- | C₂H₆AsBr || [[dimethylarsine bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilairsíne || 676-71-1 |- | C₂H₆AsCl || [[chlorodimethylarsine]] — clóradémeitilairsín || 557-89-1 |- | C₂H₆BBr || [[dimethylboron bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilbóróin || 5158-50-9 |- | C₂H₆BCl || [[chlorodimethylborane]] — clóradémeitilbóráin || 1803-36-7 |- | C₂H₆BClFN || [[dimethylaminofluorochloroborane]] — démeitilaimínofluaraclórabóráin || 38481-07-1 |- | C₂H₆BClO₂ || [[chlorodimethoxyborane]] — clóradémeatocsabóráin || 868-81-5 |- | C₂H₆BFO₂ || [[fluorodimethoxyborane]] — fluaradémeatocsabóráin || 367-46-4 |- | C₂H₆Be || [[dimethylberyllium]] — démeitilbeirilliam || 506-63-8 |- | C₂H₆ClOP || [[dimethylphosphinic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneach || 1111-92-8 |- | C₂H₆ClO₂P || [[dimethylchlorophosphite]] — démeitilclórafosfíit || 3743-07-5 |- | C₂H₆ClPS || [[dimethylphosphinothioic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneatiaoch || 993-12-4 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Ge || [[dimethylgermanium dichloride]] — déchlóiríd démeitilgearmáiniam || 1529-48-2 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Si || [[ethyldichlorosilane]] — eitildéchlórasioláin || 1789-58-8 |- | C₂H₆FO₂P || [[methyl methylphosphonofluoridate]] — meitilmeitilfosfanafluaridáit || 353-88-8 |- | C₂H₆FP || [[dimethyl fluorophosphine]] — démeitilfluarafosfíne || 507-15-3 |- | C₂H₆F₃NS || [[dimethylaminosulfur trifluoride]] — trífluairíd démeitilaimínsulfair || 3880-03-3 |- | C₂H₆GeO || [[dimethylgermanone]] — démeitilgearmánón || 5061-27-8 |- | C₂H₆GeS || [[dimethylgermathione]] — démeitilgearmáitíón || 16090-49-6 |- | C₂H₆N || [[dimethyl amidogen]] — démeitilaimídeagán || 15337-44-7 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₂ || [[ethylnitramine]] — eitilnítreaimín || 19091-98-6 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₄ || [[hydrazinium hydrogen oxalate]] — hiodraisíniam hidrigineocsaláit || 20321-02-2 |- | C₂H₆O || [[dimethyl ether]] — éitear démeitile || 115-10-6 |- | C₂H₆O || [[ethanol]] — eatánól || 64-17-5 |- | C₂H₆OS || [[dimethyl sulfoxide]] — démeitilsulfocsaíd || 67-68-5 |- | C₂H₆OS₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfinate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfíneáit || 13882-12-7 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethyl hydroperoxide]] — eitilhidripeaocsaíd || 3031-74-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethylene glycol]] — eitiléingliceol || 107-21-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂S || [[dimethyl sulfone]] — démeitilsulfón || 67-71-0 |- | C₂H₆O₂S₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfonate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfónáit || 2949-92-0 |- | C₂H₆O₄ || [[dioxybismethanol]] — déocsabismeatánól || 17088-73-2 |- | C₂H₆O₅S₂ || [[methanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd meatáinsulfónach || 7143-01-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[dimethyl sulfide]] — démeitilsuilfíd || 75-18-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[ethanethiol]] — eatántiol || 75-08-1 |- | C₂H₆S₅ || [[dimethyl pentasulfide]] — démeitilpeinteasuilfíd || 7330-31-6 |- | C₂H₆Se || [[dimethyl selenide]] — démeitilseiléiníd || 593-79-3 |- | C₂H₆Se₂ || [[dimethyl diselenide]] — démeitildéiseiléiníd || 7101-31-7 |- | C₂H₆Si₂ || [[disilyl acetylene]] — déshilil aicéitiléin || 1070-76-4 |- | C₂H₆Sn || [[dimethylstannylene radical]] — fréamh démeitilstainiléine || 23120-99-2 |- | C₂H₆Te || [[dimethyltelluride]] — démeitiltellúiríd || 593-80-6 |- | C₂H₆Zn || [[dimethylzinc]] — démeitilsinc || 544-97-8 |- | C₂H₇As || [[dimethylarsine]] — démeitilairsín || 593-57-7 |- | C₂H₇AsO₃ || [[ethylarsonic acid]] — aigéad eitilairsónach || 507-32-4 |- | C₂H₇BF₃N || [[dimethylaminetrifluoroborane]] — démeitilaimíntrífluarabóráin || 811-59-6 |- | C₂H₇BO₂ || [[ethyldihydroxyborane]] — eitildéhiodrocsabóráin || 4433-63-0 |- | C₂H₇ClO || [[dimethyl ether hydrogen chloride complex]] — coimpléasc éitear démeitile is clóiríd hidrigine || 24521-77-5 |- | C₂H₇N || [[ethylamine]] — eitilaimín || 75-04-7 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[acetaldehyde ammonia trimer]] — trímhéar aicéataldéhíde is amóinia || 75-39-8 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[ethanolamine]] — eatánóilimín || 141-43-5 |- | C₂H₇NO₂S || [[ethanesulfonamide]] — eatánsulfónaimíd || 1520-70-3 |- | C₂H₇NO₃S || [[taurine]] — tairín || 91105-79-2 |- | C₂H₇NO₄S₂ || [[dimethane sulfonamide]] — démeatánsulfónaimíd || 5347-82-0 |- | C₂H₇NS || [[mercaptamine]] — mearcaptaimín || 60-23-1 |- | C₂H₇O₃P || [[ethylphosphonic acid]] — aigéad eitilfosfónach || 15845-66-6 |- | C₂H₈BF₄N || [[dimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate]] — teitreafluarabhóráit démeitilamóiniam || 16970-97-1 |- | C₂H₈BrN || [[ethylammoniumbromide]] — bróimíd eitilamóiniam || 593-55-5 |- | C₂H₈N₂ || [[ethylenediamine]] — eitiléindéaimín || 107-15-3 |- | C₂H₈N₂O₄ || [[ammonium oxalate]] — ocsaláit amóiniam || 1113-38-8 |- | C₂H₈O₂Si || [[dimethoxysilane]] — démeatocsasioláin || 5314-52-3 |- | C₂H₉N₂O₃ || [[ethylammonium nitrate]] — nítráit eitilamóiniam || 22113-86-6 |- | C₂H₁₀N₂O₈S₂Fe || [[ferrous ethylenediammonium sulfate]] — suilfáit eitiléindéamóiniam fhearúil || 63589-59-3 |- | C₂H₁₂CdTe || [[dimethylcadmium·dimethyltellurium]] — démeitilcadminiam·démeitiltellúiriam || 143481-66-7 |- | C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S || [[guanidine sulfate]] — suilfáit ghuainidín || 594-14-9 |- | C₂HgN₂S₂ || [[mercuric thiocyanate]] — tiiciaianáit mhearcúraigh || 592-85-8 |- | C₂Ho || [[holmium dicarbide]] — décharbíd hoilmiam || 12071-14-6 |- | C₂K₂N₂ || [[potassium cyanide dimer]] — démhéar ciainíd photaisiam || 55186-08-8 |- | C₂La || [[lanthanum dicarbide]] — décharbíd lantainim || 12071-15-7 |- | C₂Li₂ || [[lithium carbide]] — carbíd litiam || 1070-75-3 |- | C₂Lu || [[lutetium dicarbide]] — décharbíd lúitéitiam || 12175-89-2 |- | C₂Mg || [[magnesium carbide]] — carbíd mhaignéisiam || 12122-46-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[bisisocyanide]] — biseisiciainíd || 78800-21-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[cyanogen]] — ciaingin || 460-19-5 |- | C₂N₂Na₂ || [[sodium cyanide]] — ciainíd sóidiam || 55186-09-9 |- | C₂N₂O || [[cyanogen isocyanate]] — isiciaianáit chiaingine || 22430-66-6 |- | C₂N₂S || [[cyanogen isothiocyanate]] — isitiiciaianáit chiaingine || 56023-03-1 |- | C₂N₂S || [[sulfur dicyanide]] — déchiainíd sulfair || 627-52-1 |- | C₂N₂S₂ || [[thiocyanogen]] — tiiciaingin || 505-14-6 |- | C₂N₂Se || [[selenium cyanide]] — ciainíd seiléiniam || 2180-01-0 |- | C₂N₄O₆ || [[trinitroacetonitrile]] — trínítreaaicéitínitríl || 630-72-8 |- | C₂N₆O₁₂ || [[hexanitroethane]] — heicseanítraeatán || 918-37-6 |- | C₂Na₂ || [[Carbide#Acetylides / Ethynides|Sodium carbide]] — carbíd sóidiam || 2881-62-1 |- | C₂Na₂O₄ || [[sodium oxalate]] — ocsaláit sóidiam || 62-76-0 |- | C₂Nd || [[neodymium dicarbide]] — décharbíd niaidimiam || 12071-21-5 |- | C₂O || [[dicarbon monoxide]] — aonocsaíd décharbóin || 12071-23-7 |- | C₂P || [[dicarbon phosphide]] — fosfíid décharbóin || 12602-39-0 |- | C₂Rh || [[rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd róidiam || 37306-47-1 |- | C₂Sc || [[scandium dicarbide]] — décharbíd scaindiam || 12175-91-6 |- | C₂Si || [[silicon dicarbide]] — décharbíd sileacain || 12071-27-1 |- | C₂Si₂ || [[disiladicarbide]] — déshileadécharbíd || 12144-09-1 |- | C₂Th || [[thorium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tóiriam || 12071-31-7 |- | C₂Ti || [[titanium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tíotáiniam || 12071-32-8 |- | C₂U || [[uranium dicarbide]] — décharbíd úráiniam || 12071-33-9 |- | C₂V || [[vanadium dicarbide]] — décharbíd vanaidiam || 12542-39-1 |- | C₂Y || [[yttrium dicarbide]] — décharbíd ittiriam || 12071-35-1 |- | C₂Zr || [[zirconium dicarbide]] — décharbíd siarcóiniam || 12340-54-4 |- |} [[Catagóir:Liostaí de chomhdhúile ceimiceacha |C02]] 7d9gd6xyky3gg7lnn1sptinebgirej1 1331807 1331806 2026-11-04T18:07:27Z Ériugena 188 1331807 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo páirtliosta páirteach de [[Móilín|mhóilíní]] ina bhfuil 2 adamh [[Carbón|carbóin]] iontu.. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Chemical formula || Synonyms || CAS number |- | C₂Al || [[monoaluminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd aonalúmanaim || 37297-57-7 |- | C₂Al₂ || [[dialuminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd dé-alúmanaim || 12122-01-9 |- | C₂B || [[boron dicarbide]] — décharbíd bhóróin || 12539-98-9 |- | C₂Be || [[beryllium dicarbide]] — décharbíd bheirilliam || 12070-28-9 |- | C₂BrCl || [[bromochloroacetylene]] — brómachlóraicéitiléin || 25604-70-0 |- | C₂BrClF₂O || [[bromodifluoroacetylchloride]] — brómaidifluaraicéitilclóiríd || 3832-48-2 |- | C₂BrCl₅ || [[bromopentachloroethane]] — brómapeinteaclóireatán || 79504-02-2 |- | C₂BrF₅ || [[bromopentafluoroethane]] — brómapheinteafluaraeitán || 354-55-2 |- | C₂Br₂FN || [[dibromofluoroacetonitrile]] — débhrómafhluaraicéitínitríl || 6698-74-4 |- | C₂Br₂N₂O₂ || [[dibromofuroxan]] — débhrómafhurocsán || 70134-71-3 |- | C₂Br₂O₂ || [[oxalyl bromide]] — bróiríd ocsalaile || 15219-34-8 |- | C₂Br₆ || [[hexabromoethane]] — heicseabhrómaeitán || 594-73-0 |- | C₂Ca || [[calcium carbide]] — carbíd chailciam || 75-20-7 |- | C₂Ce || [[cerium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam || 12012-32-7 |- | C₂CeRh || [[cerium rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam-róidiam || 53262-56-9 |- | C₂Cl₂F₂ || [[dichlorodifluoroethylene]] — déchlóraidefluaraeitiléin || 27156-03-2 |- | C₂Cl₂O₂ || [[oxalyl chloride]] — clóiríd ocsalaile || 79-37-8 |- | C₂Cl₃N || [[trichloroacetonitrile]] — tríclóraicéitínitríl || 108-77-0 |- | C₂Cl₄ || [[tetrachloroethylene]] — teitreachlóraeitiléin || 127-18-4 |- | C₂Cl₄O || [[trichloroacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd tríclóraicéitile || 76-02-8 |- | C₂Cl₄O₂ || [[trichloromethyl chloroformate]] — clóraformáit tríclóraimeitile || 503-38-8 |- | C₂Cl₅F || [[pentachlorofluoroethane]] — peinteaclórafluaraeitán || 354-56-3 |- | C₂CoNO₃ || [[cobalt dicarbonyl nitrosyl]] — nítreasóil décharbóinile cóbailt || 61332-94-3 |- | C₂Dy || [[dysprosium dicarbide]] — décharbíd diospróisiam || 12175-80-3 |- | C₂Er || [[erbium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eirbiam || 12192-37-9 |- | C₂Eu || [[europium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eoraipiam || 12127-44-5 |- | C₂FN₅O₁₀ || [[fluoropentanitroethane]] — fluarapeintanítraeitán || 23072-51-7 |- | C₂F₂O₂ || [[oxalyl fluoride]] — fluairíd ocsalaile || 359-40-0 |- | C₂F₃ || [[trifluorovinyl radical]] — fréamh trífluaraivíníle || 4605-17-8 |- | C₂F₃I || [[iodotrifluoroethylene]] — iaidotrífluaraeitiléin || 359-37-5 |- | C₂F₃N || [[trifluoromethylisocyanide]] — trífluaraimeitilisiciainíd || 105879-13-8 |- | C₂F₅ || [[pentafluoro ethyl radical]] — fréamh peinteafluaraeitile || 3369-48-0 |- | C₂F₅I || [[pentafluoroethyliodide]] — iaidíd peinteafluaraeitile || 354-64-3 |- | C₂F₆O₅S₂ || [[trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd trífhluaramheatáinsulfónach || 358-23-6 |- | C₂F₇N || [[perfluoroethanamine]] — pearfhluaraeataimín || 354-80-3 |- | C₂H || [[ethynyl radical]] — fréamh eitineile || 2122-48-7 |- | C₂HBrClF₃ || [[halothane]] — halatáin || 151-67-7 |- | C₂HBrO || [[bromoketene]] — brómaiceitéin || 78957-22-9 |- | C₂HBr₂FO₂ || [[dibromofluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad débhrómafluaraicéiteach || 353-99-1 |- | C₂HBr₃ || [[tribromoethene]] — tríbhrómaeitéin || 598-16-3 |- | C₂HBr₃O₂ || [[tribromoacetic acid]] — aigéad tríbhrómaicéiteach || 75-96-7 |- | C₂HClO || [[chloroketene]] — clóiraiceitéin || 29804-89-5 |- | C₂HCl₃ || [[trichloroethylene]] — tríchlóraeitiléin || 79-01-6 |- | C₂HCl₃O || [[chloral]] — clóral || 75-87-6 |- | C₂HF₃OS || [[trifluorothiolacetic acid]] — aigéad trífhluaraiteolaicéiteach || 2925-25-9 |- | C₂HF₅O || [[ ether]] — éitear fluaradéimeitile || 3822-68-2 |- | C₂HNO || [[formyl cyanide]] — ciainíd fhoirmile || 4471-47-0 |- | C₂HO || [[ethynyloxy radical]] — fréamh eitineileocsa || 51095-15-9 |- | C₂H₂ || [[acetylene]] — [[Aicéitiléin|aicéitiléin]] || 74-86-2 |- | C₂H₂AsCl₃ || [[lewisite]] — lobhaoisít || 541-25-3 |- | C₂H₂BrClO || [[bromoacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd bhrómaicéitile || 22118-09-8 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O || [[bromoacetyl bromide]] — bróiríd bhrómaicéitile || 598-21-0 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O₂ || [[dibromoethanoic acid]] — aigéad débhrómaeatánach || 631-64-1 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂ || [[dichloromethane]] — déchlóraimeatán || |- | C₂H₂ClF₂NO || [[chlorodifluoroacetamide]] — clóraidifhluaraicéataimíd || 354-28-9 |- | C₂H₂ClNS || [[chloromethyl thiocyanate]] — tiaicianáit chlóirmheitile || 3268-79-9 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂O || [[dichloroacetaldehyde]] — déchlóraicéataldéhíd || 79-02-7 |- | C₂H₂FN || [[fluoroacetonitrile]] — fluaraicéitínitríl || 503-20-8 |- | C₂H₂F₂O₂ || [[difluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad défhluaraicéiteach || 381-73-7 |- | C₂H₂IN || [[iodoacetonitrile]] — iadaicéitinítríl || 624-75-9 |- | C₂H₂N || [[cyanomethyl radical]] — fréamh ciainaimeitile || 2932-82-3 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethynol]] — eitilneól || 32038-79-2 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethenone]] — eitéanón || 463-51-4 |- | C₂H₂O || [[oxirene]] — ocsairéin || 157-18-6 |- | C₂H₂OS || [[ethynesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitínsulféineach || 121564-25-8 |- | C₂H₂O₂ || [[glyoxal]] — gliocsal || 107-22-2 |- | C₂H₂O₃ || [[formic acid anhydride]] — ainhidríd an aigéid fhoirmigh || 1558-67-4 |- | C₂H₂O₄ || [[oxalic acid]] — [[Aigéad ocsalach|aigéad ocsalach]] || 144-62-7 |- | C₂H₂O₈Pb₃ || [[basic lead carbonate]] — carbónáit bhunata luaidhe || 1319-46-6 |- | C₂H₂S || [[thioketene]] — tiaicheitéin || 18282-77-4 |- | C₂H₂Se || [[selenoketene]] — seiléinaicéitéin || 61134-37-0 |- | C₂H₃ || [[vinyl radical]] — fréamh vínile || 2669-89-8 |- | C₂H₃BF₂ || [[vinyldifluoroborane]] — vínildéfluarabóráin || 358-95-2 |- | C₂H₃BrO || [[acetyl bromide]] — '''bróiríd aicéitile''' || 506-96-7 |- | C₂H₃Br₃O₂ || [[bromal hydrate]] — hiodráit bhrómáil || 507-42-6 |- | C₂H₃Cl || [[methylchlorocarbene]] — meatilclóracarbéin || 31304-51-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO || [[acetyl chloride]] — clóiríd aicéitile || 75-36-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO₂S || [[methoxycarbonylsulfenyl chloride]] — clóiríd meatocsaicarbóinilsulféinile || 26555-40-8 |- | C₂H₃Cl₃O₂ || [[chloral hydrate]] — hiodráit chlóráil || 302-17-0 |- | C₂H₃FO || [[acetyl fluoride]] — fluairíd aicéitile || 557-99-3 |- | C₂H₃F₂NO || [[difluoroacetamide]] — défluaraicéataimíd || 359-38-6 |- | C₂H₃F₃O₂Si || [[silyl trifluoroacetate]] — trífluaraicéatáit sile || 6876-44-4 |- | C₂H₃F₃S₂ || [[methyl trifluoromethyl disulfide]] — déshuilfíd mheatiltrífluaraimeitile || 14410-21-0 |- | C₂H₃IO || [[acetyl iodide]] — iaidíd aicéitile || 507-02-8 |- | C₂H₃KO₂ || [[potassium acetate]] — aicéatáit photaisiam || 127-08-2 |- | C₂H₃N || [[acetonitrile]] — aicéitínitríl || 75-05-8 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[methylcyanate]] — meatilciaianáit || 1768-34-9 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[nitrosoethylene]] — nítreasaeitiléin || 54680-52-3 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethene]] — nítreaeitéin || 500016-67-1 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethylene]] — nítreaeitiléin || 3638-64-0 |- | C₂H₃NO₃ || [[oxamic acid]] — aigéad ocsamach || 471-47-6 |- | C₂H₃NO₄ || [[acetyl nitrate]] — nítráit aicéitile || 591-09-3 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl isoselenocyanate]] — iseileilciaianáit mheatile || 4426-70-4 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl selenocyanate]] — seileilciaianáit mheatile || 2179-80-8 |- | C₂H₃NaO₂ || [[sodium ethanoate]] — eatánáit sóidiam || 127-09-3 |- | C₂H₃O || [[acetyl radical]] — fréamh aicéitile || 3170-69-2 |- | C₂H₃O || [[oxiranyl radical]] — fréamh ocsairanile || 31586-84-2 |- | C₂H₃O || {{ill|Vinyloxy|lt=vinyloxy radical|qid=Q27120718|s=1}} — fréamh vínileocsa || 6912-06-7 |- | C₂H₃O₂Tl || [[thallium acetate]] — aicéatáit thailiam || 563-68-8 |- | C₂H₄ || [[ethylene]] — [[Eitéin|eitéin]] || 74-85-1 |- | C₂H₄ClO₂P || [[ethylene chlorophosphite]] — clórafosfíit eitiléine || 822-39-9 |- | C₂H₄Cl₂ || [[dichloroethane]] — déchlóraeatán || 1300-21-6 |- | C₂H₄F₂O || [[difluoroethanol]] — défluaraeatánól || 359-13-7 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₂ || [[oxalamide]] — ocsalaimíd || 471-46-5 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₄ || [[dihydroxyglyoxime]] — déhiodrocsagliceocsaim || 1687-60-1 |- | C₂H₄N₂S₂ || [[ethanedithioamide]] — eatánditiaimíd || 79-40-3 |- | C₂H₄N₄ || [[2-Cyanoguanidine|dicyanodiamide]] — déchianaidéadiamíd || 461-58-5 |- | C₂H₄N₄O₂ || [[diazenedicarboxamide]] — déaiséindécharboocsaimíd || 123-77-3 |- | C₂H₄O || [[acetaldehyde]] — aicéataldéhíd || 75-07-0 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethenol]] — eitéanól || 557-75-5 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethylene oxide]] — ocsaíd eitiléine || 75-21-8 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethanethioic acid]] — aigéad eatántiaiceach || 507-09-5 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethenesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitéinsulféanach || 2492-74-2 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[acetic acid]] — [[Aigéad eatánóch|aigéad eatánóch]]|| 64-19-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[1,2-dioxetane]] — 1,2-déocsaéatáin || 6788-84-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[formaldehyde dimer]] — démhéar fhoirmaildéhíde || 61233-19-0 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[methyl formate]] — formáit mheatile || 107-31-3 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[glycolaldehyde]] — gliceolaicéataldéhíd || 141-46-8 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[ethaneperoxoic acid]] — aigéad eatánpearocsach || 79-21-0 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[monomethyl carbonate]] — aonmheatil charbónáit || 7456-87-3 |- | C₂H₄O₄ || [[formic acid dimer]] — démhéar an aigéid fhoirmigh || 14523-98-9 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thiirane]] — tiairáin || 420-12-2 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thioacetaldehyde]] — tia-aicéataldéhíd || 6851-93-0 |- | C₂H₄Se || [[selenoacetaldehyde]] — seiléinaicéataldéhíd || 67281-48-5 |- | C₂H₄Se₃ || [[triselenothane]] — tríseiléineatán || 121400-83-7 |- | C₂H₅ || [[ethyl radical]] — fréamh eitile || 2025-56-1 |- | C₂H₅BCl₂ || [[ethyldichloroborane]] — eitildéchlórabóráin || 1739-53-3 |- | C₂H₅BF₂ || [[ethylidifluoroborane]] — eitildéfluarabóráin || 430-41-1 |- | C₂H₅BrHg || [[ethylmercuric bromide]] — bróiríd eitilmearcúraigh || 107-26-6 |- | C₂H₆Hg || [[dimethylmercury]] — démeitilmearcúr || 593-74-8 |- | C₂H₅BrO || [[bromomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear brómaimeitilmeitile || 13057-17-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl || [[ethyl chloride]] — clóiríd eitile || 75-00-3 |- | C₂H₅ClN₂O || [[chloroacetyl hydrazine]] — clóraicéitilhiodraisín || 30956-28-6 |- | C₂H₅ClO || [[ethyl hypochlorite]] — hipiclóirít eitile || 624-85-1 |- | C₂H₅ClO₂S || [[ethanesulfonyl chloride]] — clóiríd eatánsulfóinile || 594-44-5 |- | C₂H₅ClS || [[chloromethylmethyl sulfide]] — suilfíd chlóraimeitilmeitile || 2373-51-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂O₂P || [[ethyl dichlorophosphate]] — déchlórafosfáit eitile || 1498-51-7 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂P || [[ethyldichlorophosphine]] — eitildéchlórafosfíne || 1498-40-4 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂PSe || [[ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride]] — déchlóiríd eitilfosfainseiléanoch || 14705-46-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₃Si || [[ethyltrichlorosilane]] — eitiltríclórasioláin || 115-21-9 |- | C₂H₅FO || [[methoxymethyl fluoride]] — fluairíd mheatocsaimeitile || 460-22-0 |- | C₂H₅FO₂S || [[ethane sulfonyl fluoride]] — fluairíd eatánsulfóinile || 754-03-0 |- | C₂H₅HgI || [[ethylmercuric iodide]] — iaidíd eitilmearcúraigh || 2440-42-8 |- | C₂H₅I || [[iodoethane]] — iaidoeatán || 75-03-6 |- | C₂H₅IO || [[iodomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear iaidomeitilmeitile || 13057-19-7 |- | C₂H₅IS || [[iodomethyl methyl sulfide]] — suilfíd iaidomeitilmeitile || 43034-68-0 |- | C₂H₅Li || [[ethyl lithium]] — eitillitiam || 811-49-4 |- | C₂H₅N || [[acetaldimine]] — aicéataldaimín || 20729-41-3 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethenamine]] — eitéinaimín || 593-67-9 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethylenimine]] — eitiléinimín || 151-56-4 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetaldoxime]] — aicéataldocsaím || 107-29-9 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetamide]] — aicéataimíd || 60-35-5 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[nitrosoethane]] — nítreasaeatán || 925-91-7 |- | C₂H₅NOS || [[aminothioacetic acid]] — aigéad aimíntia-aicéiteach || 758-10-1 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycine]] — [[Glicín|glicín]] || 56-40-6 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycolamide]] — gliceolaimíd || 598-42-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₂S || [[vinylsulfonamide]] — vínilsulfónaimíd || 2386-58-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₄ || [[ammonium acid oxalate]] — ocsaláit aigéadach amóiniam || 5972-72-5 |- | C₂H₅NS || [[ethanethioamide]] — eatántiaimíd || 62-55-5 |- | C₂H₅N₃O₂ || [[imidodicarbonic diamide]] — déaimíd imididécharbónach || 108-19-0 |- | C₂H₅O || [[ethoxy radical]] — fréamh eatocsa || 2154-50-9 |- | C₂H₅P || [[phosphirane]] — fosfiráin || 6569-82-0 |- | C₂H₅P || [[vinyl phosphine]] — fosfíne vínile || 58436-39-8 |- | C₂H₅PS₂ || [[phosphenodithioic ethane]] — eatán fosféiniditiaoch || 41391-49-5 |- | C₂H₅S || [[methylthiomethyl radical]] — fréamh meatiltiaimeitile || 31533-72-9 |- | C₂H₆ || [[ethane]] — [[Eatán|eatán]] || 74-84-0 |- | C₂H₆AlCl || [[dimethylaluminum chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilalúmanaim || 1184-58-3 |- | C₂H₆AsBr || [[dimethylarsine bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilairsíne || 676-71-1 |- | C₂H₆AsCl || [[chlorodimethylarsine]] — clóradémeitilairsín || 557-89-1 |- | C₂H₆BBr || [[dimethylboron bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilbóróin || 5158-50-9 |- | C₂H₆BCl || [[chlorodimethylborane]] — clóradémeitilbóráin || 1803-36-7 |- | C₂H₆BClFN || [[dimethylaminofluorochloroborane]] — démeitilaimínofluaraclórabóráin || 38481-07-1 |- | C₂H₆BClO₂ || [[chlorodimethoxyborane]] — clóradémeatocsabóráin || 868-81-5 |- | C₂H₆BFO₂ || [[fluorodimethoxyborane]] — fluaradémeatocsabóráin || 367-46-4 |- | C₂H₆Be || [[dimethylberyllium]] — démeitilbeirilliam || 506-63-8 |- | C₂H₆ClOP || [[dimethylphosphinic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneach || 1111-92-8 |- | C₂H₆ClO₂P || [[dimethylchlorophosphite]] — démeitilclórafosfíit || 3743-07-5 |- | C₂H₆ClPS || [[dimethylphosphinothioic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneatiaoch || 993-12-4 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Ge || [[dimethylgermanium dichloride]] — déchlóiríd démeitilgearmáiniam || 1529-48-2 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Si || [[ethyldichlorosilane]] — eitildéchlórasioláin || 1789-58-8 |- | C₂H₆FO₂P || [[methyl methylphosphonofluoridate]] — meitilmeitilfosfanafluaridáit || 353-88-8 |- | C₂H₆FP || [[dimethyl fluorophosphine]] — démeitilfluarafosfíne || 507-15-3 |- | C₂H₆F₃NS || [[dimethylaminosulfur trifluoride]] — trífluairíd démeitilaimínsulfair || 3880-03-3 |- | C₂H₆GeO || [[dimethylgermanone]] — démeitilgearmánón || 5061-27-8 |- | C₂H₆GeS || [[dimethylgermathione]] — démeitilgearmáitíón || 16090-49-6 |- | C₂H₆N || [[dimethyl amidogen]] — démeitilaimídeagán || 15337-44-7 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₂ || [[ethylnitramine]] — eitilnítreaimín || 19091-98-6 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₄ || [[hydrazinium hydrogen oxalate]] — hiodraisíniam hidrigineocsaláit || 20321-02-2 |- | C₂H₆O || [[dimethyl ether]] — éitear démeitile || 115-10-6 |- | C₂H₆O || [[ethanol]] — [[Eatánól|eatánól]] || 64-17-5 |- | C₂H₆OS || [[dimethyl sulfoxide]] — démeitilsulfocsaíd || 67-68-5 |- | C₂H₆OS₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfinate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfíneáit || 13882-12-7 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethyl hydroperoxide]] — eitilhidripeaocsaíd || 3031-74-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethylene glycol]] — eitiléingliceol || 107-21-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂S || [[dimethyl sulfone]] — démeitilsulfón || 67-71-0 |- | C₂H₆O₂S₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfonate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfónáit || 2949-92-0 |- | C₂H₆O₄ || [[dioxybismethanol]] — déocsabismeatánól || 17088-73-2 |- | C₂H₆O₅S₂ || [[methanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd meatáinsulfónach || 7143-01-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[dimethyl sulfide]] — démeitilsuilfíd || 75-18-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[ethanethiol]] — eatántiol || 75-08-1 |- | C₂H₆S₅ || [[dimethyl pentasulfide]] — démeitilpeinteasuilfíd || 7330-31-6 |- | C₂H₆Se || [[dimethyl selenide]] — démeitilseiléiníd || 593-79-3 |- | C₂H₆Se₂ || [[dimethyl diselenide]] — démeitildéiseiléiníd || 7101-31-7 |- | C₂H₆Si₂ || [[disilyl acetylene]] — déshilil aicéitiléin || 1070-76-4 |- | C₂H₆Sn || [[dimethylstannylene radical]] — fréamh démeitilstainiléine || 23120-99-2 |- | C₂H₆Te || [[dimethyltelluride]] — démeitiltellúiríd || 593-80-6 |- | C₂H₆Zn || [[dimethylzinc]] — démeitilsinc || 544-97-8 |- | C₂H₇As || [[dimethylarsine]] — démeitilairsín || 593-57-7 |- | C₂H₇AsO₃ || [[ethylarsonic acid]] — aigéad eitilairsónach || 507-32-4 |- | C₂H₇BF₃N || [[dimethylaminetrifluoroborane]] — démeitilaimíntrífluarabóráin || 811-59-6 |- | C₂H₇BO₂ || [[ethyldihydroxyborane]] — eitildéhiodrocsabóráin || 4433-63-0 |- | C₂H₇ClO || [[dimethyl ether hydrogen chloride complex]] — coimpléasc éitear démeitile is clóiríd hidrigine || 24521-77-5 |- | C₂H₇N || [[ethylamine]] — eitilaimín || 75-04-7 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[acetaldehyde ammonia trimer]] — trímhéar aicéataldéhíde is amóinia || 75-39-8 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[ethanolamine]] — eatánóilimín || 141-43-5 |- | C₂H₇NO₂S || [[ethanesulfonamide]] — eatánsulfónaimíd || 1520-70-3 |- | C₂H₇NO₃S || [[taurine]] — tairín || 91105-79-2 |- | C₂H₇NO₄S₂ || [[dimethane sulfonamide]] — démeatánsulfónaimíd || 5347-82-0 |- | C₂H₇NS || [[mercaptamine]] — mearcaptaimín || 60-23-1 |- | C₂H₇O₃P || [[ethylphosphonic acid]] — aigéad eitilfosfónach || 15845-66-6 |- | C₂H₈BF₄N || [[dimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate]] — teitreafluarabhóráit démeitilamóiniam || 16970-97-1 |- | C₂H₈BrN || [[ethylammoniumbromide]] — bróimíd eitilamóiniam || 593-55-5 |- | C₂H₈N₂ || [[ethylenediamine]] — eitiléindéaimín || 107-15-3 |- | C₂H₈N₂O₄ || [[ammonium oxalate]] — ocsaláit amóiniam || 1113-38-8 |- | C₂H₈O₂Si || [[dimethoxysilane]] — démeatocsasioláin || 5314-52-3 |- | C₂H₉N₂O₃ || [[ethylammonium nitrate]] — nítráit eitilamóiniam || 22113-86-6 |- | C₂H₁₀N₂O₈S₂Fe || [[ferrous ethylenediammonium sulfate]] — suilfáit eitiléindéamóiniam fhearúil || 63589-59-3 |- | C₂H₁₂CdTe || [[dimethylcadmium·dimethyltellurium]] — démeitilcadminiam·démeitiltellúiriam || 143481-66-7 |- | C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S || [[guanidine sulfate]] — suilfáit ghuainidín || 594-14-9 |- | C₂HgN₂S₂ || [[mercuric thiocyanate]] — tiiciaianáit mhearcúraigh || 592-85-8 |- | C₂Ho || [[holmium dicarbide]] — décharbíd hoilmiam || 12071-14-6 |- | C₂K₂N₂ || [[potassium cyanide dimer]] — démhéar ciainíd photaisiam || 55186-08-8 |- | C₂La || [[lanthanum dicarbide]] — décharbíd lantainim || 12071-15-7 |- | C₂Li₂ || [[lithium carbide]] — carbíd litiam || 1070-75-3 |- | C₂Lu || [[lutetium dicarbide]] — décharbíd lúitéitiam || 12175-89-2 |- | C₂Mg || [[magnesium carbide]] — carbíd mhaignéisiam || 12122-46-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[bisisocyanide]] — biseisiciainíd || 78800-21-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[cyanogen]] — ciaingin || 460-19-5 |- | C₂N₂Na₂ || [[sodium cyanide]] — ciainíd sóidiam || 55186-09-9 |- | C₂N₂O || [[cyanogen isocyanate]] — isiciaianáit chiaingine || 22430-66-6 |- | C₂N₂S || [[cyanogen isothiocyanate]] — isitiiciaianáit chiaingine || 56023-03-1 |- | C₂N₂S || [[sulfur dicyanide]] — déchiainíd sulfair || 627-52-1 |- | C₂N₂S₂ || [[thiocyanogen]] — tiiciaingin || 505-14-6 |- | C₂N₂Se || [[selenium cyanide]] — ciainíd seiléiniam || 2180-01-0 |- | C₂N₄O₆ || [[trinitroacetonitrile]] — trínítreaaicéitínitríl || 630-72-8 |- | C₂N₆O₁₂ || [[hexanitroethane]] — heicseanítraeatán || 918-37-6 |- | C₂Na₂ || [[Carbide#Acetylides / Ethynides|Sodium carbide]] — carbíd sóidiam || 2881-62-1 |- | C₂Na₂O₄ || [[sodium oxalate]] — ocsaláit sóidiam || 62-76-0 |- | C₂Nd || [[neodymium dicarbide]] — décharbíd niaidimiam || 12071-21-5 |- | C₂O || [[dicarbon monoxide]] — aonocsaíd décharbóin || 12071-23-7 |- | C₂P || [[dicarbon phosphide]] — fosfíid décharbóin || 12602-39-0 |- | C₂Rh || [[rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd róidiam || 37306-47-1 |- | C₂Sc || [[scandium dicarbide]] — décharbíd scaindiam || 12175-91-6 |- | C₂Si || [[silicon dicarbide]] — décharbíd sileacain || 12071-27-1 |- | C₂Si₂ || [[disiladicarbide]] — déshileadécharbíd || 12144-09-1 |- | C₂Th || [[thorium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tóiriam || 12071-31-7 |- | C₂Ti || [[titanium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tíotáiniam || 12071-32-8 |- | C₂U || [[uranium dicarbide]] — décharbíd úráiniam || 12071-33-9 |- | C₂V || [[vanadium dicarbide]] — décharbíd vanaidiam || 12542-39-1 |- | C₂Y || [[yttrium dicarbide]] — décharbíd ittiriam || 12071-35-1 |- | C₂Zr || [[zirconium dicarbide]] — décharbíd siarcóiniam || 12340-54-4 |- |} [[Catagóir:Liostaí de chomhdhúile ceimiceacha |C02]] glc04clrn4750cp74g84wxyjvdo4yyy 1331812 1331807 2026-11-04T18:36:24Z Ériugena 188 1331812 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo páirtliosta páirteach de [[Móilín|mhóilíní]] ina bhfuil 2 adamh [[Carbón|carbóin]] iontu.. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Foirmle cheimiceach || Comhchiallaigh || Uimhir CAS |- | C₂Al || [[monoaluminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd aonalúmanaim || 37297-57-7 |- | C₂Al₂ || [[dialuminum dicarbide]] — décharbíd dé-alúmanaim || 12122-01-9 |- | C₂B || [[boron dicarbide]] — décharbíd bhóróin || 12539-98-9 |- | C₂Be || [[beryllium dicarbide]] — décharbíd bheirilliam || 12070-28-9 |- | C₂BrCl || [[bromochloroacetylene]] — brómachlóraicéitiléin || 25604-70-0 |- | C₂BrClF₂O || [[bromodifluoroacetylchloride]] — brómaidifluaraicéitilclóiríd || 3832-48-2 |- | C₂BrCl₅ || [[bromopentachloroethane]] — brómapeinteaclóireatán || 79504-02-2 |- | C₂BrF₅ || [[bromopentafluoroethane]] — brómapheinteafluaraeitán || 354-55-2 |- | C₂Br₂FN || [[dibromofluoroacetonitrile]] — débhrómafhluaraicéitínitríl || 6698-74-4 |- | C₂Br₂N₂O₂ || [[dibromofuroxan]] — débhrómafhurocsán || 70134-71-3 |- | C₂Br₂O₂ || [[oxalyl bromide]] — bróiríd ocsalaile || 15219-34-8 |- | C₂Br₆ || [[hexabromoethane]] — heicseabhrómaeitán || 594-73-0 |- | C₂Ca || [[calcium carbide]] — carbíd chailciam || 75-20-7 |- | C₂Ce || [[cerium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam || 12012-32-7 |- | C₂CeRh || [[cerium rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd cheiriam-róidiam || 53262-56-9 |- | C₂Cl₂F₂ || [[dichlorodifluoroethylene]] — déchlóraidefluaraeitiléin || 27156-03-2 |- | C₂Cl₂O₂ || [[oxalyl chloride]] — clóiríd ocsalaile || 79-37-8 |- | C₂Cl₃N || [[trichloroacetonitrile]] — tríclóraicéitínitríl || 108-77-0 |- | C₂Cl₄ || [[tetrachloroethylene]] — teitreachlóraeitiléin || 127-18-4 |- | C₂Cl₄O || [[trichloroacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd tríclóraicéitile || 76-02-8 |- | C₂Cl₄O₂ || [[trichloromethyl chloroformate]] — clóraformáit tríclóraimeitile || 503-38-8 |- | C₂Cl₅F || [[pentachlorofluoroethane]] — peinteaclórafluaraeitán || 354-56-3 |- | C₂CoNO₃ || [[cobalt dicarbonyl nitrosyl]] — nítreasóil décharbóinile cóbailt || 61332-94-3 |- | C₂Dy || [[dysprosium dicarbide]] — décharbíd diospróisiam || 12175-80-3 |- | C₂Er || [[erbium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eirbiam || 12192-37-9 |- | C₂Eu || [[europium dicarbide]] — décharbíd eoraipiam || 12127-44-5 |- | C₂FN₅O₁₀ || [[fluoropentanitroethane]] — fluarapeintanítraeitán || 23072-51-7 |- | C₂F₂O₂ || [[oxalyl fluoride]] — fluairíd ocsalaile || 359-40-0 |- | C₂F₃ || [[trifluorovinyl radical]] — fréamh trífluaraivíníle || 4605-17-8 |- | C₂F₃I || [[iodotrifluoroethylene]] — iaidotrífluaraeitiléin || 359-37-5 |- | C₂F₃N || [[trifluoromethylisocyanide]] — trífluaraimeitilisiciainíd || 105879-13-8 |- | C₂F₅ || [[pentafluoro ethyl radical]] — fréamh peinteafluaraeitile || 3369-48-0 |- | C₂F₅I || [[pentafluoroethyliodide]] — iaidíd peinteafluaraeitile || 354-64-3 |- | C₂F₆O₅S₂ || [[trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd trífhluaramheatáinsulfónach || 358-23-6 |- | C₂F₇N || [[perfluoroethanamine]] — pearfhluaraeataimín || 354-80-3 |- | C₂H || [[ethynyl radical]] — fréamh eitineile || 2122-48-7 |- | C₂HBrClF₃ || [[halothane]] — halatáin || 151-67-7 |- | C₂HBrO || [[bromoketene]] — brómaiceitéin || 78957-22-9 |- | C₂HBr₂FO₂ || [[dibromofluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad débhrómafluaraicéiteach || 353-99-1 |- | C₂HBr₃ || [[tribromoethene]] — tríbhrómaeitéin || 598-16-3 |- | C₂HBr₃O₂ || [[tribromoacetic acid]] — aigéad tríbhrómaicéiteach || 75-96-7 |- | C₂HClO || [[chloroketene]] — clóiraiceitéin || 29804-89-5 |- | C₂HCl₃ || [[trichloroethylene]] — tríchlóraeitiléin || 79-01-6 |- | C₂HCl₃O || [[chloral]] — clóral || 75-87-6 |- | C₂HF₃OS || [[trifluorothiolacetic acid]] — aigéad trífhluaraiteolaicéiteach || 2925-25-9 |- | C₂HF₅O || [[ ether]] — éitear fluaradéimeitile || 3822-68-2 |- | C₂HNO || [[formyl cyanide]] — ciainíd fhoirmile || 4471-47-0 |- | C₂HO || [[ethynyloxy radical]] — fréamh eitineileocsa || 51095-15-9 |- | C₂H₂ || [[acetylene]] — [[Aicéitiléin|aicéitiléin]] || 74-86-2 |- | C₂H₂AsCl₃ || [[lewisite]] — lobhaoisít || 541-25-3 |- | C₂H₂BrClO || [[bromoacetyl chloride]] — clóiríd bhrómaicéitile || 22118-09-8 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O || [[bromoacetyl bromide]] — bróiríd bhrómaicéitile || 598-21-0 |- | C₂H₂Br₂O₂ || [[dibromoethanoic acid]] — aigéad débhrómaeatánach || 631-64-1 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂ || [[dichloromethane]] — déchlóraimeatán || |- | C₂H₂ClF₂NO || [[chlorodifluoroacetamide]] — clóraidifhluaraicéataimíd || 354-28-9 |- | C₂H₂ClNS || [[chloromethyl thiocyanate]] — tiaicianáit chlóirmheitile || 3268-79-9 |- | C₂H₂Cl₂O || [[dichloroacetaldehyde]] — déchlóraicéataldéhíd || 79-02-7 |- | C₂H₂FN || [[fluoroacetonitrile]] — fluaraicéitínitríl || 503-20-8 |- | C₂H₂F₂O₂ || [[difluoroacetic acid]] — aigéad défhluaraicéiteach || 381-73-7 |- | C₂H₂IN || [[iodoacetonitrile]] — iadaicéitinítríl || 624-75-9 |- | C₂H₂N || [[cyanomethyl radical]] — fréamh ciainaimeitile || 2932-82-3 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethynol]] — eitilneól || 32038-79-2 |- | C₂H₂O || [[ethenone]] — eitéanón || 463-51-4 |- | C₂H₂O || [[oxirene]] — ocsairéin || 157-18-6 |- | C₂H₂OS || [[ethynesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitínsulféineach || 121564-25-8 |- | C₂H₂O₂ || [[glyoxal]] — gliocsal || 107-22-2 |- | C₂H₂O₃ || [[formic acid anhydride]] — ainhidríd an aigéid fhoirmigh || 1558-67-4 |- | C₂H₂O₄ || [[oxalic acid]] — [[Aigéad ocsalach|aigéad ocsalach]] || 144-62-7 |- | C₂H₂O₈Pb₃ || [[basic lead carbonate]] — carbónáit bhunata luaidhe || 1319-46-6 |- | C₂H₂S || [[thioketene]] — tiaicheitéin || 18282-77-4 |- | C₂H₂Se || [[selenoketene]] — seiléinaicéitéin || 61134-37-0 |- | C₂H₃ || [[vinyl radical]] — fréamh vínile || 2669-89-8 |- | C₂H₃BF₂ || [[vinyldifluoroborane]] — vínildéfluarabóráin || 358-95-2 |- | C₂H₃BrO || [[acetyl bromide]] — '''bróiríd aicéitile''' || 506-96-7 |- | C₂H₃Br₃O₂ || [[bromal hydrate]] — hiodráit bhrómáil || 507-42-6 |- | C₂H₃Cl || [[methylchlorocarbene]] — meatilclóracarbéin || 31304-51-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO || [[acetyl chloride]] — clóiríd aicéitile || 75-36-5 |- | C₂H₃ClO₂S || [[methoxycarbonylsulfenyl chloride]] — clóiríd meatocsaicarbóinilsulféinile || 26555-40-8 |- | C₂H₃Cl₃O₂ || [[chloral hydrate]] — hiodráit chlóráil || 302-17-0 |- | C₂H₃FO || [[acetyl fluoride]] — fluairíd aicéitile || 557-99-3 |- | C₂H₃F₂NO || [[difluoroacetamide]] — défluaraicéataimíd || 359-38-6 |- | C₂H₃F₃O₂Si || [[silyl trifluoroacetate]] — trífluaraicéatáit sile || 6876-44-4 |- | C₂H₃F₃S₂ || [[methyl trifluoromethyl disulfide]] — déshuilfíd mheatiltrífluaraimeitile || 14410-21-0 |- | C₂H₃IO || [[acetyl iodide]] — iaidíd aicéitile || 507-02-8 |- | C₂H₃KO₂ || [[potassium acetate]] — aicéatáit photaisiam || 127-08-2 |- | C₂H₃N || [[acetonitrile]] — aicéitínitríl || 75-05-8 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[methylcyanate]] — meatilciaianáit || 1768-34-9 |- | C₂H₃NO || [[nitrosoethylene]] — nítreasaeitiléin || 54680-52-3 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethene]] — nítreaeitéin || 500016-67-1 |- | C₂H₃NO₂ || [[nitroethylene]] — nítreaeitiléin || 3638-64-0 |- | C₂H₃NO₃ || [[oxamic acid]] — aigéad ocsamach || 471-47-6 |- | C₂H₃NO₄ || [[acetyl nitrate]] — nítráit aicéitile || 591-09-3 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl isoselenocyanate]] — iseileilciaianáit mheatile || 4426-70-4 |- | C₂H₃NSe || [[methyl selenocyanate]] — seileilciaianáit mheatile || 2179-80-8 |- | C₂H₃NaO₂ || [[sodium ethanoate]] — eatánáit sóidiam || 127-09-3 |- | C₂H₃O || [[acetyl radical]] — fréamh aicéitile || 3170-69-2 |- | C₂H₃O || [[oxiranyl radical]] — fréamh ocsairanile || 31586-84-2 |- | C₂H₃O || {{ill|Vinyloxy|lt=vinyloxy radical|qid=Q27120718|s=1}} — fréamh vínileocsa || 6912-06-7 |- | C₂H₃O₂Tl || [[thallium acetate]] — aicéatáit thailiam || 563-68-8 |- | C₂H₄ || [[ethylene]] — [[Eitéin|eitéin]] || 74-85-1 |- | C₂H₄ClO₂P || [[ethylene chlorophosphite]] — clórafosfíit eitiléine || 822-39-9 |- | C₂H₄Cl₂ || [[dichloroethane]] — déchlóraeatán || 1300-21-6 |- | C₂H₄F₂O || [[difluoroethanol]] — défluaraeatánól || 359-13-7 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₂ || [[oxalamide]] — ocsalaimíd || 471-46-5 |- | C₂H₄N₂O₄ || [[dihydroxyglyoxime]] — déhiodrocsagliceocsaim || 1687-60-1 |- | C₂H₄N₂S₂ || [[ethanedithioamide]] — eatánditiaimíd || 79-40-3 |- | C₂H₄N₄ || [[2-Cyanoguanidine|dicyanodiamide]] — déchianaidéadiamíd || 461-58-5 |- | C₂H₄N₄O₂ || [[diazenedicarboxamide]] — déaiséindécharboocsaimíd || 123-77-3 |- | C₂H₄O || [[acetaldehyde]] — aicéataldéhíd || 75-07-0 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethenol]] — eitéanól || 557-75-5 |- | C₂H₄O || [[ethylene oxide]] — ocsaíd eitiléine || 75-21-8 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethanethioic acid]] — aigéad eatántiaiceach || 507-09-5 |- | C₂H₄OS || [[ethenesulfenic acid]] — aigéad eitéinsulféanach || 2492-74-2 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[acetic acid]] — [[Aigéad eatánóch|aigéad eatánóch]]|| 64-19-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[1,2-dioxetane]] — 1,2-déocsaéatáin || 6788-84-7 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[formaldehyde dimer]] — démhéar fhoirmaildéhíde || 61233-19-0 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[methyl formate]] — formáit mheatile || 107-31-3 |- | C₂H₄O₂ || [[glycolaldehyde]] — gliceolaicéataldéhíd || 141-46-8 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[ethaneperoxoic acid]] — aigéad eatánpearocsach || 79-21-0 |- | C₂H₄O₃ || [[monomethyl carbonate]] — aonmheatil charbónáit || 7456-87-3 |- | C₂H₄O₄ || [[formic acid dimer]] — démhéar an aigéid fhoirmigh || 14523-98-9 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thiirane]] — tiairáin || 420-12-2 |- | C₂H₄S || [[thioacetaldehyde]] — tia-aicéataldéhíd || 6851-93-0 |- | C₂H₄Se || [[selenoacetaldehyde]] — seiléinaicéataldéhíd || 67281-48-5 |- | C₂H₄Se₃ || [[triselenothane]] — tríseiléineatán || 121400-83-7 |- | C₂H₅ || [[ethyl radical]] — fréamh eitile || 2025-56-1 |- | C₂H₅BCl₂ || [[ethyldichloroborane]] — eitildéchlórabóráin || 1739-53-3 |- | C₂H₅BF₂ || [[ethylidifluoroborane]] — eitildéfluarabóráin || 430-41-1 |- | C₂H₅BrHg || [[ethylmercuric bromide]] — bróiríd eitilmearcúraigh || 107-26-6 |- | C₂H₆Hg || [[dimethylmercury]] — démeitilmearcúr || 593-74-8 |- | C₂H₅BrO || [[bromomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear brómaimeitilmeitile || 13057-17-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl || [[ethyl chloride]] — clóiríd eitile || 75-00-3 |- | C₂H₅ClN₂O || [[chloroacetyl hydrazine]] — clóraicéitilhiodraisín || 30956-28-6 |- | C₂H₅ClO || [[ethyl hypochlorite]] — hipiclóirít eitile || 624-85-1 |- | C₂H₅ClO₂S || [[ethanesulfonyl chloride]] — clóiríd eatánsulfóinile || 594-44-5 |- | C₂H₅ClS || [[chloromethylmethyl sulfide]] — suilfíd chlóraimeitilmeitile || 2373-51-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂O₂P || [[ethyl dichlorophosphate]] — déchlórafosfáit eitile || 1498-51-7 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂P || [[ethyldichlorophosphine]] — eitildéchlórafosfíne || 1498-40-4 |- | C₂H₅Cl₂PSe || [[ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride]] — déchlóiríd eitilfosfainseiléanoch || 14705-46-5 |- | C₂H₅Cl₃Si || [[ethyltrichlorosilane]] — eitiltríclórasioláin || 115-21-9 |- | C₂H₅FO || [[methoxymethyl fluoride]] — fluairíd mheatocsaimeitile || 460-22-0 |- | C₂H₅FO₂S || [[ethane sulfonyl fluoride]] — fluairíd eatánsulfóinile || 754-03-0 |- | C₂H₅HgI || [[ethylmercuric iodide]] — iaidíd eitilmearcúraigh || 2440-42-8 |- | C₂H₅I || [[iodoethane]] — iaidoeatán || 75-03-6 |- | C₂H₅IO || [[iodomethyl methyl ether]] — éitear iaidomeitilmeitile || 13057-19-7 |- | C₂H₅IS || [[iodomethyl methyl sulfide]] — suilfíd iaidomeitilmeitile || 43034-68-0 |- | C₂H₅Li || [[ethyl lithium]] — eitillitiam || 811-49-4 |- | C₂H₅N || [[acetaldimine]] — aicéataldaimín || 20729-41-3 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethenamine]] — eitéinaimín || 593-67-9 |- | C₂H₅N || [[ethylenimine]] — eitiléinimín || 151-56-4 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetaldoxime]] — aicéataldocsaím || 107-29-9 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[acetamide]] — aicéataimíd || 60-35-5 |- | C₂H₅NO || [[nitrosoethane]] — nítreasaeatán || 925-91-7 |- | C₂H₅NOS || [[aminothioacetic acid]] — aigéad aimíntia-aicéiteach || 758-10-1 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycine]] — [[Glicín|glicín]] || 56-40-6 |- | C₂H₅NO₂ || [[glycolamide]] — gliceolaimíd || 598-42-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₂S || [[vinylsulfonamide]] — vínilsulfónaimíd || 2386-58-5 |- | C₂H₅NO₄ || [[ammonium acid oxalate]] — ocsaláit aigéadach amóiniam || 5972-72-5 |- | C₂H₅NS || [[ethanethioamide]] — eatántiaimíd || 62-55-5 |- | C₂H₅N₃O₂ || [[imidodicarbonic diamide]] — déaimíd imididécharbónach || 108-19-0 |- | C₂H₅O || [[ethoxy radical]] — fréamh eatocsa || 2154-50-9 |- | C₂H₅P || [[phosphirane]] — fosfiráin || 6569-82-0 |- | C₂H₅P || [[vinyl phosphine]] — fosfíne vínile || 58436-39-8 |- | C₂H₅PS₂ || [[phosphenodithioic ethane]] — eatán fosféiniditiaoch || 41391-49-5 |- | C₂H₅S || [[methylthiomethyl radical]] — fréamh meatiltiaimeitile || 31533-72-9 |- | C₂H₆ || [[ethane]] — [[Eatán|eatán]] || 74-84-0 |- | C₂H₆AlCl || [[dimethylaluminum chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilalúmanaim || 1184-58-3 |- | C₂H₆AsBr || [[dimethylarsine bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilairsíne || 676-71-1 |- | C₂H₆AsCl || [[chlorodimethylarsine]] — clóradémeitilairsín || 557-89-1 |- | C₂H₆BBr || [[dimethylboron bromide]] — bróiríd démeitilbóróin || 5158-50-9 |- | C₂H₆BCl || [[chlorodimethylborane]] — clóradémeitilbóráin || 1803-36-7 |- | C₂H₆BClFN || [[dimethylaminofluorochloroborane]] — démeitilaimínofluaraclórabóráin || 38481-07-1 |- | C₂H₆BClO₂ || [[chlorodimethoxyborane]] — clóradémeatocsabóráin || 868-81-5 |- | C₂H₆BFO₂ || [[fluorodimethoxyborane]] — fluaradémeatocsabóráin || 367-46-4 |- | C₂H₆Be || [[dimethylberyllium]] — démeitilbeirilliam || 506-63-8 |- | C₂H₆ClOP || [[dimethylphosphinic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneach || 1111-92-8 |- | C₂H₆ClO₂P || [[dimethylchlorophosphite]] — démeitilclórafosfíit || 3743-07-5 |- | C₂H₆ClPS || [[dimethylphosphinothioic chloride]] — clóiríd démeitilfosfíneatiaoch || 993-12-4 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Ge || [[dimethylgermanium dichloride]] — déchlóiríd démeitilgearmáiniam || 1529-48-2 |- | C₂H₆Cl₂Si || [[ethyldichlorosilane]] — eitildéchlórasioláin || 1789-58-8 |- | C₂H₆FO₂P || [[methyl methylphosphonofluoridate]] — meitilmeitilfosfanafluaridáit || 353-88-8 |- | C₂H₆FP || [[dimethyl fluorophosphine]] — démeitilfluarafosfíne || 507-15-3 |- | C₂H₆F₃NS || [[dimethylaminosulfur trifluoride]] — trífluairíd démeitilaimínsulfair || 3880-03-3 |- | C₂H₆GeO || [[dimethylgermanone]] — démeitilgearmánón || 5061-27-8 |- | C₂H₆GeS || [[dimethylgermathione]] — démeitilgearmáitíón || 16090-49-6 |- | C₂H₆N || [[dimethyl amidogen]] — démeitilaimídeagán || 15337-44-7 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₂ || [[ethylnitramine]] — eitilnítreaimín || 19091-98-6 |- | C₂H₆N₂O₄ || [[hydrazinium hydrogen oxalate]] — hiodraisíniam hidrigineocsaláit || 20321-02-2 |- | C₂H₆O || [[dimethyl ether]] — éitear démeitile || 115-10-6 |- | C₂H₆O || [[ethanol]] — [[Eatánól|eatánól]] || 64-17-5 |- | C₂H₆OS || [[dimethyl sulfoxide]] — démeitilsulfocsaíd || 67-68-5 |- | C₂H₆OS₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfinate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfíneáit || 13882-12-7 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethyl hydroperoxide]] — eitilhidripeaocsaíd || 3031-74-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂ || [[ethylene glycol]] — eitiléingliceol || 107-21-1 |- | C₂H₆O₂S || [[dimethyl sulfone]] — démeitilsulfón || 67-71-0 |- | C₂H₆O₂S₂ || [[methyl methanethiosulfonate]] — meitilmeatántiasulfónáit || 2949-92-0 |- | C₂H₆O₄ || [[dioxybismethanol]] — déocsabismeatánól || 17088-73-2 |- | C₂H₆O₅S₂ || [[methanesulfonic anhydride]] — ainhidríd meatáinsulfónach || 7143-01-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[dimethyl sulfide]] — démeitilsuilfíd || 75-18-3 |- | C₂H₆S || [[ethanethiol]] — eatántiol || 75-08-1 |- | C₂H₆S₅ || [[dimethyl pentasulfide]] — démeitilpeinteasuilfíd || 7330-31-6 |- | C₂H₆Se || [[dimethyl selenide]] — démeitilseiléiníd || 593-79-3 |- | C₂H₆Se₂ || [[dimethyl diselenide]] — démeitildéiseiléiníd || 7101-31-7 |- | C₂H₆Si₂ || [[disilyl acetylene]] — déshilil aicéitiléin || 1070-76-4 |- | C₂H₆Sn || [[dimethylstannylene radical]] — fréamh démeitilstainiléine || 23120-99-2 |- | C₂H₆Te || [[dimethyltelluride]] — démeitiltellúiríd || 593-80-6 |- | C₂H₆Zn || [[dimethylzinc]] — démeitilsinc || 544-97-8 |- | C₂H₇As || [[dimethylarsine]] — démeitilairsín || 593-57-7 |- | C₂H₇AsO₃ || [[ethylarsonic acid]] — aigéad eitilairsónach || 507-32-4 |- | C₂H₇BF₃N || [[dimethylaminetrifluoroborane]] — démeitilaimíntrífluarabóráin || 811-59-6 |- | C₂H₇BO₂ || [[ethyldihydroxyborane]] — eitildéhiodrocsabóráin || 4433-63-0 |- | C₂H₇ClO || [[dimethyl ether hydrogen chloride complex]] — coimpléasc éitear démeitile is clóiríd hidrigine || 24521-77-5 |- | C₂H₇N || [[ethylamine]] — eitilaimín || 75-04-7 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[acetaldehyde ammonia trimer]] — trímhéar aicéataldéhíde is amóinia || 75-39-8 |- | C₂H₇NO || [[ethanolamine]] — eatánóilimín || 141-43-5 |- | C₂H₇NO₂S || [[ethanesulfonamide]] — eatánsulfónaimíd || 1520-70-3 |- | C₂H₇NO₃S || [[taurine]] — tairín || 91105-79-2 |- | C₂H₇NO₄S₂ || [[dimethane sulfonamide]] — démeatánsulfónaimíd || 5347-82-0 |- | C₂H₇NS || [[mercaptamine]] — mearcaptaimín || 60-23-1 |- | C₂H₇O₃P || [[ethylphosphonic acid]] — aigéad eitilfosfónach || 15845-66-6 |- | C₂H₈BF₄N || [[dimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate]] — teitreafluarabhóráit démeitilamóiniam || 16970-97-1 |- | C₂H₈BrN || [[ethylammoniumbromide]] — bróimíd eitilamóiniam || 593-55-5 |- | C₂H₈N₂ || [[ethylenediamine]] — eitiléindéaimín || 107-15-3 |- | C₂H₈N₂O₄ || [[ammonium oxalate]] — ocsaláit amóiniam || 1113-38-8 |- | C₂H₈O₂Si || [[dimethoxysilane]] — démeatocsasioláin || 5314-52-3 |- | C₂H₉N₂O₃ || [[ethylammonium nitrate]] — nítráit eitilamóiniam || 22113-86-6 |- | C₂H₁₀N₂O₈S₂Fe || [[ferrous ethylenediammonium sulfate]] — suilfáit eitiléindéamóiniam fhearúil || 63589-59-3 |- | C₂H₁₂CdTe || [[dimethylcadmium·dimethyltellurium]] — démeitilcadminiam·démeitiltellúiriam || 143481-66-7 |- | C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S || [[guanidine sulfate]] — suilfáit ghuainidín || 594-14-9 |- | C₂HgN₂S₂ || [[mercuric thiocyanate]] — tiiciaianáit mhearcúraigh || 592-85-8 |- | C₂Ho || [[holmium dicarbide]] — décharbíd hoilmiam || 12071-14-6 |- | C₂K₂N₂ || [[potassium cyanide dimer]] — démhéar ciainíd photaisiam || 55186-08-8 |- | C₂La || [[lanthanum dicarbide]] — décharbíd lantainim || 12071-15-7 |- | C₂Li₂ || [[lithium carbide]] — carbíd litiam || 1070-75-3 |- | C₂Lu || [[lutetium dicarbide]] — décharbíd lúitéitiam || 12175-89-2 |- | C₂Mg || [[magnesium carbide]] — carbíd mhaignéisiam || 12122-46-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[bisisocyanide]] — biseisiciainíd || 78800-21-2 |- | C₂N₂ || [[cyanogen]] — ciaingin || 460-19-5 |- | C₂N₂Na₂ || [[sodium cyanide]] — ciainíd sóidiam || 55186-09-9 |- | C₂N₂O || [[cyanogen isocyanate]] — isiciaianáit chiaingine || 22430-66-6 |- | C₂N₂S || [[cyanogen isothiocyanate]] — isitiiciaianáit chiaingine || 56023-03-1 |- | C₂N₂S || [[sulfur dicyanide]] — déchiainíd sulfair || 627-52-1 |- | C₂N₂S₂ || [[thiocyanogen]] — tiiciaingin || 505-14-6 |- | C₂N₂Se || [[selenium cyanide]] — ciainíd seiléiniam || 2180-01-0 |- | C₂N₄O₆ || [[trinitroacetonitrile]] — trínítreaaicéitínitríl || 630-72-8 |- | C₂N₆O₁₂ || [[hexanitroethane]] — heicseanítraeatán || 918-37-6 |- | C₂Na₂ || [[Carbide#Acetylides / Ethynides|Sodium carbide]] — carbíd sóidiam || 2881-62-1 |- | C₂Na₂O₄ || [[sodium oxalate]] — ocsaláit sóidiam || 62-76-0 |- | C₂Nd || [[neodymium dicarbide]] — décharbíd niaidimiam || 12071-21-5 |- | C₂O || [[dicarbon monoxide]] — aonocsaíd décharbóin || 12071-23-7 |- | C₂P || [[dicarbon phosphide]] — fosfíid décharbóin || 12602-39-0 |- | C₂Rh || [[rhodium dicarbide]] — décharbíd róidiam || 37306-47-1 |- | C₂Sc || [[scandium dicarbide]] — décharbíd scaindiam || 12175-91-6 |- | C₂Si || [[silicon dicarbide]] — décharbíd sileacain || 12071-27-1 |- | C₂Si₂ || [[disiladicarbide]] — déshileadécharbíd || 12144-09-1 |- | C₂Th || [[thorium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tóiriam || 12071-31-7 |- | C₂Ti || [[titanium dicarbide]] — décharbíd tíotáiniam || 12071-32-8 |- | C₂U || [[uranium dicarbide]] — décharbíd úráiniam || 12071-33-9 |- | C₂V || [[vanadium dicarbide]] — décharbíd vanaidiam || 12542-39-1 |- | C₂Y || [[yttrium dicarbide]] — décharbíd ittiriam || 12071-35-1 |- | C₂Zr || [[zirconium dicarbide]] — décharbíd siarcóiniam || 12340-54-4 |- |} [[Catagóir:Liostaí de chomhdhúile ceimiceacha |C02]] 6ktjtwsonl2j21x4dp0idzifrlbrz44 0 128784 1331798 2026-11-04T17:28:37Z LametinoWiki 23199 Bhog LametinoWiki an leathanach [[Verona Murphy]] go [[Verona Uí Mhurchú]]: Leagan Gaeilge 1331798 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Verona Uí Mhurchú]] csenp0tyi5z1d2krz7dliruohs7s6if 1 128785 1331800 2026-11-04T17:34:55Z Ériugena 188 /* Rabhadh */ mír nua 1331800 wikitext text/x-wiki == Rabhadh == Ní raibh mé in ann ainmneacha Gaelacha a chur ar fáil do gach comhchiallach sa liosta. Níl sna torthaí cuardaigh ach téarmaí fíoraithe Gaeilge do líon beag de na comhdhúile, go príomha na hidreacarbóin is simplí agus cúpla díorthach coitianta. Maidir le formhór mór na n-ainmneacha ceimiceacha speisialaithe, níl téarmaíocht chaighdeánach Ghaeilge ar fáil ó Tearma.ieǃ̴̴ [[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 17:34, 4 Samhain 2026 (UTC) dpfib70ufmyde706irul7uwkv5h0ls6 1331803 1331800 2026-11-04T17:37:07Z Ériugena 188 Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Plé:Liosta comhdhúile le huimhir charbóin 2]] go [[Plé:Liosta de chomhdúile le huimhir charbóin 2]] 1331800 wikitext text/x-wiki == Rabhadh == Ní raibh mé in ann ainmneacha Gaelacha a chur ar fáil do gach comhchiallach sa liosta. Níl sna torthaí cuardaigh ach téarmaí fíoraithe Gaeilge do líon beag de na comhdhúile, go príomha na hidreacarbóin is simplí agus cúpla díorthach coitianta. Maidir le formhór mór na n-ainmneacha ceimiceacha speisialaithe, níl téarmaíocht chaighdeánach Ghaeilge ar fáil ó Tearma.ieǃ̴̴ [[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 17:34, 4 Samhain 2026 (UTC) dpfib70ufmyde706irul7uwkv5h0ls6 0 128786 1331802 2026-11-04T17:37:07Z Ériugena 188 Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Liosta comhdhúile le huimhir charbóin 2]] go [[Liosta de chomhdúile le huimhir charbóin 2]] 1331802 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Liosta de chomhdúile le huimhir charbóin 2]] g3rtlsj5zdlebjt4wnbvb6hdlezmo3v 1 128787 1331804 2026-11-04T17:37:07Z Ériugena 188 Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Plé:Liosta comhdhúile le huimhir charbóin 2]] go [[Plé:Liosta de chomhdúile le huimhir charbóin 2]] 1331804 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Plé:Liosta de chomhdúile le huimhir charbóin 2]] oi197yziz6jtzh0in4preaqv12aalf2 0 128788 1331836 2026-11-04T22:21:26Z TGcoa 21229 Leathanach cruthaithe le '{{Le haghaidh|an phaimfléid le Máirtín Ó Cadhain|Páipéir Bhána agus Páipéir Bhreaca}}[[Íomhá:1939 White Paper cmd 6019.djvu|page=1|mion|220px|Leathanach teidil an pháipéir bháin faoin bPalaistín a d'fhoilsigh rialtas na Breataine i mí na Bealtaine 1939 (Cmd. 6019). Cuireadh faoi bhráid na Parlaiminte é ''by Command of His Majesty'', mar pháipéar ceannais.]] Is éard is '''páipéar bán'''<ref name="tearmaPB">Béarla: ''white paper''. Ainmfhoca...' 1331836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Le haghaidh|an phaimfléid le Máirtín Ó Cadhain|Páipéir Bhána agus Páipéir Bhreaca}}[[Íomhá:1939 White Paper cmd 6019.djvu|page=1|mion|220px|Leathanach teidil an pháipéir bháin faoin bPalaistín a d'fhoilsigh rialtas na Breataine i mí na Bealtaine 1939 (Cmd. 6019). Cuireadh faoi bhráid na Parlaiminte é ''by Command of His Majesty'', mar pháipéar ceannais.]] Is éard is '''páipéar bán'''<ref name="tearmaPB">Béarla: ''white paper''. Ainmfhocal firinscneach den chéad díochlaonadh é ''páipéar''; is é ''páipéir bhána'' an t-iolra. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/white%20paper/|title=white paper|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> ann ná doiciméad oifigiúil ina leagann rialtas amach a bheartas i leith ceiste áirithe, nó na moltaí atá aige le haghaidh reachtaíochta nua.<ref name="ukWP">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/white-paper/|title=White Papers|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Uaireanta, bíonn dréacht de bhille ann. Bíonn an páipéar bán ina bhonn le haghaidh tuilleadh comhairliúcháin agus plé leis na dreamanna a bhfuil baint acu leis an gceist, ionas gur féidir athruithe deiridh a dhéanamh sula dtugtar an bille isteach sa pharlaimint go foirmiúil.<ref name="ukWP" /> Ina choinne sin, is doiciméad comhairliúcháin<ref>Béarla: ''consultation document''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/consultation%20document/|title=consultation document|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> é an '''páipéar uaine'''<ref name="tearmaPU">Béarla: ''green paper''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/green%20paper/|title=green paper|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref>: cuireann an rialtas moltaí faoi bhráid an phobail ann, le go bhféadfaidh daoine laistigh agus lasmuigh den pharlaimint aiseolas a thabhairt orthu sula socraítear an beartas.<ref name="ukGP">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/green-papers/|title=Green Papers|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Úsáidtear an leagan '''páipéar glas''' freisin i ndoiciméid oifigiúla.<ref name="def2019">{{Cite web-en|url=https://assets.gov.ie/44326/3dd33fa8659d4cc89aa3eb022542bbd2.pdf|title=Páipéar Bán ar Chosaint: Uasdátú 2019|publisher=An Roinn Cosanta|date=2019|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Is ó dhath an chlúdaigh, nó ó dhath an pháipéir féin, a thagann na hainmneacha.<ref name="enWP">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=White paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref><ref name="Ciste154">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=154–155}}</ref> Sa saol gnó, tugtar páipéar bán freisin ar thuarascáil a mhíníonn ceist chasta agus a chuireann dearcadh an fhoilsitheora chun cinn, go minic chun táirge nó seirbhís a dhíol.<ref name="enWP" /> In Éirinn, is ráiteas é páipéar bán faoi bheartas an rialtais a fhoilsíonn [[Oifig an tSoláthair]].<ref name="Ciste154" /> Foilsítear páipéir bhána ar ábhair éagsúla, ón ngeilleagar agus ón nGaeilge go dtí an chosaint agus an fuinneamh, agus eisíonn an Roinn Airgeadais páipéar bán gach bliain roimh an mBuiséad.<ref name="Achomair">{{Cite web-en|url=https://assets.gov.ie/static/documents/cc1e2e31/Your_Guide_to_Budget_2027_Irish.pdf|title=An Buiséad go hAchomair 2027: Do Threoir don Bhuiséad|publisher=An Roinn Caiteachais Phoiblí, Bonneagair, Athchóiriúcháin Seirbhíse Poiblí agus Digitiúcháin|date=2026-10|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref>[[Íomhá:Churchill White Paper Correspondence with the Palestine Arab Delegation and the Zionist Organisation. Presented to Parliament by Command of His Majesty June, 1922.djvu|page=1|mion|220px|Páipéar Bán Churchill (Cmd. 1700), Meitheamh 1922 – ceann de na samplaí is luaithe den téarma.]] [[Íomhá:Jewish protest demonstrations against Palestine White Paper, May 18, 1939. King George Ave, Jerusalem.jpg|mion|220px|Agóid Ghiúdach in aghaidh an pháipéir bháin in [[Iarúsailéim]], 18 Bealtaine 1939.]] [[Íomhá:Green paper about retail financial services.pdf|page=1|mion|220px|An Páipéar Uaine maidir le seirbhísí airgeadais miondíola a d'fhoilsigh an [[An Coimisiún Eorpach|Coimisiún Eorpach]] i mí na Nollag 2015.]] [[Íomhá:Bitcoin-whitepaper-poster page-0001.jpg|mion|220px|An páipéar bán ''Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System'' (2008), a foilsíodh faoin ainm bréige Satoshi Nakamoto.]] == Sanasaíocht == Is ón Laidin ''papyrus'' a thagann an focal ''[[páipéar]]'', agus is ón nGréigis a fuair na Rómhánaigh é. Chiallaigh an focal Gréigise an ghiolcach a fhásann cois abhainn na Níle, mar is ó na hÉigiptigh a d'fhoghlaim na Gréagaigh conas páipéar a dhéanamh.<ref name="Ciste154" /> Is ó nós a d'fhás i bParlaimint na Breataine sa naoú haois déag a thagann an téarma ''páipéar bán''. San am sin, cuireadh tuarascálacha oifigiúla agus doiciméid thromchúiseacha eile i gcló ar pháipéar bán, agus cuireadh faoi bhráid na Parlaiminte iad faoi chlúdaigh láidre ghorma; ''leabhair ghorma''<ref>Béarla: ''blue books''. Tugann téarma.ie ''na Leabhair Ghorma'' ar ''the Blue Books'' sa stair. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/blue%20book/|title=blue book|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> a thugtaí orthu. Ní raibh gá le clúdach chomh láidir sin ar ráitis bheartais a bhí níos giorra, agus cuireadh amach iad sin ar pháipéar bán amháin, gan chlúdach. Mar sin, ''páipéir bhána'' a tugadh orthu.<ref name="Ciste154" /> Dar le foinsí eile, is go luath san fhichiú haois a tháinig an téarma in úsáid, mar ainm ar pháipéar seasaimh<ref>Béarla: ''position paper''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/position%20paper/|title=position paper|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> nó ar thuarascáil a d'fhoilsigh roinn de chuid rialtas na Breataine, agus ''páipéir cheannais'' a thugtaí ar an gcineál sin doiciméid roimhe sin.<ref name="enWP" /> Is minic, fós, a fhoilsítear páipéir bhána mar pháipéir cheannais<ref name="tearmaCP">Béarla: ''command papers''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/command%20paper/|title=command paper|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> sa [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Ríocht Aontaithe]]: cuirtear faoi bhráid na Parlaiminte iad "le hordú an Rí" (nó na Banríona), agus tugtar uimhir dóibh in ord leanúnach.<ref name="ukWP" /><ref name="ukCP">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/command-papers/|title=Command Papers|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ó 1870 i leith, cuirtear giorrúchán den fhocal Béarla ''command'' roimh an uimhir, mar shampla ''Cmd.'' nó ''Cmnd.'', agus athraíodh an giorrúchán ó am go chéile chun sraith nua uimhreacha a thosú.<ref name="enCP">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Command paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Dar le ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', ní bhaineann dath an pháipéir ná dath an chlúdaigh le hábhar an doiciméid a thuilleadh.<ref name="Ciste154" /> == Stair == === An Ríocht Aontaithe === Ar cheann de na samplaí is luaithe den téarma tá Páipéar Bán Churchill (Cmd. 1700), a foilsíodh ar an 3 Meitheamh 1922.<ref name="enWP" /><ref name="enChurchill">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Churchill White Paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Dréachtaíodh é ar iarratas ó [[Winston Churchill]], a bhí freagrach as na coilíneachtaí i rialtas na Breataine ag an am, go páirteach mar fhreagra ar chíréibeacha a tharla sa Phalaistín in 1921. Dhearbhaigh sé arís an gealltanas a tugadh i n[[Dearbhú Balfour, 1917|Dearbhú Balfour]] (1917) baile náisiúnta Giúdach<ref>Béarla: ''Jewish national home''.</ref> a bhunú sa Phalaistín, ach leag sé béim air nach mbrúfaí náisiúntacht Ghiúdach ar mhuintir Arabach na Palaistíne. Chun an teannas idir an dá phobal a laghdú, moladh ann teorainn a chur leis an inimirce Ghiúdach, de réir mar a bheadh geilleagar na tíre in ann daoine nua a ghlacadh isteach.<ref name="enChurchill" /> Is é Páipéar Bán 1939 (Cmd. 6019) an ceann is cáiliúla díobh, b'fhéidir. D'fhoilsigh rialtas [[Neville Chamberlain]] é mar fhreagra ar éirí amach na nArabach sa Phalaistín (1936–1939), agus cheadaigh [[Teach na dTeachtaí, An Ríocht Aontaithe|Teach na dTeachtaí]] é go foirmiúil ar an 23 Bealtaine 1939. Diúltaíodh ann don smaoineamh an Phalaistín a chríochdheighilt, agus moladh stát neamhspleách a bhunú taobh istigh de dheich mbliana, ina roinnfí an chumhacht idir na Giúdaigh agus na hArabaigh. Ina theannta sin, cuireadh srian ar an inimirce Ghiúdach: ní ligfí isteach ach 75,000 Giúdach sa tréimhse cúig bliana a bhí le teacht, agus ina dhiaidh sin is é an tromlach Arabach a shocródh an mbeadh tuilleadh inimirce ann.<ref name="en1939">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=White Paper of 1939|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Dhiúltaigh grúpaí [[Síónachas|Síónacha]] sa Phalaistín don pháipéar bán láithreach.<ref name="en1939" /> In [[Iosrael]], is mar "An Páipéar Bán" a chuimhnítear air go fóill – ''HaSefer HaLavan'' san [[An Eabhrais|Eabhrais]], "An Leabhar Bán" go litriúil.<ref name="enWP" /> Léiriú maith ar an gcaoi a n-eascraíonn reachtaíocht as páipéir den chineál seo is ea an tAcht Oideachais a ritheadh do Shasana agus don Bhreatain Bheag sa bhliain 1944. Bhí sé bunaithe ar pháipéar bán na bliana 1943, ''Educational Reconstruction'', agus bhí an páipéar bán sin féin bunaithe ar mheabhrán dar teideal ''Education After the War'', a scaipeadh ar dhaoine roghnaithe i mí an Mheithimh 1941.<ref name="enEdu">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Education Act 1944|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_Act_1944|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Tugadh an ''Green Book'' ("an Leabhar Uaine") ar an meabhrán sin mar gheall ar dhath a chlúdaigh,<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herwald_Ramsbotham,_1st_Viscount_Soulbury|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> agus deirtear gurb as sin a tháinig an téarma ''green paper''.<ref name="enGP">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Green paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ó 1945 i leith, dar le ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', úsáidtear an téarma ''páipéar bán'' do dhoiciméid a léiríonn cinntí an rialtais i réimsí tábhachtacha den bheartas poiblí. Deir an leabhar céanna gur sa bhliain 1967 a d'eisigh rialtas de chuid [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (an Ríocht Aontaithe)|Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]] sa Bhreatain doiciméad comhairleach ar cheist thábhachtach, toisc gur theastaigh uaidh tuairimí an phobail a fháil sula ndéanfadh sé cinneadh. Tharla go raibh clúdach uaine air, agus is ó shin i leith a thugtar páipéir uaine ar dhoiciméid chomhairliúcháin den chineál sin.<ref name="Ciste154" /> I mí Aibreáin na bliana sin, chuir rialtas [[Harold Wilson]] páipéar uaine faoi bhráid na Parlaiminte le haghaidh plé, inar moladh préimh sheachtainiúil a íoc le fostóirí in earnáil na déantúsaíochta as gach fostaí a bhí acu i réigiúin a raibh dífhostaíocht ard iontu.<ref name="hansard1967">{{Cite web-en|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1967/apr/24/problems-of-the-regions|title=Problems of the Regions|publisher=Hansard, House of Commons|date=1967-04-24|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Sa bhliain 1971, dúirt [[Tony Benn]] gur shíl sé gurbh é sin an chéad pháipéar uaine a foilsíodh riamh.<ref>Béarla: ''"After having published a Green Paper on it—I think that it was the first Green Paper to be published—..."'' {{Cite web-en|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1971/apr/05/budget-resolutions-and-economic-situation|title=Budget Resolutions and Economic Situation|publisher=Hansard, House of Commons|date=1971-04-05|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Bhí tionchar mór ag roinnt páipéar bán ar stair na Breataine. Sa Pháipéar Bán Cosanta 1966, mar shampla, d'fhógair rialtas Wilson ciorruithe móra ar an mbuiséad cosanta, agus mar thoradh ar na forlíontaí a foilsíodh leis in 1967 agus sa bhliain 1968, tharraing an Bhreatain siar a cuid fórsaí a bhí lonnaithe soir ó [[Canáil Shuais|Chanáil Shuais]]. Ba é sin deireadh a róil mhíleata ar fud an domhain.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=1966 Defence White Paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Defence_White_Paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ar an taobh eile, níor achtaíodh riamh na moltaí a bhí sa pháipéar bán ''In Place of Strife'' (Cmnd. 3888, 1969). Mhol Barbara Castle, an tAire a bhí freagrach as an bhfostaíocht, srian a chur ar chumhacht na gceardchumann, mar shampla trí cheangal a chur orthu ballóid a reáchtáil sula rachaidís ar stailc. Bhí an Chomh-aireacht scoilte faoi na moltaí, agus tarraingíodh siar iad tar éis do rialtas Wilson socrú a dhéanamh leis na ceardchumainn; ach bhí tionchar acu ar reachtaíocht a ritheadh in 1974.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=In Place of Strife|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Place_of_Strife|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> === Tuaisceart Éireann === Bhí páipéir bhána agus páipéir uaine lárnach freisin sna hiarrachtaí a rinne rialtas na Breataine socrú polaitiúil a aimsiú i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] le linn [[Na Trioblóidí|na dTrioblóidí]]. Sa bhliain 1972, d'fhoilsigh rialtas na Breataine páipéar uaine, ''The Future of Northern Ireland: A Paper for Discussion'', ina ndúradh go gcaithfeadh aon socrú seasamh Thuaisceart Éireann laistigh d'Éirinn ina hiomláine a aithint – an "diminsean Éireannach".<ref>Béarla: ''Irish dimension''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/Irish%20dimension/|title=Irish dimension|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/hmso/nio1972.htm|title=The Future of Northern Ireland: A Paper for Discussion (Green Paper; 1972)|publisher=CAIN, Ulster University|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ansin, ar an 20 Márta 1973, foilsíodh páipéar bán, ''Northern Ireland Constitutional Proposals'' (Cmnd. 5259), inar moladh tionól nua ocht mball is seachtó, a thoghfaí trí [[ionadaíocht chionmhar]]. Choinneodh rialtas na Breataine smacht ar an dlí agus ar an ord, agus ar an airgeadas, agus bheadh ról comhairleach ag Comhairle na hÉireann, a mbeadh baill inti ó Rialtas na hÉireann, ó Dháil Éireann agus ó institiúidí nua Thuaisceart Éireann.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/hmso/cmd5259.htm|title=Northern Ireland Constitutional Proposals (1973)|publisher=CAIN, Ulster University|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref><ref name="enSunningdale">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Sunningdale Agreement|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunningdale_Agreement|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Rinneadh dlí den bhille a d'eascair as an bpáipéar bán ar an 3 Bealtaine 1973, agus toghadh [[Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann (1973)|an Tionól nua]] ar an 28 Meitheamh. Ar an 9 Nollaig na bliana sin, síníodh [[Comhaontú Sunningdale]].<ref name="enSunningdale" /> === Ceanada === I gCeanada, is doiciméad beartais é páipéar bán a fhaomhann an Chomh-aireacht, a leagtar faoi bhráid na parlaiminte agus a chuirtear ar fáil don phobal.<ref name="enWP" /> Go minic, is é an páipéar bán a d'fhoilsigh rialtas Pierre Trudeau in 1969 faoi bheartas an rialtais i leith na bpobal dúchasach a bhíonn i gceist le "an Páipéar Bán". Mhol sé deireadh a chur le gach idirdhealú dlíthiúil idir na pobail dhúchasacha agus saoránaigh eile Cheanada, agus na Chéad Náisiúin<ref>Béarla: ''First Nations''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/First%20Nations/|title=First Nations|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> a chomhshamhlú leis an gcuid eile den daonra.<ref name="enWP" /><ref name="en1969">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=1969 White Paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_White_Paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Cáineadh go forleathan é: d'fhoilsigh ceannairí dúchasacha freagra dar teideal ''Citizens Plus'', ar a dtugtaí an "Páipéar Dearg", agus tarraingíodh siar an páipéar bán sa bhliain 1970.<ref name="en1969" /> === An tAontas Eorpach === Foilsíonn an [[An Coimisiún Eorpach|Coimisiún Eorpach]] páipéir bhána agus páipéir uaine freisin. Doiciméid is ea páipéir bhána an Choimisiúin ina mbíonn tograí le haghaidh ghníomhaíocht an Aontais i réimse faoi leith, agus is minic a leanann siad as páipéar uaine a foilsíodh chun próiseas comhairliúcháin a chur ar bun ar leibhéal an Aontais. Is é is aidhm le páipéar bán díospóireacht a spreagadh leis an bpobal, le páirtithe leasmhara, le [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] agus le [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh|Comhairle an Aontais]], d'fhonn teacht ar chomhdhearcadh polaitiúil.<ref name="eurlexPB">{{Cite web-en|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/GA/legal-content/glossary/white-paper.html|title=Páipéar Bán|publisher=EUR-Lex|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Bíonn páipéar uaine ar oscailt d'aighneachtaí ó pháirtithe leasmhara ar feadh dhá sheachtain déag ar a laghad.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/GA/legal-content/glossary/green-paper.html|title=Páipéar uaine|publisher=EUR-Lex|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ar cheann de na páipéir bhána is mó tionchar a d'fhoilsigh an Coimisiún tá an Páipéar Bán maidir le comhlánú an mhargaidh inmheánaigh<ref name="tearmaPB" /> (1985). De réir ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', bhí liosta ann de thart ar 300 beart ba ghá a dhéanamh chun deireadh a chur leis na bacainní neamhtharaifí<ref>Béarla: ''non-tariff barriers''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/non-tariff%20barrier/|title=non-tariff barrier|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> ar thrádáil agus fíormhargadh inmheánach a bhunú, agus glacadh leis san [[Ionstraim Eorpach Aonair]] go gcuirfí na bearta sin go léir i bhfeidhm faoin 31 Nollaig 1992.<ref name="Ciste57">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=57}}</ref> Ba é an Tiarna Cockfield, an Coimisinéir a bhí freagrach as an margadh inmheánach i gCoimisiún Jacques Delors, a dhréachtaigh é.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=European single market|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_single_market|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Single European Act|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_European_Act|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Níos déanaí, d'fhoilsigh an Coimisiún an Páipéar Bán maidir le todhchaí na hEorpa (2017), inar leagadh amach cásanna éagsúla don Aontas, ina mbeadh seacht mballstát is fiche, faoin mbliain 2025.<ref name="eurlexPB" /> [[Íomhá:James O'Reilly receiving the first degree from T.K. Whitaker, chancellor NUI (9304848895) (cropped).jpg|mion|288x288px|[[T. K. Whitaker]] in 1977]] == Éire == Ar cheann de na páipéir bhána is mó tionchar i stair an Stáit tá an Chéad Chlár um Fhorleathnú Eacnamaíoch<ref>Béarla: ''First Programme for Economic Expansion''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/Programme%20for%20Economic%20Expansion/|title=Programme for Economic Expansion|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref>, a foilsíodh ar an 11 Samhain 1958. Bhí sé bunaithe ar staidéar mionsonraithe ar an ngeilleagar a rinne [[T. K. Whitaker]], Rúnaí na Roinne Airgeadais, agus foireann oifigeach sa Roinn; ghlac an Rialtas leis an bplean, agus rinneadh páipéar bán de.<ref name="enWhitaker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=T. K. Whitaker|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._K._Whitaker|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ag an am sin, bhí an geilleagar i ndrochbhail, agus bhí ráta ard dífhostaíochta agus imirce sa tír. Chreid Whitaker go mbeadh an tsaorthrádáil dosheachanta, agus go gcaithfí poist a chruthú sa tionscal agus sna seirbhísí seachas sa talmhaíocht; dar le go leor, ba é an clár a spreag an infheistíocht ón iasacht i ngeilleagar na hÉireann.<ref name="enWhitaker" /> Sa bhliain 1965, d'fhoilsigh an Rialtas ''Athbheochan na Gaeilge'', páipéar bán inar leagadh amach "beartas ginearálta an Rialtais i leith na Gaeilge", bunaithe ar an 288 moladh a bhí déanta ag an gCoimisiún um Athbheochan na Gaeilge.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/82/4/saor-go-haer/|title=Saor go haer|author=Donncha Ó hÉallaithe|publisher=Comhar|date=2022-04|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Phléigh [[Seanad Éireann]] an Páipéar Bán um Athbheochan na Gaeilge, mar a tugadh air, i mí na Samhna 1965,<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/ga/debates/debate/seanad/1965-11-10/|title=Seanad Éireann – Dé Céadaoin, 10 Samhain 1965: Páipéar Bán um Athbheochan na Gaeilge|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=1965-11-10|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> agus d'fhoilsigh an Rialtas tuarascálacha ina dhiaidh sin ar an dul chun cinn a bhí déanta, a leagadh faoi bhráid gach Tí den Oireachtas.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An Páipéar Bán um Athbheochan na Gaeilge: Tuarascáil don Tréimhse dar Chríoch 31 Márta, 1968|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1969|oclc=22264986}}</ref> De réir ainm.ie, d'éirigh le [[Máirtín Ó Cadhain]] cóip den pháipéar bán a fháil go neamhdhleathach sular foilsíodh é, agus lot sé cibé ócáid phoiblíochta a bhí beartaithe.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=413|title=Ó CADHAIN, Máirtín (1906–1970)|publisher=ainm.ie|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> De réir ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', d'fhógair an Rialtas i bpáipéar bán mhí Dheireadh Fómhair 1984, ''Ag Tógáil ar an Réadúlacht''<ref>Béarla: ''Building on Reality 1985–1987''.</ref>, go mbunófaí crannchur náisiúnta. Ritheadh an tAcht chuige sin i mí Iúil 1986, agus fuair [[An Post]] an saincheadúnas chun an crannchur a reáchtáil.<ref name="Ciste273">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=273}}</ref> Chuaigh [[An Crannchur Náisiúnta|an Crannchur Náisiúnta]] i mbun oibre ar an 23 Márta 1987.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=National Lottery (Ireland)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lottery_(Ireland)|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Is minic a bhíonn próiseas fada comhairliúcháin ann sula bhfoilsítear páipéar bán. Mar shampla, tháinig an páipéar bán ar fhorbairt tuaithe, ''Ag Soláthar don Todhchaí'' (1999), as próiseas comhairliúcháin leathanbhunaithe a mhair tréimhse fhada.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://assets.gov.ie/static/documents/delivering-for-the-future-a-strategy-for-rural-development-in-ireland.pdf|title=Ag Soláthar don Todhchaí: Straitéis d'Fhorbairt Tuaithe in Éirinn – Páipéar Bán ar Fhorbairt Tuaithe|publisher=gov.ie|date=1999|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Foilsíodh an chéad Pháipéar Bán ar Chosaint i stair an Stáit sa bhliain 2000. In 2013, mar gheall ar athruithe suntasacha sa timpeallacht slándála, chuir an Rialtas tús le páipéar bán nua a ullmhú, agus d'fhoilsigh sé an chéad Pháipéar Glas ar Chosaint; fuarthas 122 aighneacht mar fhreagra air. D'fhaomh an Rialtas an Páipéar Bán ar Chosaint nua i mí Iúil 2015. Leag sé amach creat do bheartas cosanta na tíre go dtí 2025, agus foilsíodh uasdátú air in 2019.<ref name="def2019" /><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://assets.gov.ie/static/documents/paipear-ban-maidir-le-cosaint.pdf|title=An Páipéar Bán ar Chosaint|publisher=An Roinn Cosanta|date=2015-08|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> I measc na bpáipéar bán eile le blianta beaga anuas tá an Páipéar Bán ar an bhFiontraíocht 2022–2030, a d'ullmhaigh an Roinn Fiontar, Trádála agus Fostaíochta.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/publications/publication-files/paipear-ban-ar-an-bhfiontraiocht-2022-2030.pdf|title=Páipéar Bán ar an bhFiontraíocht 2022–2030|publisher=An Roinn Fiontar, Trádála agus Fostaíochta|date=2022-12|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Gach bliain, ar an deireadh seachtaine roimh an m[[Buiséad (rialtais)|Buiséad]], foilsíonn an [[An Roinn Airgeadais|Roinn Airgeadais]] an Páipéar Bán ar Fháltais agus Caiteachas, ina leagtar amach an t-ioncam agus an caiteachas náisiúnta a mheastar don bhliain reatha agus don bhliain dár gcionn, ar bhonn réamh-Bhuiséid.<ref name="Achomair" /> Ar an 29 Iúil 2026, d'fhógair an tAire Aeráide, Fuinnimh agus Comhshaoil, [[Darragh O'Brien]], go raibh tús curtha le páipéar bán nua ar earnáil na cumhachta in Éirinn – giniúint, tarchur, dáileadh agus rialáil leictreachais. Leagfar amach ann fís fhadtéarmach don earnáil go dtí 2050, agus creat do bheartas, do reachtaíocht agus d'infheistíocht amach anseo.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.gov.ie/ga/an-roinn-aer%C3%A1ide-fuinnimh-agus-comhshaoil/preaseisiuinti/minister-obrien-embarks-on-key-white-paper-setting-out-long-term-vision-for-power-sector/|title=Tugann an tAire O'Brien faoi Pháipéar Bán tábhachtach – ina leagtar amach fís fhadtéarmach d'earnáil na cumhachta|publisher=An Roinn Aeráide, Fuinnimh agus Comhshaoil|date=2026-07-29|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> == Sa saol gnó agus san acadamh == Ó na 1990idí i leith, is mar uirlis mhargaíochta is mó a úsáidtear páipéir bhána sa saol gnó, agus is iad na comhlachtaí a dhíolann táirgí agus seirbhísí le gnólachtaí eile (gnólacht le gnólacht<ref>Béarla: ''business-to-business'' (B2B). {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/business-to-business/|title=business-to-business|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref>) is mó a fhoilsíonn iad. Doiciméid fhada iad a úsáideann fíricí roghnaithe agus argóintí loighciúla chun a chur ina luí ar an léitheoir go bhfuil táirge, teicneolaíocht nó modh oibre áirithe níos fearr ná aon cheann eile chun fadhb ghnó a réiteach. Úsáidtear iad chun custaiméirí nua a mhealladh agus chun creidiúnacht an chomhlachta a fhorbairt.<ref name="enWP" /> Is féidir trí chineál a aithint: cur síos ar ghnéithe agus ar bhuntáistí táirge nó seirbhíse áirithe; liosta uimhrithe de leideanna, de cheisteanna nó de phointí faoi cheist ghnó; agus anailís ar fhadhb a bhaineann le hearnáil iomlán, mar aon le réiteach nua uirthi.<ref name="enWP" /> Is féidir iad a mheas mar chineál de litríocht liath<ref>Béarla: ''grey literature''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/grey%20literature/|title=grey literature|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> freisin.<ref name="enWP" /> Úsáidtear páipéir bhána sa saol acadúil freisin, chun torthaí taighde a chur i láthair, i réimsí mar an ríomheolaíocht, an chripteagrafaíocht<ref>Béarla: ''cryptography''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/cryptography/|title=cryptography|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref>, an mhatamaitic agus an leigheas.<ref name="enWP" /> Ar cheann de na páipéir bhána is cáiliúla san aonú haois is fiche tá ''Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System'', a foilsíodh faoin ainm bréige Satoshi Nakamoto. Ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 2008, scaipeadh nasc chuige trí ríomhphost i measc lucht spéise sa chripteagrafaíocht. Rinneadh cur síos ann ar chóras d'idirbhearta leictreonacha nach mbeadh ag brath ar mhuinín, agus cuireadh an líonra [[Bitcoin]] ar bun ar an 3 Eanáir 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=History of bitcoin|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bitcoin|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Oifig an tSoláthair]] * [[Acht parlaiminte]] * [[Buiséad (rialtais)]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Paipear ban}} [[Catagóir:Páipéir bhána| ]] [[Catagóir:Polasaí poiblí]] [[Catagóir:Cáipéisí]] [[Catagóir:Margaíocht]] q8ov5zh7awczyq5c1hstgu1xmgqy1f7 1331837 1331836 2026-11-04T22:21:50Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[White paper]] go [[Páipéar bán]] 1331836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Le haghaidh|an phaimfléid le Máirtín Ó Cadhain|Páipéir Bhána agus Páipéir Bhreaca}}[[Íomhá:1939 White Paper cmd 6019.djvu|page=1|mion|220px|Leathanach teidil an pháipéir bháin faoin bPalaistín a d'fhoilsigh rialtas na Breataine i mí na Bealtaine 1939 (Cmd. 6019). Cuireadh faoi bhráid na Parlaiminte é ''by Command of His Majesty'', mar pháipéar ceannais.]] Is éard is '''páipéar bán'''<ref name="tearmaPB">Béarla: ''white paper''. Ainmfhocal firinscneach den chéad díochlaonadh é ''páipéar''; is é ''páipéir bhána'' an t-iolra. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/white%20paper/|title=white paper|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> ann ná doiciméad oifigiúil ina leagann rialtas amach a bheartas i leith ceiste áirithe, nó na moltaí atá aige le haghaidh reachtaíochta nua.<ref name="ukWP">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/white-paper/|title=White Papers|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Uaireanta, bíonn dréacht de bhille ann. Bíonn an páipéar bán ina bhonn le haghaidh tuilleadh comhairliúcháin agus plé leis na dreamanna a bhfuil baint acu leis an gceist, ionas gur féidir athruithe deiridh a dhéanamh sula dtugtar an bille isteach sa pharlaimint go foirmiúil.<ref name="ukWP" /> Ina choinne sin, is doiciméad comhairliúcháin<ref>Béarla: ''consultation document''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/consultation%20document/|title=consultation document|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> é an '''páipéar uaine'''<ref name="tearmaPU">Béarla: ''green paper''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/green%20paper/|title=green paper|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref>: cuireann an rialtas moltaí faoi bhráid an phobail ann, le go bhféadfaidh daoine laistigh agus lasmuigh den pharlaimint aiseolas a thabhairt orthu sula socraítear an beartas.<ref name="ukGP">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/green-papers/|title=Green Papers|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Úsáidtear an leagan '''páipéar glas''' freisin i ndoiciméid oifigiúla.<ref name="def2019">{{Cite web-en|url=https://assets.gov.ie/44326/3dd33fa8659d4cc89aa3eb022542bbd2.pdf|title=Páipéar Bán ar Chosaint: Uasdátú 2019|publisher=An Roinn Cosanta|date=2019|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Is ó dhath an chlúdaigh, nó ó dhath an pháipéir féin, a thagann na hainmneacha.<ref name="enWP">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=White paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref><ref name="Ciste154">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=154–155}}</ref> Sa saol gnó, tugtar páipéar bán freisin ar thuarascáil a mhíníonn ceist chasta agus a chuireann dearcadh an fhoilsitheora chun cinn, go minic chun táirge nó seirbhís a dhíol.<ref name="enWP" /> In Éirinn, is ráiteas é páipéar bán faoi bheartas an rialtais a fhoilsíonn [[Oifig an tSoláthair]].<ref name="Ciste154" /> Foilsítear páipéir bhána ar ábhair éagsúla, ón ngeilleagar agus ón nGaeilge go dtí an chosaint agus an fuinneamh, agus eisíonn an Roinn Airgeadais páipéar bán gach bliain roimh an mBuiséad.<ref name="Achomair">{{Cite web-en|url=https://assets.gov.ie/static/documents/cc1e2e31/Your_Guide_to_Budget_2027_Irish.pdf|title=An Buiséad go hAchomair 2027: Do Threoir don Bhuiséad|publisher=An Roinn Caiteachais Phoiblí, Bonneagair, Athchóiriúcháin Seirbhíse Poiblí agus Digitiúcháin|date=2026-10|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref>[[Íomhá:Churchill White Paper Correspondence with the Palestine Arab Delegation and the Zionist Organisation. Presented to Parliament by Command of His Majesty June, 1922.djvu|page=1|mion|220px|Páipéar Bán Churchill (Cmd. 1700), Meitheamh 1922 – ceann de na samplaí is luaithe den téarma.]] [[Íomhá:Jewish protest demonstrations against Palestine White Paper, May 18, 1939. King George Ave, Jerusalem.jpg|mion|220px|Agóid Ghiúdach in aghaidh an pháipéir bháin in [[Iarúsailéim]], 18 Bealtaine 1939.]] [[Íomhá:Green paper about retail financial services.pdf|page=1|mion|220px|An Páipéar Uaine maidir le seirbhísí airgeadais miondíola a d'fhoilsigh an [[An Coimisiún Eorpach|Coimisiún Eorpach]] i mí na Nollag 2015.]] [[Íomhá:Bitcoin-whitepaper-poster page-0001.jpg|mion|220px|An páipéar bán ''Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System'' (2008), a foilsíodh faoin ainm bréige Satoshi Nakamoto.]] == Sanasaíocht == Is ón Laidin ''papyrus'' a thagann an focal ''[[páipéar]]'', agus is ón nGréigis a fuair na Rómhánaigh é. Chiallaigh an focal Gréigise an ghiolcach a fhásann cois abhainn na Níle, mar is ó na hÉigiptigh a d'fhoghlaim na Gréagaigh conas páipéar a dhéanamh.<ref name="Ciste154" /> Is ó nós a d'fhás i bParlaimint na Breataine sa naoú haois déag a thagann an téarma ''páipéar bán''. San am sin, cuireadh tuarascálacha oifigiúla agus doiciméid thromchúiseacha eile i gcló ar pháipéar bán, agus cuireadh faoi bhráid na Parlaiminte iad faoi chlúdaigh láidre ghorma; ''leabhair ghorma''<ref>Béarla: ''blue books''. Tugann téarma.ie ''na Leabhair Ghorma'' ar ''the Blue Books'' sa stair. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/blue%20book/|title=blue book|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> a thugtaí orthu. Ní raibh gá le clúdach chomh láidir sin ar ráitis bheartais a bhí níos giorra, agus cuireadh amach iad sin ar pháipéar bán amháin, gan chlúdach. Mar sin, ''páipéir bhána'' a tugadh orthu.<ref name="Ciste154" /> Dar le foinsí eile, is go luath san fhichiú haois a tháinig an téarma in úsáid, mar ainm ar pháipéar seasaimh<ref>Béarla: ''position paper''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/position%20paper/|title=position paper|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> nó ar thuarascáil a d'fhoilsigh roinn de chuid rialtas na Breataine, agus ''páipéir cheannais'' a thugtaí ar an gcineál sin doiciméid roimhe sin.<ref name="enWP" /> Is minic, fós, a fhoilsítear páipéir bhána mar pháipéir cheannais<ref name="tearmaCP">Béarla: ''command papers''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/command%20paper/|title=command paper|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> sa [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|Ríocht Aontaithe]]: cuirtear faoi bhráid na Parlaiminte iad "le hordú an Rí" (nó na Banríona), agus tugtar uimhir dóibh in ord leanúnach.<ref name="ukWP" /><ref name="ukCP">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/command-papers/|title=Command Papers|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ó 1870 i leith, cuirtear giorrúchán den fhocal Béarla ''command'' roimh an uimhir, mar shampla ''Cmd.'' nó ''Cmnd.'', agus athraíodh an giorrúchán ó am go chéile chun sraith nua uimhreacha a thosú.<ref name="enCP">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Command paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Dar le ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', ní bhaineann dath an pháipéir ná dath an chlúdaigh le hábhar an doiciméid a thuilleadh.<ref name="Ciste154" /> == Stair == === An Ríocht Aontaithe === Ar cheann de na samplaí is luaithe den téarma tá Páipéar Bán Churchill (Cmd. 1700), a foilsíodh ar an 3 Meitheamh 1922.<ref name="enWP" /><ref name="enChurchill">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Churchill White Paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Dréachtaíodh é ar iarratas ó [[Winston Churchill]], a bhí freagrach as na coilíneachtaí i rialtas na Breataine ag an am, go páirteach mar fhreagra ar chíréibeacha a tharla sa Phalaistín in 1921. Dhearbhaigh sé arís an gealltanas a tugadh i n[[Dearbhú Balfour, 1917|Dearbhú Balfour]] (1917) baile náisiúnta Giúdach<ref>Béarla: ''Jewish national home''.</ref> a bhunú sa Phalaistín, ach leag sé béim air nach mbrúfaí náisiúntacht Ghiúdach ar mhuintir Arabach na Palaistíne. Chun an teannas idir an dá phobal a laghdú, moladh ann teorainn a chur leis an inimirce Ghiúdach, de réir mar a bheadh geilleagar na tíre in ann daoine nua a ghlacadh isteach.<ref name="enChurchill" /> Is é Páipéar Bán 1939 (Cmd. 6019) an ceann is cáiliúla díobh, b'fhéidir. D'fhoilsigh rialtas [[Neville Chamberlain]] é mar fhreagra ar éirí amach na nArabach sa Phalaistín (1936–1939), agus cheadaigh [[Teach na dTeachtaí, An Ríocht Aontaithe|Teach na dTeachtaí]] é go foirmiúil ar an 23 Bealtaine 1939. Diúltaíodh ann don smaoineamh an Phalaistín a chríochdheighilt, agus moladh stát neamhspleách a bhunú taobh istigh de dheich mbliana, ina roinnfí an chumhacht idir na Giúdaigh agus na hArabaigh. Ina theannta sin, cuireadh srian ar an inimirce Ghiúdach: ní ligfí isteach ach 75,000 Giúdach sa tréimhse cúig bliana a bhí le teacht, agus ina dhiaidh sin is é an tromlach Arabach a shocródh an mbeadh tuilleadh inimirce ann.<ref name="en1939">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=White Paper of 1939|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Dhiúltaigh grúpaí [[Síónachas|Síónacha]] sa Phalaistín don pháipéar bán láithreach.<ref name="en1939" /> In [[Iosrael]], is mar "An Páipéar Bán" a chuimhnítear air go fóill – ''HaSefer HaLavan'' san [[An Eabhrais|Eabhrais]], "An Leabhar Bán" go litriúil.<ref name="enWP" /> Léiriú maith ar an gcaoi a n-eascraíonn reachtaíocht as páipéir den chineál seo is ea an tAcht Oideachais a ritheadh do Shasana agus don Bhreatain Bheag sa bhliain 1944. Bhí sé bunaithe ar pháipéar bán na bliana 1943, ''Educational Reconstruction'', agus bhí an páipéar bán sin féin bunaithe ar mheabhrán dar teideal ''Education After the War'', a scaipeadh ar dhaoine roghnaithe i mí an Mheithimh 1941.<ref name="enEdu">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Education Act 1944|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_Act_1944|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Tugadh an ''Green Book'' ("an Leabhar Uaine") ar an meabhrán sin mar gheall ar dhath a chlúdaigh,<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herwald_Ramsbotham,_1st_Viscount_Soulbury|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> agus deirtear gurb as sin a tháinig an téarma ''green paper''.<ref name="enGP">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Green paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ó 1945 i leith, dar le ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', úsáidtear an téarma ''páipéar bán'' do dhoiciméid a léiríonn cinntí an rialtais i réimsí tábhachtacha den bheartas poiblí. Deir an leabhar céanna gur sa bhliain 1967 a d'eisigh rialtas de chuid [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (an Ríocht Aontaithe)|Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]] sa Bhreatain doiciméad comhairleach ar cheist thábhachtach, toisc gur theastaigh uaidh tuairimí an phobail a fháil sula ndéanfadh sé cinneadh. Tharla go raibh clúdach uaine air, agus is ó shin i leith a thugtar páipéir uaine ar dhoiciméid chomhairliúcháin den chineál sin.<ref name="Ciste154" /> I mí Aibreáin na bliana sin, chuir rialtas [[Harold Wilson]] páipéar uaine faoi bhráid na Parlaiminte le haghaidh plé, inar moladh préimh sheachtainiúil a íoc le fostóirí in earnáil na déantúsaíochta as gach fostaí a bhí acu i réigiúin a raibh dífhostaíocht ard iontu.<ref name="hansard1967">{{Cite web-en|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1967/apr/24/problems-of-the-regions|title=Problems of the Regions|publisher=Hansard, House of Commons|date=1967-04-24|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Sa bhliain 1971, dúirt [[Tony Benn]] gur shíl sé gurbh é sin an chéad pháipéar uaine a foilsíodh riamh.<ref>Béarla: ''"After having published a Green Paper on it—I think that it was the first Green Paper to be published—..."'' {{Cite web-en|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1971/apr/05/budget-resolutions-and-economic-situation|title=Budget Resolutions and Economic Situation|publisher=Hansard, House of Commons|date=1971-04-05|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Bhí tionchar mór ag roinnt páipéar bán ar stair na Breataine. Sa Pháipéar Bán Cosanta 1966, mar shampla, d'fhógair rialtas Wilson ciorruithe móra ar an mbuiséad cosanta, agus mar thoradh ar na forlíontaí a foilsíodh leis in 1967 agus sa bhliain 1968, tharraing an Bhreatain siar a cuid fórsaí a bhí lonnaithe soir ó [[Canáil Shuais|Chanáil Shuais]]. Ba é sin deireadh a róil mhíleata ar fud an domhain.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=1966 Defence White Paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Defence_White_Paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ar an taobh eile, níor achtaíodh riamh na moltaí a bhí sa pháipéar bán ''In Place of Strife'' (Cmnd. 3888, 1969). Mhol Barbara Castle, an tAire a bhí freagrach as an bhfostaíocht, srian a chur ar chumhacht na gceardchumann, mar shampla trí cheangal a chur orthu ballóid a reáchtáil sula rachaidís ar stailc. Bhí an Chomh-aireacht scoilte faoi na moltaí, agus tarraingíodh siar iad tar éis do rialtas Wilson socrú a dhéanamh leis na ceardchumainn; ach bhí tionchar acu ar reachtaíocht a ritheadh in 1974.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=In Place of Strife|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Place_of_Strife|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> === Tuaisceart Éireann === Bhí páipéir bhána agus páipéir uaine lárnach freisin sna hiarrachtaí a rinne rialtas na Breataine socrú polaitiúil a aimsiú i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] le linn [[Na Trioblóidí|na dTrioblóidí]]. Sa bhliain 1972, d'fhoilsigh rialtas na Breataine páipéar uaine, ''The Future of Northern Ireland: A Paper for Discussion'', ina ndúradh go gcaithfeadh aon socrú seasamh Thuaisceart Éireann laistigh d'Éirinn ina hiomláine a aithint – an "diminsean Éireannach".<ref>Béarla: ''Irish dimension''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/Irish%20dimension/|title=Irish dimension|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/hmso/nio1972.htm|title=The Future of Northern Ireland: A Paper for Discussion (Green Paper; 1972)|publisher=CAIN, Ulster University|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ansin, ar an 20 Márta 1973, foilsíodh páipéar bán, ''Northern Ireland Constitutional Proposals'' (Cmnd. 5259), inar moladh tionól nua ocht mball is seachtó, a thoghfaí trí [[ionadaíocht chionmhar]]. Choinneodh rialtas na Breataine smacht ar an dlí agus ar an ord, agus ar an airgeadas, agus bheadh ról comhairleach ag Comhairle na hÉireann, a mbeadh baill inti ó Rialtas na hÉireann, ó Dháil Éireann agus ó institiúidí nua Thuaisceart Éireann.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/hmso/cmd5259.htm|title=Northern Ireland Constitutional Proposals (1973)|publisher=CAIN, Ulster University|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref><ref name="enSunningdale">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Sunningdale Agreement|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunningdale_Agreement|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Rinneadh dlí den bhille a d'eascair as an bpáipéar bán ar an 3 Bealtaine 1973, agus toghadh [[Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann (1973)|an Tionól nua]] ar an 28 Meitheamh. Ar an 9 Nollaig na bliana sin, síníodh [[Comhaontú Sunningdale]].<ref name="enSunningdale" /> === Ceanada === I gCeanada, is doiciméad beartais é páipéar bán a fhaomhann an Chomh-aireacht, a leagtar faoi bhráid na parlaiminte agus a chuirtear ar fáil don phobal.<ref name="enWP" /> Go minic, is é an páipéar bán a d'fhoilsigh rialtas Pierre Trudeau in 1969 faoi bheartas an rialtais i leith na bpobal dúchasach a bhíonn i gceist le "an Páipéar Bán". Mhol sé deireadh a chur le gach idirdhealú dlíthiúil idir na pobail dhúchasacha agus saoránaigh eile Cheanada, agus na Chéad Náisiúin<ref>Béarla: ''First Nations''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/First%20Nations/|title=First Nations|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> a chomhshamhlú leis an gcuid eile den daonra.<ref name="enWP" /><ref name="en1969">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=1969 White Paper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_White_Paper|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Cáineadh go forleathan é: d'fhoilsigh ceannairí dúchasacha freagra dar teideal ''Citizens Plus'', ar a dtugtaí an "Páipéar Dearg", agus tarraingíodh siar an páipéar bán sa bhliain 1970.<ref name="en1969" /> === An tAontas Eorpach === Foilsíonn an [[An Coimisiún Eorpach|Coimisiún Eorpach]] páipéir bhána agus páipéir uaine freisin. Doiciméid is ea páipéir bhána an Choimisiúin ina mbíonn tograí le haghaidh ghníomhaíocht an Aontais i réimse faoi leith, agus is minic a leanann siad as páipéar uaine a foilsíodh chun próiseas comhairliúcháin a chur ar bun ar leibhéal an Aontais. Is é is aidhm le páipéar bán díospóireacht a spreagadh leis an bpobal, le páirtithe leasmhara, le [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]] agus le [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh|Comhairle an Aontais]], d'fhonn teacht ar chomhdhearcadh polaitiúil.<ref name="eurlexPB">{{Cite web-en|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/GA/legal-content/glossary/white-paper.html|title=Páipéar Bán|publisher=EUR-Lex|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Bíonn páipéar uaine ar oscailt d'aighneachtaí ó pháirtithe leasmhara ar feadh dhá sheachtain déag ar a laghad.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/GA/legal-content/glossary/green-paper.html|title=Páipéar uaine|publisher=EUR-Lex|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ar cheann de na páipéir bhána is mó tionchar a d'fhoilsigh an Coimisiún tá an Páipéar Bán maidir le comhlánú an mhargaidh inmheánaigh<ref name="tearmaPB" /> (1985). De réir ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', bhí liosta ann de thart ar 300 beart ba ghá a dhéanamh chun deireadh a chur leis na bacainní neamhtharaifí<ref>Béarla: ''non-tariff barriers''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/non-tariff%20barrier/|title=non-tariff barrier|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> ar thrádáil agus fíormhargadh inmheánach a bhunú, agus glacadh leis san [[Ionstraim Eorpach Aonair]] go gcuirfí na bearta sin go léir i bhfeidhm faoin 31 Nollaig 1992.<ref name="Ciste57">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=57}}</ref> Ba é an Tiarna Cockfield, an Coimisinéir a bhí freagrach as an margadh inmheánach i gCoimisiún Jacques Delors, a dhréachtaigh é.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=European single market|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_single_market|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Single European Act|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_European_Act|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Níos déanaí, d'fhoilsigh an Coimisiún an Páipéar Bán maidir le todhchaí na hEorpa (2017), inar leagadh amach cásanna éagsúla don Aontas, ina mbeadh seacht mballstát is fiche, faoin mbliain 2025.<ref name="eurlexPB" /> [[Íomhá:James O'Reilly receiving the first degree from T.K. Whitaker, chancellor NUI (9304848895) (cropped).jpg|mion|288x288px|[[T. K. Whitaker]] in 1977]] == Éire == Ar cheann de na páipéir bhána is mó tionchar i stair an Stáit tá an Chéad Chlár um Fhorleathnú Eacnamaíoch<ref>Béarla: ''First Programme for Economic Expansion''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/Programme%20for%20Economic%20Expansion/|title=Programme for Economic Expansion|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref>, a foilsíodh ar an 11 Samhain 1958. Bhí sé bunaithe ar staidéar mionsonraithe ar an ngeilleagar a rinne [[T. K. Whitaker]], Rúnaí na Roinne Airgeadais, agus foireann oifigeach sa Roinn; ghlac an Rialtas leis an bplean, agus rinneadh páipéar bán de.<ref name="enWhitaker">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=T. K. Whitaker|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._K._Whitaker|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Ag an am sin, bhí an geilleagar i ndrochbhail, agus bhí ráta ard dífhostaíochta agus imirce sa tír. Chreid Whitaker go mbeadh an tsaorthrádáil dosheachanta, agus go gcaithfí poist a chruthú sa tionscal agus sna seirbhísí seachas sa talmhaíocht; dar le go leor, ba é an clár a spreag an infheistíocht ón iasacht i ngeilleagar na hÉireann.<ref name="enWhitaker" /> Sa bhliain 1965, d'fhoilsigh an Rialtas ''Athbheochan na Gaeilge'', páipéar bán inar leagadh amach "beartas ginearálta an Rialtais i leith na Gaeilge", bunaithe ar an 288 moladh a bhí déanta ag an gCoimisiún um Athbheochan na Gaeilge.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/82/4/saor-go-haer/|title=Saor go haer|author=Donncha Ó hÉallaithe|publisher=Comhar|date=2022-04|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Phléigh [[Seanad Éireann]] an Páipéar Bán um Athbheochan na Gaeilge, mar a tugadh air, i mí na Samhna 1965,<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/ga/debates/debate/seanad/1965-11-10/|title=Seanad Éireann – Dé Céadaoin, 10 Samhain 1965: Páipéar Bán um Athbheochan na Gaeilge|publisher=Tithe an Oireachtais|date=1965-11-10|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> agus d'fhoilsigh an Rialtas tuarascálacha ina dhiaidh sin ar an dul chun cinn a bhí déanta, a leagadh faoi bhráid gach Tí den Oireachtas.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An Páipéar Bán um Athbheochan na Gaeilge: Tuarascáil don Tréimhse dar Chríoch 31 Márta, 1968|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1969|oclc=22264986}}</ref> De réir ainm.ie, d'éirigh le [[Máirtín Ó Cadhain]] cóip den pháipéar bán a fháil go neamhdhleathach sular foilsíodh é, agus lot sé cibé ócáid phoiblíochta a bhí beartaithe.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=413|title=Ó CADHAIN, Máirtín (1906–1970)|publisher=ainm.ie|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> De réir ''Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha'', d'fhógair an Rialtas i bpáipéar bán mhí Dheireadh Fómhair 1984, ''Ag Tógáil ar an Réadúlacht''<ref>Béarla: ''Building on Reality 1985–1987''.</ref>, go mbunófaí crannchur náisiúnta. Ritheadh an tAcht chuige sin i mí Iúil 1986, agus fuair [[An Post]] an saincheadúnas chun an crannchur a reáchtáil.<ref name="Ciste273">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciste Cúrsaí Reatha|author=Jim O'Donnell agus Seán de Fréine|publisher=An Foras Riaracháin|location=Baile Átha Cliath|date=1992|isbn=1-872002-46-3|pages=273}}</ref> Chuaigh [[An Crannchur Náisiúnta|an Crannchur Náisiúnta]] i mbun oibre ar an 23 Márta 1987.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=National Lottery (Ireland)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lottery_(Ireland)|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Is minic a bhíonn próiseas fada comhairliúcháin ann sula bhfoilsítear páipéar bán. Mar shampla, tháinig an páipéar bán ar fhorbairt tuaithe, ''Ag Soláthar don Todhchaí'' (1999), as próiseas comhairliúcháin leathanbhunaithe a mhair tréimhse fhada.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://assets.gov.ie/static/documents/delivering-for-the-future-a-strategy-for-rural-development-in-ireland.pdf|title=Ag Soláthar don Todhchaí: Straitéis d'Fhorbairt Tuaithe in Éirinn – Páipéar Bán ar Fhorbairt Tuaithe|publisher=gov.ie|date=1999|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Foilsíodh an chéad Pháipéar Bán ar Chosaint i stair an Stáit sa bhliain 2000. In 2013, mar gheall ar athruithe suntasacha sa timpeallacht slándála, chuir an Rialtas tús le páipéar bán nua a ullmhú, agus d'fhoilsigh sé an chéad Pháipéar Glas ar Chosaint; fuarthas 122 aighneacht mar fhreagra air. D'fhaomh an Rialtas an Páipéar Bán ar Chosaint nua i mí Iúil 2015. Leag sé amach creat do bheartas cosanta na tíre go dtí 2025, agus foilsíodh uasdátú air in 2019.<ref name="def2019" /><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://assets.gov.ie/static/documents/paipear-ban-maidir-le-cosaint.pdf|title=An Páipéar Bán ar Chosaint|publisher=An Roinn Cosanta|date=2015-08|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> I measc na bpáipéar bán eile le blianta beaga anuas tá an Páipéar Bán ar an bhFiontraíocht 2022–2030, a d'ullmhaigh an Roinn Fiontar, Trádála agus Fostaíochta.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/publications/publication-files/paipear-ban-ar-an-bhfiontraiocht-2022-2030.pdf|title=Páipéar Bán ar an bhFiontraíocht 2022–2030|publisher=An Roinn Fiontar, Trádála agus Fostaíochta|date=2022-12|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Gach bliain, ar an deireadh seachtaine roimh an m[[Buiséad (rialtais)|Buiséad]], foilsíonn an [[An Roinn Airgeadais|Roinn Airgeadais]] an Páipéar Bán ar Fháltais agus Caiteachas, ina leagtar amach an t-ioncam agus an caiteachas náisiúnta a mheastar don bhliain reatha agus don bhliain dár gcionn, ar bhonn réamh-Bhuiséid.<ref name="Achomair" /> Ar an 29 Iúil 2026, d'fhógair an tAire Aeráide, Fuinnimh agus Comhshaoil, [[Darragh O'Brien]], go raibh tús curtha le páipéar bán nua ar earnáil na cumhachta in Éirinn – giniúint, tarchur, dáileadh agus rialáil leictreachais. Leagfar amach ann fís fhadtéarmach don earnáil go dtí 2050, agus creat do bheartas, do reachtaíocht agus d'infheistíocht amach anseo.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.gov.ie/ga/an-roinn-aer%C3%A1ide-fuinnimh-agus-comhshaoil/preaseisiuinti/minister-obrien-embarks-on-key-white-paper-setting-out-long-term-vision-for-power-sector/|title=Tugann an tAire O'Brien faoi Pháipéar Bán tábhachtach – ina leagtar amach fís fhadtéarmach d'earnáil na cumhachta|publisher=An Roinn Aeráide, Fuinnimh agus Comhshaoil|date=2026-07-29|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> == Sa saol gnó agus san acadamh == Ó na 1990idí i leith, is mar uirlis mhargaíochta is mó a úsáidtear páipéir bhána sa saol gnó, agus is iad na comhlachtaí a dhíolann táirgí agus seirbhísí le gnólachtaí eile (gnólacht le gnólacht<ref>Béarla: ''business-to-business'' (B2B). {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/business-to-business/|title=business-to-business|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref>) is mó a fhoilsíonn iad. Doiciméid fhada iad a úsáideann fíricí roghnaithe agus argóintí loighciúla chun a chur ina luí ar an léitheoir go bhfuil táirge, teicneolaíocht nó modh oibre áirithe níos fearr ná aon cheann eile chun fadhb ghnó a réiteach. Úsáidtear iad chun custaiméirí nua a mhealladh agus chun creidiúnacht an chomhlachta a fhorbairt.<ref name="enWP" /> Is féidir trí chineál a aithint: cur síos ar ghnéithe agus ar bhuntáistí táirge nó seirbhíse áirithe; liosta uimhrithe de leideanna, de cheisteanna nó de phointí faoi cheist ghnó; agus anailís ar fhadhb a bhaineann le hearnáil iomlán, mar aon le réiteach nua uirthi.<ref name="enWP" /> Is féidir iad a mheas mar chineál de litríocht liath<ref>Béarla: ''grey literature''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/grey%20literature/|title=grey literature|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> freisin.<ref name="enWP" /> Úsáidtear páipéir bhána sa saol acadúil freisin, chun torthaí taighde a chur i láthair, i réimsí mar an ríomheolaíocht, an chripteagrafaíocht<ref>Béarla: ''cryptography''. {{Cite web-en|url=https://super.tearma.ie/q/cryptography/|title=cryptography|publisher=Foras na Gaeilge (téarma.ie)|access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref>, an mhatamaitic agus an leigheas.<ref name="enWP" /> Ar cheann de na páipéir bhána is cáiliúla san aonú haois is fiche tá ''Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System'', a foilsíodh faoin ainm bréige Satoshi Nakamoto. Ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 2008, scaipeadh nasc chuige trí ríomhphost i measc lucht spéise sa chripteagrafaíocht. Rinneadh cur síos ann ar chóras d'idirbhearta leictreonacha nach mbeadh ag brath ar mhuinín, agus cuireadh an líonra [[Bitcoin]] ar bun ar an 3 Eanáir 2009.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=History of bitcoin|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bitcoin|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-10-25}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Oifig an tSoláthair]] * [[Acht parlaiminte]] * [[Buiséad (rialtais)]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Paipear ban}} [[Catagóir:Páipéir bhána| ]] [[Catagóir:Polasaí poiblí]] [[Catagóir:Cáipéisí]] [[Catagóir:Margaíocht]] q8ov5zh7awczyq5c1hstgu1xmgqy1f7 0 128789 1331838 2026-11-04T22:21:50Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[White paper]] go [[Páipéar bán]] 1331838 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Páipéar bán]] c9tm8a1dmoszwqg6zg1luv4hjq82jin 0 128790 1331844 2026-11-05T08:26:39Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Réamhrá cruthaithe ó enwiki 1331844 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Carbon taxes and emission trading worldwide.svg | mion | '' Trádáil astaíochtaí agus cánacha carbóin ar fud an domhain (2021) {{Legend | #009a3e | [[Carbon emission trading]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #323b90 | [[Cáin charbóin]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #fbba00 | Trádáil nó cáin faoi scrúdú}}]] Is modh é '''praghsáil carbóin''' (nó Praghsáil '''CO₂}} pricing''') chun [[maolú an athraithe aeráide|athrú aeráide a mhaolú]]. Cuirtear cáin ar [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] chun truaillitheoirí a spreagadh dóchán [[breosla iontaise]] a laghdú. De ghnáth, is [[cáin charbóin]] é an praghas, é sin nó scéim i ndáil le [[trádáil astaíochtaí]] (STA).<ref name=:0 /> Is í an fhadhb a a iarrann praghsáil carbóin a réiteach ná gur [[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] iad astaíochtaí [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO₂]] agus [[gás ceaptha teasa]] (GCT) eile. Táthar ar aon intinn go forleathan gur beartas cruinn é chun astaíochtaí dá leithéid a laghdú. Tá sásra um praghsáil carbóin ag réigiúin amhail is [[Ceanada]] agus an chuid is mó de thíortha Eorpacha. Sa bhliain 2021, thug an tSín sásra isteach.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank|2021|p=23}}</ref><ref name="China ETS2" /> Ar an láimh eile de, níl beartas phraghsáil carbóin ag truaillitheoirí amhail is [[an Ind]], [[an Rúis]], [[Stáit na Murascaille]] agus go leor stát sna SAM.<ref name=ieporg /> Bhí sásra praghsála ag [[an Astráil]] idir na blianta 2012 agus 2014. Faoin mbliain 2025, tá 28% de GCT domhanda clúdaithe le praghsáil carbóin.<ref name=:2 /> Dar leis an b[[Painéal Idir-Rialtasach ar an Athrú Aeráide]], mbeadh de dhíth praghas an tonna méadrach CO₂ de $135–$5500 in 2030 agus $245–$13,000 in 2050 chun astaíochtaí carbóin a laghdú agus an [[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|teorainn 1.5°C]] a bhaint amach.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|p=374}}</ref> Tá go leor sásraí fós faoi bhun $10 an tonna, CO₂ an tSín ina measc.<ref name="China ETS" /> Ar an taobh eile, baineadh €100 an tonna CO₂ amach san [[Córas Trádála Astaíochtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|Aontas Eorpach]] le linn mí na Feabhra 2023 (CTA-AE)<ref name=:1 /> De réir na samhlacha is déanaí, tá [[costas sóisialta carbóin]] ann le a $300 an tonna CO₂ mar thoradh laghduithe i rátaí fáis [[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]]; idir an dá linn, níl luach ach idir $50 agus $200 geallta ag moltaí beartais.<ref name="Kikstra 2021">{{harvnb|Kikstra|2021}}</ref>{{rp|2}} Is féidir le comhlachtaí a gcuid sásraí féin a chur i bhfeidhm,<ref name=:7 /> ag baint úsáide as trádáil astaíochtaí, seach-praghasanna, táillí carbóin, praghsanna intuigthe, srl.,<ref name=:02 /><ref name=:6 /> deimhnithe le méadraigh éagsúla.<ref name=:12 /> Tá taighde ar siúl maidir lena dtionchair ar astaíochtaí agus [[iomaíocht]].<ref name=:7 /><ref name=:9 /><ref name=:3 /><ref name=:5 /> == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | teideal = What is Carbon Pricing? | url = https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311235027/https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | archive-date=March 11, 2021 | dátarochtana = 2021-03-14 | work = carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org | dáta = 9 Bealtaine 2017}}</ref> <ref name=:1>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Carbon Price Viewer | url = https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer | foilsitheoir = EMBER | dátarochtana = 2021-09-07 | archive-date=September 15, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915123457/https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:2>{{cite journal | date=2025 | title=State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 | url=https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43277|journal=The World Bank | language=en-US | doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-2255-1 | doi-broken-date=April 9, 2026 | hdl=10986/43277}}</ref> <ref name=:02>{{cite journal | last1=Gorbach | first1=O.G.| last2=Kost | first2=C.| last3=Pickett |first3=C. | date=2022 | title=Review of internal carbon pricing and the development of a decision process for the identification of promising Internal Pricing Methods for an Organisation | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032121010170 | journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | language=en | volume=154 | article-number=111745 | doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111745 | bibcode=2022RSERv.15411745G}}</ref> <ref name=:3>{{cite journal | last1=Desai | first1=Rajesh | last2=Raval | first2=Avani | last3=Thanki | first3=Shashank | date=2025 | title=Does internal carbon pricing moderate the firm value effects of carbon emission? A study of an emerging economy | url=https://www.emerald.com/jaar/article/26/5/1213/1251497/Does-internal-carbon-pricing-moderate-the-firm | journal=Journal of Applied Accounting Research | language=en | volume=26 | issue=5 | pages=1213–1236 | doi=10.1108/JAAR-07-2024-0248 | issn=0967-5426}}</ref> <ref name=:5>{{cite journal | last1=Qin | first1=Linxin | last2=Wang | first2=Zhan | last3=Pan | first3=Ane | date=2023-12-13 | title=How the implementation of internal carbon pricing impacts on carbon reduction: facilitating or hindering | url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research | language=en | doi=10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | pmid=38091215 | issn=1614-7499}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{cite journal | last=Harpankar | first=Kshama | date=2019 | title=Internal carbon pricing: rationale, promise and limitations | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178 | journal=Carbon Management | language=en | volume=10 | issue=2 | pages=219–225 | doi=10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178|bibcode=2019CarM...10..219H | issn=1758-3004}}</ref> <ref name=:7>{{cite journal | last1=Zhu | first1=Bangzhu | last2=Xu | first2=Chenxin | last3=Wang| first3=Ping | last4=Zhang | first4=Lin | date=2022 | title=How does internal carbon pricing affect corporate environmental performance? | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0148296322002028 | journal=Journal of Business Research | language=en | volume=145 | pages=65–77 | doi=10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.071}}</ref> <ref name=:9>{{Cite journal | last1=Ma | first1=Jialu | last2=Kuo | first2=Jeffrey | date=2021 | title=Environmental self-regulation for sustainable development: Can internal carbon pricing enhance financial performance? | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2817 | journal=Business Strategy and the Environment | language=en | volume=30 | issue=8 | pages=3517–3527 | doi=10.1002/bse.2817| bibcode=2021BSEnv..30.3517M | issn=0964-4733}}</ref> <ref name=:12>{{Cite journal | last1=Bento | first1=Nuno | last2=Gianfrate | first2=Gianfranco | date=2020 | title=Determinants of internal carbon pricing | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301421520302445 | journal=Energy Policy | language=en | volume=143 | article-number=111499 | doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111499 | bibcode=2020EnPol.14311499B | hdl=10071/20557}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS2">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm = Paul A.| last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021 | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins}}</ref> <ref name=ieporg>{{lua idirlín | teideal =State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2023 | url = http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102955/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-date=October 7, 2024 | dátarochtana = 2 Meitheamh 2023 | foilsitheoir = World Bank Group}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm =Paul A. | last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021}}</ref> }} 33erbruys6vtco54o5tzmgrjfmu9h5a 1331845 1331844 2026-11-05T08:28:38Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ Catagóirí 1331845 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Carbon taxes and emission trading worldwide.svg | mion | '' Trádáil astaíochtaí agus cánacha carbóin ar fud an domhain (2021) {{Legend | #009a3e | [[Carbon emission trading]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #323b90 | [[Cáin charbóin]] i bhfeidhm nó beartaithe}} {{Legend | #fbba00 | Trádáil nó cáin faoi scrúdú}}]] Is modh é '''praghsáil carbóin''' (nó Praghsáil '''CO₂}} pricing''') chun [[maolú an athraithe aeráide|athrú aeráide a mhaolú]]. Cuirtear cáin ar [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] chun truaillitheoirí a spreagadh dóchán [[breosla iontaise]] a laghdú. De ghnáth, is [[cáin charbóin]] é an praghas, é sin nó scéim i ndáil le [[trádáil astaíochtaí]] (STA).<ref name=:0 /> Is í an fhadhb a a iarrann praghsáil carbóin a réiteach ná gur [[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] iad astaíochtaí [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO₂]] agus [[gás ceaptha teasa]] (GCT) eile. Táthar ar aon intinn go forleathan gur beartas cruinn é chun astaíochtaí dá leithéid a laghdú. Tá sásra um praghsáil carbóin ag réigiúin amhail is [[Ceanada]] agus an chuid is mó de thíortha Eorpacha. Sa bhliain 2021, thug an tSín sásra isteach.<ref>{{harvnb|World Bank|2021|p=23}}</ref><ref name="China ETS2" /> Ar an láimh eile de, níl beartas phraghsáil carbóin ag truaillitheoirí amhail is [[an Ind]], [[an Rúis]], [[Stáit na Murascaille]] agus go leor stát sna SAM.<ref name=ieporg /> Bhí sásra praghsála ag [[an Astráil]] idir na blianta 2012 agus 2014. Faoin mbliain 2025, tá 28% de GCT domhanda clúdaithe le praghsáil carbóin.<ref name=:2 /> Dar leis an b[[Painéal Idir-Rialtasach ar an Athrú Aeráide]], mbeadh de dhíth praghas an tonna méadrach CO₂ de $135–$5500 in 2030 agus $245–$13,000 in 2050 chun astaíochtaí carbóin a laghdú agus an [[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|teorainn 1.5°C]] a bhaint amach.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|p=374}}</ref> Tá go leor sásraí fós faoi bhun $10 an tonna, CO₂ an tSín ina measc.<ref name="China ETS" /> Ar an taobh eile, baineadh €100 an tonna CO₂ amach san [[Córas Trádála Astaíochtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh|Aontas Eorpach]] le linn mí na Feabhra 2023 (CTA-AE)<ref name=:1 /> De réir na samhlacha is déanaí, tá [[costas sóisialta carbóin]] ann le a $300 an tonna CO₂ mar thoradh laghduithe i rátaí fáis [[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]]; idir an dá linn, níl luach ach idir $50 agus $200 geallta ag moltaí beartais.<ref name="Kikstra 2021">{{harvnb|Kikstra|2021}}</ref>{{rp|2}} Is féidir le comhlachtaí a gcuid sásraí féin a chur i bhfeidhm,<ref name=:7 /> ag baint úsáide as trádáil astaíochtaí, seach-praghasanna, táillí carbóin, praghsanna intuigthe, srl.,<ref name=:02 /><ref name=:6 /> deimhnithe le méadraigh éagsúla.<ref name=:12 /> Tá taighde ar siúl maidir lena dtionchair ar astaíochtaí agus [[iomaíocht]].<ref name=:7 /><ref name=:9 /><ref name=:3 /><ref name=:5 /> == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=:0>{{lua idirlín | teideal = What is Carbon Pricing? | url = https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311235027/https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing | archive-date=March 11, 2021 | dátarochtana = 2021-03-14 | work = carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org | dáta = 9 Bealtaine 2017}}</ref> <ref name=:1>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Carbon Price Viewer | url = https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer | foilsitheoir = EMBER | dátarochtana = 2021-09-07 | archive-date=September 15, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915123457/https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=:2>{{cite journal | date=2025 | title=State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 | url=https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43277|journal=The World Bank | language=en-US | doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-2255-1 | doi-broken-date=April 9, 2026 | hdl=10986/43277}}</ref> <ref name=:02>{{cite journal | last1=Gorbach | first1=O.G.| last2=Kost | first2=C.| last3=Pickett |first3=C. | date=2022 | title=Review of internal carbon pricing and the development of a decision process for the identification of promising Internal Pricing Methods for an Organisation | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032121010170 | journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | language=en | volume=154 | article-number=111745 | doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111745 | bibcode=2022RSERv.15411745G}}</ref> <ref name=:3>{{cite journal | last1=Desai | first1=Rajesh | last2=Raval | first2=Avani | last3=Thanki | first3=Shashank | date=2025 | title=Does internal carbon pricing moderate the firm value effects of carbon emission? A study of an emerging economy | url=https://www.emerald.com/jaar/article/26/5/1213/1251497/Does-internal-carbon-pricing-moderate-the-firm | journal=Journal of Applied Accounting Research | language=en | volume=26 | issue=5 | pages=1213–1236 | doi=10.1108/JAAR-07-2024-0248 | issn=0967-5426}}</ref> <ref name=:5>{{cite journal | last1=Qin | first1=Linxin | last2=Wang | first2=Zhan | last3=Pan | first3=Ane | date=2023-12-13 | title=How the implementation of internal carbon pricing impacts on carbon reduction: facilitating or hindering | url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research | language=en | doi=10.1007/s11356-023-30997-5 | pmid=38091215 | issn=1614-7499}}</ref> <ref name=:6>{{cite journal | last=Harpankar | first=Kshama | date=2019 | title=Internal carbon pricing: rationale, promise and limitations | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178 | journal=Carbon Management | language=en | volume=10 | issue=2 | pages=219–225 | doi=10.1080/17583004.2019.1577178|bibcode=2019CarM...10..219H | issn=1758-3004}}</ref> <ref name=:7>{{cite journal | last1=Zhu | first1=Bangzhu | last2=Xu | first2=Chenxin | last3=Wang| first3=Ping | last4=Zhang | first4=Lin | date=2022 | title=How does internal carbon pricing affect corporate environmental performance? | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0148296322002028 | journal=Journal of Business Research | language=en | volume=145 | pages=65–77 | doi=10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.071}}</ref> <ref name=:9>{{Cite journal | last1=Ma | first1=Jialu | last2=Kuo | first2=Jeffrey | date=2021 | title=Environmental self-regulation for sustainable development: Can internal carbon pricing enhance financial performance? | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2817 | journal=Business Strategy and the Environment | language=en | volume=30 | issue=8 | pages=3517–3527 | doi=10.1002/bse.2817| bibcode=2021BSEnv..30.3517M | issn=0964-4733}}</ref> <ref name=:12>{{Cite journal | last1=Bento | first1=Nuno | last2=Gianfrate | first2=Gianfranco | date=2020 | title=Determinants of internal carbon pricing | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301421520302445 | journal=Energy Policy | language=en | volume=143 | article-number=111499 | doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111499 | bibcode=2020EnPol.14311499B | hdl=10071/20557}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS2">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm = Paul A.| last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021 | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins}}</ref> <ref name=ieporg>{{lua idirlín | teideal =State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2023 | url = http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102955/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/State%20and%20Trends%20of%20Carbon%20Pricing%202023.pdf | archive-date=October 7, 2024 | dátarochtana = 2 Meitheamh 2023 | foilsitheoir = World Bank Group}}</ref> <ref name="China ETS">{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Davies | ainm =Paul A. | last2=Westgate | first2=R. Andrew | teideal = China's National ETS Launches Trading | dáta = 9 Lúnasa 2021 | url=https://www.globalelr.com/2021/08/chinas-national-ets-launches-trading/ | foilsitheoir = Latham & Watkins | dátarochtana = 7 Meán Fómhair 2021}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Cáin chomhshaoil]] [[Catagóir:Maolú an Athraithe Aeráide]] 0n0a7czj2ocv47skxqth06w5u7p7cvw