Uachtarán na hÉireann

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="ga">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Vicipéid</sitename>
    <dbname>gawiki</dbname>
    <base>https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomhleathanach</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Meán</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Speisialta</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Plé</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Úsáideoir</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Plé úsáideora</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Vicipéid</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Plé Vicipéide</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">Íomhá</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Plé íomhá</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Plé MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Teimpléad</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Plé teimpléid</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Cabhair</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Plé cabhrach</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Catagóir</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Plé catagóire</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Uachtarán na hÉireann</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1914</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332093</id>
      <parentid>1322090</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:46:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cealaíodh athrú [[Special:Diff/1322090|1322090]] le [[Special:Contributions/LametinoWiki|LametinoWiki]] ([[User talk:LametinoWiki|plé]])</comment>
      <origin>1332093</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10498" sha1="hgr4taeqpj5ehndp36marni0re7w2lk" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Ceannaire}}

Is é ceann stáit na h[[Poblacht na hÉireann|Éireann]] an t'''Uachtarán'''. Bunaíodh an post seo le [[Bunreacht na hÉireann|Bunreacht]] na bliana [[1937]] nuair a cuireadh post an [[Gobharnóir|Ghobharnóra]], a bhí ina ionadaí ag [[Rí]] [[Sasana|Shasana]] in Éirinn agus í ina ballstát de [[Comhlathas na Breataine|Chomhlathas na Breataine]], ar ceal.

Is beag cumhachta atá ag an Uachtarán i ndáiríre ach amháin i gcás go bhfuil amhras air nó uirthi faoi dhlíthe a reachtaíonn an [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]]. Is í [[Catherine Connolly]] an tUachtarán reatha.

== Toghadh ==
{{main|Toghchán uachtaránachta na hÉireann}}
De réir Airteagal 12 de Bhunreacht na hÉireann tá tosach ag an Uachtarán ar gach uile dhuine sa Stát, 'agus ní foláir dó na cumhachtaí agus na feidhmeanna a bheirtear don Uachtarán leis an mBunreacht seo agus le dlí a oibriú agus a chomhlíonadh'. Toghthar an tUachtarán trí vóta díreach an phobail ar mhodh an [[Aonvóta Inaistrithe]] agus ceart ag gach saoránach de chuid na hÉireann vótáil sa toghchán. Tréimhse seacht mbliana a chaitheann Uachtarán in oifig, agus is féidir é a atoghadh ar feadh tréimhse amháin eile de sheacht mbliana. Cónaíonn an tUachtarán in [[Áras an Uachtaráin]] i b[[Páirc an Fhionnuisce]], [[Baile Átha Cliath]].
[[Íomhá:Aras as uachtarain.jpg|thumb|[[Áras an Uachtaráin]].]]

== Dualgais ==
Is é Uachtarán na hÉireann atá in Cheann Stáit ar an tír agus is é nó í a bhíonn mar ionadaí ag pobal na tíre sa mbaile agus thar sáile i ról deasghnách. Is é an t-uachtarán freisin an t-ardcheannasaí ar Óglaigh na hÉireann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ligimis-don-ghaeilge-blathu-catherine-connolly-insealbhaithe-mar-an-deichiu-huachtaran-ar-eirinn/|teideal=‘Ligimis don Ghaeilge bláthú’ – Catherine Connolly insealbhaithe mar an deichiú huachtarán ar Éirinn|dáta=2025-11-11|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cuireann an tUachtarán fáilte oifigiúil roimh cheannairí stáit eile in Áras an Uachtaráin agus tugann sé faoi thurais stáit go tíortha eile.

Tá sé d’údarás ag an Uachtarán glacadh leis nó diúltú d’aon bhille a nglacann Dáil agus Seanad Éireann leo. Bíonn comhairle ar fáil ag an Uachtarán ón gComhairle Stáit agus is féidir leis bille a chur faoi bhráid na [[Cúirt Uachtarach na hÉireann|Cúirte Uachtaraí]] má bhíonn aon amhras ann go sáraíonn an bille [[Bunreacht na hÉireann]].

Fágann an t-údarás sin nach féidir le haon reachtaíocht a bheith ina dlí sa tír seo go dtí go gcuireann an tUachtarán reatha a ainm leis go foirmeálta.

Go foirmeálta, is é an tUachtarán freisin a cheapann an rialtas, ceapann sé an Taoiseach atá ainmnithe ag an Dáil agus ina dhiaidh sin na hairí a bhíonn ainmnithe ag an Taoiseach.

Tá sé d’údarás ag an Uachtarán iarratas a dhéanamh le hóráid náisiúnta a dhéanamh le Dáil agus Seanad Éireann ar ábhair a bheadh ar mhaithe le leas an phobail.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Coimisiún an Uachtaráin ===
I gcás go mbíonn an tUachtarán as láthair, ar míthreoir, éagtha, éirithe as oifig nó curtha as oifig nó má theipeann air feidhmeanna a oifige a chomhlíonadh, déantar foráil sa Bhunreacht go ndéanfaidh Coimisiún cumhachtaí agus feidhmeanna an Uachtaráin a chomhlíonadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://president.ie/index.php/ga/the-president/presidential-commission|teideal=The President Presidential Commission|údar=Office of the President of Ireland|language=ga|work=president.ie|dátarochtana=2023-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web-en|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/the_president/presidential_commission.html|title=Presidential Commission|date=1 May 2008|work=Citizens Information|publisher=Citizens Information Board|access-date=21 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726033442/http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/the_president/presidential_commission.html|archive-date=26 July 2013|location=Dublin|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://debates.oireachtas.ie/dail/1992/11/05/00004.asp Private Business. - Ministerial Changes: Statement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307210045/http://debates.oireachtas.ie/dail/1992/11/05/00004.asp|date=2012-03-07}} Dáil debates, 5 November 1992&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news-en|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10615F9345E0C758CDDA80994DA494D81|title=Leader Defeated, Irish Government Collapses|last=Clarity|first=James F.|date=6 November 1992|work=[[New York Times]]|access-date=21 December 2010|lang-en|trans-title=Ceannaire buaite, Theip an Rialtas}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Stair ==
I bhfianaise chúrsaí i dtíortha eile sna 1930idí, bhíothas ag déanamh imní gur seift í an uachtaránacht chun ansmacht a gabháil ar an Stáit, ach dearadh é mar ról a bhfuil tábhacht morálta agus cultúrtha aice, ach beagán cumhachta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Kerron Ó Luain]]|date=24 Deireadh Fómhair 2025|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2025/10/stair-na-huachtaranachta/|title=Stair na huachtaránachta|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|issue=52}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba é [[Dubhghlas de hÍde]], a toghadh gan iomaíocht, an chéad Uachtarán i [[1938]]. D'athraigh nádúr na hoifige sa 21ú haois. Ghlac idir Mary Robinson agus Mary McAleese seasamh láidir faoi cheisteanna polaitiúla áirithe agus iad in oifig.  Lean Michael D leis an nós sin, ach é níos láidre, níos cinnte agus i bhfad níos mó ar an eite chlé.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-cineal-uachtarain-ata-uainn-i-ndiaidh-eiri-as-michael-d-duine-cosuil-le-michael-d/|teideal=An cineál Uachtaráin atá uainn i ndiaidh éirí as Michael D? Duine cosúil le Michael D…|údar=Eoin Ó Murchú|dáta=10 Feabhra 2025|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go dtí gur toghadh Mary Robinson mar Uachtarán i 1990 agus cé is moite de Dhubhghlas de hÍde, ba le hiarrthóirí Fhianna Fáil ról an Uachtaráin.    Chaith [[Eamon de Valera]], [[Seán T. Ó Ceallaigh]], [[Pádraig Ó hIrighile]], [[Máire Mhic Ghiolla Íosa]] agus [[Michael D. Higgins|Michael D Higgins]] dhá thréimhse san Áras.  Iarrthóirí de chuid an Lucht Oibre (Mary Robinson agus Michael D) a toghadh an dá uair nár roghnaigh an pobal iarrthóirí Fhianna Fáil. 

Tá ról an Uachtaráin athraithe ó bhonn ó toghadh Michael D in 2011. Airíonn pobal na tíre anois go bhfuil nasc acu leis an té atá tofa mar cheannasaí ar ár dtír mar thoradh ar an gcaoi ar thug seisean faoin ról. Ní raibh leisce air rud a rá faoi pé géarchéim a bhí ag crá na tíre ag aon am ar leith – géarchéim eacnamaíochta, inimirce, easpa tithíochta, ár sa Mheánoirthear. Cé go raibh roinnt saineolaithe den tuairim gur sháraigh sé cumhachtaí na huachtaránachta, dhún polaiteoirí a gcuid súl ar an mbaol sin mar gur thuig siad go mbíodh sé ag caint ar son phobal na tíre go minic.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ce-a-bheadh-ag-iarraidh-post-mar-uachtaran/|teideal=Cé a bheadh ag iarraidh post mar Uachtarán?|údar=Máirín Ní Ghadhra|dáta=14 Iúil 2025|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bhí an bheirt bhan a toghadh mar uachtaráin sna 1990idí (Mary Robinson agus Máire Mhic Ghiolla Íosa) luaite le gairmeacha eile seachas an pholaitíocht den chuid is mó (cé gur chaith Mary Robinson seal sa Seanad).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Níor toghadh iarrthóir de chuid Fhine Gael ina uachtarán ar an tír riamh cheana. 

{| class =&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;&quot;
!Uimhir
!Ainm
!Pictiúr
!In oifig
!As oifig
!Páirtí
|-

|1.
|[[Dubhghlas de hÍde]]
|[[Íomhá:Douglas Hyde - Project Gutenberg eText 19028.jpg|60px]] 
|[[25 Meitheamh]], [[1938]]
|[[24 Meitheamh]], [[1945]]
|''Ainmniúchán uile-pháirti''
|-

|2.
|[[Seán T. Ó Ceallaigh]]
|[[Íomhá:Sean T O Kelly.jpg|60px]]
|[[25 Meitheamh]], [[1945]]
|[[24 Meitheamh]], [[1959]]
|[[Fianna Fáil]]
|-

|3.
|[[Éamon de Valera]]
|[[Íomhá:Eamon de Valera c 1922-30.jpg|60px]]
|[[25 Meitheamh]], [[1959]]
|[[24 Meitheamh]], [[1973]]
|[[Fianna Fáil]]
|-

|4.
|[[Erskine Hamilton Childers|Erskine H. Childers]]
|[[Íomhá:Erskine-h-childers.jpg|60px]]
|[[24 Meitheamh]], [[1973]]
|[[17 Samhain]], [[1974]]
|[[Fianna Fáil]]
|-

|5.
|[[Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh]]
|[[Íomhá:CoD.jpg|60px]]
|[[19 Nollaig]], [[1974]]
|[[22 Deireadh Fómhair]], [[1976]]
|[[Fianna Fáil]]
|-

|6.
|[[Pádraig Ó hIrighile]]
|[[Íomhá:Patrick Hillery (cropped).jpg|60px]]
|[[3 Nollaig]], [[1976]]
|[[2 Nollaig]], [[1990]]
|[[Fianna Fáil]]
|-

|7.
|[[Máire Mhic Róibín]]
|[[Íomhá:Mary Robinson-Obama31.04secs.png|60px]]
|[[3 Nollaig]], [[1990]]
|[[12 Meán Fómhair]], [[1997]]
|[[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Lucht Oibre]]
|-

|8.
|[[Máire Mhic Giolla Íosa]]
|[[Íomhá:Mary McAleese.jpg|60px]] 
|[[10 Samhain]], [[1997]]
|[[10 Samhain]], [[2011]]
|[[Fianna Fáil]] / Neamhspleách
|-

|9.
|[[Mícheál D. Ó hUiginn]]
|[[Íomhá:Michael D. Higgins 2006.jpg|60px]]
|[[11 Samhain]], [[2011]]
|[[10 Samhain]], [[2025]]
|[[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Lucht Oibre]] / Neamhspleách
|-

|10.
|[[Catherine Connolly]]
|[[Íomhá:Catherine Connolly, 5 Nov 2025 (cropped).jpg|60px]]
|[[11 Samhain]], [[2025]]
| ''in oifig fós''
| Neamhspleách
|-
|}

== Cáineadh ==
Post gan rath agus gan tairbhe a thugann [[Michael O'Leary (Ryanair)|Michael O’Leary]] ar an uachtaránacht go rialta. Níl aon tábhacht leis an bpost agus cur amú airgid atá ann, dar leis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Léitheoireacht bhreise ==
* [[Eithne Nic Eoin|Eoin, Eithne Nic]]. (2010). ''[https://comhar.ie/leabhair/uachtarain-na-heireann/ Uachtaráin na hÉireann]''. [[LeabhairCOMHAR]]. ISBN 9780955721724.
* The Lives and Times of the Presidents of Ireland, le Kevin Kenna  (Liffey Press)&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://theliffeypress.com/the-lives-and-times-of-the-presidents-of-ireland.html|teideal=The Lives and Times of the Presidents of Ireland|údar=Kevin Kenna / theliffeypress.com|dátarochtana=2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.president.ie/ Suíomh oifigiúil]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{Uachtaráin na hÉireann}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uachtaran na hEireann}}
[[Catagóir:Uachtaráin na hÉireann| ]]
[[Catagóir:Uachtaránacht na hÉireann]]</text>
      <sha1>hgr4taeqpj5ehndp36marni0re7w2lk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Éire</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2854</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332006</id>
      <parentid>1331928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:12:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ -Catagóir: is i an Phoblacht atá ina ballstát</comment>
      <origin>1332006</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="99" sha1="p92nn9k5mm61tx4jyx6remdzabewqwo" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Ireland|Éire}}

[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Eire]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha Gaelacha]]</text>
      <sha1>p92nn9k5mm61tx4jyx6remdzabewqwo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Fhionlainn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2875</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331982</id>
      <parentid>1186855</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:59:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331982</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="222" sha1="cjtkfeq7shhbvlbny7vdahdxhgcfs6x" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Finland}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fionnlainn, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha Nordacha|Fhionlainn, An]]</text>
      <sha1>cjtkfeq7shhbvlbny7vdahdxhgcfs6x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Fhrainc</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>3839</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331983</id>
      <parentid>1245573</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:59:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331983</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="291" sha1="8fcbaarmz2l66zq5m7yw73nsl0g60ba" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|France|An Fhrainc}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frainc, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Náisiúin G-20]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Fhrainc, An]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na Meánmhara]]</text>
      <sha1>8fcbaarmz2l66zq5m7yw73nsl0g60ba</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Iodáil</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4537</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331992</id>
      <parentid>1245583</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:04:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331992</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="278" sha1="r56gr70v1tma9ed9utbp701b8du8u9o" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Italy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iodáil, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Náisiúin G-20]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Iodáil]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na Meánmhara]]</text>
      <sha1>r56gr70v1tma9ed9utbp701b8du8u9o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>An Vaileinse</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5336</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332002</id>
      <parentid>1331931</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:08:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tagairtí */ -catagóir</comment>
      <origin>1332002</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10032" sha1="59dli9svbnp1pec12vc2h20djqy65yu" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}{{Glanadh}}
Is í '''Valencia''' (''An Vaileinse'' as [[Gaeilge]]; [[Catalóinis#Vaileinsis|Vaileinsis]]: ''València'') príomhchathair [[Comhphobal Valencia|Chomhphobal Valencia]] agus lárionad [[Cúige Valencia]]. Suite ar chósta [[An Mheánmhuir|na Meánmhara]] in oirthear na [[Spáinn]]e, is í an tríú cathair is mó sa tír í, i ndiaidh [[Maidrid]] agus [[Barcelona]]. Bhí thart ar 840,000 duine ina gcónaí inti in 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ine.es/|teideal=Cifras oficiales de población de los municipios españoles|language=es|work=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|dátarochtana=2025-01-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Labhraíonn cuid mhór de mhuintir na cathrach agus an chúige (go háirithe ar an gcósta) [[Catalóinis#Vaileinsis|Vaileinsis]], a rangaítear mar chanúint den [[Catalóinis]]. Tá stair fhada ag Valencia mar chalafort tráchtála, agus tá clú idirnáisiúnta uirthi inniu as a hailtireacht nua-aoiseach, as an bhféile [[Les Falles]] agus as a bheith ina háit dhúchais don ''paella''.

== Stair ==
Bhunaigh na [[Impireacht Rómhánach|Rómhánaigh]] an chathair sa bhliain 138 [[Roimh Chríost|RCh]] faoin ainm ''Valentia Edetanorum''. Tagann ainm na cathrach ón [[Laidin]] ''valentia'', a chiallaíonn &quot;neart&quot; nó &quot;cróga&quot;.

I rith ré [[Al-Andalus]], bhí an chathair faoi smacht [[Moslamaigh|Moslamach]] agus tugadh ''Balansiyya'' uirthi as [[Araibis]]. Sa bhliain 1094 ghabh an tiarna cogaidh Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, ar a dtugtar [[El Cid]], an chathair, ach thit sí ar ais faoi smacht na [[Almorávaigh|nAlmorávach]] go gairid ina dhiaidh sin. Sa bhliain 1238 ghabh [[Séamas I Aragóin|Séamas I]] (Jaume I) Aragóin an chathair, agus bunaíodh [[Ríocht Valencia]].

Bhí ré órga faoin gcathair sa 15ú haois, nuair a bhí sí ar cheann de na hionaid tráchtála ba thábhachtaí sa Mheánmhuir. Is ón tréimhse sin an ''[[Llotja de la Seda]]'' (Malartán an tSíoda), foirgneamh Gotach atá ar liosta [[Oidhreacht Dhomhanda UNESCO]] anois.

Ó 2015 go 2023 ba é Joan Ribó i Canut méara na cathrach, ar son an pháirtí pholaitiúil [[Compromís]]. Ó mhí na Bealtaine 2023 i leith, is í María José Catalá ([[Páirtí an Phobail (an Spáinn)|Páirtí an Phobail]], PP) méara Valencia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Valencia|teideal=List of mayors of Valencia|language=en|work=Wikipedia|dátarochtana=2026-07-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aeráid ==
Tá aeráid na [[An Mheánmhuir|Meánmhara]] ann, le samhradh tirim te agus geimhreadh séimh.

Maraíodh breis is 220 duine — thart ar 224 sa réigiún de réir na bhfigiúirí deiridh — de bharr tuilte tobanna (''[[DANA (aimsir)|DANA]]'') a bhuail oirthear na Spáinne ar an 29 Deireadh Fómhair 2024, go háirithe réigiún València.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/info-dana/Paginas/2024/191124-datos-seguimiento-actuaciones-gobierno.aspx|teideal=Actualización de datos del Gobierno de España|language=es|work=www.lamoncloa.gob.es|dátarochtana=2024-11-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/?p=433|teideal=Breis is 250 duine marbh in Oirdheisceart na Spáinne – Míshástacht léirithe leis an Rí agus leis an bPríomh-Aire|údar=An Páipéar / Domhnall Mac Concharraige|dáta=2024-11-09|language=ga-IE|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2024-11-10|archivedate=2024-11-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109152655/https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/?p=433}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thit an bháisteach chomh trom le 500 milliméadar (50 cm) in áiteanna laistigh de chúpla uair an chloig; taifeadadh 185 mm in aon uair amháin sa bhaile Turís, taifead nua don Spáinn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22449103/|teideal=Sara Judge: Bean as Port Láirge atá lonnaithe i Valencia|údar=RnaG|dáta=2024-11-01|language=ga-IE|work=RTÉ Raidió|dátarochtana=2024-11-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rinneadh an-díobháil do mhaoin agus do bhonneagar an réigiúin freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Os cionn 70 duine maraithe de bharr tuilte in oirthear na Spáinne|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2024/1030/1478153-os-cionn-50-duine-maraithe-de-bharr-tuilte-in-oirthear-na-spainne/|date=2024-10-30|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Main|Tuilte sa Spáinn, 2024}}

== Geilleagar ==
Tá geilleagar Valencia bunaithe go mór ar an gcalafort, ar an tráchtáil, ar an talmhaíocht agus ar an turasóireacht.

=== Calafort Valencia ===
Is é Calafort Valencia (''Valenciaport'') an calafort coimeádán is gnóthaí sa Mheánmhuir, a láimhseálann breis is 5 mhilliún TEU (aonad coibhéiseach fiche troigh) sa bhliain, agus tá sé ar cheann de na calafoirt is mó san Eoraip.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.valenciaport.com/en/ports/valencia/the-port/|teideal=The Port|language=en|work=Valenciaport|dátarochtana=2026-07-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Talmhaíocht ===
Tá clú ar an réigiún timpeall na cathrach as oráistí a fhás. Is as gort ríse na hAlbufera, díreach ó dheas den chathair, a thagann cuid den rís a úsáidtear sa ''paella''.

== Iompar ==
Cuireann ''Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana'' (FGV) iompar poiblí ar fáil, mar shampla an [[Meitreo Valencia|Metro Vaileinseach]] agus seirbhísí traenacha. Tá na busanna faoi stiúir an EMT laistigh den chathair. Freastalaíonn [[Aerfort Valencia]] (Manises) ar an gcathair, agus tá seirbhís traenach ardluais (AVE) ann a nascann Valencia le Maidrid.

== Oideachas ==
=== Ollscoil Valencia ===
Bunaíodh [[Ollscoil Valencia]] (''Universitat de València'') sa bhliain 1499 mar ''Estudi General'', rud a fhágann gur ceann de na hollscoileanna is sine sa Spáinn í. Dhírigh sí ar an leigheas, ar na daonnachtaí, ar an diagacht agus ar an dlí ar dtús, agus is ollscoil nua-aoiseach le breis is 45,000 mac léinn í inniu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Valencia|teideal=University of Valencia|language=en|work=Wikipedia|dátarochtana=2026-07-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá ollscoil mhór eile sa chathair freisin, an ''Universitat Politècnica de València''.

== Turasóireacht ==
Is ionad tábhachtach turasóireachta í Valencia. I measc na n-áiteanna is mó a dtugann cuairteoirí orthu tá:
* [[Cathair na nEalaíon agus na nEolaíochtaí]] (''Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències''), coimpléasc nua-aoiseach ailtireachta a dhear [[Santiago Calatrava]];
* Ardeaglais Valencia, a maítear go bhfuil an [[Soitheach Naofa]] (an Grail) ar coimeád inti;
* Túr Serranos agus Túr Quart, iarsmaí de bhallaí meánaoiseacha na cathrach;
* tránna na Malvarrosa agus páirc nádúrtha na hAlbufera.

== Cultúr ==
=== Féile Les Falles ===
Idir an 15ú agus an 19ú de mhí [[Márta]] gach bliain, tarlaíonn féile ollmhór idirnáisiúnta darb ainm ''[[Les Falles]]'' (Vaileinsis), ina ndóitear dealbha móra páipéir agus adhmaid ar fud na cathrach. Tá an fhéile ar liosta [[Oidhreacht Chultúrtha Dholáimhsithe|Oidhreacht Chultúrtha Dholáimhsithe na Daonnachta]] de chuid UNESCO.

=== Bia ===
Meastar gurb í an Vaileinse áit dhúchais na ''paella'', ceann de na miasa is cáiliúla sa Spáinn. Tá deoch thraidisiúnta darb ainm ''orxata'' (horchata), déanta as ''chufa'', coitianta sa chathair freisin.

== Naisc le hÉirinn ==
Cé nach bhfuil aon bhaint stairiúil idir an dá áit, tá cosúlacht idir ainm na cathrach agus ainm [[Oileán Dairbhre]] (Valentia / Valencia Island) amach ó chósta [[Contae Chiarraí|Chiarraí]], Béarlú ar an nGaeilge is bunús leis an ainm sin, áfach, seachas aon cheangal leis an gcathair Spáinneach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://247valencia.com/the-other-valencia/|teideal='The Other Valencia' (An Irish–Spanish Connection)|language=en|work=24/7 Valencia|dátarochtana=2026-07-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá pobal beoga Éireannach sa chathair sa lá atá inniu ann, agus tá Cumann Cultúrtha Éireannach Valencia (VICA) ann a chothaíonn ceol, teanga agus traidisiúin na hÉireann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://valenciaireland.com/|teideal=VICA – Valencia Irish Cultural Association|language=en|dátarochtana=2026-07-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a bhuail na tuilte tubaisteacha an réigiún i nDeireadh Fómhair 2024, chuir Éireannaigh a bhí ina gcónaí i Valencia, ina measc daoine ó Phort Láirge, ó [[Rann na Feirste]] agus ó [[Leitir Ceanainn]], feachtais bhailiúcháin airgid ar bun chun cuidiú leis na híospartaigh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Colm Mac Grianna as Rann na Feirste ach a bhfuil cónaí air i Valencia|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/podcasts/22456877-colm-mac-grianna-as-rann-na-feirste-ach-a-bhfuil-c/|language=ga-IE|author=RnaG|date=6 Samhain 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22458035/|teideal=Tá Caoimhín agus a chairde atá ag cur fúthu ansin i Valencia ag cuidiú leo sin atá buailte ag na tuilte|údar=RnaG / Caoimhín Mac Lochlainn as Leitir Ceanainn|dáta=8 Samhain 2024|language=ga-IE|work=RTÉ Raidió|dátarochtana=2024-11-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery&gt;
Íomhá:Plaça maededéu1.jpg|An Ardeaglais
Íomhá:107 Basílica dels Desemparats, pl. Mare de Déu (València).JPG|Basílica dels Desamparats
Íomhá:Plaza del Ayuntamiento de Valencia.JPG|Plaça de l'Ajuntament (Cearnóg Halla na Cathrach)
Íomhá:Valencia, loggia della seta, interno, sala delle contrattazioni, 01,0.jpg|Llotja de la Seda (Margadh an tSíoda)
Íomhá:Edifici de La Nau des de la Plaça del Patriarca València.JPG|Ollscoil na Vaileinse
Íomhá:Ciutat De Les Arts I Les Ciències Valencia (216644145).jpeg|Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències (Cathair na nEalaíon agus na nEolaíochtaí)
Íomhá:Puerta de los Serranos, Valencia, España, 2014-06-30, DD 86.JPG|Túr Serranos
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cathracha-na-Spáinne}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Valencia}}

[[Catagóir:Valencia]]
[[Catagóir:Príomhchathracha na Spáinne]]
[[Catagóir:Cathracha agus Bailte sa Spáinn]]
[[Catagóir:Cathracha agus Bailte i gComhphobal Valencia]]
[[Catagóir:Cathracha ar an Meánmhuir]]</text>
      <sha1>59dli9svbnp1pec12vc2h20djqy65yu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Teimpléad:Uachtaráin na hÉireann</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5408</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332094</id>
      <parentid>1322091</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:48:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cealaíodh athrú [[Special:Diff/1322091|1322091]] le [[Special:Contributions/LametinoWiki|LametinoWiki]] ([[User talk:LametinoWiki|plé]])</comment>
      <origin>1332094</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="570" sha1="9lj6qa790ish3il1e57pn3ucvrrtxy0" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
 | name  = Uachtaráin na hÉireann
 | title = [[Uachtarán na hÉireann| Uachtaráin na hÉireann]]
 | image = [[Image:Flag of the President of Ireland.svg|border|60px]]
 | liststyle = text-align:center;
 | list1 = [[Dubhghlas de hÍde]] {{·}} [[Seán T. Ó Ceallaigh]] {{·}} [[Éamon de Valera]]  {{·}} [[Erskine Hamilton Childers|Erskine Childers]]  {{·}} [[Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh]]  &lt;br&gt; [[Pádraig Ó hIrighile]]  {{·}} [[Máire Mhic Róibín]]  {{·}} [[Máire Mhic Ghiolla Íosa]]  {{·}} [[Mícheál D. Ó hUiginn]]  {{·}} [[Catherine Connolly]]
}}</text>
      <sha1>9lj6qa790ish3il1e57pn3ucvrrtxy0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>6 Samhain</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5611</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331939</id>
      <parentid>1285814</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:41:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conradder</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tarluithe eile */</comment>
      <origin>1331939</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3161" sha1="6x9qscmnstlwurt5eilxwohnec6uhfn" xml:space="preserve">{{Samhain}}
Is é an '''6 Samhain''' an 310ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 311ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 55 lá fágtha sa bhliain.

== Féilte ==
* [[An Phoblacht Dhoiminiceach]] - ''Lá na Poblachta''

== Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo ==
* [[1661]] — [[Séarlas II na Spáinne]], Rí na Spáinne (b. [[1700]])
* [[1771]] — [[Aloys Senefelder]], ceapadóir, aisteoir, agus drámadóir Gearmánach a rugadh i bPrág (b. [[1884]])
* [[1883]] — [[John Brophy]], gníomhaí Meiriceánach ar son an lucht oibre (b. [[1963]])
* [[1887]] — [[Éamonn Mac Giolla Iasachta]], ginealeolaí Éireannach (b [[1986]])
* [[1924]] — [[William Auld]], file Albanach (b.[[2006]])
* [[1929]] — [[Peadar Ó Lochlainn]], ceoltóir Éireannach (b. [[2017]])
* [[1946]] — [[Sally Field]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1956]] — [[Marc Dutroux]], dúnmharfóir srathach Beilgeach
* [[1957]] — [[Cam Clarke]], guthaisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1976]] — [[Carlos Quintana]], dornálaí Pórtó Ríceach
* [[1987]] — [[Ana Ivanović]], imreoir leadóige Seirbiach
* [[1988]] — [[Emma Stone]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1997]] — [[Déaglán Daltúin]], iománaí Éireannach

== Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo ==
* [[1632]] — [[Gustaf Adolf]], rí na Sualainne (r.[[1594]])
* [[1649]] — [[Eoghan Rua Ó Néill]], saighdiúir Éireannach (r. ~1590)
* [[1796]] — [[Caitríona II na Rúise|Caitríona Mhór]], banimpire na Rúise (r.[[1729]])
* [[1822]] — [[Claude Louis Berthollet]], ceimiceoir Francach (r. [[1748]])
* [[1836]] — [[Charles X na Fraince|Charles X]], rí na Fraince (r.[[1757]])
* [[1893]] — [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]], cumadóir Rúiseach (r. [[1840]])
* [[1963]] — [[Daniel Mannix]], easpag Caitliceach (r. [[1864]]) 
* [[1964]] — [[Hans von Euler-Chelpin|Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin]], eolaí Sualannach (r. [[1873]])
* [[2003]] — [[Risteárd Ó Glaisne]], iriseoir agus scríbhneoir Éireannach (r. [[1927]])
* [[2012]] — [[Clive Dunn]], aisteoir Briotanach (r. [[1920]])

== Tarluithe eile ==
* [[963]] - Ghlaoigh [[Otto I, Impire Naofa Rómhánach|Otto I]] ar chomhairle ag [[Baisleac Pheadair]]. Cuireadh [[Pápa Eoin XII]] as oifig mar gur cuireadh é as reibiliún armtha in aghaidh Otto.
* [[1860]] - Toghadh [[Abraham Lincoln]] ina [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] 
* [[1887]] - Bunaíodh [[Celtic Football Club]] ag an [[Andrew Kerins|mbráthair Walfrid]] i n[[Glaschú]]
* [[1900]] - Toghadh [[William McKinley]] ina [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] arís lena chomhiarrthóir, [[Theodore Roosevelt]], mar [[Leasuachtaráin na Stát Aontaithe|Leasuachtaráin]]
* [[1936]] - [[Cogadh Cathartha na Spáinne]]: theith an [[Dara Poblacht na Spáinne|rialtas poblachtach]] ó [[Maidrid|Mhaidrid]] chuig [[Valencia (cathair)|An Vaileinse]]
* [[1956]] - [[Géarchéim Shuais]]: d'fhógair An Ríocht Aontaithe sos cogaidh i ndiaidh brú ó [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]
* [[2012]] - Togadh [[Tammy Baldwin]], an chéad polaiteoir aerach go hoscailte ar an [[Seanad Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]

&lt;!-- idirvicí --&gt;

[[Catagóir:Dátaí|1106]]
[[Catagóir:Míonna|Samhain, 06]]</text>
      <sha1>6x9qscmnstlwurt5eilxwohnec6uhfn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>BBC</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332013</id>
      <parentid>1330462</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:13:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Naisc sheachtracha */</comment>
      <origin>1332013</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5412" sha1="gtu14ep1n3o7m45j5cnr9za9kv3o7qj" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}Is é an '''British Broadcasting Corporation''' ('''BBC''') an craoltóir stáit náisiúnta [[An Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríocht Aontaithe]]. Cuireann sé stáisiúin teilifís analóg [[BBC One]], agus [[BBC Two]], ar fáil agus stáisiúin teilifís digiteach [[BBC Three]], [[BBC Four]], [[BBC News 24]], [[CBBC]], agus [[CBeebies]] ar fáil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=&quot;Éilímis go gcuireann an BBC deireadh leis an phlean acu&quot;|url=https://nos.ie/news/eilimis-go-gcuireann-an-bbc-deireadh-leis-an-phlean-acu-somhairle-mag-uidhir/|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|language=ga-IE|údar=Somhairle Mag Uidhir|dáta=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Íomhá:BBC Television Centre.JPG|220x220px|thumb|BBC Television Centre,  Shepherd's Bush, Londain|clé]]
== Conspóid ==
Ar an 9 Samhain 2025, sheol Donald Trump trína dhlíodóirí litir chuig an BBC inar ghlac sé col leis an eagarthóireacht a rinneadh ar chuid d'óráid a rinne sé in 2021 agus a craoladh ar chlár ''Panorama'' in 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0mx28vlp4wo|teideal=Why is Donald Trump threatening to sue the BBC?|dáta=2025-11-11|language=en-GB|work=www.bbc.com|dátarochtana=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Bhí Trump ag bagairt dlí ar stáisiún craolta an BBC agus billiún dollar mar chúiteamh i gceist leis an gcás dlí.   D'éirigh beirt fheidhmeannach sinsearacha sa BBC as a bpostanna de bharr na conspóide, an tArd Stiúrthóir Tim Davie san áireamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Uachtarán Mheiriceá ag bagairt an dlí ar an BBC|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/1110/1543200-uachtaran-mheiricea-ag-bagairt-an-dli-ar-an-bbc/|date=2025-11-10|language=ga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Raidió ==
Tá dhá stáisiún raidió Breatnaise ag an BBC, Radio Cymru agus BBC Radio Cymru 2 a mbíonn 200 uair a chloig á chraoladh acu agus 90 uair a chloig de chláir trí Ghàidhlig a chraoltar gach seachtain ar BBC Radio na nGàidheal.

Buiséad £12.8 milliún sa bhliain a bhíonn ag craoltóir na Breatnaise agus timpeall £3.7 milliún a bhíonn ag BBC Radio na Gàidheal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ba-choir-don-bbc-athbhreithniu-a-dheanamh-ar-chiorruithe-gaeilge-deeds/|teideal=Ba chóir don BBC athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar chiorruithe Gaeilge – Deeds|dáta=2026-10-21|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:BBC Broadcasting House, Belfast, October 2010 (02).JPG|clé|mion|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:BBC Belfast.JPG|clé|mion|271x271px|BBC TÉ, Ormeau Avenue, Béal Feirste]]

== Aonad Gaeilge an BBC ==
Thart ar 700 fostaí ar fad a bhí ag an BBC ar fud an Tuaiscirt sa bhliain 2026. Is iomaí gradam buaite ag cláracha Gaeilge BBC Thuaisceart Éireann.  Ritheadh feachtais láidre dhíograiseacha ar feadh na mblianta chun roinnt Gaeilge ar Raidió Uladh a bhaint amach i dtús na n-ochtóidí. De réir a chéile méadaíodh líon na gclár go cúig uair an chloig sa tseachtain ach is mar sin a bhí le tamall maith anois.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-imni-e-an-slad-ar-aonad-gaeilge-an-bbc/|teideal=Údar imní é an slad ar Aonad Gaeilge an BBC|údar=Póilín Ní Chiaráin|dáta=21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

D’fhógair ardcheannasaíocht an BBC nin 2026 go gcaithfí caiteachas a chiorrú go mór. Ina theannta sin, d’fhógair BBC Thuaisceart Éireann go raibh foireann Aonad Gaeilge an chraoltóra le laghdú ó chúigear go beirt mar chuid de na ciorruithe atá á ndéanamh acu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  Bhí sé i gceist soláthar breise a chur amach ar conradh chuig comhlachtaí léiriúcháin neamhspleácha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ciorruithe-an-bbc-agus-ronan-mac-aodha-bhui/|teideal=Ciorruithe an BBC agus Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí|údar=Cormac Ó hEadhra|dáta=22 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Príomhalt|BBC Gaeilge}}{{Príomhalt|BBC Thuaisceart Éireann}}

== Stáisiúin ==
=== Teilifís ===
;BBC RA
* [[BBC One]] (1936-)
** [[BBC One|BBC One HD]] (2010-)
* [[BBC Two]] (1967-)
** [[BBC Two|BBC Two HD]] (2013-)
* [[BBC Three]] (2003-)
** [[BBC Three|BBC Three HD]] (2013-)
* [[BBC Four]] (2002-)
** [[BBC Four|BBC Four HD]] (2013-)
* [[BBC News]] (1997-)
* [[BBC Parliament]] (1992-)
* [[CBBC]] (2002-)
* [[CBeebies]] (2002-)
* [[BBC Alba]] (2008-)

;BBC Ar fud an domhain
* [[BBC America]] (1998-)
* [[BBC Entertainment]] (2006-)
* [[BBC Canada]] (2001-)
* [[BBC Kids]] (2001-)
* [[BBC Arabic Television]] (2008-)
* [[BBC Persian Television]] (2009-)
* [[BBC Urdu]]
* [[BBC World News]] (1991-)
* [[BBC HD]] (2006-)

=== Raidió ===
*[[BBC Radio 1]]
**[[BBC Radio 1Xtra]]
*[[BBC Radio 2]]
*[[BBC Radio 3]]
*[[BBC Radio 4]]
*[[BBC Radio 4 Extra]]
*[[BBC Radio 5 Live]]
*[[BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra]]
*[[BBC Radio 6 Music]]
*[[BBC Asian Network]]
*[[BBC Radio Scotland]]
*[[BBC Radio nan Gàidheal]]
*[[BBC Radio Wales]]
*[[BBC Radio Cymru]]
*[[BBC Radio Ulster]]
*[[BBC Radio Foyle]]

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/ bbc.co.uk]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/irish/ BBC Tuaisceart Éireann - Gaeilge ar an BBC]

== Féach freisin ==

* [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]
* [[BBC Gaeilge]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Catagóir:BBC| ]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin teilifíse]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin teilifíse na Breataine]]</text>
      <sha1>gtu14ep1n3o7m45j5cnr9za9kv3o7qj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Spáinn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>7116</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331998</id>
      <parentid>1186858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:06:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>1331998</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="210" sha1="79fo4qdc7w03ehhhuiac79rmxmyqz2j" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Spain}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spáinn, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Ríochtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Spáinn]]</text>
      <sha1>79fo4qdc7w03ehhhuiac79rmxmyqz2j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7692</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332076</id>
      <parentid>1269893</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:31:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Méid áirithe curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332076</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2984" sha1="8k3lm8c55tucls8ia0m4sw8p943xdzk" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Bunaíodh '''Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge''' mar aonad laistigh d'[[Ollscoil na Gaillimhe]] le forbairtí a dhéanamh ar chúrsaí, ar thaighde, ar sheirbhísí agus ar ghníomhaíochtaí ollscoile eile trí mheán na Gaeilge agus le iad a sheachadadh agus a riaradh.

Cuireann clár cúrsaí an Acadaimh deiseanna ar fáil do mhic léinn cur lena gcuid scileanna agus a gcuid saineolais agus tabhairt faoi thaighde i réimsí cosúil leis an gcumarsáid raidió agus teilifíse, an t-aistriúchán, na healaíona, an teicneolaíocht faisnéise agus an t-oideachas.

== Ionaid an Acadaimh ==
Reáchtáiltear clár cúrsaí an Acadaimh ar champas Ollscoil na Gaillimhe; ar an g[[An Cheathrú Rua|Ceathrú Rua]] agus i g[[Carna]] i gCo. na Gaillimhe; agus i n[[Gaoth Dobhair]] i gCo. Dhún na nGall. Is ionaid lán-Ghaeilge iad na hionaid Ghaeltachta. Ina theannta sin, cuirtear an Dioplóma sa Ghaeilge ar fáil i mbreis agus 20 ionad éagsúil ar fud na tíre.

== ''Léann Teanga: An Reiviú'' ==
{{main|Léann Teanga: An Reiviú}}
Foilsítear ''An Reiviú'' mar chuid den chúrsa MA sa Léann Teanga leis an Acadamh. Pléann sé leis na téamaí seo a leanas: An tAistriúchán, Blaiseadh den Litríocht, Cúrsaí Cumarsáide, Dúchas, Léirmheasanna, Pleanáil Teanga, Réamhráite, an tSochtheangeolaíocht, Teagasc Teanga, An Teangeolaíocht, An Teicneolaíocht. Is iris phiarmheasúnaithe í.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Réamonn Ó Ciaráin]]|url=https://leannteangaanreiviu.com/content/reamhra-le-reamonn-o-ciarain-priomhfheidhmeannach-gael-linn/|title=Réamhrá|journal=[[Léann Teanga: An Reiviú]]|issue=12|year=2024|issn=2737-7636}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Stair ==
Sa bhliain 2018 rinneadh an tAcadamh a chomhtháthú le Coláiste na nDán in OnaG.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/athru-mor-struchturtha-le-deanamh-ar-acadamh-na-hollscolaiochta-gaeilge/|teideal=Athrú mór struchtúrtha le déanamh ar Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge|dáta=2026-11-05|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuairiscíodh sa bhliain 2026 go raibh sé i gceist ag an ollscoil an tAcadamh a dhéanamh neamhspleách ar Choláiste na nDán. Bheadh Stiúrthóir Forbartha Gaeilge le ceapadh freisin a bheadh i gceannas ar an Acadamh agus mar Oifigeach Sinsearach na dTeangacha Oifigiúla na hollscoile in éineacht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.acadamh.ie Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge]
* [https://leannteangaanreiviu.com/ ''Léann Teanga: An Reiviú'']

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{An Ghaeltacht}}
{{Síol-oideachas}}

[[Catagóir:Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge| ]]
[[Catagóir:Ollscoil na Gaillimhe]]
[[Catagóir:Oideachas in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Oideachas na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Gaeloideachas]]
[[Catagóir:Gaeltacht]]
[[Catagóir:An Cheathrú Rua]]
[[Catagóir:Carna]]
[[Catagóir:Gaoth Dobhair]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 2004]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 2000í]]</text>
      <sha1>8k3lm8c55tucls8ia0m4sw8p943xdzk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Rómáin</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>8057</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331988</id>
      <parentid>1186845</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:02:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331988</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="254" sha1="f2twc6btn2v70y5j8wk6i01z2mdlvy8" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Romania}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rómáin, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Na Balcáin|Romain, An]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Romain, An]]</text>
      <sha1>f2twc6btn2v70y5j8wk6i01z2mdlvy8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Ísiltír</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>8089</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331993</id>
      <parentid>1186856</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:04:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331993</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="224" sha1="7ph4om8scm667sleqcgip9vibcu2t22" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Netherlands}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ísiltír, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Ríochtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Ísiltír, An]]</text>
      <sha1>7ph4om8scm667sleqcgip9vibcu2t22</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Danmhairg</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>8188</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331977</id>
      <parentid>1186854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:57:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331977</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="232" sha1="ry8mcsfrx8ey3k0limwq4ryxd8sb14d" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Denmark|An Danmhairg}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Danmhairg, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Ríochtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha Nordacha|Danmhairg, An]]</text>
      <sha1>ry8mcsfrx8ey3k0limwq4ryxd8sb14d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brendan Gleeson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8813</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332045</id>
      <parentid>1272424</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:56:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nasc curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332045</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5563" sha1="9vgbkelcq5h7wcn5l576rw5xt51mh7x" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is aisteoir agus léiritheoir Éireannach é '''Brendan Gleeson''' ó [[Baile Átha Cliath|Bhaile Átha Cliath]], [[Poblacht na hÉireann]]. Rugadh é ar [[29 Márta]] [[1955]]. Is faighteoir é de triúr duaiseanna [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]], dhá duaiseanna BIFA, agus duais Emmy amháin. Bhí sé ainmnithe triúr oiread do duais Golden Globe. Tá Gleeson ina chónaí i [[Mullach Íde]], i dtuaisceart Bhaile Átha Cliath.

Cuimsíonn a thaispeántais is cáiliúla róil tachaíochta i Braveheart (1995), Lake Placid (1999), Mission: Impossible 2 (2000), Gangs of New York (2002), 28 Days Later (2002), Troy (2004), mar Alastor Moody sna scannáin &quot;Harry Potter&quot; (2005-10), Albert Nobbs (2011), Edge of Tomorrow (2014) agus Assassin's Creed (2016), agus príomhróil i scannáin mar; In Bruges (2008), The Guard (2011), Calvary (2014), agus Live by Night (2016). Bhuaigh sé duais Emmy i 2009 as a léiriú ar Churchill sa scannán teilifíse Into the Storm.

Is athair é do na haisteoirí [[Domhnall Gleeson]] agus [[Brian Gleeson]] freisin.

== A Shaol ==

Bhain Gleeson céim amach ó [[Coláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath]]. Bhí sé ag obair mar mhúinteoir go dtí go raibh sé 34, nuair a chuaigh sé isteach san aisteoireacht. Tá sé pósta le ceathrar páistí—[[Domhnall Gleeson|Domhnall]], Fergus, Brian agus Rory. Is seinnteoir [[veidhlín]] tréitheach é Gleeson chomh maith, rud atá le feiceáil sa scannán ''Michael Collins''. Tá líofacht sa Ghaeilge aige agus bhí sé páirteach i roinnt gearrscannán as Gaeilge agus cláir as Gaeilge ar an teilifís.

== Scannáin ==

Bhí Gleeson sna scannáin ''Into the West'', ''Gangs of New York'', ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'' agus beagnach 30 ceann eile. I measc na ngearrscannán ina raibh sé, bhí ''[[Cáca Milis]]''.

{|
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
* ''[[Suffragette]]''
(2015)
* ''[[Heart of the Sea]]''
(2015) - 
Old Thomas Nickerson
* [[Amhrán na Mara (scannán)|''Amhrán na Mara'']] - Conor agus Mac Lir
(2014) - 
(voice)
* ''[[Eliza Graves]]''
(2014) - 
The Alienist
* ''[[Sexual Healing]]''
Freddy Cousaert
* ''[[Calvary]]''
(2014) - 
Father James Lavelle
* ''[[The Money]]''
(TV Movie 2014) - 
James Castman
* ''[[1916 Seachtar Dearmadta]]''
(TV Mini-Series 2013) - 
Glór (7 episodes, 2013)
* ''[[The Grand Seduction]]''
(2013) - 
Murray French
* ''[[The Smurfs 2]]''
(2013) - 
Victor
* ''[[Immaturity for Charity]]''
(TV Movie 2012)
Various
* ''[[The Company You Keep]]''
(2012) - 
Henry Osborne
* ''[[So You Want to Be a Pirate!]]''
(Video short 2012)
* ''[[The Pirate with Gout]] ''(voice)
* ''[[The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists!]]''
(2012)
* ''[[The Raven]]''
(2012/I) - 
Capt. Charles Hamilton
* ''[[Safe House]]''
(2012) - 
David Barlow
* ''[[The Cup]]''
(2011) - 
Dermot Weld
* ''[[Albert Nobbs]]''
(2011) - 
Dr. Holloran
* ''[[The Guard]]''
(2011) - 
Gerry Boyle
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part I]]'' (2010) - Mad-Eye Moody
* ''[[Green Zone]]'' (TBA) - saighdiúir Meiriceánach
* ''[[Churchill at War]]'' (2008) - [[Winston Churchill]]
* ''[[In Bruges]]'' (2008) - Ken
* ''[[Beowulf (scannán)|Beowulf]]'' (2007) - Wiglaf
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' (2007) - Mad-Eye Moody
* ''[[Studs]]'' (2006) - Walter Keegan
* ''[[Six Shooter]]'' - Donnelly
* [[The Tiger's Tail|''The Tiger's Tail'']]'' (2006) -'' Liam O'Leary
* ''[[Black Irish]]'' (2006) - Desmond
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'' (2005) - Mad-Eye Moody
* ''[[Breakfast on Pluto (scannán)|Breakfast on Pluto]]'' (2005) - John Joe Kenny
* ''[[Kingdom of Heaven]]'' (2005) - Raynald of Chatillon
* ''[[The Village]]'' (2004) - August Nicholson
* ''[[Troy]]'' (2004) - [[Meinealás]]
* ''[[Cold Mountain]]'' (2003) - Stobrod Thewes
* ''[[Dark Blue]]'' (2002) - Jack Van Meter
* ''[[Gangs of New York]]'' (2002) - Walter 'Monk' McGinn
|width=&quot;50&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
* ''[[28 Days Later]]'' (2002) - Frank
* ''[[Cáca Milis]]'' (2001) - An fear dall
* ''[[Artificial Intelligence: AI]]'' (2001) - Lord Johnson-Johnson
* ''[[The Tailor of Panama]]'' (2001) - Michelangelo 'Mickie' Abraxas
* ''[[Mission Impossible II]]'' (2000) - John C. McCloy
* ''[[Harrison's Flowers]] (2000)' - Marc Stevenson
* ''[[Lake Placid (scannán)|Lake Placid]]'' (1999) - Sheriff Hank Keough
* ''[[This Is My Father]]'' (1998) - Garda Jim
* ''[[The General (scannán)|The General]]'' (1998) - Martin Cahill
* ''[[I Went Down]]'' (1997) - Bunny Kelly
* ''[[Michael Collins (scannán)|Michael Collins]]'' (1996) - [[Liam Tobin]]
* ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995) - Hamish Campbell
* ''[[Kidnapped]]'' (1995) - Colin Campbell of Glenure, the Red Fox
* ''[[The Snapper]]'' (1993) - Lester
* ''[[Into the West]]'' (1992) - Inspector Bolger
* ''[[Far and Away]]'' (1992) - Social Club Policeman
* ''[[The Field]]'' (1990) - Quarryman
* ''[[The Treaty]]'' (1990) - [[Mícheál Ó Coileáin]]
|}

== Naisc Sheachtracha ==

* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0322407/ Internet Movie Database - eolas faoin aisteoir seo.]

{{Síol-aisteoir}}
{{Síol-scannán}}
{{Síol-beath-ie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gleeson, Brendan}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1955]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Aisteoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni COBÁC]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Fidléirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Léiritheoirí scannán]]
[[Catagóir:Peileadóirí Bhaile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Stiúrthóirí scannán Éireannacha]]</text>
      <sha1>9vgbkelcq5h7wcn5l576rw5xt51mh7x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kíla</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8841</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332055</id>
      <parentid>1226714</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:03:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mionathruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332055</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9908" sha1="m29uiuytiavernvqs1pfr273332gz44" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Buíon cheoil Gaelach clúiteach as [[Baile Átha Cliath|Bleá Cliath]], [[Éire]] iad '''Kíla''' a bunaíodh sa bhliain [[1987]] i [[Coláiste Eoin|gColáiste Eoin]].

== Stair ==
Bunaíodh Kíla sa bhliain 1987 sa mheánscoil lán-Ghaeige [[:en:Coláiste_Eoin|Coláiste Eoin]]; 

Sa chéad bhliain théifidis ag boscáil ar Shráid Grafton beagnach gach seachtain agus ar a bharr sin sheinn siad 44 ceolchoirm. An chuid ba mhó acu ag seoltaí leabhar [[Coiscéim]] (chomhlacht foilsitheoireachta athar na Snodach), oscailtí taispeántais ealaíne [[Clíodna Cussen|Cliodhna Cussen]], 9máthar Chlann Uí Snodaigh) nó ag seoltaí feachtas polaitiúla a ndearthár [[Aengus Ó Snodaigh]]. Sheinn siad a gcéad cheolchoirm da gcuid féin le táille isyeach thuas staighre sa Baggot Inn ach níor fhreastail ach triúr air, duine acu an craoltóir [[Bláthnaid Ní Chofaigh]]. 

i 1988 shroich siad babhta ceannais an comórtas náisiúnta Slógadh ach bhí na breithimh crua orthu agus dúirt nach ceol traidisiunta a bhí á sheimn acu mar gur sheinn siad píosa ceol nuachumtha de chuid Cholim Uí Shnodaigh agus mar go raibh dord á seinnt.

Go nuige seo (2024) Sheinn Kíla ag seinm i 35 tír ar chúig mhór-roinn agus ag cuid de na féilte is mó ar domhan, leithéidí Montreaux Jazz Festival, Cambridge Folk Festival, Rainforest World Music Festival i mBorneo, an Electric Picnic, Womadelaide, Glastonbury, féile Sziget na hUngáire, Féile Uisce Stócólm, Féile Challainn na hAlban gan trácht ar an iliomad féilte ceoil Gaelach agus Ceilteach sna Stáit Aontaithe, Ceanada agus sa Spáinn. Sheinn siad freisin ag Searmanas Oscailte na gCluichí Oilimpeacha Speisialta in Éirinn (2003) agus tá ceol cumtha acu do scannáin agus don teilifís agus ainmníodh iad do Oscars agus bhuaigh siad iliomad gradam dá gcuid ceoil.

Thosaigh an bhuíon faoin ainm Kíla nuair a dtáinig an dá dheartháir Karl agus Dave Odlum isteach sa bhanna. B'iad an bhun bhaill an ghrúpa roimhe sin ná Rossa Ó Snodaigh (feadóg, cnámha), Rónán Ó Snodaigh (bodhrán), Eoin Dillon (píobaí uilinn), Colm Mac Con Iomaire (fidil). Sa bhliain 1988 tháinig Colm Ó Snodaigh (Fiúit, Amhránaí) isteach sa bhanna sula ndeachaigh siad thar lear chun seinm ag a gcéad fhéile sa Ghearmáin agus roimh a gcéad taifeadadh acu. 

I 2003, i léirmheas ar a n-albam Luna Park, tugadh creidiúint do chumasc Kíla de cheol traidisiúnta na hÉireann agus de cheol domhanda le híogaireacht rac nua-aimseartha as beocht úr a thabhairt  go ceol dúchasach comhaimseartha na hÉireann.[1]

In 2008 thaifead Kíla, in éineacht le U2, Shane MacGowan, Sinéad O’Connor, Glen Hansard, Damien Dempsey, The Dubliners, agus go leor ealaíontóirí eile “The Ballad of Ronnie Drew”.

In 2010, chomhoibrigh an banna leis an gcumadóir Francach ''Bruno Coulais'' ar fhuaimrian an scannáin beochana de chuid [[Cartoon Saloon]] [[Rún Cheanannais Mhóir|The Secret of Kells / Rún Cheanannais Mhóir]] agus ainmníodh é d'Oscar. An bhliain chéanna bhí a gcuid ceoil le sonrú go mór in dtrí phríomhscannán eile -  ''Beyond the Fire''  le Maeve Murphy's agus Trafficked le Ciarán O'Connor agus scannán faisnéise ''Fight or Flight''  le Peter J. Mc Carthy, a bhfuil go leor duaiseanna buaite aige. 

Go déanach in 2011, d’fhoilsigh KílaLeabhair Foinn le breis agus 100  fonn agus grianghraif, dánta agus próis ann, ‘Sárshaothar' an cuir síos a bhí ag Seán Laffey ó Irish Music Magazine ar an leabhar mar . 

D’fhéadfaí ‘bliain na ngradam agus na n-ainmniúchán’ do Kíla a thabhairt ar 2015. Chomhoibrigh siad le Bruno Coulais arís ar an gceol don ghné bheoite a d’ainmnigh Oscar, Song of the Sea. Fuair ​​siad ainmniúchán do Ghradam Annie le haghaidh ‘Gnóthachtáil Sármhaith sa Cheol i Léiriú Gné Beoite’. Fuair ​​siad ainmniúchán Emmy freisin as a gcuid oibre ar an léiriú Crossing The Line ar a dtugtar 'The Secret Life of the Shannon'.

In 2020, thaifead Kíla ceol do dhá scannán eile: d’ainmnigh Oscar Cartoon Saloon ''Wolfwalkers'' a bhain ilghradam, agus an chéad scannán le Tomás Ó Súilleabháin ''[[Arracht (scannán)|Arracht]]'' a bhí mar iontráil ag [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] do na Oscars. Ainmníodh ''Arracht'' do 11 ghradam IFTA agus bhuaigh sé dhá cheann le Kíla ag bronnadh an Scór Bunaidh ab fhearr.

Le linn an dá ghlas glas Covid, rinne siad sé cheolchoirm faoi ghlas ar líne a chríochnaigh le craoladh Lá Fhéile Pádraig ar théama Wolfwalker ag dul beo chuig consalachtaí uile na hÉireann ar fud an domhain agus tar éis an ghlasála chuaigh siad ar camchuairt agus léirigh siad 3 chlár níos mó – Kíla &amp; Tumble Circus (Meán Fómhair 2021), Kíla le Prás - (Oíche Chinn Bhliana 2021), Kíla &amp; Cairde do Tradfest sa Staidiam Náisiúnta (Eanáir -2022).

== Baill ==
Is iomaí athrú atá tagtha ar bhaill Kíla idir 1987 2004. Sa bhliain 1988 tháinig Colm Ó Snodaigh isteach sa ghrúpa, I 1991, d’fhág an fidléir [[Colm Mac Con Iomaire]] agus an giotáraí Dave Odlum chun seinnt go lán-aimseartha le buíon [[Glen Hansard]], [[The Frames]]. Sa bhliain céanna tháinig Dee Armstrong in áit Colm ar an bhfidil agus in áit Dave Odlum tháinig an ngiotáraí rithime Eoin O’Brien agus an ngiotáraí áibhléiseach Dave Reidy, a racadh ar imirce go San Francisco bliain dar gcionn, ach ní sul má d'fhág sé a riain ar cheol Kíla ar an gcéad taifead leo dar tedeal '''Groovin''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' i 1989. I 1993 d’imigh Karl Odlum chun seinnt go lánaimseartha le buíon Mick Christopher, ''The Mary Janes'' agus tháinig an dordadóir [[Snagcheol|snagcheoil]] Ed Kelly ina áit. D'fhág Ed agus Eoin O’Brien tar éis dóibh ''Mind The Gap'' a eisiúint i 1995. Ghlac an drumadóir agus giotáraí rithime Lance Hogan áit Eoin agus líon Laurence O Keefe isteach go sealadach ar an dord go dtí gur ghlac Brian Hogan an post sin i 1996 sular taifeadadh Tóg É Go Bog É. In 2009, ghlac an giotáraí Connalach Seanán Brennan áit Lance nuair a bhí sos gairme á ghlacadh aige agus i 2010 iarradh ar an drumadóir Dave Hingerty theacht isteach chun seinnt leo ar na drumaí. Sa bhliain 2015, d’fhág an píobaire Eoin Dillon agus tháinig James Mahon i gcorbach air siúd. Ansin sa bhlian 2023, d'éirigh Dee Armstong as a bheith ag seinnt leis an mbanna go lán-aimseartha.
* Rossa Ó Snodaigh ''(1987 - dtí inniu)''
* [[Rónán Ó Snodaigh]] ''(1987 - dtí inniu)''
* [[Colm Ó Snodaigh]] ''(1988 - dtí inniu)''
* [[Brian Hogan]] ''(1995 - dtí inniu)''
* [[Seanan Brennan|Seanán Brennan]] ''(2009 - dtí inniu)''
* [http://www.davehingerty.ie/ David Hingerty] ''(2010 - dtí inniu)''
* [http://www.jamesmahonmusic.com/ James Mahon] ''(2015- dtí inniu)''

=== Iar-bhaill  ===

* Dee Armstrong: Fidil ''(1991 - 2023)''
* Eóin Dillon: Píobaí Uileann ''(1987 - 2015)''
* Lance Hogan: Giotár, Djembe, Drumaí ''(1995 - 2009)''
* Laurence O'Keefe: Dord ''(1995 - 96)''
* Eóin O'Brien: Accoustic and Electric guitar ''(1991 - 1995)''
* Ed Kelly: Dord ''(1993 - 1995)''
* David Reidy: Giotár Aibhléiseach ''(1991-92)''
* Karl Odlum: Dord ''(1987-93)''
* Dave Odlum:  Giotár  ''(1987-91)''
* [[Colm Mac Con Iomaire]]: Fidil ''(1987-91)''

== Dlúth-Cheirníní ==
* ''[[Groovin']]'' (1991) -  6 raon. Téip amháin
* ''[[Handel's Fantasy]]'' (1993) atheisíodh mar DC é.
* ''[[Mind The Gap]]'' (1995) - Téip agus DC
* ''[[Tóg É Go Bog É]]'' (1997) -Téip agus DC. Eisithe mar cheirnín (2017)
* ''[[Lemonade &amp; Buns]]'' (2000) - Téip agus DC
* ''[[Live in Vicar St.]]'' (2000) DC
* ''[[Monkey]]'' (2002) - fuaimrian don geamaireacht Nollaig, ar an dTaobh Thiar, i Londain 2001
* ''[[Luna Park]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Live in Dublin]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Best off &amp; Live in Dublin Double Album]]'' - (2005) Sa tSeapéain amháin  
* ''[[Another Beat]]'' - (2006)  ath-mheascadh ar raonta ag ceoltóirí seapánacha - Sa tSeapéain amháin 
* ''[[Kíla and Oki]]'' (2006) 
* ''[[Gamblers' Ballet]] '' (2007) - foinn rinnciúil ar fad
* ''[[Rogha - The Best of]] '' (2009) Dlúcheirnín dúbalta de rogha raonta os na dlúth cheirníní go dtí sin.
* ''[[Rún Cheanannais Mhóir]]''  (2009) - fuaimrian a cumadh leis an cumadóir, Bruno Coulais, don spionn-scannán, a ainmníodh do [[Gradaim an Acadaimh|Oscar]] i [[2009]]
* ''[[Soisín]]'' (2010) - foinn bog nó mall ar fad 
*''Suas Síos'' (2014) - 
*''[[Amhrán na Mara (scannán)|Amhrán na Mara]]'' - (2015) fuaimrian don bheochan (Song of The Sea) le Bruno Coulais
*''Alive - Beo''  (2017) Albam de cheol ar taifeadadh beo i dTamhlacht agus i Vicar Street. Eisíodh mar cheirnín é freisin.

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.kila.ie/ Kíla.ie]
* [http://www.beo.ie/2003-02/agallamh.asp Agallamh le Colm Ó Snodaigh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050506223908/http://www.beo.ie/2003-02/agallamh.asp |date=2005-05-06 }}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTiSak8r9P8 Secret of Kells - amhrán] Liricí: Pangur bán, Pangur bán,; Níl sa saol seo ach ceo; is ni bheimid beo; ach seal beag gear.

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Bannaí a chanann i nGaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Grúpaí ceoil bunaithe sa bhliain 1987]]
[[Catagóir:Buaiteoirí Ghradam NÓS sa rannóg Albam na Bliana (Nuacheol)]]
[[Catagóir:Buaiteoirí Ghradam NÓS sa rannóg Banna / Ceoltóir na Bliana]]
[[Catagóir:Gearrliostaí Ghradam NÓS sa rannóg Amhrán na Bliana]]
[[Catagóir:Gearrliostaí Ghradam NÓS sa rannóg Albam na Bliana (Nuacheol)]]
[[Catagóir:Gearrliostaí Ghradam NÓS sa rannóg Físeán na Bliana]]
[[Catagóir:Gearrliostaí Ghradam NÓS sa rannóg Ealaín na Bliana]]
[[Catagóir:Gearrliostaí Ghradam NÓS sa rannóg Banna / Ceoltóir na Bliana]]
[[Catagóir:Gearrliostaí Ghradam NÓS sa rannóg Gig Bheo na Bliana]]</text>
      <sha1>m29uiuytiavernvqs1pfr273332gz44</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Ghearmáin</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>9131</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331984</id>
      <parentid>1186838</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:00:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331984</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="252" sha1="fl9n0nkb9c6ybzj3tt8x9161zvs9us7" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Germany}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gearmáin, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Náisiúin G-20]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Ghearmáin, An]]</text>
      <sha1>fl9n0nkb9c6ybzj3tt8x9161zvs9us7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Pholainn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>9665</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331990</id>
      <parentid>1186843</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:03:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331990</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="217" sha1="m5t5xkbkagl93y2jheipz4vhkcpmu9i" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Poland}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Polainn, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Pholainn, An]]</text>
      <sha1>m5t5xkbkagl93y2jheipz4vhkcpmu9i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Freddie Mercury</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9711</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332096</id>
      <parentid>1293874</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T03:56:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lapin kuski</username>
        <id>78616</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Bás */</comment>
      <origin>1332096</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16237" sha1="9pzo5xnvts754lii495nglqbe6xol3q" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

[[Ceoltóir]] [[Sasana]]ch-[[An India|Indiach]] ab ea '''Freddie Mercury''' ([[5 Meán Fómhair]], [[1946]] - [[24 Samhain]], [[1991]]). Rugadh é in Zanzibar, de phór Parsi, leis an ainm '''Farrokh Bulsara'''. Bhí Mercury ina amhránaí leis an mbanna an-rathúil Sasanach [[Queen]] ó [[1970]] go dtí a bhás i [[1991]].  

Is mórphearsa [[Cultúr|chultúir]] é, fós inniu. Thabharfá suntas dá ghlór. Bhí [[guth]] ar leith aige le cloisteáil os cionn an [[Ceol|cheoil]]. Deirtear gurb é duine de na siamsóirí is fearr sa [[rac-cheol]] riamh.  

[[Cumadóireacht|Cumadóir]] tréitheach a bhí ann chomh maith, a sheinn an [[giotár]], an [[pianó]] agus an [[sintéiseoir]]. B'eisean a scríobh na hamhráin cháiliúla ''Bohemian Rhapsody'', ''We Are The Champions'' agus ''Crazy Little Thing Called Love''. 

Fuair Mercury amach go raibh [[SEIF]] air i [[1987]], agus cailleadh é sa bhliain [[1991]].

== Saol go luath ==
{{Reflist}}Rugadh Mercury mar Farrokh Bulsara i [[:en:Stone_Town|mBaile Cloch]] i [[:en:British_protectorate|gcúram na Breataine]] i Zanzibar (atá anois mar chuid den Tansáin) an 5ú lá  Meán Fómhair 1946. Ba iad a thuismitheoirí, Bomi (1908–2003) agus Jer (1922–2016) Bulsara, [[:en:Parsis|Parsis]] ó réigiún Gujarat de chúige Uachtaránacht Bombay in India na Breataine agus bhí bunús acu i gcathair Valsad i Gujarat. 

Bhog siad go Zanzibar ionas go bhféadfadh Bomi leanúint dá phost mar airgeadóir in Oifig Choilíneach na Breataine. Mar Parsis, chleacht an teaghlach Bulsara an reiligiún Zoroastrian. Rugadh é le ceithre clárfhiacail den scoth, agus chuir sé a raon gutha feabhsaithe in iúl dó. Ó tharla gur cosantóir Briotanach é Zanzibar go dtí 1963, rugadh Mercury ina ábhar Briotanach, agus ar 2 Meitheamh 1969 cláraíodh é ina shaoránach den Ríocht Aontaithe agus ina choilíneachtaí tar éis don teaghlach dul ar imirce go Sasana. Ghlac a dheirfiúr níos óige, Kashmira Bulsara, atá lonnaithe anois i Nottingham, sloinne a fir chéile tar éis dó Roger Cooke a phósadh. 
[[Íomhá:Freddy Statue Montreux Sunset.jpg|clé|mion]]
Chaith Mercury an chuid is mó dá óige san India, áit ar thosaigh sé ag cur ceachtanna pianó ag ag seacht mbliana d'aois agus é ag maireachtáil le gaolta. I 1954, agus é ocht mbliana d'aois, seoladh Mercury chun staidéar a dhéanamh ag Scoil Naomh Peadair, scoil chónaithe do bhuachaillí i stíl na Breataine, in Panchgani in aice le Bombay. Ag dhá bhliain déag d'aois, bhunaigh sé banna scoile, na Hectics, agus chum sé ealaíontóirí carraige agus rolla ar nós [[:en:Cliff_Richard|Cliff Richard]] agus [[:en:Little_Richard|Little Richard]]. Thosaigh sé ag glaoch air féin mar &quot;Freddie&quot; ag Scoil Naomh Peadar. D'fhreastail sé freisin ar [[:en:St._Mary's_School,_Mumbai|Scoil Naomh Muire, Mumbai]]. I mí Feabhra 1963 bhog sé ar ais go Zanzibar áit a ndeachaigh sé isteach ina thuismitheoirí ag a árasán. 

I 1964, theith Mercury agus a theaghlach ó Zanzibar chun éalú ó fhoréigean na réabhlóide i gcoinne Sultan Zanzibar agus a rialtas Arabach den chuid is mó, inar maraíodh na mílte hArabaigh agus Indians eitneacha. Bhog siad isteach i dteach beag ag 22 Ascaill Gladstone Feltham, [[:en:Middlesex|Middlesex]], Sasana. Tar éis staidéar a dhéanamh ar an ealaín ar dtús in Isleworth Polytechnic in Iarthar Londain, rinne Mercury staidéar ar ealaín agus dearadh grafach [[:en:Ealing_Art_College|i gColáiste Ealaíne Ealing]], agus bhain sé amach dioplóma i 1969. D'úsáid sé na scileanna seo ina dhiaidh sin chun airm araltais a dhearadh dá bhanna 'Queen'. 

Tar éis dó a chéim a bhaint amach, chuaigh Mercury isteach i sraith bandaí agus dhíol sé éadaí athláimhe i Margadh Kensington i Londain le cailín Mary Austin. Bhí post aige freisin mar láimhseálaí bagáiste ag Aerfort Heathrow. Is cuimhin le cairde ón am gur fear óg ciúin agus cúthail é a bhfuil spéis mhór aige sa cheol. I 1969, chuaigh sé isteach sa bhanna ‘Ibex’ atá lonnaithe i Learpholl agus a athainmníodh ina dhiaidh sin mar 'Wreckage'. Bhí sé ina chónaí in árasán os cionn an Dovedale Towers, teach tábhairne gar do Penny Lane i gceantar Chnoc Mossley i Learpholl. Nuair a theip ar an mbanna seo éirí as, chuaigh sé isteach i mbanna ‘Sour Milk’, atá bunaithe in Oxford, ach ag tús 1970 bhí an grúpa seo briste suas chomh maith.

I mí Aibreáin 1970, chuaigh Mercury i gcomhar leis an giotáraí Brian May agus an drumadóir Roger Taylor, le bheith ina phríomhamhránaí dá bhanna 'Smile'. Tháinig an t-bass John Deacon leo i 1971. Roghnaigh Mercury an t-ainm &quot;Queen&quot; don bhanda nua. Dúirt sé ina dhiaidh sin, &quot;Is léir go bhfuil sé an-chiallmhar, agus go bhfuil sé go hiontach. Is ainm láidir é, uilíoch agus láithreach. Ag an am céanna, d'athraigh sé a shloinne, Bulsara go Mercury.

== Ealaíontacht ==

=== Guth ===
[[Íomhá:FreddieMercuryRange.jpg|link=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Domh%C3%A1:FreddieMercuryRange.jpg|mion|120x120px]]
Cé gur thit guth labhartha Mercury sa raon baritone go nádúrtha, thug sé an chuid is mó de na hamhráin sa raon tionachta. Leathnaigh a raon gutha aitheanta ó dhord íseal F (F2) go soprano ard F. Dúirt an príomhamhránaí 'The Who', Roger Daltrey, go bhféadfadh Mearcair rud ar bith a chanadh. D'fhéadfadh sé a stíl a athrú ó líne go líne.

=== '''Scríbhneoireacht amhrán''' ===

Scríobh Mercury 10 gcinn de na 17 amhránaí ar albam ‘Queens [[:en:Greatest_Hits_(Queen_album)|Greatest Hits]]’: &quot;[[:en:Bohemian_Rhapsody|Bohemian Rhapsody]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Seven_Seas_of_Rhye|Seven Seas of Rhye]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Killer_Queen|Killer Queen&quot;]], &quot;[[:en:Somebody_to_Love_(Queen_song)|Somebody to Love]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Good_Old-Fashioned_Lover_Boy|Good Old-Fashioned Lover Boy]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:We_Are_the_Champions|We Are the Champions]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Bicycle_Race|Bicycle Race]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Don't_Stop_Me_Now|Don't Stop Me Now]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Crazy_Little_Thing_Called_Love|Crazy Little Thing Called Love]]&quot;, and &quot;[[:en:Play_the_Game_(song)|Play the Game]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://secondhandsongs.com/artist/3337/works|teideal=Songs written by Freddie Mercury {{!}} SecondHandSongs|work=secondhandsongs.com|dátarochtana=2020-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 2005 bronnadh Gradam Ivor Novello ar gach ball den bhanda as Bailiúchán Amhrán Amhrán ó [[:en:The_Ivors_Academy|Acadamh na Scríbhneoirí, Cumadóirí agus Údair na Breataine.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Ivors Academy|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Ivors_Academy&amp;oldid=932355519|journal=Wikipedia|date=2019-12-25|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bhain Mercury úsáid as raon leathan seánraí, lena n-áirítear, i measc stíleanna eile, carraigín, carraig fhorásach, miotal trom, soiscéal, agus dioscó. Cé gur minic a scríobh Mercury comhchuibhithe an-chasta, mhaígh sé gurbh fhéidir leis ceol a léamh ar éigean. Scríobh sé an chuid is mó dá chuid amhrán ar an bpianó agus bhain sé úsáid as réimse leathan sínithe. 

=== Taibheoir beo ===
Tugadh Mearcair faoi deara as a chuid léirithe beo, a léirigh sé ar fud an domhain. Scríobh Brian May, giotáraí na Banríona, go bhféadfadh Mercury a dhéanamh &quot;Go mbraitheann an duine deireanach ar chúl an seastáin is faide i staidiam go raibh baint aige leis”.  Ba é príomh-frapa Mercury ar an stáitse seastán ná an micreafón briste, rud a d'úsáid sé go leor bealaí éagsúla. 

Reáchtáladh ceann de na léirithe is suntasaí le Mercury leis an mBanríon ag [[:en:Live_Aid|Live Aid]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Live Aid|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live_Aid&amp;oldid=941778455|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-02-20|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; i 1985. Ba é grúpa feidhmeannaigh ceoil a vótáil ar fheidhmíocht na Banríona ag an ócáid ​​mar an léiriú beo is mó i stair an cheoil rac-cheol. Le linn a gairm, rinne Mercury meastachán ar 700 ceolchoirm i dtíortha ar fud an domhain le 'Queen'. Bhí feidhmíocht [[:en:Concerts_at_Knebworth_House|bheo dheiridh]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Concerts at Knebworth House|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concerts_at_Knebworth_House&amp;oldid=926076674|journal=Wikipedia|date=2019-11-14|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mercury le ‘Queen’ ar siúl an 9 Lúnasa 1986 ag [[:en:Knebworth_House|Páirc Knebworth]] i Sasana agus meastar go raibh tinreamh níos airde ná 160,000 ann.

Imríodh an t-amhrán náisiúnta &quot;God Save the Queen&quot; ag deireadh na ceolchoirme, i gcás ghníomh deiridh Mercury, bhí róba aige, a raibh coróin órga air, ag fágáil slán leis an slua.

=== '''Ionstraimí''' ===
Mar bhuachaill óg san India, fuair Mercury oiliúint fhoirmiúil pianó suas go naoi mbliana d'aois. Níos déanaí, agus é ina chónaí i Londain, d'fhoghlaim sé giotár. Bhí an chuid is mó den cheol a thaitin leis dírithe ar ghiotár: ba iad na healaíontóirí is fearr leis ag an am ná ‘The Who’, ‘The Beatles’, ‘Jimi Hendrix’, ‘David Bowie’, agus ‘Led Zeppelin’. Ón 1982, chomhoibrigh Mercury le Morgan Fisher,  agus ó 1985 chomhoibrigh Mercury ar aghaidh le Mike Moran (sa stiúideo) agus le Spike Edney (i gceolchoirm). 

=== '''Gairm bheatha aonair''' ===
[[Íomhá:FreddieMercurySinging1977.jpg|mion]]
Chomh maith lena chuid oibre le 'Queen', d'eisigh Mercury dhá albam aonair agus roinnt singil. Cé nach raibh a chuid oibre aonair chomh rathúil leis an gcuid is mó de na halbaim 'Queen', rinne cuid dá chuid amhrán an 'Top 10 UK Music Charts'. Bhí a chéad iarracht ar a amhrán i 1972 nuair a bhí Robin Geoffrey Cable ag obair i dtionscadal ceoil. Rinne Mercury na príomh-ghutha ar na hamhráin “I Can Hear Music” agus “Goin 'Back”, cé a scaoileadh sa bhliain 1973. Ba iad an dá albam as Mecury iomlán taobh amuigh den bhanda ná 'Mr. Bad Guy '(1985) agus' Barcelona '(1988).  Rinne an chéad albam, ‘Mr Bad Guy’, sa 'Top 10 UK Music Charts’.  

== Saol pearsanta ==
[[Íomhá:Freddie Mercury statue, Liverpool - DSC00007.JPG|clé|mion]]

=== Caidreamh ===
Go luath sna 1970idí, bhí caidreamh Fadtréimhseach ag Mercury le Mary Austin, ar bhuail sé leis tríd an ngiotáraí Brian May. Bhí sé ina chónaí le Austin ar feadh roinnt blianta in [[:en:West_Kensington|West Kensington]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=West Kensington|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Kensington&amp;oldid=943585286|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-03-02|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Londain. Faoi lár na 1970idí, bhí caidreamh tosaithe aige le feidhmeannach taifead Meiriceánach fireann ag [[:en:Elektra_Records|Elektra Records]]. I mí na Nollag 1976, d’inis Mearcair do Austin faoina ghnéasacht, a chuir deireadh lena gcaidreamh rómánsúil.  Bhog Mercury amach as an árasán a roinn siad, isteach i 12 Ardán Stafford i Kensington, agus cheannaigh Austin áit dá cuid féin in aice láimhe. D’fhan siad ina gcairde tríd na blianta, agus is minic a thagair Mercury di mar an t-aon chara ceart a bhí aige. 

Faoi 1985, chuir sé tús le caidreamh fadtéarmach eile leis an gruagaire a rugadh in Éirinn Jim Hutton (1949–2010). Bhí Hutton, a thástáil HIV-deimhneach i 1990, ina chónaí le Mearcair ar feadh na sé bliana deireanacha dá shaol, ag altranas dó le linn a bhreoiteachta, agus bhí sé i láthair ag taobh a leapa nuair a d’éag sé. Dúirt Hutton go bhfuair Mearcair bás ag caitheamh an bhanna bainise a thug Hutton dó.

== Breoiteacht ==

I mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1986, thuairiscigh preas na Breataine go ndearnadh tástáil fola ar Mhearcair le haghaidh HIV / SEIF i gclinic ar [[:en:Harley_Street|Shráid Harley]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Harley Street|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harley_Street&amp;oldid=942785557|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-02-26|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. De réir a pháirtí Jim Hutton, rinneadh Mercury a dhiagnóisiú le SEIF go déanach i mí Aibreáin 1987. [[:en:1990_Brit_Awards|Ag Gradaim Brit 1990]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=1990 Brit Awards|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1990_Brit_Awards&amp;oldid=911516644|journal=Wikipedia|date=2019-08-19|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a tionóladh in [[:en:Dominion_Theatre|Amharclann Dominion]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dominion Theatre|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominion_Theatre&amp;oldid=944329504|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-03-07|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Londain, an 18 Feabhra, rinne Mercury a chuma dheiridh ar an stáitse nuair a chuaigh sé leis an gcuid eile den Bhanríon chun Gradam Brit as an Rhanníocaíocht Sármhaith le Ceol na Breataine a bhailiú. Shéan Mercury agus a chiorcal istigh de chomhghleacaithe agus de chairde na scéalta go leanúnach'''.''' Choinnigh Mercury a riocht príobháideach chun iad siúd is gaire dó a chosaint; Dheimhnigh May ina dhiaidh sin gur chuir Mearcair an banna ar an eolas i bhfad níos luaithe. Tar éis dó a chuid oibre leis Queen a chríochnú i Meitheamh 1991, chuaigh Mercury ar scor dá theach cónaithe i Kensington, Iarthar Londain. Bhí a iarpháirtnéir, Mary Austin, ina chompord ar leith ina bhlianta deireanacha, agus le cúpla seachtain anuas thug sé cuairteanna rialta chun aire a thabhairt dó. Ag druidim le deireadh a shaoil, thosaigh Mercury a radharc a chailleadh, agus dhiúltaigh sé ionas nach raibh sé in ann a leaba a fhágáil. Roghnaigh Mercury a bhás a ghéarú trí chógas a dhiúltú agus níor ghlac sé ach pianmhúchán. 

== Bás ==
[[Íomhá:Hannover7909.jpg|mion|Mercury (1977)]]
Ar tráthnóna an 24 Samhain 1991, d’éag Mearcair ag aois 45 ina theach cónaithe i Kensington.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/music/1208498/Freddie-Mercury-died-November-1991-AIDS-home-friends-Mary-Austin-Jim-Hutton-Queen-band|teideal=Freddie Mercury final hours revealed by closest friends: THIS happened the moment he died|údar=Stefan Kyriazis|dáta=2019-11-24|language=en|work=Express.co.uk|dátarochtana=2020-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba é an chúis bháis ná niúmóine bronchial a d'eascair as SEIF. Rinne sagart ag [[:en:Kensal_Green_Cemetery|Crematorium West Londain]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Kensal Green Cemetery|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kensal_Green_Cemetery&amp;oldid=945613721|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-03-15|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; seirbhís sochraide Mercury an 27 Samhain 1991. I láthair ag seirbhís Mercury bhí a theaghlach agus 35 dá dhlúthchairde, Elton John agus baill na Queen ina measc. De réir mhianta Mearcair, ghlac Mary Austin seilbh ar a hiarsmaí [[:en:Cremation|créamtha]] agus adhlacadh iad in áit neamhnochta. Choinnigh Mercury formhór mór a rachmais, lena n-áirítear a theach agus ríchíosanna a thaifeadadh, do Mary Austin, agus an chuid eile dá tuismitheoirí agus dá dheirfiúr. D’fhág sé £ 500,000 chuig a chócaire, Joe Fanelli; £ 500,000 dá chúntóir pearsanta, Peter Freestone; £ 100,000 dá thiománaí, Terry Giddings; agus £ 500,000 do Jim Hutton.

== ''Bohemian Rhapsody'' ==
[[Íomhá:Bohemian Rhapsody.jpg|mion|alt=|clé]]
Scannán [[:en:Drama_(film_and_television)|drámaíochta beathaisnéise]] 2018 is ea Bohemian Rhapsody faoi Freddie Mercury. Ba é Bryan Singer a stiúraigh ó thaispeántas scáileáin le Anthony McCarten, agus arna léiriú ag Graham King agus bainisteoir na Banríona Jim Beach.

Scaoileadh an scannán sa Ríocht Aontaithe an 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2018 agus sna Stáit Aontaithe an 2 Samhain 2018. Fuair ​​sé léirmheasanna measctha ó chriticeoirí; Cáineadh a phortráid de ghnéasacht agus shaol Mercury agus baill eile an bhanna, ach fuair feidhmíocht Malek agus na seichimh ceoil moladh.

== Leabharliosta ==

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mercury, Freddie}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1946]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1991]]
[[Catagóir:Amhránaithe is scríbhneoirí Sasanacha]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna de bharr galair]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Briotanacha de shliocht Áiseach]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine de chuid na hAfraice]]
[[Catagóir:Fir déghnéasacha]]
[[Catagóir:Léiritheoirí]]
[[Catagóir:Pianódóirí Sasanacha]]
[[Catagóir:Popcheoltóirí Sasanacha]]
[[Catagóir:Rac-cheoltóirí]]</text>
      <sha1>9pzo5xnvts754lii495nglqbe6xol3q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332097</id>
      <parentid>1332096</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T03:56:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lapin kuski</username>
        <id>78616</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Bás */</comment>
      <origin>1332097</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16237" sha1="homtf2u8qwryfjvsyspu6lk70rq700q" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

[[Ceoltóir]] [[Sasana]]ch-[[An India|Indiach]] ab ea '''Freddie Mercury''' ([[5 Meán Fómhair]], [[1946]] - [[24 Samhain]], [[1991]]). Rugadh é in Zanzibar, de phór Parsi, leis an ainm '''Farrokh Bulsara'''. Bhí Mercury ina amhránaí leis an mbanna an-rathúil Sasanach [[Queen]] ó [[1970]] go dtí a bhás i [[1991]].  

Is mórphearsa [[Cultúr|chultúir]] é, fós inniu. Thabharfá suntas dá ghlór. Bhí [[guth]] ar leith aige le cloisteáil os cionn an [[Ceol|cheoil]]. Deirtear gurb é duine de na siamsóirí is fearr sa [[rac-cheol]] riamh.  

[[Cumadóireacht|Cumadóir]] tréitheach a bhí ann chomh maith, a sheinn an [[giotár]], an [[pianó]] agus an [[sintéiseoir]]. B'eisean a scríobh na hamhráin cháiliúla ''Bohemian Rhapsody'', ''We Are The Champions'' agus ''Crazy Little Thing Called Love''. 

Fuair Mercury amach go raibh [[SEIF]] air i [[1987]], agus cailleadh é sa bhliain [[1991]].

== Saol go luath ==
{{Reflist}}Rugadh Mercury mar Farrokh Bulsara i [[:en:Stone_Town|mBaile Cloch]] i [[:en:British_protectorate|gcúram na Breataine]] i Zanzibar (atá anois mar chuid den Tansáin) an 5ú lá  Meán Fómhair 1946. Ba iad a thuismitheoirí, Bomi (1908–2003) agus Jer (1922–2016) Bulsara, [[:en:Parsis|Parsis]] ó réigiún Gujarat de chúige Uachtaránacht Bombay in India na Breataine agus bhí bunús acu i gcathair Valsad i Gujarat. 

Bhog siad go Zanzibar ionas go bhféadfadh Bomi leanúint dá phost mar airgeadóir in Oifig Choilíneach na Breataine. Mar Parsis, chleacht an teaghlach Bulsara an reiligiún Zoroastrian. Rugadh é le ceithre clárfhiacail den scoth, agus chuir sé a raon gutha feabhsaithe in iúl dó. Ó tharla gur cosantóir Briotanach é Zanzibar go dtí 1963, rugadh Mercury ina ábhar Briotanach, agus ar 2 Meitheamh 1969 cláraíodh é ina shaoránach den Ríocht Aontaithe agus ina choilíneachtaí tar éis don teaghlach dul ar imirce go Sasana. Ghlac a dheirfiúr níos óige, Kashmira Bulsara, atá lonnaithe anois i Nottingham, sloinne a fir chéile tar éis dó Roger Cooke a phósadh. 
[[Íomhá:Freddy Statue Montreux Sunset.jpg|clé|mion]]
Chaith Mercury an chuid is mó dá óige san India, áit ar thosaigh sé ag cur ceachtanna pianó ag ag seacht mbliana d'aois agus é ag maireachtáil le gaolta. I 1954, agus é ocht mbliana d'aois, seoladh Mercury chun staidéar a dhéanamh ag Scoil Naomh Peadair, scoil chónaithe do bhuachaillí i stíl na Breataine, in Panchgani in aice le Bombay. Ag dhá bhliain déag d'aois, bhunaigh sé banna scoile, na Hectics, agus chum sé ealaíontóirí carraige agus rolla ar nós [[:en:Cliff_Richard|Cliff Richard]] agus [[:en:Little_Richard|Little Richard]]. Thosaigh sé ag glaoch air féin mar &quot;Freddie&quot; ag Scoil Naomh Peadar. D'fhreastail sé freisin ar [[:en:St._Mary's_School,_Mumbai|Scoil Naomh Muire, Mumbai]]. I mí Feabhra 1963 bhog sé ar ais go Zanzibar áit a ndeachaigh sé isteach ina thuismitheoirí ag a árasán. 

I 1964, theith Mercury agus a theaghlach ó Zanzibar chun éalú ó fhoréigean na réabhlóide i gcoinne Sultan Zanzibar agus a rialtas Arabach den chuid is mó, inar maraíodh na mílte hArabaigh agus Indians eitneacha. Bhog siad isteach i dteach beag ag 22 Ascaill Gladstone Feltham, [[:en:Middlesex|Middlesex]], Sasana. Tar éis staidéar a dhéanamh ar an ealaín ar dtús in Isleworth Polytechnic in Iarthar Londain, rinne Mercury staidéar ar ealaín agus dearadh grafach [[:en:Ealing_Art_College|i gColáiste Ealaíne Ealing]], agus bhain sé amach dioplóma i 1969. D'úsáid sé na scileanna seo ina dhiaidh sin chun airm araltais a dhearadh dá bhanna 'Queen'. 

Tar éis dó a chéim a bhaint amach, chuaigh Mercury isteach i sraith bandaí agus dhíol sé éadaí athláimhe i Margadh Kensington i Londain le cailín Mary Austin. Bhí post aige freisin mar láimhseálaí bagáiste ag Aerfort Heathrow. Is cuimhin le cairde ón am gur fear óg ciúin agus cúthail é a bhfuil spéis mhór aige sa cheol. I 1969, chuaigh sé isteach sa bhanna ‘Ibex’ atá lonnaithe i Learpholl agus a athainmníodh ina dhiaidh sin mar 'Wreckage'. Bhí sé ina chónaí in árasán os cionn an Dovedale Towers, teach tábhairne gar do Penny Lane i gceantar Chnoc Mossley i Learpholl. Nuair a theip ar an mbanna seo éirí as, chuaigh sé isteach i mbanna ‘Sour Milk’, atá bunaithe in Oxford, ach ag tús 1970 bhí an grúpa seo briste suas chomh maith.

I mí Aibreáin 1970, chuaigh Mercury i gcomhar leis an giotáraí Brian May agus an drumadóir Roger Taylor, le bheith ina phríomhamhránaí dá bhanna 'Smile'. Tháinig an t-bass John Deacon leo i 1971. Roghnaigh Mercury an t-ainm &quot;Queen&quot; don bhanda nua. Dúirt sé ina dhiaidh sin, &quot;Is léir go bhfuil sé an-chiallmhar, agus go bhfuil sé go hiontach. Is ainm láidir é, uilíoch agus láithreach. Ag an am céanna, d'athraigh sé a shloinne, Bulsara go Mercury.

== Ealaíontacht ==

=== Guth ===
[[Íomhá:FreddieMercuryRange.jpg|link=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Domh%C3%A1:FreddieMercuryRange.jpg|mion|120x120px]]
Cé gur thit guth labhartha Mercury sa raon baritone go nádúrtha, thug sé an chuid is mó de na hamhráin sa raon tionachta. Leathnaigh a raon gutha aitheanta ó dhord íseal F (F2) go soprano ard F. Dúirt an príomhamhránaí 'The Who', Roger Daltrey, go bhféadfadh Mearcair rud ar bith a chanadh. D'fhéadfadh sé a stíl a athrú ó líne go líne.

=== '''Scríbhneoireacht amhrán''' ===

Scríobh Mercury 10 gcinn de na 17 amhránaí ar albam ‘Queens [[:en:Greatest_Hits_(Queen_album)|Greatest Hits]]’: &quot;[[:en:Bohemian_Rhapsody|Bohemian Rhapsody]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Seven_Seas_of_Rhye|Seven Seas of Rhye]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Killer_Queen|Killer Queen&quot;]], &quot;[[:en:Somebody_to_Love_(Queen_song)|Somebody to Love]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Good_Old-Fashioned_Lover_Boy|Good Old-Fashioned Lover Boy]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:We_Are_the_Champions|We Are the Champions]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Bicycle_Race|Bicycle Race]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Don't_Stop_Me_Now|Don't Stop Me Now]]&quot;, &quot;[[:en:Crazy_Little_Thing_Called_Love|Crazy Little Thing Called Love]]&quot;, and &quot;[[:en:Play_the_Game_(song)|Play the Game]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://secondhandsongs.com/artist/3337/works|teideal=Songs written by Freddie Mercury {{!}} SecondHandSongs|work=secondhandsongs.com|dátarochtana=2020-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 2005 bronnadh Gradam Ivor Novello ar gach ball den bhanda as Bailiúchán Amhrán Amhrán ó [[:en:The_Ivors_Academy|Acadamh na Scríbhneoirí, Cumadóirí agus Údair na Breataine.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Ivors Academy|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Ivors_Academy&amp;oldid=932355519|journal=Wikipedia|date=2019-12-25|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bhain Mercury úsáid as raon leathan seánraí, lena n-áirítear, i measc stíleanna eile, carraigín, carraig fhorásach, miotal trom, soiscéal, agus dioscó. Cé gur minic a scríobh Mercury comhchuibhithe an-chasta, mhaígh sé gurbh fhéidir leis ceol a léamh ar éigean. Scríobh sé an chuid is mó dá chuid amhrán ar an bpianó agus bhain sé úsáid as réimse leathan sínithe. 

=== Taibheoir beo ===
Tugadh Mearcair faoi deara as a chuid léirithe beo, a léirigh sé ar fud an domhain. Scríobh Brian May, giotáraí na Banríona, go bhféadfadh Mercury a dhéanamh &quot;Go mbraitheann an duine deireanach ar chúl an seastáin is faide i staidiam go raibh baint aige leis”.  Ba é príomh-frapa Mercury ar an stáitse seastán ná an micreafón briste, rud a d'úsáid sé go leor bealaí éagsúla. 

Reáchtáladh ceann de na léirithe is suntasaí le Mercury leis an mBanríon ag [[:en:Live_Aid|Live Aid]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Live Aid|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live_Aid&amp;oldid=941778455|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-02-20|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; i 1985. Ba é grúpa feidhmeannaigh ceoil a vótáil ar fheidhmíocht na Banríona ag an ócáid ​​mar an léiriú beo is mó i stair an cheoil rac-cheol. Le linn a gairm, rinne Mercury meastachán ar 700 ceolchoirm i dtíortha ar fud an domhain le 'Queen'. Bhí feidhmíocht [[:en:Concerts_at_Knebworth_House|bheo dheiridh]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Concerts at Knebworth House|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concerts_at_Knebworth_House&amp;oldid=926076674|journal=Wikipedia|date=2019-11-14|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mercury le ‘Queen’ ar siúl an 9 Lúnasa 1986 ag [[:en:Knebworth_House|Páirc Knebworth]] i Sasana agus meastar go raibh tinreamh níos airde ná 160,000 ann.

Imríodh an t-amhrán náisiúnta &quot;God Save the Queen&quot; ag deireadh na ceolchoirme, i gcás ghníomh deiridh Mercury, bhí róba aige, a raibh coróin órga air, ag fágáil slán leis an slua.

=== '''Ionstraimí''' ===
Mar bhuachaill óg san India, fuair Mercury oiliúint fhoirmiúil pianó suas go naoi mbliana d'aois. Níos déanaí, agus é ina chónaí i Londain, d'fhoghlaim sé giotár. Bhí an chuid is mó den cheol a thaitin leis dírithe ar ghiotár: ba iad na healaíontóirí is fearr leis ag an am ná ‘The Who’, ‘The Beatles’, ‘Jimi Hendrix’, ‘David Bowie’, agus ‘Led Zeppelin’. Ón 1982, chomhoibrigh Mercury le Morgan Fisher,  agus ó 1985 chomhoibrigh Mercury ar aghaidh le Mike Moran (sa stiúideo) agus le Spike Edney (i gceolchoirm). 

=== '''Gairm bheatha aonair''' ===
[[Íomhá:FreddieMercurySinging1977.jpg|mion]]
Chomh maith lena chuid oibre le 'Queen', d'eisigh Mercury dhá albam aonair agus roinnt singil. Cé nach raibh a chuid oibre aonair chomh rathúil leis an gcuid is mó de na halbaim 'Queen', rinne cuid dá chuid amhrán an 'Top 10 UK Music Charts'. Bhí a chéad iarracht ar a amhrán i 1972 nuair a bhí Robin Geoffrey Cable ag obair i dtionscadal ceoil. Rinne Mercury na príomh-ghutha ar na hamhráin “I Can Hear Music” agus “Goin 'Back”, cé a scaoileadh sa bhliain 1973. Ba iad an dá albam as Mecury iomlán taobh amuigh den bhanda ná 'Mr. Bad Guy '(1985) agus' Barcelona '(1988).  Rinne an chéad albam, ‘Mr Bad Guy’, sa 'Top 10 UK Music Charts’.  

== Saol pearsanta ==
[[Íomhá:Freddie Mercury statue, Liverpool - DSC00007.JPG|clé|mion]]

=== Caidreamh ===
Go luath sna 1970idí, bhí caidreamh Fadtréimhseach ag Mercury le Mary Austin, ar bhuail sé leis tríd an ngiotáraí Brian May. Bhí sé ina chónaí le Austin ar feadh roinnt blianta in [[:en:West_Kensington|West Kensington]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=West Kensington|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Kensington&amp;oldid=943585286|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-03-02|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Londain. Faoi lár na 1970idí, bhí caidreamh tosaithe aige le feidhmeannach taifead Meiriceánach fireann ag [[:en:Elektra_Records|Elektra Records]]. I mí na Nollag 1976, d’inis Mearcair do Austin faoina ghnéasacht, a chuir deireadh lena gcaidreamh rómánsúil.  Bhog Mercury amach as an árasán a roinn siad, isteach i 12 Ardán Stafford i Kensington, agus cheannaigh Austin áit dá cuid féin in aice láimhe. D’fhan siad ina gcairde tríd na blianta, agus is minic a thagair Mercury di mar an t-aon chara ceart a bhí aige. 

Faoi 1985, chuir sé tús le caidreamh fadtéarmach eile leis an gruagaire a rugadh in Éirinn Jim Hutton (1949–2010). Bhí Hutton, a thástáil HIV-deimhneach i 1990, ina chónaí le Mearcair ar feadh na sé bliana deireanacha dá shaol, ag altranas dó le linn a bhreoiteachta, agus bhí sé i láthair ag taobh a leapa nuair a d’éag sé. Dúirt Hutton go bhfuair Mearcair bás ag caitheamh an bhanna bainise a thug Hutton dó.

== Breoiteacht ==

I mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1986, thuairiscigh preas na Breataine go ndearnadh tástáil fola ar Mhearcair le haghaidh HIV / SEIF i gclinic ar [[:en:Harley_Street|Shráid Harley]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Harley Street|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harley_Street&amp;oldid=942785557|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-02-26|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. De réir a pháirtí Jim Hutton, rinneadh Mercury a dhiagnóisiú le SEIF go déanach i mí Aibreáin 1987. [[:en:1990_Brit_Awards|Ag Gradaim Brit 1990]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=1990 Brit Awards|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1990_Brit_Awards&amp;oldid=911516644|journal=Wikipedia|date=2019-08-19|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a tionóladh in [[:en:Dominion_Theatre|Amharclann Dominion]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dominion Theatre|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominion_Theatre&amp;oldid=944329504|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-03-07|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Londain, an 18 Feabhra, rinne Mercury a chuma dheiridh ar an stáitse nuair a chuaigh sé leis an gcuid eile den Bhanríon chun Gradam Brit as an Rhanníocaíocht Sármhaith le Ceol na Breataine a bhailiú. Shéan Mercury agus a chiorcal istigh de chomhghleacaithe agus de chairde na scéalta go leanúnach'''.''' Choinnigh Mercury a riocht príobháideach chun iad siúd is gaire dó a chosaint; Dheimhnigh May ina dhiaidh sin gur chuir Mearcair an banna ar an eolas i bhfad níos luaithe. Tar éis dó a chuid oibre leis Queen a chríochnú i Meitheamh 1991, chuaigh Mercury ar scor dá theach cónaithe i Kensington, Iarthar Londain. Bhí a iarpháirtnéir, Mary Austin, ina chompord ar leith ina bhlianta deireanacha, agus le cúpla seachtain anuas thug sé cuairteanna rialta chun aire a thabhairt dó. Ag druidim le deireadh a shaoil, thosaigh Mercury a radharc a chailleadh, agus dhiúltaigh sé ionas nach raibh sé in ann a leaba a fhágáil. Roghnaigh Mercury a bhás a ghéarú trí chógas a dhiúltú agus níor ghlac sé ach pianmhúchán. 

== Bás ==
[[Íomhá:Hannover7909.jpg|mion|Mercury (1979)]]
Ar tráthnóna an 24 Samhain 1991, d’éag Mearcair ag aois 45 ina theach cónaithe i Kensington.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/music/1208498/Freddie-Mercury-died-November-1991-AIDS-home-friends-Mary-Austin-Jim-Hutton-Queen-band|teideal=Freddie Mercury final hours revealed by closest friends: THIS happened the moment he died|údar=Stefan Kyriazis|dáta=2019-11-24|language=en|work=Express.co.uk|dátarochtana=2020-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba é an chúis bháis ná niúmóine bronchial a d'eascair as SEIF. Rinne sagart ag [[:en:Kensal_Green_Cemetery|Crematorium West Londain]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Kensal Green Cemetery|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kensal_Green_Cemetery&amp;oldid=945613721|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-03-15|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; seirbhís sochraide Mercury an 27 Samhain 1991. I láthair ag seirbhís Mercury bhí a theaghlach agus 35 dá dhlúthchairde, Elton John agus baill na Queen ina measc. De réir mhianta Mearcair, ghlac Mary Austin seilbh ar a hiarsmaí [[:en:Cremation|créamtha]] agus adhlacadh iad in áit neamhnochta. Choinnigh Mercury formhór mór a rachmais, lena n-áirítear a theach agus ríchíosanna a thaifeadadh, do Mary Austin, agus an chuid eile dá tuismitheoirí agus dá dheirfiúr. D’fhág sé £ 500,000 chuig a chócaire, Joe Fanelli; £ 500,000 dá chúntóir pearsanta, Peter Freestone; £ 100,000 dá thiománaí, Terry Giddings; agus £ 500,000 do Jim Hutton.

== ''Bohemian Rhapsody'' ==
[[Íomhá:Bohemian Rhapsody.jpg|mion|alt=|clé]]
Scannán [[:en:Drama_(film_and_television)|drámaíochta beathaisnéise]] 2018 is ea Bohemian Rhapsody faoi Freddie Mercury. Ba é Bryan Singer a stiúraigh ó thaispeántas scáileáin le Anthony McCarten, agus arna léiriú ag Graham King agus bainisteoir na Banríona Jim Beach.

Scaoileadh an scannán sa Ríocht Aontaithe an 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2018 agus sna Stáit Aontaithe an 2 Samhain 2018. Fuair ​​sé léirmheasanna measctha ó chriticeoirí; Cáineadh a phortráid de ghnéasacht agus shaol Mercury agus baill eile an bhanna, ach fuair feidhmíocht Malek agus na seichimh ceoil moladh.

== Leabharliosta ==

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mercury, Freddie}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1946]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1991]]
[[Catagóir:Amhránaithe is scríbhneoirí Sasanacha]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna de bharr galair]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Briotanacha de shliocht Áiseach]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine de chuid na hAfraice]]
[[Catagóir:Fir déghnéasacha]]
[[Catagóir:Léiritheoirí]]
[[Catagóir:Pianódóirí Sasanacha]]
[[Catagóir:Popcheoltóirí Sasanacha]]
[[Catagóir:Rac-cheoltóirí]]</text>
      <sha1>homtf2u8qwryfjvsyspu6lk70rq700q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An tSlóvaic</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>9841</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332001</id>
      <parentid>1186848</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:07:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1332001</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="223" sha1="1etimces9g67xhtdz149p7czw753g5w" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Slovakia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Slóvaice, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Slóvaic, An t]]</text>
      <sha1>1etimces9g67xhtdz149p7czw753g5w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Poblacht na hÉireann</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>11582</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332003</id>
      <parentid>1186851</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:10:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1332003</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="260" sha1="d79imw7iqq2dkc1wk9ut1mb9bmcw9b5" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Ireland}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Éireann, Poblacht na h}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Éire| ]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Eireann, Poblacht na]]</text>
      <sha1>d79imw7iqq2dkc1wk9ut1mb9bmcw9b5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ealaín fheidhmeach</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11819</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332057</id>
      <parentid>1318915</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:03:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332057</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2280" sha1="i4z8edq168nc84ommkc23yi7t6vks1m" xml:space="preserve">Is iad na '''healaíona feidhmeacha''' na healaíona go léir a chuireann dearadh agus maisiúchán i bhfeidhm ar réada laethúla praiticiúla chun iad a dhéanamh níos tarraingtí ó thaobh aeistéitiúil de.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Applied art&quot; in ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Eagrán ar líne. [[Oxford University Press]], 2004. www.oxfordreference.com. Dáta rochtana: 23 Samhain 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Cuirtear an téarma seo i gcodarsnacht leis na [[Míndána|mínealaíona]]–na healaíona a tháirgeann rudaí gan úsáid phraiticiúil ar bith, a bhfuil sé mar chuspóir acu an intleacht a spreagadh ar bhealach éigin nó fiú an áilleacht féin. Go praiticiúil, téann an dá chatagóir isteach ina chéile go minic, mar an gcéanna leis [[Ealaíona maisithe|na healaíona maisiúla]].

== Samplaí ==

* [[Dearadh tionsclaíoch]] – rudaí olltáirgthe.
* [[Dealbhóireacht]] – mínealaín freisin.
* [[Ailtireacht]] – mínealaín freisin.
* Ceardaíocht – mínealaín freisin.
* [[Ceirmeacht|Ealaín cheirmeach]]
* Dearadh mótarfheithiclí
* Dearadh faisin
* [[Callagrafaíocht|Peannaireacht]]
* [[Dearadh intí]]
* [[Dearadh grafach]]
* Dearadh cartagrafach

== Gluaiseachtaí ==

* [[Art Nouveau]]
* [[Art Deco]]
* [[Gluaiseacht na nEalaíon agus na Ceardaíochta]]
* [[Bauhaus]]
* Táirgiúlachas

== Iarsmalanna na nEalaíon Feidhmeach ==

* Bauhaus-Archiv
* Die Neue Sammlung, an Ghearmáin
* Músaem na nEalaíon Feidhmeach Leipzig, an Ghearmáin
* Martin-Gropius-Bau
* Músaem na nEalaíon Feidhmeach (Béalgrád), an tSeirbia
* Músaem na nEalaíon agus na Ceardaíochta, Ságrab
* Músaem na nEalaíon Feidhmeach (Búdaipeist), an Ungáir
* Museum für angewandte Kunst Frankfurt, an Ghearmáin
* Museum für Angewandte Kunst (Köln), an Ghearmáin
* Museum für angewandte Kunst Wien, an Ostair
* Músaem an Dearaidh Chomhaimseartha agus na nEalaíon Feidhmeach (MUDAC), [[Lausanne]] [[An Eilvéis|na hEilvéise]]
* Músaem Powerhouse, Sydney
* Músaem na nEalaíon Feidhmeach Stieglitz (Cathair Pheadair), an Rúis
* Músaem na nEalaíon Maisiúil Prág, Poblacht na Seice
* [[Músaem Victoria agus Albert]], Londain
* Wolfsonian-FIU, Miami Beach, Florida

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Ealaíona maisiúla]]
[[Catagóir:Dearadh]]</text>
      <sha1>i4z8edq168nc84ommkc23yi7t6vks1m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Liotuáin</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>12147</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331994</id>
      <parentid>1186841</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:05:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331994</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="223" sha1="iz5d6tn0xodhs9ahzot9a9fsbd0pyai" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Lithuania}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Liotuáin, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Liotuáin, An]]</text>
      <sha1>iz5d6tn0xodhs9ahzot9a9fsbd0pyai</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lása (cathair)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12436</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332028</id>
      <parentid>1266955</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:45:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Lása]] go [[Lása (cathair)]]</comment>
      <origin>1266955</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1452" sha1="1bzho5jkzj1zenw1tuki649sn2lxv3p" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}
Is é '''Lása''' [[príomhchathair]] na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] i n[[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]. Tá thart ar 255,000 duine ina gcónaí ann. 

Tá an [[Cathair (lonnaíocht)|chathair]] suite i n[[Gleann Lása]], ag bun [[Shliabh Gephel]].

Tá a lán inimircigh ón [[An tSín|tSín]] ina gcónaí i Lása, agus tá na Tibéadaigh dhúchasacha ina mionlach anois. Deirtear go bhfuil &quot;[[Cathair (lonnaíocht)|cathair]] Shíneach déanta de Lása&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;http://issuu.com/nosmag/docs/eagran3?mode=embed&amp;documentId=080705181826-ab16e262f0f248b8be741340b7da723a&amp;layout=white {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917204353/http://issuu.com/nosmag/docs/eagran3?mode=embed&amp;documentId=080705181826-ab16e262f0f248b8be741340b7da723a&amp;layout=white |date=2008-09-17 }} Alt i '''Nós'''&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Stair ==
Shroich sluaíocht [[An Bhreatain|Briotanach]], faoi cheannas Francis Younghusband, [[Lása]] na Tibéide, ar [[3 Lúnasa]] [[1904]]. Ba choimirceas de chuid na Breataine é nuair a shínigh Conradh Lása ar an [[7 Meán Fómhair]] [[1904]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=British expedition to Tibet|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_expedition_to_Tibet&amp;oldid=909170137|journal=Wikipedia|date=2019-08-03|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Íomhá:Lhasa_Valley_in_Tibet.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Gleann Lása]]]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{stumpa}}

[[Catagóir:An Tibéid]]
[[Catagóir:Cathracha]]</text>
      <sha1>1bzho5jkzj1zenw1tuki649sn2lxv3p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An tSualainn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>13446</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331996</id>
      <parentid>1186859</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:05:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331996</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="218" sha1="b6t8hngf9iynaskhl24zc2mqegef8vs" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Sweden}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sualainn, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Ríochtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha Nordacha|Sualainn, An t]]</text>
      <sha1>b6t8hngf9iynaskhl24zc2mqegef8vs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Phortaingéil</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>13932</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331987</id>
      <parentid>1186844</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:02:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>1331987</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="229" sha1="pahcsj47x1edocea9wb23sxpe12rhj0" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Portugal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Portaingéil, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Phortaingéil, An]]</text>
      <sha1>pahcsj47x1edocea9wb23sxpe12rhj0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Ungáir</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>13997</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331989</id>
      <parentid>1186849</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:03:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331989</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="217" sha1="qtaq818axc57yg7bw56r4tvcdx0qb27" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Hungary}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ungáir, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Ungáir, An]]</text>
      <sha1>qtaq818axc57yg7bw56r4tvcdx0qb27</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Eastóin</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>14760</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331980</id>
      <parentid>1186836</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:58:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331980</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="219" sha1="5863tbq4csxvvyvmb29yl14dudg54sn" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Estonia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eastóin, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Eastóin, An]]</text>
      <sha1>5863tbq4csxvvyvmb29yl14dudg54sn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14810</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332077</id>
      <parentid>1330822</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:31:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Catagóirí curtha leis agus beagán eile</comment>
      <origin>1332077</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13547" sha1="11ej49x1w7rw2u0imrn69la5au4hurx" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Fear mór ceoil agus teanga ba ea '''Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí''' (a rugadh ar an [[6 Bealtaine]] [[1970]] i g[[Corcaigh]] ach a tógadh i gCois Cláidí i n[[Gaoth Dobhair]] agus a d'éag ar [[19 Meán Fómhair]] [[2023]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/a-sprioc-e120000-saraithe-ag-feachtas-bailithe-airgid-don-chraoltoir-ronan-mac-aodha-bhui/|teideal=A sprioc €120,000 sáraithe ag feachtas bailithe airgid don chraoltóir Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí|údar=Méabh Ní Thuathaláin|dáta=21 Feabhra 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-03-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tugadh ar Rónán &quot;an craoltóir ab fhearr a bhí ag Éirinn ariamh&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Ciorruithe an BBC agus Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ciorruithe-an-bbc-agus-ronan-mac-aodha-bhui/|work=Tuairisc.ie|dáta=22 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|dátarochtana=2026-10-23|language=ga-IE|údar=Cormac Ó hEadhra}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus &quot;ceannaire neamhoifigiúil phobal na Gaeilge&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/83/11/dorn-san-aer-dar-nard-ri/|teideal=Dorn san aer dár nArd-Rí, &quot;ceannaire neamhoifigiúil phobal na Gaeilge&quot;|údar=Tomaí Ó Conghaile|language=ga-IE|work=[[Comhar]]|dátarochtana=2024-05-16|archivedate=2024-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516202515/https://comhar.ie/iris/83/11/dorn-san-aer-dar-nard-ri/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/83/11/|teideal=Comhar {{!}} Samhain 2023|dáta=2024-05-16|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2024-05-16|archivedate=2024-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516202040/https://comhar.ie/iris/83/11/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Craoltóireacht|Craoltóir]] le [[Raidió na Gaeltachta]] ba ea é idir na 1990idí – 2019. Craoladh an clár deireanach de ''Rónán Beo'' ar 31 Bealtaine 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/11042924/|teideal=Rónán Beo|language=en|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2023-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuimhneofar air mar [[Craoltóireacht|chraoltóir]] cumasach agus cróga agus, b'fhéidir thar aon rud eile, mar dhuine a raibh an-nádúr ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 'A shuim i ndaoine, sa saol agus sa cheart, is ar na máithreacha sin a tógadh a réabhlóid ar an raidió.'&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/gig-do-ronan-se-ar-ronan-mac-aodha-bhui-e-gig-speisialta-i-mbaile-atha-cliath-don-sarchraoltoir/|teideal=Sé ár Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí é – gig speisialta i mBaile Átha Cliath don sárchraoltóir|údar=Seán Tadhg Ó Gairbhí|dáta=25 Aib 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/muidne-go-leir-pobal-ronain-mhic-aodha-bhui-muidne-a-leac-chuimhneachain/|teideal=Muidne go léir pobal Rónáin Mhic Aodha Bhuí – muidne a leac chuimhneacháin|údar=Fachtna Ó Drisceoil|dáta=21 Meán Fómhair 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;   [[Íomhá:RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta, Doirí Beaga, Gaoth Dobhair, Dún na nGall.jpg|clé|mion|Raidió na Gaeltachta, [[Doirí Beaga]]]]

=== Gairm ===
I 1987, nuair a bhí sé seacht mbliana déag, shocraigh Rónán ar aghaidh a thabhairt ar Bhaile Átha Cliath le tabhairt faoi chúrsa iriseoireachta i g[[Coláiste Dhúlaigh, Coláiste Breisoideachais|Coláiste Dhúlaigh]] sa [[An Chúlóg|Chúlóg]]. Ansin thosaigh sé ag obair don stáisiún raidió neamhdhleathach NSCR sa chathair agus don stáisiún DCR i [[Leitir Ceanainn]] ag an deireadh seachtaine.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Thosaigh sé ag scríobh chomh maith don cholún Beoscéalta i ''[[Scéala Éireann]]''.  

Chaith sé an bhliain 1988/89 ag obair le Century Radio mar léitheoir nuachta Gaeilge. Rinne sé roinnt iriseoireachta leis an bpáipéar nuachta ''[[Anois]]'' agus le ''[[Lá]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

Agus é 20 bliain d'aois, chuir sé a chuid scileanna ag fónamh ar an chlár teilifíse ''[[Scaoil Amach an Bobailín]]'' de chuid RTÉ in 1990, in éindí le [[Bláthnaid Ní Chofaigh]] agus [[Seán Bán Breathnach]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ronan-mac-aodha-bhui-craoltoir-gaeilge-a-linne-a-raibh-gean-na-ngael-air-ar-shli-na-firinne/|teideal=Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí, craoltóir Gaeilge a linne a raibh gean na nGael air, ar shlí na fírinne|dáta=2023-09-19|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’oibrigh sé chomh maith ar an gclár ''[[Ecu Ecu]]'', clár nuálach do dhaoine óga.  

==== Raidió na Gaeltachta ====
Tugadh ardán laethúil dó i 1993 nuair a thosaigh sé ag láithriú an chláir ''[[Cois Life (clár RnaG)|Cois Life]]'' ar Raidió na Gaeltachta, clár irise don ardchathair, ag obair i dteannta [[Seosaimhín Ní Bheaglaoich|Sheosaimhín Ní Bheaglaoich]]. Chualathas den chéad uair na buanna a bhí aige – an acmhainn ghrinn, an tsamhlaíocht dhiamhair, an ghéarchúis, an rógaireacht agus an dánaíocht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Timpeall an ama seo, bhunaigh sé [[An Ciorcal Craiceáilte]], club gealtachais, agus d'eagraíodh sé féilte i n[[Gaeltacht Rath Chairn|Gaeltacht Ráth Chairn]] le Gaeilgeoirí Bhaile Átha Cliath agus Chúige Laighean a thabhairt a chéile.

[[Íomhá:Fist.svg|alt=Stionsal dubh de dhorn|mion|Rosc gnímh leis ab ea &quot;dorn san aer&quot; chun misneach a mhúscailt sna [[An Ghaeilge|Gaeil]]|313x313px]]

I 1997, d'fhill Rónán ar Ghaoth Dobhair agus thug sé faoin chlár ''[[Rónán Beo]]'' a chur i láthair ó stiúideo Raidió na Gaeltachta sna [[Doirí Beaga]]. Craoladh an clár deireanach de ''Rónán Beo'' ar 31 Bealtaine 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;   

Thug Rónán ardán do cheoltóirí ar an raidió, a &quot;thug guth dóibh agus a spreag gach sóirt ceoil.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-meid-gra-ata-ag-teacht-chuige-ta-se-go-hiontach-airgead-a-bhailiu-do-chunamh-leighis-do-ronan-mac-aodh-bhui/|teideal=‘An méid grá atá ag teacht chuige, tá sé go hiontach’ – airgead á bhailiú do chúnamh leighis do Rónán Mac Aodh Bhuí|údar=Méabh Ní Thuathaláin|dáta=16 Feabhra 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-03-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'eagraigh sé Bruíon na mBuíon, comórtas d'amhráin chomhaimseartha nua-chumtha i nGaeilge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/news/bruion-na-mbuion/|teideal=Bruíon na mBuíon!|work=[[NÓS]]|dátarochtana=2026-10-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí an-ghean ag lucht éisteachta Raidió na Gaeltachta go háirithe ar Rónán agus bhí an-tóir acu ar na cláir a chuireadh sé i láthair de chionn chomh spraíúil, suáilceach agus nuálach agus a bhí sé.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An craoltóir cáiliúil Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí ar shlí na fírinne|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/0918/1405994-r/|date=2023-09-18|language=ga|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt; B'é an craoltóir ab fhearr ariamh in Éirinn in aon teanga dar le Cormac Ó hEadhra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Ciorruithe an BBC agus Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ciorruithe-an-bbc-agus-ronan-mac-aodha-bhui/|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dáta=2026-10-22|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=[[Cormac Ó hEadhra]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Gníomhaí cearta teanga ===
Bhunaigh sé na [[An Fhéile Chraiceáilte|Féilte Craiceáilte]], a chuir siamsaíocht ar fáil uair sa mhí i nGaoth Dobhair agus a théadh ar camchuairt go dtí ceantair Ghaeltachta agus áiteanna eile. Bhí an [[An Cabaret Craiceáilte|Cabaret Craiceáilte]] á reáchtáil aige i nGaoth Dobhair. 

Sna 2010idí, bhí Rónán mar chrann taca leis an ngluaiseacht cearta teanga ó thuaidh, go háirithe ag na Laethanta Dearga agus [[Dearg le Fearg]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/gniomhaiochas/teanga/bronnfar-gradam-uachtaran-cnag-ar-ronan-mac-aodha-bhui/|teideal=Bronnfar Gradam Uachtarán CnaG ar Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí|údar=NÓS|dáta=2023-02-24|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2023-03-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/gniomhaiochas/polaitiocht/cumhacht-na-gcos/|teideal=Cumhacht na gCos|údar=Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí|dáta=2015-01-11|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2023-03-23}}{{Dead link|date=Aibreán 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pearsanta ===
Ba mhac é le [[Fionntán Mac Aodha Bhuí]] (1924–2012), ailtire, pleanálaí agus gníomhaire teanga. Ba Rónán an duine is óige d'ochtar clainne.

[[Íomhá:Gweedore graveyard.jpg|mion|Cuireadh Rónán i [[Reilig Mhachaire Gathláin]]|220x220px]]

Fuair sé a chuid scolaíochta i mBunscoil an Bhun Bhig agus i b[[Pobalscoil Ghaoth Dobhair]]. Rinne sé cúrsa cumarsáide i g[[Coláiste Dhúlaigh, Coláiste Breisoideachais|Coláiste Dhúlaigh]] sa [[An Chúlóg|Chúlóg]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Bhí páiste amháin aige.

Sa bhliain 2019, fuair Rónán amach go raibh [[ailse]] Staid a 3 sna putóga aige. In 2023, seoladh feachtas bailithe airgid le costas an leighis a ghlanadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gofundme.com/f/ciste-tacaiochta-ronain|teideal=Ciste Tacaíochta Rónáin, le Seamus Ó Briain|údar=gofundme.com|dáta=2023|language=ga-IE|work=gofundme.com|dátarochtana=2023-03-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; I mí Feabhra 2023, bronnadh [[Gradam Uachtarán Chonradh na Gaeilge]] ar Rónán ''in absentia''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Fuair Rónán bás in aois a thrí bliana déag agus dhá scór, ar [[19 Meán Fómhair]] [[2023]]. Cuireadh é i [[Reilig Mhachaire Gathláin]].

== Oidhreacht ==
Baisteadh [[Gradam Rónáin Mhic Aodha Bhuí]] ar an duais do 'Nuatheachtaí na Bliana' ag [[Gradaim NÓS]] in ómós dó, i ngeall go raibh sé &quot;i gcroílár shaol an cheoil Gaeilge – agus thug sé spreagadh go háirithe do cheoltóirí agus do bhannaí nua&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/duais-in-omos-do-ronan-mac-aodha-bhui-le-bronnadh-ag-gradaim-nos/|teideal=Duais in ómós do Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí le bronnadh ag Gradaim NÓS|dáta=19 Nollaig 2023|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=20 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Féile Dorn san Aer ===
{{Príomhalt|Dorn san Aer}}
In 2024 cuireadh tús le féile úr ceoil ar siúl i gceantar dúchais Rónáin, Gaoth Dobhair. Féile ceoil trí lá é [[Dorn san Aer]] a thug cairde, clann agus pobal Rónáin ar an saol le comóradh a dhéanamh ar a rinne sé le ceol comhaimseartha na Gaeilge a chur chun cinn agus le dlúthpháirtíocht a chothú idir na [[An Ghaeilge|Gaeil]] agus pobail uile a chuirtear faoi chois. Breis agus 20 banna a ghlac páirt ann sa chéad bhliain idir ceoltóirí [[Rac-cheol|rac]], [[Hip hop|hip-hop]], trad-leictreach, [[Ceol traidisiúnta na hÉireann|ceol Gaelach]], ska, agus [[reigé]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Is í an gníomhaí [[Gluaiseacht na gCeart Sibhialta i dTuaisceart Éireann|cearta sibhialta]] [[Bernadette Devlin (McAliskey)|Bernadette McAliskey]] a d'oscail an fhéile go hoifigiúil in [[Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair]] don chéad uair riamh sa bhliain 2024, á rá gur &quot;sheas sé leis an duine a raibh leatrom déanta orthu agus rinne sé obair deich nduine leis an teanga a chothú agus a neartú&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/feile-dorn-san-aer-in-omos-do-ronan-le-titim-amach-faoi-scath-na-hearagaile/|teideal=Féile Dorn San Aer in ómós do Rónán le titim amach faoi scáth na hEaragaile|údar=|dáta=2024-06-26|language=|work=[[Nós (iris)|NÓS]]|dátarochtana=2024-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626155512/https://nos.ie/cultur/ceol/feile-dorn-san-aer-in-omos-do-ronan-le-titim-amach-faoi-scath-na-hearagaile/|archivedate=26 Meitheamh 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Áine Ní Bhreisleáin]]|date=02 Deireadh Fómhair 2024|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/bhi-ronan-linn-ag-dorn-san-aer-ina-choimeadai-craice-agus-comhluadair-ard-ri-na-ngael/a165204825.html|title=Bhí Rónán linn ag Dorn san Aer, ina choimeádaí craice agus comhluadair|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lch 5}}&lt;/ref&gt; I ngeall ar an dtacaíocht a láidir a thug Rónán do mhuintir na [[An Phalaistín|Palaistíne]] le linn a shaoil, is í [[Údarás na Palaistíne|Ambasadóir na Palaistíne]] go hÉirinn, an [[Jilan Wahba Abdalmajid|Dr. Jilan Wahba Abdalmajid]], a d'oscail Dorn san Aer 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/feile-cheoil-in-omos-do-ronan-mac-aodha-bhui-le-reachtail-i-ngaeltacht-dhun-na-ngall-aris-i-mbliana/|teideal=Féile cheoil in ómós do Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí le reáchtáil i nGaeltacht Dhún na nGall arís i mbliana|dáta=2025-08-06|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2025-09-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Ciorcal Craiceáilte]]
* [[An Cabaret Craiceáilte]]
* [[Dorn san Aer]] (féile cheoil in ómós dó)

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://twitter.com/ronanbeo RónánBeo] ar Twitter. Stop Rónán ag tvuíteáil ar 31 Bealtaine 2019. Thosaigh an Ciste Tacaíochta ag tvuíteáil i rith 2023.
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B25fvc-6Zuk&amp;t=11s Spreag fís: Rónán Mac Aodh Bhuí] ag labhairt i 2014 fá Cabaret Craiceáilte &lt;i&gt;(físeán 6:05)&lt;i&gt;

== Tagairtí ==	
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aodha Bhui, Ronan Mac}}
[[Catagóir:Craoltóirí Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Craoltóirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Craoltóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Colúnaithe Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Colúnaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1970]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Chorcaí]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Gaoth Dobhair]]
[[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Lucht Raidió na Gaeltachta]]
[[Catagóir:Lucht TG4]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna de bharr ailse in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna de bharr ailse]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2023]]</text>
      <sha1>11ej49x1w7rw2u0imrn69la5au4hurx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Poblacht na Seice</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>15845</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332004</id>
      <parentid>1186852</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:10:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>1332004</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="225" sha1="asqfe34vzjmwurfeslsx8guvfndizfl" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Czech Republic}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seice, Poblacht na}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Seice]]</text>
      <sha1>asqfe34vzjmwurfeslsx8guvfndizfl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Real Club Deportivo de La Coruña</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15852</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331944</id>
      <parentid>1256266</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:04:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-58311-64</username>
        <id>78578</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;A Coruña&quot; go &quot;Cathair na Cruinne&quot; agus &quot;Deportivo de La Coruña&quot; go &quot;Deportivo da Coruña&quot;</comment>
      <origin>1331944</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2912" sha1="nnq7sap97epks5x5hiq7xy1kq8cr58x" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
{{glanadh}}
{{Club peile bosca eolais 2
| ainm an chlub = Deportivo de La Coruña
| ainmsuaitheantas = 
| leasainm = ''El Depor'', ''Herculinos'', ''Turcos'', ''Blanquiazules''
|pattern_la1=_lacoruna1415h
|pattern_b1=_lacoruna1415h
|pattern_ra1=_lacoruna1415h
|
|leftarm1=FFFFFF
|body1=FFFFFF
|rightarm1=FFFFFF
|shorts1=1111FF
|socks1=1111FF
|pattern_la2=_lacoruna1415a
|pattern_b2=_lacoruna1415a
|pattern_ra2=_lacoruna1415a
|
|leftarm2=FFFFFF
|body2=FFFFFF
|rightarm2=FFFFF
|shorts2=FFFFFF
|socks2=FFFFFF
|pattern_la3=_lacoruna1415t
|pattern_b3=_collar
|pattern_ra3=_lacoruna1415t
|
|leftarm3=800000
|body3=800000
|rightarm3=800000
|shorts3=800000
|socks3=800000
| tríú éide = Tríú éide
| dathanna = [[Íomhá:600px Bianco e Blu a Strisce-Flag.svg|20px]] [[Bán]] - [[Gorm]]
| cathair = [[A Coruña]]
| tír = {{bratach|Spain}} [[An Spáinn]]
| cónaidhm = [[UEFA]]
| sraith   = [[Primera División de España]]
| bunaithe = 1906
| uachtarán = {{bratach|Spain}} Tino Fernández
| traenálaí = {{bratach|Spain}} ?
| staid = [[Estadio Municipal de Riazor|Estadio de Riazor]]
| acmhainn = 34,600
| suíomh = www.canaldeportivo.com
| séasúr reatha = 
}}

Is club [[sacar|peile]] [[an Spáinn|Spáinneach]] é '''Real Club Deportivo da Coruña''', S.A.D. Bunaíodh an club sa bhliain [[1906]]. Imríonn sé sa Chathair [[A Coruña|na Cruinne]] ([[An Ghailís]]) sa pháirc ''Estadio Municipal de Riazor'' a bhfuil áit le haghaidh 34,600 lucht féachana.

== An Tús ==
Sa bhliain [[1902]] d'fhill José María Abalo, fear as A Coruña, óna am ag staidéar i Sasana, agus thóg sé an cluiche leis. D'imir sé é lena chuid cara sa réileán tairbh.

Sa bhliain [[1904]] bhunaigh siad foireann darbh ainm (?), tar éis tamall thug an giomnáisiam Sala Calvet iad faoi deara agus thosaigh siad ag imirt é freisin.

I mí na Nollaig [[1906]], bhunaigh na fir foireann darbh ainm Club Deportivo de la Sala Calvet, agus tar éis tamall d'athraigh sé go dtí ''Deportivo de Coruña''. Tar éis dhá bhliain eile, fuair an fhoireann an marc ríoga ón [[Rí Alfonso XIII]] agus glaodh Real Club Deportivo de La Coruña air. 

== Athrú go Foireann Proifisiúnta ==
Lean Deportivo ag imirt sna sraitheanna éagsúla sa [[An Ghailís|Ghailís]] agus an tír go dtí an bhliain [[1928]], nuair a bunaíodh an tsraith Spáinneach. Theip air Deportivo cáiliú don “Primera División” ach d'imir siad sa &quot;Segunda División&quot; ar dtús, bhuaigh siad ar Real Madrid sa Copa del Rey, go dtí gur cháiligh siad don Primera División sa bhliain [[1929]].

Bhuaigh siad an copa del Rey sa bhliain 1995 agus arís sa bhliain [[2002]].
Bhuaigh siad an chéad corn sraithe sa séasúr [[1999]]/[[2000]].

== Eile ==
Coimeádann an fhoireann an t-ainm &quot;La Coruña&quot; cé go bhfuil an chathair go hoifigiúil &quot;A Coruña&quot;.

[[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na Spáinne]]
[[Catagóir:An Ghailís]]</text>
      <sha1>nnq7sap97epks5x5hiq7xy1kq8cr58x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Chipir</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>15855</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331975</id>
      <parentid>1246321</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:57:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331975</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="323" sha1="bq7refq84hyx76ytfcboys94nsehact" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Cyprus}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cipir, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Oileáin sa Mheánmhuir]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha an Mheánoirthir]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Cipir]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na Meánmhara]]</text>
      <sha1>bq7refq84hyx76ytfcboys94nsehact</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kings (scannán)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>16251</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332049</id>
      <parentid>1301925</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:59:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nasc curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332049</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3242" sha1="iptq4leld2bbtm51zvqej27ewjc9dm0" xml:space="preserve">{{Teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Scannáin
|image = [[Íomhá:Póstaer 'Kings'.jpg|220px]]
}}
Scannán [[Éire]]annach agus dátheangach ón mbliain 2007 is ea '''''Kings''''', faoi stiúir Tom Collins. Tá an scannán bunaithe ar an dráma le Jimmy Murphy, ''The Kings of the Kilburn High Road''. Déantar cur síos ar scéal scata cairde as [[Conamara]] a bhuaileann le chéile arís ag sochraid duine dá ngrúpa, 30 bliain tar éis dóibh dul ar imirce go [[Sasana]].

== Scéal ==

Gabhann scata fear óg ar imirce ó [[Conamara|Chonamara]] go [[Sasana]] i lár na [[1970idí]], agus iad go huaillmhianach ar thóir beatha níos fearr. Bhí siad lena saibhreas a dhéanamh agus le filleadh ar an mbaile arís. 

Buaileann siad le chéile arís, tríocha bliain níos déanaí ag sochraid an charad ab óige acu, Jackie. Is i gcónra a fhilleann Jackie agus bailíonn a chairde ag an tórramh. 

Tá athrú mór ar an saol agus orthu féin ón gcéad lá a ndeachaigh siad ar a mbád bán&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://saol.gaeilge.ie/Eagr%C3%A1nReatha/Aersc%C3%A9alta.html |teideal=Aerscéalta, Saol, Eanáir 2012 |dátarochtana=2012-01-18 |archivedate=2011-12-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230174627/http://saol.gaeilge.ie/Eagr%C3%A1nReatha/Aersc%C3%A9alta.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;. &quot;D’fhéadfadh muid a bheith mar kings” is iad na focail deireanach.

== Gradaim ==

Roghnaíodh é mar iarrthóir na hÉireann le haghaidh chatagóir an scannáin is fearr i dteanga eachtrannach, i n[[Gradaim an Acadaimh]], 2008, cé nár éirigh leis a chraobh a thabhairt leis ar deireadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.highpointfilms.co.uk/kings/index.htm |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2008-03-31 |archivedate=2008-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413072303/http://www.highpointfilms.co.uk/kings/index.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ach d'éirigh leis cúig ghradam [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] a bhuachan sa bhliain chéanna.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.foinse.ie/nuacht_det.php?nid=33{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Luadh é mar scannán a bhain amhlabhra de.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/roinn-le-moladh-faoin-scannan-is-deanai-o-cine-4-ach-urchar-amu-e-baite/|teideal=Roinnt le moladh faoin scannán is déanaí ó Cine4, ach urchar amú é ‘Báite’|údar=[[Maitiú Ó Coimín]]|dáta=2026-03-11|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Foireann aisteoirí ==

Is iad [[Colm Meaney]], Brendan Conroy agus Donal O'Kelly na príomh[[aisteoir]]í

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Aisteoir
! Ról&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0889136/ IMDB.com - Film and cast summary for Kings (2007)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Colm Meaney]] ||Joe Mullan
|-
| [[Donal O'Kelly]] || Jap Kavanagh
|-
| [[Brendan Conroy]] ||Git
|-
|[[Donncha Crowley]]||Shay 
|-
| Barry Barnes ||Máirtín
|-
|[[Christopher Greene]]||Jap Jnr
|}

== Tagairtí ==

{{reflist}}

== Naisc Sheachtracha ==

* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0889136/ an scannán ar IMDB]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMwvOHu3Gn0 Físeán réamhbhlaiste an scannáin ar ''YouTube'']

[[Catagóir:Scannáin Béarla]]
[[Catagóir:Scannáin Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Scannáin 2007]]</text>
      <sha1>iptq4leld2bbtm51zvqej27ewjc9dm0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Chróit</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>17263</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331979</id>
      <parentid>1245564</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:58:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331979</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="291" sha1="itjdjgse44fy69tkdqej7gfgniyqjdv" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Croatia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cróit, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Na Balcáin|Chróit, An]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Chróit, An]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na Meánmhara]]</text>
      <sha1>itjdjgse44fy69tkdqej7gfgniyqjdv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lámhcheird</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17656</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332067</id>
      <parentid>1318851</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:08:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332067</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="422" sha1="nqo40dvunrxtib3lu6w9n65gbl698n0" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Artesanía de Salta.jpg|deas|250px|thumb|Lámhcheird.]]
Is éard is '''lámhcheird''' nó ceardaíocht ann ná an saghas oibre ina ndéantar gléasanna úsáideacha agus maisithe le lámha agus uirlisí simplí, go haonraic. Go hiondúil úsáidtear an téarma i gcomhair earraí a bhíonn monaraithe go neamh-meicniúil i mbealaí traidisiúnta.

{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Na hEalaíona]]</text>
      <sha1>nqo40dvunrxtib3lu6w9n65gbl698n0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>John Boorman</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18201</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332048</id>
      <parentid>1023039</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:59:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Mionathruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332048</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9459" sha1="kt570iiw09bfd5l19dilsl683laz337" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}Stiúrthóir agus fear mór [[scannánaíocht]]a is ea Sir '''John Boorman''' CBE, a rugadh i [[Surrey]], [[Sasana]], ar an [[18 Eanáir]] [[1933]]. Sasanach atá ann, agus é ina chónaí in [[Áth na mBó]], [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/john-boorman-i-have-to-take-a-measure-of-blame-for-harvey-weinstein-1.4160234|teideal=John Boorman: ‘I have to take a measure of blame for Harvey Weinstein’|údar=Agallamh le John Boorman (Donald Clarke)|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2022-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; B'iad a chuid príomhscannán ''[[Point Blank (scannán)|Point Blank]]'', ''[[Deliverance (scannán)|Deliverance]]'', ''[[Excalibur (scannán)|Excalibur]]'', ''[[Hope and Glory (scannán)|Hope and Glory]]'', ''[[The General (scannán)|The General]]'' agus ''[[Zardoz (scannán)|Zardoz]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/deliverance-director-john-boorman-knighted-for-services-to-film-41199040.html|teideal=Deliverance director John Boorman knighted for services to film|language=en|work=independent|dátarochtana=2022-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifta.ie/life_time/john_boorman.php|teideal=IFTA Academy {{!}} Irish Film &amp; Television Academy {{!}} Irish Film &amp; Television Awards|work=ifta.ie|dátarochtana=2022-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Íomhá:John Boorman (1974).jpg|clé|mion|1974]]
[[Íomhá:Dave Clark Five 1966.JPG|mion|''The Dave Clark Five, 1966''|clé]]
== A Óige agus Tús a Ghairmréime ==
Rugadh John Boorman i [[Shepperton]] i gcontae [[Surrey]]. B'iad Ivy Chapman agus George Boorman a thuismitheoirí. Cé nach raibh sé ina Chaitliceach, chuaigh sé ar scoil na Sailéiseach i Chertsey sa chontae céanna. Ar dtús, chuaigh sé le tirimghlantóireacht agus le hiriseoireacht mar shlí bheatha, ach ansin, fuair sé post leis an mBBC ag déanamh scannáin fhaisnéise.  

Chuir an léiritheoir David Deutsch sonrú sa stiúrthóir óg éirimiúil, agus d'fhostaigh sé Boorman chun ''Catch Us If You Can'' a stiúradh. B'iad ceoltóirí na foirne úd ''[[The Dave Clark Five]]'' a rinne na príomhpháirteanna. San am sin - faoi lár na seascaidí - bhí an ''Dave Clark Five'' ag iarraidh an bua a bhreith ar na ''[[The Beatles|Beatles]]'', agus an scannán ceaptha mar fhreagra ar ''[[A Hard Day's Night (scannán)|A Hard Day's Night]]'', ceolscannán na m''Beatles''. 
[[Íomhá:Toshiro Mifune character in filming of Hell in the Pacific 4.jpg|clé|mion|''Hell in the Pacific'' (1968).]]Níor éirigh go rómhaith leis an gcéad scannán sna pictiúrlanna, ach ar a laghad, réitigh sé ród an stiúrthóra go [[Hollywood]]. Sa bhliain 1967, stiúir sé an chéad scannán do &quot;mhonarcha na n-aislingí&quot; thar sáile, ''Point Blank''. B'iad [[Angie Dickinson]] agus [[Lee Marvin]] a rinne na príomhpháirteanna, agus imeachtaí an scannáin bunaithe ar úrscéal bleachtaireachta le Donald Westlake (a shínigh é féin mar Richard Stark). [[Íomhá:The Exorcist TV series logo.png|mion|clé]]Ag stiúrú an scannáin dó, chaith Boorman súil ar leith ar radharcra [[Los Angeles]], ar [[Alcatraz]] - ní raibh an príosún míchlúiteach dúnta ach le cúpla bliain anuas san am, agus b'é seo an chéad scannán a ndearnadh codanna de ansin - agus ar shaol na cathrach go gairid roimh theacht na [[Hipí|hipithe]]. Scéal díoltais atá ann go bunúsach, agus an laoch ag baint a shásaimh as na coirpigh eagraithe.

B'é ''Hell in the Pacific'' an chéad phríomhscannán eile a rinne Boorman, sa bhliain 1968. Sa scannán seo, faigheann [[saighdiúir]] [[SAM|Meiriceánach]] (Lee Marvin) agus Seapánach (Toshiro Mifune) iad féin in aon oileán beag amháin le chéile le linn [[an Dara Cogadh Domhanda]]. 

Sa bhliain 1970, rinne Boorman scannán amháin i Sasana, ''Leo The Last'', a bhí go mór mór faoi thionchar na bhfaisean comhaimseartha scannánaíochta, go háirithe saothar an stiúrthóra Iodálaigh [[Federico Fellini]]. Fuair Boorman, fiú, an t-aisteoir clúiteach Iodálach Marcello Mastroianni &quot;ar iasacht&quot; ó Fellini le haghaidh an scannáin seo. D'éirigh leis an scannán go maith i bhFéile Cannes, ach mar sin féin, tá sé sábháilte a rá go bhfuil ''Leo The Last'' ligthe i ndearmad inniu. 

== Briseadh mór ==

D'éirigh an briseadh mór le Boorman leis an scannán úd ''Deliverance'' sa bhliain 1972. Cineál scannán uafáis atá ann. Sa scannán seo, téann ceathrar fear meánaicmeacha go dtí [[na Sléibhte Apaláiseacha]] lena laethanta saoire a chaitheamh ag bádóireacht. Is fuar an fháilte a fhearann muintir na háite rompu, ansin. B'iad [[Jon Voight]], [[Burt Reynolds]], Ned Beatty, agus Ronny Cox na haisteoirí a rinne páirteanna an cheathrair. Tháinig na mílte ag feiceáil an scannáin, agus bhí Boorman ar an ngearrliosta don [[Duais Acadamh na Scannánaíochta (&quot;Oscar&quot;)|Oscar]]. 

I dtús na [[1970idí|seachtóidí]], bhí Boorman ag dréim le [[Tiarna na bhFáinní]] a scannánú, agus é, fiú, i dteagmháil le [[J. R. R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] féin. Níor éirigh leis an scéim, ach bhain sé leas áirithe as an obair ullmhúcháin a bhí déanta aige, nuair a chrom sé ar an scannán úd ''Excalibur'' (1981), a bhí bunaithe ar théamaí na hArtúraíochta.

Sa bhliain 1974, tháinig ''Zardoz'' ar an scáileán. Bhí an scannán seo bunaithe ar ábhar diostóipeach, agus b'é [[Seán Connery]] a rinne páirt an laoich. Scannán conspóideach é ''Zardoz'' i gcónaí. Tá daoine áirithe den bharúil go raibh gléasadh stáitse an scannáin áiféiseach, gan aon trácht a dhéanamh ar na cultacha &quot;todhchaíocha&quot; a chaith na príomhphearsana. Ón taobh eile de, áfach, tá siad ann a deir gur súil úr bhunúil ar an todhchaí chianmhar a bhí ann, an feistiú aisteach san áireamh.

Níor éirigh chomh maith céanna leis an scannán ''Exorcist II: The Heretic''. Go bunúsach, scéal leantach a bhí ann don scannán cáiliúil uafáis ón mbliain 1973, ''The Exorcist''. Ní raibh mórán ratha ar an gceann seo, agus ba dhóbair dó deireadh a chur le gairmréim Boorman mar fhear scannánaíochta.

Maidir le h''Excalibur'', b'iad [[Helen Mirren]] agus Nicol Williamson a roghnaíodh le haghaidh phríomhpháirteanna an chinn sin. Bhí fuath na ndaol ag an mbeirt seo dá chéile, agus iad an-mhíshásta leis go gcaithfidís comhoibriú, ach is é an cur chuige a bhí ag Boorman ná &quot;an rud is measa leat ná do bhás b'fhéidir gurb é lár do leasa é&quot;, mar a déarfadh an seanfhocal [[Gaeilge]]. Mar a d'iompaigh an scéal amach, b'é an cur chuige ceart é, ó d'éirigh go gleoite leis an scannán. Rinneadh an scannán seo in Éirinn, áit a raibh cónaí ar Boorman faoin am seo, agus bhí a chlann ag cuidiú leis an stiúrthóir in oibreacha na scannánaíochta. [[Íomhá:BAFTA Mask at Piccadilly Circus (2009) revised.jpg|clé|mion|
BAFTA 
]]
== Dírbheathaisnéis ==
An scannán a rinne sé sa bhliain 1987 sa [[Ríocht Aontaithe]], ''Hope and Glory'', b'é an scannán ba mhó dírbheathaisnéise a rinne sé, nó is cur síos é ar imeachtaí a chéad óige i Sasana le linn [[an Blitz]]. Ghnóthaigh an scannán  duais BAFTA dó, agus bhí sé ar an ngearrliosta don Oscar arís. Mar sin féin, níor éirigh go rómhaith leis an gcéad scannán eile a rinne sé, ''Where the Heart is''. Coiméide a bhí ann a léiríodh sna Stáit Aontaithe, agus b'é ab ábhar dó ná saol an [[Teaghlach mífheidhmiúil|teaghlaigh mhífheidhmiúil]]. [[Íomhá:John Boorman Cannes 2014.jpg|mion|2014|clé]]Roghnaigh Boorman a mhac féin, [[Charley Boorman]], mar phríomhlaoch agus mar churadh éiceolaíochta sa scannán ''The Emerald Forest'', a rinne sé sa bhliain 1985. Sa scannán seo, bhain Boorman úsáid as eilimintí &quot;intráchtála&quot; cosúil le cailíní nach raibh ach scriosán beag éadaigh orthu agus aicsean is sceitimíní, ach san am céanna, bhí teachtaireacht láidir éiceolaíochta ann. ina dhiaidh sin, scannánaigh Boorman cúpla scéal faoi dhaoine a fhaigheann iad féin ar an trá fholamh in áiteanna coimhthíocha nach féidir leo bheith compordach iontu: ''Beyond Rangoon'' (1995) agus ''The Tailor of Panama'' (2000). 

Sa bhliain 2006, d'eisigh Boorman an scannán ''The Tiger's Tail''. Tá imeachtaí an scéil suite in Éirinn i mblianta an [[An Tíogar Ceilteach|Tíogair Cheiltigh]]. 

== Aitheantas ==
Sa bhliain 1999, ghnóthaigh Boorman duais an stiúrthóra is fearr i bhFéile Cannes leis an scannán ''The General'', a bhí bunaithe ar imeachtaí saoil an choirpigh chlúitigh [[Martin Cahill]]. 

Fuair sé &quot;Lifetime Achievement Recognition&quot; ón [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|ASTÉ]] in 2010 agus rinneadh ridire de i Sasana sa bhliain 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifta.ie/life_time/john_boorman.php|teideal=IFTA Academy {{!}} Irish Film &amp; Television Academy {{!}} Irish Film &amp; Television Awards|work=ifta.ie|dátarochtana=2022-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/deliverance-director-john-boorman-knighted-for-services-to-film-41199040.html|teideal=Deliverance director John Boorman knighted for services to film|language=en|work=independent|dátarochtana=2022-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}} 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boorman, John}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1933]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Stiúrthóirí scannán Sasanacha]]</text>
      <sha1>kt570iiw09bfd5l19dilsl683laz337</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Plé:Lása (cathair)</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>19417</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332030</id>
      <parentid>211785</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:45:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Plé:Lása]] go [[Plé:Lása (cathair)]]</comment>
      <origin>211785</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="223" sha1="9vq26rrd54h50r7dql4bnuuw9p9m5yl" xml:space="preserve">An bhfuil údarás ar bith leis an leagan ''Geifeal''? [[Úsáideoir:Tameamseo|Tameamseo]] 00:21, 4 Mí na Nollag 2008 (UTC) 
:Chuir mé ''Gephel'' ann. [[Úsáideoir:Tameamseo|Tameamseo]] 22:56, 16 Mí na Nollag 2008 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>9vq26rrd54h50r7dql4bnuuw9p9m5yl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Ostair</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>19764</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331986</id>
      <parentid>1186842</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:01:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331986</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="215" sha1="nm9gnrm1a0ppqefvndxubhi1x8erxr5" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Austria}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ostair, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Ostair, An]]</text>
      <sha1>nm9gnrm1a0ppqefvndxubhi1x8erxr5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An tSlóivéin</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>21464</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332000</id>
      <parentid>1186847</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:06:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>1332000</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="268" sha1="m5uxyz6b7jsn1a0hf16mggq91snc93u" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Slovenia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sloivéin, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Na Balcáin|Slóivéin, An t]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Slóivéin, An t]]</text>
      <sha1>m5uxyz6b7jsn1a0hf16mggq91snc93u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Laitvia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>21475</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331985</id>
      <parentid>1186840</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:01:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331985</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="216" sha1="aeg15r2rrne06cqgqroojhyk7inbom6" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Latvia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Laitvia, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Laitvia, An]]</text>
      <sha1>aeg15r2rrne06cqgqroojhyk7inbom6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:An Bhulgáir</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>21486</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331973</id>
      <parentid>1186833</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:56:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331973</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="261" sha1="rhqhmc7vok8v1qlcv7yur8jjiv8gn2l" xml:space="preserve">{{Catcómhaoin|Bulgaria}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bulgáir, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Na Balcáin|Bhulgáir, An]]
[[Catagóir:Tíortha na hEorpa|Bhulgáir, An]]</text>
      <sha1>rhqhmc7vok8v1qlcv7yur8jjiv8gn2l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>BBC Thuaisceart Éireann</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>24472</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331974</id>
      <parentid>1198925</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:56:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cuid mhaith curtha leis agus roinnt athruithe</comment>
      <origin>1331974</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3465" sha1="rnp9z3dpl7wlk810vgd7kgikk6vmpqh" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}

Is é '''BBC Thuaisceart Éireann''' an craoltóir [[teilifís]]e agus [[raidió]] is mó i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]].

Ceann de réigiúin an [[BBC]] is ea BBC Thuaisceart Éireann, chomh maith le [[BBC Cymru|BBC Cymru/Wales]] sa [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Bhreatain Bheag]] agus [[BBC Alba]] in [[Albain]]. Bhíodh 700 duine fostaithe acu i m[[Béal Feirste]] tráth.

Sa bhliain 2026 fógraíodh plean chun fáil réidh le 50 sa bhreis. Mhaígh an BBC nach mbeadh aon athrú ar chaiteachas na heagraíochta ar chraoltaí Gaeilge ná Éireannach ar an raidió.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-naire-ciorruithe-foirne-an-bbc-ata-ag-eiri-nios-naimhdi-i-leith-na-gaeilge/|teideal=Údar ‘náire’ ciorruithe foirne an BBC, atá ‘ag éirí níos naimhdí’ i leith na Gaeilge|dáta=2026-10-20|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gaeilge ==
{{Príomhalt|BBC Gaeilge}}
Tá Roinn na Gaeilge ag BBC Thuaisceart Éireann darb ainm [[BBC Gaeilge]]. Craolann siad cláracha raidió agus teilifíse i nGaeilge, an clár seanbhunaithe ''[[Blas (BBC)|Blas]]'' san áireamh.

Is iomaí gradam atá buaite ag cláracha Gaeilge BBC Thuaisceart Éireann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-imni-e-an-slad-ar-aonad-gaeilge-an-bbc/|teideal=Údar imní é an slad ar Aonad Gaeilge an BBC|údar=[[Póilín Ní Chiaráin]]|dáta=2026-10-21|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dar le huachtarán [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]] [[Ciarán Mac Giolla Bhéin]] ní bhíonn comharthaíocht dhátheangach ag an mBBC ina bhfoirgnimh agus ní bhíonn &quot;ach líon fíorbheag d'ábhar Gaeilge do pháistí agus daoine óga acu.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Fógraíodh sa bhliain 2026 go raibh i gceist ag an mBBC foireann an aonaid a ghearradh siar go beirt. Dúirt Mac Giolla Bhéin go raibh na ciorruithe seo &quot;díréireach&quot; i gcomparáid le codanna eile den BBC agus gur chosúil go raibh an BBC &quot;ag éirí níos naimhdí&quot; i leith na Gaeilge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Táthar ann a deireanns gur seanchlaonadh de chuid na heagraíochta é bheith frith-Ghaelach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=&quot;Éilímis go gcuireann an BBC deireadh leis an phlean acu&quot; – Somhairle Mag Uidhir|url=https://nos.ie/news/eilimis-go-gcuireann-an-bbc-deireadh-leis-an-phlean-acu-somhairle-mag-uidhir/|work=[[NÓS]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=Somhairle Mag Uidhir|dáta=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spreag na ciorruithe feachtas ina gcoinne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Roibeard Mac Maoláin|date=04 Samhain 2026|title=Gaeil ag diúltú ceadúnas an BBC a íoc mar gheall ar chiorruithe|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lgh 1 ⁊ 4|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/gaeil-ag-diultu-ceadunas-an-bbc-a-ioc-mar-gheall-ar-chiorruithe/a/164041581.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Teilifís ==
* [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann a hAon]]
* [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann a Dó]]

== Raidió ==
* [[BBC Raidió Uladh]] (92-95 FM)
* [[BBC Raidió Feabhail]] (93.1 FM)

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ bbc.co.uk/northernireland/]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/gaeilge/ bbc.co.uk/gaeilge/]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Teilifís in Éireann}}
{{síol-ni}}

[[Catagóir:Cultúr Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin teilifíse na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:BBC]]
[[Catagóir:BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 1924]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 1920í]]</text>
      <sha1>rnp9z3dpl7wlk810vgd7kgikk6vmpqh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332014</id>
      <parentid>1331974</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:13:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332014</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3505" sha1="mscgy91lvrag2ltngrq00oo6o05vvd2" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}

Is é '''BBC Thuaisceart Éireann''' an craoltóir [[teilifís]]e agus [[raidió]] is mó i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]].

Ceann de réigiúin an [[BBC]] is ea BBC Thuaisceart Éireann, chomh maith le [[BBC Cymru|BBC Cymru/Wales]] sa [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Bhreatain Bheag]] agus [[BBC Alba]] in [[Albain]]. Bhíodh 700 duine fostaithe acu i m[[Béal Feirste]] tráth.

Sa bhliain 2026 fógraíodh plean chun fáil réidh le 50 sa bhreis. Mhaígh an BBC nach mbeadh aon athrú ar chaiteachas na heagraíochta ar chraoltaí Gaeilge ná Éireannach ar an raidió.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/news/eilimis-go-gcuireann-an-bbc-deireadh-leis-an-phlean-acu-somhairle-mag-uidhir/|teideal=&quot;Éilímis go gcuireann an BBC deireadh leis an phlean acu&quot;|údar=Somhairle Mag Uidhir|dáta=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|language=ga-IE|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-naire-ciorruithe-foirne-an-bbc-ata-ag-eiri-nios-naimhdi-i-leith-na-gaeilge/|teideal=Údar ‘náire’ ciorruithe foirne an BBC, atá ‘ag éirí níos naimhdí’ i leith na Gaeilge|dáta=2026-10-20|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gaeilge ==
{{Príomhalt|BBC Gaeilge}}
Tá Roinn na Gaeilge ag BBC Thuaisceart Éireann darb ainm [[BBC Gaeilge]]. Craolann siad cláracha raidió agus teilifíse i nGaeilge, an clár seanbhunaithe ''[[Blas (BBC)|Blas]]'' san áireamh.

Is iomaí gradam atá buaite ag cláracha Gaeilge BBC Thuaisceart Éireann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-imni-e-an-slad-ar-aonad-gaeilge-an-bbc/|teideal=Údar imní é an slad ar Aonad Gaeilge an BBC|údar=[[Póilín Ní Chiaráin]]|dáta=2026-10-21|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dar le huachtarán [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]] [[Ciarán Mac Giolla Bhéin]] ní bhíonn comharthaíocht dhátheangach ag an mBBC ina bhfoirgnimh agus ní bhíonn &quot;ach líon fíorbheag d'ábhar Gaeilge do pháistí agus daoine óga acu.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Fógraíodh sa bhliain 2026 go raibh i gceist ag an mBBC foireann an aonaid a ghearradh siar go beirt. Dúirt Mac Giolla Bhéin go raibh na ciorruithe seo &quot;díréireach&quot; i gcomparáid le codanna eile den BBC agus gur chosúil go raibh an BBC &quot;ag éirí níos naimhdí&quot; i leith na Gaeilge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Táthar ann a deireanns gur seanchlaonadh de chuid na heagraíochta é bheith frith-Ghaelach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Spreag na ciorruithe feachtas ina gcoinne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Roibeard Mac Maoláin|date=04 Samhain 2026|title=Gaeil ag diúltú ceadúnas an BBC a íoc mar gheall ar chiorruithe|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lgh 1 ⁊ 4|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/gaeil-ag-diultu-ceadunas-an-bbc-a-ioc-mar-gheall-ar-chiorruithe/a/164041581.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Teilifís ==
* [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann a hAon]]
* [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann a Dó]]

== Raidió ==
* [[BBC Raidió Uladh]] (92-95 FM)
* [[BBC Raidió Feabhail]] (93.1 FM)

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ bbc.co.uk/northernireland/]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/gaeilge/ bbc.co.uk/gaeilge/]

== Féach freisin ==

* [[BBC Gaeilge]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Teilifís in Éireann}}
[[Catagóir:Cultúr Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin teilifíse na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:BBC]]
[[Catagóir:BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 1924]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 1920í]]</text>
      <sha1>mscgy91lvrag2ltngrq00oo6o05vvd2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Raidió Rí-Rá</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25585</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332056</id>
      <parentid>1298920</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:03:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nasc curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332056</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4886" sha1="aybsopjpcxatu3qc5gah3tmoilv05gj" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta|logo=[[Íomhá:Raidió X.gif|220px]]}}

Is cairt-stáisiún ceoil é '''Raidió Rí-Rá''' ag craoladh go hiomlán trí [[Gaeilge|Ghaeilge]]. Is é an chéad chairt-stáisiún lán-Ghaeilge don aos óg in Éirinn agus seinneann an stáisiún na hamhráin ó bharr na gcairteacha ar líne ag '''www.rrr.ie'''. Tá cláracha ar nós PopNuacht, Giotaí, GigNuacht, agus [[Top 40 Oifigiúil na hÉireann]] á gcraoladh trí mheán na [[Gaeilge]] ar an stáisiún freisin.

Tá Raidió Rí-Rá faoi cheannas Raidió X Teoranta le tacaíocht ó [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]] agus é maoinithe ag an Roinn Gnóthaí Pobail, Tuaithe agus Gaeltachta trí Chiste na Gaeilge ó Fháltais an Chrannchuir Náisiúnta. Is é Digital Radio Ltd an cuideachta oibríoch.

== Stáisiún Raidió Gaeilge don Aos Óg ==

Seoladh an chéad chairt-stáisiún raidió náisiúnta Gaeilge don aos-óg faoin ainm oibre Raidió X ar an chéad lá de Sheachtain na Gaeilge 2008, 3 Márta 2008. Tháinig 100 mac léinn le chéile ar pháirc chruicéid Ollscoil na Tríonóide i mBaile Átha Cliath chun cruth X a dhéanamh ar an bpáirc mar shiombail den stáisiún nua.&lt;ref&gt;Ó Muirí, P 2008, 'Ag dul thar sáile ar lorg lucht labhartha na Gaeilge', ''The Irish Times'', 5 Márta, An Teanga Beo.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Raidió Rí-Rá Ar An Aer ==

Seoladh seirbhís FM de chuid Raidió Rí-Rá Dé Máirt 3 Márta 2009 ag ógfhoireann Rí-Rá i dteannta aíonna speisialta ag ceithre phreasócáid éagsúil a bhí ar siúl ar fud na tíre mar chuid de [[Seachtain na Gaeilge|Sheachtain na Gaeilge]] 2009. Thug an tAire [[Éamon Ó Cuív]] cuairt ar an stiúideo ar Shráid an Mhóta Uachtarach i mBaile Átha Cliath chun labhairt le láithreoirí Rí-Rá agus a thacaíocht a léiriú don ógstáisiún Gaeilge úr.

Bhí teacht ar níos mó ná milliúin go leith duine ar Raidió Rí-Rá agus é ar FM le linn mhí an Mhárta 2009, agus ba í an craoladh sealadach seo an chéad chéim i dtreo stáisiún raidió lánaimseartha as Gaeilge don aos óg a chur ar an gcóras náisiúnta FM.

D'éirigh le Raidió Rí-Rá tús a chur leis an gcraoladh beo ar an gcóras FM in 2009 buíochas le ceadúnas sealadach ilchathrach a bhronn Coimisiúin Craolachán na hÉireann air. Cuireadh seirbhís FM Rí-Rá ar fáil le tacaíocht ón bpríomhurraitheoir corparáideach [[Samsung]] agus le cabhair ó [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]].

Chomh maith le cláracha amhlaidh PopNuacht agus [[Top 40 Oifigiúil na hÉireann]] a bhí cheana féin ar fáil ar líne ag '''www.rrr.ie''', bhí seónna beo á gcraoladh trí mheán na Gaeilge, mar aon le cláracha speisialta curtha i láthair ag a leithéid [[Clíona Ní Chiosáin]], príomhcharachtar sa tsraith theilifíse [[Aifric]] a bhuaigh gradam [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]]. Bhí an scéal is déanaí ó imeachtaí Sheachtain na Gaeilge ar fud na tíre á luaigh ar Rí-Rá gach uair a chlog agus bhí deis ag éisteoirí iarratais cheoil a chur isteach ar shuíomh an stáisiúin, dul i dteagmháil le láithreoirí ag eolas@raidiorira.ie, agus teachtaireachtaí téacs a sheoladh isteach chuig +353 (0)85 1328000 le linn an chraolacháin bheo.

Ba mhaith leis an stáisiún bheith ar fáil ar [[Saorview]].

== Glór Ár Linne ==
{{Príomhalt|Glór Ár Linne}}
Chuir Raidió Rí-Rá tús le togra sa bhliain 2025 chun glúin nua ceoltóirí a chothú. Tugann sé deis dóibh scileanna praiticiúla a fhoghlaim ó cheoltóirí a bhfuil fios na ceirde acu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/gaeilge/2025/0911/1532856-the-irish-language-is-a-doorway-not-a-barrier-glor-ar-linne/|teideal='The Irish language is a doorway, not a barrier': Glór ár Linne|dáta=11 Meán Fómhair 2025|language=as Gaeilge ⁊ Béarla|work=[[RTÉ]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Emma Ferrari]]|date=9 Meán Fómhair 2025|title=Glórtha Nua Ár Linne|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Gradaim==
Bhuaigh ''Raidió Rí-Rá'' gradam na Gaelainne ag Gradaim Cúiseanna Maithe an Crannchur Náisiúnta 2018.

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.rrr.ie/ Raidió Rí-Rá]
* [http://www.cnag.ie/ Conradh na Gaeilge]
* [http://www.snag.ie/ Seachtain na Gaeilge]
* [http://www.samsung.com/ie/ Samsung]
* [http://www.pobail.ie/ An Roinn Gnóthaí Pobail, Tuaithe agus Gaeltachta]
* [http://www.digitalaudioproductions.com/ Digital Audio Productions]

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Glór Ár Linne]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ri-Ra}}
[[Catagóir:Raidió Rí-Rá| ]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin raidió Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Meáin na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Líonraí podchraoltaí]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin raidió a thosaigh ag craoladh i 2008]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin raidió in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Conradh na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin raidió Gaeilge]]</text>
      <sha1>aybsopjpcxatu3qc5gah3tmoilv05gj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Stair Dhoire</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>26723</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331991</id>
      <parentid>1006823</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:04:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Catagóirí athraithe</comment>
      <origin>1331991</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="106" sha1="i25afheb8y5t0324nuu5qlv39etik3e" xml:space="preserve">[[Catagóir:Stair Chontae Dhoire]]
[[Catagóir:Doire]]
[[Catagóir:Stair na hÉireann de réir contaetha]]</text>
      <sha1>i25afheb8y5t0324nuu5qlv39etik3e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ivan Bunin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>26740</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331937</id>
      <parentid>1317883</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:19:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Óige */</comment>
      <origin>1331937</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11891" sha1="p9qo7lhk0elpcg8gw09fr5ihey7a5nb" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Scríbhneoir [[An Rúis|Rúiseach]] ab ea '''Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin''' ({{lang-ru|Иван Алексеевич Бунин}}, traslitriú scolártha: ''Ivan Alekseevič Bunin''). Rugadh in Voronezh é ar an [[10 Deireadh Fómhair]] [[1870]] de réir Fhéilire Iúil a bhí in úsáid sa Rúis san am, nó ar an [[22 Deireadh Fómhair]] de réir Fhéilire Ghréagóra.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/84705/Ivan-Alekseyevich-Bunin |teideal=Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin |dátarochtana=13 Feabhra 2010 |foilsitheoir=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fuair sé bás i b[[Páras]] ar an [[8 Samhain]] [[1953]]. Bhain sé amach [[Duais Nobel sa Litríocht|Duais Nobel sa litríocht]] roimh aon Rúiseach eile, sa bhliain 1933. Scríobhadh sé dánta chomh maith, ach ba é an saothar próis a thabhaigh an duais dó. Scríbhneoir réadúil a bhí ann agus é ag tabhairt cur síos ar shaol na tuaithe sa Rúis roimh [[Réabhlóid Dheireadh Fómhair]]; bhí sé go tréan in aghaidh na réabhlóide agus an [[Cumannachas|Chumannachais]]. 

== A Shaol ==
=== Óige ===
Uaisle ab ea muintir Bunin, ach ní raibh an saol ag éirí go rómhaith leo a thuilleadh nuair a tháinig Ivan óg ar an bhfód. Oifigeach airm ab ea a athair nach raibh ina fhear shaibhir ná shócúlach, agus chaith Ivan laethanta a chéad óige ar a raibh fágtha de thailte na treibhe in aice le Oryol i lár na Rúise. Sa bhliain 1881, cuireadh Ivan go scoil phoiblí i Yelets, ach níor chríochnaigh sé an cúrsa riamh: díbríodh é i Márta 1886 toisc nár fhill sé ar an scoil tar éis laethanta saoire na Nollag mar gheall ar dheacrachtaí airgeadais an teaghlaigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio_3&quot; /&gt;
Sa bhliain 1887 chuaigh an chéad dán leis i gcló ar an iris úd ''Rodina'' i g[[Cathair Pheadair]]. Dhá bhliain ina dhiaidh sin d'aistrigh seisean agus a dheartháir go dtí Khar'kov (inniu: Khar'kiv s[[an Úcráin]]), ó fuair an deartháir post ansin. 

San am seo, shaothraigh Ivan óg a chuid ag leabharlannaíocht agus ag [[iriseoireacht]] don nuachtán áitiúil in Oryol.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;/&gt; Ba é an nuachtán seo a chuir i gcló na chéad ghearrscéalta a tháinig ó pheann an scríbhneora sa bhliain 1891. Phós sé Varvara Pashchenko sa bhliain chéanna, agus chuaigh an lánúin go Poltava sa bhliain a bhí chugainn. Fuair Bunin post ansin ina státseirbhíseach. Faoin am seo a d'fhoilsigh sé an chéad díolaim [[filíocht]]a, ''Stikhotvoryeniya 1887-1891'' (&quot;Dánta 1887-1891&quot;), ach ní bhfuair an leabhar mórán fáilte ná soichill ó na léirmheastóirí go fóill, ó bhí siad den bharúil nach raibh Bunin tagtha i gcrann mar fhile go fóill.

=== 1893-1917 ===
Bhí Bunin féin inbharúla nár thosaigh a ghairmréim scríbhneoireachta i gceart ach leis an ngearrscéal úd ''Tanka'', a foilsíodh sa bhliain 1893 san iris ''Russkoye bogatstvo'' (&quot;Saibhreas na Rúise&quot;). Cor eile i gcinniúint an fhile ab ea go bhfuair sé colscaradh óna bhean chéile sa bhliain 1895. Ina dhiaidh sin, d'fhág sé slán ag an saol a bhí aige i bPoltava agus chuir sé faoi i [[Moscó]]. Fuair sé aithne ar scríbhneoirí móra na linne: [[Lev Tolstoy]], [[Anton Chekhov]], [[Fyodor Sologub]], [[Konstantin Balmont]] agus [[Valyeriy Bryusov]]. Phós sé bean darbh ainm Anna Tsakni. Gréagach a bhí in Anna, nó rinne a hathair imirce ón [[An Ghréig|nGréig]] go dtí an Rúis. Ní raibh mórán teacht aniar sa dara pósadh seo ach an oiread, nó faoi chasadh an chéid, fuair Bunin dealú ó Anna chomh maith. Rugadh aon mhac amháin dóibh, Nikolay (Kolya), ach ní raibh fad saoil i ndán don bhuachaill, nó cailleadh sa bhliain 1905 é, nuair nach raibh ann ach tachrán beag.

Ón mbliain 1895 ar aghaidh bhí Bunin ag taisteal ar fud na hÚcráine, agus é ag tabhairt cuairteanna ar Odessa agus ar an [[An Chrimé|gCrimé]]. Sa tréimhse seo, bhí sé ag scríobh litreacha chuig Anton Chekhov. Sa bhliain 1899, d'éirigh sé cairdiúil le [[Maksim Gor'kiy]] chomh maith.&lt;ref name=&quot;kirjasto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ibunin.htm |teideal=Beathaisnéis |dátarochtana=13 Feabhra 2010 |foilsitheoir=kirjasto.sci.fi |archivedate=4 Nollaig 2012 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121204165416/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ibunin.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 1900, tháinig an gearrscéal úd ''Antonovskiye yabloki'' (&quot;Na hÚlla ''Antonovka''&quot;) i gcló, agus ba é an scéal seo a tharraing súil na Rúise liteartha ar Bunin i gceart, nó is cur síos fileata é ar shaol na tuaithe sa tsean-Rúis, a cuireadh i gcló ina lán leabhar léitheoireachta Rúisise ina dhiaidh sin. Sa bhliain 1901, foilsíodh an díolaim dánta úd ''Listopad'' (&quot;Titim na nDuilleog&quot;), agus sna blianta 1902-1909, chuir an teach foilsitheoireachta úd ''Znaniye'' saothar iomlán an fhile i gcló i gcúig imleabhar. 

Bhí Bunin tar éis [[Béarla]] a fhoghlaim as a stuaim féin - is fánach duine a raibh Béarla aige sa Rúis san am, ós rud é gurbh í an [[Fraincis|Fhraincis]] a bhí á saothrú thar aon teanga iasachta eile ansin, go traidisiúnta. Sa bhliain 1896, chuir Bunin Rúisis ar ''The Song of Hiawatha'', mórshaothar an fhile Mheiriceánaigh [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]], chomh maith lena lán dánta Béarla eile. D'aistrigh sé [[George Gordon Byron|Byron]] agus [[Alfred Tennyson|Tennyson]] go Rúisis, mar shampla. Thuill a chuid filíochta - idir bhunsaothair agus aistriúcháin - Duais Pushkin dó, is é sin, duais filíochta Acadamh na Rúise. Sa bhliain 1909, bronnadh an duais air in athuair, agus rinne an tAcadamh comhalta oinigh de.

Nuair a bhí glacadh le Bunin mar dhuine de scríbhneoirí móra a linne sa Rúis, chuaigh sé ag taisteal amuigh sa domhan ar lorg imprisean. Roimh an [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|gCéad Chogadh Domhanda]], chuaigh sé ar cuairt go dtí tíortha an [[An Meánoirthear|Mheánoirthir]], [[an Éigipt]], Tuaisceart na hAfraice, [[an Phalaistín]], fiú [[an India]] agus an tSiolóin (inniu: [[Srí Lanca]]). Chaith sé tréimhsí fada ar Oileán Capri san [[An Iodáil|Iodáil]] sna blianta 1912-14, agus bhí caidreamh aige le fear eile a thíre is a cheirde, Maksim Gor'kiy. Phós sé Vera Muromtseva (1881-1961) sa bhliain 1906, agus i ndiaidh a bháis, scríobh sise saothair thábhachtacha beathaisnéise faoin scríbhneoir.

[[Íomhá:Bunin Ivan 1937.jpg|mion|clé|Bunin sa bhliain 1937]]
Nuair a tháinig sé chun aibíochta mar scríbhneoir, chum Bunin roinnt scéalta faoi théama &quot;chinniúint na Rúise&quot; agus faoin meath a tháinig ar shaol traidisiúnta na tuaithe sa Rúis, cosúil leis an ngearrscéal ''Dyeryevnya'' (&quot;An Sráidbhaile&quot;) a d'fhoilsigh sé sa bhliain 1910, nó sna scéalta sa díolaim úd ''Sukhodol''. Bhí Bunin den tuairim go raibh an tsean-Rúis ag druidim chun deiridh agus, fiú, tubaiste mhór leis an Rúis a chur de dhroim an domhain, agus mhéadaigh réabhlóid na bliana 1905 agus tús an chéad chogaidh dhomhanda ar an eagla seo.

=== Ar deoraíocht ===
I ndiaidh [[réabhlóid Dheireadh Fómhair]] sa bhliain 1917, thréig Bunin [[Moscó]]. Ar dtús chuaigh sé go hOdessa, ach bliain ina dhiaidh sin thug sé a aghaidh ar an bhFrainc. Shocraigh sé síos i nGrasse, i ndeisceart na Fraince i gcóngar do theorainn na hIodáile. Ó bhí sé ar an bhfile deireanach de ghlúin na gclasaiceach, d'fhear na heisimircigh Rúiseacha sa Fhrainc fíorchaoin fáilte roimhe. Na saothair a d'fhoilsigh sé san am, bhí siad ar coipeadh le teann fuatha don réabhlóid, don Chumannachas agus don [[APSS|Aontas Shóivéadach]], go háirithe an dialann a scríobh sé faoi laethanta na réabhlóide - ''Okayannýye dni'' - &quot;Laethanta Damanta&quot;. Is é an breithiúnas a thug sé ar an rialtas Boilséiveach nach raibh ann ach &quot;gailearaí samhnasach de bhithiúnaigh&quot;.

Sna 1930idí, scríobh Bunin dhá imleabhar den tríológ dhírbheathaisnéiseach a bhí sé a bheartú, ''Zhizn' Arsyenyeva'' (&quot;Saol Arsenyev&quot;) agus ''Lika''. Níor chríochnaigh sé an tríológ riamh, ach ní ba deireanaí fós chum sé ''Tyomnýye allyeyi'' (&quot;Na Caolsráideanna Dorcha&quot;), sraith de ghearrscéalta anghrácha. 

Bhí Bunin chomh tréan in aghaidh na [[Naitsithe]] agus an Stailíneachais, agus nuair a d'fhorghabh na Naitsithe an Fhrainc, thug Bunin dídean do scríbhneoir Giúdach beag beann ar an bpionós báis a bhí ag bagairt orthu siúd a dhéanfadh a leithéid.

=== Deireadh a shaoil ===
Ag druidim chun deiridh dá shaol, thosaigh dearcadh diúltach an scríbhneora ar an Aontas Sóivéadach ag athrú, agus é ag cur suime sa [[litríocht]] Shóivéadach. Thairis sin, bhí tnúthán an dúchais ag luí air, agus é tar éis an oiread sin blianta a chaitheamh ar an gcoigríoch. Ní raibh sé daite dó an chuairt dheireanach a thabhairt ar an Rúis, nó fuair sé bás le taom croí i b[[Páras]] nuair a bhí sé ag obair ar leabhar cuimhní cinn faoi Anton Chekhov. Tá sé adhlactha sa reilig Rúiseach i Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois i ndeisceart Pháras.

[[Íomhá:Иван Бунин.jpg|mion|clé|Uaigh Bunin. Tabhair faoi deara go bhfuil scríbhinn na huaighe litrithe de réir scríbhneoireacht réamhréabhlóideach na teanga: ''Иванъ Алексѣевичъ Бунинъ'' seachas ''Иван Алексеевич Бунин''.]]
Baineadh an chinsireacht dá chuid saothar san Aontas Sóivéadach nuair a bhí [[Nikita Khrushchev]] ag rialú na tíre.

== Saothar ==

* Антоновские яблоки (''Antonovskiye yabloki''/Na hÚlla ''Antonovka'') 1900

* Деревня (''Dyeryevnya''/An Sráidbhaile) 1910

* Суходол (''Sukhodol'') 1912

* Чаша жизни (''Chasha zhizni''/Cupán an tSaoil) 1913

* Грамматика любви (''Grammatika lyubvi''/Gramadach an Ghrá) 1915

* Господин из Сан-Франциско (''Gospodin iz San-Frantsisko''/An Fear Uasal ó San Francisco) 1922

* Митина любовь (''Mitina lyubov´''/Grá Mitya) 1925

* Жизнь Арсеньева (''Zhizn´ Arsyenyeva''/Saol Arsenyev) 1927/1939

* Темные аллеи (''Tyomnýye allyeyi''/Na Cúlsráideanna Dorcha) 1943

* О Чехове (''O Chekhovye''/Maidir le Chekhov) 1955

* Первая любовь (''Pyervaya lyubov´''/An Chead-Searc)

* Последнее свидание (''Poslyednyeye svidaniye''/An Slán go Deo)

* Окаянные дни (''Okayannýye dni''/Na Laethanta Damanta)

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [http://imwerden.de/cat/modules.php?name=books&amp;pa=last_update&amp;cid=215 Иван Бунин в библиотеке ImWerden] — факсимильные воспроизведения прижизненных изданий, голос Бунина в mp3*. Tá an gréasán seo - leabharlann idirlín Rúisise ''ImWerden'' - lonnaithe sa Ghearmáin. Tá saothair le Bunin le léamh sa bhunteanga, agus guth an scríbhneora féin le cloisteáil i bhformáid mp3.
* [http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&amp;UID=12012 Ivan Bunin in The Literary Encyclopedia]
* [http://noblit.ru/content/category/4/56/33/ Иван Бунин: биография, фотографии, произведения, статьи]. Láithreán gréasáin sa Rúis é seo atá tiomnaithe do na scríbhneoirí ar éirigh leo Duais Nobel a bhaint amach, agus cuid mhaith ábhair ansin a bhaineann le Bunin: idir scéal a bheatha, ghrianghraif, agus bloghanna as a chuid saothar. 
* [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ibunin.htm Ivan Bunin]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050828233743/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ibunin.htm |date=2005-08-28 }} - leathanach Béarla ón bhFionlainn, agus é á reáchtáil ag leabharlann [[Kouvola|Kuusankoski]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich}}
[[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Rúiseacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1870|Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1953|Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich]]</text>
      <sha1>p9qo7lhk0elpcg8gw09fr5ihey7a5nb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331938</id>
      <parentid>1331937</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:25:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1331938</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11983" sha1="0uughfo4dy5lvyicnu8r97yr3k8l5gx" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Scríbhneoir [[An Rúis|Rúiseach]] ab ea '''Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin''' ({{lang-ru|Иван Алексеевич Бунин}}, traslitriú scolártha: ''Ivan Alekseevič Bunin''). Rugadh in Voronezh é ar an [[10 Deireadh Fómhair]] [[1870]] de réir Fhéilire Iúil a bhí in úsáid sa Rúis san am, nó ar an [[22 Deireadh Fómhair]] de réir Fhéilire Ghréagóra.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/84705/Ivan-Alekseyevich-Bunin |teideal=Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin |dátarochtana=13 Feabhra 2010 |foilsitheoir=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fuair sé bás i b[[Páras]] ar an [[8 Samhain]] [[1953]]. Bhain sé amach [[Duais Nobel sa Litríocht|Duais Nobel sa litríocht]] roimh aon Rúiseach eile, sa bhliain 1933. Scríobhadh sé dánta chomh maith, ach ba é an saothar próis a thabhaigh an duais dó. Scríbhneoir réadúil a bhí ann agus é ag tabhairt cur síos ar shaol na tuaithe sa Rúis roimh [[Réabhlóid Dheireadh Fómhair]]; bhí sé go tréan in aghaidh na réabhlóide agus an [[Cumannachas|Chumannachais]]. 

== A Shaol ==
=== Óige ===
Uaisle ab ea muintir Bunin, ach ní raibh an saol ag éirí go rómhaith leo a thuilleadh nuair a tháinig Ivan óg ar an bhfód. Oifigeach airm ab ea a athair nach raibh ina fhear shaibhir ná shócúlach, agus chaith Ivan laethanta a chéad óige ar a raibh fágtha de thailte na treibhe in aice le Oryol i lár na Rúise. Sa bhliain 1881, cuireadh Ivan go scoil phoiblí i Yelets, ach níor chríochnaigh sé an cúrsa riamh: díbríodh é i Márta 1886 toisc nár fhill sé ar an scoil tar éis laethanta saoire na Nollag mar gheall ar dheacrachtaí airgeadais an teaghlaigh.&lt;ref&gt;http://bunin.niv.ru/bunin/bio/biografiya-2.htm Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, beathaisnéis (e.V. Stepanyan)&lt;/ref&gt;
Sa bhliain 1887 chuaigh an chéad dán leis i gcló ar an iris úd ''Rodina'' i g[[Cathair Pheadair]]. Dhá bhliain ina dhiaidh sin d'aistrigh seisean agus a dheartháir go dtí Khar'kov (inniu: Khar'kiv s[[an Úcráin]]), ó fuair an deartháir post ansin. 

San am seo, shaothraigh Ivan óg a chuid ag leabharlannaíocht agus ag [[iriseoireacht]] don nuachtán áitiúil in Oryol.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;/&gt; Ba é an nuachtán seo a chuir i gcló na chéad ghearrscéalta a tháinig ó pheann an scríbhneora sa bhliain 1891. Phós sé Varvara Pashchenko sa bhliain chéanna, agus chuaigh an lánúin go Poltava sa bhliain a bhí chugainn. Fuair Bunin post ansin ina státseirbhíseach. Faoin am seo a d'fhoilsigh sé an chéad díolaim [[filíocht]]a, ''Stikhotvoryeniya 1887-1891'' (&quot;Dánta 1887-1891&quot;), ach ní bhfuair an leabhar mórán fáilte ná soichill ó na léirmheastóirí go fóill, ó bhí siad den bharúil nach raibh Bunin tagtha i gcrann mar fhile go fóill.

=== 1893-1917 ===
Bhí Bunin féin inbharúla nár thosaigh a ghairmréim scríbhneoireachta i gceart ach leis an ngearrscéal úd ''Tanka'', a foilsíodh sa bhliain 1893 san iris ''Russkoye bogatstvo'' (&quot;Saibhreas na Rúise&quot;). Cor eile i gcinniúint an fhile ab ea go bhfuair sé colscaradh óna bhean chéile sa bhliain 1895. Ina dhiaidh sin, d'fhág sé slán ag an saol a bhí aige i bPoltava agus chuir sé faoi i [[Moscó]]. Fuair sé aithne ar scríbhneoirí móra na linne: [[Lev Tolstoy]], [[Anton Chekhov]], [[Fyodor Sologub]], [[Konstantin Balmont]] agus [[Valyeriy Bryusov]]. Phós sé bean darbh ainm Anna Tsakni. Gréagach a bhí in Anna, nó rinne a hathair imirce ón [[An Ghréig|nGréig]] go dtí an Rúis. Ní raibh mórán teacht aniar sa dara pósadh seo ach an oiread, nó faoi chasadh an chéid, fuair Bunin dealú ó Anna chomh maith. Rugadh aon mhac amháin dóibh, Nikolay (Kolya), ach ní raibh fad saoil i ndán don bhuachaill, nó cailleadh sa bhliain 1905 é, nuair nach raibh ann ach tachrán beag.

Ón mbliain 1895 ar aghaidh bhí Bunin ag taisteal ar fud na hÚcráine, agus é ag tabhairt cuairteanna ar Odessa agus ar an [[An Chrimé|gCrimé]]. Sa tréimhse seo, bhí sé ag scríobh litreacha chuig Anton Chekhov. Sa bhliain 1899, d'éirigh sé cairdiúil le [[Maksim Gor'kiy]] chomh maith.&lt;ref name=&quot;kirjasto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ibunin.htm |teideal=Beathaisnéis |dátarochtana=13 Feabhra 2010 |foilsitheoir=kirjasto.sci.fi |archivedate=4 Nollaig 2012 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121204165416/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ibunin.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 1900, tháinig an gearrscéal úd ''Antonovskiye yabloki'' (&quot;Na hÚlla ''Antonovka''&quot;) i gcló, agus ba é an scéal seo a tharraing súil na Rúise liteartha ar Bunin i gceart, nó is cur síos fileata é ar shaol na tuaithe sa tsean-Rúis, a cuireadh i gcló ina lán leabhar léitheoireachta Rúisise ina dhiaidh sin. Sa bhliain 1901, foilsíodh an díolaim dánta úd ''Listopad'' (&quot;Titim na nDuilleog&quot;), agus sna blianta 1902-1909, chuir an teach foilsitheoireachta úd ''Znaniye'' saothar iomlán an fhile i gcló i gcúig imleabhar. 

Bhí Bunin tar éis [[Béarla]] a fhoghlaim as a stuaim féin - is fánach duine a raibh Béarla aige sa Rúis san am, ós rud é gurbh í an [[Fraincis|Fhraincis]] a bhí á saothrú thar aon teanga iasachta eile ansin, go traidisiúnta. Sa bhliain 1896, chuir Bunin Rúisis ar ''The Song of Hiawatha'', mórshaothar an fhile Mheiriceánaigh [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]], chomh maith lena lán dánta Béarla eile. D'aistrigh sé [[George Gordon Byron|Byron]] agus [[Alfred Tennyson|Tennyson]] go Rúisis, mar shampla. Thuill a chuid filíochta - idir bhunsaothair agus aistriúcháin - Duais Pushkin dó, is é sin, duais filíochta Acadamh na Rúise. Sa bhliain 1909, bronnadh an duais air in athuair, agus rinne an tAcadamh comhalta oinigh de.

Nuair a bhí glacadh le Bunin mar dhuine de scríbhneoirí móra a linne sa Rúis, chuaigh sé ag taisteal amuigh sa domhan ar lorg imprisean. Roimh an [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|gCéad Chogadh Domhanda]], chuaigh sé ar cuairt go dtí tíortha an [[An Meánoirthear|Mheánoirthir]], [[an Éigipt]], Tuaisceart na hAfraice, [[an Phalaistín]], fiú [[an India]] agus an tSiolóin (inniu: [[Srí Lanca]]). Chaith sé tréimhsí fada ar Oileán Capri san [[An Iodáil|Iodáil]] sna blianta 1912-14, agus bhí caidreamh aige le fear eile a thíre is a cheirde, Maksim Gor'kiy. Phós sé Vera Muromtseva (1881-1961) sa bhliain 1906, agus i ndiaidh a bháis, scríobh sise saothair thábhachtacha beathaisnéise faoin scríbhneoir.

[[Íomhá:Bunin Ivan 1937.jpg|mion|clé|Bunin sa bhliain 1937]]
Nuair a tháinig sé chun aibíochta mar scríbhneoir, chum Bunin roinnt scéalta faoi théama &quot;chinniúint na Rúise&quot; agus faoin meath a tháinig ar shaol traidisiúnta na tuaithe sa Rúis, cosúil leis an ngearrscéal ''Dyeryevnya'' (&quot;An Sráidbhaile&quot;) a d'fhoilsigh sé sa bhliain 1910, nó sna scéalta sa díolaim úd ''Sukhodol''. Bhí Bunin den tuairim go raibh an tsean-Rúis ag druidim chun deiridh agus, fiú, tubaiste mhór leis an Rúis a chur de dhroim an domhain, agus mhéadaigh réabhlóid na bliana 1905 agus tús an chéad chogaidh dhomhanda ar an eagla seo.

=== Ar deoraíocht ===
I ndiaidh [[réabhlóid Dheireadh Fómhair]] sa bhliain 1917, thréig Bunin [[Moscó]]. Ar dtús chuaigh sé go hOdessa, ach bliain ina dhiaidh sin thug sé a aghaidh ar an bhFrainc. Shocraigh sé síos i nGrasse, i ndeisceart na Fraince i gcóngar do theorainn na hIodáile. Ó bhí sé ar an bhfile deireanach de ghlúin na gclasaiceach, d'fhear na heisimircigh Rúiseacha sa Fhrainc fíorchaoin fáilte roimhe. Na saothair a d'fhoilsigh sé san am, bhí siad ar coipeadh le teann fuatha don réabhlóid, don Chumannachas agus don [[APSS|Aontas Shóivéadach]], go háirithe an dialann a scríobh sé faoi laethanta na réabhlóide - ''Okayannýye dni'' - &quot;Laethanta Damanta&quot;. Is é an breithiúnas a thug sé ar an rialtas Boilséiveach nach raibh ann ach &quot;gailearaí samhnasach de bhithiúnaigh&quot;.

Sna 1930idí, scríobh Bunin dhá imleabhar den tríológ dhírbheathaisnéiseach a bhí sé a bheartú, ''Zhizn' Arsyenyeva'' (&quot;Saol Arsenyev&quot;) agus ''Lika''. Níor chríochnaigh sé an tríológ riamh, ach ní ba deireanaí fós chum sé ''Tyomnýye allyeyi'' (&quot;Na Caolsráideanna Dorcha&quot;), sraith de ghearrscéalta anghrácha. 

Bhí Bunin chomh tréan in aghaidh na [[Naitsithe]] agus an Stailíneachais, agus nuair a d'fhorghabh na Naitsithe an Fhrainc, thug Bunin dídean do scríbhneoir Giúdach beag beann ar an bpionós báis a bhí ag bagairt orthu siúd a dhéanfadh a leithéid.

=== Deireadh a shaoil ===
Ag druidim chun deiridh dá shaol, thosaigh dearcadh diúltach an scríbhneora ar an Aontas Sóivéadach ag athrú, agus é ag cur suime sa [[litríocht]] Shóivéadach. Thairis sin, bhí tnúthán an dúchais ag luí air, agus é tar éis an oiread sin blianta a chaitheamh ar an gcoigríoch. Ní raibh sé daite dó an chuairt dheireanach a thabhairt ar an Rúis, nó fuair sé bás le taom croí i b[[Páras]] nuair a bhí sé ag obair ar leabhar cuimhní cinn faoi Anton Chekhov. Tá sé adhlactha sa reilig Rúiseach i Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois i ndeisceart Pháras.

[[Íomhá:Иван Бунин.jpg|mion|clé|Uaigh Bunin. Tabhair faoi deara go bhfuil scríbhinn na huaighe litrithe de réir scríbhneoireacht réamhréabhlóideach na teanga: ''Иванъ Алексѣевичъ Бунинъ'' seachas ''Иван Алексеевич Бунин''.]]
Baineadh an chinsireacht dá chuid saothar san Aontas Sóivéadach nuair a bhí [[Nikita Khrushchev]] ag rialú na tíre.

== Saothar ==

* Антоновские яблоки (''Antonovskiye yabloki''/Na hÚlla ''Antonovka'') 1900

* Деревня (''Dyeryevnya''/An Sráidbhaile) 1910

* Суходол (''Sukhodol'') 1912

* Чаша жизни (''Chasha zhizni''/Cupán an tSaoil) 1913

* Грамматика любви (''Grammatika lyubvi''/Gramadach an Ghrá) 1915

* Господин из Сан-Франциско (''Gospodin iz San-Frantsisko''/An Fear Uasal ó San Francisco) 1922

* Митина любовь (''Mitina lyubov´''/Grá Mitya) 1925

* Жизнь Арсеньева (''Zhizn´ Arsyenyeva''/Saol Arsenyev) 1927/1939

* Темные аллеи (''Tyomnýye allyeyi''/Na Cúlsráideanna Dorcha) 1943

* О Чехове (''O Chekhovye''/Maidir le Chekhov) 1955

* Первая любовь (''Pyervaya lyubov´''/An Chead-Searc)

* Последнее свидание (''Poslyednyeye svidaniye''/An Slán go Deo)

* Окаянные дни (''Okayannýye dni''/Na Laethanta Damanta)

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [http://imwerden.de/cat/modules.php?name=books&amp;pa=last_update&amp;cid=215 Иван Бунин в библиотеке ImWerden] — факсимильные воспроизведения прижизненных изданий, голос Бунина в mp3*. Tá an gréasán seo - leabharlann idirlín Rúisise ''ImWerden'' - lonnaithe sa Ghearmáin. Tá saothair le Bunin le léamh sa bhunteanga, agus guth an scríbhneora féin le cloisteáil i bhformáid mp3.
* [http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&amp;UID=12012 Ivan Bunin in The Literary Encyclopedia]
* [http://noblit.ru/content/category/4/56/33/ Иван Бунин: биография, фотографии, произведения, статьи]. Láithreán gréasáin sa Rúis é seo atá tiomnaithe do na scríbhneoirí ar éirigh leo Duais Nobel a bhaint amach, agus cuid mhaith ábhair ansin a bhaineann le Bunin: idir scéal a bheatha, ghrianghraif, agus bloghanna as a chuid saothar. 
* [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ibunin.htm Ivan Bunin]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050828233743/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ibunin.htm |date=2005-08-28 }} - leathanach Béarla ón bhFionlainn, agus é á reáchtáil ag leabharlann [[Kouvola|Kuusankoski]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich}}
[[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Rúiseacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1870|Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1953|Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich]]</text>
      <sha1>0uughfo4dy5lvyicnu8r97yr3k8l5gx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tomás Mac Giolla</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27414</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332100</id>
      <parentid>1331539</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T09:27:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Níl a fhios çén fáth catagóir &quot;Hourigan&quot; a bhí ann.   Cealaíodh athrú [[Special:Diff/1331539|1331539]] le [[Special:Contributions/TheUltimateGenealogy|TheUltimateGenealogy]] ([[User talk:TheUltimateGenealogy|plé]])</comment>
      <origin>1332100</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3605" sha1="p9dqpc43ayzj63yxzllcyzclqh3fv7o" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Tomás Mac Giolla''' ([[25 Eanáir]] [[1924]] - [[4 Feabhra]] [[2010]]). 

== Óige ==
Rugadh Tomás Mac Giolla do theaghlach feirmeoireachta san [[An tAonach|Aonach]], i g[[Contae Thiobraid Árann]]. D'fhreastail sé ar an mbunscoil áitiúil go dtí gur aistrigh sé go Coláiste Fhlannáin in [[Inis (baile)||Inis]], [[Contae an Chláir]], áit ar chríochnaigh sé a mheánscolaíocht. Bhain sé a chéim tríú leibhéal amach sa Tráchtáil i g[[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Coláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath]].

== Saol ==
Ba iarrthóir de chuid [[Sinn Féin|Shinn Féin]] é Mac Giolla in olltoghchán [[1961]] i ndáilcheantar [[Tiobraid Árann Thuaidh (Dáilcheantar)|Thiobraid Árann Thuaidh]].

Ba uachtarán Shinn Féin é ó [[1962]] amach agus ba é ceann de na daoine a bhrúigh an páirtí i dtreo na heite chlé i rith na [[1960í]]. D'fhan Mac Giolla mar cheannaire ar Shinn Féin Oifigiúil tar éis scoilte sa pháirtí sa bhliain [[1969]]. Phós Mac Giolla ''May McLoughlin'', ball de chuid Shinn Féin agus de chuid [[Cumann na mBan|Chumann na mBan]], rannóg baineann den [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1922–1969)|IRA]].

Athainmíodh an páirtí go &quot;Sinn Féin Páirtí na nOibrithe&quot; sa bhliain [[1977]] agus arís go &quot;[[Páirtí na nOibrithe]]&quot; sa bhliain [[1982]]. Toghadh Mac Giolla mar [[Teachta Dála|Theachta Dála]] in olltoghchán Samhna 1982. D'éirigh sé as mar cheannaire an pháirtí sa bhliain [[1988]] agus tháinig [[Proinsias De Rossa]] i gcomharbacht air.

Ba é Mac Giolla an t-aon TD a bhí fágtha ag an bpáirtí tar éis bunaithe an [[Daonlathas Clé|Daonlathais Chlé]] sa bhliain [[1992]]. Chuaigh seisear Teachtaí Dála eile isteach sa pháirtí nua. Chaill MacGiolla a shuíochán níos déanaí sa bhliain chéanna nuair a fuair [[Liam Lawlor]] an cheann is fearr air le farasbarr 59 vóta.

Toghadh Mac Giolla go Bárdas Bhaile Átha Cliath i dtoghlach [[Baile Formaid|Bhaile Formaid]] sa bhliain [[1979]] agus atoghadh é dhá uaire ([[1985]] agus [[1991]]). Ba Ardmhéara na cathrach é ó [[1993]] go [[1994]]. 

Bhí sé fós gníomhach agus é amach sna hochtóidí agus bhí sé páirteach sa ghrúpa a bhí ag iarraidh Uimhir 16 Sráid an Mhóraigh, áit i lár na cathrach a géilleadh an [[Pádraig Mac Piarais|Piarsach]], a shábháil. Ba bhall é de choiste ''Dublin 98'' freisin, coiste chun Éirí Amach 1798 a chomóradh.

== Bás ==
Fuair sé bás in Ospidéal Beaumont i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]] ar 4 Feabhra 2010 tar éis dó a bheith tinn go dona le fada an lá.

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [http://www.electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=2724 Stair thoghchánaíochta Thomáis Mhic Giolla] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221232822/http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?id=2724 |date=2011-02-21 }}

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Baile Átha Cliath Theas-Lár (Dáilcheantar)|Baile Átha Cliath Thiar (Dáilcheantar)]]
* [[:Catagóir:Baile Átha Cliath Thiar|Polaiteoirí i mBaile Átha Cliath Thiar]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Baile Átha Cliath Thiar]]


{{Teachtaí Dála an 24ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 25ú Dáil}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Giolla, Tomas Mac}}
[[Catagóir:Ardmhéaraí Bhaile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Ceannairí Shinn Féin]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 24ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 25ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 26ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1924]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2010]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Thiobraid Árann]]</text>
      <sha1>p9dqpc43ayzj63yxzllcyzclqh3fv7o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>An Mód Náisiúnta Ríoga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27527</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332022</id>
      <parentid>1325737</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:07:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Suíomhanna */</comment>
      <origin>1332022</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3199" sha1="f93klwedrop37dmnoi67z6u86aekeqz" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

Is é '''an Mód Náisiúnta Ríoga''' nó '''Mòd na hAlban''' ([[Gaeilge na hAlban]]: ''Am Mòd Nàiseanta Rìoghail'') an phríomhócáid chultúrtha i saol Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is í an fhéile chultúrtha seo inchurtha le h[[Oireachtas na Gaeilge]] in [[Éire|Éirinn]] agus leis an [[Eisteddfod]] Genedlaethol sa m[[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breatain Bheag]].  

Chuir [[an Comunn Gàidhealach]] (Cumann Gaelach) an Mòd ar bun sa mbliain [[1892]] agus bíonn an Mòd ar siúl go rialta uair amháin in aghaidh na bliana sa bh[[fómhar]]. 

== Stair ==
Bunaíodh an Mòd in 1892 agus aistrítear go ceantar eile é gach bliain. Bhronn an Bhanríon Eilís II an teideal ''Rìoghail'' air in 1992, mar aitheantas ar an gceangal idir teaghlach ríoga na Breataine agus [[An Comunn Gàidhealach]], lucht eagraithe na féile.

Le linn do Rí [[Séarlas III]] freastal ar an Mhòd in 2010, chosain sé comharthaí bóthair dátheangacha agus chríochnaigh a óráid leis an mana “Suas leis a’ Ghàidhlig!”''.''

== Eagraíocht ==
Bíonn a lán comórtas ar siúl ag an Mòd agus duaiseanna le haghaidh na mbuaiteoirí, mar shampla comórtais bhéalaithrise, sean-nós, amhráin Ghaeilge na hAlban, cóir Ghaeilge na hAlban, [[ceol traidisiúnta na hÉireann|ceol traidisiúnta]], comórtais ionstraime – [[Fidil|an fhidil]], [[píb mhála|an phíb mhór]] agus an [[cláirseach|chláirseach]] ina measc. Bíonn comórtais i [[litríocht]], léamh [[filíocht]]a nó an [[An Bíobla|Bhíobla]] ann agus ealaíona eile freisin. Ar ndóigh, bíonn [[céilí|céilithe]] ar siúl chuile oíche.

Bíonn [[camanachd]] (iománaíocht na hAlban) agus peil ag an Mòd chomh maith agus clár spéisiúil le haghaidh Imeall an Mhòid, le [[ceol]], ceardlanna agus óráidí. Tarraingíonn na comórtais go leor daoine chun an Mhòid gach bliain agus is minic a bhíodh slua maith ann, go háirithe ag comórtais na clainne.

Anois, de bhrí go bhfuil cainéal teilifíse i nGaeilge na hAlban, bíonn an Mòd le feiceáil ar [[BBC Alba]]. Craolann Radio nan Gàidheal na buaicphointí chomh maith.

Bíonn an Mòd ann chuile bhliain i Mí [[Deireadh Fómhair|Dheireadh Fómhair]] in áiteanna éagsúla ar fud na h[[Albain|Alban]]. D’fhreastail breis agus 11,000 duine ar an Mhòd in 2026 i nGlaschú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/11/breis-agus-11000-duine-ag-mod-na-halban-i-nglaschu/|teideal=Breis agus 11,000 duine ag Mòd na hAlban i nGlaschú|údar=Dubhaltach Mac Conmidhe|dáta=2026-11-06|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.the-mod.co.uk/gaelic/ Am Mòd] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015085301/http://www.the-mod.co.uk/gaelic/ |date=2008-10-15 }} (Gàidhlig)

== Féach freisin ==

* [[An Comunn Gàidhealach]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Mod Naisiunta Rioga, An}}
[[Catagóir:Cultúr na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Féilte]]
[[Catagóir:Féilte Ghaeilge na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Ceol Ghaeilge na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Féilte ealaíon]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 1892]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 1890í]]</text>
      <sha1>f93klwedrop37dmnoi67z6u86aekeqz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332023</id>
      <parentid>1332022</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:14:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332023</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3433" sha1="c2hez6i71y69h58gmd424sr3zycqjaa" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

Is é '''an Mód Náisiúnta Ríoga''' nó '''Mòd na hAlban''' ([[Gaeilge na hAlban]]: ''Am Mòd Nàiseanta Rìoghail'') an phríomhócáid chultúrtha i saol Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is í an fhéile chultúrtha seo inchurtha le h[[Oireachtas na Gaeilge]] in [[Éire|Éirinn]] agus leis an [[Eisteddfod]] Genedlaethol sa m[[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breatain Bheag]].  

Chuir [[an Comunn Gàidhealach]] (Cumann Gaelach) an Mòd ar bun sa mbliain [[1892]] agus bíonn an Mòd ar siúl go rialta uair amháin in aghaidh na bliana sa bh[[fómhar]]. 

[[Íomhá:HRH The Princess Royal visits Paisley. (10297695584).jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|An Mód in 2013, [[Pàislig|Paisley]]]]
[[Íomhá:Gathan air an Iomall 1.JPG|clé|mion|220x220px|An Mód in 2008: ''Na Gathan'' in Falkirk]]

== Stair ==
Bunaíodh an Mòd in 1892 agus aistrítear go ceantar eile é gach bliain. Bhronn an Bhanríon Eilís II an teideal ''Rìoghail'' air in 1992, mar aitheantas ar an gceangal idir teaghlach ríoga na Breataine agus [[An Comunn Gàidhealach]], lucht eagraithe na féile.

Le linn do Rí [[Séarlas III]] freastal ar an Mhòd in 2010, chosain sé comharthaí bóthair dátheangacha agus chríochnaigh a óráid leis an mana “Suas leis a’ Ghàidhlig!”''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;''

== Eagraíocht ==
Bíonn a lán comórtas ar siúl ag an Mòd agus duaiseanna le haghaidh na mbuaiteoirí, mar shampla comórtais bhéalaithrise, sean-nós, amhráin Ghaeilge na hAlban, cóir Ghaeilge na hAlban, [[ceol traidisiúnta na hÉireann|ceol traidisiúnta]], comórtais ionstraime – [[Fidil|an fhidil]], [[píb mhála|an phíb mhór]] agus an [[cláirseach|chláirseach]] ina measc. Bíonn comórtais i [[litríocht]], léamh [[filíocht]]a nó an [[An Bíobla|Bhíobla]] ann agus ealaíona eile freisin. Ar ndóigh, bíonn [[céilí|céilithe]] ar siúl chuile oíche.

Bíonn [[camanachd]] (iománaíocht na hAlban) agus peil ag an Mòd chomh maith agus clár spéisiúil le haghaidh Imeall an Mhòid, le [[ceol]], ceardlanna agus óráidí. Tarraingíonn na comórtais go leor daoine chun an Mhòid gach bliain agus is minic a bhíodh slua maith ann, go háirithe ag comórtais na clainne.

Anois, de bhrí go bhfuil cainéal teilifíse i nGaeilge na hAlban, bíonn an Mòd le feiceáil ar [[BBC Alba]]. Craolann Radio nan Gàidheal na buaicphointí chomh maith.

Bíonn an Mòd ann chuile bhliain i Mí [[Deireadh Fómhair|Dheireadh Fómhair]] in áiteanna éagsúla ar fud na h[[Albain|Alban]]. D’fhreastail breis agus 11,000 duine ar an Mhòd in 2026 i nGlaschú.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/11/breis-agus-11000-duine-ag-mod-na-halban-i-nglaschu/|teideal=Breis agus 11,000 duine ag Mòd na hAlban i nGlaschú|údar=Dubhaltach Mac Conmidhe|dáta=2026-11-06|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.the-mod.co.uk/gaelic/ Am Mòd] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015085301/http://www.the-mod.co.uk/gaelic/ |date=2008-10-15 }} (Gàidhlig)

== Féach freisin ==

* [[An Comunn Gàidhealach]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Mod Naisiunta Rioga, An}}
[[Catagóir:Cultúr na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Féilte Ghaeilge na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Ceol Ghaeilge na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Féilte ealaíon]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 1892]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 1890í]]</text>
      <sha1>c2hez6i71y69h58gmd424sr3zycqjaa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Breandán Delap</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>30686</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332046</id>
      <parentid>1299393</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:57:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Mionathruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332046</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1662" sha1="joo51aqou1kpdecb5i4q2xyjz8zajr9" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

[[Iriseoir]], léirmheastóir agus [[údar]] é '''Breandán Delap'''. Saolaíodh i n[[Gaoth Dobhair]] é sa bhliain 1965. 

== Gairm ==
Bhain sé céim san Oideachas amach ó Choláiste Naomh Muire na Trócaire, Dún Carúin, agus Máistreacht sa Ghaeilge ó [[Ollscoil Mhá Nuad|Ollscoil Náisiúnta na hÉireann, Má Nuad]]. Bhí Delap ina chéad eagarthóir ar nuachtán [[Gaeilge]], ''[[Foinse]]'', ó 1996 go 2003. 

Fuair sé post mar Chlár-Eagarthóir le [[Nuacht TG4]] ina dhiaidh sin. 

Bronnadh Gradam ‘Iriseoir na Bliana’ air faoi bhrat duaiseanna náisiúnta iriseoireachta an [[Bord Soláthair an Leictreachais|BSL]] sa bhliain 2003 de bharr iniúchadh a rinne sé ar ionsaithe gnéis i gcoláistí samhraidh thar tréimhse 40 bliain. 

Sa bhliain 2000 bronnadh Gradam [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] air don chlár faisnéise ''Mad Dog Col'' agus bhuaigh sé an phríomhdhuais don iriseoireacht chlóite in [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|Oireachtas]] na bliana 1998. Tá sé ina léirmheastóir drámaíochta fosta ag ''[[The Irish Times]]'' in iarthar na hÉireann. 

Tá Delap ina chónaí sa [[An Spidéal|Spidéal]].

== Féach freisin ==

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Delap, Breandan}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1965]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Gaoth Dobhair]]
[[Catagóir:Iriseoirí The Irish Times]]
[[Catagóir:Iar-eagarthóirí ar iar-nuachtáin Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Eagarthóirí ar nuachtáin Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Údair Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Mhá Nuad]]</text>
      <sha1>joo51aqou1kpdecb5i4q2xyjz8zajr9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Rubberbandits</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>31232</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332053</id>
      <parentid>1310368</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:02:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mionathruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332053</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7441" sha1="6rboi5bli97grctt2ylf4m4v4pomq1y" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Grúpa [[hip hap]] is ea '''The Rubberbandits''' ([[Gaeilge]]: ''Na Ropairí Rubair''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/gniomhaiochas/teanga/na-rubberbandits-an-ghaeilge/|teideal=Na Rubberbandits &amp; an Ghaeilge|údar=[[Eoin P. Ó Murchú]]|dáta=2017-08-22|dátarochtana=2023-04-25|archivedate=2023-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205162728/https://nos.ie/gniomhaiochas/teanga/na-rubberbandits-an-ghaeilge/}}&lt;/ref&gt;) as [[Luimneach|Cathair Luimnigh]] in [[Poblacht na hÉireann|Éirinn]], agus is iad [[Blindboy Boatclub]] (fíorainm Dave Chambers) agus Mr. Chrome (fíorainm Bob McGlynn) is mó a bhí chun tosaigh ann. Cuireann siad málaí siopadóireachta plaisteacha orthu chun a aithne a cheilt ar stáitse. Bhíodh DJ Willie O'Dea J in éineacht leo ar stáitse go minic, ina thost agus masc air, scigléiriú ar an bpolaiteoir Luimníoch, [[Willie O'Dea]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ilovelimerick.ie/the-rubberbandits/|teideal=The Rubberbandits – Limericks most loved|dáta=2016-02-02|language=en-US|work=I Love Limerick|dátarochtana=2021-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Roinnt fear a léirigh DJ Willie O'Dea J, an DJ raidió Paul Webb ina measc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/music/jokers-unmasked-as-middle-class-lads-26607316.html|teideal=Jokers unmasked as middle-class lads|language=en|work=independent|dátarochtana=2021-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí gnéithe éagsúla den ealaíon fhísiúil agus den ealaíon choincheapúil i gceist, agus tugadh ''Gas Cuntism'' ar an ghluaiseacht.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dailyedge.ie/blindboy-the-rubberbandits-late-late-3090284-Nov2016/|teideal=Blindboy from The Rubberbandits introduced the concept of gas c*ntism to the Late Late|work=www.dailyedge.ie|dátarochtana=2021-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ar feadh na mblianta, bhí Na Ropairí ar stáitse ag an [[An Phicnic Leictreach|bPicnic Leictreach]] agus Féile Ghrinn Idirnáisiúnta Bulmers. Bhí siad ina mbanna tacaíochta ag ''Alabama Three'', ''Super Extra Bonus Party,'' agus [[Ice Cube]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.advertiser.ie/galway/article/31516/get-sprung-out-with-the-rubberbandits|teideal=Get sprung out with The Rubberbandits|údar=Kevin McGuire|work=Galway Advertiser|dátarochtana=2021-06-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

D'eisigh Na Ropairí an t-amhrán ''Horse Outside'' ar an [[8 Nollaig]] [[2010]]. Bhí breis is milliún radharc [[YouTube]] bainte amach acu taobh istigh de sheachtain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2010/1216/1224285643246.html |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2010-12-16 |archivedate=2011-01-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115045929/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2010/1216/1224285643246.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 2011, bronnadh ''Best Irish Act'' de chuid ''Entertainment.ie'' orthu, agus bronnadh duais [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] ar ''Horse Outside''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Rubberbandits win RTÉ Guide IFTA Award|url=https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2011/0213/427398-iftas1/|date=2011-02-13|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/argus/entertainment/rubberbandits-set-for-spirit-store-30938685.html|teideal=Rubberbandits set for Spirit Store|language=en|work=independent|dátarochtana=2021-06-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí an-tóir freisin ar ''Ba Mhaith Liom Bruíon le d'Athair'' sa bhliain [[2011]] ar leagan Gaeilge é d'amhrán a chuir siad amach roimhe sin é.

In Aibreán 2014, chum agus chan siad ceol aitheantais do shraith idirlín [[Russell Brand]] ''The Trews''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/theatre-arts/the-rubberbandits-at-the-peacock-dublin-review-many-members-of-the-audience-are-quite-literally-in-pain-from-laughing-31099138.html|teideal=The Rubberbandits at The Peacock, Dublin review - 'many members of the audience are quite literally in pain from laughing'|language=en|work=independent|dátarochtana=2021-06-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scríobh siad sceitsí grinn ar an tsraith ghrinn [[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]] ''Republic of Telly,'' an físeán ''Horse Outside'' san áireamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/2.681/how-rubberbandits-sprang-from-cult-to-global-hit-1.687578|teideal=How Rubberbandits sprang from cult to global hit|údar=Sinead Gleeson|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2021-06-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011, chruthaigh siad sraith idirlín do MTV.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.irishcentral.com/culture/entertainment/irish-comic-duo-the-rubberbandits-en-route-to-new-york-city-video-125625923-237399901.html|teideal=MTV snap up Irish comic duo the Rubberbandits for new show ViEO|dáta=2011-07-15|language=en|work=IrishCentral.com|dátarochtana=2021-06-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Scríobh agus rinne siad tráchtaireacht ar an tsraith theilifíse ''The Impossible Gameshow,'' seó cluichí a bhí ar siúl ar ITV ó 2015 go 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Almost Impossible Gameshow (TV Series 2015– ) - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt5757090/}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2016, chruthaigh siad sraith fhaisnéise aoir, ''The Rubberbandits' Guide to Everything'', ar RTÉ. 

In 2017, úsáideadh an t-amhrán ''Dad's Best Friend'' ar fhuaimrian an scannáin ''Trainspotting: T2''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.joe.ie/movies-tv/official-rubberbandits-will-actually-make-appearance-trainspotting-2-573324|teideal=OFFICIAL: The Rubberbandits will make an appearance in Trainspotting 2|language=en|work=JOE.ie|dátarochtana=2021-06-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; An bhliain chéanna, chuir siad amach ''Sonny,'' amhrán faoi mheabhairshláinte agus féinmharú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dailyedge.ie/rubberbandits-sonny-3592138-Sep2017/|teideal=The Rubberbandits are winning praise for their powerful new song about suicide|work=www.dailyedge.ie|dátarochtana=2021-06-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2020, chuir siad amach na hamhráin ''Bertie Ahern'' agus ''Waiting''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/home/572814/limerick-s-blindboy-pure-happy-with-nomination-for-prestigious-tv-award.html|teideal=Limerick's Blindboy ‘pure happy’ with nomination for prestigious TV award|work=www.limerickleader.ie|dátarochtana=2021-06-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dioscliosta ==

=== Albaim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Bliain
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Albam
! colspan=&quot;1&quot; |áit is airde sna cairteacha 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tairseach dhíolachán
|-
!Éire
|-
|2011
|''Serious About Men''
|16
|
|}

=== Singil ===
[[Íomhá:HorseOutsideEP.jpg|thumb|''Horse Outside'']]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Bliain
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Singil
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |áit is airde sna cairteacha
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Albam
|-
!&lt;small&gt;Éire&lt;/small&gt;
!an R.A.
|-
|2010
|&quot;Horse Outside&quot;
|2
|160
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |''Serious About Men''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2011
|&quot;I Wanna Fight Your Father&quot;
|6
|—
|-
|&quot;Spastic Hawk&quot;
|—
|—
|-
|&quot;Black Man&quot;
|—
|—
|}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* http://soundcloud.com/rnl/rubberbandits Agallamh le Mr. Chrome ar [[Raidió na Life]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rubberbandits, The}}
[[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Fuirseoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Fuirseoirí le Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Rapálaithe Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Grúpaí ceoil bunaithe sa bhliain 2000]]
[[Catagóir:Gearrliostaí Ghradam NÓS sa rannóg Amhrán na Bliana]]
[[Catagóir:Sceitsí grinn]]

{{síolta ceol}}</text>
      <sha1>6rboi5bli97grctt2ylf4m4v4pomq1y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>BBC Raidió Uladh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33682</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331981</id>
      <parentid>1318013</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:59:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Catagóirí curtha leis agus beagán eile</comment>
      <origin>1331981</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1734" sha1="qs2vn20uf10fsyryarbjzi9rx6ahqj7" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}

Stáisiún [[raidió]] is ea '''BBC Raidió Uladh''', atá bunaithe i m[[Béal Feirste]], Contae Aontroma agus is cuid de [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]] é. Is é an stáisiúin is mó a bhfuil gnaoi an phobail air i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] agus áirítear nuacht, caint, gnéchláir, ceol agus spórt i measc raon a gcuid clár. Craoltar feasacháin nuachta de ghnáth ar seacht lá na seachtaine ó 07:00 uair an chloig go dtí meán oíche, ach ní bhíonn siad ach i m[[Béarla]] amháin.

Is mar thoradh ar &quot;feachtais láidre dhíograiseacha&quot; a ritheadh ar feadh na mblianta a tharla [[BBC Gaeilge#Stair|roinnt Gaeilge]] a bheith le cloisteáil ar Raidió Uladh i dtús na n-ochtóidí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Údar imní é an slad ar Aonad Gaeilge an BBC|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-imni-e-an-slad-ar-aonad-gaeilge-an-bbc/|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dáta=2026-10-21|dátarochtana=2026-11-05|údar=[[Póilín Ní Chiaráin]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[BBC Gaeilge]]
* [[BBC Raidió Feabhail]]
* [[Raidió Fáilte]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radioulster/ BBC Raidió Uladh]
* [[Blas (BBC)|''Blas'']]: [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007cpvp BBC - Cláir - ''Blas'']
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/schools/4_11/attic/ailear/ BBC - Cláir - ''An tÁiléar Draíochta'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130914053555/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/schools/subject/4_11/Irish BBC - Scoileanna - Acmhainní]

[[Catagóir:BBC]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin raidió i dTuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Béal Feirste]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 1975]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 1970í]]</text>
      <sha1>qs2vn20uf10fsyryarbjzi9rx6ahqj7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Síomón Ó hEarchaí</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35220</id>
    <redirect title="Simon Harris" />
    <revision>
      <id>1332084</id>
      <parentid>1331098</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:34:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ag athdhíriú go [[Simon Harris]]</comment>
      <origin>1332084</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" sha1="sitiqrpbyplcoefcq3un0167ppx6yxc" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Simon Harris]]</text>
      <sha1>sitiqrpbyplcoefcq3un0167ppx6yxc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brian Stanley</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35275</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332087</id>
      <parentid>1330742</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:43:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cealaíodh athrú [[Special:Diff/1330741|1330741]] le [[Special:Contributions/LametinoWiki|LametinoWiki]] ([[User talk:LametinoWiki|plé]])</comment>
      <origin>1332087</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2761" sha1="bl5opzaf0qw218s815la384x9u1hd0p" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is [[Teachta Dála]] do [[Laois (Dáilcheantar)|Laois]] (nó Laois-Uíbh Fhailí) é '''Brian Stanley''' ({{lang-ga|Brian de Stainléigh}}) (a rugadh ar an 12 Eanáir [[1961]]). Bhí sé ina bhall de [[Sinn Féin]] go dtí 2024. 

Bhí Brian Stanley ina Theachta Dála ar son Shinn Féin i ndáilcheantar Laoise/Laois-Uíbh Fhailí ó 2011 go dtí 2024. Bhí sé ina chathaoirleach ar an gCoiste um Chuntais Phoiblí idir 2020-2024.

Ceapadh é ina chathaoirleach ar Choiste na gCuntas Poiblí, cúram a láimhseáil sé go stuama dar le roinnt, nuair a bhí an fiosrúchán ar bun faoi chúrsaí airgeadais in RTÉ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/stanley-faoi-bhru-i-laois-muintir-cowen-imithe-in-uibh-fhaili-agus-boxer-ar-ais-sa-iarmhi/|teideal=Stanley faoi bhrú i Laois, muintir Cowen imithe in Uíbh Fhailí agus Boxer ar ais san Iarmhí|údar=Donncha Ó hÉallaithe|dáta=18 Samhain 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-11-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sheas Stanley mar neamhspleách in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2024|Olltogchán 2024]].
[[Íomhá:Brian Stanley TD.jpg|clé|mion|2018]]

== Conspóid ==
D’éirigh Brian Stanley as Sinn Féin ar an 12 Deireadh Fómhair 2024, rud a a tharraing conspóid ollmhór. Cuireadh “mí-iompar tromchúiseach” i leith Stanley, dar le [[Mary Lou McDonald]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Líomhain in aghaidh Stanley fiosraithe mar ba cheart' – McDonald|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2024/1014/1475302-liomhain-in-aghaidh-stanley-fiosraithe-mar-ba-cheart-mcdonald/|date=2024-10-14|language=ga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ach bhí sé ráite ag Stanley gur gheall le sórt “cúirt bhradach” a bhí i bhfiosrúchán Shinn Féin. Dúirt sé gur cuireadh an gearán ina aghaidh go Sinn Féin ar an 26 Iúil, an lá céanna ar cuireadh tús leis an bpróiseas ainmniúcháin do bhaill ar mhian leo seasamh san olltoghchán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ba-choir-do-shinn-fein-gearan-a-rinne-se-a-chur-faoi-bhraid-an-gharda-siochana-an-mhi-seo-caite-a-deir-stanley/|teideal=Ba chóir do Shinn Féin gearán a rinne sé a chur faoi bhráid an Gharda Síochána an mhí seo caite, a deir Stanley|dáta=2024-10-14|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Laois (Dáilcheantar)]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

{{Teachtaí Dála an 31ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stanley, Brian}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1961]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 31ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 32ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 33ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Laoise]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Laois (Dáilcheantar)]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 34ú Dáil]]</text>
      <sha1>bl5opzaf0qw218s815la384x9u1hd0p</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332088</id>
      <parentid>1332087</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:43:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>TGcoa moved page [[Brian de Stainléigh]] to [[Brian Stanley]] over redirect</comment>
      <origin>1332087</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2761" sha1="bl5opzaf0qw218s815la384x9u1hd0p" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is [[Teachta Dála]] do [[Laois (Dáilcheantar)|Laois]] (nó Laois-Uíbh Fhailí) é '''Brian Stanley''' ({{lang-ga|Brian de Stainléigh}}) (a rugadh ar an 12 Eanáir [[1961]]). Bhí sé ina bhall de [[Sinn Féin]] go dtí 2024. 

Bhí Brian Stanley ina Theachta Dála ar son Shinn Féin i ndáilcheantar Laoise/Laois-Uíbh Fhailí ó 2011 go dtí 2024. Bhí sé ina chathaoirleach ar an gCoiste um Chuntais Phoiblí idir 2020-2024.

Ceapadh é ina chathaoirleach ar Choiste na gCuntas Poiblí, cúram a láimhseáil sé go stuama dar le roinnt, nuair a bhí an fiosrúchán ar bun faoi chúrsaí airgeadais in RTÉ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/stanley-faoi-bhru-i-laois-muintir-cowen-imithe-in-uibh-fhaili-agus-boxer-ar-ais-sa-iarmhi/|teideal=Stanley faoi bhrú i Laois, muintir Cowen imithe in Uíbh Fhailí agus Boxer ar ais san Iarmhí|údar=Donncha Ó hÉallaithe|dáta=18 Samhain 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-11-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sheas Stanley mar neamhspleách in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2024|Olltogchán 2024]].
[[Íomhá:Brian Stanley TD.jpg|clé|mion|2018]]

== Conspóid ==
D’éirigh Brian Stanley as Sinn Féin ar an 12 Deireadh Fómhair 2024, rud a a tharraing conspóid ollmhór. Cuireadh “mí-iompar tromchúiseach” i leith Stanley, dar le [[Mary Lou McDonald]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title='Líomhain in aghaidh Stanley fiosraithe mar ba cheart' – McDonald|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2024/1014/1475302-liomhain-in-aghaidh-stanley-fiosraithe-mar-ba-cheart-mcdonald/|date=2024-10-14|language=ga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ach bhí sé ráite ag Stanley gur gheall le sórt “cúirt bhradach” a bhí i bhfiosrúchán Shinn Féin. Dúirt sé gur cuireadh an gearán ina aghaidh go Sinn Féin ar an 26 Iúil, an lá céanna ar cuireadh tús leis an bpróiseas ainmniúcháin do bhaill ar mhian leo seasamh san olltoghchán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ba-choir-do-shinn-fein-gearan-a-rinne-se-a-chur-faoi-bhraid-an-gharda-siochana-an-mhi-seo-caite-a-deir-stanley/|teideal=Ba chóir do Shinn Féin gearán a rinne sé a chur faoi bhráid an Gharda Síochána an mhí seo caite, a deir Stanley|dáta=2024-10-14|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Laois (Dáilcheantar)]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

{{Teachtaí Dála an 31ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stanley, Brian}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1961]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 31ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 32ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 33ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Laoise]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Laois (Dáilcheantar)]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 34ú Dáil]]</text>
      <sha1>bl5opzaf0qw218s815la384x9u1hd0p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Coláiste Charraig an Tobair</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43910</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332105</id>
      <parentid>1331296</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T10:30:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332105</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1934" sha1="j5art4z6vtovl8bqo7uf0siw68za7z1" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}Is [[meánscoil]] suite i g[[Contae Thiobraid Árann]] í '''Coláiste Charraig an Tobair'''.

[[Íomhá:Boys (6895426164).jpg|mion|1936: H.M.S. Pinafore (Gilbert &amp; Sullivan)|clé|220x220px]]
== Stair ==
Bunaíodh Coláiste Charraig an Tobair sna 1860idí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=GROUNDBREAKING REVELATIONS RESHAPE ROCKWELL COLLEGE'S 2014 HISTORY NARRATIVE|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/203442573@N07/54759981130/|date=2025-07-01|author=Rockwell College}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://rockwellcollege.ie/college-history-ethos/|teideal=History &amp; Ethos, Tipperary,|work=rockwellcollege.ie|dátarochtana=2025-09-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Merchant's Return to Rockwell College: James O'Donnell and the Architecture of Transatlantic Irish Philanthropy|url=https://www.academia.edu/130399979/The_Merchants_Return_to_Rockwell_College_James_ODonnell_and_the_Architecture_of_Transatlantic_Irish_Philanthropy|journal=The Ultimate Genealogy|date=2025-01-01|doi=10.5281/ZENODO.15834442|author=Yann Blake}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1392&amp;context=spiritan-tc|teideal=Rockwell Reminiscences|údar=Finbarr Gallagher|dáta=8-2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://landedestates.ie/estate/3268|teideal=Roe (Rockwell) {{!}} Landed Estates {{!}} University of Galway|work=landedestates.ie|dátarochtana=2025-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621051011/https://landedestates.ie/estate/3268|archivedate=2025-06-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iarscoláirí ==

* An Dochtúir [[Pádraig Ó hIrighile]],  iar-[[Uachtarán na hÉireann|Uachtarán ar Phoblacht na hÉireann]] 

== Féach freisin ==

* An daonchara [[James O'Donnell]]

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{síol-ie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Colaiste Charraig an Tobair}}
[[Catagóir:Contae Thiobraid Árann]]
[[Catagóir:Meánscoileanna in Éirinn]]</text>
      <sha1>j5art4z6vtovl8bqo7uf0siw68za7z1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Blas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>45254</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332039</id>
      <parentid>1279267</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:50:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Mionathruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332039</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="314" sha1="ivs2xre0nlcl70ti0c2unsih5q9p4np" xml:space="preserve">{{idirdhealú}}

* [[Blas (céadfa)]] (féach áfach [[Blastán]], [[Blaslóga]])
* [[Blas (teangeolaíocht)]] (féach áfach [[Canúint]], [[Teoirlíne]])
* [[Blas (BBC)|''Blas'']] (clár raidió agus podchraoladh)
* [[Blas (feis)|Blas]] (féile Gaelach in Albain)
* [[Blas (fisic)|Blas]] ([[fisic cáithníní]])</text>
      <sha1>ivs2xre0nlcl70ti0c2unsih5q9p4np</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cniotáil</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>46162</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332024</id>
      <parentid>1148790</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:24:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332024</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1044" sha1="l50vhjpno3m8ntu4zdk97equwvo8ckj" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Knitting_plaited_stitches_fabric.png|deas|250px|thumb|Cniotáil]]
Seancheird ina ndéantar fabraic trí lúba [[snáithe]] a nascadh le snáthaidí i lámha an chniotálaí. Tá an-chuid greamanna cniotála ann, agus táirgtear fabraic le tréithe éagsúla casta. Cheap William Lee (c 1550-c 1610) an chéad [[Meaisín|mheaisín]] cniotála i [[Sasana]], agus déantar an chuid is mó de na hearraí cniotáilte le meaisíní anois, bíodh is nach féidir leo patrúin chomh casta leis an obair láimhe a dhéanamh. Is féidir uigí i bhfoirm feadáin a dhéanamh trí chniotáil chiorclach le haghaidh stocaí, fo-éadaí is éadaí spóirt.&lt;ref name=&quot;FreamhanEolais&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Cniotáil|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Lásadóireacht]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Fréamh an Eolais}}
{{síol}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Snáthaid}}
[[Catagóir:Éadaí]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]</text>
      <sha1>l50vhjpno3m8ntu4zdk97equwvo8ckj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gluaiseacht na nEalaíon agus na Ceardaíochta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>48795</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332068</id>
      <parentid>1150518</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:08:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332068</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1200" sha1="7obg2lbwfd0q0m6rfrhi44g8im5wkhv" xml:space="preserve">Gluaiseacht Shasanach, den chuid is mó, san [[ailtireacht]], an ealaín agus na healaíona feidhmitheacha sa dara cuid den [[19ú haois|19ú céad]]. Mhol sí úsáid lámhcheirdeanna agus maisiú simplí mar mhalairt ar thionsclaíocht is eicléicteachas sna healaíona. Bunaithe ar obair [[William Morris]], agus is sampla maith den stíl an Teach Dearg dá chuid (1859, deartha ag Philip Webb). Bhí scríbhinní Pugin is John Ruskin tábhachtach sa ghluaiseacht. Ba í a haidhm ghinearálta ná cuma na hailtireachta is na healaíne agus a modhanna táirgthe a athrú ó bhun. Bhí tionchar fadtréimhseach ag an ngluaiseacht ar ailtireacht sa [[An Bhreatain|Bhreatain]], [[an Ghearmáin]] is na [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Stáit Aontaithe]], agus toradh suntasach uirthi ab ea gluaiseacht pleanála na gcathracha gairdíneacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;FreamhanEolais&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Gluaiseacht na nEalaíon agus na Ceardaíochta|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=323}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Fréamh an Eolais}}
{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Na hEalaíona]]</text>
      <sha1>7obg2lbwfd0q0m6rfrhi44g8im5wkhv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>BBC Scotland</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>53039</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331997</id>
      <parentid>1070960</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:06:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Catagóirí curtha leis agus beagán eile</comment>
      <origin>1331997</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1980" sha1="7k3asj3awxii10u7xt1e8suj6cfqvyb" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta|logo=BBC Scotland 2021 (division).svg}}

Craoltóir náisiúnta na h[[Alba]]n is ea '''BBC Scotland'''. Tá sé suite i n[[Glaschú]] agus craolann sé i m[[Béarla]], cosúil le [[BBC Alba]] a chraolann i n[[Gaeilge na hAlban]].

== Teilifís ==

Tá dhá chainéal ann faoi stiúir BBC Scotland:

* BBC a haon Alban - an príomhchainéal teilifíse le nuacht, cúrsaí an lae, dráma, agus greann.
* BBC a dó Alban - ag tarraingt amach as BBC le Gàidhlig, cúrsaí an lae, agus cláir ó [[Pàrlamaid na h-Alba]].
Fógraíodh sa bhliain 2026 nach mbeadh BBC Scotland TV le feiceáil ar an teilifís feasta ach ar an seinnteoir ar líne amháin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Jack Mac Íomhair]]|date=23 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/10/athstruchturu-fogartha-ag-bbc-gaeilge-da-solathar-raidio/|title=Athstruchtúrú fógartha ag BBC Gaeilge dá soláthar raidió|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|pages=lch 3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cláir ===

* Reporting Scotland (nuacht)
* Newsnight Scotland (nuacht agus cúrsaí an lae)
* River City (dráma)
* Sportscene (spórt)
* Beechgrove Garden (stíl mhaireachtála)

== Raidió ==

Tá raidió náisiúnta na hAlban faoi stiúir BBC Scotland freisin.

* [[BBC Radio Scotland]] ar 92-95 FM agus 810 MW, ag craoladh ar fud Alban.
* [[Radio nan Gaidheal|BBC Radio nan Gàidheal]] ar 103.5 FM, ag craoladh i nGaeilge na hAlban.

Craoltar nuacht áitiúil ó [[Salcraig|Shalcraig]] (Crìochan na h-Alba), [[Dún Phris|Dhùn Phrìs]] (Deas), [[Obar Dheathain]] (Ear-thuath) agus [[Inbhear Nis]] ([[Gaeltacht na hAlban]]).

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]
* [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]
* [[BBC Cymru Wales|BBC Cymru]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Catagóir:BBC]]
[[Catagóir:Cultúr na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin teilifíse na Breataine]]
[[Catagóir:Glaschú]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 1923]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 1920í]]</text>
      <sha1>7k3asj3awxii10u7xt1e8suj6cfqvyb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>An Ocsatáinis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>53129</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331971</id>
      <parentid>1331148</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:53:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Howohhoh</username>
        <id>63441</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cuireadh dhá sliocht a nascann chuig an saothar céanna lena chéile.</comment>
      <origin>1331971</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10254" sha1="3kr7d0hiegnt4e8adc37upxvce6nijj" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Teanga}}

Is [[na teangacha Ind-Eorpacha|teanga Ind-Eorpach]] í '''an Ocsatáinis'''. Tugtar ''lenga d'òc'' uirthi sa teanga féin, nó ''langue d'oc'' san [[An Fhraincis|Fhraincis]]. Mionteanga atá inti, á labhairt san [[Diúc na hAcatáine|Acatáin]], [[Auvergne]], [[Languedoc-Roussillon]], [[Limousin]], [[Midi-Pyrénées]] agus i b[[Provence]] i ndeisceart [[An Fhrainc|na Fraince]]. Ach cloistear an teanga freisin i réigiúin sa [[An Spáinn|Spáinn]], san [[An Iodáil|Iodáil]], agus i [[Monacó]].

== Ainm na Teanga ==
Ina ''&quot;De Vulgari Eloquentia&quot;'' (Ar Labhairt na Gnáththeanga), rinne an file Iodálach [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]] idirdhealú idir trí saghas teangacha Rómánsacha a bhunaíodh ar an nós a dúradh an dearfach: {{lang|la|''&quot;nam alii oc, alii oil, alii si affirmando locuntur&quot;''}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/dante/vulgar.shtml|teideal=Dante: De Vulgari Eloquentia I|work=www.thelatinlibrary.com|dátarochtana=2026-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Toisc go ndeir cuid amháin ''oc'', cuid eile ''oil'', agus cuid eile ''si''). Is í seo an chéad fianaise den nath ''lenga d'oc'' mar ainm na teanga, óna dtagann &quot;an Ocsatáinis&quot;. San am a chuaigh thart, chuirtí an ainm &quot;Provençal&quot;, ainm atá ar chanúint airithe dí an lá atá inniu, ar an teanga iomlán freisin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Mooney, D. (2021). Phonetics and phonology of Romance languages: Occitan. In ''Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology'' (pp. 709-742). de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Stair ==
Bhí teorainneacha na hOcsatáinise thuaidh ná a bhfuil sa lá atá inniu ar dtús na Meánaoise, áit a dtugtar an ainm &quot;''Occitania submersa''&quot; (Ocsatáin Bháite) uirthi. Thosaigh an teorainn ag dul ó dheas thart ar an 8ú haois go dtí an 11ú haois, go dtí an áit nár athraíodh go dtí an tréimhse comhaimseartha. Ba iad cúigí ar nós Saintonge, Aunis, Angoumois, agus cuid mhór de [[Poitou]] na cúigí a bhí ina gcuid den ''&quot;Occitania submersa''&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Manuel de Linguistique Occitane|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH|date=2024|location=Berlin/Boston|issue=v.35|coauthors=Jean Sibille|author=Louise Esher}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa Mheánaois, ba iad trúbadóirí na hOcsatáin an fhoinse is mó do litríocht Ocsatáinise. Chuireadh siad an ainm &quot;''lengua romana''&quot; (teanga Rómhánach) uirthi uaireanta. I gcáipéisí oifigiúla ón am sin, luadh í mar &quot;''roman''&quot; i gcodarsnacht leis an bhFraincis, nó &quot;''langue du roi''&quot; (teanga an rí). Úsáideadh an Ocsatáinis mar teanga oifigiúil litríochta na [[Coróin na hAragóine|hAragóine]], mar chuid de phleananna Rí na hAragóine, Alfons II, i bProvence. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The world of the troubadours: Medieval Occitan Society, c. 1100 - c. 1300|publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press|date=1995|location=Cambridge|author=Linda Paterson}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ón 12ú haois, chuaigh an Ocsatáinis i laghad mar teanga litríochta mar gheall ar fhorbairt fheidhm na Fraincise mar teanga riaracháin. Chuir Conradh na Villers-Cotterêts an Fhraincis ina haon teanga oifigiúil den ríocht, a raibh éifeacht diúltach aige do ghradam na hOcsatáinise. Neartaigh an meath sin le [[Réabhlóid na Fraince]]. Chuir an rialtas réabhlóideach an ainm &quot;''patois''&quot; (teanga neamhchaighdeánach) ar mhionteanga na Fraince ar nós na hOcsatáinise, agus bhí sé i gceist acu Fraincis chaighdeánach a chur ina n-áiteanna go hiomlán. &lt;ref&gt;Joubert, A. (2011). ''A comparative study of the evolution of prestige formations and of speakers' attitudes in Occitan and Catalan''. The University of Manchester (United Kingdom).&lt;/ref&gt;
Sa bhliain 1882, cuireadh i bhfeidhm dlí Ferry, a raibh i gceist aige oideachas saolta a chur chun cinn. Áfach, cuireadh pionóis náireacha ar dhaltaí in aghaidh labhairt na mionteangacha ar scoil, beart ar a dtugtar &quot;''vergonha''&quot; (náire) san Ocsatáinis. &lt;ref&gt;Geddie, V. J. (2014). The Use of Occitan Dialects in Languedoc-Roussillon, France.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Íomhá:SpeakFrenchBeClean.jpg|mion|''Vergonha'': &quot;Labhraígí as Fraincis, bígí glan&quot;, Póstaer a chuireadh i scoil sa chuid Chatalónach den Fhrainc.|faic]]

== Canúintí ==
[[Íomhá:Occitan-Dialects.svg|mion|Mapa canúintí na hOcsatáinise, de réir Ronjat. (Leis an ''limosin'' agus an ''auvergnat'' ina ngrúpa amháin)]]
Tá éagsúlacht rangúchán ann ar chanúintí na hOcsatáinise. Ba é Jules Ronjat an chéad duine a chuir rangúchán le cheile agus a leag amach teorainneacha na teanga, sa bhliain 1941. Roinn sé ina gcúig ghrúpa iad, bunaithe ar thréithe fóineolaíochta, mar shampla:

* Caomhnú an &quot;-n&quot; dheiridh (an ''provençal''), 
* Cailleadh an difríochta idir &quot;b&quot; agus &quot;v&quot; (an ''lengadocien)'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Ronjat, J.|date=1941|title=Grammaire Istorique Des Parlers Provencaux Modernes|volume=Tome IV, Appendice: Les Dialectes|issue=Montpellier Société des Langues Romanes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní raibh i gceist leis an rangúchán seo ach difríochtaí fóineolaíochta a ghrúpáil le chéile, gan fiosrúchán cuimsitheach ar na caidrimh idir na grúpaí sin. Ba é Pierre Bec a rinne rangúchán na teangacha Ocsatánacha ina ngrúpaí &quot;ollcanúnacha&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Léonard, J. L. (2024). Revisiting Southern Gallo-Romance from a complexity theory standpoint: Occitan. ''Frontiers in Complex Systems'', ''2'', 1429114.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Bec supradialectal.jpg|clé|mion|Rangúchán &quot;ollchanúnach&quot; de réir Bec.]]

=== An Ghascúinis ===
Meastar go coitianta gurb í an Ghascúinis an chanúint is éagsúla den Ocsatáinis, toisc go bhfuil gnéithe inti nach bhfuil le fáil in aon chanúint eile. Mar shampla, cuirtear an réimír &quot;a-&quot; roimh &quot;r&quot; ag tús focal Laidine, athrú a cheaptar a bheith mar thoradh ar thionchar na Bascaise. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Fóineolaíocht ==
Is é seo a leanas fardal fóineolaíochta na hOcsatáinise (sa chan''úint Lenguadocien''): &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology|url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110550283/html|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2021-11-08|doi=10.1515/9783110550283|author=Christoph Gabriel, Randall Gess, Trudel Meisenburg}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle&quot;
|+
!
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Déliopach
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Liopach-Déadach
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Ailbheolach
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Iaraibheolach
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Carballach
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Coguasach
|-
!Pléascach
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|p
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|b
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|t
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|d
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|k
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|g
|-
!Aifricéad
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|t͡s
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|t͡ʃ 
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|d͡ʒ
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
|-
!Srónach
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|m
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|n
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
|-
!Tríleach
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|r
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|ɲ
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
|-
!Flapa
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|ɾ
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
|-
!Cuimilteach
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|f
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|(v)
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|s
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|z
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|(ʃ)
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
|-
!Cliathánach
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|l
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|ʎ
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot;|
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot;|
|}
Na gutaí:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle&quot;
!
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tosaigh
!Cúil
|-
!
!Neamhchruinn
!Cruinn
!Cruinn
|-
!Dúnta
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot; |i
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot; |y
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot; |u
|-
!Lárdhúnta
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot; |e
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot; |
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot; |
|-
!Lároscailte
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot; |ɛ
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot; |
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot; |ɔ
|-
!Oscailte
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot; |a
| style=&quot;border-left:none&quot; |
| style=&quot;border-right:none&quot; |
|}
Faightear an fardal iomlán i siollaí aiceanta amháin. I siollaí gan aiceann, Ní fhaightear /ɛ/, agus faightear /ɔ/ mar leagan difriúil de /a/ amháin i siollaí deiridh. Is guta corrach é /y/, a gcuirtear ceann eile de na gutaí dúnta (/i/, /u/) ina áit go minic, agus is annamh a thagann sé i siollaí deiridh freisin. &lt;ref&gt;Müller, D., &amp; Martín, S. (2012). A preliminary acoustic study of the Occitan vowel system. ''Études de linguistique gallo-romane'', 149-159.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Síol-teanga}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ocsatainis, An}}
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Fraince]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Spáinne]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hEorpa]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hIodáile]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha Rómánsacha]]</text>
      <sha1>3kr7d0hiegnt4e8adc37upxvce6nijj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Robert Sheehan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>62647</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332047</id>
      <parentid>1276456</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:58:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Mionathruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332047</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2493" sha1="o1owuc5j1hz7427rs1y4okn1nadvc5c" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Aisteoir [[Éire]]annach is ea '''Robert Michael Sheehan''' (Gaeilge: ''Roibeárd Mícheál Ó Siodhacháin'') a rugadh ar [[7 Eanáir]] [[1988]]. Aithnítear é as páirteanna teilifíse mar Nathan Young in ''[[Misfits]]'' agus Darren in ''Love/Hate'', agus chomh maith leis sin as a ról sa scannán ''Cherrybomb'' sa bhliain 2009. Bhí príomhpháirt sa scannán ''Killing Bono'' mar Ivan McCormick aige, in éineacht le Ben Barnes. Go déanach sa bhliain 2011 bhí páirt thábhachtach aige i léiriú John Crowley de ''The Playboy of the Western World'' le [[J. M. Synge]] san Old Vic Theatre i [[Londain]]. 

Ainmníodh Sheehan do ghradam [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] trí huaire agus do ghradam [[BAFTA]] uair amháin. Roinn sé gradam BAFTA leis na baill eile d’fhoireann ''Misfits''. Sa bhliain 2013 ghlac sé le páirt Simon Lewis sa leagan scannáin den leabhar ''City of Bones''. 

==A óige==
Rugadh Sheehan i b[[Port Laoise]], i g[[Contae Laoise]], do Maria agus Joe Sheehan. Garda síochána a athair. Robert an duine is óige de thriúr páistí. Ghlac sé Paul mar ainm cóineartaithe nuair a chuaigh sé faoi lámh an easpaig. Ar scoil dó i St. Paul's sheinn sé an [[bainseó]], an [[bodhrán]], agus na [[spúnóg]]a, agus ghlac sé páirt i bhfleánna ceoil. D'imir sé an phríomhpháirt i ndráma scoile bunaithe ar an úrscéal ''[[Oliver Twist]]''. Spreag sin a shuim san aisteoireacht. A mháthair a thug go triail aisteora é agus é in aois a 14 bliana don scannán ''[[Song For a Raggy Boy]]''. Roghnaíodh é don pháirt, agus chaith sé roinnt seachtainí i gCorcaigh Thiar mar a raibh an scannánú ar siúl.

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Féach freisin ==

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1588066/?ref_=nmmi_mi_nm Robert Sheehan ag IMDb, arna rochtain ar 28-5-15] 
* [http://www.lisarichards.ie/actorsm/robert-sheehan-actor#.VWcyFtFFBLM C.v. ag suíomh a ghníomhaire, arna aisghabháil ar 28-5-15] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912185235/http://www.lisarichards.ie/actorsm/robert-sheehan-actor#.VWcyFtFFBLM |date=2015-09-12 }}
* [http://www.iftn.ie/news/?act1=record&amp;only=1&amp;aid=73&amp;rid=4283417&amp;tpl=archnews&amp;force=1 Alt faoi Sheehan ag IFTN, arna rochtain ar 28-5-15]

{{síol-aisteoir}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sheehan, Robert}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1988]]
[[Catagóir:Aisteoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Laoise]]</text>
      <sha1>o1owuc5j1hz7427rs1y4okn1nadvc5c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Teasaloinicé</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>62734</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332021</id>
      <parentid>1331120</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:53:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332021</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3509" sha1="4xliqpgto3eyvfdq7u7zdjctnxyyd4u" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}
Is í '''Teasaloinicé'''&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Teasaloinic%E9/|title=“Teasaloinicé” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Gréigis: Θεσσαλονίκη [θesalonici])&lt;ref&gt;i mBéarla, ''Thessaloniki'', uaireanta ''Salonika'' &lt;/ref&gt; an dara chathair is mó sa Ghréig agus príomhchathair [[An Mhacadóin Ghréagach|na Macadóine Gréagaí]], réigiún riaracháin Lár na Macadóine, agus riarachán díláraithe na Macadóine agus na [[an Tráicia |Trácia]].  Is é Συμπρωτεύουσα (Symprotévousa), sa bhrí litriúil &quot;''comh- ardchathair'' &quot;, an teideal oinigh atá  uirthi, a dhéanann tagairt don stádas stairiúil a bhí aici, mar  Συμβασιλεύουσα (Symvasilévousa) nó &quot;''comh-phríomhchathair''&quot; chomh maith le [[Cathair Chonstaintín]] ar [[Impireacht Bhiosántach|Impireacht na Róimhe an Oirthir]].
[[Íomhá:Αλκαζάρ Θεσσαλονίκης 3843.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Mosc Hamza Bey Mosque in 2019]]
[[Íomhá:Ataturk-birth-house.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Teach Ataturk]]
[[Íomhá:Secretary Pompeo Visits the Thessaloniki Jewish Museum (50394255877).jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Bhí an pobal Giúdach ba mhó sa Ghréig lonnaithe i Teasaloinicé tráth. Ghlan na Naitsithe ó thalamh an domhain iad.]]

== Stair ==
Ba chuid den Impireacht Otamánach an chathair tráth. I dtús an naoú haois déag a tugadh an chuid sin den tír isteach sa Ghréig. 

Tá an chathair breac le moscanna sna seanphictiúir dubh agus bán ó thús an 19ú céad.   Sa bhliain 1923, i ndiaidh ráig foréigin a bhí seicteach, socraíodh go ‘n-aistreofaí’ pobail Ghréagacha as an Tuirc agus pobail Thurcacha as an nGréig – os cionn milliún Críostaí Ceartcreidmheach Gréagach agus na céadta míle Moslamach a aistríodh.

Bhí an pobal Giúdach ba mhó sa Ghréig lonnaithe i Teasaloinicé tráth. Pobal mór láidir a bhí ann, lucht gnó, lucht déantúsaíochta, scoileanna, teampaill, eagraíochtaí cultúir agus an iliomad eile, gach áit sa chathair.  Ghlan na Naitsithe ó thalamh an domhain iad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/thugamar-na-pitseamai-striocacha-faoi-deara-agus-ansin-an-tsreang-dheilgneach/|teideal=Thugamar na ‘pitseámaí’ stríocacha faoi deara, agus ansin an tsreang dheilgneach|údar=Mairéad Ní Nuadháin|dáta=6 Samhain 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tharla crith talún (sách beag, timpeall 6.3 ar an scála Richter) sa bhliain 1978 agus maraíodh 60+ sa chathair.

== Iontais ==
I lár na cathrach, tá foirgneamh stairiúil – an teach cónaithe inar mhair an ceannaire Turcach, [[Mustafa Kemal Ataturk]]. Tá an teach tógtha sa stíl Otamánach agus leagtha amach le troscán ón 19ú haois. Tá sé taobh le Consalacht na Tuirce agus siad Rialtas na Tuirce a choinníonn é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

le Mosc Hamza Bey ón 15ú haois.   Is ionad turasóireachta anois é.

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Iarsmalann na dTuamaí Ríoga in Aigai (Vergina)]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

[[Catagóir:An Mhacadóin Ghréagach]]
[[Catagóir:Cathracha ar an Meánmhuir]]
[[Catagóir:Cathracha Impireacht na Róimhe]]
[[Catagóir:Cathracha na Sean-Ghréige]]
[[Catagóir:Cathracha san Eoraip a bhfuil calafoirt]]
[[Catagóir:Impireacht Bhiosántach]]
[[Catagóir:Teasaloinicé]]</text>
      <sha1>4xliqpgto3eyvfdq7u7zdjctnxyyd4u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Teimpléad:Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>66170</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332095</id>
      <parentid>1331882</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:50:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cealaíodh athruithe [[Special:Contributions/LametinoWiki|LametinoWiki]] ([[User talk:LametinoWiki|Plé]]); ar ais chuig leagan le [[User:Kevin Scannell|Kevin Scannell]]</comment>
      <origin>1234327</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6583" sha1="8rb8lnz9c2boeprqw2sparrarwzfgpp" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox 
|name      = Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil
|state     = 
|title     = [[An 32ú Dáil|Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil]]
|bodyclass = hlist

|above     = 
Mar [[An 32ú Dáil|a toghadh chun na Dála sa bhliain 2016]], le hathruithe&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceann Comhairle]]: [[Seán Ó Fearghaíl]]

|group1 = [[Fine Gael]] (50)
|list1  = [[Maria Bailey|Bailey]]{{·}} [[Seán Barrett (Fine Gael)|Barrett]]{{·}} [[Pat Breen|Breen]]{{·}} [[Colm Brophy|Brophy]]{{·}} [[Richard Bruton|Bruton]]{{·}} [[Peter Burke|Burke]]{{·}} [[Catherine Byrne|C. Byrne]]{{·}} [[Ciarán Cannon|Cannon]]{{·}} [[Joe Carey|Carey]]{{·}} [[Marcella Corcoran Kennedy|Corcoran Kennedy]]{{·}} [[Simon Coveney|Coveney]]{{·}} [[Michael Creed|Creed]]{{·}} [[Jim Daly|J. Daly]]{{·}} [[Michael W. D'Arcy|D'Arcy]]{{·}} [[John Deasy (Fine Gael)|Deasy]]{{·}} [[Pat Deering|Deering]]{{·}} [[Regina Doherty|R. Doherty]]{{·}} [[Paschal Donohoe|Donohoe]]{{·}} [[Andrew Doyle|Doyle]]{{·}} [[Bernard Durkan|Durkan]]{{·}} [[Damien English|English]]{{·}} [[Alan Farrell|Farrell]]{{·}} [[Frances Fitzgerald|Fitzgerald]]{{·}} [[Peter Fitzpatrick|Fitzpatrick]]{{·}} [[Charles Flanagan|Flanagan]]{{·}} [[Brendan Griffin|Griffin]]{{·}} [[Simon Harris|Harris]]{{·}} [[Martin Heydon|Heydon]]{{·}} [[Heather Humphreys|Humphreys]]{{·}} [[Paul Kehoe|Kehoe]]{{·}} [[Enda Kenny|E. Kenny]]{{·}} [[Seán Kyne|Kyne]]{{·}} [[Josepha Madigan|Madigan]]{{·}} [[Helen McEntee|McEntee]]{{·}} [[Joe McHugh|McHugh]]{{·}} [[Tony McLoughlin|McLoughlin]]{{·}} [[Mary Mitchell O'Connor|Mitchell O'Connor]]{{·}} [[Dara Murphy|D. Murphy]]{{·}} [[Eoghan Murphy|Eoghan Murphy]]{{·}} [[Hildegarde Naughton|H. Naughton]]{{·}} [[Tom Neville (polaiteoir)|Neville]]{{·}} [[Michael Noonan|Noonan]]{{·}} [[Kate O'Connell|O'Connell]]{{·}} [[Patrick O'Donovan|O'Donovan]]{{·}} [[Fergus O'Dowd|O'Dowd]]{{·}} [[John Paul Phelan|Phelan]]{{·}} [[Michael Ring|Ring]]{{·}} [[Noel Rock|Rock]]{{·}} [[David Stanton|Stanton]]{{·}} ''[[Leo Varadkar|Varadkar]]''

|group2 = [[Fianna Fáil]] (44)
|list2  = [[Bobby Aylward|Aylward]]{{·}} [[John Brassil|Brassil]]{{·}} [[Declan Breathnach|Breathnach]]{{·}} [[James Browne|Browne]]{{·}} [[Mary Butler|Butler]]{{·}} [[Thomas Byrne|T. Byrne]]{{·}} [[Jackie Cahill|Cahill]]{{·}} [[Dara Calleary|Calleary]]{{·}} [[Pat Casey|Casey]]{{·}} [[Shane Cassells|Cassells]]{{·}} [[Lisa Chambers|L. Chambers]]{{·}} [[Jack Chambers|J. Chambers]]{{·}} [[Niall Collins|N. Collins]]{{·}} [[Barry Cowen|Cowen]]{{·}} [[John Curran|Curran]]{{·}} [[Stephen Donnelly|Donnelly]]{{·}} [[Timmy Dooley|Dooley]]{{·}} [[Seán Fleming|Fleming]]{{·}} [[Pat the Cope Gallagher|Gallagher]]{{·}} [[Seán Haughey|Haughey]]{{·}} [[Billy Kelleher|Kelleher]]{{·}} [[John Lahart|Lahart]]{{·}} [[James Lawless|Lawless]]{{·}} ''[[Micheál Martin|M. Martin]]''{{·}} [[Charlie McConalogue|McConalogue]]{{·}} [[Michael McGrath|Michael McGrath]]{{·}} [[John J. McGuinness|McGuinness]]{{·}} [[Marc MacSharry|MacSharry]]{{·}} [[Aindrias Moynihan|A. Moynihan]]{{·}} [[Michael Moynihan (polaiteoir Corcaíoch)|M. Moynihan]]{{·}} [[Margaret Murphy O'Mahony|Murphy O'Mahony]]{{·}} [[Eugene Murphy|Eugene Murphy]]{{·}} [[Darragh O'Brien|D. O'Brien]]{{·}} [[Jim O'Callaghan|O'Callaghan]]{{·}} [[Éamon Ó Cuív|Ó Cuív]]{{·}} [[Willie O'Dea|O'Dea]]{{·}} [[Kevin O'Keeffe|O'Keeffe]]{{·}} [[Fiona O'Loughlin|O'Loughlin]]{{·}} [[Frank O'Rourke|O'Rourke]]{{·}} [[Anne Rabbitte|Rabbitte]]{{·}} [[Eamon Scanlon|Scanlon]]{{·}} [[Brendan Smith|Brendan Smith]]{{·}} [[Niamh Smyth|Smyth]]{{·}} [[Robert Troy|Troy]]

|group3 = [[Sinn Féin]] (21)
|list3  = ''[[Gerry Adams|Adams]]''{{·}} [[John Brady|Brady]]{{·}} [[Pat Buckley|Buckley]]{{·}} [[Seán Crowe|Crowe]]{{·}} [[David Cullinane|Cullinane]]{{·}} [[Pearse Doherty|P. Doherty]]{{·}} [[Dessie Ellis|Ellis]]{{·}} [[Martin Ferris|M. Ferris]]{{·}} [[Kathleen Funchion|Funchion]]{{·}} [[Martin Kenny|M. Kenny]]{{·}} [[Mary Lou McDonald|McDonald]]{{·}} [[Denise Mitchell|Mitchell]]{{·}} [[Imelda Munster|Munster]]{{·}} [[Jonathan O'Brien|J. O'Brien]]{{·}} [[Eoin Ó Broin|Ó Broin]]{{·}} [[Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin|Ó Caoláin]]{{·}} [[Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire|Ó Laoghaire]]{{·}} [[Louise O'Reilly|O'Reilly]]{{·}} [[Aengus Ó Snodaigh|Ó Snodaigh]]{{·}} [[Maurice Quinlivan|Quinlivan]]{{·}} [[Brian Stanley|Stanley]]

|group4 = [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Páirtí an Lucht Oibre]] (7)
|list4  = [[Joan Burton|Burton]]{{·}} ''[[Brendan Howlin|Howlin]]''{{·}} [[Alan Kelly (polaiteoir)|Kelly]]{{·}} [[Brendan Ryan|Ryan]]{{·}} [[Seán Sherlock|Sherlock]]{{·}} [[Jan O'Sullivan|J. O'Sullivan]]{{·}} [[Willie Penrose|Penrose]]

|group5 = [[Comhghuaillíocht Frith-Dhéine-Comhghuaillíocht an Phobail roimh Bhrabús|CFD-CPRB]] (6)
|list5  = [[Mick Barry|Barry]]{{·}} [[Richard Boyd Barrett|Boyd Barrett]]{{·}} [[Ruth Coppinger|Coppinger]]{{·}} [[Gino Kenny|G. Kenny]]{{·}} [[Paul Murphy (Polaiteoir Éireannach)|Murphy]]{{·}} [[Bríd Smith|Smith]]

|group6 = [[Independents 4 Change]] (3)
|list6 = [[Joan Collins (polaiteoir)|J. Collins]]{{·}} [[Clare Daly|C. Daly]]{{·}} [[Mick Wallace|Wallace]]

|group7 = [[Na Daonlathaigh Shóisialta]] (2)
|list7  = ''[[Catherine Murphy|C. Murphy]]''{{·}} ''[[Róisín Shortall|Shortall]]''

|group8 = [[Comhaontas Glas]] (2)
|list8  = [[Catherine Martin|Martin]]{{·}} ''[[Éamon Ryan|Ryan]]''

|group9 = [[Grúpa Gníomhaíochta na n-Oibrithe is iad atá Dífhostaithe|Grúpa Gníomhaíochta na n-Oibrithe&lt;br /&gt;is iad atá Dífhostaithe]] (1)	
|list9  = [[Séamus Healy|Healy]]

|group10 = [[Neamhspleách (polaitíocht)|Neamhspleáigh]] (21)
|list10  = [[Tommy Broughan|Broughan]]{{·}} [[Seán Canney|Canney]]{{·}} [[Michael Collins (polaiteoir)|M. Collins]]{{·}} [[Catherine Connolly|Connolly]]{{·}} [[Michael Fitzmaurice (polaiteoir)|Fitzmaurice]]{{·}} [[Noel Grealish|Grealish]]{{·}} [[John Halligan|Halligan]]{{·}} [[Michael Harty|Harty]]{{·}} [[Danny Healy-Rae|D. Healy-Rae]]{{·}} [[Michael Healy-Rae|M. Healy-Rae]]{{·}} [[Michael Lowry|Lowry]]{{·}} [[Finian McGrath|F. McGrath]]{{·}} [[Mattie McGrath]]{{·}} [[Kevin Moran (polaiteoir)|Moran]]{{·}} [[Denis Naughten|D. Naughten]]{{·}} [[Carol Nolan|Nolan]]{{·}} [[Maureen O'Sullivan (polaiteoir)|M. O'Sullivan]]{{·}} [[Thomas Pringle|Pringle]]{{·}} [[Shane Ross|Ross]]{{·}} [[Peadar Tóibín|Tóibín]]{{·}} [[Katherine Zappone|Zappone]]

|below = 
{{·}} ''Cló Iodálach'' = Ceannairí na bPairtithe '''Trom''' = Airí
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Catagóir:Dáil Éireann|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Catagóir:Teimpléid]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8rb8lnz9c2boeprqw2sparrarwzfgpp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catherine Connolly</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>66352</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332085</id>
      <parentid>1331071</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:39:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>TGcoa moved page [[Caitríona Ní Chonghaile]] to [[Catherine Connolly]] over redirect</comment>
      <origin>1331071</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22925" sha1="bbzf8s5puqirrvpcijw6lqxvdivt5ou" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Is í '''Caitríona Máirtíona Áine Ní Chonghaile''' nó '''Catherine Martina Ann Connolly''' (a rugadh ar an [[12 Iúil]] [[1957]]) an deichiú [[Uachtarán na hÉireann|Uachtarán ar Éirinn]], ón mbliain [[2025]]. Ghlac sí móid na hoifige ar an 11 Samhain 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.catherineconnollyforpresident.ie/about-catherine|teideal=Faoi Catherine Connolly - Connolly for President|work=www.catherineconnollyforpresident.ie|dátarochtana=2025-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Toghadh í mar [[Teachta Dála|Theachta Dála]] [[Neamhspleách]] sa dáilcheantar [[Gaillimh Thiar (Dáilcheantar)|Gaillimh Thiar]] san [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2016|Olltoghchán 2016]] agus atoghadh í in 2020 agus 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/election-2020-catherine-connolly-independent-1.4168665|teideal=Election 2020: Catherine Connolly (Independent)|údar=Ronan McGreevy|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2020-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tús a saoil ==
[[Íomhá:Catherine Connolly (52440201859) (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|328x328px|2022]]
[[Íomhá:Catherine Connolly - 9 April 2024 76.jpg|clé|mion|330x330px|9 Aibreán 2024 sa Dáil]]
[[Íomhá:Meeting with the Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Republic of the Philippines, Hon. Yasser Alonto Balindong in Ireland - 10.jpg|clé|mion|330x330px|Sir [[Horace Plunkett]] (le Dermod O'Brien) ag coinneáil súil uirthi, 2024]]

Is as [[Seantalamh, Cathair na Gaillimhe|Seantalamh]] i [[Cathair na Gaillimhe|gCathair na Gaillimhe]] í Connolly, ar an taobh thiar de chathair na Gaillimhe, agus tá sí ina cónaí sa [[An Cladach|Chladach]] ó 1988.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ce-hi-catherine-connolly-an-10u-huachtaran-ar-eirinn/|teideal=Cé hí Catherine Connolly an 10ú huachtarán ar Éirinn?|údar=Maitiú Ó Coimín|dáta=26 Deireadh Fómhair 2025|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Bhí 14 dhuine clainne ina teaghlach, seachtar buachaillí agus seachtar cailíní. Naoi mbliana d’aois a bhí Catherine nuair a bhásaigh a máthair agus gan í ach 43 bliain d’aois. Duine d’iascairí [[An Cladach|an Chladaigh]], de bhunadh [[Inis Bearachain]] i gConamara, a bhí ina seanathair, agus ba shiúinéir agus saor bád a hathair. 

Bhain sí céim sa tsiceolaíocht amach in [[Ollscoil na Gaillimhe]] agus céim an mháistir sa tSíceolaíocht Chliniciúil in [[Ollscoil Leiden|Ollscoil Leeds]] sa bhliain 1981. Chaith sí tamall ag staidéar sa Ghearmáin freisin agus d’fhoghlaim sí an Ghearmáinis ansin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 

D’fhill sí ar a cathair dhúchais agus chuir fúithi sa [[An Cladach|Chladach]]. D’oibrigh sí mar [[Síceolaí|shíceolaí]] cliniciúil do Bhord Sláinte an Iarthair i m[[Béal Átha na Sluaighe]], i gcathair na Gaillimhe, agus i gConamara idir na blianta 1981 agus 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/oireachtas/profile-catherine-connolly-ind-1.2554202|teideal=Profile: Catherine Connolly (Ind)|údar=Lorna Siggins|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2020-01-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bhain sí céim sa Dlí amach i gColáiste na hOllscoile, Gaillimh in 1989. Ansin rinne sí staidéar in [[Óstaí an Rí]] agus glacadh léi mar abhcóide i 1991.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 

[[Abhcóide]] ab ea Connolly ar feadh roinnt blianta roimh dhul leis an bpolaitíocht.

== Gairmréim ==
Toghadh Connolly mar Chomhairleoir Cathrach i nGaillimh don chéad uair i mí an Mheithimh 1999 agus í ina ball de [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre.]] D'fhan sí sa phost seo ar feadh 17 bhliain, go dtí gur toghadh í mar Theachta Dála i 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://catherineconnolly.com/about/|teideal=About|dáta=2014-02-23|language=en-US|work=Claddagh, Galway|dátarochtana=2020-01-29|archivedate=2020-01-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130142438/http://catherineconnolly.com/about/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ar an gComhairle Cathrach, toghadh í sa cheantar thiar (1999, 2009) agus uair amháin sa cheantar theas (2004).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?id=4630|teideal=ElectionsIreland.org: Catherine Connolly|work=electionsireland.org|dátarochtana=2020-01-29|archivedate=2020-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922224140/https://www.electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=4630}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Agus í ina comhairleoir cathrach, vótáil sí le hainm [[Dana|Dana Rosmary Scallon]] a chur chun cinn do thoghchán uachtaránachta 2004.

Toghadh a deirfiúr Colette Connolly mar Chomhairleoir Cathrach na Gaillimhe sa bhliain 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=5169|teideal=ElectionsIreland.org: Colette Connolly|work=electionsireland.org|dátarochtana=2020-01-29|archivedate=2020-08-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809033624/https://www.electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=5169}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Toghadh Catherine Connolly ina Cathaoirleach (&quot;Méara&quot;) ar an gcomhairle cathrach an bhliain chéanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

'''2006'''

D'éirigh Connolly as Páirtí an Lucht Oibre i 2006 nuair a chinn ceann ceathrú an pháirtí nach mbeadh ach iarrthóir amháin ([[Mícheál D. Ó hUiginn]]) ag seasamh sa Dáilcheantar [[Gaillimh Thiar (Dáilcheantar)|Gaillimh Thiar]] in Olltoghchán 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Tar éis di an páirtí a fhágáil, sheas Connolly mar iarrthóir Neamhspleách san Olltoghchán 2007. Fuair sí 3.6% de na vótaí céadrogha agus cuireadh as an áireamh í ar an ochtú comhaireamh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Fuair Ó hUiginn 11.1% den vóta agus toghadh é ar an deichiú comhaireamh.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Atoghadh ina comhairleoir cathrach ar Chomhairle na Gaillimhe í mar iarrthóir neamhspleách in 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

'''2011'''

Sheas Connolly in Olltoghchán 2011 agus fuair sí 7.9% de na vótaí céadrogha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Sheas sí arís mar iarrthóir neamhspleách in Olltoghchán 2011, toghchán ina bhfuair comharba Mhichíl D Uí Uigínn i bpáirtí an Lucht Oibre, Derek Nolan, an méid is mó vótaí céadrogha (12.4%). Chaill Connolly amach ar shuíochán le dornán beag vótaí; ní raibh ach 17 vóta idir í féin agus an t-iarrthóir [[Seán Ó Cadhain (polaiteoir)|Seán Ó Cadhain]], ach tar éis athchomhaireamh na vótaí, toghadh Ó Cadhain agus ní bhfuair Connolly an suíochán.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Toghadh den cheathrú huair í mar chomhairleoir cathrach i gcathair na Gaillimhe i dtoghcháin áitiúla na bliana 2014. 

'''2016'''

Toghadh í do Dháil Éireann (an [[An 32ú Dáil|32ú Dáil]]) in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2016|Olltoghchán 2016]] le 7.6% de na vótaí céadrogha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Roghnaigh sí [[Richard Boyd Barrett]] i bpróiseas roghnúcháin Taoisigh na 32ú Dála.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.kildarestreet.com/debates/?id=2016-03-10a.60|teideal=Nomination of Taoiseach: 10 Mar 2016: Dáil debates (KildareStreet.com)|work=www.kildarestreet.com|dátarochtana=2020-01-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Ba í a deirfiúr, Colette Connolly, ball de Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre, a fuair a suíochán ar an gComhairle Cathrach i 2016). 

Ceapadh ina Cathaoirleach í ar Choiste na Gaeilge, na Gaeltachta agus na nOileán sa 32ú Dáil i 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/ga/committees/32/irish-language-the-gaeltacht-and-the-islands/membership|teideal=Comhaltas – Coiste na Gaeilge, na Gaeltachta agus na nOileán – 32nd Dáil, 25th Seanad – Tithe an Oireachtais|údar=Tithe an Oireachtais|dáta=2020-01-17|language=ga|work=www.oireachtas.ie|dátarochtana=2020-01-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;    

'''2020'''

Atoghadh Connolly in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2020|Olltoghchán 2020]] le 9.0% de na vótaí céadrogha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=General Election 2020 Live Results {{!}} RTÉ News|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/election-2020/results/}}&lt;/ref&gt;    

Toghadh í mar Leas-Cheann Comhairle  sa [[An 33ú Dáil|33ú Dáil]] faoi Alt 15.9.1 de Bhunreacht na hÉireann i mí Iúil 2020, ceapachán nach rabhthas ag súil leis ag an am.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;  Ba í an chéad bhean a bhí sa ról sin ó bunaíodh an chéad Dáil os cionn céad bliain roimhe sin.  Tugadh aitheantas agus urraim di as a cuid neamhchlaontachta agus cothroime sa ról seo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;  

Ceapadh ina cathaoirleach arís í ar Choiste na Gaeilge, na Gaeltachta, agus Phobal Labhartha na Gaeilge.  

Atoghadh Connolly in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2024|Olltoghchán 2024]] agus shuigh sí ar An Coiste um Chuntais Phoiblí sa [[An 34ú Dáil|34ú Dáil]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/committees/34/committee-of-public-accounts/membership|teideal=Membership – Committee of Public Accounts – 34th Dáil – Houses of the Oireachtas|údar=Houses of the Oireachtas|dáta=2025-06-18|language=en-ie|work=www.oireachtas.ie|dátarochtana=2025-07-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dúirt sí gurb í fhéin a rinne maoiniú ar a cuid feachtais polaitíochta go dtí 2024 agus nár ghlac sí le síntiúis riamh go dtí sin.

=== Tuairimí ===
Tá Connolly ar an eite chlé ó thaobh na polaitíochta de.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; In 2025, dúirt Connolly gurb í an deighilt idir chosmhuintir na hÉireann agus a gcuid rialtas is mó a chuir frustrachas agus fearg uirthi thar na blianta mar ionadaí poiblí, agus gur sheas sí ar son na cosmhuintire ina saol poiblí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connolly, McGuinness san iomaíocht don Uachtarántacht|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0716/1523744-connolly-mcguinness-san-iomaiocht-don-uachtarantacht/|date=2025-07-16|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Thacaigh sí leis an taobh ‘Tá’ sa dá reifreann mhóra a reáchtáladh sna 2010idí – an [[34ú leasú ar Bhunreacht na hÉireann, 2015|Comhionannas Pósta]] in 2015 agus [[Aisghairm an ochtú leasú i bPoblacht na hÉireann|Aisghairm an Ochtú Leasú]] in 2018.

Oibríonn Connolly ar chúrsaí [[Timpeallacht|timpeallachta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Tá sí i bhfabhar an córas iompar poiblí a fheabhsú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/public-transport-is-solution-to-galway-traffic-problems-say-critics-to-ring-road-proposal-827998.html|teideal=Public transport is solution to Galway traffic problems, say critics to ring road proposal|údar=Wednesday, February 14, 2018-11:30 Am|dáta=2018-02-14|language=en|work=www.irishexaminer.com|dátarochtana=2020-01-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn sí sásta seasamh misniúil a thógáil, í in aghaidh Chuarbhóthar na Gaillimhe mar shampla, mar go gcreideann sí go mba cheart córas traenach cathrach cosúil leis an Luas a chur ar fáil i nGaillimh, seachas a bheith ag mealladh níos mó carranna isteach sa chathair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/dfheadfadh-noel-thomas-teacht-aniar-aduaidh-ar-fg-i-ngaillimh-thiar-seans-go-mbeidh-an-la-le-grainne-seoige-do-ff/|teideal=Seans go mbeidh suíochán ag Gráinne Seoige agus gur idir Mairéad Farrell agus Seán Kyne a bheidh an ceann deireanach i nGaillimh Thiar|údar=Donncha Ó hÉallaithe|dáta=20 Samhain 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-11-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An tAontas Eorpach, an Meánoirthear agus neodracht na hEireann ====
Tá seasamh láidir tógtha ag Connolly i gcoinne pholasaithe an AE thar na blianta.  Mar shampla bhí Connolly i gcoinne [[Conradh Nice (2003)|Conradh Nice]] (2002/2003), agus i gcoinne [[Conradh Liospóin]] (2008/2009), mar gheall ar an nualiobrálachas a bhraith sí a bheith follasach sa Chonradh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 
[[Íomhá:President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen Addresses Joint Sitting of the Houses of the Oireachtas - 1 Dec 2022 - 52535683666.jpg|mion|220x220px|Nollaig 2022  chas Connolly le [[Ursula von der Leyen]] agus labhair léi i nGearmáinis nuair a thug von der Leyen cuairt ar Dháil Éireann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;]]
Chuir sí ina leith go raibh drochthionchar ag an AE ar [[neodracht na hÉireann]]. Tá imní léirithe aici arís is arís eile faoi mhíleatú na hEorpa. Bhí sí  i gcoinne phlean an Rialtais deireadh a chur leis an n[[Neodracht na hÉireann|Glas Triarach]]. Is Pátrún [[Gluaiseacht an Phobail|Ghluaiseacht an Phobail]] í.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.people.ie/english1.html|teideal=People's Movement Home Page|language=en|work=www.people.ie|dátarochtana=2020-01-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Thug Connolly cuairt ar an tSiria in 2018 in éineacht leis na Teachtaí Dála [[Mick Wallace]], [[Clare Daly]], agus [[Maureen O'Sullivan (polaiteoir)|Maureen O’Sullivan]]. Óna póca féin a tháinig an maoiniú don turas sin. “Ar thóir fíricí” a bhí sí, a mhaígh sí. Casadh go leor grúpaí éagsúla uirthi agus í sa tSiria – toscaireacht ó [[UNICEF]] agus bean rialta ina measc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/am-na-cinniuna-e-don-tir-a-feachtas-uachtaranachta-seolta-ag-catherine-connolly/|teideal=‘Am na cinniúna é don tír’ – a feachtas uachtaránachta seolta ag Catherine Connolly|dáta=2025-07-16|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’áitigh sí nár chas sí le haon bhall de rialtas [[Bashar al-Assad]] (a ruaigeadh as an tír in 2024) ach níor cháin sí deachtóireacht Assad agus an Rúis.

Cháin Connolly uachtarán Choimisiún na hEorpa, Ursula von der Leyen, le linn 2023-2025 mar gheall ar a seasamh i leith na [[Cogadh Iosrael-Gaza|cogaíochta i nGaza agus Iosrael]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
[[Íomhá:Catherine Connolly campaign logo 2025.png|mion|220x220px]]

== Toghchán Uachtaránachta na hÉireann 2025 ==
Sheas Connolly do thoghchán na h[[Uachtarán na hÉireann|Uachtaránachta]] in 2025, agus tacaíocht faighte aici ar dtús ó na [[Na Daonlathaithe Sóisialta (Éire)|Daonlathaigh Sóisialta]] agus [[Pobal seachas Brabús|Pobal]] [[Pobal seachas Brabús|Seachas Brabús]].  Níos déanaí thug [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Páirtí an Lucht Oibre]] agus [[Sinn Féin]] tacaíocht di.

Tá taithí mhór aici mar shíceolaí cliniciúil, mar abhcóide agus mar ionadaí poiblí a mhaígh sí, taithí a chuireann cluas le héisteacht don phobal uirthi agus a sheasfaidh léi san fheachtas.  Thuig sí, a dúirt sí, na srianta atá ar an Uachtarán labhairt amach faoi cheisteanna polaitiúla. “Tá mé ag seasamh le go mbeidh na daoine in ann a nguth a aimsiú. Tá ceisteanna móra ag dó na geirbe orainn faoi láthair – an t-athrú aeráide, an tsíocháin, agus caithfear stop a chur le normalú na cogaíochta agus na heaspa dídine. Is fadhbanna iad sin atá cruthaithe ag an duine daonna agus iad á dtiomáint ag polasaithe,” a dúirt sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;  

Bhí geallúint tugtha aici go mbeadh an Ghaeilge agus an Ghaeltacht ar cheann de “théamaí móra” na hoifige dá dtoghfaí í.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ni-fadhb-i-an-ghaeilge-is-cuid-den-reiteach-i-catherine-connolly/|teideal=FÍSEÁN: ‘Ní fadhb í an Ghaeilge, is cuid den réiteach í’ – Catherine Connolly|údar=Seán Tadhg Ó Gairbhí|dáta=24 Iúil 2025|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-07-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhunaigh grúpaí dá lucht tacaíochta grúpaí darb ainm: &quot;Gaeilgeoirí ar son Connolly&quot; toisc gurb í an t-iarrthóir is mó a sheasfadh le cearta teanga sa 21&lt;sup&gt;ú&lt;/sup&gt; haois, dar leo; &quot;Mic Léinn ar son Connolly&quot;; agus &quot;Ealaíontóirí ar son Connolly&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/gaeilgeoiri-ar-son-connolly-grupa-nua-bunaithe-le-tacu-le-hiarrthoir-neamhspleach/|teideal=‘Gaeilgeoirí ar son Connolly’ – grúpa nua bunaithe le tacú le hiarrthóir neamhspleách|dáta=11 Meán Fómhair 2025|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=12 Meán Fómhair 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair Catherine Connolly ollbhua sa toghchán.  Seachas [[An Cabhán–Muineachán (Dáilcheantar)|Cabhán-Muineachán]], toghcheantar [[Heather Humphreys]] féin (a céile comhraic), scuab Connolly léi an 42 toghcheantar eile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Catherine Connolly caithréimeach|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/1025/1540553-catherine-connolly-caithreimeach/|date=2025-10-25|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Príomhalt|Toghchán Uachtaránachta na hÉireann 2025}}

== Uachtarán na hÉireann ==
Ba é Oireachtas na Samhna 2025 i mBéal Feirste an chéad mhórócáid phoiblí ar fhreastail Connolly uirthi ó fógraíodh toradh thoghchán na huachtaránachta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-tuachtaran-tofa-ag-oireachtas-na-samhna-i-mbeal-feirste/|teideal=An tUachtarán tofa ag Oireachtas na Samhna i mBéal Feirste|údar=Maitiú Ó Coimín|dáta=29 Deireadh Fómhair 2025|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ghlac Catherine Connolly móid na hoifige ar an 11 Samhain 2025.  Ina hóráid insealbhaithe, leag sí níos mó béime ar an teanga ina óráid insealbhaithe ná mar a leag aon uachtarán eile roimpi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/la-stairiuil-i-gcaislean-bhaile-atha-cliath-ag-insealbhu-catherine-connolly/|teideal=Lá stairiúil i gCaisleán Bhaile Átha Cliath ag insealbhú Catherine Connolly|údar=Darren Ó Dubhgáin|dáta=2025-11-11|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Dúirt sí gur “tír gan teanga, tír gan anam” agus nach féidir le haon tír “a mianta, a luachanna agus a spiorad” a chur in iúl nuair a mhúchtar a teanga.  Dúirt sí gur cuireadh “anam agus spiorad” na hÉireann faoi chos nuair a cuireadh an Ghaeilge faoi chos “bíodh sin d’aon ghnó de bharr smacht na dtíoránach nó de bharr “neamhairde, neamhchúraim nó easpa tuisceana”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ligimis-don-ghaeilge-blathu-catherine-connolly-insealbhaithe-mar-an-deichiu-huachtaran-ar-eirinn/|teideal=‘Ligimis don Ghaeilge bláthú’ – Catherine Connolly insealbhaithe mar an deichiú huachtarán ar Éirinn|dáta=2025-11-11|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-11-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pearsanta ==
Is Gaillimheach go smior í agus tá sí ina cónaí sa gCladach ó 1988.  Phós Connolly Brian McEnery ​sa bhliain 1992 agus tá beirt mhac acu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Gaeilge ===

Tá Gaeilge líofa ag Connolly. Bhí sí ar dhuine de na daoine is mó a labhair Gaeilge i dTithe an Oireachtais ó toghadh í den chéad uair agus ceapadh ina Chathaoirleach í ar Choiste na Gaeilge, na Gaeltachta agus na nOileán in 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/ga/committees/32/committee-on-public-accounts/membership|teideal=Comhaltas – An Coiste um Chuntais Phoiblí – 32nd Dáil – Tithe an Oireachtais|údar=Tithe an Oireachtais|dáta=2020-01-17|language=ga|work=www.oireachtas.ie|dátarochtana=2020-01-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;“Ní raibh Gaeilge agamsa ach amháin ón scoil agus, ag pointe áirithe, bhí náire orm mar Mhéara na Gaillimhe nach raibh mo dhóthain Gaeilge agam. Thaistil mé go dtí tíortha eile agus bhí an teanga acu; dúirt mé ‘Sin é! Sin deireadh leis an náire, deireadh leis an easpa Gaeilge’. Dhírigh mé isteach ar an nGaeilge. Is féidir é a dhéanamh. Is féidir an Ghaeilge a fhoghlaim agus, de réir a chéile, d’fhoghlaim mé í agus táim fós i mbun foghlama. Rinne mé dhá chúrsa san ollscoil. Bhí an t-ádh dearg orm go raibh mé i mo chónaí sa Ghaillimh agus go raibh an ollscoil in aice liom. Rinne mé dioplóma agus ansin rinne mé cúrsa aistriúcháin.&quot;

“Is teanga álainn agus ársa í an Ghaeilge. An ceacht is mó atá foghlamtha agam ná go bhfuil an Ghaeilge iomlán difriúil ón mBéarla; sin an botún a dhéanaimid, ceapaimid go bhfuil an dá theanga mar an gcéanna agus níl siad. Is teangacha iad atá iomlán difriúil.”

“Déanaim mo dhícheall an Ghaeilge a úsáid chuile lá sa Dáil agus mo dhícheall an Ghaeilge agus an Béarla a chur ar an leibhéal céanna. Nuair a bhíonn vótaí i gceist, bainim úsáid as an nGaeilge i gcónaí. Déanaim é sin go pearsanta ach, gan dabht, tá rud éigin eile ar leibhéal eile ag teastail ón gcóras.”
... “I dtús báire, caithimid aitheantas a thabhairt don ghéarchéim atá ar siúl sna Gaeltachtaí. Bhí sé mar phribhléid agamsa a bheith i mo chathaoirleach ar an gComhchoiste Gaeilge ó 2016 ar aghaidh, anois táim i mo ghnáthbhall de. Bhí fear againn ina chléireach a raibh croí mór aige do mhuintir na nGaeltachtaí. Thaistil muid timpeall na tíre go dtí gach Gaeltacht agus an téama ceannann céanna ag teacht aníos arís agus arís: níl carthanacht uathu in aon chor, ach tacaíocht do na daoine ar an dtalamh a bhfuil smaointe iontacha acu agus níl a dhóthain tacaíochta ag teacht ón rialtas, is cuma cé acu a bhí sa rialtas. Is dócha go bhfuil cur i gcéill i gceist cuid mhór den am agus meon don charthanacht in ionad an cheist a chur ‘cén chaoi is féidir linn na Gaeltachtaí a neartú mar fhoinse don Ghaeilge?’. Sin foinse na Gaeilge agus tá an líonra cainteoirí ag laghdú an t-am ar fad. Bhí mise ag iarraidh ar Aire éigin, níl mé chun é a ainmniú, aitheantas a thabhairt don ghéarchéim. Ní féidir fadhb a réiteach gan í a aithint. Sin céim a haon. Céim a dó ná obair a dhéanamh leis na daoine ar an dtalamh. Uimhir a trí: níos mó maoinithe a thabhairt d’Údarás na Gaeltachta. Tá Údarás na Gaeltachta cosúil le Enterprise Ireland nó an IDA ach tá níos mó dualgas orthu an Gaelphobal a chothú agus an Ghaeilge a chothú freisin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.eolasmagazine.ie/leas-cheann-comhairle-catherine-connolly-td/|teideal=Leas-Cheann Comhairle Catherine Connolly TD|údar=Eolas (iris)|dáta=2020-11-05|language=ga-IE|work=Eolas Magazine|dátarochtana=2025-07-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Gaillimh Thiar (Dáilcheantar)]]

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [http://www.catherineconnolly.com Suíomh Oifigiúil]&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
* [https://twitter.com/catherinegalway?lang=en Catherine Connolly ar Twitter]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Uachtaráin na hÉireann}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Connolly, Catherine}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1957]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 32ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 33ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Comhairleoirí Áitiúla]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae na Gaillimhe]]
[[Catagóir:Teachtaí Dála mná]]
[[Catagóir:Gaillimh Thiar (Dáilcheantar)]]
[[Catagóir:Teachtaí Dála neamhspleácha]]
[[Catagóir:Gaeilgeoirí]]
[[Catagóir:Baill Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil na Gaillimhe]]
[[Catagóir:Abhcóidí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Síceolaithe Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Iarrthóirí i dtoghchán uachtaránachta na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Uachtaráin na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Leeds]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 34ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Caitríona Ní Chonghaile]]</text>
      <sha1>bbzf8s5puqirrvpcijw6lqxvdivt5ou</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>James Pattison</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74138</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331969</id>
      <parentid>997562</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:21:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Seachránaí</username>
        <id>53315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Catagóirí</comment>
      <origin>1331969</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1241" sha1="sjmgbmcm5206wdy4qy0t0nx2x3ohkli" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''James Pattison'''  ([[28 Meitheamh]] [[1886]] - [[31 Nollaig]] [[1963]]). Bhí sé ina bhall de [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]] ar dtús agus ansin [[Páirtí Náisiúnta an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Páirtí Náisiúnta an Lucht Oibre]] agus [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Páirtí an Lucht Oibre]] arís.

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Teachtaí Dála an 8ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 9ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 10ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 11ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 12ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 13ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 15ú Dáil}}

{{Síol-beath-ie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pattison, James}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1886]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1963]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 8ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 9ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 10ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 11ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 12ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 13ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 15ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)]]
[[Catagóir:Ceatharlach–Cill Chainnigh (Dáilcheantar)]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Corcaigh (cathair)]]
[[Catagóir:Fir Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Ré Victeoiriach]]</text>
      <sha1>sjmgbmcm5206wdy4qy0t0nx2x3ohkli</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Tarraingeoireacht</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>75681</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332058</id>
      <parentid>849093</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:04:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332058</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="58" sha1="fmmtq8xhsa23wk7s4dvztcb12eq8a4s" xml:space="preserve">[[Catagóir: Meáin ealaíne]]
[[Catagóir: Ceardaíocht]]</text>
      <sha1>fmmtq8xhsa23wk7s4dvztcb12eq8a4s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Ceardaíochta</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>75686</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332062</id>
      <parentid>849098</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:05:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Blanked the page</comment>
      <origin>1332062</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Gairmeacha</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>76126</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332054</id>
      <parentid>1291610</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:02:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332054</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="114" sha1="65y144aioazhdvaehccl7adhai02f3o" xml:space="preserve">[[Catagóir:Obair]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine de réir gairme]]
[[Catagóir:Domhan na hoibre]]</text>
      <sha1>65y144aioazhdvaehccl7adhai02f3o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Séamus Pattison</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84883</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331970</id>
      <parentid>1097214</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:33:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Seachránaí</username>
        <id>53315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Catagóirí</comment>
      <origin>1331970</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1648" sha1="8ecq2mg9pt7lo5nwwcv3ql42eutbwe9" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Polaiteoir [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Séamus Patrick Pattison'''  (19 Aibreán 1936 – 4 Feabhra 2018). Bhí sé ina bhall de [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)|Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]]. Chaith sé am ina Cheann Comhairle.

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Teachtaí Dála an 17ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 18ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 19ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 20ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 21ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 22ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 23ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 24ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 25ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 26ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 27ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 28ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 29ú Dáil}}

{{Síol-beath-ie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pattison, Seamus}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1936]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2018]]
[[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 17ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 18ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 19ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 20ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 21ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 22ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 23ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 24ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 25ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 26ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 27ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 28ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 29ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre (Éire)]]
[[Catagóir:Ceatharlach–Cill Chainnigh (Dáilcheantar)]]
[[Catagóir:Cinn Chomhairle]]
[[Catagóir:Comhairleoirí Áitiúla]]
[[Catagóir:Feisirí de Pharlaimint na hEorpa as Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Fir Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Méaraí Éireannacha]]</text>
      <sha1>8ecq2mg9pt7lo5nwwcv3ql42eutbwe9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ciara Mageean</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>85273</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332104</id>
      <parentid>1331913</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T10:14:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332104</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7851" sha1="ld07y3cc71t76havbhhzdi8y1chh4ua" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Ba reathaí meánraoin as [[Contae an Dúin]] í '''Ciara Mageean''' (12 Márta 1992 - 1 Samhain 2026).&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/ireland/ciara-mageean-14275665|teideal=Ciara MAGEEAN {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|work=www.worldathletics.org|dátarochtana=2022-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bhí Ciara Mageean ag Cluichí Oilimpeacha Rio 2016 agus Tóiceo 2020 agus shaothraigh sí iliomad curiarrachtaí náisiúnta san 800m, an 1500m agus an Míle.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
[[Íomhá:2019 European Cross Country Championships 01.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|2019:  Comórtais Reatha Trastíre ]]
[[Íomhá:Irish middle distance runner Ciara Mageean in 2020.jpg|clé|mion|2020|330x330px]]
[[Íomhá:2022-08-19 European Championships 2022 – Women's 1500 Metres by Sandro Halank–025.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Munich in 2022]]
[[Íomhá:2022-08-19 European Championships 2022 – Women's 1500 Metres by Sandro Halank–002.jpg|clé|mion|229x229px]]
[[Íomhá:EC 2024 - 1500 m W.jpg|clé|mion|2024: 1500 m  agus Elise Vanderelst, Ludovica Cavalli, &amp; Petronela Simiuc chun tosaigh|220x220px]]

== Gairm ==
Ba mhinic Ciara ag trácht ar an leas a rinne a cuid traenála lena club áitiúil sa [[Camógaíocht|chamógaíocht]] di agus í ag tabhairt aghaidh ar dhúshláin na rásaíochta.

Tháinig Mageean sa 11ú háit sa 1500 m ag na [[Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 2016]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/36776281|teideal=Four NI athletes on Ireland's Rio team|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2022-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ar an 10 Iúil 2016, bhuaigh sí bonn cré-umha sa rás 1500m ag Craobhchomórtas Lúthchleasaíochta na hEorpa 2016, a bhí ar siúl in [[Amstardam]], An Ísiltír.

Ar an 3 Márta 2019, bhuaigh sí bonn cré-umha sa rás 1500m ag Craobhchomórtas Lúthchleasaíochta Laistigh na hEorpa 2019, a bhí ar siúl i n[[Glaschú]], Albain.

Bhí Craobhacha na hEorpa sa lúthchleasaíocht ar siúl i München mí Lúnasa 2022 agus bhuaigh Mageean bonn airgid sa rás 1,500m.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/o-katie-go-corn-an-domhain-scoth-na-bpictiur-o-sharbhliain-do-bhanlaochra-spoirt/|teideal=Ó Katie go Corn an Domhain – scoth na bpictiúr ó shárbhliain do bhanlaochra spóirt|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-12-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rith sí ar son Thuaisceart Éireann ag [[Cluichí an Chomhlathais 2022|Cluichí an Chomhlathais]] agus shaothraigh sí bonn airgid i mBirmingham i 2022.

Sa bhliain 2023, bhí dóchas ollmhór ag Mageean bonn a thabhairt abhaile ón [[Craobhchomórtais Lúthchleasaíochta an Domhain, 2023|Chraobhchomórtais Lúthchleasaíochta an Domhain, 2023]]. Ach tháinig sí isteach sa 4ú háit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22291100/|teideal=Tús Áite: Scéaltaí Spóirt|údar=RnaG|dáta=2023|language=ga-IE|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2023-08-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2024'''

Bhuaigh Mageean an bonn óir sa rás 1,500 méadar i g[[Craobhchomórtais Lúthchleasaíochta na hEorpa 2024|Craobh Lúthchleasaíochta na hEorpa 2024]] sa Róimh. Agus í ag déanamh ar an líne, bhí Mageean sáinnithe idir triúr, Georgia Bell agus Jemma Reekie na Breataine agus Agathe Guillemot na Fraince. Chonaic Mageean bearna bheag agus bhris sí tríthi. Bhí an chuma uirthi ar feadh soicind go raibh sí chun gualainn a thabhairt don bheirt Bhriotanach ach d’éalaigh sí tharstu gan teagmháil a dhéanamh leo agus d’fhág ina diaidh an chuid eile agus bhí an bonn óir buaite ag Mageean. Agus í ag labhairt le RTÉ díreach i ndiaidh na rása, dúirt Mageean go raibh baint mhór ag an gcúlra atá aici sa [[Camógaíocht|chamógaíocht]] leis an mbua agus í tar éis gearradh tríd mar a dhéanfadh sí ar pháirc na himeartha sa bhaile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/adeleke-agus-mageean-ag-prapail-do-pharas-cill-chainnigh-agus-luimneach-dosharaithe-aris/|teideal=Adeleke agus Mageean ag prapáil do Pháras, Cill Chainnigh agus Luimneach dosháraithe arís|údar=Pádraic Ó Ciardha|dáta=12 Meitheamh 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba le Ciara Mageean a bhain an briseadh croí ba mhó de na lúthchleasaithe Éireannacha ar fad a chuaigh go Páras agus [[Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 2024]].  An oíche sular thosaigh iomaíocht Oilimpeach 1500m na mban d’fhág gortú achilles a bhí ag dul di le fada nach raibh de rogha aici ach a fhógairt go raibh sí ag tarraingt as.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/seacht-mbonn-15-sport-134-laoch/|teideal=Seacht mbonn, 15 spórt, 134 laoch…|údar=Mártan Ó Ciardha|dáta=22 Nollaig 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-12-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saol pearsanta ==
Rugadh Mageean i b[[Port an Pheire]], [[Contae an Dúin]].

Rinne sí staidéar sa [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste Ollscoile BÁC]] agus fuair sí céim san [[fisiteiripe|fhisiteiripe]] in 2017.

Ar 4 Iúil 2025, d'fhógair Mageean go raibh ailse uirthi agus thosaigh sí cóir leighis &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/articles/c70r63pp1xjo|teideal=Ciara Mageean: European champion and two-time Olympian diagnosed with cancer|dáta=2025-07-04|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2025-07-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I mí an Mheithimh 2026, d'fhoilsigh sí gurbh ailse phutóige í agus bhí sí ag céim 4.  Is mór a chuaigh a misneach agus a macántacht faoin easláinte agus an chóir leighis i bhfeidhm ar an bpobal agus chuidigh an t-ionracas sin agus a feachtas aird a dhíriú ar a thábhachtaí agus atá sé comhairle leighis a lorg i gcónaí agus gan tástálacha sláinte a chur ar an méar fhada.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; 

Scríobh Mageean leabhar faoin dúshlán sláinte sin faoin teideal ''My'' ''Greatest'' ''Race'' agus í tiomanta ag an am céanna gach braon suilt a d’fhéad sí a bhaint as an saol agus gan aon taithí nua saoil a scaoileadh thairsti. 

Phós sí a páirtí fadtéarmach, Thomas Moran, ag [[Halla na Cathrach, Béal Feirste]] ar 13 Deireadh Fómhair 2026.   Bhí féile acu i nDarver Castle, Contae Lú, ar an 25 Deireadh Fómhair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishstar.com/sport/other-sports/gallery/irish-olympian-ciara-mageean-wedding-37816404|teideal=Olympian Ciara Mageean ties knot in dream castle wedding after cancer diagnosis|údar=Eamon Doggett, Laura Colgan|dáta=2026-10-27|language=en|work=Irish Star|dátarochtana=2026-11-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair sí bás ar 1 Samhain 2026; bhí sí 34 bliana d'aois &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Irish Olympian and European champion Ciara Mageean dies|url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/athletics/2026/1101/1597514-irish-olympian-and-european-champion-ciara-mageean-dies/|date=2026-11-01|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Reáchtáladh a tórramh ar 3 Samhain 2026 ina baile dúchais, Port an Pheire, agus d'fhreastail a lán daoine air. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ciara Mageean - Loinnir sa Dorchadas|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/1103/1597834-ciara-mageean-loinnir-sa-dorchadas/|date=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/leirigh-si-an-chuid-ab-fhearr-dinn-slua-mor-ag-sochraid-ciara-mageean-ina-baile-duchais/|teideal=‘Léirigh sí an chuid ab fhearr dínn’ – slua mór ag sochraid Ciara Mageean ina baile dúchais|dáta=2026-11-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Rhasidat Adeleke]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mageean, Ciara}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae an Dúin]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1992]]
[[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Reathaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Lúthchleasaithe Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna de bharr ailse in Éirinn]]</text>
      <sha1>ld07y3cc71t76havbhhzdi8y1chh4ua</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Keelin Shanley</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>85733</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332042</id>
      <parentid>1242720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:53:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nasc curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332042</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9130" sha1="6zvp2ik9m90dy16izg8koxkze916dd9" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

B'[[iriseoir]], láithreoir nuachta, agus láithreoir teilifíse Éireannach le [[RTÉ]] í '''Caoilfhionn (Keelin) Shanley-Ferguson''', ar a dtugtar '''Keelin Shanley''' (24 Lúnasa 1968 - 8 Feabhra 2020)&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://rip.ie/death-notice/caoilfhionn-keelin-shanley-ferguson-dun-laoghaire-dublin/413150|teideal=Death Notice of Caoilfhionn (Keelin) Shanley-Ferguson|language=en|work=rip.ie|dátarochtana=2020-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Saol a hÓige ==
Rugadh í ar an 24 Lúnasa 1968 sna [[Na Clocha Liatha|Clocha Liatha]], [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]]; an páiste is sine sa theaghlach&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/keelin-shanley-obituary-an-accidental-journalist-known-for-her-curiosity-empathy-and-versatility-1.4166936|teideal=Keelin Shanley obituary: An ‘accidental journalist’ known for her curiosity, empathy and versatility|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2020-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bhog a theaghlach go dtí [[Baile na Manach]] i [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath|gContae Bhaile Átha Cliath]] agus í deich mbliana d'aois&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=RTÉ broadcaster Keelin Shanley dies following illness|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2020/0208/1114020-keelin-shanley/|date=2020-02-08|language=en|author=Sinéad Crowley}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/keelin-shanley-funeral-to-take-place-on-wednesday-in-dublin-1.4168935|teideal=Keelin Shanley funeral to take place on Wednesday in Dublin|údar=Sorcha Pollak|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2020-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Fisiteiripe]]oir ab ea a máthair Orna Shanley (née MacMahon), a chailleadh i 2006&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Bhí a athair, an tOllamh Derry Shanley, ina nDéan an Ospidéal Deadach Ollscoile Átha Cliath, agus ina nDéan an [[Leigheas]] i [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath|gColáiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

Bhain sí amach céim [[Bithcheimic|Bhithcheimic]] ó Choláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath. Sna 1980idí, bhog sí go dtí [[an Iodáil]] agus d'oibrigh sí mar chúntóir taighde i Scoil na [[Cógaseolaíocht|Chógaseolaíochta]] in Ollscoil an [[Bologna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Chaith sí bliain amháin i [[Barcelona]], agus i Bologna arís sna 1990idí, bhunaigh sí gnó foilsitheoireacht deisce agus aistriúchán lena cara&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

== Gairm ==
D'fhill sí go hÉirinn i 1993 agus d'oibrigh sí i gColáiste na Tríonóide in aonad [[físeán]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Thosaigh sí ag scríobh léirmheasanna [[scannán]] ar an gclár RTÉ 12.2.1, agus rinne sí tuairiscí don chlár [[cultúr]] ''Four by Fifteen'' ar Raidió 1. I 1995 agus 1996, bhí sí ar an gclár ealaíona, ''Black Box'' ar Network 2 (RTÉ2 anois)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Chuireadh í roinnt cláir [[eolaíocht]] agus [[teicneolaíocht]] i láthair i RTÉ ó dheireadh na nóchaidí&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;.

D'oibrigh sí mar thuairisceoir agus láithreoir ar an bpríomhchlár teilifíse i [[Cúrsaí reatha|gcúrsaí reatha]], ''Prime Time'', ar feadh níos mó ná deich mbliana. Thóg sí sos ó ''Prime Time'' ar feadh dhá bhliain i 2001, agus bhog sí go [[Páras]] lena fear céile, ag obair mar thuairisceoir nuachta ar Raidió Idirnáisiúnta na [[An Fhrainc|Fraince]] agus ar [[CNN]] World Report&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Ar ais in RTÉ, chuireadh í cláir speisialta i láthair, ar an gCáinaisnéis agus ar thoghchán san áireamh. Rinneadh í roinnt cláir faisnéise ar a bhronnadh gradaim agus d'oibrigh sí ar ábhar ar nós [[easpa dídine]], drugaí, bochtaineacht, agus díbirt&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/a-smile-that-could-light-up-a-room-tributes-as-rtes-keelin-shanley-dies-after-illness-38938776.html|teideal='A smile that could light up a room' - tributes as RTÉ's Keelin Shanley dies after illness|language=en|work=independent|dátarochtana=2020-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I 2006, rinne sí clár tábhachtach ar gháinneáil ar ghnéas&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/exposed-dublin-role-in-eu-prostitution-traffic-bhdfgz9dz9q|teideal=Exposed: Dublin role in EU prostitution traffic|údar=Jan Battles|language=en|dátarochtana=2020-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Thug sí thuairiscí ó roinnt tíortha ar nós [[Uganda]] agus [[Liberia]] sa tsraith ''Far Away Up Close''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;. Chuireadh í cláir theilifíse i láthair ar nós ''Crimecall, Morning Edition,'' agus ''The Irish Book Awards.'' Bhí sí ina láithreoir ar ''The Consumer Show''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;''.'' D'oibrigh sí ar roinnt cláir raidió, ''Morning Ireland, News at One,'' ''Late Debate'' agus ''Today with [[Sean O'Rourke]]'' san áireamh&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;.

Ó mí Eanáir 2018 go dtí a bhás i mí Feabhra 2020, chuireadh í an príomhchlár nuachta ''[[RTÉ News: Six One]]'' i láthair ar RTÉ 1. Bhí sí ina príomhláithreoir in éineacht le [[Caitríona Perry]], an chéad uair a chuireadh beirt mná an chlár i láthair&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Duaiseanna ==
Bronnadh 3 gradaim [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] uirthi ar a dtuairiscí ar ''Prime Time/Prime Time Investigates''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. I 2003, ainmníodh í ar Dhuais IFTA sa chatagóir Cúrsaí Reatha/Nuachta is Fearr ar an ghnéchlár ''Saturday Night/Sunday Morning''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1525015/|teideal=Keelin Shanley|work=IMDb|dátarochtana=2020-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I 2004, bhuaigh sí Duais IFTA sa chatagóir chéanna, lena chomhghleacaí Janet Traynor, ar ghnéchlár faoi mhíchumas intleachta, agus ainmnigh í sa chatagóir chéanna don ghnéchlár ''Ireland's Teenage Criminals''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.iftn.ie/?act1=record&amp;only=1&amp;aid=73&amp;rid=914&amp;tpl=archnews&amp;force=1|teideal=Prime Time Scoops Law Society Media Awards {{!}} The Irish Film &amp; Television Network|work=www.iftn.ie|dátarochtana=2020-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.iftn.ie/news/?act1=record&amp;aid=73&amp;rid=4285661&amp;tpl=archnews&amp;force=1|teideal=Keelin Shanley To Present New RTÉ Morning News Programme {{!}} The Irish Film &amp; Television Network|work=www.iftn.ie|dátarochtana=2020-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;. I 2009, bhí Shanley ar an fhoireann a bhuaigh IFTA don ghnéchlár ''Cocaine - Prime Time Investigates''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ifta.ie/awards/iftawinners2009.html|teideal=Winners 2009 {{!}} IFTA {{!}} Irish Film &amp; Television Academy {{!}} Irish Film &amp; Television Awards|work=www.ifta.ie|dátarochtana=2020-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

I 2000, bhuaigh sí duais sa chatagóir ''TV Campaigning &amp; Social Issues'' sna ''[[Bord Soláthair an Leictreachais|ESB]] National Media Awards'' lena chomhghleacaí Fiona Gough&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/winners-of-media-awards-1.1113345|teideal=Winners of media awards|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2020-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bhuaigh sí Gradam ''Justice Media'' chomh maith&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;. I 2002, bronnadh an t-uachtarán [[Máire Mhic Giolla Íosa]] an chéad Ghradam Radharc uirthi mar gheall ar a thuairisc ''Complex Problems: St Teresa's Gardens'', faoi bhochtaineacht sóisialta i mBaile Átha Cliath&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.  

== Saol Pearsanta ==
Pósadh í sa bhliain 2000. Bhí sí ina chónaí i [[Portobello (Baile Átha Cliath)|Portobello]], agus níos déanaí i [[Dún Laoghaire|nDún Laoghaire]] lena theaghlach&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Bhí sí ina hambasadóir ag an gcarthanas, [[Fiobróis chisteach|Fiobróis Chisteach]] Éireann&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cfireland.ie/about-cf/latest-news/cfi-statement-on-the-passing-of-keelin-shanley|teideal=CFI Statement on the passing of Keelin Shanley {{!}} Cystic Fibrosis|work=www.cfireland.ie|dátarochtana=2020-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

I 2011, diagnóisíodh don chéad uair go raibh [[ailse]] uirthi. Labhair sí faoina tinneas ar an gclár cainte [[The Late Late Show|''The Late Late Show'']] i 2013, chun daoine a chur ar eolas faoin Chumann Ailse na hÉireann&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rsvplive.ie/news/celebs/rtes-keelin-shanley-opens-up-21457755|teideal=RTE'S Keelin Shanley opens up about cancer diagnosis in moving interview|údar=Clara Kelly|dáta=2020-02-08|work=rsvp|dátarochtana=2020-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Fuair sí bás ar an 8ú Feabhra 2020. D'fhág sí a fear céile agus a bheirt clainne ina diaidh. Bhí sí 51 bliana d'aois nuair a chailleadh í&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/i-have-had-a-wonderful-life-keelin-shanley-remembered-at-funeral-1.4171605|teideal=‘I have had a wonderful life’: Keelin Shanley remembered at funeral|údar=Simon Carswell|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2020-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;.{{Daoine Nuacht agus Cúrsaí Reatha RTÉ}}

== Tagairtí ==

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shanley, Keelin}}
[[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1968]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2020]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Choláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath]]</text>
      <sha1>6zvp2ik9m90dy16izg8koxkze916dd9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ruth Negga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>88963</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332059</id>
      <parentid>1313557</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:04:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Mionathruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332059</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20172" sha1="8chtx6ioz8xz8q7ea3jykkn69yd61wf" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Is aisteoir [[An Aetóip|Aetópach]]-[[Éire]]annach í '''Ruth Negga''' (/ˈneɪɡə/; a rugadh ar an 7 Eanáir 1982)&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/person/ruth-negga|teideal=Ruth Negga|language=en|work=www.goldenglobes.com|dátarochtana=2019-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tá rólanna glactha aici sna scannáin ''Capital Letters'' (2004) (a scaoileadh mar ''Trafficked'' i roinnt tíortha), ''[[Isolation]]'' (2005), ''[[Breakfast on Pluto (scannán)|Breakfast on Pluto]]'' (2005) agus ''Warcraft'' (2016), &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/oscars-2017-ruth-negga-nominated-for-best-actress-award-1.2949162|teideal=Oscars 2017: Ruth Negga nominated for best actress award|údar=Donald Clarke|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2019-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus ar teilifís chomh maith, mar shampla ar an mion-sraith [[Criminal Justice]] de chuid an [[BBC]], ''Love/Hate ó'' [[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]], ''[[Misfits]]'' de chuid [[E4]], agus ''[[Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.|Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D]]'' ar [[ABC]]. Ghlac sí an príomhról mar Tulip O' Hare i ''Preacher'' ar [[AMC]] sa bhliain 2016.

Mar gheall ar a cuid oibre mar Mildred Loving sa scannán ''Loving'' (2016), ainmníodh Negga do na duaiseanna seo a leanas: [[Academy Award for Best Actress]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress]] agus bhuaigh sí gradam Irish Film and Television Award ([[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]]) don Aisteoir is Fearr, chomh maith leis an ngradam BAFTA Rising Star Award.

== Saol a hóige agus oideachas ==
Rugadh Negga i 1982 in [[Adas Ababa]], [[an Aetóip]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://southafrica-info.com/africa-from-a-to-z-fast-facts-55-states/|teideal=Africa from A to Z: Fast facts on the 55 states - South Africa Gateway|dáta=2017-12-12|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2019-03-14|archivedate=2017-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212084450/https://southafrica-info.com/africa-from-a-to-z-fast-facts-55-states/}}&lt;/ref&gt; b'Éireannach í a mháthair, Norra, agus b'Aetópach é a hathair, an Dr. Negga. Bhuail a tuismitheoirí le chéile nuair a bhí a mháthair ag obair mar altra san Aetóip.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/home/207986/-Always-a-star-in-the.html|teideal='Always a star in the family': Ruth's Oscar bid|work=www.limerickleader.ie|dátarochtana=2019-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí cónaí ar Negga sa tír sin go dtí go raibh sí ceithre bliana d'aois. Is páiste aonair í. Fuair a hathair bás mar gheall ar thimpiste ghluaisteáin nuair a bhí sí seacht.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.cafebabel.com/eng/article/18984/ruth-negga-a-star-without-a-label.html|teideal=Ruth Negga, a star without a label - the European magazine ~ Cafebabel|dáta=2009-05-29|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2019-03-14|archivedate=2009-05-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529132154/http://www.cafebabel.com/eng/article/18984/ruth-negga-a-star-without-a-label.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tógadh i [[Luimneach]], Éire í, anois tá cónaí uirthi i Londain ó 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|teideal=Rising star: Ruth Negga, actor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2006/jan/08/features.magazine27|work=The Observer|dáta=2006-01-08|dátarochtana=2019-03-14|language=en-GB|údar=Phil Hoad}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Alan Owens, [http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/spop201.pdf &quot;Ruth réalta ar an ardú le BBC&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106043431/http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/spop201.pdf |date=2014-01-06 }}, ''Limerick Leader'', 20 Lúnasa 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Rinne Negga staidéar ag Ionad Samuel Beckett ag [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cineuropa.org/es/interview/62022/|teideal=Ruth Negga • Actriz|language=es|work=Cineuropa - lo mejor del cine europeo|dátarochtana=2019-03-15}}{{Dead link|date=Meitheamh 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; áit a bhain sí céim BA i Staidéar Aisteoireachta amach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/06_june/02/pas.shtml|teideal=BBC - Press Office - P.A.s cast have Secs Appeal on BBC Three|work=www.bbc.co.uk|dátarochtana=2019-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== A gairm proifisiúnta ==
Rinne Negga a céad ról ar scáileán sa scannán Éireannaigh ''Capital Letters'' (2004), ag glacadh an phríomhróil mar Taiwo. Ghlac sí an phríomhróil mar Mary i ''Isolation'' an bhliain dár gcionn. Roimhe seo, bhí sí ag obair den chuid is mó san amharclann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cineuropa1&quot;&gt;[http://www.cineuropa.org/interview.aspx?documentID=62022 Cineuropa – Agallaimh – Ruth Negga, Aisteoir]. Cineuropa.org.&lt;/ref&gt; Tar éis do aisteoireacht Negga a fheiceáil, d’athraigh an stiúrthóir Neil Jordan an script ''Breakfast on Pluto'' ionas go bhféadfadh sí a bheith sa scannán.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/how-oscartipped-ruth-neggas-star-has-finally-ascended--34730596.html|teideal=How Oscar-tipped Ruth Negga's star has finally ascended...|language=en|work=Independent.ie|dátarochtana=2019-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ina theannta sin, ba phríomhaisteoir í sa scannán ''Color Me Kubrick'' (2005), le John Malkovich, agus sna gearrscannáin ''The Four Horsemen'', ''3-Minute 4-Play'' agus ''Stars'' .  

[[Íomhá:Ruth_Negga_cropped.jpg|deas|mion|Negga ag Féile Cannes i 2016]]
Ar an teilifís ghlac Negga páirt in ''Dochtúirí'', [[Criminal Justice]] agus sa tsraith Éireannaigh ''Love is the Drug.'' Ghlac sí an phríomhróil mar Doris &quot;Sid&quot; Siddiqi sa tsraith [[BBC Three]] ''[[Personal Affairs]]'', in éineacht le Laura Aikman, Annabel Scholey agus Maimie McCoy.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCPress1&quot;&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/06_june/02/pas.shtml &quot;P. A. s caitheadh tá Ailt Achomharc a dhéanamh ar BBC Trí&quot;]. BBC Oifig Phreas. 2 meitheamh 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh Nessa an charactair Rosie sa chéad dá sraith de ''[[Love/Hate]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Rinne Negga páirt Dame [[Shirley Bassey]] i léiriú an BBC darb ainm ''Shirley'' sa bhliain 2011 agus bhuaigh sí gradam an [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] Aisteoir is Fearr (Teilifís) as a cuid oibre. Ina measc a saothar amharclainne tá a cuid róil in ''Lacha'', in''Titus Andronicus'' agus in ''Lay Me Down Softly''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.nt-online.org/47658/company-members/ruth-negga.html|teideal=National Theatre : Company Members : Ruth Negga|dáta=2009-05-29|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2019-03-15|archivedate=2009-05-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529035836/http://www.nt-online.org/47658/company-members/ruth-negga.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó 2007 amach, thosaigh sí ag obair leis an ngrúpa amharclainne Éireannaigh Pan Pan Theatre. Sa bhliain 2010, rinne sí páirt Ophelia sa léiriú ''[[Hamlet]] san'' Amharclann Náisiúnta. Chomh maith leis sin, chuir sí a guth ar fáil san fhíschluiche, ''Dark Souls II'', le haghaigh an róil Shanalotte, nó an &quot;Emerald Herald&quot; mar is fearr aithne uirthi.

Sa bhliain 2013, fógraíodh go raibh Negga curtha in áirithe le haghaidh ról reatha mar Raina sa tsraith theilifíse Meiriceánach ''Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D.''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://deadline.com/2013/09/jere-burns-upped-on-justified-michael-rispoli-ruth-negga-danielle-nicolet-in-arcs-589797/|teideal=Jere Burns Upped On ‘Justified’, Michael Rispoli, Ruth Negga, Danielle Nicolet In Arcs|údar=Nellie Andreeva, Nellie Andreeva|dáta=2013-09-18|language=en|work=Deadline|dátarochtana=2019-03-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://marvel.com/news/story/21277/declassifying_marvels_agents_of_shield_ep_105_girl_in_the_flower_dress|teideal=Declassifying Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Ep. 105: Girl in the Flower Dress {{!}} Avengers {{!}} News {{!}} Marvel.com|dáta=2013-10-13|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2019-03-15|archivedate=2013-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013060738/http://marvel.com/news/story/21277/declassifying_marvels_agents_of_shield_ep_105_girl_in_the_flower_dress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sí le feiceáil i 17 eipeasóid an chláir.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ghlac sí páirt sa scannánSteve McQueen ''12 Years a Slave'' a bhuaigh gradaim [[Oscar]], ach faoi dheireadh gearraíodh a ról as an scannán.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/negga-s-loving-performance-already-generating-oscar-buzz-1.2650022|teideal=Negga’s ‘Loving’ performance already generating Oscar buzz|údar=Donald Clarke Cannes|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2019-03-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; I mí Márta 2015, fuair Negga an ról Tulip O'Hare sa tsraith drámaíochta ''Preacher'' de chuid [[AMC]], a bhí ar an scáileán an bhliain ina dhiaidh sin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3336588/first-casting-announcement-amcs-preacher/|teideal=First Casting Announcement for AMC’s “Preacher”!|údar=Patrick Cooper|dáta=2015-03-18|language=en-US|work=Bloody Disgusting!|dátarochtana=2019-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2016, ghlac Negga an phríomhróil in ''[[Loving]]'', a léiríodh den chéad uair i [[Féile Scannánaíochta Cannes|bhFéile Scannánaíochta Cannes]] 2016 agus ina dhiaidh sin ag Féile Scannánaíochta Idirnáisiúnta Toronto.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/movies/2016/11/10/ruth-negga-portrays-civil-rights-activist-mildred-loving.html &quot;Ruth Negga portrays civil rights activist Mildred Loving&quot;]. ''Toronto Star'', 10 Mí na Samhna 2016, lth. E1.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an scannán bunaithe ar fíorscéal na Lovings, lánúin pósta idirchiníoch i Virginia i rith na 1950idí agus na 1960idí, agus an cinneadh Supreme Court ''[[Loving v. Virginia]]'' mar thoradh a gcaidrimh. Fuair Negga ardmholadh le haghaidh a cuid oibre sa scannán seo,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/bheadh-oscar-tuillte-go-maith-ag-ruth-negga/|teideal=Bheadh Oscar tuillte go maith ag Ruth Negga|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2019-03-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;agus thuill sí go leor ainmniúcháin, lena n-áirítear ''the Academy Award for Best Actress'', ''the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama'', agus ''the BAFTA Rising Star Award''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|teideal=Oscar nominations 2017: the full list|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/jan/24/oscars-2017-full-list-of-nominations-awards-movies|work=The Guardian|dáta=2017-01-24|dátarochtana=2019-03-15|language=en-GB|údar=Guardian film}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/movie-news/ruth-negga-continues-her-successful-award-season-run-with-yet-another-honour-35426955.html|teideal=Ruth Negga continues her successful award season run with yet another honour|language=en|work=Independent.ie|dátarochtana=2019-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saol pearsanta ==
Bhí Negga i gcaidreamh leis an aisteoir Dominic Cooper ó 2010. Bhí an bheirt acu ina gcónaí le chéile i Londain ar [[Primrose Hill|Chnoc Primrose]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/style/celebrity/celebrity-news/irish-actress-ruth-negga-and-dominic-cooper-make-rare-public-appearance-at-warcraft-premiere-34783050.html|teideal=Irish actress Ruth Negga and Dominic Cooper make rare public appearance at Warcraft premiere|language=en|work=Independent.ie|dátarochtana=2019-03-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí siad ag siúl amach ar feadh sé bliana; ach chuir Negga in iúl gur thóg lucht an preas cúpla blianta chun foghlaim go raibh deireadh leis an gcaidreamh, leis an gcéad tuairisc i mí Aibreáin 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/dominic-cooper-ruth-negga-split-after-8-years-of-dating/|teideal=Dominic Cooper, Ruth Negga Split After 8 Years Together|dáta=2018-04-05|language=en-US|work=Us Weekly|dátarochtana=2019-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/entertainment/people/ruth-negga-diversity-dominic-cooper-610595|teideal=Ruth Negga Talks Diversity, Hamlet And Her Split From Dominic Cooper|údar=Marie Claire|dáta=2018-08-08|language=en-US|work=Marie Claire|dátarochtana=2019-03-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá Negga ag obair os coinne Cooper sa tsraith ''Preacher'' ar AMC, ina bhfuil léiríonn siad lánúin, agus dúirt sí gur dlúthchairde iad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Dráma ==

* ''Duck'' (mar Cat): Traverse Theatre, Dún Éideann (2003)
* ''Phèdre'' (mar Aricia): Amharclann Náisiúnta Ríoga, Londain (2009)
* ''Hamlet'' (mar Ophelia): Amharclann Náisiúnta Ríoga, Londain (2010/11)
* ''Playboy of the Western World'' (mar Pegeen Mike): [[Amharclann Old Vic]], Londain (2011)
* ''Hamlet'' (mar Hamlet): Gate Theatre, Baile Átha Cliath (2018)

== Scannánliosta ==

=== Scannán ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bliain
!Teideal
!Ról
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Nótaí
|-
|2004
|''Capital Letters''
|Taiwo
|
|-
|2005
|''[[Breakfast on Pluto (scannán)|Breakfast on Pluto]]''
|Charlie
|
|-
|2005
|''Isolation''
|Mary
|
|-
|2005
|''Colour Me Kubrick''
|Lolita
|
|-
|2012
|''The Samaritan''
|Iris
|
|-
|2013
|''World War Z''
|[[Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Sláinte|WHO]] doctor
|
|-
|2013
|''12 Years a Slave''
|Celeste
|Radharc ar lár&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2013
|''Jimi: All Is by My Side''
|Ida
|
|-
|2014
|''Noble''
|Joan
|
|-
|2014
|''Of Mind and Music''
|Jessica
|
|-
|2015
|''Iona''
|Iona
|
|-
|-
|2016
|''Loving''
|Mildred Loving
|
|-
|2016
|''Warcraft''
|Queen Taria
|
|-
|2019
|''Ad Astra''
|
|
|}

=== Teilifís ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bliain
!Teideal
!Ról
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Nótaí
|-
|2004
|''Doctors''
|Wanda Harrison
|Eipeasóid: &quot;The Replacement&quot;
|-
|2004
|''Love is the Drug''
|Lisa Sheerin
|4 eipeasóid
|-
|2008
|''Criminal Justice''
|Melanie Lloyd
|Príomhróil (sraith 1)
|-
|2009
|''Personal Affairs''
|Doris &quot;Sid&quot; Siddiqi
|Príomhróil
|-
|2010
|''Five Daughters''
|Rochelle
|Mionsraith teilifíse
|-
|2010–2011
|''Love/Hate''
|Rosie
|Príomhróil (sraith 1-2)
|-
|2010
|''[[Misfits]]''
|Nikki
|Ról reatha (sraith 2)
|-
|2010
|''The Nativity''
|Leah
|Príomhról
|-
|2011
|''Shirley''
|[[Shirley Bassey]]
|Scannán teilifíse
|-
|2012
|''Secret State''
|Agnes Evans
|Mionsraith teilifíse
|-
|2013–2015,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2018
|''Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.''
|Raina
|Ról reatha (sraith 1-2)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aoiróil (sraith 5)
|-
|2016–2019
|''Preacher''
|Tulip O'Hare
|Príomhróil&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;léiritheoir feidhmiúcháin freisin
|}

=== Físchluichí ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bliain
!Teideal
!Ról
|-
|2014
|''Dark Souls II''
|Shanalotte (Emerald Herald)
|-
|}

== Duaiseanna agus ainmniúcháin ==
Bhí Nega ainmnithe mar an Most Promising Newcomer 2003 ag na gradaim Olivier.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Bhí sí roghnaithe mar '''Shooting Star''' na hÉireann sa bhliain 2006 ag Féile Scannánaíochta Bheirlín.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cineuropa1&quot;/&gt; Fuair sí go leor gradaim le haghaidh a ról mar Mildred Loving sa scannán ''Loving'', lena n-áirítear Academy Award, Critic's Choice, agus ainmnúcháin Golden Globe Award le haghaidh Best Actress.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bliain
!Association
!Categóir
!Saothar
!Tortha
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2005
|Irish Film &amp;amp; Television Academy
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Film
|''[[Breakfast on Pluto (scannán)|Breakfast on Pluto]]''
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|Irish Film &amp; Television Academy
|Best Actress in a Lead Role – Film
|''Isolation''
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|2011
|Irish Film &amp; Television Academy
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Television
|''Love/Hate''
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2012
|Irish Film &amp; Television Academy
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Television
|''[[Misfits]]''
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|Irish Film &amp; Television Academy
|Best Actress in a Lead Role – Television
|''Shirley''
|style=&quot;background: #AE8; color: black;&quot; |Buaite
|- 
|Royal Television Society
|RTS Television Award for Best Actor (Female)&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://rts.org.uk/award/rts-programme-awards-2012|teideal=RTS Programme Awards 2012|dáta=2012-09-05|language=en|work=Royal Television Society|dátarochtana=2019-03-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|''Shirley''
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|- 
|Irish Film &amp; Television Academy
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Television
|''Secret State''
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|British Academy Scotland Awards
|Best Actress in Film
|''Iona''
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-  
|London Film Critics Circle Awards
|British/Irish Actress of the Year
|''Loving'' and ''Iona''
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
| rowspan=&quot;27&quot; |2016
|New York Film Critics Online
|Best Breakthrough Performer
| rowspan=&quot;25&quot; |''Loving''
|style=&quot;background: #AE8; color: black;&quot; |Buaite
|-
|African-American Film Critics Association
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #AE8; color: black;&quot; |Buaite
|-
|Alliance of Women Film Journalists
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #AE8; color: black;&quot; |Buaite
|-
|Black Reel Awards
|Outstanding Actress
|style=&quot;background: #AE8; color: black;&quot; |Buaite
|-
|Palm Springs International Film Festival
|Rising Star Award
|style=&quot;background: #AE8; color: black;&quot; |Buaite
|-
|Santa Barbara International Film Festival
|Vituosos Award
|style=&quot;background: #AE8; color: black;&quot; |Buaite
|-
|Satellite Awards
|Best Actress &lt;small&gt;(cothrom sa chéad áit le [[Isabelle Huppert]])&lt;/small&gt;
|style=&quot;background: #AE8; color: black;&quot; |Buaite
|-
|[[Gradaim an Acadaimh|Academy Awards]]
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|AACTA International Awards
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|Austin Film Critics Association
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|BAFTA Rising Star Award
|BAFTA Rising Star Award
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|Critics' Choice Movie Awards
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|- 
|Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|- 
|Detroit Film Critics Society Awards
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|Florida Film Critics Circle Awards
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|Golden Globe Awards
|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|Gotham Independent Film Awards
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|Independent Spirit Awards
|Best Female Lead
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|London Film Critics Circle Awards
|British/Irish Actress of the Year
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|NAACP Image Awards
|Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|Online Film Critics Society Awards
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|San Diego Film Critics Society Awards
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|San Francisco Film Critics Circle Awards
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
|Best Actress
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|-
|Irish Film &amp;amp; Television Academy
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Drama
|''Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.''
|style=&quot;background: #F8A; color: black;&quot; |Ainmnithe
|}

== Tagairtí ==
&lt;references&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Negga, Ruth}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1982]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Choláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Gorma Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]]</text>
      <sha1>8chtx6ioz8xz8q7ea3jykkn69yd61wf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brenda Fricker</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>90859</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332071</id>
      <parentid>1320906</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:12:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mionathruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332071</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7900" sha1="q54g7i8t5drnfat8ahrgsoleoe0x040" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Aisteoir Éireannach ar an ardán agus sna scannáin ab ea '''Brenda Fricker''' (17 Feabhra 1945 - 16 Iúil 2026). Ghlac sí páirt i níos mó ná 30 scannán agus clár teilifíse. I 1990, bhain sí amach [[Gradaim an Acadaimh|Gradam an Acadaimh]] don Bhan-Aisteoir Tánaisteach is Fearr, as a ról sa scannán ''My Left Foot (1989).'' Ba é an chéad uair a bhronnadh an gradam do bhean Éireannach. D'éirigh sí as an aisteoireacht i 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.herald.ie/news/i-wont-be-doing-any-more-films-brenda-fricker-30428395.html|teideal=I won't be doing any more films - Brenda Fricker|údar=Caroline Crawford-14 July 2014 08:30 AM|language=en|work=Herald.ie|dátarochtana=2019-10-15|archivedate=2019-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517164441/https://www.herald.ie/news/i-wont-be-doing-any-more-films-brenda-fricker-30428395.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saol Óige ==
Rugadh Fricker i [[Baile Átha Cliath|mBaile Átha Cliath]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.biography.com/people/brenda-fricker-212181|teideal=Brenda Fricker Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story - Biography.com|dáta=2012-09-11|work=archive.is|dátarochtana=2019-10-15|archivedate=2012-09-11|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120911122329/http://www.biography.com/people/brenda-fricker-212181}}&lt;/ref&gt; Múinteoir ag Coláiste Stratford ba ea a mháthair Bina (née Murphy). Iriseoir san ''[[The Irish Times|Irish Times]]'' agus oifigeach sa Roinn [[Talmhaíocht|Talmhaíochta]] ba ea a hathair, Desmond Frederick Fricker.

Roimh an aisteoireacht, cúntóir don eagarthóir ealaíne ba ea Fricker san [[The Irish Times|Irish Times]], agus bhí suim aici bheith ina thuairisceoir.  Ag 19 bliana d'aois, ghlac sí páirt bheag sa scannán ''Of Human Bondage (1964)'', bunaithe ar an úrscéal a scríobh W. Somerset Maugham i 1915. Ghlac sí pháirt in [[Tolka Row]], an chéad sobalchlár in Éirinn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie//archives/2013/0607/455122-final-episode-of-tolka-row-1968/|teideal=Final Episode of Tolka Row|language=en|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2019-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saol Pearsanta ==
Bhí Fricker ina cónaí [[Na Saoirsí|sna Saoirsí]] i [[Baile Átha Cliath|mBaile Átha Cliath]]. Bhí sí pósta leis an stiúrthóir Barry Davies, a d'éag i 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/radio/brenda-fricker-i-dont-know-where-my-husband-is-buried-and-i-dont-want-to-know-31085640.html|teideal=Brenda Fricker: ‘I don’t know where my husband is buried and I don’t want to know’|language=en|work=Independent.ie|dátarochtana=2019-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; B'aoibhinn léi a pheata mhadraí, ag ól Guinness, ag léamh filíocht agus ag imirt snúcair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.holby.tv/db/index.php?id=38,87,0,0,1,0|teideal=holby.tv {{!}} Casualty {{!}} Brenda Fricker|dáta=2007-10-21|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2019-10-15|archivedate=2007-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021193051/http://www.holby.tv/db/index.php?id=38,87,0,0,1,0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Liosta Scannán ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
!Bliain
!Teideal
!Ról
!Nótaí
|-
|1964
|''Of Human Bondage''
|
|Ní raibh sí luaite sna creidiúintí
|-
|1969
|''Sinful Davey''
|
|Ní raibh sí luaite sna creidiúintí
|-
|1975
|''Upstairs, Downstairs''
|
|Ní raibh sí luaite sna creidiúintí
|-
|1978–79
|''The Quatermass Conclusion''
|Alison Thorpe
|Sraith Teilifíse
|-
|1979
|''The Music Machine''
|Mrs. Pearson
|
|-
|1980
|''Bloody Kids''
|Banaltra
|
|-
|1982
|''The Ballroom of Romance''
|Bridie
|
|-
|1985
|''The Woman Who Married Clark Gable''
|Mary
|
|-
|1986–90, 1998, 2007, 2010
|''Casualty''
|Megan Roach
|Sraith Teilifíse
|-
|1989
|''My Left Foot''
|Mrs. Brown
|
* [[Gradaim an Acadaimh]] - Bhan-Aisteoir Tánaisteach is Fearr
* Gradam ''Boston Society of Film Critics'' - Bhan-Aisteoir Tánaisteach is Fearr
* Gradam ''Los Angeles Film Critics Association -'' Bhan-Aisteoir Tánaisteach is Fearr
* Féile Scannáin Montreal - ''Jurisdiction Award''
* Ainmniúchán— Gradam ''Golden Globe'' - Bhan-Aisteoir Tánaisteach is Fearr- Scannán
* Ainmniúchán — Gradam ''National Society of Film Critics'' - Bhan-Aisteoir Tánaisteach is Fearr
* Ainmniúchán — Gradam ''New York Film Critics Circle'' - Bhan-Aisteoir Tánaisteach is Fearr
|-
|1990
|''The Field''
|Maggie McCabe
|
|-
|1991
|''Brides of Christ''
|Sister Agnes
|
|-
|1992
|''The Sound and the Silence''
|Eliza
|Sraith Teilifíse
|-
|1992
|''Utz''
|Marta
|
|-
|1992
|''Seekers''
|Stella Hazard
|Sraith Teilifíse
|-
|1992
|''Home Alone 2: Lost in New York''
|Central Park Pigeon Woman
|
|-
|1993
|''So I Married an Axe Murderer''
|May Mackenzie
|
|-
|1993
|''Deadly Advice''
|Iris Greenwood
|
|-
|1994
|''A Man of No Importance''
|Lily Byrne
|
|-
|1994
|''Angels in the Outfield''
|Maggie Nelson
|
|-
|1995
|''Journey''
|Lottie
|Scannán Teilifíse
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1996
|''Moll Flanders''
|Mrs. Mazzawatti
|
|-
|''A Time to Kill''
|Ethel Twitty
|Ainmniúchán - Gradaim ''Stinkers Bad Movie'' - Ban-Aisteoir Tánaisteach is Measa
|-
|''Swann''
|Rose Hindmarch
|Ainmniúchán - Gradaim ''Genie'' - Ban-Aisteoir Phríomhpháirteach is Fearr
|-
|1997
|''Masterminds''
|Principal Claire Maloney
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1998
|''Painted Angels''
|Annie Ryan
|
|-
|''Resurrection Man''
|Dorcas Kelly
|
|-
|''Pete's Meteor''
|Lily
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1999
|''Resurrection''
|Máthair Claire
|
|-
|''Durango''
|Aunt Maeve
|
|-
|2000
|''Cupid &amp; Cate''
|Willie Hendley
|
|-
|2001
|''The War Bride''
|Betty
|Ainmniúchán - Gradam ''Genie'' - Ban-Aisteoir Tánaisteach is Fearr
|-
|2002
|''The Intended''
|Mrs. Jones
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2003
|''Conspiracy of Silence''
|Annie McLaughlin
|
|-
|''Veronica Guerin''
|Bernadette &quot;Bernie&quot; Guerin
|Ainmniúchán — [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] - Ban-Aisteoir Tánaisteach is Fearr - Scannán
|-
|''Watermelon''
|Teresa Ryan
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2004
|''Trauma''
|Petra
|
|-
|''Omagh''
|Police Ombudsman Nuala O'Loan
|Scannán Teilifíse
|-
|''Call Me: The Rise and Fall of Heidi Fleiss''
|Madame Alex
|Scannán Teilifíse
|-
|''Inside I'm Dancing''
|Eileen
|Ainmniúchán — [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] - Ban-Aisteoir is Fearr - Scannán
|-
|''Razor Fish''
|Molly
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2005
|''Milk''
|Nan
|
|-
|''Tara Road''
|Mona
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007
|''How About You''
|
|
|-
|''Closing the Ring''
|Grandma Reilly
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008
|''Stone of Destiny''
|Mrs. McQuarry
|
|-
|''Beautiful People''
|Narg
|Eipeasóid: &quot;How I Got My Beads&quot;
|-
|2010
|''Locked In''
|Joan
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011
|''Cloudburst''
|Dot
|
|-
|''Albert Nobbs''
|Polly
|Ainmniúchán — [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] - Ban-Aisteoir Tánaisteach is Fearr - Scannán
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2013
|''A Long Way from Home''
|Brenda
|
|-
|''Forgive Me''
|Mrs. Smith&lt;br /&gt;
|
|}

== Rogha Saothar Drámaíochta ==

==== San Amharclann Náisiúnta: ====

* ''The Plough and the Stars''
* ''Lavender Blue''

==== San Amharclann Royal Court: ====

* ''Within Two Shadows''
* ''A Pagan's Place''

==== Sa Gheffen Playhouse: ====
''Cat on a Hot Tin Roof''

==== Drámaíocht Eile: ====

* ''Typhad Mary''
* ''Macbeth''
* ''Outskirts''
* ''TV Times''
* ''The Accrington Pals''
* ''The Irish Play''
* ''Lost World''
* ''The Weeping of Angels''

== Naisc Sheachtracha ==
Brenda Fricker ar [[imdbname:0002084|IMDb]]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20071021193051/http://www.holby.tv/db/index.php?id=38%2C87%2C0%2C0%2C1%2C0 Brenda Fricker ar Holby.TV]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fricker, Brenda}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Aisteoirí]]
[[Catagóir:Aisteoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1945]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Ban-aisteoirí]]
[[Catagóir:Ban-aisteoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]]</text>
      <sha1>q54g7i8t5drnfat8ahrgsoleoe0x040</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Broigheall</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>92564</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331968</id>
      <parentid>1324483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:55:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1331968</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1097" sha1="p19u72mbrrb1xmebj6evhvvklo78tz1" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}}
''Baineann an t-alt seo leis an speiceas Phalacrocorax carbo. Má tá spéis agat in éin eile a dtugtar “broigheall” orthu, féach [[Phalacrocoracidae]].''
 
Is [[éan]] é an '''broigheall''' (''Phalacrocorax carbo''). Tugtar '''an chailleach dhubh''', '''an fiach mara''', '''an mhurúchaill''' nó '''an treathlach''' air freisin.&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Phalacrocorax%20carbo/|title=“Phalacrocorax carbo” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Itheann sé iasc den chuid is mó. Tá cónaí air sna locha agus sna haibhneacha. Gabhálann sé iasc nuair a thumann sé isteach san uisce agus é ar thóir éisc. 
==Féach freisin==
* Fá Bhruach an Chleadaigh. TAISCE TÉARMAÍOCHTA FARRAIGE. Eabhlóid. https://eabhloid.com/siopa/bruach/
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{síol ainmhí}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Broigheall}}
[[Catagóir:Phalacrocorax]]
[[Catagóir:Éin a ndearnadh cur síos orthu in 1758]]</text>
      <sha1>p19u72mbrrb1xmebj6evhvvklo78tz1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Téarmaíocht na Cúipéireachta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>93734</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332052</id>
      <parentid>1297080</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:01:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332052</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2039" sha1="drvbegjiinpr4cjvq5669orhhiifdx9" xml:space="preserve">Baineann '''Téarmaíocht na Cúipéireachta''' (nó ''na fonsóireachta'') le ceird an [[cúipéir|chúipéara]], duine a dhéanann [[bairille|bairillí]].

* stéibh bairille ~ clár bairille
* buigiún ~ lata ~ buinne bairille ~ fonsa bairille
* éadan bairille
* poll plocóide
* plocóid

Is ionann ''bolg bairille'' agus an chuid chuartha den bhairille mar a bhfanann beagán fíona nó beorach agus an bairille ina luí ar a thaobh agus é beagnach folamh.

“an dara fonsa”  “quarter” 

Seo thíos sliocht caighdeánaithe ó [[An Béal Beo]]

Ag an gcúipeir is mó a bhíonn an tál ag obair. Bíonn scian fhonsaí freisin aige, nuair is fonsaí adhmaid a bhíonn aige. Bíonn iarann feireadh aige, ina theannta sin, le feireadh (feirbh) a dhéanamh le háit na tóna a ghearradh sa bharaille. Canda a thugtar ar chlár aonraic (tugann daoine ar &quot;éadan” nó barr an bhairille é) an bhairille. Ruibh an áit a ngearrtar ar thóin an bhairille leis na maidí a chur síos ann. Is ionann feireadh agus gearradh ar dhéanamh V.

An tuireasg, nó an trosg a bhíonn acu leis an adhmad a ghearradh. Sin é an seanainm a bhí ar an [[sábh]]. Cáithín sábh an dusta, nó an deannach a thagas leis an sábh, nó an tuireasg. Min shábh nó min rádha?, ainmneacha eile air. Gírle-ma-guairle an dusta a thagann nuair a bheifeá ag tolladh leis an [[tarathar]], nó an trathair. Poll trathar atá ar an bpoll a dhéanann sí. Bachallóg an rud atá ar a barr, nó barlóg. Na sciatháin an chuid atá isteach ón mbachallóig.

Bíonn [[gimléad]] ag obair ag an siúinéir le poll is lú ná sin a dhéanamh. Meanadh a bhíonn aige le poll a dhéanamh d’áit scriú, nó tairne; meanadh sáite an meanadh cruinn.

FGB - To beat in the end of a barrel, an t-éadan a stealladh as bairille. 

==Foinsí==

[[An Béal Beo]]
In A Handbook of Irish Folklore le Ó Súilleabháin luaitear an chúipéireacht, meadracha, tuirní agus pigíní.


[[Catagóir:Téarmaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Adhmadóireacht]]</text>
      <sha1>drvbegjiinpr4cjvq5669orhhiifdx9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Úsáideoir:Llywelyn2000/Liosta alt ar éin</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>94537</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332007</id>
      <parentid>1330637</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:13:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>25319</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>1332007</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="146099" sha1="d5pyeofrzk83fe9lcbq33t4el9zw6ab" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT DISTINCT	?item ?name 
WHERE 
{
 	?item wdt:P31 wd:Q16521 . 
  	?item wdt:P171* wd:Q5113 .
  	?item wdt:P105 wd:Q7432 . #species only
	FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P141 wd:Q237350 }  # not extinct
        ?articleURL schema:about ?item ; schema:name ?name ; schema:isPartOf &lt;https://ga.wikipedia.org/&gt; .  #must have sitelink to cywiki
}
ORDER BY ?name
OFFSET 0
LIMIT 1000
|links=local
|section=
|sort=label
|columns=number:#,qid,label,p225:enw tacson,P373,P2067,P2050,P181,P7770,P141
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! #
! qid
! label
! enw tacson
! catagóir Commons
! mais
! réise sciathán
! léarscáil de raon an tacsóin
! tréimhse ghoir
! IUCN conservation status
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 1
| Q26147
| [[abhóiséad]]
| Recurvirostra avosetta
| [[:commons:Category:Recurvirostra avosetta|Recurvirostra avosetta]]
| 31.7 g
| 78 cm
| [[Íomhá:RecurvirostraAvosettaIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 24 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 2
| Q469992
| [[Recurvirostra americana|Abhóiséad Mheiriceánach]]
| Recurvirostra americana
| [[:commons:Category:Recurvirostra americana|Recurvirostra americana]]
| 28.7 g&lt;br/&gt;316 g
| 68 cm
| [[Íomhá:Recurvirostra americana map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 3
| Q832565
| [[Alcedo hercules]]
| Alcedo hercules
| [[:commons:Category:Alcedo hercules|Alcedo hercules]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 4
| Q202504
| [[amadán móinteach]]
| Charadrius morinellus
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius morinellus|Charadrius morinellus]]
| 17 g
| 60 cm
| [[Íomhá:Charadrius morinellus distr..png|center|128px]]
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 5
| Q1268205
| [[Súmaire gabhair ghlórach|Antrostomus vociferus]]
| Antrostomus vociferus
| [[:commons:Category:Antrostomus vociferus|Antrostomus vociferus]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Antrostomus vociferus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 6
| Q106447604
| [[Éigrit eallaigh|Ardea ibis]]
| Ardea ibis
| [[:commons:Category:Ardea ibis|Ardea ibis]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 7
| Q652266
| [[Argas mór|Argusianus argus]]
| Argusianus argus
| [[:commons:Category:Argusianus argus|Argusianus argus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 24 d
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 8
| Q692192
| [[Póiseard ceannrua Meiriceánach|Aythya americana]]
| Aythya americana
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya americana|Aythya americana]]
| 1.1 kg&lt;br/&gt;990 g
| 79.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Aythya americana map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 9
| Q26742
| [[Aythya ferina]]
| Aythya ferina
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya ferina|Aythya ferina]]
| 66 g
| 0.77 m
| [[Íomhá:AythyaFerinaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 25 d
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 10
| Q170718
| [[Beachadóir Eorpach|beachadóir]]
| Merops apiaster
| [[:commons:Category:Merops apiaster|Merops apiaster]]
| 6.5 g
| 0.47 m
| [[Íomhá:Merops apiaster en.png|center|128px]]
| 20 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 11
| Q1951359
| [[Beachadóir Peirseach|beachaire gormleicneach]]
| Merops persicus
| [[:commons:Category:Merops persicus|Merops persicus]]
| 49.4 g
| 
| 
| 24 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 12
| Q25450
| [[biorearrach]]
| Anas acuta
| [[:commons:Category:Anas acuta|Anas acuta]]
| 1.025 kg&lt;br/&gt;866 g
| 0.9 m
| [[Íomhá:AnasAcutaIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 13
| Q591831
| [[bobóilinc]]
| Dolichonyx oryzivorus
| [[:commons:Category:Dolichonyx oryzivorus|Dolichonyx oryzivorus]]
| 2.75 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Dolichonyx oryzivorus.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 14
| Q25709
| [[Bonnán buí (éan)|bonnán]]
| Botaurus stellaris
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus stellaris|Botaurus stellaris]]
| 42 g&lt;br/&gt;2.906 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.017 kg
| 1.27 m
| [[Íomhá:Botaurus stellaris map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 15
| Q25587867
| [[Bonnán beag]]
| Botaurus minutus
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus minutus|Botaurus minutus]]
| 13 g&lt;br/&gt;147 g
| 49 cm
| [[Íomhá:IxobrychusMinutusIUCNvr2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 18 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 16
| Q204111
| [[Bonnán cainéaldathach|bonnán cainéil]]
| Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus cinnamomeus|Botaurus cinnamomeus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 17
| Q743017
| [[Bonnán breicneach|bonnán Meiriceánach]]
| Botaurus lentiginosus
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus lentiginosus|Botaurus lentiginosus]]
| 36 g
| 115 cm
| [[Íomhá:Botaurus lentiginosus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 18
| Q469586
| [[Bonnán caol|bonnán seang]]
| Ixobrychus exilis
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus exilis|Botaurus exilis]]
| 10 g&lt;br/&gt;80 g
| 43 cm
| [[Íomhá:Ixobrychus exilis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 19
| Q188877
| [[Breacán (éan)|breacán]]
| Fringilla montifringilla
| [[:commons:Category:Fringilla montifringilla|Fringilla montifringilla]]
| 2.14 g&lt;br/&gt;22 g
| 0.27 m
| [[Íomhá:FringillaMontifringillaIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 11 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 20
| Q26650
| [[breacóg]]
| Calidris alpina
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris alpina|Calidris alpina]]
| 
| 0.36 m
| [[Íomhá:Calidris alpina migrations.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 21
| Q25440
| [[broigheall]]
| Phalacrocorax carbo
| [[:commons:Category:Phalacrocorax carbo|Phalacrocorax carbo]]
| 2.4 kg&lt;br/&gt;2 kg
| 1.4 m
| [[Íomhá:PhalacrocoraxCarbo.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 22
| Q244319
| [[Mionbhroigheall|broigheall bídeach]]
| Microcarbo pygmaeus
| [[:commons:Category:Microcarbo pygmaeus|Microcarbo pygmaeus]]
| 
| 85 cm
| [[Íomhá:MicrocarboPygmaeusIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 28 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 23
| Q18700
| [[bróg-ghob]]
| Balaeniceps rex
| [[:commons:Category:Balaeniceps rex|Balaeniceps rex]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Balaeniceps rex distribution.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 24
| Q121221
| [[budragár]]
| Melopsittacus undulatus
| [[:commons:Category:Melopsittacus undulatus|Melopsittacus undulatus]]
| 2.15 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Budgerigar map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 25
| Q168677
| [[bultúr luaithriúíl]]
| Aegypius monachus
| [[:commons:Category:Aegypius monachus|Aegypius monachus]]
| 243 g
| 2.5 m
| [[Íomhá:AegypiusMonachusIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 26
| Q126167
| [[bultúr uan]]
| Gypaetus barbatus
| [[:commons:Category:Gypaetus barbatus|Gypaetus barbatus]]
| 224 g&lt;br/&gt;4.913 kg&lt;br/&gt;6.175 kg
| 2.621 m
| [[Íomhá:GypaetusBarbatusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 54 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 27
| Q33504
| [[bultúr Éigipteach]]
| Neophron percnopterus
| [[:commons:Category:Neophron percnopterus|Neophron percnopterus]]
| 94 g&lt;br/&gt;1.977 kg
| 1.676 m
| [[Íomhá:NeophronMap.svg|center|128px]]
| 42 d
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 28
| Q188601
| [[bustard beag]]
| Tetrax tetrax
| [[:commons:Category:Tetrax tetrax|Tetrax tetrax]]
| 41 g
| 110 cm
| [[Íomhá:TetraxTetraxIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 21 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 29
| Q290871
| [[bustard Houbara]]
| Chlamydotis undulata
| [[:commons:Category:Chlamydotis undulata|Chlamydotis undulata]]
| 68 g&lt;br/&gt;1.96 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.15 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Houbara map.svg|center|128px]]
| 24 d
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 30
| Q171655
| [[bustard mór]]
| Otis tarda
| [[:commons:Category:Otis tarda|Otis tarda]]
| 143 g
| 235 cm&lt;br/&gt;180 cm
| [[Íomhá:Otis tarda distribution.png|center|128px]]
| 25 d
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 31
| Q26205
| [[buíóg]]
| Emberiza citrinella
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza citrinella|Emberiza citrinella]]
| 2.94 g
| 26 cm
| [[Íomhá:Emberizacitronella3.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 32
| Q908909
| [[búbúc Norfolk]]
| Ninox novaeseelandiae
| [[:commons:Category:Ninox novaeseelandiae|Ninox novaeseelandiae]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 33
| Q179959
| [[cacapó]]
| Strigops habroptila
| [[:commons:Category:Strigops habroptila|Strigops habroptila]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Kakapohist.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 34
| Q27050
| [[cadhan]]
| Branta bernicla
| [[:commons:Category:Branta bernicla|Branta bernicla]]
| 
| 1.01 m
| [[Íomhá:Branta bernicla map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 35
| Q188446
| [[caipín dubh]]
| Sylvia atricapilla
| [[:commons:Category:Sylvia atricapilla|Sylvia atricapilla]]
| 2.19 g&lt;br/&gt;18.1 g
| 23 cm
| [[Íomhá:Sylviaatricapillamap2.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 36
| Q235057
| [[caislín aille]]
| Monticola saxatilis
| [[:commons:Category:Monticola saxatilis|Monticola saxatilis]]
| 4.95 g&lt;br/&gt;47 g&lt;br/&gt;52.4 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:MonticolaSaxatilisIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 37
| Q152144
| [[caislín aille gorm]]
| Monticola solitarius
| [[:commons:Category:Monticola solitarius|Monticola solitarius]]
| 5.95 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:MonticolaSolitariusIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 38
| Q155869
| [[caislín aitinn]]
| Saxicola rubetra
| [[:commons:Category:Saxicola rubetra|Saxicola rubetra]]
| 2.06 g
| 22 cm
| [[Íomhá:Saxicola rubetra, IUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 39
| Q1315689
| [[caislín cloch]]
| Saxicola torquatus
| [[:commons:Category:Saxicola torquatus|Saxicola torquatus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 40
| Q838665
| [[caislín cloch Eorpach]]
| Saxicola rubicola
| [[:commons:Category:Saxicola rubicola|Saxicola rubicola]]
| 
| 
| 
| 15 d
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 41
| Q1589281
| [[caislín Sibéarach]]
| Saxicola maurus
| [[:commons:Category:Saxicola maurus|Saxicola maurus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 42
| Q852622
| [[Cnagaire impiriúil|Campephilus imperialis]]
| Campephilus imperialis
| [[:commons:Category:Campephilus imperialis|Campephilus imperialis]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Campephilus imperialis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 43
| Q284331
| [[Cnagaire Magellanach|Campephilus magellanicus]]
| Campephilus magellanicus
| [[:commons:Category:Campephilus magellanicus|Campephilus magellanicus]]
| 260 g
| 0.6 m
| [[Íomhá:Campephilus magellanicus distr.png|center|128px]]
| 20 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 44
| Q208334
| [[Donnóg Alpach|cantaire Alpshléibhe]]
| Prunella collaris
| [[:commons:Category:Prunella collaris|Prunella collaris]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:PrunellaCollariusIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 45
| Q1049121
| [[Donnóg Radde|cantaire carraige]]
| Prunella ocularis
| [[:commons:Category:Prunella ocularis|Prunella ocularis]]
| 
| 
| 
| 11 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 46
| Q129059
| [[capall coille]]
| Tetrao urogallus
| [[:commons:Category:Tetrao urogallus|Tetrao urogallus]]
| 3.8 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.97 kg&lt;br/&gt;53 g
| 106 cm
| [[Íomhá:Western Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 25 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 47
| Q26198
| [[caróg dhubh]]
| Corvus corone
| [[:commons:Category:Corvus corone|Corvus corone]]
| 
| 0.91 m
| [[Íomhá:Corvus corone map.png|center|128px]]
| 19 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 48
| Q831597
| [[catéan liath]]
| Dumetella carolinensis
| [[:commons:Category:Dumetella carolinensis|Dumetella carolinensis]]
| 3.8 g&lt;br/&gt;35.7 g&lt;br/&gt;39.6 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Dumetella carolinensis-map.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 49
| Q25384
| [[ceann cait]]
| Asio otus
| [[:commons:Category:Asio otus|Asio otus]]
| 
| 95 cm
| [[Íomhá:Asio otus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 50
| Q25376
| [[Cearc cheannann Eoráiseach|cearc cheannann]]
| Fulica atra
| [[:commons:Category:Fulica atra|Fulica atra]]
| 36.5 g&lt;br/&gt;835 g&lt;br/&gt;715 g
| 75 cm
| [[Íomhá:Fulica atra distribution.png|center|128px]]
| 22 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 51
| Q470016
| [[cearc cheannann Mheiriceánach]]
| Fulica americana
| [[:commons:Category:Fulica americana|Fulica americana]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Fulica americana map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 52
| Q901228
| [[cearc mhailí]]
| Leipoa ocellata
| [[:commons:Category:Leipoa ocellata|Leipoa ocellata]]
| 2.4 kg&lt;br/&gt;175 g&lt;br/&gt;1.8 kg
| 
| 
| 63 d
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 53
| Q178702
| [[cearc shailí]]
| Lagopus lagopus
| [[:commons:Category:Lagopus lagopus|Lagopus lagopus]]
| 720 g&lt;br/&gt;580 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Willow Ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 54
| Q18847
| [[cearc uisce]]
| Gallinula chloropus
| [[:commons:Category:Gallinula chloropus|Gallinula chloropus]]
| 348 g
| 52 cm
| [[Íomhá:Gallinula chloropus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 55
| Q104867606
| [[Ceolaire barrach]]
| Curruca nisoria
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca nisoria|Curruca nisoria]]
| 2.63 g
| 25 cm
| [[Íomhá:SylviaNisoriaIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 56
| Q312779
| [[ceolaire Blyth]]
| Acrocephalus dumetorum
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus dumetorum|Acrocephalus dumetorum]]
| 1.68 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:AcrocephalusDumetorumIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 57
| Q14753772
| [[ceolaire bánlíoch]]
| Iduna pallida
| [[:commons:Category:Iduna pallida|Iduna pallida]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:IdunaPallidaIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 58
| Q208710
| [[ceolaire casarnaí]]
| Locustella naevia
| [[:commons:Category:Locustella naevia|Locustella naevia]]
| 
| 17 cm
| [[Íomhá:LocustellaNaeviaIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 59
| Q650114
| [[ceolaire Cetti]]
| Cettia cetti
| [[:commons:Category:Cettia cetti|Cettia cetti]]
| 
| 17 cm
| [[Íomhá:Cettia cetti distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 16 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 60
| Q27075477
| [[ceolaire coille]]
| Phylloscopus sibilatrix
| [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus sibilatrix|Phylloscopus sibilatrix]]
| 1.32 g&lt;br/&gt;10 g
| 22 cm
| [[Íomhá:Phylloscopus sibilatrix Range Map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 61
| Q210422
| [[ceolaire corraigh]]
| Acrocephalus palustris
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus palustris|Acrocephalus palustris]]
| 1.85 g
| 20 cm
| 
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 62
| Q757116
| [[ceolaire cuaráin]]
| Iduna caligata
| [[:commons:Category:Iduna caligata|Iduna caligata]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Iduna caligata distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 63
| Q27236
| [[ceolaire cíbe]]
| Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus schoenobaenus|Acrocephalus schoenobaenus]]
| 1.65 g
| 19 cm
| [[Íomhá:AcrocephalusSchoenobaenusIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 64
| Q1590574
| [[Ceolaire Upcher|ceolaire fann]]
| Hippolais languida
| [[:commons:Category:Hippolais languida|Hippolais languida]]
| 1.79 g
| 
| 
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 65
| Q210791
| [[ceolaire feanearrach]]
| Cisticola juncidis
| [[:commons:Category:Cisticola juncidis|Cisticola juncidis]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:CisticolaJuncidisIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 66
| Q110257524
| [[Ceolaire fraoigh]]
| Curruca undata
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca undata|Curruca undata]]
| 
| 16 cm
| 
| 13 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 67
| Q110257494
| [[Ceolaire mion|Ceolaire fásaigh]]
| Curruca nana
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca nana|Curruca nana]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 68
| Q202478
| [[ceolaire garraí]]
| Sylvia borin
| [[:commons:Category:Sylvia borin|Sylvia borin]]
| 
| 22 cm
| [[Íomhá:Sylviaborinmap2.jpg|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 69
| Q159080
| [[ceolaire giolcaí]]
| Acrocephalus scirpaceus
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus scirpaceus|Acrocephalus scirpaceus]]
| 12 g
| 19 cm
| [[Íomhá:AcrocephalusScirpaceusIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 70
| Q827657
| [[ceolaire goirt ríse]]
| Acrocephalus agricola
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus agricola|Acrocephalus agricola]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:AcrocephalusAgricolaIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 71
| Q27674
| [[ceolaire ictireach]]
| Hippolais icterina
| [[:commons:Category:Hippolais icterina|Hippolais icterina]]
| 1.7 g
| 22 cm
| [[Íomhá:HippolaisIcterinaIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 72
| Q110257499
| [[Ceolaire tiubhghobach|Ceolaire Oirféach]]
| Curruca crassirostris
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca crassirostris|Curruca crassirostris]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 73
| Q27239
| [[ceolaire sailí]]
| Phylloscopus trochilus
| [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus trochilus|Phylloscopus trochilus]]
| 
| 19 cm
| [[Íomhá:Phylloscopus trochilus Range Map.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 74
| Q321272
| [[ceolaire Savi]]
| Locustella luscinioides
| [[:commons:Category:Locustella luscinioides|Locustella luscinioides]]
| 2.08 g
| 20 cm
| [[Íomhá:LocustellaLuscinioidesIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 10 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 75
| Q460229
| [[ceolaire scothghlas]]
| Phylloscopus trochiloides
| [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus trochiloides|Phylloscopus trochiloides]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Phylloscopus trochiloides distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 76
| Q110257505
| [[Ceolaire Ménétries|ceolaire screige]]
| Curruca mystacea
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca mystacea|Curruca mystacea]]
| 1.5 g
| 
| 
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 77
| Q1052008
| [[Ceyx erithaca]]
| Ceyx erithaca
| [[:commons:Category:Ceyx erithaca|Ceyx erithaca]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 78
| Q26982
| [[circín starraiceach]]
| Galerida cristata
| [[:commons:Category:Galerida cristata|Galerida cristata]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Galerida cristata distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 79
| Q148583
| [[cirlghealóg]]
| Emberiza cirlus
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza cirlus|Emberiza cirlus]]
| 
| 24 cm
| [[Íomhá:Emberiza cirlus distribution map.jpg|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 80
| Q25385
| [[clamhán]]
| Buteo buteo
| [[:commons:Category:Buteo buteo|Buteo buteo]]
| 0.925 kg&lt;br/&gt;60 g&lt;br/&gt;790 g&lt;br/&gt;966.5 g
| 1.24 m
| [[Íomhá:Buteo buteo distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 34 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 81
| Q233684
| [[clamhán cosfhada]]
| Buteo rufinus
| [[:commons:Category:Buteo rufinus|Buteo rufinus]]
| 73 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:ButeoRufinusIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 82
| Q26407
| [[clamhán lópach]]
| Buteo lagopus
| [[:commons:Category:Buteo lagopus|Buteo lagopus]]
| 824.6 g&lt;br/&gt;1.027 kg
| 1.35 m
| [[Íomhá:Buteo lagopus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 83
| Q170466
| [[clamhán riabhach]]
| Pernis apivorus
| [[:commons:Category:Pernis apivorus|Pernis apivorus]]
| 49 g
| 1.26 m
| [[Íomhá:PernisApivorusIUCN2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 32 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 84
| Q21090684
| [[Iolar breac mór|Clanga clanga]]
| Clanga clanga
| [[:commons:Category:Clanga clanga|Clanga clanga]]
| 110 g
| 167.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Aquila clanga distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 85
| Q26420
| [[Clochrán coiteann|clochrán]]
| Oenanthe oenanthe
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe oenanthe|Oenanthe oenanthe]]
| 
| 0.28 m
| [[Íomhá:Oenanthe oenanthe map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 86
| Q769528
| [[Clochrán earr-rua|clochrán Afganastánach]]
| Oenanthe chrysopygia
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe chrysopygia|Oenanthe chrysopygia]]
| 
| 
| 
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 87
| Q763538
| [[clochrán alabhreac]]
| Oenanthe pleschanka
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe pleschanka|Oenanthe pleschanka]]
| 2.43 g
| 
| 
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 88
| Q385723
| [[Oenanthe hispanica|clochrán cluasdubh]]
| Oenanthe hispanica
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe hispanica|Oenanthe hispanica]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:OenantheHispanicaIUCNver2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 89
| Q769093
| [[Clochrán Finsch|clochrán droimbhán]]
| Oenanthe finschii
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe finschii|Oenanthe finschii]]
| 26 g&lt;br/&gt;29 g
| 
| 
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 90
| Q1303323
| [[Clochrán Coirdíneach|clochrán earrdhearg]]
| Oenanthe xanthoprymna
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe xanthoprymna|Oenanthe xanthoprymna]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 91
| Q769934
| [[clochrán fásaigh]]
| Oenanthe deserti
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe deserti|Oenanthe deserti]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:OenantheDesertiIUCNver2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 92
| Q747686
| [[clochrán gainimh]]
| Oenanthe isabellina
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe isabellina|Oenanthe isabellina]]
| 3.04 g&lt;br/&gt;29 g
| 
| 
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 93
| Q207290
| [[Cnagaire droimgheal|cnagaire droimbhán]]
| Dendrocopos leucotos
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos leucotos|Dendrocopos leucotos]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 94
| Q143284
| [[cnagaire dubh]]
| Dryocopus martius
| [[:commons:Category:Dryocopus martius|Dryocopus martius]]
| 11.8 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Dryocopus martius distr.PNG|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 95
| Q166171
| [[cnagaire glas]]
| Picus viridis
| [[:commons:Category:Picus viridis|Picus viridis]]
| 8.9 g&lt;br/&gt;193 g
| 41 cm
| [[Íomhá:Picus viridis dis.png|center|128px]]
| 19 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 96
| Q752481
| [[Cnagaire Siriach|cnagaire Síriach]]
| Dendrocopos syriacus
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos syriacus|Dendrocopos syriacus]]
| 5.1 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos syriacus distr new.png|center|128px]]
| 10 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 97
| Q27124
| [[cnota]]
| Calidris canutus
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris canutus|Calidris canutus]]
| 19.3 g&lt;br/&gt;126 g&lt;br/&gt;148 g
| 0.5 m
| [[Íomhá:RedKnotMigration.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 98
| Q749701
| [[Cnóshnag Neumayer|cnóshnag creige]]
| Sitta neumayer
| [[:commons:Category:Sitta neumayer|Sitta neumayer]]
| 2.43 g
| 
| 
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 99
| Q156767
| [[cnóshnag Eorpach]]
| Sitta europaea
| [[:commons:Category:Sitta europaea|Sitta europaea]]
| 2.25 g&lt;br/&gt;23 g
| 24 cm
| [[Íomhá:Sitta europaea distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 16 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 100
| Q514809
| [[cocaitíl]]
| Nymphicus hollandicus
| [[:commons:Category:Nymphicus hollandicus|Nymphicus hollandicus]]
| 5.68 g&lt;br/&gt;86 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Bird range cockatiel.png|center|128px]]
| 20 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 101
| Q210341
| [[Cochlearius cochlearius]]
| Cochlearius cochlearius
| [[:commons:Category:Cochlearius cochlearius|Cochlearius cochlearius]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Cochlearius cochlearius map.svg|center|128px]]
| 25 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 102
| Q1274601
| [[coileach sneachta Caispeach]]
| Tetraogallus caspius
| [[:commons:Category:Tetraogallus caspius|Tetraogallus caspius]]
| 2.59 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.07 kg&lt;br/&gt;75 g
| 100 cm
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 103
| Q1137277
| [[coileach sneachta Cugasach]]
| Tetraogallus caucasicus
| [[:commons:Category:Tetraogallus caucasicus|Tetraogallus caucasicus]]
| 
| 87.5 cm
| 
| 28 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 104
| Q25332
| [[coirneach]]
| Pandion haliaetus
| [[:commons:Category:Pandion haliaetus|Pandion haliaetus]]
| 1.4 kg
| 1.6 m
| [[Íomhá:Wiki-Pandion haliaetus.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 105
| Q42326
| [[colm aille]]
| Columba livia
| [[:commons:Category:Columba livia|Columba livia]]
| 294 g&lt;br/&gt;267 g
| 690 mm
| [[Íomhá:Columba livia distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 106
| Q26026
| [[Colúr coille|colm coille]]
| Columba palumbus
| [[:commons:Category:Columba palumbus|Columba palumbus]]
| 18.9 g
| 0.75 m
| [[Íomhá:Columba-palumbus-dist.png|center|128px]]
| 17 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 107
| Q26140
| [[colm gorm]]
| Columba oenas
| [[:commons:Category:Columba oenas|Columba oenas]]
| 16.7 g
| 0.75 m
| [[Íomhá:ColumbaOenasIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 22 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 108
| Q170598
| [[condar na nAindéas]]
| Vultur gryphus
| [[:commons:Category:Vultur gryphus|Vultur gryphus]]
| 
| 3.048 m
| [[Íomhá:AndeanMap.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 109
| Q25382
| [[corcrán coille]]
| Pyrrhula pyrrhula
| [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhula pyrrhula|Pyrrhula pyrrhula]]
| 2.41 g&lt;br/&gt;31 g
| 0.26 m
| [[Íomhá:PyrrhulaPyrrhulaIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 110
| Q1084895
| [[corcrán coille ceannliath]]
| Pyrrhula erythaca
| [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhula erythaca|Pyrrhula erythaca]]
| 21.7 g
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 111
| Q160488
| [[corr chorcra]]
| Ardea purpurea
| [[:commons:Category:Ardea purpurea|Ardea purpurea]]
| 51 g
| 1.35 m
| [[Íomhá:ArdeaPurpureaIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 112
| Q171360
| [[corr leitheadach Eoráiseach]]
| Platalea leucorodia
| [[:commons:Category:Platalea leucorodia|Platalea leucorodia]]
| 76 g
| 1.3 m
| [[Íomhá:Platalea leucorodia.PNG|center|128px]]
| 23 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 113
| Q126216
| [[corr oíche]]
| Nycticorax nycticorax
| [[:commons:Category:Nycticorax nycticorax|Nycticorax nycticorax]]
| 682 g&lt;br/&gt;590 g
| 1.06 m
| [[Íomhá:Nycticorax nycticorax map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 114
| Q722981
| [[corr ríoga]]
| Platalea regia
| [[:commons:Category:Platalea regia|Platalea regia]]
| 69 g
| 120 cm
| 
| 22 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 115
| Q191394
| [[corr scréachach]]
| Ardeola ralloides
| [[:commons:Category:Ardeola ralloides|Ardeola ralloides]]
| 16 g&lt;br/&gt;288 g
| 0.86 m
| [[Íomhá:Ardeola ralloides map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 116
| Q144218
| [[coscaróba]]
| Coscoroba coscoroba
| [[:commons:Category:Coscoroba coscoroba|Coscoroba coscoroba]]
| 4.6 kg&lt;br/&gt;3.8 kg&lt;br/&gt;185 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Coscoroba coscoroba map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 117
| Q18859
| [[cosdeargán]]
| Tringa totanus
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa totanus|Tringa totanus]]
| 22.3 g&lt;br/&gt;129 g
| 62 cm
| [[Íomhá:TringaTotanusIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 24 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 118
| Q28103
| [[cosdeargán breac]]
| Tringa erythropus
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa erythropus|Tringa erythropus]]
| 24.5 g&lt;br/&gt;142 g&lt;br/&gt;161 g
| 64 cm
| [[Íomhá:TringaErythropusIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 119
| Q230837
| [[cromán bánlíoch]]
| Circus macrourus
| [[:commons:Category:Circus macrourus|Circus macrourus]]
| 28 g&lt;br/&gt;322 g&lt;br/&gt;445 g
| 1.09 m
| [[Íomhá:Circus macrourus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 29 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 120
| Q26574
| [[cromán liath]]
| Circus pygargus
| [[:commons:Category:Circus pygargus|Circus pygargus]]
| 24 g&lt;br/&gt;261 g&lt;br/&gt;370 g
| 1.09 m
| [[Íomhá:Circus pygargus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 28 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 121
| Q26431
| [[Cromán móna iartharach]]
| Circus aeruginosus
| [[:commons:Category:Circus aeruginosus|Circus aeruginosus]]
| 40 g
| 1.16 m
| [[Íomhá:Circus aeruginosus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 34 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 122
| Q25572
| [[cromán na gcearc]]
| Circus cyaneus
| [[:commons:Category:Circus cyaneus|Circus cyaneus]]
| 346 g&lt;br/&gt;527 g
| 1.1 m
| [[Íomhá:Circus cyaneus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 123
| Q27102
| [[crosán]]
| Alca torda
| [[:commons:Category:Alca torda|Alca torda]]
| 
| 0.661 m
| [[Íomhá:Alca torda map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 124
| Q18854
| [[crotach]]
| Numenius arquata
| [[:commons:Category:Numenius arquata|Numenius arquata]]
| 76 g&lt;br/&gt;742 g&lt;br/&gt;869 g
| 0.97 m
| [[Íomhá:NumeniusArquata.png|center|128px]]
| 28 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 125
| Q61857
| [[crotach Artach]]
| Numenius borealis
| [[:commons:Category:Numenius borealis|Numenius borealis]]
| 
| 70 cm
| [[Íomhá:Numenius borealis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 126
| Q18858
| [[crotach eanaigh]]
| Numenius phaeopus
| [[:commons:Category:Numenius phaeopus|Numenius phaeopus]]
| 
| 1.07 m
| [[Íomhá:Numenius phaeopus distribution map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 127
| Q79915
| [[Murlach mara|cruidín]]
| Alcedo atthis
| [[:commons:Category:Alcedo atthis|Alcedo atthis]]
| 4.3 g
| 25 cm
| [[Íomhá:Alcedo atthis -range map-2-cp.png|center|128px]]
| 19.5 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 128
| Q31646
| [[Cruidín ceiriúlach]]
| Alcedo coerulescens
| [[:commons:Category:Alcedo coerulescens|Alcedo coerulescens]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 129
| Q1263692
| [[Cruidín crúcghobach]]
| Melidora macrorrhina
| [[:commons:Category:Melidora macrorrhina|Melidora macrorrhina]]
| 97 g
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 130
| Q1265314
| [[Cruidín droimghlas]]
| Actenoides monachus
| [[:commons:Category:Actenoides monachus|Actenoides monachus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 131
| Q735158
| [[cruidín píbgheal]]
| Halcyon smyrnensis
| [[:commons:Category:Halcyon smyrnensis|Halcyon smyrnensis]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:White-throated Kingfisher Range.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 132
| Q18845
| [[Cuach choiteann|cuach]]
| Cuculus canorus
| [[:commons:Category:Cuculus canorus|Cuculus canorus]]
| 3.22 g&lt;br/&gt;117 g&lt;br/&gt;106 g
| 58 cm
| [[Íomhá:CuculusCanorusIUCNver2019 3.png|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 133
| Q852265
| [[cuach ghob-bhuí]]
| Coccyzus americanus
| [[:commons:Category:Coccyzus americanus|Coccyzus americanus]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Coccyzus americanus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 134
| Q27442
| [[cuilire alabhreac]]
| Ficedula hypoleuca
| [[:commons:Category:Ficedula hypoleuca|Ficedula hypoleuca]]
| 1.7 g&lt;br/&gt;12 g
| 22 cm
| [[Íomhá:FicedulaHypoleucaIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 135
| Q241499
| [[cuilire broinnrua]]
| Ficedula parva
| [[:commons:Category:Ficedula parva|Ficedula parva]]
| 1.45 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:FicedulaParvaIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 136
| Q1591580
| [[cuilire leathmhuinceach]]
| Ficedula semitorquata
| [[:commons:Category:Ficedula semitorquata|Ficedula semitorquata]]
| 
| 
| 
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 137
| Q26607
| [[cuilire liath]]
| Muscicapa striata
| [[:commons:Category:Muscicapa striata|Muscicapa striata]]
| 1.92 g
| 24 cm
| [[Íomhá:MuscicapaStriataIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 138
| Q690826
| [[Cuilire bán|cuilire muinceach]]
| Ficedula albicollis
| [[:commons:Category:Ficedula albicollis|Ficedula albicollis]]
| 1.6 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:FicedulaAlbicollisIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 139
| Q838749
| [[Scréachóg Steller|Cyanocitta stelleri]]
| Cyanocitta stelleri
| [[:commons:Category:Cyanocitta stelleri|Cyanocitta stelleri]]
| 8.1 g&lt;br/&gt;94 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Cyanocitta stelleri map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 140
| Q25345384
| [[cág]]
| Coloeus monedula
| [[:commons:Category:Coloeus monedula|Coloeus monedula]]
| 
| 0.65 m
| [[Íomhá:Corvus monedula distribution de.svg|center|128px]]
| 20 d
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 141
| Q191386
| [[cág gob-bhuí]]
| Pyrrhocorax graculus
| [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhocorax graculus|Pyrrhocorax graculus]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Pyrrhocoraxgraculusmap.png|center|128px]]
| 19 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 142
| Q208405
| [[cánóg dhubh]]
| Puffinus puffinus
| [[:commons:Category:Puffinus puffinus|Puffinus puffinus]]
| 521 g
| 82 cm
| [[Íomhá:Puffinus puffinus distribution.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 143
| Q25234
| [[Lon dubh|céirseach]]
| Turdus merula
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus merula|Turdus merula]]
| 
| 36 cm
| [[Íomhá:Turdus merula distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 144
| Q244197
| [[Cíobhaí Beag Breac|cíobhaí beag breac]]
| Apteryx owenii
| [[:commons:Category:Apteryx owenii|Apteryx owenii]]
| 285 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Apteryx owenii - distribution map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 145
| Q734829
| [[Cíobhaí Donn an Oileáin Thuaidh|cíobhaí donn an Oileáin Thuaidh]]
| Apteryx mantelli
| [[:commons:Category:Apteryx mantelli|Apteryx mantelli]]
| 2.25 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.955 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:North Island Brown Kiwi.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 146
| Q730091
| [[Cíobhaí Mór Breac|cíobhaí mór breac]]
| Apteryx haastii
| [[:commons:Category:Apteryx haastii|Apteryx haastii]]
| 425 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:418px-NZ-kiwimapApteryx haastii.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 147
| Q26657
| [[Cíorbhuí coiteann|cíorbhuí]]
| Regulus regulus
| [[:commons:Category:Regulus regulus|Regulus regulus]]
| 0.77 g
| 14 cm
| [[Íomhá:Regulus regulus map.png|center|128px]]
| 17 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 148
| Q869023
| [[cíorlacha Phatagónach]]
| Lophonetta specularioides
| [[:commons:Category:Lophonetta specularioides|Lophonetta specularioides]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Lophonetta specularioides map.svg|center|128px]]
| 30 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 149
| Q716456
| [[Cúcabarra breac]]
| Dacelo tyro
| [[:commons:Category:Dacelo tyro|Dacelo tyro]]
| 136 g&lt;br/&gt;156 g
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 150
| Q854856
| [[Cúcabarra gormeiteach]]
| Dacelo leachii
| [[:commons:Category:Dacelo leachii|Dacelo leachii]]
| 334 g&lt;br/&gt;284 g
| 
| 
| 25 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 151
| Q824974
| [[Cúcabarra gáiriteach]]
| Dacelo novaeguineae
| [[:commons:Category:Dacelo novaeguineae|Dacelo novaeguineae]]
| 30.4 g&lt;br/&gt;307.2 g&lt;br/&gt;352.1 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Distribution laughing kookaburra.jpg|center|128px]]
| 24 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 152
| Q919707
| [[Cúcabarra sluasaidghobach]]
| Dacelo rex
| [[:commons:Category:Clytoceyx rex|Clytoceyx rex]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 153
| Q942119
| [[Cúcabarra tarr-ruadhonn]]
| Dacelo gaudichaud
| [[:commons:Category:Dacelo gaudichaud|Dacelo gaudichaud]]
| 143 g
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 154
| Q80362
| [[cúr dubh]]
| Milvus migrans
| [[:commons:Category:Milvus migrans|Milvus migrans]]
| 56 g&lt;br/&gt;828 g
| 1.52 m
| [[Íomhá:Milvus migrans distr.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 155
| Q156250
| [[cúr rua]]
| Milvus milvus
| [[:commons:Category:Milvus milvus|Milvus milvus]]
| 63 g&lt;br/&gt;1.012 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.232 kg
| 1.66 m
| [[Íomhá:Milvus milvus distr.png|center|128px]]
| 31 d
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 156
| Q184825
| [[deargán sneachta]]
| Turdus iliacus
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus iliacus|Turdus iliacus]]
| 4.9 g&lt;br/&gt;62 g
| 0.36 m
| [[Íomhá:Turdus iliacus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 157
| Q275591
| [[Meánchnagaire breac|Dendrocoptes medius]]
| Dendrocoptes medius
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocoptes medius|Dendrocoptes medius]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos medius distr.png|center|128px]]
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 158
| Q856531
| [[Dicrurus paradiseus]]
| Dicrurus paradiseus
| [[:commons:Category:Dicrurus paradiseus|Dicrurus paradiseus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 159
| Q26698
| [[donnóg]]
| Prunella modularis
| [[:commons:Category:Prunella modularis|Prunella modularis]]
| 
| 0.21 m
| [[Íomhá:PrunellaModularisIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 160
| Q167230
| [[Snámhaí balla|dreapaire balla]]
| Tichodroma muraria
| [[:commons:Category:Tichodroma muraria|Tichodroma muraria]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Mauerläufer1.png|center|128px]]
| 19 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 161
| Q25740
| [[dreoilín]]
| Troglodytes troglodytes
| [[:commons:Category:Troglodytes troglodytes|Troglodytes troglodytes]]
| 
| 15 cm
| [[Íomhá:TroglodytesTroglodytesIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 162
| Q27160
| [[droimneach beag]]
| Larus fuscus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus fuscus|Larus fuscus]]
| 880 g&lt;br/&gt;755 g
| 1.34 m
| [[Íomhá:Larus fuscus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 25 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 163
| Q26629
| [[droimneach mór]]
| Larus marinus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus marinus|Larus marinus]]
| 
| 1.67 m
| [[Íomhá:Larus marinus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 164
| Q25469
| [[Druid choiteann|druid]]
| Sturnus vulgaris
| [[:commons:Category:Sturnus vulgaris|Sturnus vulgaris]]
| 
| 0.38 m
| [[Íomhá:Sturnus vulgaris map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 165
| Q890912
| [[Druid droimchorcra|druid dauria]]
| Agropsar sturninus
| [[:commons:Category:Agropsar sturninus|Agropsar sturninus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 166
| Q20823352
| [[druid rósach]]
| Pastor roseus
| [[:commons:Category:Pastor roseus|Pastor roseus]]
| 6.6 g&lt;br/&gt;79.6 g&lt;br/&gt;66.9 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:PastorRoseusIUCNver2020-1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 167
| Q25402
| [[eala bhalbh]]
| Cygnus olor
| [[:commons:Category:Cygnus olor|Cygnus olor]]
| 11.8 kg&lt;br/&gt;9.67 kg
| 230 cm
| [[Íomhá:CygnusOlorIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 168
| Q131044
| [[eala dhubh]]
| Cygnus atratus
| [[:commons:Category:Cygnus atratus|Cygnus atratus]]
| 258 g&lt;br/&gt;6.2 kg&lt;br/&gt;5.1 kg
| 180 cm
| [[Íomhá:Black Swan.png|center|128px]]
| 38 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 169
| Q25612
| [[eala ghlórach]]
| Cygnus cygnus
| [[:commons:Category:Cygnus cygnus|Cygnus cygnus]]
| 331 g&lt;br/&gt;14 kg&lt;br/&gt;8.75 kg
| 2.29 m
| [[Íomhá:Cygnus-cygnus.png|center|128px]]
| 36 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 170
| Q244432
| [[eala phíbdhubh]]
| Cygnus melancoryphus
| [[:commons:Category:Cygnus melancoryphus|Cygnus melancoryphus]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Cygnus melancoryphus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 35 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 171
| Q26603
| [[eala thundra]]
| Cygnus columbianus
| [[:commons:Category:Cygnus columbianus|Cygnus columbianus]]
| 7.258 kg&lt;br/&gt;6.305 kg
| 1.98 m
| [[Íomhá:Cygnus columbianus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 172
| Q26620
| [[earrdheargán]]
| Phoenicurus phoenicurus
| [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus phoenicurus|Phoenicurus phoenicurus]]
| 
| 22 cm
| [[Íomhá:Distribution ph phoenicurus.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 173
| Q796484
| [[Earrdheargán báneiteach|earrdheargán Cugasach]]
| Phoenicurus erythrogastrus
| [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus erythrogastrus|Phoenicurus erythrogastrus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 174
| Q26755
| [[earrdheargán dubh]]
| Phoenicurus ochruros
| [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus ochruros|Phoenicurus ochruros]]
| 
| 25 cm
| [[Íomhá:DistributionBlackRedstart.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 175
| Q645528
| [[Euplectes franciscanus|Easpag flannbhuí]]
| Euplectes franciscanus
| [[:commons:Category:Euplectes franciscanus|Euplectes franciscanus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 176
| Q205491
| [[Gealóg charraige|Emberiza cia]]
| Emberiza cia
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza cia|Emberiza cia]]
| 2.77 g&lt;br/&gt;23 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:EmberizaCiaIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 177
| Q1262861
| [[Spioróg mhór ruadhonn|Erythrotriorchis radiatus]]
| Erythrotriorchis radiatus
| [[:commons:Category:Erythrotriorchis radiatus|Erythrotriorchis radiatus]]
| 630 g&lt;br/&gt;1.1 kg
| 123.5 cm
| 
| 41 d
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 178
| Q1060483
| [[Eurylaimus ochromalus]]
| Eurylaimus ochromalus
| [[:commons:Category:Eurylaimus ochromalus|Eurylaimus ochromalus]]
| 33 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Eurylaimus ochromalus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 179
| Q748290
| [[fabhcún Barbarach]]
| Falco pelegrinoides
| [[:commons:Category:Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides|Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 180
| Q25876
| [[Fabhcún coille Eoráiseach]]
| Falco subbuteo
| [[:commons:Category:Falco subbuteo|Falco subbuteo]]
| 24 g&lt;br/&gt;181.5 g&lt;br/&gt;240.5 g
| 0.74 m
| [[Íomhá:FalcoSubbuteoIUCNver2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 29 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 181
| Q179625
| [[fabhcún cosdearg]]
| Falco vespertinus
| [[:commons:Category:Falco vespertinus|Falco vespertinus]]
| 17 g&lt;br/&gt;150 g&lt;br/&gt;167 g
| 0.72 m
| [[Íomhá:Falco vespertinus distr.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 182
| Q30535
| [[Falco peregrinus|fabhcún gorm]]
| Falco peregrinus
| [[:commons:Category:Falco peregrinus|Falco peregrinus]]
| 
| 1.02 m
| [[Íomhá:PeregrineRangeMap.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 183
| Q33554
| [[fabhcún Lanner]]
| Falco biarmicus
| [[:commons:Category:Falco biarmicus|Falco biarmicus]]
| 
| 100.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:FalcoBiarmicusIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 32 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 184
| Q165974
| [[fabhcún Saker]]
| Falco cherrug
| [[:commons:Category:Falco cherrug|Falco cherrug]]
| 53 g&lt;br/&gt;875 g&lt;br/&gt;1.13 kg
| 111.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Falco cherrug distr.png|center|128px]]
| 30 d
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 185
| Q177688
| [[fabhcún tuaithe]]
| Falco rusticolus
| [[:commons:Category:Falco rusticolus|Falco rusticolus]]
| 
| 58 cm
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 186
| Q206840
| [[falaróp gobchaol]]
| Phalaropus lobatus
| [[:commons:Category:Phalaropus lobatus|Phalaropus lobatus]]
| 6.3 g&lt;br/&gt;35 g&lt;br/&gt;39 g
| 0.34 m
| [[Íomhá:Phalaropus lobatus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 19 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 187
| Q208335
| [[falaróp gobmhór]]
| Phalaropus fulicarius
| [[:commons:Category:Phalaropus fulicarius|Phalaropus fulicarius]]
| 
| 0.42 m
| [[Íomhá:Phalaropus fulicarius map.svg|center|128px]]
| 19 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 188
| Q26470
| [[falcóg bheag]]
| Alle alle
| [[:commons:Category:Alle alle|Alle alle]]
| 28 g
| 0.32 m
| [[Íomhá:Alle alle - distribution map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 189
| Q683138
| [[faoileán Airméanach]]
| Larus armenicus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus armenicus|Larus armenicus]]
| 1 kg
| 140 cm
| [[Íomhá:Larus armenicus range.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 190
| Q619065
| [[faoileán an Aigéin Chiúin]]
| Larus pacificus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus pacificus|Larus pacificus]]
| 98.4 g&lt;br/&gt;1.55 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.077 kg
| 147 cm
| 
| 24 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 191
| Q754885
| [[faoileán bandghobach]]
| Larus delawarensis
| [[:commons:Category:Larus delawarensis|Larus delawarensis]]
| 566 g&lt;br/&gt;471 g
| 1150 mm
| [[Íomhá:Larus delawarensis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 192
| Q26427
| [[faoileán bán]]
| Larus canus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus canus|Larus canus]]
| 413 g&lt;br/&gt;360 g
| 1.11 m
| [[Íomhá:Larus canus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 193
| Q27375
| [[faoileán glas]]
| Larus hyperboreus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus hyperboreus|Larus hyperboreus]]
| 1.576 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.249 kg
| 158 cm
| [[Íomhá:Larus hyperboreus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 194
| Q391421
| [[Crotach gobchaol|faoileán gobchaol]]
| Chroicocephalus genei
| [[:commons:Category:Chroicocephalus genei|Chroicocephalus genei]]
| 29 g&lt;br/&gt;275 g&lt;br/&gt;236 g
| 102 cm
| [[Íomhá:ChroicocephalusGeneiIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 22 d
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 195
| Q389505
| [[faoileán gáiriteach]]
| Larus cachinnans
| [[:commons:Category:Larus cachinnans|Larus cachinnans]]
| 60 g&lt;br/&gt;1.275 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.033 kg
| 141 cm
| [[Íomhá:LarusCachinnansIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 27 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 196
| Q28236
| [[faoileán scadán]]
| Larus argentatus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus argentatus|Larus argentatus]]
| 
| 1.34 m
| [[Íomhá:Larus argentatus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 197
| Q704982
| [[faoileán scadán cosbhuí]]
| Larus michahellis
| [[:commons:Category:Larus michahellis|Larus michahellis]]
| 
| 130 cm
| [[Íomhá:Larus michahellis map.png|center|128px]]
| 28 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 198
| Q742574
| [[feadlacha aghaidhbhán]]
| Dendrocygna viduata
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna viduata|Dendrocygna viduata]]
| 36 g&lt;br/&gt;674 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Dendrocygnaviduatarange.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 199
| Q378192
| [[feadlacha na nIndiacha Thiar]]
| Dendrocygna arborea
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna arborea|Dendrocygna arborea]]
| 54 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Dendrocygna arborea map.svg|center|128px]]
| 30 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 200
| Q752461
| [[feadlacha tharrdhubh]]
| Dendrocygna autumnalis
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna autumnalis|Dendrocygna autumnalis]]
| 831 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Dendrocygna autumnalis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 201
| Q21148
| [[feadóg bhuí]]
| Pluvialis apricaria
| [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis apricaria|Pluvialis apricaria]]
| 32.8 g&lt;br/&gt;175 g
| 72 cm
| [[Íomhá:Pluvialis apricaria map.svg|center|128px]]
| 29 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 202
| Q18865
| [[feadóg bhuí Chiúin-Aigéanach]]
| Pluvialis fulva
| [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis fulva|Pluvialis fulva]]
| 18 g&lt;br/&gt;135 g
| 44 cm
| [[Íomhá:PluvialisFulvaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 203
| Q216836
| [[feadóg bhuí Mheiriceánach]]
| Pluvialis dominica
| [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis dominica|Pluvialis dominica]]
| 26 g&lt;br/&gt;145 g
| 0.62 m
| [[Íomhá:Pluvialis dominica map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 204
| Q752485
| [[Feadóg Áiseach|feadóg Chaispeach]]
| Anarhynchus asiaticus
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius asiaticus|Charadrius asiaticus]]
| 
| 58 cm
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 205
| Q26816
| [[feadóg chladaigh]]
| Charadrius hiaticula
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius hiaticula|Charadrius hiaticula]]
| 10.9 g
| 0.41 m
| [[Íomhá:Charadrius hiaticula map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 206
| Q752398
| [[Pilibín Indiach|feadóg dheargsprochallach]]
| Vanellus indicus
| [[:commons:Category:Vanellus indicus|Vanellus indicus]]
| 
| 0.683 m
| [[Íomhá:Vanellus indicus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 28 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 207
| Q827245
| [[feadóg earrbhán]]
| Vanellus leucurus
| [[:commons:Category:Vanellus leucurus|Vanellus leucurus]]
| 
| 62.5 cm
| 
| 22 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 208
| Q18857
| [[feadóg ghainimh mhór]]
| Charadrius leschenaultii
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius leschenaultii|Charadrius leschenaultii]]
| 
| 52 cm
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 209
| Q18835
| [[feadóg ghlas]]
| Pluvialis squatarola
| [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis squatarola|Pluvialis squatarola]]
| 
| 77 cm
| [[Íomhá:Pluvialis squatarola map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 210
| Q755737
| [[feadóg ghlórach]]
| Charadrius vociferus
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius vociferus|Charadrius vociferus]]
| 
| 61 cm
| [[Íomhá:Charadrius vociferus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 211
| Q468009
| [[feadóg mhionbhosach]]
| Charadrius semipalmatus
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius semipalmatus|Charadrius semipalmatus]]
| 
| 47.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Charadrius semipalmatus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 212
| Q18851
| [[feadóigín chladaigh]]
| Charadrius dubius
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius dubius|Charadrius dubius]]
| 7.7 g
| 45 cm
| [[Íomhá:CharadriusDubiusIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 24 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 213
| Q18855
| [[feadóigín chosdubh]]
| Charadrius alexandrinus
| [[:commons:Category:Anarhynchus alexandrinus|Anarhynchus alexandrinus]]
| 47 g
| 42.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:CharadriusAlexandrinusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 214
| Q25405
| [[Caróg liath|feannóg]]
| Corvus cornix
| [[:commons:Category:Corvus cornix|Corvus cornix]]
| 
| 98 cm
| [[Íomhá:Corvus cornix map.svg|center|128px]]
| 18 d
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 215
| Q168514
| [[Fearán Eorpach|fearán]]
| Streptopelia turtur
| [[:commons:Category:Streptopelia turtur|Streptopelia turtur]]
| 8.2 g&lt;br/&gt;136 g
| 50 cm
| [[Íomhá:StreptopeliaTurturIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 216
| Q54696
| [[fearán baicdhubh]]
| Streptopelia decaocto
| [[:commons:Category:Streptopelia decaocto|Streptopelia decaocto]]
| 9.2 g&lt;br/&gt;193 g
| 30 cm
| [[Íomhá:StreptopeliaDecaoctoIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 217
| Q750027
| [[fearán gubhach]]
| Zenaida macroura
| [[:commons:Category:Zenaida macroura|Zenaida macroura]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Zenaida macroura map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 218
| Q391198
| [[Colm gáiriteach|fearán pailme]]
| Spilopelia senegalensis
| [[:commons:Category:Spilopelia senegalensis|Spilopelia senegalensis]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 219
| Q25357
| [[fiach dubh]]
| Corvus corax
| [[:commons:Category:Corvus corax|Corvus corax]]
| 689 g&lt;br/&gt;1625 g&lt;br/&gt;1041 g&lt;br/&gt;25 g
| 120 cm&lt;br/&gt;150 cm
| [[Íomhá:Corvus corax map.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 220
| Q25393
| [[filiméala]]
| Luscinia megarhynchos
| [[:commons:Category:Luscinia megarhynchos|Luscinia megarhynchos]]
| 2.65 g
| 24 cm
| [[Íomhá:LusciniaMegarhynchosIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 221
| Q206130
| [[filiméala smólaigh]]
| Luscinia luscinia
| [[:commons:Category:Luscinia luscinia|Luscinia luscinia]]
| 3.06 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:LusciniaLusciniaIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 222
| Q192058
| [[foitheach cluasach]]
| Podiceps auritus
| [[:commons:Category:Podiceps auritus|Podiceps auritus]]
| 22.5 g&lt;br/&gt;449.5 g
| 62 cm
| [[Íomhá:Slavonian Grebe-location-map-en.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 223
| Q579718
| [[foitheach gob-alabhreac]]
| Podilymbus podiceps
| [[:commons:Category:Podilymbus podiceps|Podilymbus podiceps]]
| 20.5 g&lt;br/&gt;522 g&lt;br/&gt;358 g
| 54 cm
| [[Íomhá:Podilymbus podiceps map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 224
| Q25422
| [[foitheach mór]]
| Podiceps cristatus
| [[:commons:Category:Podiceps cristatus|Podiceps cristatus]]
| 39.5 g&lt;br/&gt;920 g&lt;br/&gt;830 g
| 88 cm
| [[Íomhá:PodicepsCristatusIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 28 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 225
| Q185183
| [[foitheach píbdhubh]]
| Podiceps nigricollis
| [[:commons:Category:Podiceps nigricollis|Podiceps nigricollis]]
| 
| 58 cm
| [[Íomhá:Black-necked Grebe-map-location-map-en.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 226
| Q179919
| [[foitheach píbrua]]
| Podiceps grisegena
| [[:commons:Category:Podiceps grisegena|Podiceps grisegena]]
| 30.5 g&lt;br/&gt;873.5 g&lt;br/&gt;785.4 g
| 0.725 m
| [[Íomhá:PodicepsGrisegenaIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 227
| Q21062
| [[foracha]]
| Uria aalge
| [[:commons:Category:Uria aalge|Uria aalge]]
| 108 g
| 0.707 m
| [[Íomhá:Uria aalge map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 228
| Q212055
| [[foracha dhubh]]
| Cepphus grylle
| [[:commons:Category:Cepphus grylle|Cepphus grylle]]
| 381 g
| 55 cm
| [[Íomhá:Cepphus grylle map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 229
| Q285165
| [[Francolin dubh|francóilín dubh]]
| Francolinus francolinus
| [[:commons:Category:Francolinus francolinus|Francolinus francolinus]]
| 425 g&lt;br/&gt;355 g
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 230
| Q25961
| [[Alauda arvensis|fuiseog]]
| Alauda arvensis
| [[:commons:Category:Alauda arvensis|Alauda arvensis]]
| 
| 0.35 m
| [[Íomhá:AlaudaArvensisIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 231
| Q207249
| [[fuiseog adharcach]]
| Eremophila alpestris
| [[:commons:Category:Eremophila alpestris|Eremophila alpestris]]
| 
| 32 cm
| [[Íomhá:EremophilaAlpestrisIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 232
| Q470853
| [[Fuiseog chalandra|fuiseog aithriseach]]
| Melanocorypha calandra
| [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha calandra|Melanocorypha calandra]]
| 63 g&lt;br/&gt;55 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Melanocorypha calandra distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 233
| Q1137284
| [[fuiseog bháneiteach]]
| Alauda leucoptera
| [[:commons:Category:Alauda leucoptera|Alauda leucoptera]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 234
| Q26969
| [[fuiseog choille]]
| Lullula arborea
| [[:commons:Category:Lullula arborea|Lullula arborea]]
| 
| 29 cm
| [[Íomhá:Lullula arborea distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 235
| Q318893
| [[Fuiseog Elton|fuiseog dhubh]]
| Melanocorypha yeltoniensis
| [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha yeltoniensis|Melanocorypha yeltoniensis]]
| 4.34 g&lt;br/&gt;63.7 g&lt;br/&gt;56.4 g
| 
| 
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 236
| Q819885
| [[fuiseog dhébhallach]]
| Melanocorypha bimaculata
| [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha bimaculata|Melanocorypha bimaculata]]
| 4.04 g&lt;br/&gt;54 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Melanocorypha bimaculata distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 237
| Q24843
| [[fuiseog ladharghearr]]
| Calandrella brachydactyla
| [[:commons:Category:Calandrella brachydactyla|Calandrella brachydactyla]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:CalandrellaBrachydactylaIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 238
| Q525871
| [[fuiseog oirthearach]]
| Alauda gulgula
| [[:commons:Category:Alauda gulgula|Alauda gulgula]]
| 
| 
| 
| 10 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 239
| Q25429
| [[fáinleog]]
| Hirundo rustica
| [[:commons:Category:Hirundo rustica|Hirundo rustica]]
| 
| 0.32 m
| [[Íomhá:Hirundo rustica.png|center|128px]]
| 13.5 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 240
| Q26055
| [[gabhlán binne]]
| Delichon urbicum
| [[:commons:Category:Delichon urbicum|Delichon urbicum]]
| 
| 0.29 m
| [[Íomhá:Delichon urbicum.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 241
| Q165923
| [[gabhlán bánlíoch]]
| Apus pallidus
| [[:commons:Category:Apus pallidus|Apus pallidus]]
| 3.5 g&lt;br/&gt;41.3 g
| 0.44 m
| 
| 22 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 242
| Q213216
| [[gabhlán creige Eoráiseach]]
| Ptyonoprogne rupestris
| [[:commons:Category:Ptyonoprogne rupestris|Ptyonoprogne rupestris]]
| 2.08 g&lt;br/&gt;20 g
| 0.32 m
| [[Íomhá:Ptyonoprogne rupestris.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 243
| Q31769
| [[gabhlán earrspíonach]]
| Hirundapus caudacutus
| [[:commons:Category:Hirundapus caudacutus|Hirundapus caudacutus]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:HirundapusCaudacutusDistribution.png|center|128px]]
| 40 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 244
| Q25909
| [[gabhlán gainimh]]
| Riparia riparia
| [[:commons:Category:Riparia riparia|Riparia riparia]]
| 
| 0.27 m
| [[Íomhá:Riparia riparia map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 245
| Q25377
| [[gabhlán gaoithe]]
| Apus apus
| [[:commons:Category:Apus apus|Apus apus]]
| 3.5 g
| 0.4 m
| [[Íomhá:Apus apus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 20 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 246
| Q321267
| [[Gabhlán Alpach|gabhlán gaoithe alpach]]
| Tachymarptis melba
| [[:commons:Category:Tachymarptis melba|Tachymarptis melba]]
| 6.05 g&lt;br/&gt;96 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:TachymarptisMelbaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 247
| Q611324
| [[Gabhlán beag|gabhlán gaoithe beag]]
| Apus affinis
| [[:commons:Category:Apus affinis|Apus affinis]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:ApusAffinisDistribution.png|center|128px]]
| 23 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 248
| Q912863
| [[gabhlán simléir]]
| Chaetura pelagica
| [[:commons:Category:Chaetura pelagica|Chaetura pelagica]]
| 23.6 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Chimney Swift range.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 249
| Q128002
| [[gaineamhchearc Pallas]]
| Syrrhaptes paradoxus
| [[:commons:Category:Syrrhaptes paradoxus|Syrrhaptes paradoxus]]
| 21 g
| 69 cm
| [[Íomhá:SyrrhaptesParadoxusIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 24 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 250
| Q18875
| [[Geabhróg choiteann|geabhróg]]
| Sterna hirundo
| [[:commons:Category:Sterna hirundo|Sterna hirundo]]
| 
| 0.88 m
| [[Íomhá:CommonTernmap.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 251
| Q26800
| [[geabhróg Artach]]
| Sterna paradisaea
| [[:commons:Category:Sterna paradisaea|Sterna paradisaea]]
| 114 g
| 0.8 m
| [[Íomhá:Sterna paradisaea distribution and migration map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 252
| Q12267692
| [[geabhróg bheag]]
| Sternula albifrons
| [[:commons:Category:Sternula albifrons|Sternula albifrons]]
| 10 g&lt;br/&gt;57 g
| 0.52 m
| [[Íomhá:SternulaAlbifronsIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 253
| Q233616
| [[geabhróg bhroinndubh]]
| Chlidonias hybrida
| [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias hybrida|Chlidonias hybrida]]
| 90 g&lt;br/&gt;78 g
| 67 cm
| [[Íomhá:ChlidoniasHybridaIUCN2019 3.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 254
| Q241753
| [[geabhróg bháneiteach]]
| Chlidonias leucopterus
| [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias leucopterus|Chlidonias leucopterus]]
| 10.5 g
| 0.65 m
| [[Íomhá:Chlidonias leucopterus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 255
| Q27129
| [[geabhróg Chaispeach]]
| Hydroprogne caspia
| [[:commons:Category:Hydroprogne caspia|Hydroprogne caspia]]
| 680 g&lt;br/&gt;588 g
| 133.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Hydroprogne caspia map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 256
| Q27215
| [[geabhróg dhubh]]
| Chlidonias niger
| [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias niger|Chlidonias niger]]
| 11 g&lt;br/&gt;60 g
| 0.539 m
| [[Íomhá:Chlidonias niger map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 257
| Q18834
| [[geabhróg ghobdhubh]]
| Gelochelidon nilotica
| [[:commons:Category:Gelochelidon nilotica|Gelochelidon nilotica]]
| 
| 94 cm
| [[Íomhá:Gelochelidon nilotica map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 258
| Q321293
| [[geabhróg rósach]]
| Sterna dougallii
| [[:commons:Category:Sterna dougallii|Sterna dougallii]]
| 
| 76 cm
| [[Íomhá:Sterna dougallii map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 259
| Q27547
| [[geabhróg scothdhubh]]
| Thalasseus sandvicensis
| [[:commons:Category:Thalasseus sandvicensis|Thalasseus sandvicensis]]
| 
| 1 m
| [[Íomhá:ThalasseusSandvicensisIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 260
| Q14683
| [[gealbhan binne]]
| Passer domesticus
| [[:commons:Category:Passer domesticus|Passer domesticus]]
| 30.5 g
| 239 mm&lt;br/&gt;23 cm
| [[Íomhá:PasserDomesticusDistribution.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 261
| Q25968
| [[gealbhan crainn]]
| Passer montanus
| [[:commons:Category:Passer montanus|Passer montanus]]
| 26 g
| 21 cm
| [[Íomhá:Passermontanusmap.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 262
| Q736313
| [[Gealbhan petronia|gealbhan creige]]
| Petronia petronia
| [[:commons:Category:Petronia petronia|Petronia petronia]]
| 
| 
| 
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 263
| Q1318638
| [[Gealbhan ladharghearr|gealbhan mílítheach]]
| Carpospiza brachydactyla
| [[:commons:Category:Carpospiza brachydactyla|Carpospiza brachydactyla]]
| 
| 
| 
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 264
| Q422873
| [[gealbhan sionnaigh]]
| Passerella iliaca
| [[:commons:Category:Passerella iliaca|Passerella iliaca]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Passerella iliaca map 2.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 265
| Q499290
| [[Glasán gléigeal|gealbhan sneachta]]
| Montifringilla nivalis
| [[:commons:Category:Montifringilla nivalis|Montifringilla nivalis]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:MontifringillaNivalisIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 266
| Q466200
| [[Gealbhan Easpáinneach|gealbhan Spáinneach]]
| Passer hispaniolensis
| [[:commons:Category:Passer hispaniolensis|Passer hispaniolensis]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:SpanishSparrowMap.svg|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 267
| Q27220
| [[gealóg bhuachair]]
| Emberiza calandra
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza calandra|Emberiza calandra]]
| 
| 29 cm
| [[Íomhá:EmberizaCalandraIUCN2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 268
| Q334183
| [[gealóg cheanndubh]]
| Emberiza melanocephala
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza melanocephala|Emberiza melanocephala]]
| 3.08 g&lt;br/&gt;28 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:EmberizaMap.svg|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 269
| Q842599
| [[Gealbhan ceoil|Gealóg cheoil]]
| Melospiza melodia
| [[:commons:Category:Melospiza melodia|Melospiza melodia]]
| 24 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Melospiza melodia map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 270
| Q206630
| [[gealóg gharraí]]
| Emberiza hortulana
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza hortulana|Emberiza hortulana]]
| 2.48 g
| 26 cm
| [[Íomhá:EmberizaHortulanaIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 11 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 271
| Q26961
| [[gealóg ghiolcaí]]
| Emberiza schoeniclus
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza schoeniclus|Emberiza schoeniclus]]
| 
| 24 cm
| [[Íomhá:EmberizaSchoeniclusIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 272
| Q837753
| [[Gealóg Chretzschmar|gealóg liathghorm]]
| Emberiza caesia
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza caesia|Emberiza caesia]]
| 2.31 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Emberiza caesia 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 273
| Q648313
| [[Gealóg Bhuchanan|gealóg liathmhuinceach]]
| Emberiza buchanani
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza buchanani|Emberiza buchanani]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 274
| Q26416
| [[gealóg shneachta]]
| Plectrophenax nivalis
| [[:commons:Category:Plectrophenax nivalis|Plectrophenax nivalis]]
| 
| 35 cm
| [[Íomhá:Plectrophenax nivalis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 275
| Q28358
| [[Gearg choiteann|gearg]]
| Coturnix coturnix
| [[:commons:Category:Coturnix coturnix|Coturnix coturnix]]
| 8.2 g
| 34 cm
| [[Íomhá:CoturnixCoturnixIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 18 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 276
| Q142651
| [[gearg bhabaight]]
| Colinus virginianus
| [[:commons:Category:Colinus virginianus|Colinus virginianus]]
| 8.9 g&lt;br/&gt;171 g
| 34.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Colinus virginianus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 277
| Q852146
| [[gearg Himiléach]]
| Ophrysia superciliosa
| [[:commons:Category:Ophrysia superciliosa|Ophrysia superciliosa]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Ophrysia map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 278
| Q716869
| [[gearg Sheapánach]]
| Coturnix japonica
| [[:commons:Category:Coturnix japonica|Coturnix japonica]]
| 8 g
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 279
| Q237670
| [[gearr Baillon]]
| Zapornia pusilla
| [[:commons:Category:Zapornia pusilla|Zapornia pusilla]]
| 35 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:PorzanaPusillaIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 18 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 280
| Q270680
| [[gearr beag]]
| Zapornia parva
| [[:commons:Category:Zapornia parva|Zapornia parva]]
| 7.9 g
| 36.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:ZaporniaParvaIUCNver2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 281
| Q194024
| [[gearr breac]]
| Porzana porzana
| [[:commons:Category:Porzana porzana|Porzana porzana]]
| 10.9 g&lt;br/&gt;80 g
| 0.38 m
| [[Íomhá:Porzana porzana distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 18 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 282
| Q936740
| [[gearr sora]]
| Porzana carolina
| [[:commons:Category:Porzana carolina|Porzana carolina]]
| 8.9 g
| 37.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Porzana carolina map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 283
| Q110257516
| [[Gilphíb choiteann|Gilphíb]]
| Curruca communis
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca communis|Curruca communis]]
| 1.78 g&lt;br/&gt;14.5 g
| 20 cm
| [[Íomhá:SylviaCommunisIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 284
| Q110257504
| [[Gilphíb bheag]]
| Curruca curruca
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca curruca|Curruca curruca]]
| 
| 18 cm
| [[Íomhá:SylviaCurrucaIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 11 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 285
| Q27075785
| [[glasán darach]]
| Chloris chloris
| [[:commons:Category:Chloris chloris|Chloris chloris]]
| 2.17 g
| 0.25 m
| [[Íomhá:Carduelis chloris distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 286
| Q559977
| [[Glasán cródheargach|glasán deargeiteach]]
| Rhodopechys sanguineus
| [[:commons:Category:Rhodopechys sanguineus|Rhodopechys sanguineus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 287
| Q174088
| [[glasán gobmhór]]
| Coccothraustes coccothraustes
| [[:commons:Category:Coccothraustes coccothraustes|Coccothraustes coccothraustes]]
| 
| 31 cm
| [[Íomhá:Rangemap-grosbec.png|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 288
| Q921335
| [[glasán Mongólach]]
| Bucanetes mongolicus
| [[:commons:Category:Bucanetes mongolicus|Bucanetes mongolicus]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Bucanetes mongolicus Distribution Map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 289
| Q559883
| [[Glasán cogalach|glasán trumpa]]
| Bucanetes githagineus
| [[:commons:Category:Bucanetes githagineus|Bucanetes githagineus]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Bucanetes githagineus map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 290
| Q25984
| [[glasóg bhuí]]
| Motacilla flava
| [[:commons:Category:Motacilla flava|Motacilla flava]]
| 
| 0.26 m
| [[Íomhá:MotacillaFlavaIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 291
| Q25399
| [[glasóg bhán]]
| Motacilla alba
| [[:commons:Category:Motacilla alba|Motacilla alba]]
| 
| 0.26 m
| [[Íomhá:Motacilla alba distribution.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 292
| Q206540
| [[glasóg chiotrónach]]
| Motacilla citreola
| [[:commons:Category:Motacilla citreola|Motacilla citreola]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:MotacillaCitreolaIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 293
| Q201316
| [[glasóg liath]]
| Motacilla cinerea
| [[:commons:Category:Motacilla cinerea|Motacilla cinerea]]
| 1.91 g&lt;br/&gt;17.4 g
| 26 cm
| [[Íomhá:MotacillaCinereaDistributionMapIUCNv8 2.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 294
| Q27075852
| [[gleoiseach]]
| Linaria cannabina
| [[:commons:Category:Linaria cannabina|Linaria cannabina]]
| 1.66 g&lt;br/&gt;19 g
| 0.24 m
| [[Íomhá:LinariaCannabinaIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 295
| Q582976
| [[Glaséan súildearg|Gleoiseach shúildearg]]
| Vireo olivaceus
| [[:commons:Category:Vireo olivaceus|Vireo olivaceus]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Vireo olivaceus map 2.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 296
| Q10965357
| [[gleoiseach sléibhe]]
| Linaria flavirostris
| [[:commons:Category:Linaria flavirostris|Linaria flavirostris]]
| 1.37 g
| 23 cm
| [[Íomhá:LinariaFlavirostrisIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 297
| Q839834
| [[gobach mór broinnrósach]]
| Pheucticus ludovicianus
| [[:commons:Category:Pheucticus ludovicianus|Pheucticus ludovicianus]]
| 44 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Pheucticus ludovicianus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 298
| Q788649
| [[gobadáinín Baird]]
| Calidris bairdii
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris bairdii|Calidris bairdii]]
| 9.6 g
| 38 cm
| [[Íomhá:Calidris bairdii map.svg|center|128px]]
| 21 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 299
| Q27232
| [[gobadáinín beag]]
| Calidris minuta
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris minuta|Calidris minuta]]
| 6.3 g&lt;br/&gt;24 g&lt;br/&gt;27.1 g
| 36 cm
| [[Íomhá:CalidrisMinutaIUCNver2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 22 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 300
| Q913052
| [[gobadáinín bídeach]]
| Calidris minutilla
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris minutilla|Calidris minutilla]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Calidris minutilla map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 301
| Q62345
| [[gobadáinín crotaigh]]
| Calidris ferruginea
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris ferruginea|Calidris ferruginea]]
| 12 g
| 44 cm
| [[Íomhá:Curlew sandpiper rangemap (cropped).svg|center|128px]]
| 19 d
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 302
| Q845969
| [[gobadáinín ladharfhada]]
| Calidris subminuta
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris subminuta|Calidris subminuta]]
| 7.5 g&lt;br/&gt;29 g&lt;br/&gt;32 g
| 30.5 cm
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 303
| Q18860
| [[gobadáinín píbrua]]
| Calidris ruficollis
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris ruficollis|Calidris ruficollis]]
| 8.3 g&lt;br/&gt;26 g
| 31 cm
| [[Íomhá:Red-necked Stint.jpg|center|128px]]
| 21 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 304
| Q58921
| [[gobadáinín Temminck]]
| Calidris temminckii
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris temminckii|Calidris temminckii]]
| 5.8 g&lt;br/&gt;24.3 g&lt;br/&gt;27.8 g
| 36 cm
| [[Íomhá:Calidris temminckii distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 21 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 305
| Q18850
| [[Gobadán coiteann|gobadán]]
| Actitis hypoleucos
| [[:commons:Category:Actitis hypoleucos|Actitis hypoleucos]]
| 
| 0.273 m
| [[Íomhá:ActitisHypoleucosIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 306
| Q599749
| [[gobadán bánphrompach]]
| Calidris fuscicollis
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris fuscicollis|Calidris fuscicollis]]
| 10.8 g&lt;br/&gt;39.7 g&lt;br/&gt;45.8 g
| 37 cm
| [[Íomhá:Calidris fuscicollis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 307
| Q18837
| [[gobadán coille]]
| Tringa glareola
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa glareola|Tringa glareola]]
| 13.5 g&lt;br/&gt;62 g&lt;br/&gt;73 g
| 0.4 m
| 
| 22 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 308
| Q62359
| [[gobadán cosbhuí]]
| Calidris maritima
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris maritima|Calidris maritima]]
| 67.6 g&lt;br/&gt;76.3 g
| 44 cm
| [[Íomhá:Calidris maritima map2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 309
| Q753760
| [[gobadán earr-rinneach]]
| Calidris acuminata
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris acuminata|Calidris acuminata]]
| 13.7 g&lt;br/&gt;70.3 g&lt;br/&gt;63.5 g
| 39.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Calidris acuminata map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 310
| Q28450
| [[gobadán glas]]
| Tringa ochropus
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa ochropus|Tringa ochropus]]
| 15.5 g&lt;br/&gt;75 g&lt;br/&gt;85 g
| 59 cm
| [[Íomhá:TringaOchropusIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 21 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 311
| Q28114227
| [[Gobadán gobleathan]]
| Calidris falcinellus
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris falcinellus|Calidris falcinellus]]
| 9.1 g&lt;br/&gt;37 g
| 36.5 cm
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 312
| Q839820
| [[gobadán scodalach]]
| Calidris himantopus
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris himantopus|Calidris himantopus]]
| 
| 42.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Calidris himantopus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 20 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 313
| Q530194
| [[gobadán sléibhe]]
| Bartramia longicauda
| [[:commons:Category:Bartramia longicauda|Bartramia longicauda]]
| 
| 66 cm
| [[Íomhá:Bartramia longicauda map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 314
| Q18856
| [[gobadán Terek]]
| Xenus cinereus
| [[:commons:Category:Xenus cinereus|Xenus cinereus]]
| 
| 58 cm
| [[Íomhá:XenusCinereusIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 23 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 315
| Q26578
| [[gormphíb]]
| Luscinia svecica
| [[:commons:Category:Luscinia svecica|Luscinia svecica]]
| 
| 22 cm
| [[Íomhá:Luscinia svecica distribution.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 316
| Q1263452
| [[Grallaria ridgelyi]]
| Grallaria ridgelyi
| [[:commons:Category:Grallaria ridgelyi|Grallaria ridgelyi]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Jocotoco Antpitta range.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 317
| Q191683
| [[grús coimir]]
| Anthropoides virgo
| [[:commons:Category:Grus virgo|Grus virgo]]
| 
| 167.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:AnthropoidesVirgoIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 318
| Q4764
| [[grús coiteann]]
| Grus grus
| [[:commons:Category:Grus grus|Grus grus]]
| 
| 2.22 m
| [[Íomhá:Verbreitungskarte des Kranichs.png|center|128px]]
| 30 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 319
| Q457477
| [[grús Meiriceánach]]
| Grus americana
| [[:commons:Category:Grus americana|Grus americana]]
| 7.497 kg
| 215 cm
| [[Íomhá:Grus americana map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 320
| Q21949185
| [[grús Sibéarach]]
| Leucogeranus leucogeranus
| [[:commons:Category:Grus leucogeranus|Grus leucogeranus]]
| 197 g
| 235 cm
| [[Íomhá:SiberianCrane.svg|center|128px]]
| 29 d
| ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 321
| Q27461
| [[guairdeall]]
| Hydrobates pelagicus
| [[:commons:Category:Hydrobates pelagicus|Hydrobates pelagicus]]
| 
| 38 cm
| [[Íomhá:Hydrobatesmap2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 322
| Q18841
| [[guilbneach earrdhubh]]
| Limosa limosa
| [[:commons:Category:Limosa limosa|Limosa limosa]]
| 39 g&lt;br/&gt;264 g&lt;br/&gt;315 g
| 76 cm
| [[Íomhá:LimosalimosaWorldDistribution.jpg|center|128px]]
| 23 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 323
| Q283458
| [[Cnota mór|guilbneach Hudsúnach]]
| Limosa haemastica
| [[:commons:Category:Limosa haemastica|Limosa haemastica]]
| 37.5 g&lt;br/&gt;222 g&lt;br/&gt;289 g
| 73 cm
| [[Íomhá:Limosa haemastica map.svg|center|128px]]
| 23 d
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 324
| Q18864
| [[guilbneach stríocearrach]]
| Limosa lapponica
| [[:commons:Category:Limosa lapponica|Limosa lapponica]]
| 313 g&lt;br/&gt;354 g
| 0.73 m
| [[Íomhá:Limosa-lapponica-distribution-map.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 325
| Q371633
| [[guilbnín gobghearr]]
| Limnodromus griseus
| [[:commons:Category:Limnodromus griseus|Limnodromus griseus]]
| 113 g
| 48 cm
| [[Íomhá:Limnodromus griseus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 326
| Q83020448
| [[Seaga|Gulosus aristotelis]]
| Gulosus aristotelis
| [[:commons:Category:Gulosus aristotelis|Gulosus aristotelis]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:GulosusAristotelisIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 327
| Q177856
| [[Bultúr gríofa|Gyps fulvus]]
| Gyps fulvus
| [[:commons:Category:Gyps fulvus|Gyps fulvus]]
| 252 g&lt;br/&gt;8.328 kg
| 2.591 m
| [[Íomhá:Gyps fulvus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 54 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 328
| Q212937
| [[gé alabhreac chosbhuí]]
| Anseranas semipalmata
| [[:commons:Category:Anseranas semipalmata|Anseranas semipalmata]]
| 128 g
| 155 cm&lt;br/&gt;145 cm
| [[Íomhá:A semipalmata range map.png|center|128px]]
| 28 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 329
| Q187852
| [[gé bhroinnrua]]
| Branta ruficollis
| [[:commons:Category:Branta ruficollis|Branta ruficollis]]
| 1.095 kg&lt;br/&gt;90 g&lt;br/&gt;1.375 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Branta ruficollis map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 330
| Q172093
| [[gé bhánéadanach]]
| Anser albifrons
| [[:commons:Category:Anser albifrons|Anser albifrons]]
| 
| 1.41 m
| [[Íomhá:Anser albifrons map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 331
| Q26733
| [[gé Cheanadach]]
| Branta canadensis
| [[:commons:Category:Branta canadensis|Branta canadensis]]
| 3.814 kg&lt;br/&gt;3.314 kg&lt;br/&gt;5 kg
| 1.69 m
| [[Íomhá:Branta canadensis map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 332
| Q26680
| [[gé ghiúrainn]]
| Branta leucopsis
| [[:commons:Category:Branta leucopsis|Branta leucopsis]]
| 107 g&lt;br/&gt;1.788 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.586 kg
| 1.08 m
| [[Íomhá:Branta leucopsis map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 333
| Q25882
| [[gé ghlas]]
| Anser anser
| [[:commons:Category:Anser anser|Anser anser]]
| 160 g&lt;br/&gt;3.692 kg&lt;br/&gt;3.237 kg
| 1.55 m
| [[Íomhá:Anser anser distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 334
| Q244189
| [[Gé Hutchins|gé ghogallach]]
| Branta hutchinsii
| [[:commons:Category:Branta hutchinsii|Branta hutchinsii]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Branta hutchinsii map.svg|center|128px]]
| 26 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 335
| Q658658
| [[gé ghormeiteach Aibisíneach]]
| Cyanochen cyanoptera
| [[:commons:Category:Cyanochen cyanoptera|Cyanochen cyanoptera]]
| 52 g&lt;br/&gt;2.18 kg
| 
| 
| 32 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 336
| Q755653
| [[Gé impireach|gé impiriúil]]
| Anser canagicus
| [[:commons:Category:Anser canagicus|Anser canagicus]]
| 
| 119 cm
| [[Íomhá:Anser canagicus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 337
| Q766276
| [[gé luaithcheannach]]
| Chloephaga poliocephala
| [[:commons:Category:Chloephaga poliocephala|Chloephaga poliocephala]]
| 89 g&lt;br/&gt;2.233 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Chloephaga poliocephala map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 338
| Q837402
| [[gé mhongach]]
| Chenonetta jubata
| [[:commons:Category:Chenonetta jubata|Chenonetta jubata]]
| 54 g&lt;br/&gt;807 g
| 79 cm
| [[Íomhá:Chenonetta jubata distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 339
| Q129036
| [[gé shléibhe]]
| Chloephaga picta
| [[:commons:Category:Chloephaga picta|Chloephaga picta]]
| 73 g&lt;br/&gt;3.17 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.69 kg
| 1.29 m
| [[Íomhá:Chloephaga picta map.svg|center|128px]]
| 30 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 340
| Q27074540
| [[gé shneachta]]
| Anser caerulescens
| [[:commons:Category:Anser caerulescens|Anser caerulescens]]
| 127 g&lt;br/&gt;2.63 kg
| 148.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Chen caerulescens map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 341
| Q247412
| [[gé sporeiteach]]
| Plectropterus gambensis
| [[:commons:Category:Plectropterus gambensis|Plectropterus gambensis]]
| 5.4 kg&lt;br/&gt;4.375 kg&lt;br/&gt;140 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:PlectropterusGambensisIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 31 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 342
| Q191125
| [[gé stríoc-cheannach]]
| Anser indicus
| [[:commons:Category:Anser indicus|Anser indicus]]
| 141 g&lt;br/&gt;2.505 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.23 kg
| 150 cm
| 
| 28 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 343
| Q257006
| [[gé Thasmánach]]
| Cereopsis novaehollandiae
| [[:commons:Category:Cereopsis novaehollandiae|Cereopsis novaehollandiae]]
| 137 g&lt;br/&gt;5.29 kg&lt;br/&gt;3.77 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Cape barren Goose.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 344
| Q274179
| [[Gé Éigipteach]]
| Alopochen aegyptiaca
| [[:commons:Category:Alopochen aegyptiaca|Alopochen aegyptiaca]]
| 
| 144 cm
| [[Íomhá:Alopochen aegyptiaca map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 345
| Q62168711
| [[Ceolaire casarnaí Pallas|Helopsaltes certhiola]]
| Helopsaltes certhiola
| [[:commons:Category:Helopsaltes certhiola|Helopsaltes certhiola]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 346
| Q25247
| [[húpú]]
| Upupa epops
| [[:commons:Category:Upupa epops|Upupa epops]]
| 
| 44 cm
| [[Íomhá:Upupa distribution.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 347
| Q17970
| [[iabairiú]]
| Jabiru mycteria
| [[:commons:Category:Jabiru mycteria|Jabiru mycteria]]
| 
| 245 cm
| [[Íomhá:Jabiru mycteria map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 348
| Q232523
| [[Iolar breac beag|iolar beag breac]]
| Clanga pomarina
| [[:commons:Category:Clanga pomarina|Clanga pomarina]]
| 88 g&lt;br/&gt;1.258 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.693 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:ClangaPomarinaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 39 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 349
| Q182971
| [[iolar crúbchlúmhach]]
| Hieraaetus pennatus
| [[:commons:Category:Hieraaetus pennatus|Hieraaetus pennatus]]
| 62 g&lt;br/&gt;709 g&lt;br/&gt;975 g
| 1.11 m
| [[Íomhá:Distribution of Booted Eagle (Hieraetus pennatus).png|center|128px]]
| 38 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 350
| Q41181
| [[iolar fíréan]]
| Aquila chrysaetos
| [[:commons:Category:Aquila chrysaetos|Aquila chrysaetos]]
| 3.572 kg&lt;br/&gt;5.194 kg
| 2.03 m
| [[Íomhá:Cypron-Range Aquila chrysaetos.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 351
| Q53745
| [[iolar hairpí]]
| Harpia harpyja
| [[:commons:Category:Harpia harpyja|Harpia harpyja]]
| 4.4 kg&lt;br/&gt;7.5 kg
| 188.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Harpy Eagle Range.svg|center|128px]]
| 56 d
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 352
| Q168976
| [[iolar impiriúil]]
| Aquila heliaca
| [[:commons:Category:Aquila heliaca|Aquila heliaca]]
| 2.585 kg&lt;br/&gt;3.845 kg&lt;br/&gt;132 g
| 197.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Aquila heliaca area frei.jpg|center|128px]]
| 44 d
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 353
| Q170251
| [[Iolar nathartha gearrladhrach|iolar ladharghearr]]
| Circaetus gallicus
| [[:commons:Category:Circaetus gallicus|Circaetus gallicus]]
| 136 g
| 177 cm
| [[Íomhá:Circaetus gallicus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 46 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 354
| Q127216
| [[iolar maol]]
| Haliaeetus leucocephalus
| [[:commons:Category:Haliaeetus leucocephalus|Haliaeetus leucocephalus]]
| 117 g&lt;br/&gt;4.13 kg&lt;br/&gt;5.35 kg
| 2.3 m
| [[Íomhá:Haliaeetus leucocephalus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 355
| Q25438
| [[Iolar mara earrbhán|iolar mara]]
| Haliaeetus albicilla
| [[:commons:Category:Haliaeetus albicilla|Haliaeetus albicilla]]
| 142 g&lt;br/&gt;4.014 kg&lt;br/&gt;5.572 kg
| 2.18 m
| [[Íomhá:Haliaeetus albicilla distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 356
| Q179359
| [[iolar steipeach]]
| Aquila nipalensis
| [[:commons:Category:Aquila nipalensis|Aquila nipalensis]]
| 117 g&lt;br/&gt;2.459 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.987 kg
| 2.03 m
| [[Íomhá:Aquila nipalensis distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 45 d
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 357
| Q888660
| [[Bonnán amhrasach|Ixobrychus dubius]]
| Ixobrychus dubius
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus dubius|Botaurus dubius]]
| 
| 45 cm
| 
| 18 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 358
| Q888651
| [[Bonnán scartha|Ixobrychus involucris]]
| Botaurus involucris
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus involucris|Botaurus involucris]]
| 80 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Ixobrychus involucris map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 359
| Q26444
| [[lacha bhadánach]]
| Aythya fuligula
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya fuligula|Aythya fuligula]]
| 56 g
| 0.71 m
| [[Íomhá:AythyaFuligulaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 360
| Q25495361
| [[lacha bháneiteach]]
| Asarcornis scutulata
| [[:commons:Category:Asarcornis scutulata|Asarcornis scutulata]]
| 3.25 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.65 kg&lt;br/&gt;72.3 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Cairina scutulata distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 361
| Q597144
| [[lacha cheann-bhándearg]]
| Rhodonessa caryophyllacea
| [[:commons:Category:Rhodonessa caryophyllacea|Rhodonessa caryophyllacea]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:RhodonessaCaryophyllaceaMap.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 362
| Q241399
| [[lacha cheannbhán]]
| Oxyura leucocephala
| [[:commons:Category:Oxyura leucocephala|Oxyura leucocephala]]
| 96 g&lt;br/&gt;737 g&lt;br/&gt;593 g
| 66 cm
| [[Íomhá:OxyuraLeucocephala.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 363
| Q322159
| [[lacha choille]]
| Aix sponsa
| [[:commons:Category:Aix sponsa|Aix sponsa]]
| 
| 71 cm
| [[Íomhá:Aix sponsa map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 364
| Q845292
| [[lacha chosrua]]
| Anas rubripes
| [[:commons:Category:Anas rubripes|Anas rubripes]]
| 1.252 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.111 kg
| 90.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Anas rubripes map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 365
| Q426968
| [[lacha chuircíneach]]
| Sarkidiornis melanotos
| [[:commons:Category:Sarkidiornis melanotos|Sarkidiornis melanotos]]
| 66 g&lt;br/&gt;1.455 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.777 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Sarkidiornis melanotos distribution.png|center|128px]]
| 29 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 366
| Q26597
| [[lacha earrfhada]]
| Clangula hyemalis
| [[:commons:Category:Clangula hyemalis|Clangula hyemalis]]
| 
| 0.71 m
| [[Íomhá:Clangula hyemalis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 367
| Q654901
| [[lacha Fhilipíneach]]
| Anas luzonica
| [[:commons:Category:Anas luzonica|Anas luzonica]]
| 906 g&lt;br/&gt;779 g
| 84 cm
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 368
| Q535206
| [[lacha ghob-bhuí]]
| Anas undulata
| [[:commons:Category:Anas undulata|Anas undulata]]
| 55 g
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 369
| Q851349
| [[lacha ghobrósach]]
| Netta peposaca
| [[:commons:Category:Netta peposaca|Netta peposaca]]
| 1.181 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.004 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Netta peposaca map.svg|center|128px]]
| 28 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 370
| Q845624
| [[lacha Hartlaub]]
| Pteronetta hartlaubii
| [[:commons:Category:Pteronetta hartlaubii|Pteronetta hartlaubii]]
| 40 g&lt;br/&gt;1.035 kg&lt;br/&gt;790 g
| 
| 
| 31 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 371
| Q26635
| [[lacha iascán]]
| Aythya marila
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya marila|Aythya marila]]
| 
| 0.82 m
| [[Íomhá:AythyaMarilaIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 372
| Q917490
| [[lacha Meller]]
| Anas melleri
| [[:commons:Category:Anas melleri|Anas melleri]]
| 45 g
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 373
| Q200339
| [[lacha mhandrach]]
| Aix galericulata
| [[:commons:Category:Aix galericulata|Aix galericulata]]
| 41 g
| 71 cm
| [[Íomhá:Aix galericulata dis.PNG|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 374
| Q191723
| [[lacha mheirgeach]]
| Aythya nyroca
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya nyroca|Aythya nyroca]]
| 43 g&lt;br/&gt;583 g&lt;br/&gt;520 g
| 65 cm
| [[Íomhá:AythyaNyrocaIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 375
| Q601055
| [[lacha mhuinceach]]
| Aythya collaris
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya collaris|Aythya collaris]]
| 744 g&lt;br/&gt;671 g
| 68 cm
| [[Íomhá:Aythya collaris range map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 376
| Q647461
| [[lacha rua]]
| Oxyura jamaicensis
| [[:commons:Category:Oxyura jamaicensis|Oxyura jamaicensis]]
| 590 g&lt;br/&gt;499 g
| 57.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Oxyura jamaicensis distribution.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 377
| Q28106837
| [[Rualacha|Lacha rua]]
| Mareca penelope
| [[:commons:Category:Mareca penelope|Mareca penelope]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Mareca penelope map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 378
| Q839542
| [[lacha spotghobach]]
| Anas poecilorhyncha
| [[:commons:Category:Anas poecilorhyncha|Anas poecilorhyncha]]
| 57 g&lt;br/&gt;1.365 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.025 kg
| 0.689 m
| [[Íomhá:Anas poecilorhyncha map.svg|center|128px]]
| 26 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 379
| Q570379
| [[ladhrán buí]]
| Tringa melanoleuca
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa melanoleuca|Tringa melanoleuca]]
| 27.9 g&lt;br/&gt;170 g
| 72 cm
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 380
| Q18840
| [[laidhrín glas]]
| Tringa nebularia
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa nebularia|Tringa nebularia]]
| 30.5 g&lt;br/&gt;173 g
| 0.61 m
| [[Íomhá:TringaNebulariaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 26 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 381
| Q25418
| [[lasair choille]]
| Carduelis carduelis
| [[:commons:Category:Carduelis carduelis|Carduelis carduelis]]
| 1.53 g
| 0.24 m
| [[Íomhá:Carduelis carduelis map.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 382
| Q27471
| [[Lasairchíor choiteann|lasairchíor]]
| Regulus ignicapilla
| [[:commons:Category:Regulus ignicapilla|Regulus ignicapilla]]
| 
| 14 cm
| [[Íomhá:Regulus ignicapilla -approx range map.png|center|128px]]
| 16 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 383
| Q179863
| [[Lasairéan mór|lasairéan]]
| Phoenicopterus roseus
| [[:commons:Category:Phoenicopterus roseus|Phoenicopterus roseus]]
| 
| 163.5 cm
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 384
| Q644012
| [[Leptoptilos dubius]]
| Leptoptilos dubius
| [[:commons:Category:Leptoptilos dubius|Leptoptilos dubius]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:LeptoptilosDubiusMap.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 385
| Q155878
| [[liathchearc]]
| Lyrurus tetrix
| [[:commons:Category:Lyrurus tetrix|Lyrurus tetrix]]
| 1.175 kg&lt;br/&gt;925 g&lt;br/&gt;35.5 g
| 72 cm
| [[Íomhá:Lyrurus tetrix distribution.png|center|128px]]
| 26 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 386
| Q845408
| [[Cearc fhraoigh Chugasaigh|liathchearc cugasach]]
| Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi
| [[:commons:Category:Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi|Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi]]
| 32.5 g&lt;br/&gt;865 g&lt;br/&gt;766 g
| 
| 
| 22 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 387
| Q178942
| [[liatráisc]]
| Turdus viscivorus
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus viscivorus|Turdus viscivorus]]
| 
| 0.44 m
| [[Íomhá:Turdusviscivorusmap2.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 388
| Q26641
| [[lon creige]]
| Turdus torquatus
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus torquatus|Turdus torquatus]]
| 7.4 g
| 40 cm
| [[Íomhá:Turdus torquatus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 389
| Q58958
| [[luathrán]]
| Calidris alba
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris alba|Calidris alba]]
| 
| 35 cm
| [[Íomhá:Calidris alba map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 390
| Q184432
| [[lóma Artach]]
| Gavia arctica
| [[:commons:Category:Gavia arctica|Gavia arctica]]
| 
| 1.2 m
| [[Íomhá:Gavia arctica distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 391
| Q558990
| [[Lóma an Aigéin Chiúin|lóma ciúinmuirí]]
| Gavia pacifica
| [[:commons:Category:Gavia pacifica|Gavia pacifica]]
| 95 g&lt;br/&gt;2.349 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.115 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Gavia pacifica map.svg|center|128px]]
| 29 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 392
| Q26691
| [[lóma rua]]
| Gavia stellata
| [[:commons:Category:Gavia stellata|Gavia stellata]]
| 1.729 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.477 kg
| 1.04 m
| [[Íomhá:Gavia stellata map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 393
| Q673417
| [[Malacocincla perspicillata]]
| Malacocincla perspicillata
| [[:commons:Category:Malacocincla perspicillata|Malacocincla perspicillata]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 394
| Q25348
| [[mallard]]
| Anas platyrhynchos
| [[:commons:Category:Anas platyrhynchos|Anas platyrhynchos]]
| 
| 0.88 m
| [[Íomhá:AnasPlatyrhynchosIUCN2019 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 395
| Q28106966
| [[Gadual|Mareca strepera]]
| Mareca strepera
| [[:commons:Category:Mareca strepera|Mareca strepera]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Mareca strepera map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 396
| Q273067
| [[Meantán crochta|meantán crochadánach]]
| Remiz pendulinus
| [[:commons:Category:Remiz pendulinus|Remiz pendulinus]]
| 0.95 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Remiz pendulinus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 397
| Q192817
| [[meantán croiméalach]]
| Panurus biarmicus
| [[:commons:Category:Panurus biarmicus|Panurus biarmicus]]
| 1.88 g&lt;br/&gt;15.3 g
| 17 cm
| [[Íomhá:PanurusBiarmicusIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 398
| Q207831
| [[meantán cuircíneach]]
| Lophophanes cristatus
| [[:commons:Category:Lophophanes cristatus|Lophophanes cristatus]]
| 1.31 g
| 18 cm
| [[Íomhá:Lophophanes cristatus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 399
| Q574281
| [[Meantán gruama|meantán duairc]]
| Poecile lugubris
| [[:commons:Category:Poecile lugubris|Poecile lugubris]]
| 1.68 g&lt;br/&gt;16.8 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Parus lugubris. Distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 400
| Q191096
| [[meantán dubh]]
| Periparus ater
| [[:commons:Category:Periparus ater|Periparus ater]]
| 1.04 g
| 0.18 m
| [[Íomhá:PeriparusAterIUCN2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 401
| Q170831
| [[meantán earrfhada]]
| Aegithalos caudatus
| [[:commons:Category:Aegithalos caudatus|Aegithalos caudatus]]
| 
| 18 cm
| [[Íomhá:Schwanzmeise (Aegithalos caudatus) distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 402
| Q25404
| [[meantán gorm]]
| Cyanistes caeruleus
| [[:commons:Category:Cyanistes caeruleus|Cyanistes caeruleus]]
| 1.14 g&lt;br/&gt;11.8 g
| 18 cm
| [[Íomhá:Cyanistes caeruleus only.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 403
| Q4967039
| [[Meantán Hyrcaniach|meantán Iaránach]]
| Poecile hyrcanus
| [[:commons:Category:Poecile hyrcanus|Poecile hyrcanus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 404
| Q207838
| [[meantán lathaí]]
| Poecile palustris
| [[:commons:Category:Poecile palustris|Poecile palustris]]
| 1.24 g&lt;br/&gt;11.9 g
| 19 cm
| [[Íomhá:Poecile palustris distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 405
| Q215211
| [[meantán léana]]
| Poecile montanus
| [[:commons:Category:Poecile montanus|Poecile montanus]]
| 
| 19 cm
| [[Íomhá:Poecile montanus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 406
| Q25485
| [[meantán mór]]
| Parus major
| [[:commons:Category:Parus major|Parus major]]
| 1.68 g&lt;br/&gt;18.5 g
| 0.23 m
| [[Íomhá:Parus major distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 407
| Q571268
| [[Stercorarius maccormicki|meirleach Antartach]]
| Stercorarius maccormicki
| [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius maccormicki|Stercorarius maccormicki]]
| 89.4 g&lt;br/&gt;1.277 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.421 kg
| 135 cm
| [[Íomhá:Stercorarius maccormicki map.svg|center|128px]]
| 29 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 408
| Q203053
| [[meirleach Artach]]
| Stercorarius parasiticus
| [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius parasiticus|Stercorarius parasiticus]]
| 
| 1.06 m
| [[Íomhá:Stercorarius parasiticus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 409
| Q207760
| [[meirleach mór]]
| Stercorarius skua
| [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius skua|Stercorarius skua]]
| 111.7 g&lt;br/&gt;1.735 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.935 kg
| 136 cm
| [[Íomhá:Stercorarius skua map.svg|center|128px]]
| 29 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 410
| Q212767
| [[meirleach pomairíneach]]
| Stercorarius pomarinus
| [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius pomarinus|Stercorarius pomarinus]]
| 66 g&lt;br/&gt;648 g&lt;br/&gt;740 g
| 1.18 m
| [[Íomhá:Stercorarius pomarinus area.PNG|center|128px]]
| 26 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 411
| Q131918
| [[meirliún]]
| Falco columbarius
| [[:commons:Category:Falco columbarius|Falco columbarius]]
| 162 g&lt;br/&gt;212 g
| 60 cm
| [[Íomhá:Falco columbarius distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 412
| Q184518
| [[mionchnagaire breac]]
| Dryobates minor
| [[:commons:Category:Dryobates minor|Dryobates minor]]
| 
| 26 cm
| [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos minor distr.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 413
| Q27075424
| [[Mionfhuiseog ladharghearr]]
| Alaudala rufescens
| [[:commons:Category:Alaudala rufescens|Alaudala rufescens]]
| 
| 
| 
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 414
| Q386949
| [[mionghé Afracach]]
| Nettapus auritus
| [[:commons:Category:Nettapus auritus|Nettapus auritus]]
| 23 g
| 
| 
| 24 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 415
| Q191628
| [[mionghé bhánéadanach]]
| Anser erythropus
| [[:commons:Category:Anser erythropus|Anser erythropus]]
| 100 g&lt;br/&gt;1.797 kg
| 125 cm
| [[Íomhá:AnserErythropusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 26 d
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 416
| Q833243
| [[mionlacha iascán]]
| Aythya affinis
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya affinis|Aythya affinis]]
| 825 g&lt;br/&gt;748 g
| 72.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Aythya affinis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 417
| Q210954
| [[Steilléadar|Mionlacha lochlannach]]
| Polysticta stelleri
| [[:commons:Category:Polysticta stelleri|Polysticta stelleri]]
| 58 g&lt;br/&gt;807 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Polysticta stelleri map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 418
| Q28000
| [[mionladhrán buí]]
| Tringa flavipes
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa flavipes|Tringa flavipes]]
| 17.4 g&lt;br/&gt;81 g
| 61.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Tringa flavipes map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 419
| Q229408
| [[mionphocaire gaoithe]]
| Falco naumanni
| [[:commons:Category:Falco naumanni|Falco naumanni]]
| 16 g&lt;br/&gt;148 g&lt;br/&gt;170 g
| 0.65 m
| [[Íomhá:Burning Ship 20210818.png|center|128px]]
| 27 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 420
| Q239393
| [[mionscréachán liath]]
| Lanius minor
| [[:commons:Category:Lanius minor|Lanius minor]]
| 4.3 g&lt;br/&gt;46 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Lanius minor distr.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 421
| Q191155
| [[mionulchabhán Eoráiseach]]
| Glaucidium passerinum
| [[:commons:Category:Glaucidium passerinum|Glaucidium passerinum]]
| 8.3 g&lt;br/&gt;58 g&lt;br/&gt;73 g
| 35 cm
| [[Íomhá:Verbreitung Glaucidium passerinum Kopie.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 422
| Q742818
| [[monál Himiléach]]
| Lophophorus impejanus
| [[:commons:Category:Lophophorus impejanus|Lophophorus impejanus]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Lophophorus impejanus range map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 423
| Q242851
| [[musclacha]]
| Cairina moschata
| [[:commons:Category:Cairina moschata|Cairina moschata]]
| 74 g&lt;br/&gt;3 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.25 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Cairina moschata map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 424
| Q116667
| [[Míona coiteann|míona]]
| Acridotheres tristis
| [[:commons:Category:Acridotheres tristis|Acridotheres tristis]]
| 7.1 g
| 0.378 m
| [[Íomhá:Common Mynah distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 425
| Q180835
| [[mórcheolaire giolcaí]]
| Acrocephalus arundinaceus
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus arundinaceus|Acrocephalus arundinaceus]]
| 3.15 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:AcrocephalusArundinaceusIUCN2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 426
| Q26209
| [[mórchnagaire breac]]
| Dendrocopos major
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos major|Dendrocopos major]]
| 5.7 g&lt;br/&gt;89 g
| 36 cm
| [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos major distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 427
| Q333796
| [[Éigrit mhór ghorm|Mórchorr ghorm]]
| Ardea herodias
| [[:commons:Category:Ardea herodias|Ardea herodias]]
| 2.48 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.11 kg
| 183 cm
| [[Íomhá:Great Blue Heron-rangemap.gif|center|128px]]
| 27 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 428
| Q665363
| [[mórchuach bhreac]]
| Clamator glandarius
| [[:commons:Category:Clamator glandarius|Clamator glandarius]]
| 9.85 g&lt;br/&gt;169 g&lt;br/&gt;138 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:ClamatorGlandariusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 429
| Q476356
| [[Sléibhín Pallas|mórfhaoileán ceanndubh]]
| Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
| [[:commons:Category:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus|Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus]]
| 112 g&lt;br/&gt;1.599 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.189 kg
| 161 cm
| [[Íomhá:LarusIchthyaetusIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 25 d
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 430
| Q184508
| [[mórscréachán liath]]
| Lanius excubitor
| [[:commons:Category:Lanius excubitor|Lanius excubitor]]
| 63.4 g
| 32 cm
| [[Íomhá:Lanius excubitor distr3.png|center|128px]]
| 16 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 431
| Q81515
| [[mórulchabhán cluasach]]
| Bubo virginianus
| [[:commons:Category:Bubo virginianus|Bubo virginianus]]
| 
| 1.34 m
| [[Íomhá:Bubo virginianus dis.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 432
| Q25692
| [[naoscach]]
| Gallinago gallinago
| [[:commons:Category:Gallinago gallinago|Gallinago gallinago]]
| 111 g&lt;br/&gt;128 g
| 0.52 m
| [[Íomhá:GallinagoGallinagoIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 433
| Q26711
| [[naoscach bhídeach]]
| Lymnocryptes minimus
| [[:commons:Category:Lymnocryptes minimus|Lymnocryptes minimus]]
| 53.7 g&lt;br/&gt;46.7 g
| 40 cm
| [[Íomhá:LymnocryptesMinimusIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 20 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 434
| Q687695
| [[néné]]
| Branta sandvicensis
| [[:commons:Category:Branta sandvicensis|Branta sandvicensis]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 435
| Q1193048
| [[Gearg choille scornáin|Odontophorus strophium]]
| Odontophorus strophium
| [[:commons:Category:Odontophorus strophium|Odontophorus strophium]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Odontophorus strophium map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 436
| Q188660
| [[Opisthocomus hoazin]]
| Opisthocomus hoazin
| [[:commons:Category:Opisthocomus hoazin|Opisthocomus hoazin]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) world.png|center|128px]]
| 31 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 437
| Q279939
| [[Oxyura maccoa]]
| Oxyura maccoa
| [[:commons:Category:Oxyura maccoa|Oxyura maccoa]]
| 96 g&lt;br/&gt;820 g&lt;br/&gt;554 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Oxyura maccoa distribution.svg|center|128px]]
| 26 d
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 438
| Q1589589
| [[Paradoxornis unicolor]]
| Paradoxornis unicolor
| [[:commons:Category:Paradoxornis unicolor|Paradoxornis unicolor]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Cholornis unicolor distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 439
| Q27075910
| [[parúl tuaisceartach]]
| Setophaga americana
| [[:commons:Category:Setophaga americana|Setophaga americana]]
| 1.26 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Parula americana map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 440
| Q26106
| [[Patraisc choiteann|patraisc]]
| Perdix perdix
| [[:commons:Category:Perdix perdix|Perdix perdix]]
| 
| 46 cm
| [[Íomhá:Verbreitungskarte Rebhuhn.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 441
| Q733777
| [[patraisc bhroinnliath]]
| Arborophila orientalis
| [[:commons:Category:Arborophila orientalis|Arborophila orientalis]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 442
| Q754863
| [[patraisc chosdearg]]
| Alectoris rufa
| [[:commons:Category:Alectoris rufa|Alectoris rufa]]
| 20.1 g
| 48 cm
| [[Íomhá:AlectorisChristensen.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 443
| Q194043
| [[patraisc thiucair]]
| Alectoris chukar
| [[:commons:Category:Alectoris chukar|Alectoris chukar]]
| 650 g&lt;br/&gt;565 g&lt;br/&gt;22.5 g
| 51 cm
| [[Íomhá:AlectorisChristensen.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 444
| Q168748
| [[Peannaire (éan)|peannaire]]
| Sagittarius serpentarius
| [[:commons:Category:Sagittarius serpentarius|Sagittarius serpentarius]]
| 130 g&lt;br/&gt;4.052 kg
| 203 cm
| [[Íomhá:Sekretär Verbreitungsgebiet.png|center|128px]]
| 44 d
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 445
| Q208060
| [[pearaicít rósbhráisléadach]]
| Psittacula krameri
| [[:commons:Category:Psittacula krameri|Psittacula krameri]]
| 
| 45 cm
| [[Íomhá:Rose ringed parakeet range.PNG|center|128px]]
| 23 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 446
| Q220328
| [[pearóid liath Afracach]]
| Psittacus erithacus
| [[:commons:Category:Psittacus erithacus|Psittacus erithacus]]
| 18.7 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Psittacus erithacus range.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 447
| Q199427
| [[peileacán bán]]
| Pelecanus onocrotalus
| [[:commons:Category:Pelecanus onocrotalus|Pelecanus onocrotalus]]
| 180 g&lt;br/&gt;11.45 kg&lt;br/&gt;7.59 kg
| 2.91 m
| [[Íomhá:PelecanusOnocrotalusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 448
| Q184751
| [[peileacán Dalmátach]]
| Pelecanus crispus
| [[:commons:Category:Pelecanus crispus|Pelecanus crispus]]
| 
| 320 cm
| [[Íomhá:PelecanusCrispusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 32 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 449
| Q385891
| [[piasún cír]]
| Catreus wallichii
| [[:commons:Category:Catreus wallichii|Catreus wallichii]]
| 1.525 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.13 kg
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 450
| Q25307
| [[Snag breac|Pica pica]]
| Pica pica
| [[:commons:Category:Pica pica|Pica pica]]
| 9.9 g&lt;br/&gt;221 g&lt;br/&gt;191 g
| 56 cm
| [[Íomhá:Pica pica map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 451
| Q25392
| [[pilibín]]
| Vanellus vanellus
| [[:commons:Category:Vanellus vanellus|Vanellus vanellus]]
| 25.5 g
| 0.75 m&lt;br/&gt;69.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:VanellusVanellusIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 452
| Q279307
| [[pilibín ealtúil]]
| Vanellus gregarius
| [[:commons:Category:Vanellus gregarius|Vanellus gregarius]]
| 26.5 g&lt;br/&gt;252 g&lt;br/&gt;200 g
| 70 cm
| [[Íomhá:VanellusGregariusIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 28 d
| ''[[:d:Q219127|i mbaol criticiúil]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 453
| Q161829
| [[piongain impireach]]
| Aptenodytes forsteri
| [[:commons:Category:Aptenodytes forsteri|Aptenodytes forsteri]]
| 425 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Manchot empereur carte reparition.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 454
| Q494544
| [[Corr bheag|Platalea minor]]
| Platalea minor
| [[:commons:Category:Platalea minor|Platalea minor]]
| 
| 110 cm
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 455
| Q26490
| [[Pocaire gaoithe coiteann|pocaire gaoithe]]
| Falco tinnunculus
| [[:commons:Category:Falco tinnunculus|Falco tinnunculus]]
| 201 g
| 0.73 m
| [[Íomhá:FalcoTinnunculusIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 28 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 456
| Q187902
| [[Cearcóg chorcra|Porphyrio porphyrio]]
| Porphyrio porphyrio
| [[:commons:Category:Porphyrio porphyrio|Porphyrio porphyrio]]
| 
| 
| 
| 25 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 457
| Q25700
| [[praslacha]]
| Anas crecca
| [[:commons:Category:Anas crecca|Anas crecca]]
| 
| 0.59 m
| [[Íomhá:Anas crecca distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 458
| Q331447
| [[praslacha mharmarach]]
| Marmaronetta angustirostris
| [[:commons:Category:Marmaronetta angustirostris|Marmaronetta angustirostris]]
| 562 g&lt;br/&gt;492 g
| 65 cm
| 
| 26 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 459
| Q695729
| [[pratancól dubheiteach]]
| Glareola nordmanni
| [[:commons:Category:Glareola nordmanni|Glareola nordmanni]]
| 11 g&lt;br/&gt;97 g
| 64 cm
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 460
| Q330310
| [[pratancól muinceach]]
| Glareola pratincola
| [[:commons:Category:Glareola pratincola|Glareola pratincola]]
| 10.1 g&lt;br/&gt;77 g
| 65 cm
| [[Íomhá:GlareolaPratincolaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 18 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 461
| Q1262047
| [[Seabhac droimliath|Pseudastur occidentalis]]
| Pseudastur occidentalis
| [[:commons:Category:Pseudastur occidentalis|Pseudastur occidentalis]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Pseudastur occidentalis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 462
| Q643836
| [[Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax]]
| Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
| [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax|Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax]]
| 312 g&lt;br/&gt;263 g
| 82 cm
| [[Íomhá:Chough range map.png|center|128px]]
| 17 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 463
| Q244350
| [[póiseard cíordhearg]]
| Netta rufina
| [[:commons:Category:Netta rufina|Netta rufina]]
| 56 g&lt;br/&gt;1.115 kg
| 87 cm
| [[Íomhá:NettaRufinaIUCNverz2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 27 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 464
| Q642685
| [[riabhóg chladaigh]]
| Anthus petrosus
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus petrosus|Anthus petrosus]]
| 
| 25 cm
| [[Íomhá:Anthus petrosus map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 465
| Q143313
| [[riabhóg choille]]
| Anthus trivialis
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus trivialis|Anthus trivialis]]
| 22 g&lt;br/&gt;25 g
| 0.27 m
| [[Íomhá:Anthus trivialis distr.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 466
| Q27226
| [[riabhóg dhonn]]
| Anthus campestris
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus campestris|Anthus campestris]]
| 2.73 g&lt;br/&gt;22 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:AnthusCampestrisIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 467
| Q26956
| [[riabhóg mhóna]]
| Anthus pratensis
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus pratensis|Anthus pratensis]]
| 2.06 g
| 0.26 m
| [[Íomhá:AnthusPratensisIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 468
| Q241347
| [[riabhóg phíbrua]]
| Anthus cervinus
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus cervinus|Anthus cervinus]]
| 2.01 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:AnthusCervinusIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 469
| Q208707
| [[riabhóg uisce]]
| Anthus spinoletta
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus spinoletta|Anthus spinoletta]]
| 2.73 g
| 26 cm
| [[Íomhá:Anthus spinoletta mapcomm.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 470
| Q179367
| [[rollóir Eorpach]]
| Coracias garrulus
| [[:commons:Category:Coracias garrulus|Coracias garrulus]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Coracias garrulus distr.png|center|128px]]
| 18 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 471
| Q927358
| [[rowi]]
| Apteryx rowi
| [[:commons:Category:Apteryx rowi|Apteryx rowi]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Apteryx rowi distribution.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 472
| Q28122714
| [[rufachán]]
| Calidris pugnax
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris pugnax|Calidris pugnax]]
| 21 g&lt;br/&gt;170 g&lt;br/&gt;102 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Philomachuspugnaxmap.png|center|128px]]
| 21 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 473
| Q185099
| [[rálóg uisce]]
| Rallus aquaticus
| [[:commons:Category:Rallus aquaticus|Rallus aquaticus]]
| 125 g&lt;br/&gt;98 g
| 42 cm
| [[Íomhá:Rallus aquaticus distribution.png|center|128px]]
| 20 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 474
| Q25383
| [[rí rua]]
| Fringilla coelebs
| [[:commons:Category:Fringilla coelebs|Fringilla coelebs]]
| 2.16 g&lt;br/&gt;22 g
| 0.26 m
| [[Íomhá:Rangemap-pinson.PNG|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 475
| Q182209
| [[rí-phiongain]]
| Aptenodytes patagonicus
| [[:commons:Category:Aptenodytes patagonicus|Aptenodytes patagonicus]]
| 306 g&lt;br/&gt;12.8 kg&lt;br/&gt;11.5 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Manchot royal carte reparition.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 476
| Q130933
| [[Rí-ulchabhán Eoráiseach|rí-ulchabhán]]
| Bubo bubo
| [[:commons:Category:Bubo bubo|Bubo bubo]]
| 80 g&lt;br/&gt;2.38 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.992 kg
| 174 cm
| [[Íomhá:Bubo bubo distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 477
| Q1273551
| [[rí-ulchabhán beag]]
| Otus gurneyi
| [[:commons:Category:Otus gurneyi|Otus gurneyi]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 478
| Q819706
| [[Carpodacus rubicilla|rósghlasán mór Cugasach]]
| Carpodacus rubicilla
| [[:commons:Category:Carpodacus rubicilla|Carpodacus rubicilla]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 479
| Q46143
| [[rósghlasán scarlóideach]]
| Carpodacus erythrinus
| [[:commons:Category:Carpodacus erythrinus|Carpodacus erythrinus]]
| 
| 26 cm
| [[Íomhá:CarpodacusErythrinusIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 11 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 480
| Q25386
| [[rúcach]]
| Corvus frugilegus
| [[:commons:Category:Corvus frugilegus|Corvus frugilegus]]
| 489 g&lt;br/&gt;418 g
| 0.93 m
| [[Íomhá:Corvus frugilegus distribution.png|center|128px]]
| 16 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 481
| Q25777
| [[sacán]]
| Turdus pilaris
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus pilaris|Turdus pilaris]]
| 6.8 g&lt;br/&gt;105 g
| 0.42 m
| [[Íomhá:Turdus pilaris map.svg|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 482
| Q201300
| [[sceadach]]
| Melanitta fusca
| [[:commons:Category:Melanitta fusca|Melanitta fusca]]
| 1.762 kg
| 0.97 m
| [[Íomhá:MelanittaFuscaIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 483
| Q178821
| [[scodalach dubheiteach]]
| Himantopus himantopus
| [[:commons:Category:Himantopus himantopus|Himantopus himantopus]]
| 21.8 g&lt;br/&gt;160 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:HimantopusHimantopusIUCN2019-3.png|center|128px]]
| 25 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 484
| Q752678
| [[Scréachán isibéalach|scréachán banbhuí]]
| Lanius isabellinus
| [[:commons:Category:Lanius isabellinus|Lanius isabellinus]]
| 30 g
| 
| 
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 485
| Q235052
| [[scréachán coille]]
| Lanius senator
| [[:commons:Category:Lanius senator|Lanius senator]]
| 3.4 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Lanius senator distr.png|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 486
| Q26671
| [[scréachán droimrua]]
| Lanius collurio
| [[:commons:Category:Lanius collurio|Lanius collurio]]
| 3.15 g
| 26 cm
| [[Íomhá:LaniusCollurioIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 487
| Q25354
| [[scréachóg]]
| Garrulus glandarius
| [[:commons:Category:Garrulus glandarius|Garrulus glandarius]]
| 8.5 g
| 0.54 m
| [[Íomhá:Garrulus glandarius distribution.jpg|center|128px]]
| 20 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 488
| Q80858
| [[scréachóg liath]]
| Perisoreus canadensis
| [[:commons:Category:Perisoreus canadensis|Perisoreus canadensis]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Perisoreus canadensis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 489
| Q25317
| [[scréachóg reilige]]
| Tyto alba
| [[:commons:Category:Tyto alba|Tyto alba]]
| 580 g
| 0.9 m
| [[Íomhá:Schleiereule-Tyto alba-World.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 490
| Q27434
| [[Scótar coiteann|Scótar]]
| Melanitta nigra
| [[:commons:Category:Melanitta nigra|Melanitta nigra]]
| 
| 0.85 m
| [[Íomhá:MelanittaNigraIUCNver2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 491
| Q2020137
| [[Scótar báneiteach]]
| Melanitta deglandi
| [[:commons:Category:Melanitta deglandi|Melanitta deglandi]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Melanitta deglandi map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 492
| Q529048
| [[Scótar dubh]]
| Melanitta americana
| [[:commons:Category:Melanitta americana|Melanitta americana]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Melanitta americana map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q719675|speiceas beagnach faoi bhagairt]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 493
| Q742468
| [[scótar toinne]]
| Melanitta perspicillata
| [[:commons:Category:Melanitta perspicillata|Melanitta perspicillata]]
| 62 g&lt;br/&gt;1 kg&lt;br/&gt;900 g
| 84 cm
| [[Íomhá:Melanitta perspicillata range map.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 494
| Q943329
| [[Tuirne lín Meiriceánach|seabhac oíche Meiriceánach]]
| Chordeiles minor
| [[:commons:Category:Chordeiles minor|Chordeiles minor]]
| 79.3 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Chordeiles minor map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 495
| Q606755
| [[Speirsheabhac Seapánach|seabhac Seapánach]]
| Accipiter gularis
| [[:commons:Category:Accipiter gularis|Accipiter gularis]]
| 
| 52 cm
| 
| 26 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 496
| Q234722
| [[Iolar Bonelli|seabhaciolar]]
| Aquila fasciata
| [[:commons:Category:Aquila fasciata|Aquila fasciata]]
| 1.82 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.56 kg&lt;br/&gt;112 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Hieraaetus fasciatus area.PNG|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 497
| Q25761
| [[seil-lacha]]
| Tadorna tadorna
| [[:commons:Category:Tadorna tadorna|Tadorna tadorna]]
| 78 g&lt;br/&gt;1.261 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.043 kg
| 112 cm
| [[Íomhá:Tadorna tadorna distribution.png|center|128px]]
| 30 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 498
| Q170723
| [[seil-lacha rua]]
| Tadorna ferruginea
| [[:commons:Category:Tadorna ferruginea|Tadorna ferruginea]]
| 83 g&lt;br/&gt;1.36 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.1 kg
| 133 cm
| [[Íomhá:TadornaFerrugineaIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 28 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 499
| Q192524
| [[Seirín Canárach]]
| Serinus canaria
| [[:commons:Category:Serinus canaria|Serinus canaria]]
| 1.54 g&lt;br/&gt;15.3 g
| 
| 
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 500
| Q621833
| [[seirín ceanndubh]]
| Serinus pusillus
| [[:commons:Category:Serinus pusillus|Serinus pusillus]]
| 1.43 g
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 501
| Q27461190
| [[Praslacha Bhaikalach|Sibirionetta formosa]]
| Sibirionetta formosa
| [[:commons:Category:Sibirionetta formosa|Sibirionetta formosa]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:SibirionettaFormosaIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 502
| Q27075864
| [[siscín]]
| Spinus spinus
| [[:commons:Category:Spinus spinus|Spinus spinus]]
| 1.29 g&lt;br/&gt;13.8 g
| 0.21 m
| [[Íomhá:Rangemap-tarin.PNG|center|128px]]
| 12 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 503
| Q25634
| [[sléibhín]]
| Chroicocephalus ridibundus
| [[:commons:Category:Chroicocephalus ridibundus|Chroicocephalus ridibundus]]
| 294 g&lt;br/&gt;267 g
| 0.97 m
| [[Íomhá:ChroicocephalusRidibundusIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 504
| Q164467
| [[sléibhín beag]]
| Hydrocoloeus minutus
| [[:commons:Category:Hydrocoloeus minutus|Hydrocoloeus minutus]]
| 98 g
| 78 cm
| [[Íomhá:HydrocoloeusMinutusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 505
| Q276189
| [[sléibhín Meánmhuirí]]
| Ichthyaetus melanocephalus
| [[:commons:Category:Ichthyaetus melanocephalus|Ichthyaetus melanocephalus]]
| 
| 96 cm
| [[Íomhá:LarusMelanocephalus.png|center|128px]]
| 24 d
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 506
| Q843175
| [[smólach breacdhorcha]]
| Turdus naumanni
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus naumanni|Turdus naumanni]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 507
| Q26349
| [[smólach ceoil]]
| Turdus philomelos
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus philomelos|Turdus philomelos]]
| 6 g&lt;br/&gt;72 g
| 0.36 m
| [[Íomhá:TurdusPhilomelosIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 508
| Q80780
| [[smólach píbdhubh]]
| Turdus atrogularis
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus atrogularis|Turdus atrogularis]]
| 
| 
| 
| 11 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 509
| Q1591651
| [[Smólach ordúil|smólach rua-eiteach]]
| Turdus eunomus
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus eunomus|Turdus eunomus]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 510
| Q258964
| [[smólach Sibéarach]]
| Geokichla sibirica
| [[:commons:Category:Geokichla sibirica|Geokichla sibirica]]
| 60 g&lt;br/&gt;70 g
| 
| 
| 10 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 511
| Q796672
| [[Éan oighinn|smólach talún]]
| Seiurus aurocapilla
| [[:commons:Category:Seiurus aurocapilla|Seiurus aurocapilla]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Seiurus aurocapilla map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 512
| Q949662
| [[Zoothera aurea|smólach White]]
| Zoothera aurea
| [[:commons:Category:Zoothera aurea|Zoothera aurea]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 513
| Q193593
| [[Snag coiteann|snag]]
| Certhia familiaris
| [[:commons:Category:Certhia familiaris|Certhia familiaris]]
| 9.95 g
| 19 cm
| [[Íomhá:CerthiaFamiliarisIUCN2019-2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 514
| Q125895
| [[Reathaí ladharghearr|snag ladharghearr]]
| Certhia brachydactyla
| [[:commons:Category:Certhia brachydactyla|Certhia brachydactyla]]
| 1.16 g&lt;br/&gt;8.4 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Sttreecreepereurope.png|center|128px]]
| 14 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 515
| Q28106731
| [[Spadalach tuaisceartach|spadalghob]]
| Spatula clypeata
| [[:commons:Category:Spatula clypeata|Spatula clypeata]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:SpatulaClypeata.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 516
| Q28106902
| [[Praslacha shamhraidh|Spatula querquedula]]
| Spatula querquedula
| [[:commons:Category:Spatula querquedula|Spatula querquedula]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Spatula querquedula map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 517
| Q25334
| [[Spideog bhroinndearg|spideog]]
| Erithacus rubecula
| [[:commons:Category:Erithacus rubecula|Erithacus rubecula]]
| 2.4 g
| 21 cm
| [[Íomhá:ErithacusRubeculaIUCN.svg|center|128px]]
| 15 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 518
| Q557745
| [[spideog phíb-bhán]]
| Irania gutturalis
| [[:commons:Category:Irania gutturalis|Irania gutturalis]]
| 2.66 g
| 
| 
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 519
| Q25380
| [[spioróg]]
| Accipiter nisus
| [[:commons:Category:Accipiter nisus|Accipiter nisus]]
| 110 g&lt;br/&gt;22.5 g&lt;br/&gt;150 g&lt;br/&gt;290 g
| 0.67 m
| [[Íomhá:AccipiterNisusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 520
| Q114338
| [[spioróg Leiveantach]]
| Accipiter brevipes
| [[:commons:Category:Accipiter brevipes|Accipiter brevipes]]
| 
| 0.7 m
| [[Íomhá:AccipiterBrevipesIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 521
| Q137474876
| [[Spioróg mhór]]
| Astur gentilis
| 
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:AccipiterGentilis.png|center|128px]]
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 522
| Q25421
| [[spágaire tonn]]
| Tachybaptus ruficollis
| [[:commons:Category:Tachybaptus ruficollis|Tachybaptus ruficollis]]
| 13.7 g
| 42 cm
| [[Íomhá:Tachybaptus ruficollis-map-distribution.svg|center|128px]]
| 20 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 523
| Q753741
| [[Gaineamhchearc bhiorearrach|steipcholúr biorearrach]]
| Pterocles alchata
| [[:commons:Category:Pterocles alchata|Pterocles alchata]]
| 25 g&lt;br/&gt;250 g&lt;br/&gt;225 g
| 59.5 cm
| 
| 21 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 524
| Q383182
| [[Gaineamhchearc bholgdhubh|steipcholúr tarrdhubh]]
| Pterocles orientalis
| [[:commons:Category:Pterocles orientalis|Pterocles orientalis]]
| 28 g&lt;br/&gt;428 g&lt;br/&gt;383 g
| 71.5 cm
| 
| 23 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 525
| Q25352
| [[storc bán]]
| Ciconia ciconia
| [[:commons:Category:Ciconia ciconia|Ciconia ciconia]]
| 110 g
| 1.91 m
| [[Íomhá:WhiteStorkMap.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 526
| Q25398
| [[storc dubh]]
| Ciconia nigra
| [[:commons:Category:Ciconia nigra|Ciconia nigra]]
| 
| 1.5 m
| [[Íomhá:Ciconia nigra distr.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 527
| Q616393
| [[Ulchabhán mínlíneach|Strix leptogrammica]]
| Strix leptogrammica
| [[:commons:Category:Strix leptogrammica|Strix leptogrammica]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 528
| Q17592
| [[Struthio|Struthio camelus]]
| Struthio camelus
| [[:commons:Category:Struthio camelus|Struthio camelus]]
| 1.5 kg&lt;br/&gt;115 kg&lt;br/&gt;100 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Struthio camelus distribution.svg|center|128px]]
| 42 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 529
| Q27043839
| [[Gearg Shíneach|Synoicus chinensis]]
| Synoicus chinensis
| [[:commons:Category:Synoicus chinensis|Synoicus chinensis]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 530
| Q26135
| [[síodeiteach Boihéamach]]
| Bombycilla garrulus
| [[:commons:Category:Bombycilla garrulus|Bombycilla garrulus]]
| 
| 34 cm
| [[Íomhá:BombycillaGarrulusIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 531
| Q1084995
| [[Estrilda melpoda|síodghob leiceann flannbhuí]]
| Estrilda melpoda
| [[:commons:Category:Estrilda melpoda|Estrilda melpoda]]
| 0.68 g&lt;br/&gt;7.8 g
| 
| 
| 11 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 532
| Q184314
| [[Bombycilla cedrorum|Síodéan céadrais]]
| Bombycilla cedrorum
| [[:commons:Category:Bombycilla cedrorum|Bombycilla cedrorum]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Bombycilla cedrorum map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 533
| Q26452
| [[Síolghé thaiga|síolghé]]
| Anser fabalis
| [[:commons:Category:Anser fabalis|Anser fabalis]]
| 146 g&lt;br/&gt;3.198 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.843 kg
| 1.62 m
| [[Íomhá:AnserFabalisIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 534
| Q673280
| [[síolghé thundra]]
| Anser serrirostris
| [[:commons:Category:Anser serrirostris|Anser serrirostris]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 535
| Q241349
| [[Síolta chochaill|Síolta chochallach]]
| Lophodytes cucullatus
| [[:commons:Category:Lophodytes cucullatus|Lophodytes cucullatus]]
| 
| 63 cm
| [[Íomhá:Lophodytes cucullatus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 536
| Q200646
| [[síolta gheal]]
| Mergellus albellus
| [[:commons:Category:Mergellus albellus|Mergellus albellus]]
| 42 g&lt;br/&gt;652 g&lt;br/&gt;568 g
| 62 cm
| [[Íomhá:MergellusAlbellusIUCNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 27 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 537
| Q180991
| [[síolta mhór]]
| Mergus merganser
| [[:commons:Category:Mergus merganser|Mergus merganser]]
| 1.709 kg&lt;br/&gt;1.232 kg
| 0.93 m
| [[Íomhá:Mergus merganser distr.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 538
| Q189609
| [[síolta rua]]
| Mergus serrator
| [[:commons:Category:Mergus serrator|Mergus serrator]]
| 72 g&lt;br/&gt;1.135 kg&lt;br/&gt;908 g
| 0.87 m
| [[Íomhá:Mergus serrator distr.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 539
| Q205930
| [[tarmachan]]
| Lagopus muta
| [[:commons:Category:Lagopus muta|Lagopus muta]]
| 665 g&lt;br/&gt;555 g
| 57 cm
| [[Íomhá:Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus muta distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 22 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 540
| Q218543
| [[Corr thíograch chíorbhán|Tigriornis leucolopha]]
| Tigriornis leucolopha
| [[:commons:Category:Tigriornis leucolopha|Tigriornis leucolopha]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Tigriornis leucolopha map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 541
| Q185784
| [[tiuf-teaf]]
| Phylloscopus collybita
| [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus collybita|Phylloscopus collybita]]
| 
| 18 cm
| [[Íomhá:Phylloscopus collybita.png|center|128px]]
| 13 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 542
| Q3729103
| [[Ceolaire Sindeach|tiuf-teaf sléibhe]]
| Phylloscopus sindianus
| [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus sindianus|Phylloscopus sindianus]]
| 7 g
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 543
| Q667778
| [[tokoeka]]
| Apteryx australis
| [[:commons:Category:Apteryx australis|Apteryx australis]]
| 2.208 kg&lt;br/&gt;2.535 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Southern Brown Kiwi.png|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 544
| Q607027
| [[torspideog ruadhonn]]
| Cercotrichas galactotes
| [[:commons:Category:Cercotrichas galactotes|Cercotrichas galactotes]]
| 3.2 g&lt;br/&gt;22.7 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Cercotrichas galactotes distribution2.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 545
| Q26017
| [[traonach]]
| Crex crex
| [[:commons:Category:Crex crex|Crex crex]]
| 13.2 g
| 50 cm
| [[Íomhá:Crexcrex.png|center|128px]]
| 17 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 546
| Q26717
| [[Tuirne lín Eorpach|tuirne lín]]
| Caprimulgus europaeus
| [[:commons:Category:Caprimulgus europaeus|Caprimulgus europaeus]]
| 
| 60 cm
| [[Íomhá:Caprimulgus europaeus distr.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 547
| Q129958
| [[ulchabhán beag]]
| Athene noctua
| [[:commons:Category:Athene noctua|Athene noctua]]
| 
| 56 cm
| [[Íomhá:Steinkauz-Athene noctua-World.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 548
| Q174466
| [[ulchabhán bóireach]]
| Aegolius funereus
| [[:commons:Category:Aegolius funereus|Aegolius funereus]]
| 
| 56 cm
| [[Íomhá:Aegolius funereus dis.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 549
| Q25756
| [[ulchabhán donn]]
| Strix aluco
| [[:commons:Category:Strix aluco|Strix aluco]]
| 426 g&lt;br/&gt;524 g
| 99 cm
| [[Íomhá:StrixAlucoIUCN.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 550
| Q200724
| [[ulchabhán mór liath]]
| Strix nebulosa
| [[:commons:Category:Strix nebulosa|Strix nebulosa]]
| 
| 1.37 m
| [[Íomhá:Strix nebulosa distribution map updated (2013).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 551
| Q190083
| [[ulchabhán na hÚraile]]
| Strix uralensis
| [[:commons:Category:Strix uralensis|Strix uralensis]]
| 
| 114.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Strix uralensis distr..png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 552
| Q25769
| [[ulchabhán réisc]]
| Asio flammeus
| [[:commons:Category:Asio flammeus|Asio flammeus]]
| 
| 102 cm
| [[Íomhá:Sumpfohreule-Asio flammeus-World.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 553
| Q171563
| [[ulchabhán scopach Eoráiseach]]
| Otus scops
| [[:commons:Category:Otus scops|Otus scops]]
| 
| 58.5 cm
| [[Íomhá:Otus scops distr.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 554
| Q1270124
| [[ulchabhán scopach Sokoke]]
| Otus ireneae
| [[:commons:Category:Otus ireneae|Otus ireneae]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 555
| Q1256551
| [[ulchabhán seabhaic Oileán na Nollag]]
| Ninox natalis
| [[:commons:Category:Ninox natalis|Ninox natalis]]
| 184 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Christmas Island.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 556
| Q193192
| [[Ulchabhán seabhaic|ulchabhán seabhaic tuaisceartach]]
| Surnia ulula
| [[:commons:Category:Surnia ulula|Surnia ulula]]
| 
| 76 cm
| [[Íomhá:Surnia ulula distr with national borders.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 557
| Q170177
| [[ulchabhán sneachtúil]]
| Bubo scandiacus
| [[:commons:Category:Bubo scandiacus|Bubo scandiacus]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Cypron-Range Bubo scandiacus.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 558
| Q1265138
| [[ulchabhán Soumagne]]
| Tyto soumagnei
| [[:commons:Category:Tyto soumagnei|Tyto soumagnei]]
| 380 g
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q278113|leochaileach]]''
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 559
| Q926291
| [[ulchabhán síofrach]]
| Micrathene whitneyi
| [[:commons:Category:Micrathene whitneyi|Micrathene whitneyi]]
| 
| 
| [[Íomhá:Micrathene whitneyi map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 560
| Q467068
| [[ulchabhán uachasach]]
| Athene cunicularia
| [[:commons:Category:Athene cunicularia|Athene cunicularia]]
| 
| 595 mm
| [[Íomhá:Distribuição Buraqueira.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 561
| Q207846
| [[éadar taibhseach]]
| Somateria spectabilis
| [[:commons:Category:Somateria spectabilis|Somateria spectabilis]]
| 73 g&lt;br/&gt;1.617 kg
| 0.93 m
| [[Íomhá:Somateria spectabilis map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 562
| Q93208
| [[éamú]]
| Dromaius novaehollandiae
| [[:commons:Category:Dromaius novaehollandiae|Dromaius novaehollandiae]]
| 581.2 g&lt;br/&gt;32.7 kg&lt;br/&gt;38.3 kg
| 
| [[Íomhá:Dromaius novaehollandiae map distribution 2.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 563
| Q131709
| [[éigrit bheag]]
| Egretta garzetta
| [[:commons:Category:Egretta garzetta|Egretta garzetta]]
| 28 g&lt;br/&gt;532 g
| 92 cm
| [[Íomhá:EgrettaGarzettaIUVNver2018 2.png|center|128px]]
| 21 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 564
| Q130730
| [[éigrit mhór]]
| Ardea alba
| [[:commons:Category:Ardea alba|Ardea alba]]
| 
| 1.44 m
| [[Íomhá:ArdeaAlbaIUCNver2019 1.png|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 565
| Q208763
| [[íbis bheannaithe]]
| Threskiornis aethiopicus
| [[:commons:Category:Threskiornis aethiopicus|Threskiornis aethiopicus]]
| 62 g
| 118 cm
| [[Íomhá:ThreskiornisAethiopicusIUCNver2024.png|center|128px]]
| 29 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 566
| Q589171
| [[íbis bhán Mheiriceánach]]
| Eudocimus albus
| [[:commons:Category:Eudocimus albus|Eudocimus albus]]
| 1.036 kg&lt;br/&gt;764 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Eudocimus albus map 2.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 567
| Q245414
| [[íbis mhaol thuaisceartach]]
| Geronticus eremita
| [[:commons:Category:Geronticus eremita|Geronticus eremita]]
| 68 g
| 
| [[Íomhá:Morocco bald ibis map-01.png|center|128px]]
| 27 d
| [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 568
| Q178811
| [[íbis niamhrach]]
| Plegadis falcinellus
| [[:commons:Category:Plegadis falcinellus|Plegadis falcinellus]]
| 633 g
| 0.89 m
| [[Íomhá:Plegadis falcinellus map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 569
| Q25388
| [[óiréal órga]]
| Oriolus oriolus
| [[:commons:Category:Oriolus oriolus|Oriolus oriolus]]
| 7.3 g
| 46 cm
| [[Íomhá:Oriolus oriolus distribution map.png|center|128px]]
| 16 d
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 570
| Q576762
| [[órshúileach ceannsceadach]]
| Bucephala albeola
| [[:commons:Category:Bucephala albeola|Bucephala albeola]]
| 481 g&lt;br/&gt;367 g
| 57 cm
| [[Íomhá:Bucephala albeola map.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 571
| Q369767
| [[órshúileach Íoslannach]]
| Bucephala islandica
| [[:commons:Category:Bucephala islandica|Bucephala islandica]]
| 70 g&lt;br/&gt;1.09 kg&lt;br/&gt;730 g
| 75.5 cm
| 
| 
| [[Speiceas is lú imní]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>d5pyeofrzk83fe9lcbq33t4el9zw6ab</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Máire Ní Thuathail (léiritheoir)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>94837</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332050</id>
      <parentid>1314744</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:00:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nasc curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332050</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3922" sha1="j0o2gopqwumsjjo2hqz646y42b6soyj" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Bhí '''Máire Ní Thuathail''' ([[29 Iúil]] [[1959]] - [[19 Meán Fómhair]] [[2016]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJ0Tp9yncGY|teideal=I gcuimhne Máire Ní Thuathail|údar=Is le mór ómós a dhéanann foireann Ros na Rún cuimhne ar Mháire Ní Thuathail|dáta=2017|dátarochtana=2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ina Stiúrthóir Bainistíochta ar [[Eo Teilifís]] sa [[An Spidéal|Spidéal]] agus ina Léiritheoir Feidhmiúcháin ar an [[sobaldráma]] [[Ros na Rún]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/m%C3%A1ire-n%C3%AD-thuathail-ros-na-r%C3%BAn-producer-with-creative-vision-1.2820694|teideal=Máire Ní Thuathail: ‘Ros na Rún’ producer with creative vision|údar=Máire Ní Thuathail|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2020-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bhí tionchar as cuimse ag Máire Ní Thuathail ar chúrsaí teilifíse i nGaeilge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=5018|teideal=NÍ THUATHAIL, Máire (1959–2016)|language=ga|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2020-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí sí ar dhuine de cheannródaithe [[Teilifís|theilifís]] na [[An Ghaeilge|Gaeilge]]  le breis is 25 bliain agus bhí baint mhór aici le forbairt na hearnála teilifíse [[An Ghaeltacht|Gaeltachta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/maire-ni-thuathail-ceann-feadhna-ros-na-run-tar-eis-bhais/|teideal=Máire Ní Thuathail, ceann feadhna ‘Ros na Rún’, tar éis bháis|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2020-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Íomhá:Ros na Run.png|mion]]
== Saol ==
B'as [[baile]] [[Tuar Mhic Éadaigh|Thuar Mhic Éadaigh]] i nGaeltacht Mhaigh Eo di.

I ndiaidh staidéar a dhéanamh ar an eolaíocht talmhaíochta i g[[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh|Coláiste na hOllscoile Gaillimh]] agus [[COBÁC]], thug sí seal ag múineadh agus seal eile ina hOifigeach Oideachais le [[Bord na Gaeilge]] sula ndeachaigh sí ag plé le cúrsaí teilifíse.[[Íomhá:Turas teanga montage.jpg|mion|[[Turas Teanga|Turas teanga]]]]Chuir sí tús lena ré i saol na teilifíse nuair a d'oibrigh sí mar [[Taighde|thaighdeoir]] ar an irischlár, Púiríní, a bhí á léiriú ag Coco Television i 1988.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Máire Ní Thuathail tar éis bháis|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2016/0919/817572-more/|date=2016-09-19|language=ga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba i 1989 a bhunaigh sí an [[comhlacht]] neamhspleách léiriúcháin [[Eo Teilifís]], atá lonnaithe ar an [[An Spidéal|Spidéal]] agus bhí cónaí uirthi i Seanadh Gharráin sa Spidéal. Is é an comhlacht Eo Teilifís a thug an sobaldhrama 'Ros na Rún' do [[Teilifís na Gaeilge|Theilifís na Gaeilge]] in aimsir a bhunaithe i 1996. Bhí sí ina léiritheoir feidhmiúcháin freisin ar 'Ros na Rún'.

I 1996, mar shampla, bhuaigh clár puipéid de chuid Eo Teilifís ''Mire Mara'' gradam ag Féile na Meán Ceilteach don chlár is fearr do dhaoine óga.

Bronnadh an gradam 'Bean óg [[Gnó|ghnó]] na bliana' uirthi i 1997.

Bhain sí duais [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] amach le 'Concerto do [[Caitlín Maude|Chaitlín Maude]]' i 2005.  Is iomaí gradam atá buaite ag cláir de chuid an chomhlachta ó shin.

Bhí sí ina comhléiritheoir ar an tsraith oideachais aitheanta ''[[Turas Teanga]]'' a craoladh ar [[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]] agus ar an tsraith drámaíochta ''[[Seacht]]''. 

In 2010 bhunaigh sí an [[nuachtán]] ''[[Gaelscéal]],'' i bpáirt leis an ''[[Connacht Tribune]]''.

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: Ni Thuathail, Maire}}
[[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil na Gaillimhe]]
[[Catagóir:Muintir Ros na Rún]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Mhaigh Eo]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni COBÁC‎]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1959]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2016]]
[[Catagóir:Léiritheoirí]]
[[Catagóir:Láithreoirí teilifíse Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Lucht TG4]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as an Spidéal]]</text>
      <sha1>j0o2gopqwumsjjo2hqz646y42b6soyj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Stair Chontae Dhoire</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>98260</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331995</id>
      <parentid>1006819</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:05:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Catagóir bainte</comment>
      <origin>1331995</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="85" sha1="q67o64zriv6yklxqe104r3nmq5dsgn0" xml:space="preserve">[[Catagóir:Contae Dhoire]]
[[Catagóir:Stair na hÉireann de réir contaetha|Doire]]</text>
      <sha1>q67o64zriv6yklxqe104r3nmq5dsgn0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tinte na Farraige Duibhe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>99438</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332035</id>
      <parentid>1310431</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:47:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rannóg curtha leis agus roinnt athruithe eile</comment>
      <origin>1332035</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5778" sha1="m7cmtzubsebssxykwe38cllov7g09nm" xml:space="preserve">{{teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}

Is úrscéal [[ficsean eolaíochta]] é '''''[[Tinte na Farraige Duibhe]]''''' le [[Tim Armstrong]]. Is é [[CLÀR]] a chéad-fhoilsigh é, i n[[Gaeilge na hAlban]] faoin teideal ''Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach'' in 2013''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=[[Ruairidh MacIlleathain|MacIlleathain]]|first=[[Ruairidh MacIlleathain|Ruairidh]]|title=Lèirmheas: Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach|journal=[[Cothrom (iris)|Cothrom]]|year=2013|volume=76|pages=lgh 44–45}}&lt;/ref&gt;'' Ghnóthaigh an leabhar an gradam ‘Ciad Leabhar na Bliadhna’ d'Armstrong ó Chomann [[Bratach na hAlban|Bratach na Croise]] in 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.clar.online/product/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach|teideal=Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach|language=i nGaeilge na hAlban|work=[[CLÀR]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181622/http://www.clar.online/product/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach|archivedate=2018-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.saltiresociety.org.uk/scotlands-national-book-awards-2013|teideal=Scotland's National Book Awards 2013|dáta=2013-11-30|language=as Béarla|work=[[The Saltire Society]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Luaitear é mar an chéad leabhar lánfhada [[cruafhicsean eolaíochta]] a scríobhadh sa teanga do dhaoine fásta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Leugh an Leabhair|author=Presenter: Mark Wringe|network=[[BBC]]|station=[[BBC Radio nan Gaidheal]]|airdate=2013-06-7|minutes=24:00}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Cuimsíonn an scéal gnéithe den [[ceoldráma spáis|cheoldráma spáis]], [[cibearphunc]], rómánsaíocht, agus eachtraí bhanna ceoil an bhóthair. Labhraíonn na carachtar teanga na reacaireachta san úrscéal seo, rud a ligeann don údar domhan lán-Ghaelach a chruthú.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Cockburn|first=Paul|teideal=We’re talking to Tim Armstrong, author of Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach|url=http://arcfinity.tumblr.com/post/50642045399/were-talking-to-tim-armstrong-author-of-air-cuan-dubh|work=Arcfinity|foilsitheoir=ARC magazine|accessdate=17 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ardsibhialtacht uathlathach agus sár[[Caipitleachas|chaipitlíoch]] an tsochaí a ndéantar léiriú uirthi ann.

D'aistrigh [[Eoin P. Ó Murchú]] an t-úrscéal go [[An Ghaeilge|Gaeilge na hÉireann]], agus d'fhoilsigh an comhlacht foilsitheoireachta Éireannach [[Leabhar Breac (foilsitheoir)|Leabhar Breac]] é sa bhliain 2020 faoin teideal ''Tinte na Farraige Duibhe.'' Ainmníodh an t-aistriúchán ar ghearrliosta aistriúchán [[Gradam de Bhaldraithe|Ghradam de Bhaldraithe]] ag duaiseanna liteartha an [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|Oireachtais]].

==Closleabhar==
Fógraíodh i 2026 go raibh closleabhar ''Tinte na Farraige Duibhe'' le bheith foilsithe ina shraith mar chuid de chlár nua seachtainiúil litríochta ''Abair Leat''. [[Eoin P. Ó Murchú]] atá i mbun guthaithe sa chlosleabhar, Judy-Meg Ní Chinnéide a léirigh agus Marc Ó Loinsigh a thaifead i Stiúideo na Life.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.raidionalife.ie/closleabhar-den-ursceal-ficsean-eolaiochta-tinte-na-farraige-duibhe-le-tosnu-ar-raidio-na-life/|teideal=Closleabhar den úrscéal ficsean eolaíochta, Tinte na Farraige Duibhe, le tosnú ar Raidió na Life! – Raidió na Life – 106.4 FM|work=[[Raidió na Life]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=Róisín Ní Mhaoláin|dáta=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==An tsraith ar lean==
{{Príomhalt|An Luingeas Dorcha air Fàire}}
Chrom Armstrong ar chomharba ''Thinte na Farraige Duibhe'' a fhoilsiú mar shraith san iris liteartha ''[[STEALL]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gaelicbooks.org/na-duaisean-litreachais-2025-an-luchd-buannachaidh|teideal=Na Duaisean Litreachais 2025: An Luchd-buannachaidh|údar=Thomasin Collins|dáta=2025-09-17|language=as Béarla|work=Comhairle nan Leabhraichean|dátarochtana=2026-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/21-leabhar-ar-ghearrliosta-dhuaiseanna-litriochta-na-gaidhlig-in-albain/|teideal=21 leabhar ar ghearrliosta Dhuaiseanna Litríochta na Gàidhlig in Albain|údar=[[Maitiú Ó Coimín]]|dáta=2025-09-11|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus foilsíodh ina iomláine é sa bhliain 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://drilseach.net/2026/06/07/tha-iad-ann-an-clo/|teideal=Tha iad ann an clò!|dáta=2026-06-07|language=as Gaeilge na hAlban|work=drilseach.net|dátarochtana=2026-07-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Féach Freisin==
* ''[[An Luingeas Dorcha air Fàire]]'' (an dara leabhar sa tsraith)
* ''[[Iomall (leabhar)|Iomall]]''
* ''[[Bádh B'fhéidir]]''
* ''[[An Dara Rogha]]''

==Naisc sheachtracha==
*Ar shuíomh an fhoilsitheora (ga): https://leabharbreac.com/shop/ficsean/tinte-na-farraige-duibhe/
*Ar shuíomh an fhoilsitheora (gd): [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181622/http://www.clar.online/product/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach http://www.clar.online/product/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach] &lt;small&gt;(sa chartlann)&lt;/small&gt;
*[[Tim Armstrong]] faoi Agallamh: https://leabharbreac.com/tim-armstrong/
*''Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach'': https://nos.ie/cultur/leabhair/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017170716/https://nos.ie/cultur/leabhair/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach/ |date=2021-10-17 }}

==Tagairtí==
{{Reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Leabhair le Tim Armstrong]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta]]
[[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Úrscéalta]]
[[Catagóir:Déaglitríocht na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Déaglitríocht]]
[[Catagóir:Sraitheanna litríochta na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Sraitheanna leabhar]]
[[Catagóir:Aistriúcháin go Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Aistriúcháin idircheilteacha]]
[[Catagóir:Tograí idirghaelacha]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh in 2020]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh sna 2020idí]]

{{Síol-leabhar}}</text>
      <sha1>m7cmtzubsebssxykwe38cllov7g09nm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332037</id>
      <parentid>1332035</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:50:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nasc curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332037</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5782" sha1="oo9t547albfrrm802hv8m2pgmq2e2w3" xml:space="preserve">{{teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}

Is úrscéal [[ficsean eolaíochta]] é '''''[[Tinte na Farraige Duibhe]]''''' le [[Tim Armstrong]]. Is é [[CLÀR]] a chéad-fhoilsigh é, i n[[Gaeilge na hAlban]] faoin teideal ''Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach'' in 2013''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=[[Ruairidh MacIlleathain|MacIlleathain]]|first=[[Ruairidh MacIlleathain|Ruairidh]]|title=Lèirmheas: Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach|journal=[[Cothrom (iris)|Cothrom]]|year=2013|volume=76|pages=lgh 44–45}}&lt;/ref&gt;'' Ghnóthaigh an leabhar an gradam ‘Ciad Leabhar na Bliadhna’ d'Armstrong ó Chomann [[Bratach na hAlban|Bratach na Croise]] in 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.clar.online/product/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach|teideal=Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach|language=i nGaeilge na hAlban|work=[[CLÀR]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181622/http://www.clar.online/product/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach|archivedate=2018-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.saltiresociety.org.uk/scotlands-national-book-awards-2013|teideal=Scotland's National Book Awards 2013|dáta=2013-11-30|language=as Béarla|work=[[The Saltire Society]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Luaitear é mar an chéad leabhar lánfhada [[cruafhicsean eolaíochta]] a scríobhadh sa teanga do dhaoine fásta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Leugh an Leabhair|author=Presenter: Mark Wringe|network=[[BBC]]|station=[[BBC Radio nan Gaidheal]]|airdate=2013-06-7|minutes=24:00}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Cuimsíonn an scéal gnéithe den [[ceoldráma spáis|cheoldráma spáis]], [[cibearphunc]], rómánsaíocht, agus eachtraí bhanna ceoil an bhóthair. Labhraíonn na carachtar teanga na reacaireachta san úrscéal seo, rud a ligeann don údar domhan lán-Ghaelach a chruthú.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Cockburn|first=Paul|teideal=We’re talking to Tim Armstrong, author of Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach|url=http://arcfinity.tumblr.com/post/50642045399/were-talking-to-tim-armstrong-author-of-air-cuan-dubh|work=Arcfinity|foilsitheoir=ARC magazine|accessdate=17 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ardsibhialtacht uathlathach agus sár[[Caipitleachas|chaipitlíoch]] an tsochaí a ndéantar léiriú uirthi ann.

D'aistrigh [[Eoin P. Ó Murchú]] an t-úrscéal go [[An Ghaeilge|Gaeilge na hÉireann]], agus d'fhoilsigh an comhlacht foilsitheoireachta Éireannach [[Leabhar Breac (foilsitheoir)|Leabhar Breac]] é sa bhliain 2020 faoin teideal ''Tinte na Farraige Duibhe.'' Ainmníodh an t-aistriúchán ar ghearrliosta aistriúchán [[Gradam de Bhaldraithe|Ghradam de Bhaldraithe]] ag duaiseanna liteartha an [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|Oireachtais]].

==Closleabhar==
Fógraíodh i 2026 go raibh closleabhar ''Tinte na Farraige Duibhe'' le bheith foilsithe ina shraith mar chuid de chlár nua seachtainiúil litríochta ''[[Abair Leat]]''. [[Eoin P. Ó Murchú]] atá i mbun guthaithe sa chlosleabhar, Judy-Meg Ní Chinnéide a léirigh agus Marc Ó Loinsigh a thaifead i Stiúideo na Life.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.raidionalife.ie/closleabhar-den-ursceal-ficsean-eolaiochta-tinte-na-farraige-duibhe-le-tosnu-ar-raidio-na-life/|teideal=Closleabhar den úrscéal ficsean eolaíochta, Tinte na Farraige Duibhe, le tosnú ar Raidió na Life! – Raidió na Life – 106.4 FM|work=[[Raidió na Life]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=Róisín Ní Mhaoláin|dáta=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==An tsraith ar lean==
{{Príomhalt|An Luingeas Dorcha air Fàire}}
Chrom Armstrong ar chomharba ''Thinte na Farraige Duibhe'' a fhoilsiú mar shraith san iris liteartha ''[[STEALL]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gaelicbooks.org/na-duaisean-litreachais-2025-an-luchd-buannachaidh|teideal=Na Duaisean Litreachais 2025: An Luchd-buannachaidh|údar=Thomasin Collins|dáta=2025-09-17|language=as Béarla|work=Comhairle nan Leabhraichean|dátarochtana=2026-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/21-leabhar-ar-ghearrliosta-dhuaiseanna-litriochta-na-gaidhlig-in-albain/|teideal=21 leabhar ar ghearrliosta Dhuaiseanna Litríochta na Gàidhlig in Albain|údar=[[Maitiú Ó Coimín]]|dáta=2025-09-11|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus foilsíodh ina iomláine é sa bhliain 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://drilseach.net/2026/06/07/tha-iad-ann-an-clo/|teideal=Tha iad ann an clò!|dáta=2026-06-07|language=as Gaeilge na hAlban|work=drilseach.net|dátarochtana=2026-07-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Féach Freisin==
* ''[[An Luingeas Dorcha air Fàire]]'' (an dara leabhar sa tsraith)
* ''[[Iomall (leabhar)|Iomall]]''
* ''[[Bádh B'fhéidir]]''
* ''[[An Dara Rogha]]''

==Naisc sheachtracha==
*Ar shuíomh an fhoilsitheora (ga): https://leabharbreac.com/shop/ficsean/tinte-na-farraige-duibhe/
*Ar shuíomh an fhoilsitheora (gd): [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181622/http://www.clar.online/product/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach http://www.clar.online/product/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach] &lt;small&gt;(sa chartlann)&lt;/small&gt;
*[[Tim Armstrong]] faoi Agallamh: https://leabharbreac.com/tim-armstrong/
*''Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach'': https://nos.ie/cultur/leabhair/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017170716/https://nos.ie/cultur/leabhair/air-cuan-dubh-drilseach/ |date=2021-10-17 }}

==Tagairtí==
{{Reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Leabhair le Tim Armstrong]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta]]
[[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Úrscéalta]]
[[Catagóir:Déaglitríocht na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Déaglitríocht]]
[[Catagóir:Sraitheanna litríochta na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Sraitheanna leabhar]]
[[Catagóir:Aistriúcháin go Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Aistriúcháin idircheilteacha]]
[[Catagóir:Tograí idirghaelacha]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh in 2020]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh sna 2020idí]]

{{Síol-leabhar}}</text>
      <sha1>oo9t547albfrrm802hv8m2pgmq2e2w3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>An Cailín Ciúin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>100514</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332064</id>
      <parentid>1327881</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:07:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mionathruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332064</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15154" sha1="dr2c65iftg7jr6621vctu2amh2aq0y3" xml:space="preserve">{{Teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Scannáin|image=[[Íomhá:An Cailín Ciúin 1.jpg|220px]]}}
Is é '''''An Cailín Ciúin''''' an chéad [[scannán]] fada ag an stiúrthóir Colm Bairéad agus ag an léiritheoir Cleona Ní Chrualaoi, ón g[[comhlacht]] Inscéal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/19-feabhra-2022-gaillimh/id1525428808?i=1000551608954|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall: 19 Feabhra 2022 (Gaillimh)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=19 Feabhra 2022|language=en-CA|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2022-02-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tháinig an [[scannán]] amach sa bhliain 2022. Insíonn an scannán scéal, bunaithe ar an scéal ''Foster'' le [[Claire Keegan]], faoi chailín óg a bhfuil tuismitheoirí seachmallacha aici, a chuirtear ar [[altramas]] le gaolta meánaosta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/18-m%C3%A1rta-2023-maigh-eo/id1525428808?i=1000604742751|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall:  (Maigh Eo)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge Londain|dáta=18 Márta 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2023-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Scéal ===
Amuigh faoin tír in Éirinn sa mbliain 1981 atá an scannán bunaithe, scéal Cháit (Catherine Clinch) tráth a seoltar í óna teach plódaithe achrannach chuig gaolta i bhfad amach, le fanacht ina cónaí leo ar feadh an tsamhraidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=€1 milliún saothraithe ag an gCailín Ciúin sa bpictiúrlann|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2022/1010/1328288-1-milliun-saothraithe-ag-an-gcailin-ciuin-sa-bpictiurlann/|date=2022-10-10|language=ga|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá an scannán bunaithe ar scéal de chuid Claire Keegan ina insítear scéal Cháit, cailín óg 9 mbliana d’aois ó theaghlach atá róphlódaithe agus mífheidhmiúil agus a chuirtear ar shiúl chun cónaí le tuismitheoirí altrama don samhradh í.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Iníon naoi mbliana d’aois í Cáit. Fásann sí aníos ar fheirm a muintire. Cailín faiteach, í tite ar gcúl ina cuid scolaíochta. Is pantalóigín bheag í agus í briste brúite cheana féin. Níl éinne sa teaghlach baile in ann cothú coirp ná anama a sholáthar di. Feicfimid Cáit i bhfolach faoin leaba óna máthair, ainneoin go bhfuil a fhios ag a máthair go bhfuil sí istigh faoin leaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf|teideal=Treoir / Staidéar|údar=IFI|dáta=2022|dátarochtana=2023-04-18|archivedate=2023-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502010820/https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tosaíonn an scéal i gContae Chill Mhantáin agus ansin bogann sé go [[Gaeltacht na nDéise|Gaeltacht na Rinne]] (An Seanphobal); téann Cáit chun fanacht le tuismitheoirí altrama, gaolta lena máthair. Cuirtear Cáit ann ar feadh na tsamhraidh chuig teach sómhar feirme chol ceathrar na máthar. Caitheann sí an samhradh iomlán ar fheirm na gCinnsealach (Kinsella) agus tugann sí cabhair dóibh.   

Cuireann Eibhlín Bean Uí Chinnsealaigh ([[Carrie Crowley]]) fáilte mhór chroíúil roimpi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://weareirish.ie/entertainment/an-cailin-ciuin-cinema-release/|teideal=An scannán Gaeilge An Cailín Ciúin sna pictiúrlanna 12 Bealtaine ar aghaidh - WE ARE IRISH|dáta=2022-05-11|language=en-GB|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ach tá fear an tí, Seán (Andrew Bennett) tostach agus míchairdiúil nuair a thagann Cáit chun an tí ar dtús. Is athair altrama é Seán anois a bhfuil iníon óg altrama ina shaol aige. Istoíche, féachann sé ar an teilifís sa seomra suite leis féin, agus ní thugann sé aon aird ar Cháit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Fanann Seán amach ó Cháit, agus íse uaidhsean. Ach le himeacht ama, tosaíonn cairdeas ag neartú eatarthu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cine4.ie/ga/an-cailin-ciuin|teideal=ga/An Cailín Ciúin|language=en-IE|work=Cine4|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

* Ligeann sé do Cháit cabhrú leis chun cró na mbó a ghlanadh amach. 
* Spreagann sé í chun a bua reathaíochta a fhorbairt. 
* Ceannaíonn sé éadaí nua di.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Ullmhaíonn Eibhlín agus Cáit béile le chéile cúpla uair agus suíonn an teaghlach altrama chun boird le chéile nó in éineacht le cairde go minic. Tá imní ar Eibhlín; ag cogarnach le Cáit, ag ceapadh go bhfuil sí ina codladh, deir sí, “Go bhfóire Dia orainn, dá mba liomsa thú ní fhágfainn tú le strainséirí,” Níos déanaí, deir sí “Níl aon rún sa teach seo. An teach a bhfuil rún ann, tá náire sa teach sin.”

Tar éis roinnt ama, áfach, baintear siar as Cáit nuair a scaoileann comharsa rún léi. Cinnte, faoi chúram na gCinnsealach, bláthaíonn Cáit agus aimsíonn sí slí úr beatha. Ach sa teach seo nár chóir aon rúin a bheith ann, tugann sí an fhírinne shearbh chun solais. Nuair a thagann Cáit chun cónaí leis na Cinnsealaigh ar dtús, ní thuigeann sí go raibh cailliúint mhór acu ina saol.

Radharc tábhachtach is ea an radharc ina siúlann an chomharsa fhiosrach abhaile le Cáit ón tórramh. Cloiseann Cáit scéal tubaisteach uaithi. Ba le mac Eibhlín agus Sheáin na héadaí atá á gcaitheamh aici le mí. Fuair an páiste óg bás i dtimpiste feirme. 

Nuair atá an téarma scoile nua ag druidim léi, ní mór do Cháit filleadh abhaile chuig a muintir féin. Tiomáineann na Cinnsealaigh Cáit abhaile. Nuair a fhilleann Cáit abhaile chuig a muintir ag deireadh an tsamhraidh, tugann a máthair (Kate Nic Chonaonaigh) faoi deara go bhfuil Cáit athraithe. Fiafraíonn sí di: ‘Cad a tharla in aon chor?” Briseann an ''adieu'' croí na gCinnsealach. Fágann Cáit slán brónach grámhar lena cúramóirí cneasta chomh maith.
[[Íomhá:Gaeltacht na nDéise view.jpg|mion|[[Gaeltacht na nDéise]]]]

=== Téamaí ===
Is dráma casta íogair agus cigilteach fé [[Teacht in aois|theacht in aois]] é, ina ndéantar ceisteanna fé chúrsaí teaghlaigh, faillí agus caillteanas a chíoradh trí shúile a phríomhphearsa óig. Is scéal an-mhothúchánach é chomh maith.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/nach-iontach-an-rud-go-bhfuil-an-ghaeilge-le-clos-anois-i-ndorchadas-alainn-na-pictiurlainne/|teideal=‘Nach iontach an rud go bhfuil an Ghaeilge le clos anois i ndorchadas álainn na pictiúrlainne?’|údar=Meadhbh Ní Eadhra|dáta=4 Bealtaine 2022|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Déanann an scannán iniúchadh ar cheisteanna teaghlaigh, neamairt agus cumha trí shúile a phríomhcharachtair óig.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/scannain/an-cailin-ciuin-go-glorach-glormhar-ag-ifta/|teideal=‘An Cailín Ciúin’ go glórach glórmhar ag IFTA|údar=NÓS|language=en-US|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}{{Dead link|date=Aibreán 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Forbraíonn Cáit tuiscint uirthi féin agus ar a gcumas chun déileáil leis na dúshláin ina saol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf|teideal=Treoir / Staidéar|údar=IFI|dáta=2022|dátarochtana=2023-04-18|archivedate=2023-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502010820/https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa teach na gCinnsealach nach gcoinnítear rún ann, nochtann sí rún pianmhar amháin. Is scannán é faoin ngrá, faoin ngrá sin a chothaíonn muid agus muid ag fás aníos. Ach is scéal é chomh maith faoin deacracht, agus faoin mbaol fiú, a bhaineann le do chroí a oscailt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Mar a chuirtear in iúl i dteideal an scannáin, is cailín ciúin í Cáit. Agus tá gaol nach beag idir ciúnas agus rúin. Mura bhfuil míniú níos dorcha ná sin fós air, nach feasach dúinn, bíonn tolg leapan na girsí fliuch báite ar dhúiseacht di chuile mhaidin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/mioruilt-bheag-de-scannan-e-an-cailin-ciuin/|teideal=Míorúilt bheag de scannán é ‘An Cailín Ciúin’|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá cúpla móitíf sa scannán, íomhánna a fheicimid cúpla uair sa scannán agus a bhailíonn chucu brí agus tionchar mothúchánach le gach taispeáint.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

* Eibhlín agus Cáit ag siúl chuig an tobar le chéile
* Folt gruaige Cháit á scuabadh ag Eibhlín atá ag comhaireamh ó náid go dtí céad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2Days.mp4|teideal=Sliocht as an scannán|údar=IFI|dáta=2022|dátarochtana=2023-04-18|archivedate=2023-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418080850/https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2Days.mp4}}&lt;/ref&gt; “Ní raibh uait ach beagáinín peataireachta,” arsa Eibhlín le Cáit.
* Cáit ag rith síos an ascaill chun litreacha a bhailiú ón mbosca poist
* Ag deireadh an scannáin, nuair a ritheann Cáit síos an ascaill i ndiaidh charr na gCinnsealach, cuirtear na radhairc, agus móitífeanna eile, os ár gcomhair arís, ceann i ndiaidh a chéile, ina [[montáis]].

Tá go leor rún sa scannán ''An Cailín Ciúin'' a cheileann daoine ar dhaoine eile. Cabhraíonn na rúin le comhbhá a chruthú idir an lucht féachana agus na carachtair a bhfuil an rún acu.

=== Glacadh criticiúil ===
Bhí léirmheasanna &quot;cúig réalta&quot; á fháil ó nuachtáin in Éirinn agus i Sasana ag an scannán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-scannan-eireannach-is-fearr-riamh-seans-cuig-realta-a-mbronnadh-ar-dalladh-ar-an-cailin-ciuin/|teideal=‘An scannán Éireannach is fearr riamh, seans’– cúig réalta á mbronnadh ar dalladh ar ‘An Cailín Ciúin’|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taispeánadh an scannán den chéad uair i mí Feabhra 2022 ag féile mór le rá Berlinale sa Bheirlín (Féile Idirnáisiúnta Scannán Bheirlín), áit ar bhain sé amach an duais Grand Prix an Choiste Idirnáisiúnta Generation Kplus (sa rannóg Glúin/Generation) don Scannán is Fearr.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=72nd Berlin International Film Festival|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=72nd_Berlin_International_Film_Festival&amp;oldid=1073049903|journal=Wikipedia|date=2022-02-20|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Is é an chéad scannán Gaeilge a taispeánadh ag an bhféile. Tugadh ardmholadh don chineamatagrafaíocht, don scór agus don aisteoir óg Catherine Clinch atá sa phríomhpháirt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Bhí ocht ngradam de chuid Acadamh Scannánaíochta agus Teilifíse na hÉireann bronnta air ag searmanas gradam [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]], lena n-áirítear AN SCANNÁN IS FEARR, AN STIÚRTHÓIR IS FEARR ⁊ AN tAISTEOIR MNÁ IS FEARR.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://peig.ie/en/2022/03/stiurthoir-an-cailin-ciuin-ainmnithe-do-ghradam-an-rising-star-ag-ifta/|teideal=Stiúrthóir ‘An Cailín Ciúin’ ainmnithe do ghradam an ‘Rising Star’ ag IFTA|dáta=2022-03-04|language=en-US|work=PEIG|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ar 24 Eanáir 2023, bhí ''An Cailín Ciúin'' ainmnithe do ghradam [[Gradaim an Acadaimh|Oscar]] sa chatagóir don 'Príomhscannán Idirnáisiúnta is Fearr', an chéad scannán Gaeilge riamh a bhfuil sé seo bainte amach aige.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An scannán Gaeilge 'An Cailín Ciúin' ainmnithe do ghradam Oscar|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/0124/1351563-ainmniuchan-oscar-faighte-ag-an-scannan-gaeilge-an-cailin-ciuin/|date=2023-01-24|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ar 12 Márta 2023 in Hollywood, bhí ''An Cailín Ciúin'' san áireamh do ghradam Oscar, ainmnithe mar cheann de na scannáin eachtracha is fearr i mbliana. Ba é an chéad scannán Gaelach a bhain an onóir sin amach. Níor bhuaigh ''An Cailín Ciúin'' an duais; bhí an bua ag “Scéal ar Bith ón bhFronta Thiar”, cóiriú ar an úrscéal frithchogaidh Gearmánach le Erich Remarque.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Léiriú ===
Tá an scannán bunaithe ar an nóibhille ''Foster'' leis an údar Éireannach, Samhlaigh Colm Bairéad an scéal mar scannán Claire Keegan. Fuair INSCÉAL&lt;ref&gt;Bhunaigh Colm Bhairéad agus Cleona Ní Chrualaoi an comhlacht léiriúcháin INSCÉAL.&lt;/ref&gt; cead ó Keegan an scéal a iompú ina scannán. 

Ba í Cleona Ní Chrualaoi a léirigh ''An Cailín Ciúin''. Mhaoinigh [[Fís Éireann]], [[TG4]] agus [[Údarás Craolacháin na hÉireann / An BAI|Údarás Craolacháin na hÉireann]] an scannán mar chuid de scéim Cine4. Fuair an scannán dreasacht chánach Alt 481 ó [[Rialtas na hÉireann]] freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=€1 milliún saothraithe ag an gCailín Ciúin sa bpictiúrlann|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2022/1010/1328288-1-milliun-saothraithe-ag-an-gcailin-ciuin-sa-bpictiurlann/|date=2022-10-10|language=ga|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ansin rinneadh scannánú ar an láthair sa [[Contae na Mí|Mhí]] agus i mBaile Átha Cliath'; léiríodh an scannán le linn [[Dianghlasáil Hubei (2020)|dianghlasála]], i bhFómhar 2020. Seoladh an scannán ag Féile Scannán idirnáisiúnta Bheirlín, Feabhra 2022. Fuair BREAKOUT PICTURES agus CURZON na cearta don scannán in Éirinn agus sa Ríocht Aontaithe. Rinne siad é a phoibliú agus é a eisiúint sna pictiúrlanna sa dá chríoch i mí Bhealtaine 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/45792-B-AnCC-Letter-to-Schools-GA.pdf|teideal=AN CAILÍN CIÚIN (12A)|údar=cogg.ie|dáta=2022|dátarochtana=2022|archivedate=2022-06-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629061759/https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/45792-B-AnCC-Letter-to-Schools-GA.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go dtí tús mhí Dheireadh Fómhair 2022, tar éis 22 seachtain sna pictiúrlanna in Éirinn agus sa Ríocht Aontaithe, bhí €1 milliún saothraithe ag an scannán.

==Canúint==

[[Gaeilinn na nDéise]] atá le clos sa scannán.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.allaboutirish.ie/blog/gaeilge-na-nd%C3%A9ise&lt;/ref&gt; Seo cuid de na leaganacha canúnacha nó áitiúla atá ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2023-04-18 |archivedate=2023-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502010820/https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

* Dé chúis - cén fáth
* Habú/Leabú - leaba
* Fuireach - fanacht
* Thá - tá
* Fhéach - Féach
* Ruch - rith
* Aireachas - Aire

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Altramas]]
* [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]]
* [[Teacht in aois]]

* [[Údarás Craolacháin na hÉireann / An BAI|Údarás Craolacháin na hÉireann]] / An BAI

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{Gradam Ciorcal Léirmheastóirí Scannán Bhaile Átha Cliath don Scannán Éireannach is Fearr}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cailin Ciuin, An}}
[[Catagóir:Scannáin 2022]]
[[Catagóir:Scannáin na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Scannáin Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Scannáin TG4]]
[[Catagóir:Altramas]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean stairiúil na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean stairiúil]]</text>
      <sha1>dr2c65iftg7jr6621vctu2amh2aq0y3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ruth Bradley</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>106351</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332043</id>
      <parentid>1123331</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:55:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mionathruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332043</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="650" sha1="3etdaqyq4mcni0a0ecrvzul6k30gpof" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Is aisteoir Éireannach í '''Sharon Ruth Bradley'''. Tá aithne uirthi as Emily Merchant in ''Primeval'' (2011) agus Karen Voss in ''Humans'' (2015-18). Bhí róil rialta aici freisin i ''Legend'' (2006) ''The Innocence Project'' (2006-07), ''Plus One'' (2009) agus ''Love/Hate''. Bhuaigh sí Gradam [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] don Aisteoir Tacaíochta is Fearr i 2007 do ''[[Stardust (scannán 2007)|Stardust]]''.

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Síol-aisteoir}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bradley, Ruth}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1987]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Aisteoirí Éireannacha]]</text>
      <sha1>3etdaqyq4mcni0a0ecrvzul6k30gpof</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Manchán Magan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>107173</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332099</id>
      <parentid>1331540</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T09:26:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Níl a fhios çén fáth catagóir &quot;Hourigan&quot; a bhí ann.  Cealaíodh athrú [[Special:Diff/1331540|1331540]] le [[Special:Contributions/TheUltimateGenealogy|TheUltimateGenealogy]] ([[User talk:TheUltimateGenealogy|plé]])</comment>
      <origin>1332099</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11142" sha1="bss6vikzlc1hjwlzi95ns0ziflishn2" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Scríbhneoir, craoltóir agus taistealaí ab ea '''Manchán Magan''' ([[20 Lúnasa]] [[1970]] - [[2 Deireadh Fómhair]] [[2025]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://rip.ie/death-notice/manchan-magan-dublin-607001|teideal=Death Notice of Manchán MAGAN (Dublin) {{!}} rip.ie|language=en|work=rip.ie|dátarochtana=2025-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/beimid-ar-fad-a-thugann-gra-do-theanga-na-ngael-faoi-chomaoin-ag-manchan-magan-go-deo-micheal-d-o-huiginn/|teideal=‘Beimid ar fad a thugann grá do theanga na nGael faoi chomaoin ag Manchán Magan go deo’ – Micheál D Ó hUigínn|údar=Micheál D Ó hUigínn - ómós pearsanta|dáta=2025-10-07|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/manchan-magan-an-scribhneoir-agus-deantoir-clar-faisneise-ar-shli-na-firinne/|teideal=Manchán Magan, an scríbhneoir agus déantóir clár faisnéise, ar shlí na fírinne|dáta=2025-10-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-10-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/1003/1536619-an-craoltaoir-agus-scribhneoir-manchan-magan-tar-eis-bhais/ |title=An craoltaóir agus scríbhneoir Manchán Magan tar éis bháis |date=2025-10-03 |language=ga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí cáil náisiúnta bainte amach ag Magan de bharr a chuid oibre do [[TG4]] agus [[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]], obair a thosaigh sé thiar sna 1990idí nuair nach raibh sé i bhfad tar éis a chuid oideachais a chríochnú. A chláir taistil agus a shuim sa Ghaeilge is mó a thuill cáil dó agus tugtar aitheantas dó as cabhrú le suim daoine sa Ghaeilge a mhúscailt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/obituary-manchan-magan-author-and-broadcaster-who-championed-the-irish-language-and-environmental-causes-with-wit-and-wisdom/a203212133.html|teideal=Obituary: Manchán Magan, author and broadcaster who championed the Irish language and environmental causes with wit and wisdom|dáta=2025-10-05|language=en|work=Irish Independent|dátarochtana=2025-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://thegloss.ie/writers-block-by-manchan-magan/|teideal=Writer’s Block by Manchán Magan|údar=Orna Mulcahy|dáta=2022-03-18|language=en-US|work=The Gloss Magazine|dátarochtana=2025-10-07}} {{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/manchan-magan-an-scribhneoir-agus-deantoir-clar-faisneise-ar-shli-na-firinne/|teideal=Manchán Magan, an scríbhneoir agus déantóir clár faisnéise, ar shlí na fírinne|dáta=2025-10-03|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2025-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Beatha ==
I mBaile Átha Cliath a rugadh Manchán Magan agus tógadh i gceantar Dhomhnach Broc (bóthar ­Eglinton) é. Garmhac ab ea é leis an bpoblachtánach cáiliúil [[Sheila Humphreys]] agus ba gharnia é leis [[Mícheál Seosamh Ó Rathaille|An Rathailleach]], an náisiúnaí mór le rá a ghlac páirt in Éirí Amach 1916. Chaith sé a laethanta saoire go minic lena Mhamó, Sheila Humphreys i g[[Ceann Trá]], [[Contae Chiarraí]].

D'fhreastail sé ar Mount Anville Montessori sna 1970idí agus ansin [[Coláiste Gonzaga]] sna 1980idí. Chaith sé bliain amháin i g[[Coláiste na Rinne]]. 

Rinne sé céim sa Ghaeilge agus sa Dlí i gColáiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath.

=== Craoltóir ===
Sa bhliain 1996 tháinig Manchán agus a dheartháir Ruán chuig Teilifís na Gaeilge (TG4 inniu) ag iarraidh ceamara a fháil ón gcraoltóir nua, ag maíomh go bhféadfadh an bheirt acu cláracha taistil a chur le chéile don chainéal nua Gaeilge. Chuaigh TnaG, mar a thugtar air ag an am, san fhiontar leis agus fuair an bheirt an ceamara. Thugadar aghaidh ar an India, agus as an turas sin tháinig sraith clár taistil, agus tús le ré Mhancháin sna meáin. Bhain sé aitheantas amach ansin mar dhuine de cheannródaithe sheanrá an chláir taistil i nGaeilge; rinne sé os cionn 70 clár taistil lena dheartháir Ruán Magan le linn a shaoil.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ar na cláir faisnéise eile a rinne sé, bhí an tsraith ''Crainn na hÉireann'' agus ''An Fód Deireanach'', sraith faoi phortaigh na hÉireann. Tharraing sé conspóid uaireanta. Ar cheann díobh sin bhí an tsraith ''[[No Béarla (clár teilifíse)|No Béarla]]'' sa bhliain 2007, turas timpeall na hÉireann agus é ag labhairt Gaeilge amháin gach áit a ndeachaigh sé, clár faoina dheacra is atá sé do shaol a chaitheamh trí Ghaeilge. 

Ba é an tsraith dheireanach a rinne sé do RTÉ ''Listen to the Land Speak'', cláir inar shiúl sé bealaigh spioradálta ársa na tíre féachaint le ceangal idir an duine agus a oidhreacht sa talamh a thabhairt ar ais.

=== Feirmeoir agus nadúr ===
Bhí feirm ag Magan i g[[Contae na hIarmhí]]. Sa bhliain 1987, agus in aois 17 dó, fuair sé £10,000 le huacht Sheila Humphreys agus geadán talún i gCummerstown.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/51329|teideal=Cummerstown|language=ga|work=logainm.ie|dátarochtana=2025-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí tábhacht an dúlra, na timpeallachta agus na hilchultúrhachta agus contúirt an domhandaithe agus an truaillithe ina dtéamaí láidre ina saothar. Phléigh sé go minic leis an spioradáltacht ina chuid clár agus leabhar chomh maith.

Sheas Magan don [[Comhaontas Glas|Chomhaontas Glas]] in Olltoghchán 2016 ([[Dáilcheantar Longfort–An Iarmhí]]) ach níor éirigh leis.

=== Bás agus oidhreacht ===
Tháinig [[ailse phróstataigh]] air in 2023. Bhásaigh sé dhá bhliain níos déanaí, ar an [[2 Deireadh Fómhair]] [[2025]]. Cúig bliana le cois an leathchéid a bhí sé.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/4-deireadh-f%C3%B3mhair-2025-gaillimh/id1525428808?i=1000730091303|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Gaillimh)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=4 Deireadh Fómhair 2025|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2025-10-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; I mí Mheán Fómhair 2025, thug Manchán le fios don saol mór (in [https://www.rte.ie/radio/radio1/clips/22549504/ agallamh] a rinne sé ar RTÉ Raidió 1) go raibh sé ag fáil bháis le hailse a bhí scaipthe go dtí áiteacha go leor ina cholainn. Labhair sé faoina chás ar bhealach a chuaigh i bhfeidhm ar mhórán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/radio1/clips/22549504/|teideal=Manchán Magan's final interview|údar=Brendan O'Connor / RTÉ Radio 1|dáta=2025-10-04|language=en-IE|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2025-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Timpeall an ama céanna, phós sé a pháirtí Aisling Rogerson in [[Ospidéal San Séamus]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=&quot;Fear iontais lán d'iontas&quot; - sochraid curtha ar Mhanchán Magan|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/1006/1537134-fear-iontais-lan-diontas-sochtraid-curtha-ar-mhanchan-magan/|date=2025-10-06|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Site of Celtic Festival of Bealtaine.jpg|mion|293x293px|Scaipeadh a luaithreach i [[Cnoc Uisnigh|gCnoc Uisnigh]] i g[[Contae na hIarmhí]]]]
Reáchtáladh seirbhís a shochraide i séipéal Choláiste Gonzaga. Créamadh é ina dhiaidh. Scaipeadh a luaithreach i g[[Cnoc Uisnigh]], Maireann a pháirtí Aisling, a mháthair Cróine, a dheartháireacha Ríoch agus Ruán, agus a dheirfiúr Líadain.

Bhí a chroí sa Ghaeilge agus sa chultúr a bhain leis an teanga agus gur theastaigh uaidh go mbeadh teacht ag gach duine ar an gcultúr sin. Ach le daoine a mhealladh a bhí sé le héadroime agus le greann. Dhúisigh sé an t-iontas roimh shaibhreas an tsaoil timpeall orainn, a dúirt Prionsias Ní Ghráinne, eagarthóir choimisiúnaithe TG4, in 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán |last=Nuacht RTÉ |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/1003/1536619-an-craoltaoir-agus-scribhneoir-manchan-magan-tar-eis-bhais/ |title=An craoltaóir agus scríbhneoir Manchán Magan tar éis bháis |date=2025-10-03 |language=ga-IE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Foilseacháin ==
Tá leabhair agus iliomad colún scríofa aige do nuachtáin. Ba é ''Ninety-Nine Words for Rain (and One for Sun)'' a leabhar deireanach a foilsíodh sa bhliain 2025. Ba cholúnaí rialta leis an ''Irish Times'' é.

'''As Gaeilge'''
* {{cite book|title=Manchán ar Seachrán}} &quot;Ó Bhaile Átha Cliath go [[Nairobi]] i Seanleoraí Airm&quot; (Coiscéím 1998),&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.manchansbooks.com/books/p/manchan-ar-seachran|teideal=Manchán ar Seachrán|language=en-IE|work=Manchán's Books|dátarochtana=2025-10-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Baba-ji agus TnaG'' (Coiscéim 2005)
* ''Bí i nGrá'' (úrscéal) (Coiscéim 2008)&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.coisceim.ie/biinngra.html|teideal=Bí i nGrá Manchán Magan|work=www.coisceim.ie|dátarochtana=2025-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
'''I mBéarla'''
* {{cite book|title=Angels and Rabies: A journey through the Americas|year=2006|publisher=Brandon / Mount Eagle Publications Ltd|isbn=978-0-8632-2349-5|language=en}}
* {{cite book|title=Thirty Two Words for Field|year=2020|publisher=Gill Books|isbn=978-0-7171-8797-3}}
* {{cite book|title=Tree dogs, banshee fingers and other Irish words for nature|year=2021|publisher=Gill Children's|isbn=978-07171-9255-7}}
* {{cite book|title=Dána Gránna: Hasty Words for People|year=2022|publisher=Redfox Press}}
* {{cite book|title=Sea Tamagotchi|publisher=Redfox Press}}
* {{cite book|title=Listen To The Land Speak|year=2022|publisher=Gill Books |isbn=978-0-7171-9259-5}}
* {{cite book|title=Wolf Men And Water Hounds|year=2023|publisher=Gill Children'|isbn=978-0-7171-9611-1}}
* {{cite book|title=Focail na mBan: Women's Words|year=2023|publisher=Mayo Books Press|isbn=978-1-9145-9615-5}}
* {{cite book|title=Irish Words For Nature|year=2024|publisher=Gill Children's|isbn=978-1-8045-8334-0}}
* {{cite book|title=Brehons and Brahmins: Resonances between Irish and Indian cultures|year=2024|publisher=Mayo Books Press|isbn=978-1-9145-9640-7}}
* {{cite book|title=Ireland in Iceland: Gaelic Remnants in a Nordic Land|year=2025|publisher=Mayo Books Press|isbn=978-1-9145-9635-3}}
* {{cite book|title=Ninety-Nine Words For Rain (And One For Sun) |year=2025|publisher=Gill Books |isbn=978-1-8045-8334-0}}

== Féach freisin ==
* [[No Béarla (clár teilifíse)|''No Béarla'' (clár teilifíse)]]
* [[An Longfort–An Iarmhí (Dáilcheantar)|Longfort–An Iarmhí (Dáilcheantar)]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}{{Rialú údaráis}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Magan, Manchan}}
[[Catagóir:Manchán Magan| ]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1970]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2025]]
[[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Litríocht taistil na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Litríocht taistil Éireannach]]
[[Catagóir:Longfort–An Iarmhí (Dáilcheantar)]]
[[Catagóir:Lucht TG4]]
[[Catagóir:Lucht RTÉ]]
[[Catagóir:Láithreoirí teilifíse Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni COBÁC]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Choláiste na Rinne]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Choláiste Gonzaga]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Mount Anville Montessori]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae na hIarmhí]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna de bharr ailse phróstataigh in Éirinn]]</text>
      <sha1>bss6vikzlc1hjwlzi95ns0ziflishn2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Colm Bairéad</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>107596</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332066</id>
      <parentid>1327694</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:07:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nasc curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332066</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4421" sha1="qurwmyrsydnpckx9y6m2w7do7a5ks4b" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is [[Stiúrthóir scannán|scannánóir]] as [[Baile Átha Cliath]] é '''Colm Bairéad''' (a rugadh sa bhliain 1981).&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.movies.ie/an-cailin-ciuin-interview-with-director-colm-bairead/|teideal=Interview with director Colm Bairéad|údar=movies.ie|dáta=2022-05-11|language=en-IE|work=Movies.ie - Irish Cinema Site|dátarochtana=2023-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bhronn Cuallacht Stiúrthóirí Scáileáin na hÉireann duais ar Bhairéad in 2012 as a chuid sároibre trí Ghaeilge, agus bronnadh céim dochtúra oinigh air in 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ceimeanna-dochtura-oinigh-bronnta-ar-cholm-bairead-agus-cleona-ni-chrualaoi-as-eacht-an-cailin-ciuin/|teideal=Céimeanna dochtúra oinigh bronnta ar Cholm Bairéad agus Cleona Ní Chrualaoi as ‘éacht’ ‘An Cailín Ciúin’|údar=Méabh Ní Thuathaláin|dáta=6 Meán Fómhair  2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-09-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saol ==
Tógadh Colm Bairéad i dteaghlach dátheangach i dtuaisceart chathair Átha Cliath. Níor labhair a athair Béarla leo ariamh ach is é an Béarla a labhair a mháthair leo. Bhunaigh athair Choilm [[Gaelscoil Míde]] – agus is ansin a chuaigh siad ar scoil. Agus é ar an meánscoil, bhí Colm ina dhalta i g[[Coláiste Eoin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/nach-iontach-an-rud-go-bhfuil-an-ghaeilge-le-clos-anois-i-ndorchadas-alainn-na-pictiurlainne/|teideal=‘Nach iontach an rud go bhfuil an Ghaeilge le clos anois i ndorchadas álainn na pictiúrlainne?’|údar=Meadhbh Ní Eadhra|dáta=4 Bealtaine 2022|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-04-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bhí an-suim ag a mhuintir sna scannáin ‘chlasaiceacha’ agus é ag fás aníos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf|teideal=Treoir / Staidéar|údar=IFI|dáta=2022|dátarochtana=2023-04-19|archivedate=2023-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502010820/https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cheannaigh fear an tí meaisín [[VHS]] don teaghlach sa bhliain 1990, agus shocraigh sé ar iarracht a dhéanamh scannáin fhiúntacha a chuir faoina mbráid. “Bhí meascán iontach i gceist, gach rud ó na seanscannáin thostacha, leithéidí ''Modern Times'' le [[Charlie Chaplin|Chaplin]] go seónna ceoil na 30idí, 40daí agus na 50idí in Hollywood, go scannáin [[Ernst Lubitsch]], [[John Huston]], [[Akira Kurosawa]], [[David Lean]], [[Sidney Lumet]] srl.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Fuair Colm Bairéad  céim ó Scoil Scannán [[Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Atha Cliath|Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath.]]

Tá Colm Bairéad pósta le [[Cleona Ní Chrualaoi]], [[Léiritheoir scannáin|léiritheoir scannáin.]]

Sa bhliain 2024, bhí céimeanna dochtúra oinigh bronnta ag [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath]] ar  Colm Bairéad agus a bhean [[Cleona Ní Chrualaoi]], léiritheoir an scannáin Ghaeilge ''An Cailín Ciúin''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
[[Íomhá:An_Cailín_Ciúin_1.jpg|mion|tréiléar&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=AN CAILÍN CIÚIN (THE QUIET GIRL) TRAILER - In Cinemas May 12th|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uOLJqEJI_-o|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
== Saothar ==

* Cláir faisnéise staire do TG4 ar nós ''Murdair Mhám Trasna''  agus  ''Finné''
* Scannán faisnéise faoi ''[[Mise Éire (scannán)|Mise Éire]]''
* Sraithchlár faisnéise do TV3 suite i b[[Príosún Mhuinseo|Príosún Mhuinseo.]]
* Sraithchlár [[An Ceoldráma|''An Ceoldráma'']] do TG4 faoi cheithre Ghaelscoil a bhí páirteach sa bhFéile Scoildrámaíochta.
* Gearrscannán as Gaeilge: ''An tÁdh''.
* Tháinig a chéad fhadscannán amach sa bhliain 2022, ''[[An Cailín Ciúin]]''. Bronnadh Gradaim [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]] don Stiúrthóir is Fearr agus Gradam Réalta Nua Fís Éireann air. Ainmnithe do: Ghradaim BAFTA agus Gradam Oscar don Scannán Idirnáisiúnta is Fearr, 2022.

== Féach freisin ==

* [[An Cailín Ciúin]]
* [[Cleona Ní Chrualaoi]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bairéad, Colm}}
[[Catagóir:Stiúrthóirí scannán Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1981]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta Átha Cliath]]</text>
      <sha1>qurwmyrsydnpckx9y6m2w7do7a5ks4b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>BBC Raidió Feabhail</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>107655</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331978</id>
      <parentid>1133456</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:58:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Catagóirí curtha leis agus beagán eile</comment>
      <origin>1331978</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1118" sha1="5qi3q4rpfpy6eelmeoxg5nnas26p2l2" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}

Stáisiún [[raidió]] áitiúil is ea '''BBC Raidió Feabhail''', atá bunaithe i n[[Doire]] agus is cuid de [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]] é. Thosaigh sé ag craoladh ar [[11 Meán Fómhair]] [[1979]].

Dúirt an BBC sa bhliain 2026, agus ciorrú mór á dhéanamh ar [[BBC Gaeilge]], go raibh sé mar aidhm acu níos mó ábhar i nGaeilge a chraoladh ar Raidió Feabhail.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Údar ‘náire’ ciorruithe foirne an BBC, atá ‘ag éirí níos naimhdí’ i leith na Gaeilge|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-naire-ciorruithe-foirne-an-bbc-ata-ag-eiri-nios-naimhdi-i-leith-na-gaeilge/|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dáta=2026-10-20|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[BBC Gaeilge]]
* [[BBC Raidió Uladh]]
* [[Raidió Fáilte]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/radiofoyle BBC Raidió Feabhail]

[[Catagóir:BBC]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin raidió i dTuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Doire]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 1979]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 1970í]]</text>
      <sha1>5qi3q4rpfpy6eelmeoxg5nnas26p2l2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Filí Gaeilge na hAlban</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>111055</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331951</id>
      <parentid>1279553</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:20:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Catagóir:Filí Gaelacha]] go [[Catagóir:Filí Gaeilge na hAlban]]</comment>
      <origin>1279553</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="133" sha1="2urm4dliw9yntud5u0r7zck7zzcau6u" xml:space="preserve">{{DEFAULTSORT:Fili Gaelacha}}
[[Catagóir:Filí|Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Filí de réir teanga|Gaeilge]]</text>
      <sha1>2urm4dliw9yntud5u0r7zck7zzcau6u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331953</id>
      <parentid>1331951</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:29:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1331953</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3368" sha1="p3vxoomzuub9w89du5ksq72h84dhf69" xml:space="preserve">
Seo liosta de bhaird a scríobh i nGaeilge na hAlban (Gàidhlig).

=== A ===
* [[Ailean Dòmhnallach (Ailean an Ridge)]]
* [[Aithbhreac inghean Coirceadail]]
* [[Alasdair Barden]]
* [[Alasdair Camshron (Bàrd Thùrnaig)]]
* [[Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair]]
* [[Alasdair MacFhionghain]]
* [[Am Bocsair]]
* [[Am Puilean]]
* [[An t-Urramach Gilleasbuig Farcharson]]
* [[Anna Chaimbeul]]
* [[Anne Frater]]
* [[Aonghas Caimbeul (Am Bocsair)]]
* [[Aonghas Caimbeul (Am Puilean)]]
* [[Aonghas Dubh MacNeacail]]
* [[Aonghas MacDhonnchaidh]]
* [[Aonghas Pàdraig Caimbeul]]
* [[Artúr Dall Mac Gurcaigh]]

=== B ===
* [[Bàrd Bhaile Mhàrtainn]]
* [[Bàrd Bharbhais]]
* [[Bàrd Mhealaboist]]
* [[Bàrd Thùrnaig]]
* [[Bhaltair Cinneide]]
* [[Bhàtair Scott MacPhàrlain]]

=== C ===
* [[Cairistìona NicFhearghais]]
* [[Calum MacPhàrlain]]
* [[Catrìona NicGumaraid]]
* [[Crìsdean Whyte]]

=== D ===
* [[Deòrsa Mac Iain Dheòrsa]]
* [[Dòmhnall Aonghais Bhàin]]
* [[Dòmhnall Caimbeul (Dòmhnall Phàil)]]
* [[Dòmhnall Chràisgein]]
* [[Dòmhnall Dòmhnallach (Bàrd Bharbhais)]]
* [[Dòmhnall Grannd]]
* [[Dòmhnall Iain MacÌomhair]]
* [[Dòmhnall Mac Fhionnlaigh nan Dàn]]
* [[Dòmhnall Mac na Ceàrdaich]]
* [[Dòmhnall MacAmhlaigh]]
* [[Dòmhnall MacDhòmhnaill (Bàrd Bharbhais)]]
* [[Dòmhnall MacEacharn]]
* [[Dòmhnall MacPhilip]]
* [[Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna]]
* [[Dòmhnall Ruadh Phàislig]]
* [[Dòmhnall S. Moireach]]
* [[Dòmhnall Alasdair Dòmhnallach]]
* [[Donnchadh Bàn Mac an t-Saoir]]
* [[Donnchadh Gobha]]
* [[Donnchadh MacDhunlèibhe]]
* [[Donnchadh nam Pìos]]
* [[Dùghall Bochanan]]

=== E ===
* [[Eòghann MacColla]]
* [[Eòghann MacLachlainn]]

=== F ===
* [[Fearghas MacFhionnlaigh]]
* [[Fionn (Henry Whyte)]]

=== G ===
* [[Gilleasbuig Farcharson, An t-Urr.]]
* [[Gilleasbuig Grannda]]
* [[Gillebríghde Albanach]]

=== I ===
* [[Iain Caimbeul (na Leadaige)]]
* [[Iain Eairdsidh MacAsgaill]]
* [[Iain Gobha na Hearadh]]
* [[Iain Lom]]
* [[Iain Mac a' Ghobhainn]]
* [[Iain Mac a' Ghobhainn (Iarsiadar)]]
* [[Iain MacCalum]]
* [[Iain MacCodrum]]
* [[Iain MacCoinnich]]
* [[Iain MacGilleEathain (Bàrd Thighearna Cholla)]]
* [[Iain MacIllEathain]]
* [[Iain MacIllEathain (Bàrd Bhaile Mhàrtainn)]]
* [[Iain MacLachlainn (An Lighiche)]]
* [[Iain MacNeacail (An Sgiobair)]]
* [[Iain MacPhaidein, Muile]]
* [[Iain Moireach]]
* [[Iain Rothach]]
* [[Iain Ruadh Stiùbhart]]
* [[Iseabail NicCailein]]

=== L ===
* [[Lachlan Mac a’ Phearsain]]
* [[Lachlann mac Theàrlaich Òig]]

=== M ===
* [[Maighread nighean Lachlainn]]
* [[Maighstir Ailean]]
* [[Màiri Mhòr nan Òran]]
* [[Màiri NicGumaraid]]
* [[Màiri Nighean Alasdair Ruaidh]]
* [[Maoilios Caimbeul]]
* [[Meg Bateman]]
* [[Murchadh Moireach]]
* [[Murchadh MacPharlain]]

=== N ===
* [[Niall Gòrdan]]
* [[Niall MacLeòid]]
* [[Niall Mòr MacMuireadhaigh]]
* [[Niall O'Gallagher]]
* [[Nighean Fhir na Rèilig]]

=== P ===
* [[Pàdraig Grannd]]

=== R ===
* [[Rob Donn MacAoidh]]
* [[Rody Gorman]]
* [[Ruairidh MacMhuirich &quot;An Clàrsair Dall&quot;]]
* [[Ruaraidh MacThòmais]]

=== S ===
* [[Seòras MacCoinnich]]
* [[Seumas MacThòmais]]
* [[Sìleas na Ceapaich]]
* [[Somhairle MacGill-Eain]]

=== T ===
* [[Tormod MacGill-Eain]]
* [[Tormod MacLeòid (Am Bàrd Bochd)]]

=== U ===
* [[Uilleam Dhòmhnaill 'ic Choinnich]]
* [[Uilleam MacDhunlèibhe]]
* [[Uilleam Nèill]]
* [[Uilleam Ros]]</text>
      <sha1>p3vxoomzuub9w89du5ksq72h84dhf69</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331954</id>
      <parentid>1331953</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1331954</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3398" sha1="abj7czr8g10n536u288i9zc83ix1q5y" xml:space="preserve">
Seo liosta de bhaird a scríobh i nGaeilge na hAlban (Gàidhlig).

=== A ===
* [[Ailean Dòmhnallach (Ailean an Ridge)]]
* [[Aithbhreac inghean Coirceadail]]
* [[Alasdair Barden]]
* [[Alasdair Camshron (Bàrd Thùrnaig)]]
* [[Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair]]
* [[Alasdair MacFhionghain]]
* [[Am Bocsair]]
* [[Am Puilean]]
* [[An t-Urramach Gilleasbuig Farcharson]]
* [[Anna Chaimbeul]]
* [[Anne Frater]]
* [[Aonghas Caimbeul (Am Bocsair)]]
* [[Aonghas Caimbeul (Am Puilean)]]
* [[Aonghas Dubh MacNeacail]]
* [[Aonghas MacDhonnchaidh]]
* [[Aonghas Pàdraig Caimbeul]]
* [[Artúr Dall Mac Gurcaigh]]

=== B ===
* [[Bàrd Bhaile Mhàrtainn]]
* [[Bàrd Bharbhais]]
* [[Bàrd Mhealaboist]]
* [[Bàrd Thùrnaig]]
* [[Bhaltair Cinneide]]
* [[Bhàtair Scott MacPhàrlain]]

=== C ===
* [[Cairistìona NicFhearghais]]
* [[Calum MacPhàrlain]]
* [[Catrìona NicGumaraid]]
* [[Crìsdean Whyte]]

=== D ===
* [[Deòrsa Mac Iain Dheòrsa]]
* [[Dòmhnall Aonghais Bhàin]]
* [[Dòmhnall Caimbeul (Dòmhnall Phàil)]]
* [[Dòmhnall Chràisgein]]
* [[Dòmhnall Dòmhnallach (Bàrd Bharbhais)]]
* [[Dòmhnall Grannd]]
* [[Dòmhnall Iain MacÌomhair]]
* [[Dòmhnall Mac Fhionnlaigh nan Dàn]]
* [[Dòmhnall Mac na Ceàrdaich]]
* [[Dòmhnall MacAmhlaigh]]
* [[Dòmhnall MacDhòmhnaill (Bàrd Bharbhais)]]
* [[Dòmhnall MacEacharn]]
* [[Dòmhnall MacPhilip]]
* [[Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna]]
* [[Dòmhnall Ruadh Phàislig]]
* [[Dòmhnall S. Moireach]]
* [[Dòmhnall Alasdair Dòmhnallach]]
* [[Donnchadh Bàn Mac an t-Saoir]]
* [[Donnchadh Gobha]]
* [[Donnchadh MacDhunlèibhe]]
* [[Donnchadh nam Pìos]]
* [[Dùghall Bochanan]]

=== E ===
* [[Eòghann MacColla]]
* [[Eòghann MacLachlainn]]

=== F ===
* [[Fearghas MacFhionnlaigh]]
* [[Fionn (Henry Whyte)]]

=== G ===
* [[Gilleasbuig Farcharson, An t-Urr.]]
* [[Gilleasbuig Grannda]]
* [[Gillebríghde Albanach]]

=== I ===
* [[Iain Caimbeul (na Leadaige)]]
* [[Iain Eairdsidh MacAsgaill]]
* [[Iain Gobha na Hearadh]]
* [[Iain Lom]]
* [[Iain Mac a' Ghobhainn]]
* [[Iain Mac a' Ghobhainn (Iarsiadar)]]
* [[Iain MacCalum]]
* [[Iain MacCodrum]]
* [[Iain MacCoinnich]]
* [[Iain MacGilleEathain (Bàrd Thighearna Cholla)]]
* [[Iain MacIllEathain]]
* [[Iain MacIllEathain (Bàrd Bhaile Mhàrtainn)]]
* [[Iain MacLachlainn (An Lighiche)]]
* [[Iain MacNeacail (An Sgiobair)]]
* [[Iain MacPhaidein, Muile]]
* [[Iain Moireach]]
* [[Iain Rothach]]
* [[Iain Ruadh Stiùbhart]]
* [[Iseabail NicCailein]]

=== L ===
* [[Lachlan Mac a’ Phearsain]]
* [[Lachlann mac Theàrlaich Òig]]

=== M ===
* [[Maighread nighean Lachlainn]]
* [[Maighstir Ailean]]
* [[Màiri Mhòr nan Òran]]
* [[Màiri NicGumaraid]]
* [[Màiri Nighean Alasdair Ruaidh]]
* [[Maoilios Caimbeul]]
* [[Meg Bateman]]
* [[Murchadh Moireach]]
* [[Murchadh MacPharlain]]

=== N ===
* [[Niall Gòrdan]]
* [[Niall MacLeòid]]
* [[Niall Mòr MacMuireadhaigh]]
* [[Niall O'Gallagher]]
* [[Nighean Fhir na Rèilig]]

=== P ===
* [[Pàdraig Grannd]]

=== R ===
* [[Rob Donn MacAoidh]]
* [[Rody Gorman]]
* [[Ruairidh MacMhuirich &quot;An Clàrsair Dall&quot;]]
* [[Ruaraidh MacThòmais]]

=== S ===
* [[Seòras MacCoinnich]]
* [[Seumas MacThòmais]]
* [[Sìleas na Ceapaich]]
* [[Somhairle MacGill-Eain]]

=== T ===
* [[Tormod MacGill-Eain]]
* [[Tormod MacLeòid (Am Bàrd Bochd)]]

=== U ===
* [[Uilleam Dhòmhnaill 'ic Choinnich]]
* [[Uilleam MacDhunlèibhe]]
* [[Uilleam Nèill]]
* [[Uilleam Ros]]
[[Catagóir:Filí Albanacha]]</text>
      <sha1>abj7czr8g10n536u288i9zc83ix1q5y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>BBC Gaeilge</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>111609</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331972</id>
      <parentid>1240222</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:55:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cuid mhaith curtha leis agus roinnt athruithe</comment>
      <origin>1331972</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11368" sha1="7f6d806w3dmw1h98h98k9w5qcvsf6g7" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Is é '''BBC Gaeilge''' an eagraíocht taobh istigh de [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]] a chuireann cláracha raidió agus teilifíse ar fáil trí mheán na Gaeilge.

== Cláracha ==
Ar BBC Raidió Uladh tá clár raidió i nGaeilge, ''[[Blas (BBC)|Blas]]'', a chraoltar ón Luain go dtí an Déardaoin gach seachtain, ó 7.30 i.n. go 8.00 i.n. Bíonn ''Blas Ceoil'' á chraoladh gach Déardaoin ó 8.00 i.n. go 9.00 i.n.

Díríonn ''Blas'' ar scéalta atá i mbéal an phobail á bplé ag painéal na seachtaine. Léiríonn BBC Gaeilge an clár, le láithreoirí éagsúla gach seachtain. Is iad na príomhláithreoirí ná [[Fearghal Mag Uiginn]], [[Máire Bhreathnach]], [[Dáithí Ó Muirí]], agus [[Caoimhe ‘Chats’ Ní Chathail]]. Láithríonn [[Caoimhe ‘Ceol’ Ní Chathail]] an clár ''Blas Ceoil'' gach Déardaoin ó 8.00 i.n. go dtí 9.00 i.n.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Blas (Radio Ulster)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blas_(Radio_Ulster)&amp;oldid=1180395525|journal=Wikipedia|date=2023-10-16|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007cpvp|teideal=BBC Radio Ulster - Blas|language=ga|work=BBC|dátarochtana=2023-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann an t-aonad an clár ''Blas ón Taobhlíne'' ar fáil freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Ainmníodh ann clár ''Ceol Cois Cuain'' ar ghearrliosta do [[Gradaim Chumarsáide an Oireachtais|Ghradam Cumarsáide]] sa chatagóir &quot;Sraith Raidió na Bliana&quot; ag [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|Oireachtais]] 2026. Seán Óg Mac Corraidh agus Tuan Ó Ruanaidh a chuir i láthair agus Caoimhe ‘Ceol’ Ní Chathail a léirigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Is iomaí gradam atá buaite ag cláracha Gaeilge BBC Thuaisceart Éireann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Údar imní é an slad ar Aonad Gaeilge an BBC|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-imni-e-an-slad-ar-aonad-gaeilge-an-bbc/|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dáta=2026-10-21|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=[[Póilín Ní Chiaráin]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Stair ==
Ó thosaigh an BBC ag craoladh ó Bhéal Feirste sa bhliain 1924, ní raibh cláracha Gaeilge uathu ar feadh 57 bliana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Is mar thoradh ar &quot;feachtais láidre dhíograiseacha&quot; a ritheadh ar feadh na mblianta a tharla roinnt Gaeilge a bheith le cloisteáil ar [[BBC Raidió Uladh|Raidió Uladh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; sa bhliain 1981 nuair a chraol siad clár 20 bomaite.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Bhí an soláthar i nGaeilge in ainm is a bheith á mhéadú ó aimsir [[Comhaontú Aoine an Chéasta|Chomhaontú Aoine an Chéasta]]. De réir a chéile tháinig méadú ar líon na gclár go cúig uair an chloig sa tseachtain ach is mar sin a d'fhan sé ar feadh i bhfad. Dar le Ní Chiaráin, ní raibh &quot;rún ná mian&quot; ag BBC TÉ inchurtha lena ndéantar i dtaobh na [[An Bhreatnais|Breatnaise]] ná [[Gaeilge na hAlban|Ghaeilge na hAlban]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Sna 2020idí ===
Bhí ochtar fostaithe in Aonad Gaeilge an BBC ag a mhéid ach faoi 2026 ní raibh ann ach cúigear.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Ursula Savage]]|date=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2026/10/20/an-ghaeilge-faoin-tua-sa-bbc/|title=An Ghaeilge faoin tua sa BBC|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oibríonn siad i stiúideonna i n[[Doire]] agus i m[[Béal Feirste]] agus ar an láthair ag imeachtaí éagsúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Foireann beag ardchumais atá ina bhun dar leis an iriseoir Póilín Ní Chiaráin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Chuir an [[An Coimisinéir Gaeilge|Coimisinéir Gaeilge]] ó Thuaidh [[Pól Deeds]] aighneacht faoi bhráid choiste na meán ar [[Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann|Chnoc an Anfa]] i Meitheamh 2026, ina dúirt sé go raibh &quot;easpa leanúnach ábhar Gaeilge ar theilifís, raidió agus nuacht dhigiteach an BBC&quot;, rud a bhí ina &quot;húdar mór imní&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ba-choir-don-bbc-athbhreithniu-a-dheanamh-ar-chiorruithe-gaeilge-deeds/|teideal=Ba chóir don BBC athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar chiorruithe Gaeilge – Deeds|dáta=2026-10-21|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dar le huachtarán [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]] [[Ciarán Mac Giolla Bhéin]], tá an Ghaeilge &quot;in áit na leathphingine&quot; sa BBC agus níos lú cláracha á gcraoladh inti &quot;ná in aon teanga dhúchasach eile atá faoi chúram na heagraíochta.&quot; Ós rud é gur ceist fhorchoimeádta iad na meáin, tá dualgas ar rialtas na Breataine maidir le maoiniú an BBC ó Thuaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Údar ‘náire’ ciorruithe foirne an BBC, atá ‘ag éirí níos naimhdí’ i leith na Gaeilge|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-naire-ciorruithe-foirne-an-bbc-ata-ag-eiri-nios-naimhdi-i-leith-na-gaeilge/|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dáta=2026-10-20|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'fhág [[Karen Kirby]] a post mar Choimisinéir na gClár Teilifíse Gaeilge leis an BBC i Meán Fómhair 2026 tar éis 13 bliana sa phost agus 31 bliain san eagraíocht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

=== Ciorruithe 2026 ===
I mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 fógraíodh ciorruithe ar intinn ag lucht bainistíochta BBC Thuaisceart Éireann, mar chuid de chiorraithe sa BBC trí chéile, a d'fhágfadh nach mbeadh ach beirt fhostaithe lánaimseartha ag plé leis an nGaeilge feasta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/fearg-ar-phobal-na-gaeilge-faoi-chiorruithe-ar-aonad-na-gaeilge-de-chuid-an-bbc/a/163170796.html|teideal=Fearg ar phobal na Gaeilge faoi chiorruithe ar Aonad na Gaeilge de chuid an BBC|dáta=2026-10-16|work=[[Irish Independent]] / [[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=&quot;Éilímis go gcuireann an BBC deireadh leis an phlean acu&quot; – Somhairle Mag Uidhir|url=https://nos.ie/news/eilimis-go-gcuireann-an-bbc-deireadh-leis-an-phlean-acu-somhairle-mag-uidhir/|work=[[NÓS]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=Somhairle Mag Uidhir|dáta=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ciorruithe-an-bbc-agus-ronan-mac-aodha-bhui/|teideal=Ciorruithe an BBC agus Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí|údar=[[Cormac Ó hEadhra]]|dáta=2026-10-22|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Jack Mac Íomhair]]|date=23 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/10/athstruchturu-fogartha-ag-bbc-gaeilge-da-solathar-raidio/|title=Athstruchtúrú fógartha ag BBC Gaeilge dá soláthar raidió|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|pages=lch 3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Áine Ní Dhonnaile]]|date=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|title=Foras na Gaeilge ag dul i ngleic leis an BBC maidir le ciorruithe|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Tomaí Ó Conghaile]]|date=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2026/10/27/draiocht-an-oireachtais-agus-doicheall-an-bbc/|title=Draíocht an Oireachtais agus doicheall an BBC|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Caoimhín Ó Cadhla]]|title=Eagarfhocal|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|pages=lch 7|date=30 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://anpáipéar.ie/2026/10/eagarfhocal-99/|issue=104}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Roibeard Mac Maoláin|date=04 Samhain 2026|title=Gaeil ag diúltú ceadúnas an BBC a íoc mar gheall ar chiorruithe|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lgh 1 ⁊ 4|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/gaeil-ag-diultu-ceadunas-an-bbc-a-ioc-mar-gheall-ar-chiorruithe/a/164041581.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Faoin bplean, bheadh ceithre phost le gearradh, ceann amháin le cruthú, agus athrú le déanamh ar shainmhíniú phoist eile. Bheadh an t-ábhar a chraolfaí as Gaeilge le fáil ón earnáil príobháideach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Cháin [[Coimisinéir na Breatnaise]] Efa Gruffydd Jones agus an [[An Coimisinéir Gaeilge|Coimisinéir Gaeilge]] ó Thuaidh [[Pól Deeds]] na ciorraithe ar fhoirne na dteangacha céanna sa BBC.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Mhol Deeds gur cheart don BBC &quot;athbhreithniú&quot; a dhéanamh ar an gcinneadh, á rá freisin go raibh seirbhísí Gaeilge an BBC &quot;go fóill ar gcúl i gcomparáid le teangacha dúchasacha eile sa Ríocht Aontaithe&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Chuaigh [[Foras na Gaeilge]] i dteagmháil le foireann ardbhainistíochta BBC TÉ maidir leis an gceist. Léirigh an príomhfheidhmeannach Seán Ó Coinn &quot;iontas faoi mhéid na gciorruithe foirne atá molta&quot; agus dúirt go n-ardaíonn siad &quot;ceisteanna dáiríre faoi na spriocanna agus uaillmhian fhadtéarmach atá ag an BBC do phobal na Gaeilge ó thuaidh&quot;. Mhol an Foras don BBC in aighneacht scríofa go ndéanfaí &quot;ardú suntasach&quot; ar an caiteachas ar ábhar i nGaeilge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/buairt-leirithe-ag-foras-na-gaeilge-faoi-athruithe-an-bbc-ar-chlair-ghaeilge/|teideal=Buairt léirithe ag Foras na Gaeilge faoi athruithe an BBC ar Chláir Ghaeilge|údar=[[Foras na Gaeilge]]|dáta=21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;

Dar le [[Cormac Ó hEadhra]], cé go bhfágfadh an plean nach mbeadh bearna sa sceideal, go lagódh sé an tseirbhís poiblí: &quot;Lagóidh sé an nasc idir an pobal agus an craoltóir. Rud millteanach i gcomhthéacs phobal na Gaeilge.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Rinne tráchtairí áirithe suntas den chaoi a bhfuil na ciorruithe ag teacht díreach agus éileamh ar ábhar i nGaeilge ag fás.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Luaigh tráchtaire eile go laghdódh sé dlús an teanga laistigh den eagraíocht agus mhaígh nach raibh ann ach slí chun fáil réidh le hoibrithe níos fusa amach anseo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Chuir tráchtaire eile go raibh an BBC ag déanamh faillí ach go háirithe ar Phrotastúnaigh a bhí ag cur suime sa Ghaeilge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;

Spreag na ciorruithe feachtas agóidíochta ina gcoinne. Tuairiscíodh go mbeadh daoine ag cur a gceadúnas teilifíse ar ceal go poiblí, ag diúltú a íoc, agus ag seachaint craoltaí agus ardáin dhigiteacha an BBC go dtí go gcuirfí maoiniú agus soláthar foirne sásúil Gaeilge ar fáil.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|title=Gaeilgeoirí ag diúltú ceadúnas de chuid BBC a cheannach|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lch 1|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/gaeilgeoiri-ag-diultu-ceadunas-de-chuid-bbc-a-cheannach/a/163354216.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
== Féach freisin ==
* ''[[Blas (BBC)|Blas]]''
* [[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta|Raidió na Gaeltachta]]
* [[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]
* [[BBC Cymru Wales|BBC Cymru]]

== Nascanna amach ==
* [[Seachtain (podchraoladh)|Podchraoladh Seachtain]] (30/10/2026): [https://www.independent.ie/podcasts/nuacht-gaeilge-ar-an-bbc-in-albain-ach-ca-bhfuil-nuacht-gaeilge-an-bbc-sa-tuaisceart/a/151166007.html &quot;Nuacht Gaeilge ar an BBC in Albain – ach cá bhfuil nuacht Gaeilge an BBC sa Tuaisceart?&quot;]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Cultúr Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin teilifíse na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:BBC]]
[[Catagóir:BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]</text>
      <sha1>7f6d806w3dmw1h98h98k9w5qcvsf6g7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332012</id>
      <parentid>1331972</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:05:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332012</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11687" sha1="6bc5wpfedikmzvma3vlw9hzeh2vv4fd" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Is é '''BBC Gaeilge''' an eagraíocht taobh istigh de [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]] a chuireann cláracha raidió agus teilifíse ar fáil trí mheán na Gaeilge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=&quot;Éilímis go gcuireann an BBC deireadh leis an phlean acu&quot;|url=https://nos.ie/news/eilimis-go-gcuireann-an-bbc-deireadh-leis-an-phlean-acu-somhairle-mag-uidhir/|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|language=ga-IE|údar=Somhairle Mag Uidhir|dáta=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cláracha ==
Ar BBC Raidió Uladh tá clár raidió i nGaeilge, ''[[Blas (BBC)|Blas]]'', a chraoltar ón Luain go dtí an Déardaoin gach seachtain, ó 7.30 i.n. go 8.00 i.n. Bíonn ''Blas Ceoil'' á chraoladh gach Déardaoin ó 8.00 i.n. go 9.00 i.n.

Díríonn ''Blas'' ar scéalta atá i mbéal an phobail á bplé ag painéal na seachtaine. Léiríonn BBC Gaeilge an clár, le láithreoirí éagsúla gach seachtain. Is iad na príomhláithreoirí ná [[Fearghal Mag Uiginn]], [[Máire Bhreathnach]], [[Dáithí Ó Muirí]], agus [[Caoimhe ‘Chats’ Ní Chathail]]. Láithríonn [[Caoimhe ‘Ceol’ Ní Chathail]] an clár ''Blas Ceoil'' gach Déardaoin ó 8.00 i.n. go dtí 9.00 i.n.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Blas (Radio Ulster)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blas_(Radio_Ulster)&amp;oldid=1180395525|journal=Wikipedia|date=2023-10-16|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007cpvp|teideal=BBC Radio Ulster - Blas|language=ga|work=BBC|dátarochtana=2023-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann an t-aonad an clár ''Blas ón Taobhlíne'' ar fáil freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Ainmníodh ann clár ''Ceol Cois Cuain'' ar ghearrliosta do [[Gradaim Chumarsáide an Oireachtais|Ghradam Cumarsáide]] sa chatagóir &quot;Sraith Raidió na Bliana&quot; ag [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|Oireachtais]] 2026. Seán Óg Mac Corraidh agus Tuan Ó Ruanaidh a chuir i láthair agus Caoimhe ‘Ceol’ Ní Chathail a léirigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Is iomaí gradam atá buaite ag cláracha Gaeilge BBC Thuaisceart Éireann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Údar imní é an slad ar Aonad Gaeilge an BBC|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-imni-e-an-slad-ar-aonad-gaeilge-an-bbc/|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dáta=2026-10-21|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=[[Póilín Ní Chiaráin]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Stair ==
Ó thosaigh an BBC ag craoladh ó Bhéal Feirste sa bhliain 1924, ní raibh cláracha Gaeilge uathu ar feadh 57 bliana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Is mar thoradh ar &quot;feachtais láidre dhíograiseacha&quot; a ritheadh ar feadh na mblianta a tharla roinnt Gaeilge a bheith le cloisteáil ar [[BBC Raidió Uladh|Raidió Uladh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; sa bhliain 1981 nuair a chraol siad clár 20 bomaite.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Bhí an soláthar i nGaeilge in ainm is a bheith á mhéadú ó aimsir [[Comhaontú Aoine an Chéasta|Chomhaontú Aoine an Chéasta]]. De réir a chéile tháinig méadú ar líon na gclár go cúig uair an chloig sa tseachtain ach is mar sin a d'fhan sé ar feadh i bhfad. Dar le Ní Chiaráin, ní raibh &quot;rún ná mian&quot; ag BBC TÉ inchurtha lena ndéantar i dtaobh na [[An Bhreatnais|Breatnaise]] ná [[Gaeilge na hAlban|Ghaeilge na hAlban]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Sna 2020idí ===
Bhí ochtar fostaithe in Aonad Gaeilge an BBC ag a mhéid ach faoi 2026 ní raibh ann ach cúigear.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Ursula Savage]]|date=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2026/10/20/an-ghaeilge-faoin-tua-sa-bbc/|title=An Ghaeilge faoin tua sa BBC|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oibríonn siad i stiúideonna i n[[Doire]] agus i m[[Béal Feirste]] agus ar an láthair ag imeachtaí éagsúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Foireann beag ardchumais atá ina bhun dar leis an iriseoir Póilín Ní Chiaráin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Chuir an [[An Coimisinéir Gaeilge|Coimisinéir Gaeilge]] ó Thuaidh [[Pól Deeds]] aighneacht faoi bhráid choiste na meán ar [[Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann|Chnoc an Anfa]] i Meitheamh 2026, ina dúirt sé go raibh &quot;easpa leanúnach ábhar Gaeilge ar theilifís, raidió agus nuacht dhigiteach an BBC&quot;, rud a bhí ina &quot;húdar mór imní&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ba-choir-don-bbc-athbhreithniu-a-dheanamh-ar-chiorruithe-gaeilge-deeds/|teideal=Ba chóir don BBC athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar chiorruithe Gaeilge – Deeds|dáta=2026-10-21|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dar le huachtarán [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]] [[Ciarán Mac Giolla Bhéin]], tá an Ghaeilge &quot;in áit na leathphingine&quot; sa BBC agus níos lú cláracha á gcraoladh inti &quot;ná in aon teanga dhúchasach eile atá faoi chúram na heagraíochta.&quot; Ós rud é gur ceist fhorchoimeádta iad na meáin, tá dualgas ar rialtas na Breataine maidir le maoiniú an BBC ó Thuaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Údar ‘náire’ ciorruithe foirne an BBC, atá ‘ag éirí níos naimhdí’ i leith na Gaeilge|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-naire-ciorruithe-foirne-an-bbc-ata-ag-eiri-nios-naimhdi-i-leith-na-gaeilge/|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dáta=2026-10-20|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'fhág [[Karen Kirby]] a post mar Choimisinéir na gClár Teilifíse Gaeilge leis an BBC i Meán Fómhair 2026 tar éis 13 bliana sa phost agus 31 bliain san eagraíocht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

=== Ciorruithe 2026 ===
I mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 fógraíodh ciorruithe ar intinn ag lucht bainistíochta BBC Thuaisceart Éireann, mar chuid de chiorraithe sa BBC trí chéile, a d'fhágfadh nach mbeadh ach beirt fhostaithe lánaimseartha ag plé leis an nGaeilge feasta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/fearg-ar-phobal-na-gaeilge-faoi-chiorruithe-ar-aonad-na-gaeilge-de-chuid-an-bbc/a/163170796.html|teideal=Fearg ar phobal na Gaeilge faoi chiorruithe ar Aonad na Gaeilge de chuid an BBC|dáta=2026-10-16|work=[[Irish Independent]] / [[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ciorruithe-an-bbc-agus-ronan-mac-aodha-bhui/|teideal=Ciorruithe an BBC agus Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí|údar=[[Cormac Ó hEadhra]]|dáta=2026-10-22|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Jack Mac Íomhair]]|date=23 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/10/athstruchturu-fogartha-ag-bbc-gaeilge-da-solathar-raidio/|title=Athstruchtúrú fógartha ag BBC Gaeilge dá soláthar raidió|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|pages=lch 3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Áine Ní Dhonnaile]]|date=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|title=Foras na Gaeilge ag dul i ngleic leis an BBC maidir le ciorruithe|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Tomaí Ó Conghaile]]|date=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2026/10/27/draiocht-an-oireachtais-agus-doicheall-an-bbc/|title=Draíocht an Oireachtais agus doicheall an BBC|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Caoimhín Ó Cadhla]]|title=Eagarfhocal|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|pages=lch 7|date=30 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://anpáipéar.ie/2026/10/eagarfhocal-99/|issue=104}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Roibeard Mac Maoláin|date=04 Samhain 2026|title=Gaeil ag diúltú ceadúnas an BBC a íoc mar gheall ar chiorruithe|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lgh 1 ⁊ 4|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/gaeil-ag-diultu-ceadunas-an-bbc-a-ioc-mar-gheall-ar-chiorruithe/a/164041581.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;

Faoin bplean, bheadh ceithre phost le gearradh, ceann amháin le cruthú, agus athrú le déanamh ar shainmhíniú phoist eile. Bheadh an t-ábhar a chraolfaí as Gaeilge le fáil ón earnáil príobháideach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Cháin [[Coimisinéir na Breatnaise]] Efa Gruffydd Jones agus an [[An Coimisinéir Gaeilge|Coimisinéir Gaeilge]] ó Thuaidh [[Pól Deeds]] na ciorraithe ar fhoirne na dteangacha céanna sa BBC.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Mhol Deeds gur cheart don BBC &quot;athbhreithniú&quot; a dhéanamh ar an gcinneadh, á rá freisin go raibh seirbhísí Gaeilge an BBC &quot;go fóill ar gcúl i gcomparáid le teangacha dúchasacha eile sa Ríocht Aontaithe&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Chuaigh [[Foras na Gaeilge]] i dteagmháil le foireann ardbhainistíochta BBC TÉ maidir leis an gceist. Léirigh an príomhfheidhmeannach Seán Ó Coinn &quot;iontas faoi mhéid na gciorruithe foirne atá molta&quot; agus dúirt go n-ardaíonn siad &quot;ceisteanna dáiríre faoi na spriocanna agus uaillmhian fhadtéarmach atá ag an BBC do phobal na Gaeilge ó thuaidh&quot;. Mhol an Foras don BBC in aighneacht scríofa go ndéanfaí &quot;ardú suntasach&quot; ar an caiteachas ar ábhar i nGaeilge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/buairt-leirithe-ag-foras-na-gaeilge-faoi-athruithe-an-bbc-ar-chlair-ghaeilge/|teideal=Buairt léirithe ag Foras na Gaeilge faoi athruithe an BBC ar Chláir Ghaeilge|údar=[[Foras na Gaeilge]]|dáta=21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;

Dar le [[Cormac Ó hEadhra]], cé go bhfágfadh an plean nach mbeadh bearna sa sceideal, go lagódh sé an tseirbhís poiblí: &quot;Lagóidh sé an nasc idir an pobal agus an craoltóir. Rud millteanach i gcomhthéacs phobal na Gaeilge.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Rinne tráchtairí áirithe suntas den chaoi a bhfuil na ciorruithe ag teacht díreach agus éileamh ar ábhar i nGaeilge ag fás.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=&quot;Éilímis go gcuireann an BBC deireadh leis an phlean acu&quot; – Somhairle Mag Uidhir|url=https://nos.ie/news/eilimis-go-gcuireann-an-bbc-deireadh-leis-an-phlean-acu-somhairle-mag-uidhir/|work=[[NÓS]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=Somhairle Mag Uidhir|dáta=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Luaigh tráchtaire eile go laghdódh sé dlús an teanga laistigh den eagraíocht agus mhaígh nach raibh ann ach slí chun fáil réidh le hoibrithe níos fusa amach anseo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; Chuir tráchtaire eile go raibh an BBC ag déanamh faillí ach go háirithe ar Phrotastúnaigh a bhí ag cur suime sa Ghaeilge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;

Spreag na ciorruithe feachtas agóidíochta ina gcoinne. Tuairiscíodh go mbeadh daoine ag cur a gceadúnas teilifíse ar ceal go poiblí, ag diúltú a íoc, agus ag seachaint craoltaí agus ardáin dhigiteacha an BBC go dtí go gcuirfí maoiniú agus soláthar foirne sásúil Gaeilge ar fáil.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|title=Gaeilgeoirí ag diúltú ceadúnas de chuid BBC a cheannach|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lch 1|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/gaeilgeoiri-ag-diultu-ceadunas-de-chuid-bbc-a-cheannach/a/163354216.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
== Féach freisin ==
* ''[[Blas (BBC)|Blas]]''
* [[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta|Raidió na Gaeltachta]]
* [[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]
* [[BBC Cymru Wales|BBC Cymru]]

== Nascanna amach ==
* [[Seachtain (podchraoladh)|Podchraoladh Seachtain]] (30/10/2026): [https://www.independent.ie/podcasts/nuacht-gaeilge-ar-an-bbc-in-albain-ach-ca-bhfuil-nuacht-gaeilge-an-bbc-sa-tuaisceart/a/151166007.html &quot;Nuacht Gaeilge ar an BBC in Albain – ach cá bhfuil nuacht Gaeilge an BBC sa Tuaisceart?&quot;]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Cultúr Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin teilifíse na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:BBC]]
[[Catagóir:BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]</text>
      <sha1>6bc5wpfedikmzvma3vlw9hzeh2vv4fd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332016</id>
      <parentid>1332012</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:17:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332016</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11797" sha1="b19iq08lf24fq9bq9vr1atqnm0k2pvo" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Is é '''BBC Gaeilge''' an eagraíocht taobh istigh de [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]] a chuireann cláracha raidió agus teilifíse ar fáil trí mheán na Gaeilge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=&quot;Éilímis go gcuireann an BBC deireadh leis an phlean acu&quot;|url=https://nos.ie/news/eilimis-go-gcuireann-an-bbc-deireadh-leis-an-phlean-acu-somhairle-mag-uidhir/|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|language=ga-IE|údar=Somhairle Mag Uidhir|dáta=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Íomhá:BBC Northern Ireland.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|BBC Northern Ireland, Ascaill Ormeau, Béal Feirste]]

== Cláracha ==
Ar BBC Raidió Uladh tá clár raidió i nGaeilge, ''[[Blas (BBC)|Blas]]'', a chraoltar ón Luain go dtí an Déardaoin gach seachtain, ó 7.30 i.n. go 8.00 i.n. Bíonn ''Blas Ceoil'' á chraoladh gach Déardaoin ó 8.00 i.n. go 9.00 i.n.

Díríonn ''Blas'' ar scéalta atá i mbéal an phobail á bplé ag painéal na seachtaine. Léiríonn BBC Gaeilge an clár, le láithreoirí éagsúla gach seachtain. Is iad na príomhláithreoirí ná [[Fearghal Mag Uiginn]], [[Máire Bhreathnach]], [[Dáithí Ó Muirí]], agus [[Caoimhe ‘Chats’ Ní Chathail]]. Láithríonn [[Caoimhe ‘Ceol’ Ní Chathail]] an clár ''Blas Ceoil'' gach Déardaoin ó 8.00 i.n. go dtí 9.00 i.n.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Blas (Radio Ulster)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blas_(Radio_Ulster)&amp;oldid=1180395525|journal=Wikipedia|date=2023-10-16|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007cpvp|teideal=BBC Radio Ulster - Blas|language=ga|work=BBC|dátarochtana=2023-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann an t-aonad an clár ''Blas ón Taobhlíne'' ar fáil freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Ainmníodh ann clár ''Ceol Cois Cuain'' ar ghearrliosta do [[Gradaim Chumarsáide an Oireachtais|Ghradam Cumarsáide]] sa chatagóir &quot;Sraith Raidió na Bliana&quot; ag [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|Oireachtais]] 2026. Seán Óg Mac Corraidh agus Tuan Ó Ruanaidh a chuir i láthair agus Caoimhe ‘Ceol’ Ní Chathail a léirigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Is iomaí gradam atá buaite ag cláracha Gaeilge BBC Thuaisceart Éireann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Údar imní é an slad ar Aonad Gaeilge an BBC|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-imni-e-an-slad-ar-aonad-gaeilge-an-bbc/|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dáta=2026-10-21|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=[[Póilín Ní Chiaráin]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Stair ==
Ó thosaigh an BBC ag craoladh ó Bhéal Feirste sa bhliain 1924, ní raibh cláracha Gaeilge uathu ar feadh 57 bliana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Is mar thoradh ar &quot;feachtais láidre dhíograiseacha&quot; a ritheadh ar feadh na mblianta a tharla roinnt Gaeilge a bheith le cloisteáil ar [[BBC Raidió Uladh|Raidió Uladh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; sa bhliain 1981 nuair a chraol siad clár 20 bomaite.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Bhí an soláthar i nGaeilge in ainm is a bheith á mhéadú ó aimsir [[Comhaontú Aoine an Chéasta|Chomhaontú Aoine an Chéasta]]. De réir a chéile tháinig méadú ar líon na gclár go cúig uair an chloig sa tseachtain ach is mar sin a d'fhan sé ar feadh i bhfad. Dar le Ní Chiaráin, ní raibh &quot;rún ná mian&quot; ag BBC TÉ inchurtha lena ndéantar i dtaobh na [[An Bhreatnais|Breatnaise]] ná [[Gaeilge na hAlban|Ghaeilge na hAlban]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Sna 2020idí ===
Bhí ochtar fostaithe in Aonad Gaeilge an BBC ag a mhéid ach faoi 2026 ní raibh ann ach cúigear.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Ursula Savage]]|date=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2026/10/20/an-ghaeilge-faoin-tua-sa-bbc/|title=An Ghaeilge faoin tua sa BBC|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oibríonn siad i stiúideonna i n[[Doire]] agus i m[[Béal Feirste]] agus ar an láthair ag imeachtaí éagsúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Foireann beag ardchumais atá ina bhun dar leis an iriseoir Póilín Ní Chiaráin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Chuir an [[An Coimisinéir Gaeilge|Coimisinéir Gaeilge]] ó Thuaidh [[Pól Deeds]] aighneacht faoi bhráid choiste na meán ar [[Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann|Chnoc an Anfa]] i Meitheamh 2026, ina dúirt sé go raibh &quot;easpa leanúnach ábhar Gaeilge ar theilifís, raidió agus nuacht dhigiteach an BBC&quot;, rud a bhí ina &quot;húdar mór imní&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ba-choir-don-bbc-athbhreithniu-a-dheanamh-ar-chiorruithe-gaeilge-deeds/|teideal=Ba chóir don BBC athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar chiorruithe Gaeilge – Deeds|dáta=2026-10-21|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dar le huachtarán [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]] [[Ciarán Mac Giolla Bhéin]], tá an Ghaeilge &quot;in áit na leathphingine&quot; sa BBC agus níos lú cláracha á gcraoladh inti &quot;ná in aon teanga dhúchasach eile atá faoi chúram na heagraíochta.&quot; Ós rud é gur ceist fhorchoimeádta iad na meáin, tá dualgas ar rialtas na Breataine maidir le maoiniú an BBC ó Thuaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Údar ‘náire’ ciorruithe foirne an BBC, atá ‘ag éirí níos naimhdí’ i leith na Gaeilge|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-naire-ciorruithe-foirne-an-bbc-ata-ag-eiri-nios-naimhdi-i-leith-na-gaeilge/|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dáta=2026-10-20|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'fhág [[Karen Kirby]] a post mar Choimisinéir na gClár Teilifíse Gaeilge leis an BBC i Meán Fómhair 2026 tar éis 13 bliana sa phost agus 31 bliain san eagraíocht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

=== Ciorruithe 2026 ===
I mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026 fógraíodh ciorruithe ar intinn ag lucht bainistíochta BBC Thuaisceart Éireann, mar chuid de chiorraithe sa BBC trí chéile, a d'fhágfadh nach mbeadh ach beirt fhostaithe lánaimseartha ag plé leis an nGaeilge feasta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/fearg-ar-phobal-na-gaeilge-faoi-chiorruithe-ar-aonad-na-gaeilge-de-chuid-an-bbc/a/163170796.html|teideal=Fearg ar phobal na Gaeilge faoi chiorruithe ar Aonad na Gaeilge de chuid an BBC|dáta=2026-10-16|work=[[Irish Independent]] / [[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ciorruithe-an-bbc-agus-ronan-mac-aodha-bhui/|teideal=Ciorruithe an BBC agus Rónán Mac Aodha Bhuí|údar=[[Cormac Ó hEadhra]]|dáta=2026-10-22|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Jack Mac Íomhair]]|date=23 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/10/athstruchturu-fogartha-ag-bbc-gaeilge-da-solathar-raidio/|title=Athstruchtúrú fógartha ag BBC Gaeilge dá soláthar raidió|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|pages=lch 3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Áine Ní Dhonnaile]]|date=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|title=Foras na Gaeilge ag dul i ngleic leis an BBC maidir le ciorruithe|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Tomaí Ó Conghaile]]|date=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2026/10/27/draiocht-an-oireachtais-agus-doicheall-an-bbc/|title=Draíocht an Oireachtais agus doicheall an BBC|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Caoimhín Ó Cadhla]]|title=Eagarfhocal|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|pages=lch 7|date=30 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://anpáipéar.ie/2026/10/eagarfhocal-99/|issue=104}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Roibeard Mac Maoláin|date=04 Samhain 2026|title=Gaeil ag diúltú ceadúnas an BBC a íoc mar gheall ar chiorruithe|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lgh 1 ⁊ 4|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/gaeil-ag-diultu-ceadunas-an-bbc-a-ioc-mar-gheall-ar-chiorruithe/a/164041581.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;

Faoin bplean, bheadh ceithre phost le gearradh, ceann amháin le cruthú, agus athrú le déanamh ar shainmhíniú phoist eile. Bheadh an t-ábhar a chraolfaí as Gaeilge le fáil ón earnáil príobháideach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Cháin [[Coimisinéir na Breatnaise]] Efa Gruffydd Jones agus an [[An Coimisinéir Gaeilge|Coimisinéir Gaeilge]] ó Thuaidh [[Pól Deeds]] na ciorraithe ar fhoirne na dteangacha céanna sa BBC.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Mhol Deeds gur cheart don BBC &quot;athbhreithniú&quot; a dhéanamh ar an gcinneadh, á rá freisin go raibh seirbhísí Gaeilge an BBC &quot;go fóill ar gcúl i gcomparáid le teangacha dúchasacha eile sa Ríocht Aontaithe&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Chuaigh [[Foras na Gaeilge]] i dteagmháil le foireann ardbhainistíochta BBC TÉ maidir leis an gceist. Léirigh an príomhfheidhmeannach Seán Ó Coinn &quot;iontas faoi mhéid na gciorruithe foirne atá molta&quot; agus dúirt go n-ardaíonn siad &quot;ceisteanna dáiríre faoi na spriocanna agus uaillmhian fhadtéarmach atá ag an BBC do phobal na Gaeilge ó thuaidh&quot;. Mhol an Foras don BBC in aighneacht scríofa go ndéanfaí &quot;ardú suntasach&quot; ar an caiteachas ar ábhar i nGaeilge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/buairt-leirithe-ag-foras-na-gaeilge-faoi-athruithe-an-bbc-ar-chlair-ghaeilge/|teideal=Buairt léirithe ag Foras na Gaeilge faoi athruithe an BBC ar Chláir Ghaeilge|údar=[[Foras na Gaeilge]]|dáta=21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;

Dar le [[Cormac Ó hEadhra]], cé go bhfágfadh an plean nach mbeadh bearna sa sceideal, go lagódh sé an tseirbhís poiblí: &quot;Lagóidh sé an nasc idir an pobal agus an craoltóir. Rud millteanach i gcomhthéacs phobal na Gaeilge.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Rinne tráchtairí áirithe suntas den chaoi a bhfuil na ciorruithe ag teacht díreach agus éileamh ar ábhar i nGaeilge ag fás.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=&quot;Éilímis go gcuireann an BBC deireadh leis an phlean acu&quot; – Somhairle Mag Uidhir|url=https://nos.ie/news/eilimis-go-gcuireann-an-bbc-deireadh-leis-an-phlean-acu-somhairle-mag-uidhir/|work=[[NÓS]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=Somhairle Mag Uidhir|dáta=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Luaigh tráchtaire eile go laghdódh sé dlús an teanga laistigh den eagraíocht agus mhaígh nach raibh ann ach slí chun fáil réidh le hoibrithe níos fusa amach anseo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; Chuir tráchtaire eile go raibh an BBC ag déanamh faillí ach go háirithe ar Phrotastúnaigh a bhí ag cur suime sa Ghaeilge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;

Spreag na ciorruithe feachtas agóidíochta ina gcoinne. Tuairiscíodh go mbeadh daoine ag cur a gceadúnas teilifíse ar ceal go poiblí, ag diúltú a íoc, agus ag seachaint craoltaí agus ardáin dhigiteacha an BBC go dtí go gcuirfí maoiniú agus soláthar foirne sásúil Gaeilge ar fáil.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=21 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|title=Gaeilgeoirí ag diúltú ceadúnas de chuid BBC a cheannach|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lch 1|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/gaeilgeoiri-ag-diultu-ceadunas-de-chuid-bbc-a-cheannach/a/163354216.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
== Féach freisin ==
* ''[[Blas (BBC)|Blas]]''
* [[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta|Raidió na Gaeltachta]]
* [[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]
* [[BBC Cymru Wales|BBC Cymru]]

== Nascanna amach ==
* [[Seachtain (podchraoladh)|Podchraoladh Seachtain]] (30/10/2026): [https://www.independent.ie/podcasts/nuacht-gaeilge-ar-an-bbc-in-albain-ach-ca-bhfuil-nuacht-gaeilge-an-bbc-sa-tuaisceart/a/151166007.html &quot;Nuacht Gaeilge ar an BBC in Albain – ach cá bhfuil nuacht Gaeilge an BBC sa Tuaisceart?&quot;]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Cultúr Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Stáisiúin teilifíse na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:BBC]]
[[Catagóir:BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]</text>
      <sha1>b19iq08lf24fq9bq9vr1atqnm0k2pvo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Blas (BBC)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>111669</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331976</id>
      <parentid>1317815</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:57:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cuid mhaith curtha leis agus roinnt athruithe</comment>
      <origin>1331976</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4031" sha1="n6ttnur0xwike73bj842b4v4ey21qxv" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Is clár irise Gaeilge é '''''Blas''''', a chraoltar ó Luan go Déardaoin ar [[BBC Raidió Uladh]], ó 7:30 i.n. go 8.00 i.n. Craoltar ''“Blas Ceol”'' oíche Déardaoin ó 8.00 i.n. go 9.00 i.n.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007cpvp&lt;/ref&gt; Thosaigh an clár in 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2018/blas|dáta=2018-09-05|dátarochtana=2024-02-13|teideal=New voice and new media help celebrate 20 years of BBC Gaeilge show, Blas}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Ursula Savage]]|date=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2026/10/20/an-ghaeilge-faoin-tua-sa-bbc/|title=An Ghaeilge faoin tua sa BBC|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Díríonn ''Blas'' ar nuacht agus ar scéalta a bhfuil spéis ag pobal na Gaeilge iontu: spórt, ealaíon, litríocht, polaitíocht, agus cúrsaí reatha san áireamh. Díríonn an clár go príomha ar nuacht agus scéalta ó [[Tuaisceart Éireann|Thuaisceart Éireann]], ach clúdaíonn sé scéalta ó [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Phoblacht na hÉireann]], agus ó [[Gàidhealtachd na h-Alba|Ghaeltacht na hAlban]] freisin.

Léiríonn [[BBC Thuaisceart Éireann|BBC Gaeilge]] an clár, agus is iad [[Fearghal Mag Uiginn]], [[Máire Bhreathnach]], agus [[Caoimhe ‘Chats’ Ní Chathail]] na príomhláithreoirí. Cuireann [[Caoimhe ‘Ceol’ Ní Chathail]] ''Blas Ceoil'' i láthair ar an Déardaoin, clár a chlúdaíonn ceol traidisiúnta agus ceol tíre. Cuireann [[Brian Mullen]], duine de láithreoirí ''Blas'' ón tús, an seó Caschlár i láthair oícheanta Domhnaigh.

Tá duaiseanna idirnáisiúnta bainte amach ag ''Blas''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Stair ==
Tháinig ''Blas'' ar an aer den chéad uair ar an 7 Meán Fómhair 1998, i ngeall ar stocaireacht ó phobal na Gaeilge ó Thuaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/fearg-ar-phobal-na-gaeilge-faoi-chiorruithe-ar-aonad-na-gaeilge-de-chuid-an-bbc/a/163170796.html|teideal=Fearg ar phobal na Gaeilge faoi chiorruithe ar Aonad na Gaeilge de chuid an BBC|dáta=2026-10-16|work=[[Irish Independent]] / [[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Tomaí Ó Conghaile]]|date=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2026/10/27/draiocht-an-oireachtais-agus-doicheall-an-bbc/|title=Draíocht an Oireachtais agus doicheall an BBC|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bíonn ''Blas'' ag craoladh beo ón [[Oireachtas na Samhna|Oireachtas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

D'fhág Dáithí Ó Muirí an clár sa bhliain 2026 tar éis 13 bliana ag obair air.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nuair a fógraíodh ciorruithe don eagraíocht sa bhliain 2026, léiríodh imní faoi thodhchaí an chláir.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Údar ‘náire’ ciorruithe foirne an BBC, atá ‘ag éirí níos naimhdí’ i leith na Gaeilge|url=https://tuairisc.ie/udar-naire-ciorruithe-foirne-an-bbc-ata-ag-eiri-nios-naimhdi-i-leith-na-gaeilge/|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dáta=2026-10-20|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/news/eilimis-go-gcuireann-an-bbc-deireadh-leis-an-phlean-acu-somhairle-mag-uidhir/|teideal=&quot;Éilímis go gcuireann an BBC deireadh leis an phlean acu&quot; – Somhairle Mag Uidhir|údar=Somhairle Mag Uidhir|dáta=20 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|work=[[NÓS]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Learn Cornish (podchraoladh)]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Blas, BBC}}
[[Catagóir:BBC Thuaisceart Éireann]]
[[Catagóir:Podchraoltaí chúrsaí reatha]]
[[Catagóir:Podchraoltaí i nGaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Podchraoltaí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Soláthraithe nuachta i nGaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Soláthraithe Éireannacha nuachta]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir raidió]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 1998]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 1990í]]</text>
      <sha1>n6ttnur0xwike73bj842b4v4ey21qxv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Conflenti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>112429</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332092</id>
      <parentid>1208310</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:45:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332092</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="716" sha1="rt6uxdfmm5bv8p22emw2ov4jp582pun" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}
Is baile i réigiún [[Calabria]] san [[An Iodáil|Iodáil]] é '''Conflenti''' ([[Calábrais]]: ''Cujjìanti'')&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dizionario Di Toponomastica: Storia E Significato Dei Nomi Geografici Italiani|url=http://archive.org/details/dizionarioditopo00unse|publisher=Garzanti|date=1990|coauthors=Internet Archive|language=an Iodáilis}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bhí {{formatnum:{{#invoke:wd|property|references|P1082}}}} duine ina gcónaí ann ar an {{#invoke:wd|qualifier|normal+|single|P1082|P585}}. 

==Tagairtí==
{{Reflist}}

{{Teimpléad:Bardais Chúige Catanzaro}}
{{Síol-tír-it}}

[[Catagóir:Cathracha na hIodáile]]
[[Catagóir:Bardais Chúige Catanzaro]]</text>
      <sha1>rt6uxdfmm5bv8p22emw2ov4jp582pun</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Seitheadóirí</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>119034</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332060</id>
      <parentid>1265016</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:04:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332060</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="95" sha1="8vro5tyrzstrfmyiyctx417c56hvf8v" xml:space="preserve">[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine de réir gairme]]
[[Catagóir:Seitheadóireacht]]</text>
      <sha1>8vro5tyrzstrfmyiyctx417c56hvf8v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>120000</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331955</id>
      <parentid>1331926</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:20:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1331955</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41112" sha1="4hm8nv3oy4lrh1hcl2nv5bzlho2hnaq" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

== Ceanntásc ==

••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir

* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming 
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy


* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]

* [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]]
** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]]
*** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]


{| class= wikitable 
|+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s)

! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht
|-
| Grian
| [[Grianfhuinneamh]]
| [[Grianchumhacht]]
|-
| Gaoth
| [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]
| [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
|-
| Uisce
| [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]]
| [[Hidrileictreachas]]
|-
| Geo
| [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]]
| [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]
|-
| Bith
| [[Bithbhreosla]]
| [[]]
|-
| Tonn
| [[Fuinneamh toinne]]
| [[Cumhacht toinne]]
|}

== Ábhair ==
=== Cúiseanna ===
* [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]]
# [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]]
#* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]]
# ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]]
# Climate action
# Climate change denial


* [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]]

=== Aontas Eorpach ===
* [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], &lt;s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=&lt;/s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]

=== Náisiúin Aontaithe ===
* [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]]
* [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]]
* [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]]

=== Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar ===
* [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]]
# ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]]
#* [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]]
# ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]]
# ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]]
#* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]]
# ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]]
#* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]
# ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]]
# ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]]

== ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' ==
&lt;ref name=iate /&gt;


== Role of climate change conferences 
'' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources.

'' The UN Climate Change Conferences&lt;ref name=uncc /&gt; serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts.

== Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! Bliain
! Ainm
! Tír, cathair óstach 
! Uachtarán
! Tír uachtaránachta
! Grúpa réigiúnach
|-
| 1995
| [[#1995|COP&amp;nbsp;1]]
| [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin
| [[Angela Merkel]]
| {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}}
| [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]]
|-
|1996
|[[#1996|COP&amp;nbsp;2]]
|[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis
|[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|[[Grúpa na hAfraice]]
|-
|1997
|[[#1997|COP&amp;nbsp;3]]
|[[Kyoto]], Japan
|[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|-
|1998
|[[#1998|COP&amp;nbsp;4]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[María Julia Alsogaray]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|1999
|[[#1999|COP&amp;nbsp;5]]
|[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin
|[[Jan Szyszko]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2000
|[[#2000|COP&amp;nbsp;6]]
|[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír
|[[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2001
|[[#2001|COP&amp;nbsp;6-2]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
| [[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]] 
|-
|2001
|[[#COP&amp;nbsp;7|COP&amp;nbsp;7]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2002
|[[#2002|COP&amp;nbsp;8]]
|[[New Delhi]], India
|[[T. R. Baalu]]
|{{flag|India}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2003
|[[#2003|COP&amp;nbsp;9]]
|[[Milan]], Italy
|[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2004
|[[#2004|COP&amp;nbsp;10]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[Ginés González García]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2005
|[[#2005|COP&amp;nbsp;11]]
|[[Montréal]], Canada
|[[Stéphane Dion]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2006
|[[#2006|COP&amp;nbsp;12]]
|[[Nairobi]], Kenya
|[[Kivutha Kibwana]]
|{{flag|Kenya}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2007
|[[#2007|COP&amp;nbsp;13]]
|[[Bali]], Indonesia
|[[Rachmat Witoelar]]
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2008
|[[#2008|COP&amp;nbsp;14]]
|[[Poznań]], Poland
|[[Maciej Nowicki]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2009
|[[#2009|COP&amp;nbsp;15]]
|[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark
|[[Connie Hedegaard]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2010
|[[#2010|COP&amp;nbsp;16]]
|[[Cancún]], Mexico
|[[Patricia Espinosa]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2011
|[[#2011|COP&amp;nbsp;17]]
|[[Durban]], South Africa
|[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2012
|[[#2012|COP&amp;nbsp;18]]
|[[Doha]], Qatar
|[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2013
|[[#2013|COP&amp;nbsp;19]]
|[[Warsaw]], Poland
|[[Marcin Korolec]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2014
|[[#2014|COP&amp;nbsp;20]]
|[[Líoma]], Peru
|[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2015
|[[#2015|COP&amp;nbsp;21]]
|[[Páras]], France
|[[Laurent Fabius]]
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2016
|[[#2016|COP&amp;nbsp;22]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Salaheddine Mezouar]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2017
|[[#2017|COP&amp;nbsp;23]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]&lt;ref name=unfccc2017 /&gt;
|{{flag|Fiji}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2018
|[[#2018|COP&amp;nbsp;24]]
|[[Katowice]], Poland
|[[Michał Kurtyka]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2019
|[[#2019|COP&amp;nbsp;25]]
|[[Maidrid]], Spain
|[[Carolina Schmidt]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|&lt;s&gt;2020&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;COP 26&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Glasgow, United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|Postponed due to COVID
|&lt;s&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Western Europe and Other Group&lt;/s&gt; 
|-
| 2021
|[[#2021|COP&amp;nbsp;26]]
|[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom
|[[Alok Sharma]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2022
|[[#2022|COP&amp;nbsp;27]]
|[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt
|[[Sameh Shoukry]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2023
|[[#2023|COP&amp;nbsp;28]]
|[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
|[[Sultan Al Jaber]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
| 2024
|[[#2024|COP&amp;nbsp;29]]
|[[Baku]], Azerbaijan
|[[Mukhtar Babayev]],
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
| 2025
|[[#2025|COP&amp;nbsp;30]]
|[[Belém]], Brazil
| [[André Corrêa do Lago]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
| 2026
|[[#2026|COP&amp;nbsp;31]]
|[[Antalya]], Turkey
|[[Murat Kurum]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2027
|[[#2027|COP&amp;nbsp;32]]
|[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
|[[Gedion Timothewos]]
&lt;ref name=ethiopia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2028
| [[#2028|COP&amp;nbsp;33]]
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|}


&lt;ref name=iate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=uncc&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=unfccc2017&gt;{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

== Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}


'' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].&lt;ref name=UIA /&gt;  The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=Latvia /&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=:4 /&gt;

== Structure 
The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.&lt;ref name=:6 /&gt;

== Ballraíocht 
The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot;/&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Ballstáit 
Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.95em;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:115px;&quot; | Tír
! Ballraíocht
! Nótaí
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Australia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1979&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Austria}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974
&lt;ref name=:5&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Belgium}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Canada}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5 February 2001&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Denmark}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Estonia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9 May 2014
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Finland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|France}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Germany}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Greece}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1976&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Hungary}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3 June 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Ireland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Italy}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Japan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Latvia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Lithuania}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2022
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Mexico}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2018
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Netherlands}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|New Zealand}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1977&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Norway}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member (under a special Agreement)&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Portugal}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1981&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Poland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |25 September 2008
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Slovakia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30 November 2007
&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|South Korea|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |20 April 2001
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris | archive-date=25 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Spain|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Sweden|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Switzerland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Turkey|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom|}}}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|United States|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Tíortha aontachais 
'' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat.
&lt;ref name=Scott1994&gt;{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 | access-date=3 Lúnasa 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:&lt;ref name=AccessionAssociate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries &amp; Regions | foilsitheoir = International Energy Agency | dátarochtana = 2026-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* {{Flag|Colombia}}
* {{Flag|Brazil}}
&lt;ref name=mre2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal = Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Chile|}}
* {{Flag|Costa Rica|}}
* {{Flag|Israel|}}
* {{Flag|Romania|an Rómáin}}

=== Association countries 
'' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot; /&gt; country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings.
&lt;ref name=iea2016&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
India officially declared its &quot;Association&quot; status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017.
&lt;ref name=iea2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,&lt;ref name=:2 /&gt;
&lt;ref name=thecanadian&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022.
&lt;ref name=aljazeera&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country.
&lt;ref name=brasilenergia&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-07-30 | teideal = Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' As of Deireadh Fómhair 2026, the IEA has 14 association countries:&lt;ref name=&quot;AccessionAssociate&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flag|Argentina|}}
* {{Flag|China|ag tSín}}
* {{Flag|Egypt|}}
* {{Flag|India|an Ind}}
* {{Flag|Indonesia|}}
* {{Flag|Kenya|}}
* {{Flag|Morocco|}}
* {{Flag|Nigeria|}}
* {{Flag|Senegal|}}
* {{Flag|Singapore|}}
* {{Flag|South Africa|an Afraic Theas}}
* {{Flag|Thailand|}}
* {{Flag|Ukraine|an Úcráin}}
* {{Flag|Vietnam|}}

== Areas of work 
'' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries.

=== Dáta 
=== Scenarios 
IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes:

* Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
&lt;ref name=ieaaps&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga =en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Net Zero Scenario (NZE)
&lt;ref name=ieanze&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=28 August 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:8 /&gt;

=== Key publications 
[[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf | mion | Tuairisc 2022 ar [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]]

* '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO)
* '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector'''
* '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) 
* '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO)
* '''Oil Market Report'''
* '''Electricity Market Report'''
* '''Gas Market Report'''
* '''Energy Efficiency'''
* '''Renewable Energy Market Update'''
* '''World Energy Investment'''
* '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress'''
* '''Country Reviews'''

== Cáineadh 
=== Bias against renewable energy 
[[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]]

'' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Mertens /&gt;

=== Accuracy of forecasting 
'' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. &lt;ref name=guardian2 /&gt;

=== Restricting access to data 
'' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, &quot;[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it&quot;.&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021 /&gt;  The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that &quot;countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding&quot;.&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;

'' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024 /&gt;

'' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.&lt;ref name=ieadataset /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=UIA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Latvia&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:4&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017&gt;[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017&gt;Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Mertens&gt;Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024&gt;{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ieadataset&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:6&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

== Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise ==


[[Íomhá:fossil fuel subsidies per capita, World, 2021 (cropped).svg | mion | upright=1.2 | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise in aghaidh an duine]]

[[Íomhá:fossil fuel subsidies gdp, World, 2021 (cropped).svg | mion | upright=1.2 | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise mar chuid OTI]]

Is [[fóirdheontas fuinneamh]] é '''Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise''' ar [[breosla iontaise]].  Faoi shainmhíniú caol, bronnadh tuairim is $725 billiún (0.6% d'[[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]] domhanda)&lt;ref name=:0 /&gt; go $900 bn sa bhliain 2024.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Faoi shainmhíniú níos leithne, bronnadh totalled $6.7 trilliún (5.8% d'OTI).&lt;ref name=:0 /&gt;  Tá an chuid is mó d'fhóirdheontas í gcomhair [[Peitriliam|ola]] agus [[gás nádúrtha|gáis nádúrtha]],&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt; agus go formhór ar [[ídiú]],&lt;ref name=iisd /&gt; amhail [[cáin díolacháin]] níos lú ar gás nádúrtha le haghaidh [[téamh cónaithe]]; nó [[fóirdheontas|fóirdheontais]] ar [[táirgeadh]] amhail is [[buntáiste cánach|buntáistí cánach]] ar [[taiscéalaíocht ola agus gáis]]; nó aisce[[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] saora nó saor in aisce amhail is [[truailliú aeir]] nó [[athrú aeráide]] de bharr dhó [[peitreal|peitril]], [[díosal|díosail]] agus [[scaird-bhreosla]].  Bronntar roinnt fóirdheontas trí {{h|giniúint leictreachais}}, amhail is fóirdheontais i gcomhair {{h|gléasra cumhachta}} gualbhreoslaithe.

Dá gcuirfeadh críoch le fóirdheontais bhreosla iontaise, laghdódh [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] agus mar thoradh [[Maolú an athraithe aeráide|mhaolódh athraithe aeráide]].&lt;ref name=owid /&gt;. I dteannta sin, laghdódh [[Truailliú aeir#Iarmhairtí|rioscaí sláinte de bharr thruailliú aeir]].&lt;ref name=worldbank /&gt;  As an mbliain 2021, deirtear go gcaitear i bhfad níos mó airgid ar Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise ná ar [[fóirdheontas talmhaíochta|fóirdheontais talmhaíochta]] nó [[fóirdheontas uisce|uisce]].&lt;ref name=earthtrack /&gt;  Dar leis an {{h|Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh}}, '' &quot;High fossil fuel prices hit the poor hardest, but subsidies are rarely well-targeted to protect vulnerable groups and tend to benefit better-off segments of the population.&quot;&lt;ref name=subsidies-2022 /&gt;

[[Íomhá:Fossil-fuel-subsidies.png | mion | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]]

In ainneoin gur gheall tíortha [[G20]] deireadh a chur le fóirdheontais bhreosla iontaise de réir a chéile,&lt;ref name=oecd2021 /&gt; tá suas an foras de bharr móréilimh&lt;ref name=Urpelainen2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Martinez2022 /&gt; nó [[slándáil fuinnimh]].&lt;ref name=FT20220225 /&gt;  Dar leis an ''[[International Institute for Sustainable Development]]'' ámh, bheadh an domhan níos slándála gan iad.&lt;ref name=iisd2 /&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=:0&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Underpriced and Overused: Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data 2025 Update | url = https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2025/12/20/underpriced-and-overused-fossil-fuel-subsidies-data-2025-update-572729 | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | work = imf.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:1&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-12-19 | teideal = Government support for fossil fuels remains high despite a 10% decline from 2023 to 2024 | url = https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/announcements/2025/12/government-support-for-fossil-fuels-remains-high-despite-a-10-decline.html | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | work = oecd.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=iisd&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil Fuel Subsidies Explained: Concepts and trends | url = https://www.iisd.org/articles/explainer/fossil-fuel-subsidies-explained-concepts-trends | dátarochtana = 2026-05-02 | work = iisd.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=worldbank&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Local Environmental Externalities due to Energy Price Subsidies: A Focus on Air Pollution and Health | url = https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/677081531112268818/pdf/ESRAF-note-8-Local-Environmental-Externalities-due-to-Energy-Price-Subsidies-A-Focus-on-Air-Pollution-and-Health.pdf | foilsitheoir = [[World Bank]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=owid&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil fuel subsidies: If we want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions we should not pay people to burn fossil-fuels | url = https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuel-subsidies | dátarochtana = 2021-11-04 | foilsitheoir = Our World in Data}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=earthtrack&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Protecting Nature by Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: The Role of Business | url = https://www.earthtrack.net/document/protecting-nature-reforming-environmentally-harmful-subsidies-role-business | dátarochtana = 2022-03-07 | foilsitheoir = Earth Track}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=subsidies-2022&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil Fuels Consumption Subsidies 2022 – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/fossil-fuels-consumption-subsidies-2022 | dátarochtana = 2023-02-16 | foilsitheoir = IEA | dáta = 16 Feabhra 2023 | teanga = en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=oecd2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2021 | teideal = Update on recent progress in reform of inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption | url = https://www.oecd.org/g20/topics/climate-sustainability-and-energy/OECD-IEA-G20-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-Reform-Update-2021.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Urpelainen2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Urpelainen | ainm = Johannes | last2=George | first2=Elisha | dáta = 2021-07-14 | teideal = Reforming global fossil fuel subsidies: How the United States can restart international cooperation | url = https://www.brookings.edu/research/reforming-global-fossil-fuel-subsidies-how-the-united-states-can-restart-international-cooperation/ | dátarochtana = 2022-02-26 | foilsitheoir = Brookings | teanga = en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Martinez2022&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Martinez-Alvarez | first1=Cesar B. | last2=Hazlett | first2=Chad | last3=Mahdavi | first3=Paasha | last4=Ross | first4=Michael L. | date=2022-11-22 | title=Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | language=en | volume=119 | issue=47 | article-number=e2208024119 | doi=10.1073/pnas.2208024119 | doi-access=free | issn=0027-8424 | pmc=9704748 | pmid=36375060 | bibcode=2022PNAS..11908024M}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=FT20220225&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Brower | ainm = Derek | last2=Wilson | first2=Tom | last3=Giles | first3=Chris | dáta = 2022-02-25 | teideal = The new energy shock: Putin, Ukraine and the global economy | foilsitheoir = Financial Times | url = https://www.ft.com/content/5a7ea3b8-c446-46a9-a836-fce811a97069 | dátarochtana = 2022-02-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=iisd2&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = The Surprising Route to Energy Security: Scrap fossil fuel subsidies | url = https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/route-energy-security-scrap-fossil-fuel-subsidies | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | foilsitheoir = International Institute for Sustainable Development | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Buntásc ==
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>4hm8nv3oy4lrh1hcl2nv5bzlho2hnaq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331956</id>
      <parentid>1331955</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:21:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise */</comment>
      <origin>1331956</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41026" sha1="aphcene2crgslkmmwrsgg48kthwwfub" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

== Ceanntásc ==

••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir

* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming 
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy


* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]

* [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]]
** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]]
*** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]


{| class= wikitable 
|+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s)

! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht
|-
| Grian
| [[Grianfhuinneamh]]
| [[Grianchumhacht]]
|-
| Gaoth
| [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]
| [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
|-
| Uisce
| [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]]
| [[Hidrileictreachas]]
|-
| Geo
| [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]]
| [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]
|-
| Bith
| [[Bithbhreosla]]
| [[]]
|-
| Tonn
| [[Fuinneamh toinne]]
| [[Cumhacht toinne]]
|}

== Ábhair ==
=== Cúiseanna ===
* [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]]
# [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]]
#* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]]
# ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]]
# Climate action
# Climate change denial


* [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]]

=== Aontas Eorpach ===
* [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], &lt;s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=&lt;/s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]

=== Náisiúin Aontaithe ===
* [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]]
* [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]]
* [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]]

=== Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar ===
* [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]]
# ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]]
#* [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]]
# ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]]
# ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]]
#* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]]
# ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]]
#* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]
# ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]]
# ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]]

== ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' ==
&lt;ref name=iate /&gt;


== Role of climate change conferences 
'' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources.

'' The UN Climate Change Conferences&lt;ref name=uncc /&gt; serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts.

== Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! Bliain
! Ainm
! Tír, cathair óstach 
! Uachtarán
! Tír uachtaránachta
! Grúpa réigiúnach
|-
| 1995
| [[#1995|COP&amp;nbsp;1]]
| [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin
| [[Angela Merkel]]
| {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}}
| [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]]
|-
|1996
|[[#1996|COP&amp;nbsp;2]]
|[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis
|[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|[[Grúpa na hAfraice]]
|-
|1997
|[[#1997|COP&amp;nbsp;3]]
|[[Kyoto]], Japan
|[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|-
|1998
|[[#1998|COP&amp;nbsp;4]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[María Julia Alsogaray]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|1999
|[[#1999|COP&amp;nbsp;5]]
|[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin
|[[Jan Szyszko]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2000
|[[#2000|COP&amp;nbsp;6]]
|[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír
|[[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2001
|[[#2001|COP&amp;nbsp;6-2]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
| [[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]] 
|-
|2001
|[[#COP&amp;nbsp;7|COP&amp;nbsp;7]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2002
|[[#2002|COP&amp;nbsp;8]]
|[[New Delhi]], India
|[[T. R. Baalu]]
|{{flag|India}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2003
|[[#2003|COP&amp;nbsp;9]]
|[[Milan]], Italy
|[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2004
|[[#2004|COP&amp;nbsp;10]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[Ginés González García]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2005
|[[#2005|COP&amp;nbsp;11]]
|[[Montréal]], Canada
|[[Stéphane Dion]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2006
|[[#2006|COP&amp;nbsp;12]]
|[[Nairobi]], Kenya
|[[Kivutha Kibwana]]
|{{flag|Kenya}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2007
|[[#2007|COP&amp;nbsp;13]]
|[[Bali]], Indonesia
|[[Rachmat Witoelar]]
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2008
|[[#2008|COP&amp;nbsp;14]]
|[[Poznań]], Poland
|[[Maciej Nowicki]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2009
|[[#2009|COP&amp;nbsp;15]]
|[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark
|[[Connie Hedegaard]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2010
|[[#2010|COP&amp;nbsp;16]]
|[[Cancún]], Mexico
|[[Patricia Espinosa]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2011
|[[#2011|COP&amp;nbsp;17]]
|[[Durban]], South Africa
|[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2012
|[[#2012|COP&amp;nbsp;18]]
|[[Doha]], Qatar
|[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2013
|[[#2013|COP&amp;nbsp;19]]
|[[Warsaw]], Poland
|[[Marcin Korolec]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2014
|[[#2014|COP&amp;nbsp;20]]
|[[Líoma]], Peru
|[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2015
|[[#2015|COP&amp;nbsp;21]]
|[[Páras]], France
|[[Laurent Fabius]]
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2016
|[[#2016|COP&amp;nbsp;22]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Salaheddine Mezouar]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2017
|[[#2017|COP&amp;nbsp;23]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]&lt;ref name=unfccc2017 /&gt;
|{{flag|Fiji}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2018
|[[#2018|COP&amp;nbsp;24]]
|[[Katowice]], Poland
|[[Michał Kurtyka]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2019
|[[#2019|COP&amp;nbsp;25]]
|[[Maidrid]], Spain
|[[Carolina Schmidt]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|&lt;s&gt;2020&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;COP 26&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Glasgow, United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|Postponed due to COVID
|&lt;s&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Western Europe and Other Group&lt;/s&gt; 
|-
| 2021
|[[#2021|COP&amp;nbsp;26]]
|[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom
|[[Alok Sharma]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2022
|[[#2022|COP&amp;nbsp;27]]
|[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt
|[[Sameh Shoukry]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2023
|[[#2023|COP&amp;nbsp;28]]
|[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
|[[Sultan Al Jaber]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
| 2024
|[[#2024|COP&amp;nbsp;29]]
|[[Baku]], Azerbaijan
|[[Mukhtar Babayev]],
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
| 2025
|[[#2025|COP&amp;nbsp;30]]
|[[Belém]], Brazil
| [[André Corrêa do Lago]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
| 2026
|[[#2026|COP&amp;nbsp;31]]
|[[Antalya]], Turkey
|[[Murat Kurum]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2027
|[[#2027|COP&amp;nbsp;32]]
|[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
|[[Gedion Timothewos]]
&lt;ref name=ethiopia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2028
| [[#2028|COP&amp;nbsp;33]]
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|}


&lt;ref name=iate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=uncc&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=unfccc2017&gt;{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

== Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}


'' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].&lt;ref name=UIA /&gt;  The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=Latvia /&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=:4 /&gt;

== Structure 
The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.&lt;ref name=:6 /&gt;

== Ballraíocht 
The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot;/&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Ballstáit 
Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.95em;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:115px;&quot; | Tír
! Ballraíocht
! Nótaí
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Australia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1979&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Austria}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974
&lt;ref name=:5&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Belgium}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Canada}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5 February 2001&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Denmark}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Estonia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9 May 2014
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Finland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|France}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Germany}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Greece}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1976&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Hungary}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3 June 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Ireland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Italy}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Japan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Latvia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Lithuania}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2022
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Mexico}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2018
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Netherlands}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|New Zealand}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1977&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Norway}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member (under a special Agreement)&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Portugal}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1981&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Poland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |25 September 2008
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Slovakia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30 November 2007
&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|South Korea|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |20 April 2001
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris | archive-date=25 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Spain|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Sweden|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Switzerland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Turkey|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom|}}}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|United States|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Tíortha aontachais 
'' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat.
&lt;ref name=Scott1994&gt;{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 | access-date=3 Lúnasa 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:&lt;ref name=AccessionAssociate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries &amp; Regions | foilsitheoir = International Energy Agency | dátarochtana = 2026-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* {{Flag|Colombia}}
* {{Flag|Brazil}}
&lt;ref name=mre2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal = Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Chile|}}
* {{Flag|Costa Rica|}}
* {{Flag|Israel|}}
* {{Flag|Romania|an Rómáin}}

=== Association countries 
'' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot; /&gt; country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings.
&lt;ref name=iea2016&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
India officially declared its &quot;Association&quot; status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017.
&lt;ref name=iea2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,&lt;ref name=:2 /&gt;
&lt;ref name=thecanadian&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022.
&lt;ref name=aljazeera&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country.
&lt;ref name=brasilenergia&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-07-30 | teideal = Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' As of Deireadh Fómhair 2026, the IEA has 14 association countries:&lt;ref name=&quot;AccessionAssociate&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flag|Argentina|}}
* {{Flag|China|ag tSín}}
* {{Flag|Egypt|}}
* {{Flag|India|an Ind}}
* {{Flag|Indonesia|}}
* {{Flag|Kenya|}}
* {{Flag|Morocco|}}
* {{Flag|Nigeria|}}
* {{Flag|Senegal|}}
* {{Flag|Singapore|}}
* {{Flag|South Africa|an Afraic Theas}}
* {{Flag|Thailand|}}
* {{Flag|Ukraine|an Úcráin}}
* {{Flag|Vietnam|}}

== Areas of work 
'' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries.

=== Dáta 
=== Scenarios 
IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes:

* Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
&lt;ref name=ieaaps&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga =en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Net Zero Scenario (NZE)
&lt;ref name=ieanze&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=28 August 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:8 /&gt;

=== Key publications 
[[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf | mion | Tuairisc 2022 ar [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]]

* '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO)
* '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector'''
* '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) 
* '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO)
* '''Oil Market Report'''
* '''Electricity Market Report'''
* '''Gas Market Report'''
* '''Energy Efficiency'''
* '''Renewable Energy Market Update'''
* '''World Energy Investment'''
* '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress'''
* '''Country Reviews'''

== Cáineadh 
=== Bias against renewable energy 
[[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]]

'' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Mertens /&gt;

=== Accuracy of forecasting 
'' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. &lt;ref name=guardian2 /&gt;

=== Restricting access to data 
'' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, &quot;[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it&quot;.&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021 /&gt;  The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that &quot;countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding&quot;.&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;

'' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024 /&gt;

'' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.&lt;ref name=ieadataset /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=UIA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Latvia&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:4&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017&gt;[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017&gt;Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Mertens&gt;Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024&gt;{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ieadataset&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:6&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

== Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise ==
[[Íomhá:fossil fuel subsidies per capita, World, 2021 (cropped).svg | mion | upright=1.2 | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise in aghaidh an duine]]

[[Íomhá:fossil fuel subsidies gdp, World, 2021 (cropped).svg | mion | upright=1.2 | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise mar chuid OTI]]

Is [[fóirdheontas fuinneamh]] é '''Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise''' ar [[breosla iontaise]].  Faoi shainmhíniú caol, bronnadh tuairim is $725 billiún (0.6% d'[[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]] domhanda)&lt;ref name=:0 /&gt; go $900 bn sa bhliain 2024.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Faoi shainmhíniú níos leithne, bronnadh totalled $6.7 trilliún (5.8% d'OTI).&lt;ref name=:0 /&gt;  Tá an chuid is mó d'fhóirdheontas í gcomhair [[Peitriliam|ola]] agus [[gás nádúrtha|gáis nádúrtha]],&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt; agus go formhór ar [[ídiú]],&lt;ref name=iisd /&gt; amhail [[cáin díolacháin]] níos lú ar gás nádúrtha le haghaidh [[téamh cónaithe]]; nó [[fóirdheontas|fóirdheontais]] ar [[táirgeadh]] amhail is [[buntáiste cánach|buntáistí cánach]] ar [[taiscéalaíocht ola agus gáis]]; nó aisce[[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] saora nó saor in aisce amhail is [[truailliú aeir]] nó [[athrú aeráide]] de bharr dhó [[peitreal|peitril]], [[díosal|díosail]] agus [[scaird-bhreosla]].  Bronntar roinnt fóirdheontas trí {{h|giniúint leictreachais}}, amhail is fóirdheontais i gcomhair {{h|gléasra cumhachta}} gualbhreoslaithe.

Dá gcuirfeadh críoch le fóirdheontais bhreosla iontaise, laghdódh [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] agus mar thoradh [[Maolú an athraithe aeráide|mhaolódh athraithe aeráide]].&lt;ref name=owid /&gt;. I dteannta sin, laghdódh [[Truailliú aeir#Iarmhairtí|rioscaí sláinte de bharr thruailliú aeir]].&lt;ref name=worldbank /&gt;  As an mbliain 2021, deirtear go gcaitear i bhfad níos mó airgid ar Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise ná ar [[fóirdheontas talmhaíochta|fóirdheontais talmhaíochta]] nó [[fóirdheontas uisce|uisce]].&lt;ref name=earthtrack /&gt;  Dar leis an {{h|Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh}}, '' &quot;High fossil fuel prices hit the poor hardest, but subsidies are rarely well-targeted to protect vulnerable groups and tend to benefit better-off segments of the population.&quot;&lt;ref name=subsidies-2022 /&gt;

[[Íomhá:Fossil-fuel-subsidies.png | mion | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]]

In ainneoin gur gheall tíortha [[G20]] deireadh a chur le fóirdheontais bhreosla iontaise de réir a chéile,&lt;ref name=oecd2021 /&gt; tá suas an foras de bharr móréilimh&lt;ref name=Urpelainen2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Martinez2022 /&gt; nó [[slándáil fuinnimh]].&lt;ref name=FT20220225 /&gt;  Dar leis an ''[[International Institute for Sustainable Development]]'' ámh, bheadh an domhan níos slándála gan iad.&lt;ref name=iisd2 /&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=:0&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Underpriced and Overused: Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data 2025 Update | url = https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2025/12/20/underpriced-and-overused-fossil-fuel-subsidies-data-2025-update-572729 | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | work = imf.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:1&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-12-19 | teideal = Government support for fossil fuels remains high despite a 10% decline from 2023 to 2024 | url = https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/announcements/2025/12/government-support-for-fossil-fuels-remains-high-despite-a-10-decline.html | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | work = oecd.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=iisd&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil Fuel Subsidies Explained: Concepts and trends | url = https://www.iisd.org/articles/explainer/fossil-fuel-subsidies-explained-concepts-trends | dátarochtana = 2026-05-02 | work = iisd.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=worldbank&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Local Environmental Externalities due to Energy Price Subsidies: A Focus on Air Pollution and Health | url = https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/677081531112268818/pdf/ESRAF-note-8-Local-Environmental-Externalities-due-to-Energy-Price-Subsidies-A-Focus-on-Air-Pollution-and-Health.pdf | foilsitheoir = [[World Bank]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=owid&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil fuel subsidies: If we want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions we should not pay people to burn fossil-fuels | url = https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuel-subsidies | dátarochtana = 2021-11-04 | foilsitheoir = Our World in Data}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=earthtrack&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Protecting Nature by Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: The Role of Business | url = https://www.earthtrack.net/document/protecting-nature-reforming-environmentally-harmful-subsidies-role-business | dátarochtana = 2022-03-07 | foilsitheoir = Earth Track}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=subsidies-2022&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil Fuels Consumption Subsidies 2022 – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/fossil-fuels-consumption-subsidies-2022 | dátarochtana = 2023-02-16 | foilsitheoir = IEA | dáta = 16 Feabhra 2023 | teanga = en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=oecd2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2021 | teideal = Update on recent progress in reform of inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption | url = https://www.oecd.org/g20/topics/climate-sustainability-and-energy/OECD-IEA-G20-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-Reform-Update-2021.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Urpelainen2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Urpelainen | ainm = Johannes | last2=George | first2=Elisha | dáta = 2021-07-14 | teideal = Reforming global fossil fuel subsidies: How the United States can restart international cooperation | url = https://www.brookings.edu/research/reforming-global-fossil-fuel-subsidies-how-the-united-states-can-restart-international-cooperation/ | dátarochtana = 2022-02-26 | foilsitheoir = Brookings | teanga = en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Martinez2022&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Martinez-Alvarez | first1=Cesar B. | last2=Hazlett | first2=Chad | last3=Mahdavi | first3=Paasha | last4=Ross | first4=Michael L. | date=2022-11-22 | title=Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | language=en | volume=119 | issue=47 | article-number=e2208024119 | doi=10.1073/pnas.2208024119 | doi-access=free | issn=0027-8424 | pmc=9704748 | pmid=36375060 | bibcode=2022PNAS..11908024M}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=FT20220225&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Brower | ainm = Derek | last2=Wilson | first2=Tom | last3=Giles | first3=Chris | dáta = 2022-02-25 | teideal = The new energy shock: Putin, Ukraine and the global economy | foilsitheoir = Financial Times | url = https://www.ft.com/content/5a7ea3b8-c446-46a9-a836-fce811a97069 | dátarochtana = 2022-02-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=iisd2&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = The Surprising Route to Energy Security: Scrap fossil fuel subsidies | url = https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/route-energy-security-scrap-fossil-fuel-subsidies | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | foilsitheoir = International Institute for Sustainable Development | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Buntásc ==
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>aphcene2crgslkmmwrsgg48kthwwfub</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331957</id>
      <parentid>1331956</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:21:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1331957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33983" sha1="rtrmb87ft0xdaahw5wlwkez1d99z972" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

== Ceanntásc ==

••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir

* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming 
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy


* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]

* [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]]
** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]]
*** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]


{| class= wikitable 
|+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s)

! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht
|-
| Grian
| [[Grianfhuinneamh]]
| [[Grianchumhacht]]
|-
| Gaoth
| [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]
| [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
|-
| Uisce
| [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]]
| [[Hidrileictreachas]]
|-
| Geo
| [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]]
| [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]
|-
| Bith
| [[Bithbhreosla]]
| [[]]
|-
| Tonn
| [[Fuinneamh toinne]]
| [[Cumhacht toinne]]
|}

== Ábhair ==
=== Cúiseanna ===
* [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]]
# [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]]
#* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]]
# ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]]
# Climate action
# Climate change denial


* [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]]

=== Aontas Eorpach ===
* [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], &lt;s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=&lt;/s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]

=== Náisiúin Aontaithe ===
* [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]]
* [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]]
* [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]]

=== Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar ===
* [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]]
# ''[[:en:Fossil fuel subsidies|Fossil fuel subsidies]]'' - [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]]
#* [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]]
# ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]]
# ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]]
#* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]]
# ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]]
#* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]
# ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]]
# ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]]

== ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' ==
&lt;ref name=iate /&gt;


== Role of climate change conferences 
'' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources.

'' The UN Climate Change Conferences&lt;ref name=uncc /&gt; serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts.

== Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! Bliain
! Ainm
! Tír, cathair óstach 
! Uachtarán
! Tír uachtaránachta
! Grúpa réigiúnach
|-
| 1995
| [[#1995|COP&amp;nbsp;1]]
| [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin
| [[Angela Merkel]]
| {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}}
| [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]]
|-
|1996
|[[#1996|COP&amp;nbsp;2]]
|[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis
|[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|[[Grúpa na hAfraice]]
|-
|1997
|[[#1997|COP&amp;nbsp;3]]
|[[Kyoto]], Japan
|[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|-
|1998
|[[#1998|COP&amp;nbsp;4]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[María Julia Alsogaray]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|1999
|[[#1999|COP&amp;nbsp;5]]
|[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin
|[[Jan Szyszko]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2000
|[[#2000|COP&amp;nbsp;6]]
|[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír
|[[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2001
|[[#2001|COP&amp;nbsp;6-2]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
| [[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]] 
|-
|2001
|[[#COP&amp;nbsp;7|COP&amp;nbsp;7]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2002
|[[#2002|COP&amp;nbsp;8]]
|[[New Delhi]], India
|[[T. R. Baalu]]
|{{flag|India}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2003
|[[#2003|COP&amp;nbsp;9]]
|[[Milan]], Italy
|[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2004
|[[#2004|COP&amp;nbsp;10]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[Ginés González García]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2005
|[[#2005|COP&amp;nbsp;11]]
|[[Montréal]], Canada
|[[Stéphane Dion]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2006
|[[#2006|COP&amp;nbsp;12]]
|[[Nairobi]], Kenya
|[[Kivutha Kibwana]]
|{{flag|Kenya}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2007
|[[#2007|COP&amp;nbsp;13]]
|[[Bali]], Indonesia
|[[Rachmat Witoelar]]
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2008
|[[#2008|COP&amp;nbsp;14]]
|[[Poznań]], Poland
|[[Maciej Nowicki]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2009
|[[#2009|COP&amp;nbsp;15]]
|[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark
|[[Connie Hedegaard]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2010
|[[#2010|COP&amp;nbsp;16]]
|[[Cancún]], Mexico
|[[Patricia Espinosa]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2011
|[[#2011|COP&amp;nbsp;17]]
|[[Durban]], South Africa
|[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2012
|[[#2012|COP&amp;nbsp;18]]
|[[Doha]], Qatar
|[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2013
|[[#2013|COP&amp;nbsp;19]]
|[[Warsaw]], Poland
|[[Marcin Korolec]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2014
|[[#2014|COP&amp;nbsp;20]]
|[[Líoma]], Peru
|[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2015
|[[#2015|COP&amp;nbsp;21]]
|[[Páras]], France
|[[Laurent Fabius]]
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2016
|[[#2016|COP&amp;nbsp;22]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Salaheddine Mezouar]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2017
|[[#2017|COP&amp;nbsp;23]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]&lt;ref name=unfccc2017 /&gt;
|{{flag|Fiji}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2018
|[[#2018|COP&amp;nbsp;24]]
|[[Katowice]], Poland
|[[Michał Kurtyka]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2019
|[[#2019|COP&amp;nbsp;25]]
|[[Maidrid]], Spain
|[[Carolina Schmidt]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|&lt;s&gt;2020&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;COP 26&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Glasgow, United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|Postponed due to COVID
|&lt;s&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Western Europe and Other Group&lt;/s&gt; 
|-
| 2021
|[[#2021|COP&amp;nbsp;26]]
|[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom
|[[Alok Sharma]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2022
|[[#2022|COP&amp;nbsp;27]]
|[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt
|[[Sameh Shoukry]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2023
|[[#2023|COP&amp;nbsp;28]]
|[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
|[[Sultan Al Jaber]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
| 2024
|[[#2024|COP&amp;nbsp;29]]
|[[Baku]], Azerbaijan
|[[Mukhtar Babayev]],
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
| 2025
|[[#2025|COP&amp;nbsp;30]]
|[[Belém]], Brazil
| [[André Corrêa do Lago]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
| 2026
|[[#2026|COP&amp;nbsp;31]]
|[[Antalya]], Turkey
|[[Murat Kurum]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2027
|[[#2027|COP&amp;nbsp;32]]
|[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
|[[Gedion Timothewos]]
&lt;ref name=ethiopia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2028
| [[#2028|COP&amp;nbsp;33]]
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|}


&lt;ref name=iate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=uncc&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=unfccc2017&gt;{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

== Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}


'' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].&lt;ref name=UIA /&gt;  The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=Latvia /&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=:4 /&gt;

== Structure 
The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.&lt;ref name=:6 /&gt;

== Ballraíocht 
The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot;/&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Ballstáit 
Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.95em;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:115px;&quot; | Tír
! Ballraíocht
! Nótaí
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Australia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1979&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Austria}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974
&lt;ref name=:5&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Belgium}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Canada}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5 February 2001&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Denmark}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Estonia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9 May 2014
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Finland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|France}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Germany}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Greece}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1976&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Hungary}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3 June 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Ireland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Italy}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Japan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Latvia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Lithuania}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2022
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Mexico}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2018
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Netherlands}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|New Zealand}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1977&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Norway}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member (under a special Agreement)&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Portugal}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1981&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Poland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |25 September 2008
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Slovakia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30 November 2007
&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|South Korea|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |20 April 2001
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris | archive-date=25 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Spain|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Sweden|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Switzerland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Turkey|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom|}}}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|United States|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Tíortha aontachais 
'' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat.
&lt;ref name=Scott1994&gt;{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 | access-date=3 Lúnasa 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:&lt;ref name=AccessionAssociate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries &amp; Regions | foilsitheoir = International Energy Agency | dátarochtana = 2026-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* {{Flag|Colombia}}
* {{Flag|Brazil}}
&lt;ref name=mre2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal = Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Chile|}}
* {{Flag|Costa Rica|}}
* {{Flag|Israel|}}
* {{Flag|Romania|an Rómáin}}

=== Association countries 
'' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot; /&gt; country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings.
&lt;ref name=iea2016&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
India officially declared its &quot;Association&quot; status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017.
&lt;ref name=iea2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,&lt;ref name=:2 /&gt;
&lt;ref name=thecanadian&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022.
&lt;ref name=aljazeera&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country.
&lt;ref name=brasilenergia&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-07-30 | teideal = Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' As of Deireadh Fómhair 2026, the IEA has 14 association countries:&lt;ref name=&quot;AccessionAssociate&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flag|Argentina|}}
* {{Flag|China|ag tSín}}
* {{Flag|Egypt|}}
* {{Flag|India|an Ind}}
* {{Flag|Indonesia|}}
* {{Flag|Kenya|}}
* {{Flag|Morocco|}}
* {{Flag|Nigeria|}}
* {{Flag|Senegal|}}
* {{Flag|Singapore|}}
* {{Flag|South Africa|an Afraic Theas}}
* {{Flag|Thailand|}}
* {{Flag|Ukraine|an Úcráin}}
* {{Flag|Vietnam|}}

== Areas of work 
'' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries.

=== Dáta 
=== Scenarios 
IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes:

* Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
&lt;ref name=ieaaps&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga =en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Net Zero Scenario (NZE)
&lt;ref name=ieanze&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=28 August 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:8 /&gt;

=== Key publications 
[[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf | mion | Tuairisc 2022 ar [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]]

* '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO)
* '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector'''
* '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) 
* '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO)
* '''Oil Market Report'''
* '''Electricity Market Report'''
* '''Gas Market Report'''
* '''Energy Efficiency'''
* '''Renewable Energy Market Update'''
* '''World Energy Investment'''
* '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress'''
* '''Country Reviews'''

== Cáineadh 
=== Bias against renewable energy 
[[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]]

'' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Mertens /&gt;

=== Accuracy of forecasting 
'' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. &lt;ref name=guardian2 /&gt;

=== Restricting access to data 
'' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, &quot;[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it&quot;.&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021 /&gt;  The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that &quot;countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding&quot;.&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;

'' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024 /&gt;

'' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.&lt;ref name=ieadataset /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=UIA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Latvia&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:4&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017&gt;[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017&gt;Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Mertens&gt;Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024&gt;{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ieadataset&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:6&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

== Buntásc ==
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>rtrmb87ft0xdaahw5wlwkez1d99z972</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331959</id>
      <parentid>1331957</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:23:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar */</comment>
      <origin>1331959</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33922" sha1="126eh2stcrxrvy01oq4x8yamsdqphdk" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

== Ceanntásc ==

••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir

* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming 
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy


* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]

* [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]]
** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]]
*** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]


{| class= wikitable 
|+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s)

! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht
|-
| Grian
| [[Grianfhuinneamh]]
| [[Grianchumhacht]]
|-
| Gaoth
| [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]
| [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
|-
| Uisce
| [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]]
| [[Hidrileictreachas]]
|-
| Geo
| [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]]
| [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]
|-
| Bith
| [[Bithbhreosla]]
| [[]]
|-
| Tonn
| [[Fuinneamh toinne]]
| [[Cumhacht toinne]]
|}

== Ábhair ==
=== Cúiseanna ===
* [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]]
# [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]]
#* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]]
# ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]]
# Climate action
# Climate change denial


* [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]]

=== Aontas Eorpach ===
* [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], &lt;s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=&lt;/s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]

=== Náisiúin Aontaithe ===
* [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]]
* [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]]
* [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]]

=== Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar ===
* [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]], [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]], [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]]
# ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]]
# ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]]
#* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]]
# ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]]
#* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]
# ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]]
# ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]]

== ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' ==
&lt;ref name=iate /&gt;


== Role of climate change conferences 
'' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources.

'' The UN Climate Change Conferences&lt;ref name=uncc /&gt; serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts.

== Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! Bliain
! Ainm
! Tír, cathair óstach 
! Uachtarán
! Tír uachtaránachta
! Grúpa réigiúnach
|-
| 1995
| [[#1995|COP&amp;nbsp;1]]
| [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin
| [[Angela Merkel]]
| {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}}
| [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]]
|-
|1996
|[[#1996|COP&amp;nbsp;2]]
|[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis
|[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|[[Grúpa na hAfraice]]
|-
|1997
|[[#1997|COP&amp;nbsp;3]]
|[[Kyoto]], Japan
|[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|-
|1998
|[[#1998|COP&amp;nbsp;4]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[María Julia Alsogaray]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|1999
|[[#1999|COP&amp;nbsp;5]]
|[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin
|[[Jan Szyszko]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2000
|[[#2000|COP&amp;nbsp;6]]
|[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír
|[[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2001
|[[#2001|COP&amp;nbsp;6-2]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
| [[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]] 
|-
|2001
|[[#COP&amp;nbsp;7|COP&amp;nbsp;7]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2002
|[[#2002|COP&amp;nbsp;8]]
|[[New Delhi]], India
|[[T. R. Baalu]]
|{{flag|India}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2003
|[[#2003|COP&amp;nbsp;9]]
|[[Milan]], Italy
|[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2004
|[[#2004|COP&amp;nbsp;10]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[Ginés González García]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2005
|[[#2005|COP&amp;nbsp;11]]
|[[Montréal]], Canada
|[[Stéphane Dion]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2006
|[[#2006|COP&amp;nbsp;12]]
|[[Nairobi]], Kenya
|[[Kivutha Kibwana]]
|{{flag|Kenya}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2007
|[[#2007|COP&amp;nbsp;13]]
|[[Bali]], Indonesia
|[[Rachmat Witoelar]]
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2008
|[[#2008|COP&amp;nbsp;14]]
|[[Poznań]], Poland
|[[Maciej Nowicki]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2009
|[[#2009|COP&amp;nbsp;15]]
|[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark
|[[Connie Hedegaard]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2010
|[[#2010|COP&amp;nbsp;16]]
|[[Cancún]], Mexico
|[[Patricia Espinosa]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2011
|[[#2011|COP&amp;nbsp;17]]
|[[Durban]], South Africa
|[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2012
|[[#2012|COP&amp;nbsp;18]]
|[[Doha]], Qatar
|[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2013
|[[#2013|COP&amp;nbsp;19]]
|[[Warsaw]], Poland
|[[Marcin Korolec]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2014
|[[#2014|COP&amp;nbsp;20]]
|[[Líoma]], Peru
|[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2015
|[[#2015|COP&amp;nbsp;21]]
|[[Páras]], France
|[[Laurent Fabius]]
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2016
|[[#2016|COP&amp;nbsp;22]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Salaheddine Mezouar]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2017
|[[#2017|COP&amp;nbsp;23]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]&lt;ref name=unfccc2017 /&gt;
|{{flag|Fiji}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2018
|[[#2018|COP&amp;nbsp;24]]
|[[Katowice]], Poland
|[[Michał Kurtyka]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2019
|[[#2019|COP&amp;nbsp;25]]
|[[Maidrid]], Spain
|[[Carolina Schmidt]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|&lt;s&gt;2020&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;COP 26&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Glasgow, United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|Postponed due to COVID
|&lt;s&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Western Europe and Other Group&lt;/s&gt; 
|-
| 2021
|[[#2021|COP&amp;nbsp;26]]
|[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom
|[[Alok Sharma]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2022
|[[#2022|COP&amp;nbsp;27]]
|[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt
|[[Sameh Shoukry]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2023
|[[#2023|COP&amp;nbsp;28]]
|[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
|[[Sultan Al Jaber]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
| 2024
|[[#2024|COP&amp;nbsp;29]]
|[[Baku]], Azerbaijan
|[[Mukhtar Babayev]],
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
| 2025
|[[#2025|COP&amp;nbsp;30]]
|[[Belém]], Brazil
| [[André Corrêa do Lago]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
| 2026
|[[#2026|COP&amp;nbsp;31]]
|[[Antalya]], Turkey
|[[Murat Kurum]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2027
|[[#2027|COP&amp;nbsp;32]]
|[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
|[[Gedion Timothewos]]
&lt;ref name=ethiopia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2028
| [[#2028|COP&amp;nbsp;33]]
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|}


&lt;ref name=iate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=uncc&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=unfccc2017&gt;{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

== Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}


'' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].&lt;ref name=UIA /&gt;  The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=Latvia /&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=:4 /&gt;

== Structure 
The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.&lt;ref name=:6 /&gt;

== Ballraíocht 
The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot;/&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Ballstáit 
Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.95em;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:115px;&quot; | Tír
! Ballraíocht
! Nótaí
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Australia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1979&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Austria}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974
&lt;ref name=:5&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Belgium}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Canada}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5 February 2001&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Denmark}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Estonia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9 May 2014
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Finland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|France}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Germany}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Greece}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1976&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Hungary}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3 June 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Ireland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Italy}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Japan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Latvia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Lithuania}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2022
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Mexico}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2018
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Netherlands}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|New Zealand}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1977&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Norway}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member (under a special Agreement)&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Portugal}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1981&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Poland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |25 September 2008
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Slovakia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30 November 2007
&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|South Korea|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |20 April 2001
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris | archive-date=25 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Spain|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Sweden|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Switzerland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Turkey|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom|}}}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|United States|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Tíortha aontachais 
'' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat.
&lt;ref name=Scott1994&gt;{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 | access-date=3 Lúnasa 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:&lt;ref name=AccessionAssociate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries &amp; Regions | foilsitheoir = International Energy Agency | dátarochtana = 2026-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* {{Flag|Colombia}}
* {{Flag|Brazil}}
&lt;ref name=mre2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal = Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Chile|}}
* {{Flag|Costa Rica|}}
* {{Flag|Israel|}}
* {{Flag|Romania|an Rómáin}}

=== Association countries 
'' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot; /&gt; country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings.
&lt;ref name=iea2016&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
India officially declared its &quot;Association&quot; status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017.
&lt;ref name=iea2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,&lt;ref name=:2 /&gt;
&lt;ref name=thecanadian&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022.
&lt;ref name=aljazeera&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country.
&lt;ref name=brasilenergia&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-07-30 | teideal = Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' As of Deireadh Fómhair 2026, the IEA has 14 association countries:&lt;ref name=&quot;AccessionAssociate&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flag|Argentina|}}
* {{Flag|China|ag tSín}}
* {{Flag|Egypt|}}
* {{Flag|India|an Ind}}
* {{Flag|Indonesia|}}
* {{Flag|Kenya|}}
* {{Flag|Morocco|}}
* {{Flag|Nigeria|}}
* {{Flag|Senegal|}}
* {{Flag|Singapore|}}
* {{Flag|South Africa|an Afraic Theas}}
* {{Flag|Thailand|}}
* {{Flag|Ukraine|an Úcráin}}
* {{Flag|Vietnam|}}

== Areas of work 
'' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries.

=== Dáta 
=== Scenarios 
IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes:

* Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
&lt;ref name=ieaaps&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga =en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Net Zero Scenario (NZE)
&lt;ref name=ieanze&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=28 August 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:8 /&gt;

=== Key publications 
[[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf | mion | Tuairisc 2022 ar [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]]

* '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO)
* '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector'''
* '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) 
* '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO)
* '''Oil Market Report'''
* '''Electricity Market Report'''
* '''Gas Market Report'''
* '''Energy Efficiency'''
* '''Renewable Energy Market Update'''
* '''World Energy Investment'''
* '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress'''
* '''Country Reviews'''

== Cáineadh 
=== Bias against renewable energy 
[[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]]

'' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Mertens /&gt;

=== Accuracy of forecasting 
'' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. &lt;ref name=guardian2 /&gt;

=== Restricting access to data 
'' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, &quot;[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it&quot;.&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021 /&gt;  The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that &quot;countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding&quot;.&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;

'' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024 /&gt;

'' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.&lt;ref name=ieadataset /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=UIA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Latvia&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:4&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017&gt;[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017&gt;Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Mertens&gt;Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024&gt;{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ieadataset&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:6&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

== Buntásc ==
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>126eh2stcrxrvy01oq4x8yamsdqphdk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332010</id>
      <parentid>1331959</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:31:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh */</comment>
      <origin>1332010</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38781" sha1="9qwlncr02lr2kllsi2ix3or2g8pzhrh" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

== Ceanntásc ==

••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir

* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming 
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy


* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]

* [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]]
** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]]
*** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]


{| class= wikitable 
|+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s)

! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht
|-
| Grian
| [[Grianfhuinneamh]]
| [[Grianchumhacht]]
|-
| Gaoth
| [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]
| [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
|-
| Uisce
| [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]]
| [[Hidrileictreachas]]
|-
| Geo
| [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]]
| [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]
|-
| Bith
| [[Bithbhreosla]]
| [[]]
|-
| Tonn
| [[Fuinneamh toinne]]
| [[Cumhacht toinne]]
|}

== Ábhair ==
=== Cúiseanna ===
* [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]]
# [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]]
#* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]]
# ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]]
# Climate action
# Climate change denial


* [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]]

=== Aontas Eorpach ===
* [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], &lt;s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=&lt;/s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]

=== Náisiúin Aontaithe ===
* [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]]
* [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]]
* [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]]

=== Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar ===
* [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]], [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]], [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]]
# ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]]
# ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]]
#* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]]
# ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]]
#* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]
# ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]]
# ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]]

== ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' ==
&lt;ref name=iate /&gt;


== Role of climate change conferences 
'' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources.

'' The UN Climate Change Conferences&lt;ref name=uncc /&gt; serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts.

== Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! Bliain
! Ainm
! Tír, cathair óstach 
! Uachtarán
! Tír uachtaránachta
! Grúpa réigiúnach
|-
| 1995
| [[#1995|COP&amp;nbsp;1]]
| [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin
| [[Angela Merkel]]
| {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}}
| [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]]
|-
|1996
|[[#1996|COP&amp;nbsp;2]]
|[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis
|[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|[[Grúpa na hAfraice]]
|-
|1997
|[[#1997|COP&amp;nbsp;3]]
|[[Kyoto]], Japan
|[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|-
|1998
|[[#1998|COP&amp;nbsp;4]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[María Julia Alsogaray]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|1999
|[[#1999|COP&amp;nbsp;5]]
|[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin
|[[Jan Szyszko]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2000
|[[#2000|COP&amp;nbsp;6]]
|[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír
|[[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2001
|[[#2001|COP&amp;nbsp;6-2]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
| [[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]] 
|-
|2001
|[[#COP&amp;nbsp;7|COP&amp;nbsp;7]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2002
|[[#2002|COP&amp;nbsp;8]]
|[[New Delhi]], India
|[[T. R. Baalu]]
|{{flag|India}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2003
|[[#2003|COP&amp;nbsp;9]]
|[[Milan]], Italy
|[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2004
|[[#2004|COP&amp;nbsp;10]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[Ginés González García]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2005
|[[#2005|COP&amp;nbsp;11]]
|[[Montréal]], Canada
|[[Stéphane Dion]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2006
|[[#2006|COP&amp;nbsp;12]]
|[[Nairobi]], Kenya
|[[Kivutha Kibwana]]
|{{flag|Kenya}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2007
|[[#2007|COP&amp;nbsp;13]]
|[[Bali]], Indonesia
|[[Rachmat Witoelar]]
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2008
|[[#2008|COP&amp;nbsp;14]]
|[[Poznań]], Poland
|[[Maciej Nowicki]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2009
|[[#2009|COP&amp;nbsp;15]]
|[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark
|[[Connie Hedegaard]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2010
|[[#2010|COP&amp;nbsp;16]]
|[[Cancún]], Mexico
|[[Patricia Espinosa]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2011
|[[#2011|COP&amp;nbsp;17]]
|[[Durban]], South Africa
|[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2012
|[[#2012|COP&amp;nbsp;18]]
|[[Doha]], Qatar
|[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2013
|[[#2013|COP&amp;nbsp;19]]
|[[Warsaw]], Poland
|[[Marcin Korolec]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2014
|[[#2014|COP&amp;nbsp;20]]
|[[Líoma]], Peru
|[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2015
|[[#2015|COP&amp;nbsp;21]]
|[[Páras]], France
|[[Laurent Fabius]]
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2016
|[[#2016|COP&amp;nbsp;22]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Salaheddine Mezouar]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2017
|[[#2017|COP&amp;nbsp;23]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]&lt;ref name=unfccc2017 /&gt;
|{{flag|Fiji}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2018
|[[#2018|COP&amp;nbsp;24]]
|[[Katowice]], Poland
|[[Michał Kurtyka]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2019
|[[#2019|COP&amp;nbsp;25]]
|[[Maidrid]], Spain
|[[Carolina Schmidt]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|&lt;s&gt;2020&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;COP 26&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Glasgow, United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|Postponed due to COVID
|&lt;s&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Western Europe and Other Group&lt;/s&gt; 
|-
| 2021
|[[#2021|COP&amp;nbsp;26]]
|[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom
|[[Alok Sharma]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2022
|[[#2022|COP&amp;nbsp;27]]
|[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt
|[[Sameh Shoukry]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2023
|[[#2023|COP&amp;nbsp;28]]
|[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
|[[Sultan Al Jaber]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
| 2024
|[[#2024|COP&amp;nbsp;29]]
|[[Baku]], Azerbaijan
|[[Mukhtar Babayev]],
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
| 2025
|[[#2025|COP&amp;nbsp;30]]
|[[Belém]], Brazil
| [[André Corrêa do Lago]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
| 2026
|[[#2026|COP&amp;nbsp;31]]
|[[Antalya]], Turkey
|[[Murat Kurum]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2027
|[[#2027|COP&amp;nbsp;32]]
|[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
|[[Gedion Timothewos]]
&lt;ref name=ethiopia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2028
| [[#2028|COP&amp;nbsp;33]]
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|}


&lt;ref name=iate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=uncc&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=unfccc2017&gt;{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

== Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}


'' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].&lt;ref name=UIA /&gt;  The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=Latvia /&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=:4 /&gt;

== Structure 
The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.&lt;ref name=:6 /&gt;

== Ballraíocht 
The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot;/&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Ballstáit 
Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.95em;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:115px;&quot; | Tír
! Ballraíocht
! Nótaí
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Australia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1979&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Austria}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974
&lt;ref name=:5&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Belgium}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Canada}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5 February 2001&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Denmark}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Estonia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9 May 2014
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Finland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|France}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Germany}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Greece}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1976&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Hungary}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3 June 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Ireland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Italy}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Japan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Latvia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Lithuania}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2022
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Mexico}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2018
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Netherlands}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|New Zealand}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1977&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Norway}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member (under a special Agreement)&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Portugal}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1981&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Poland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |25 September 2008
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Slovakia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30 November 2007
&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|South Korea|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |20 April 2001
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris | archive-date=25 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Spain|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Sweden|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Switzerland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Turkey|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom|}}}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|United States|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Tíortha aontachais 
'' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat.
&lt;ref name=Scott1994&gt;{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 | access-date=3 Lúnasa 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:&lt;ref name=AccessionAssociate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries &amp; Regions | foilsitheoir = International Energy Agency | dátarochtana = 2026-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* {{Flag|Colombia}}
* {{Flag|Brazil}}
&lt;ref name=mre2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal = Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Chile|}}
* {{Flag|Costa Rica|}}
* {{Flag|Israel|}}
* {{Flag|Romania|an Rómáin}}

=== Association countries 
'' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot; /&gt; country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings.
&lt;ref name=iea2016&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
India officially declared its &quot;Association&quot; status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017.
&lt;ref name=iea2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,&lt;ref name=:2 /&gt;
&lt;ref name=thecanadian&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022.
&lt;ref name=aljazeera&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country.
&lt;ref name=brasilenergia&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-07-30 | teideal = Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' As of Deireadh Fómhair 2026, the IEA has 14 association countries:&lt;ref name=&quot;AccessionAssociate&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flag|Argentina|}}
* {{Flag|China|ag tSín}}
* {{Flag|Egypt|}}
* {{Flag|India|an Ind}}
* {{Flag|Indonesia|}}
* {{Flag|Kenya|}}
* {{Flag|Morocco|}}
* {{Flag|Nigeria|}}
* {{Flag|Senegal|}}
* {{Flag|Singapore|}}
* {{Flag|South Africa|an Afraic Theas}}
* {{Flag|Thailand|}}
* {{Flag|Ukraine|an Úcráin}}
* {{Flag|Vietnam|}}

== Areas of work 
'' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries.

=== Dáta 
=== Scenarios 
IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes:

* Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
&lt;ref name=ieaaps&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga =en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Net Zero Scenario (NZE)
&lt;ref name=ieanze&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=28 August 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:8 /&gt;

=== Key publications 
[[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf | mion | Tuairisc 2022 ar [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]]

* '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO)
* '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector'''
* '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) 
* '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO)
* '''Oil Market Report'''
* '''Electricity Market Report'''
* '''Gas Market Report'''
* '''Energy Efficiency'''
* '''Renewable Energy Market Update'''
* '''World Energy Investment'''
* '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress'''
* '''Country Reviews'''

== Cáineadh 
=== Bias against renewable energy 
[[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]]

'' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Mertens /&gt;

=== Accuracy of forecasting 
'' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. &lt;ref name=guardian2 /&gt;

=== Restricting access to data 
'' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, &quot;[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it&quot;.&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021 /&gt;  The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that &quot;countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding&quot;.&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;

'' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024 /&gt;

'' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.&lt;ref name=ieadataset /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=UIA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Latvia&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:4&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017&gt;[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017&gt;Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Mertens&gt;Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024&gt;{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ieadataset&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:6&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

== Sceitheadh carbóin ==


'' '''Carbon leakage''' is a concept to quantify an increase in [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] in one country as a result of an [[Air pollution|emissions reduction]] by a second country with stricter [[climate change mitigation]] policies.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{citation | title=Emissions Loophole Stays Open in E.U. | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/19/business/energy-environment/emissions-loophole-stays-open-in-eu.html | access-date=1 April 2015 | author=Andrés Cala | work=The New York Times | date=18 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{Cite journal | last=Naegele | first=Helene | last2=Zaklan | first2=Aleksandar | date=2017 | title=Does the EU ETS Cause Carbon Leakage in European Manufacturing? | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | doi=10.2139/ssrn.3050323 | issn=1556-5068 | hdl=10419/171309 | hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' Carbon leakage is one type of [[spill-over effect]].  Spill-over effects can be positive or negative;
&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | author=IPCC | title=Glossary A-D. In (section): Annex I. In (book): Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | url=https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-annex1.pdf | year=2007 | editor=B. Metz | publisher=Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A. | access-date=2010-04-18 | display-editors=etal | archive-date=2018-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820143749/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-annex1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 for example, emission reductions policy might lead to technological developments that aid reductions outside of the policy area.  Carbon leakage can be defined as &quot;the increase in [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO&lt;&gt;sub2&lt;/sub&gt;]] emissions outside the countries taking domestic mitigation action divided by the reduction in the emissions of these countries.&quot;
&lt;ref name=barker&gt;{{citation | author=Barker, T. | title=11.7.2 Carbon leakage. In (book chapter): Mitigation from a cross-sectoral perspective. In (book): Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch11s11-7-2.html | year=2007 | editor=B. Metz | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503032254/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch11s11-7-2.html | publisher=Print version: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. This version: IPCC website | display-authors=etal | archive-date=2010-05-03 | access-date=2010-04-05 | display-editors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;
  It is expressed as a percentage, and can be greater or less than 100%. There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.
&lt;ref name=goldemberg&gt;{{cite book | author=Goldemberg, J. | url=https://archive.org/details/climatechange1990000unse_h1m9/page/27 |title=Introduction: scope of the assessment. In: Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | date=1996 | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. PDF version: IPCC website | isbn=978-0-521-56854-8 | editor=J.P. Bruce. | pages=[https://archive.org/details/climatechange1990000unse_h1m9/page/27 27–28] | format=PDF | display-authors=etal | display-editors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Carbon leakage may occur for a number of reasons: if the climate policies of a country raise local costs, then another country with more relaxed policies may have a trading advantage.  If demand for these goods remains the same, production may [[Offshoring|move offshore]] to the cheaper country with lower standards, and global emissions will not be reduced.  Moreover, if environmental policies in one country add a premium to certain fuels or commodities, then the demand may decline and their price may fall.  Countries that do not place a premium on those items may then take up the demand and use the same supply, negating any benefit.  In the case of transboundary economic activities such as maritime transport, carbon leakage can take various forms—for example, ships may call at intermediate ports to circumvent climate regulations or increase their sailing speed outside regulated zones, resulting in higher overall emissions.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{cite journal | last=Kotzampasakis | first=Manolis | last2=Wooley | first2=David R. | date=2025-11-03 | title=Mitigating carbon leakage in maritime transport | journal=WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs | language=en | doi=10.1007/s13437-025-00390-9 | issn=1654-1642 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Buntásc ==
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>9qwlncr02lr2kllsi2ix3or2g8pzhrh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332011</id>
      <parentid>1332010</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:37:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sceitheadh carbóin */</comment>
      <origin>1332011</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38991" sha1="68wogipn5nj58yko25q2nzx2krbi93r" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

== Ceanntásc ==

••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir

* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming 
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy


* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]

* [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]]
** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]]
*** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]


{| class= wikitable 
|+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s)

! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht
|-
| Grian
| [[Grianfhuinneamh]]
| [[Grianchumhacht]]
|-
| Gaoth
| [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]
| [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
|-
| Uisce
| [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]]
| [[Hidrileictreachas]]
|-
| Geo
| [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]]
| [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]
|-
| Bith
| [[Bithbhreosla]]
| [[]]
|-
| Tonn
| [[Fuinneamh toinne]]
| [[Cumhacht toinne]]
|}

== Ábhair ==
=== Cúiseanna ===
* [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]]
# [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]]
#* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]]
# ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]]
# Climate action
# Climate change denial


* [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]]

=== Aontas Eorpach ===
* [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], &lt;s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=&lt;/s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]

=== Náisiúin Aontaithe ===
* [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]]
* [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]]
* [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]]

=== Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar ===
* [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]], [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]], [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]]
# ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]]
# ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]]
#* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]]
# ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]]
#* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]
# ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]]
# ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]]

== ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' ==
&lt;ref name=iate /&gt;


== Role of climate change conferences 
'' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources.

'' The UN Climate Change Conferences&lt;ref name=uncc /&gt; serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts.

== Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! Bliain
! Ainm
! Tír, cathair óstach 
! Uachtarán
! Tír uachtaránachta
! Grúpa réigiúnach
|-
| 1995
| [[#1995|COP&amp;nbsp;1]]
| [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin
| [[Angela Merkel]]
| {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}}
| [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]]
|-
|1996
|[[#1996|COP&amp;nbsp;2]]
|[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis
|[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|[[Grúpa na hAfraice]]
|-
|1997
|[[#1997|COP&amp;nbsp;3]]
|[[Kyoto]], Japan
|[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|-
|1998
|[[#1998|COP&amp;nbsp;4]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[María Julia Alsogaray]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|1999
|[[#1999|COP&amp;nbsp;5]]
|[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin
|[[Jan Szyszko]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2000
|[[#2000|COP&amp;nbsp;6]]
|[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír
|[[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2001
|[[#2001|COP&amp;nbsp;6-2]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
| [[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]] 
|-
|2001
|[[#COP&amp;nbsp;7|COP&amp;nbsp;7]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2002
|[[#2002|COP&amp;nbsp;8]]
|[[New Delhi]], India
|[[T. R. Baalu]]
|{{flag|India}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2003
|[[#2003|COP&amp;nbsp;9]]
|[[Milan]], Italy
|[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2004
|[[#2004|COP&amp;nbsp;10]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[Ginés González García]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2005
|[[#2005|COP&amp;nbsp;11]]
|[[Montréal]], Canada
|[[Stéphane Dion]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2006
|[[#2006|COP&amp;nbsp;12]]
|[[Nairobi]], Kenya
|[[Kivutha Kibwana]]
|{{flag|Kenya}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2007
|[[#2007|COP&amp;nbsp;13]]
|[[Bali]], Indonesia
|[[Rachmat Witoelar]]
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2008
|[[#2008|COP&amp;nbsp;14]]
|[[Poznań]], Poland
|[[Maciej Nowicki]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2009
|[[#2009|COP&amp;nbsp;15]]
|[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark
|[[Connie Hedegaard]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2010
|[[#2010|COP&amp;nbsp;16]]
|[[Cancún]], Mexico
|[[Patricia Espinosa]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2011
|[[#2011|COP&amp;nbsp;17]]
|[[Durban]], South Africa
|[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2012
|[[#2012|COP&amp;nbsp;18]]
|[[Doha]], Qatar
|[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2013
|[[#2013|COP&amp;nbsp;19]]
|[[Warsaw]], Poland
|[[Marcin Korolec]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2014
|[[#2014|COP&amp;nbsp;20]]
|[[Líoma]], Peru
|[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2015
|[[#2015|COP&amp;nbsp;21]]
|[[Páras]], France
|[[Laurent Fabius]]
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2016
|[[#2016|COP&amp;nbsp;22]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Salaheddine Mezouar]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2017
|[[#2017|COP&amp;nbsp;23]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]&lt;ref name=unfccc2017 /&gt;
|{{flag|Fiji}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2018
|[[#2018|COP&amp;nbsp;24]]
|[[Katowice]], Poland
|[[Michał Kurtyka]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2019
|[[#2019|COP&amp;nbsp;25]]
|[[Maidrid]], Spain
|[[Carolina Schmidt]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|&lt;s&gt;2020&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;COP 26&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Glasgow, United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|Postponed due to COVID
|&lt;s&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Western Europe and Other Group&lt;/s&gt; 
|-
| 2021
|[[#2021|COP&amp;nbsp;26]]
|[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom
|[[Alok Sharma]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2022
|[[#2022|COP&amp;nbsp;27]]
|[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt
|[[Sameh Shoukry]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2023
|[[#2023|COP&amp;nbsp;28]]
|[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
|[[Sultan Al Jaber]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
| 2024
|[[#2024|COP&amp;nbsp;29]]
|[[Baku]], Azerbaijan
|[[Mukhtar Babayev]],
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
| 2025
|[[#2025|COP&amp;nbsp;30]]
|[[Belém]], Brazil
| [[André Corrêa do Lago]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
| 2026
|[[#2026|COP&amp;nbsp;31]]
|[[Antalya]], Turkey
|[[Murat Kurum]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2027
|[[#2027|COP&amp;nbsp;32]]
|[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
|[[Gedion Timothewos]]
&lt;ref name=ethiopia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2028
| [[#2028|COP&amp;nbsp;33]]
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|}


&lt;ref name=iate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=uncc&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=unfccc2017&gt;{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

== Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}


'' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].&lt;ref name=UIA /&gt;  The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=Latvia /&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=:4 /&gt;

== Structure 
The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.&lt;ref name=:6 /&gt;

== Ballraíocht 
The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot;/&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Ballstáit 
Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.95em;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:115px;&quot; | Tír
! Ballraíocht
! Nótaí
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Australia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1979&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Austria}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974
&lt;ref name=:5&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Belgium}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Canada}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5 February 2001&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Denmark}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Estonia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9 May 2014
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Finland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|France}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Germany}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Greece}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1976&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Hungary}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3 June 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Ireland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Italy}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Japan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Latvia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Lithuania}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2022
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Mexico}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2018
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Netherlands}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|New Zealand}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1977&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Norway}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member (under a special Agreement)&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Portugal}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1981&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Poland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |25 September 2008
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Slovakia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30 November 2007
&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|South Korea|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |20 April 2001
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris | archive-date=25 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Spain|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Sweden|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Switzerland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Turkey|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom|}}}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|United States|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Tíortha aontachais 
'' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat.
&lt;ref name=Scott1994&gt;{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 | access-date=3 Lúnasa 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:&lt;ref name=AccessionAssociate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries &amp; Regions | foilsitheoir = International Energy Agency | dátarochtana = 2026-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* {{Flag|Colombia}}
* {{Flag|Brazil}}
&lt;ref name=mre2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal = Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Chile|}}
* {{Flag|Costa Rica|}}
* {{Flag|Israel|}}
* {{Flag|Romania|an Rómáin}}

=== Association countries 
'' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot; /&gt; country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings.
&lt;ref name=iea2016&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
India officially declared its &quot;Association&quot; status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017.
&lt;ref name=iea2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,&lt;ref name=:2 /&gt;
&lt;ref name=thecanadian&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022.
&lt;ref name=aljazeera&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country.
&lt;ref name=brasilenergia&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-07-30 | teideal = Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' As of Deireadh Fómhair 2026, the IEA has 14 association countries:&lt;ref name=&quot;AccessionAssociate&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flag|Argentina|}}
* {{Flag|China|ag tSín}}
* {{Flag|Egypt|}}
* {{Flag|India|an Ind}}
* {{Flag|Indonesia|}}
* {{Flag|Kenya|}}
* {{Flag|Morocco|}}
* {{Flag|Nigeria|}}
* {{Flag|Senegal|}}
* {{Flag|Singapore|}}
* {{Flag|South Africa|an Afraic Theas}}
* {{Flag|Thailand|}}
* {{Flag|Ukraine|an Úcráin}}
* {{Flag|Vietnam|}}

== Areas of work 
'' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries.

=== Dáta 
=== Scenarios 
IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes:

* Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
&lt;ref name=ieaaps&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga =en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Net Zero Scenario (NZE)
&lt;ref name=ieanze&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=28 August 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:8 /&gt;

=== Key publications 
[[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf | mion | Tuairisc 2022 ar [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]]

* '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO)
* '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector'''
* '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) 
* '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO)
* '''Oil Market Report'''
* '''Electricity Market Report'''
* '''Gas Market Report'''
* '''Energy Efficiency'''
* '''Renewable Energy Market Update'''
* '''World Energy Investment'''
* '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress'''
* '''Country Reviews'''

== Cáineadh 
=== Bias against renewable energy 
[[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]]

'' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Mertens /&gt;

=== Accuracy of forecasting 
'' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. &lt;ref name=guardian2 /&gt;

=== Restricting access to data 
'' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, &quot;[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it&quot;.&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021 /&gt;  The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that &quot;countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding&quot;.&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;

'' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024 /&gt;

'' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.&lt;ref name=ieadataset /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=UIA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Latvia&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:4&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017&gt;[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017&gt;Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Mertens&gt;Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024&gt;{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ieadataset&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:6&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

== Sceitheadh carbóin ==


'' '''Carbon leakage''' is a concept to quantify an increase in [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] in one country as a result of an [[Air pollution|emissions reduction]] by a second country with stricter [[maolú an athraithe aeráide]] policies.&lt;ref name=Cala2014 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Naegele2017 /&gt;

'' Carbon leakage is one type of [[spill-over effect]].  Spill-over effects can be positive or negative;&lt;ref name=ipccglossary /&gt; for example, emission reductions policy might lead to technological developments that aid reductions outside of the policy area.  Carbon leakage can be defined as &quot;the increase in [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO&lt;&gt;sub2&lt;/sub&gt;]] emissions outside the countries taking domestic mitigation action divided by the reduction in the emissions of these countries.&quot;&lt;ref name=barker /&gt;  It is expressed as a percentage, and can be greater or less than 100%. There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.&lt;ref name=goldemberg /&gt;

'' Carbon leakage may occur for a number of reasons: if the climate policies of a country raise local costs, then another country with more relaxed policies may have a trading advantage.  If demand for these goods remains the same, production may [[Offshoring|move offshore]] to the cheaper country with lower standards, and global emissions will not be reduced.  Moreover, if environmental policies in one country add a premium to certain fuels or commodities, then the demand may decline and their price may fall.  Countries that do not place a premium on those items may then take up the demand and use the same supply, negating any benefit.  In the case of transboundary economic activities such as maritime transport, carbon leakage can take various forms—for example, ships may call at intermediate ports to circumvent climate regulations or increase their sailing speed outside regulated zones, resulting in higher overall emissions.
&lt;ref name=Kotzampasakis2025&gt;{{cite journal | last=Kotzampasakis | first=Manolis | last2=Wooley | first2=David R. | date=2025-11-03 | title=Mitigating carbon leakage in maritime transport | journal=WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs | language=en | doi=10.1007/s13437-025-00390-9 | issn=1654-1642 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=Cala2014&gt;{{citation | title=Emissions Loophole Stays Open in E.U. | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/19/business/energy-environment/emissions-loophole-stays-open-in-eu.html | access-date=1 April 2015 | author=Andrés Cala | work=The New York Times | date=18 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Naegele2017&gt;{{Cite journal | last=Naegele | first=Helene | last2=Zaklan | first2=Aleksandar | date=2017 | title=Does the EU ETS Cause Carbon Leakage in European Manufacturing? | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | doi=10.2139/ssrn.3050323 | issn=1556-5068 | hdl=10419/171309 | hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ipccglossary&gt;{{citation | author=IPCC | title=Glossary A-D. In (section): Annex I. In (book): Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | url=https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-annex1.pdf | year=2007 | editor=B. Metz | publisher=Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A. | access-date=2010-04-18 | display-editors=etal | archive-date=2018-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820143749/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-annex1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=barker&gt;{{citation | author=Barker, T. | title=11.7.2 Carbon leakage. In (book chapter): Mitigation from a cross-sectoral perspective. In (book): Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch11s11-7-2.html | year=2007 | editor=B. Metz | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503032254/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch11s11-7-2.html | publisher=Print version: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. This version: IPCC website | display-authors=etal | archive-date=2010-05-03 | access-date=2010-04-05 | display-editors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=goldemberg&gt;{{cite book | author=Goldemberg, J. | url=https://archive.org/details/climatechange1990000unse_h1m9/page/27 | title=Introduction: scope of the assessment. In: Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | date=1996 | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. PDF version: IPCC website | isbn=978-0-521-56854-8 | editor=J.P. Bruce. | pages=[https://archive.org/details/climatechange1990000unse_h1m9/page/27 27–28] | format=PDF | display-authors=etal | display-editors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

== Buntásc ==
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>68wogipn5nj58yko25q2nzx2krbi93r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332015</id>
      <parentid>1332011</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:14:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sceitheadh carbóin */</comment>
      <origin>1332015</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39022" sha1="anb4c476w4f2u96jhgvnl5isw3l38vr" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

== Ceanntásc ==

••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir

* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming 
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy


* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]

* [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]]
** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]]
*** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]


{| class= wikitable 
|+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s)

! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht
|-
| Grian
| [[Grianfhuinneamh]]
| [[Grianchumhacht]]
|-
| Gaoth
| [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]
| [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
|-
| Uisce
| [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]]
| [[Hidrileictreachas]]
|-
| Geo
| [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]]
| [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]
|-
| Bith
| [[Bithbhreosla]]
| [[]]
|-
| Tonn
| [[Fuinneamh toinne]]
| [[Cumhacht toinne]]
|}

== Ábhair ==
=== Cúiseanna ===
* [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]]
# [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]]
#* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]]
# ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]]
# Climate action
# Climate change denial


* [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]]

=== Aontas Eorpach ===
* [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], &lt;s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=&lt;/s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]

=== Náisiúin Aontaithe ===
* [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]]
* [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]]
* [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]]

=== Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar ===
* [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]], [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]], [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]]
# ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]]
# ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]]
#* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]]
# ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]]
#* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]
# ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]]
# ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]]

== ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' ==
&lt;ref name=iate /&gt;


== Role of climate change conferences 
'' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources.

'' The UN Climate Change Conferences&lt;ref name=uncc /&gt; serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts.

== Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! Bliain
! Ainm
! Tír, cathair óstach 
! Uachtarán
! Tír uachtaránachta
! Grúpa réigiúnach
|-
| 1995
| [[#1995|COP&amp;nbsp;1]]
| [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin
| [[Angela Merkel]]
| {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}}
| [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]]
|-
|1996
|[[#1996|COP&amp;nbsp;2]]
|[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis
|[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|[[Grúpa na hAfraice]]
|-
|1997
|[[#1997|COP&amp;nbsp;3]]
|[[Kyoto]], Japan
|[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|-
|1998
|[[#1998|COP&amp;nbsp;4]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[María Julia Alsogaray]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|1999
|[[#1999|COP&amp;nbsp;5]]
|[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin
|[[Jan Szyszko]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2000
|[[#2000|COP&amp;nbsp;6]]
|[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír
|[[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2001
|[[#2001|COP&amp;nbsp;6-2]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
| [[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]] 
|-
|2001
|[[#COP&amp;nbsp;7|COP&amp;nbsp;7]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2002
|[[#2002|COP&amp;nbsp;8]]
|[[New Delhi]], India
|[[T. R. Baalu]]
|{{flag|India}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2003
|[[#2003|COP&amp;nbsp;9]]
|[[Milan]], Italy
|[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2004
|[[#2004|COP&amp;nbsp;10]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[Ginés González García]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2005
|[[#2005|COP&amp;nbsp;11]]
|[[Montréal]], Canada
|[[Stéphane Dion]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2006
|[[#2006|COP&amp;nbsp;12]]
|[[Nairobi]], Kenya
|[[Kivutha Kibwana]]
|{{flag|Kenya}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2007
|[[#2007|COP&amp;nbsp;13]]
|[[Bali]], Indonesia
|[[Rachmat Witoelar]]
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2008
|[[#2008|COP&amp;nbsp;14]]
|[[Poznań]], Poland
|[[Maciej Nowicki]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2009
|[[#2009|COP&amp;nbsp;15]]
|[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark
|[[Connie Hedegaard]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2010
|[[#2010|COP&amp;nbsp;16]]
|[[Cancún]], Mexico
|[[Patricia Espinosa]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2011
|[[#2011|COP&amp;nbsp;17]]
|[[Durban]], South Africa
|[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2012
|[[#2012|COP&amp;nbsp;18]]
|[[Doha]], Qatar
|[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2013
|[[#2013|COP&amp;nbsp;19]]
|[[Warsaw]], Poland
|[[Marcin Korolec]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2014
|[[#2014|COP&amp;nbsp;20]]
|[[Líoma]], Peru
|[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2015
|[[#2015|COP&amp;nbsp;21]]
|[[Páras]], France
|[[Laurent Fabius]]
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2016
|[[#2016|COP&amp;nbsp;22]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Salaheddine Mezouar]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2017
|[[#2017|COP&amp;nbsp;23]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]&lt;ref name=unfccc2017 /&gt;
|{{flag|Fiji}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2018
|[[#2018|COP&amp;nbsp;24]]
|[[Katowice]], Poland
|[[Michał Kurtyka]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2019
|[[#2019|COP&amp;nbsp;25]]
|[[Maidrid]], Spain
|[[Carolina Schmidt]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|&lt;s&gt;2020&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;COP 26&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Glasgow, United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|Postponed due to COVID
|&lt;s&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Western Europe and Other Group&lt;/s&gt; 
|-
| 2021
|[[#2021|COP&amp;nbsp;26]]
|[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom
|[[Alok Sharma]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2022
|[[#2022|COP&amp;nbsp;27]]
|[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt
|[[Sameh Shoukry]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2023
|[[#2023|COP&amp;nbsp;28]]
|[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
|[[Sultan Al Jaber]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
| 2024
|[[#2024|COP&amp;nbsp;29]]
|[[Baku]], Azerbaijan
|[[Mukhtar Babayev]],
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
| 2025
|[[#2025|COP&amp;nbsp;30]]
|[[Belém]], Brazil
| [[André Corrêa do Lago]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
| 2026
|[[#2026|COP&amp;nbsp;31]]
|[[Antalya]], Turkey
|[[Murat Kurum]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2027
|[[#2027|COP&amp;nbsp;32]]
|[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
|[[Gedion Timothewos]]
&lt;ref name=ethiopia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2028
| [[#2028|COP&amp;nbsp;33]]
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|}


&lt;ref name=iate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=uncc&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=unfccc2017&gt;{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

== Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}


'' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].&lt;ref name=UIA /&gt;  The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=Latvia /&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=:4 /&gt;

== Structure 
The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.&lt;ref name=:6 /&gt;

== Ballraíocht 
The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot;/&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Ballstáit 
Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.95em;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:115px;&quot; | Tír
! Ballraíocht
! Nótaí
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Australia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1979&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Austria}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974
&lt;ref name=:5&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Belgium}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Canada}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5 February 2001&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Denmark}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Estonia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9 May 2014
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Finland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|France}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Germany}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Greece}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1976&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Hungary}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3 June 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Ireland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Italy}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Japan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Latvia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Lithuania}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2022
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Mexico}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2018
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Netherlands}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|New Zealand}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1977&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Norway}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member (under a special Agreement)&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Portugal}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1981&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Poland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |25 September 2008
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Slovakia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30 November 2007
&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|South Korea|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |20 April 2001
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris | archive-date=25 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Spain|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Sweden|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Switzerland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Turkey|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom|}}}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|United States|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Tíortha aontachais 
'' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat.
&lt;ref name=Scott1994&gt;{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 | access-date=3 Lúnasa 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:&lt;ref name=AccessionAssociate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries &amp; Regions | foilsitheoir = International Energy Agency | dátarochtana = 2026-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* {{Flag|Colombia}}
* {{Flag|Brazil}}
&lt;ref name=mre2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal = Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Chile|}}
* {{Flag|Costa Rica|}}
* {{Flag|Israel|}}
* {{Flag|Romania|an Rómáin}}

=== Association countries 
'' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot; /&gt; country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings.
&lt;ref name=iea2016&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
India officially declared its &quot;Association&quot; status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017.
&lt;ref name=iea2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,&lt;ref name=:2 /&gt;
&lt;ref name=thecanadian&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022.
&lt;ref name=aljazeera&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country.
&lt;ref name=brasilenergia&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-07-30 | teideal = Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' As of Deireadh Fómhair 2026, the IEA has 14 association countries:&lt;ref name=&quot;AccessionAssociate&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flag|Argentina|}}
* {{Flag|China|ag tSín}}
* {{Flag|Egypt|}}
* {{Flag|India|an Ind}}
* {{Flag|Indonesia|}}
* {{Flag|Kenya|}}
* {{Flag|Morocco|}}
* {{Flag|Nigeria|}}
* {{Flag|Senegal|}}
* {{Flag|Singapore|}}
* {{Flag|South Africa|an Afraic Theas}}
* {{Flag|Thailand|}}
* {{Flag|Ukraine|an Úcráin}}
* {{Flag|Vietnam|}}

== Areas of work 
'' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries.

=== Dáta 
=== Scenarios 
IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes:

* Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
&lt;ref name=ieaaps&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga =en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Net Zero Scenario (NZE)
&lt;ref name=ieanze&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=28 August 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:8 /&gt;

=== Key publications 
[[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf | mion | Tuairisc 2022 ar [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]]

* '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO)
* '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector'''
* '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) 
* '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO)
* '''Oil Market Report'''
* '''Electricity Market Report'''
* '''Gas Market Report'''
* '''Energy Efficiency'''
* '''Renewable Energy Market Update'''
* '''World Energy Investment'''
* '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress'''
* '''Country Reviews'''

== Cáineadh 
=== Bias against renewable energy 
[[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]]

'' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Mertens /&gt;

=== Accuracy of forecasting 
'' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. &lt;ref name=guardian2 /&gt;

=== Restricting access to data 
'' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, &quot;[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it&quot;.&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021 /&gt;  The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that &quot;countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding&quot;.&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;

'' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024 /&gt;

'' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.&lt;ref name=ieadataset /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=UIA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Latvia&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:4&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017&gt;[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017&gt;Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Mertens&gt;Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024&gt;{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ieadataset&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:6&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

== Sceitheadh carbóin ==


'' '''Carbon leakage''' is a concept to quantify an increase in [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] in one country as a result of an [[Air pollution|emissions reduction]] by a second country with stricter [[maolú an athraithe aeráide]] policies.&lt;ref name=Cala2014 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Naegele2017 /&gt;

'' Carbon leakage is one type of [[spill-over effect]].  Spill-over effects can be positive or negative;&lt;ref name=ipccglossary /&gt; for example, emission reductions policy might lead to technological developments that aid reductions outside of the policy area.  Carbon leakage can be defined as &quot;the increase in [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO&lt;&gt;sub2&lt;/sub&gt;]] emissions outside the countries taking domestic mitigation action divided by the reduction in the emissions of these countries.&quot;&lt;ref name=barker /&gt;  It is expressed as a percentage, and can be greater or less than 100%. There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.&lt;ref name=goldemberg /&gt;

'' Carbon leakage may occur for a number of reasons: if the climate policies of a country raise local costs, then another country with more relaxed policies may have a trading advantage.  If demand for these goods remains the same, production may [[Offshoring|move offshore]] to the cheaper country with lower standards, and global emissions will not be reduced.  Moreover, if environmental policies in one country add a premium to certain fuels or commodities, then the demand may decline and their price may fall.  Countries that do not place a premium on those items may then take up the demand and use the same supply, negating any benefit.  In the case of transboundary economic activities such as maritime transport, carbon leakage can take various forms—for example, ships may call at intermediate ports to circumvent climate regulations or increase their sailing speed outside regulated zones, resulting in higher overall emissions.&lt;ref name=Kotzampasakis2025 /&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=Cala2014&gt;{{citation | title=Emissions Loophole Stays Open in E.U. | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/19/business/energy-environment/emissions-loophole-stays-open-in-eu.html | access-date=1 April 2015 | author=Andrés Cala | work=The New York Times | date=18 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Naegele2017&gt;{{Cite journal | last=Naegele | first=Helene | last2=Zaklan | first2=Aleksandar | date=2017 | title=Does the EU ETS Cause Carbon Leakage in European Manufacturing? | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | doi=10.2139/ssrn.3050323 | issn=1556-5068 | hdl=10419/171309 | hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ipccglossary&gt;{{citation | author=IPCC | title=Glossary A-D. In (section): Annex I. In (book): Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | url=https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-annex1.pdf | year=2007 | editor=B. Metz | publisher=Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A. | access-date=2010-04-18 | display-editors=etal | archive-date=2018-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820143749/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-annex1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=barker&gt;{{citation | author=Barker, T. | title=11.7.2 Carbon leakage. In (book chapter): Mitigation from a cross-sectoral perspective. In (book): Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch11s11-7-2.html | year=2007 | editor=B. Metz | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503032254/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch11s11-7-2.html | publisher=Print version: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. This version: IPCC website | display-authors=etal | archive-date=2010-05-03 | access-date=2010-04-05 | display-editors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=goldemberg&gt;{{cite book | author=Goldemberg, J. | url=https://archive.org/details/climatechange1990000unse_h1m9/page/27 | title=Introduction: scope of the assessment. In: Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | date=1996 | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. PDF version: IPCC website | isbn=978-0-521-56854-8 | editor=J.P. Bruce. | pages=[https://archive.org/details/climatechange1990000unse_h1m9/page/27 27–28] | format=PDF | display-authors=etal | display-editors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Kotzampasakis2025&gt;{{cite journal | last=Kotzampasakis | first=Manolis | last2=Wooley | first2=David R. | date=2025-11-03 | title=Mitigating carbon leakage in maritime transport | journal=WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs | language=en | doi=10.1007/s13437-025-00390-9 | issn=1654-1642 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Buntásc ==
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>anb4c476w4f2u96jhgvnl5isw3l38vr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332017</id>
      <parentid>1332015</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:19:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sceitheadh carbóin */</comment>
      <origin>1332017</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38564" sha1="4y4ts7su1vhpeg85qk2w87kybzlj9oh" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

== Ceanntásc ==

••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir

* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming 
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy


* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]

* [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]]
** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]]
*** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]


{| class= wikitable 
|+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s)

! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht
|-
| Grian
| [[Grianfhuinneamh]]
| [[Grianchumhacht]]
|-
| Gaoth
| [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]
| [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
|-
| Uisce
| [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]]
| [[Hidrileictreachas]]
|-
| Geo
| [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]]
| [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]
|-
| Bith
| [[Bithbhreosla]]
| [[]]
|-
| Tonn
| [[Fuinneamh toinne]]
| [[Cumhacht toinne]]
|}

== Ábhair ==
=== Cúiseanna ===
* [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]]
# [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]]
#* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]]
# ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]]
# Climate action
# Climate change denial


* [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]]

=== Aontas Eorpach ===
* [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], &lt;s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=&lt;/s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]

=== Náisiúin Aontaithe ===
* [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]]
* [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]]
* [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]]

=== Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar ===
* [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]], [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]], [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]]
# ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]]
# ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]]
#* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]]
# ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]]
#* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]
# ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]]
# ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]]

== ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' ==
&lt;ref name=iate /&gt;


== Role of climate change conferences 
'' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources.

'' The UN Climate Change Conferences&lt;ref name=uncc /&gt; serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts.

== Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! Bliain
! Ainm
! Tír, cathair óstach 
! Uachtarán
! Tír uachtaránachta
! Grúpa réigiúnach
|-
| 1995
| [[#1995|COP&amp;nbsp;1]]
| [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin
| [[Angela Merkel]]
| {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}}
| [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]]
|-
|1996
|[[#1996|COP&amp;nbsp;2]]
|[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis
|[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|[[Grúpa na hAfraice]]
|-
|1997
|[[#1997|COP&amp;nbsp;3]]
|[[Kyoto]], Japan
|[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|-
|1998
|[[#1998|COP&amp;nbsp;4]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[María Julia Alsogaray]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|1999
|[[#1999|COP&amp;nbsp;5]]
|[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin
|[[Jan Szyszko]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2000
|[[#2000|COP&amp;nbsp;6]]
|[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír
|[[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2001
|[[#2001|COP&amp;nbsp;6-2]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
| [[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]] 
|-
|2001
|[[#COP&amp;nbsp;7|COP&amp;nbsp;7]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2002
|[[#2002|COP&amp;nbsp;8]]
|[[New Delhi]], India
|[[T. R. Baalu]]
|{{flag|India}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2003
|[[#2003|COP&amp;nbsp;9]]
|[[Milan]], Italy
|[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2004
|[[#2004|COP&amp;nbsp;10]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[Ginés González García]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2005
|[[#2005|COP&amp;nbsp;11]]
|[[Montréal]], Canada
|[[Stéphane Dion]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2006
|[[#2006|COP&amp;nbsp;12]]
|[[Nairobi]], Kenya
|[[Kivutha Kibwana]]
|{{flag|Kenya}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2007
|[[#2007|COP&amp;nbsp;13]]
|[[Bali]], Indonesia
|[[Rachmat Witoelar]]
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2008
|[[#2008|COP&amp;nbsp;14]]
|[[Poznań]], Poland
|[[Maciej Nowicki]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2009
|[[#2009|COP&amp;nbsp;15]]
|[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark
|[[Connie Hedegaard]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2010
|[[#2010|COP&amp;nbsp;16]]
|[[Cancún]], Mexico
|[[Patricia Espinosa]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2011
|[[#2011|COP&amp;nbsp;17]]
|[[Durban]], South Africa
|[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2012
|[[#2012|COP&amp;nbsp;18]]
|[[Doha]], Qatar
|[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2013
|[[#2013|COP&amp;nbsp;19]]
|[[Warsaw]], Poland
|[[Marcin Korolec]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2014
|[[#2014|COP&amp;nbsp;20]]
|[[Líoma]], Peru
|[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2015
|[[#2015|COP&amp;nbsp;21]]
|[[Páras]], France
|[[Laurent Fabius]]
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2016
|[[#2016|COP&amp;nbsp;22]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Salaheddine Mezouar]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2017
|[[#2017|COP&amp;nbsp;23]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]&lt;ref name=unfccc2017 /&gt;
|{{flag|Fiji}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2018
|[[#2018|COP&amp;nbsp;24]]
|[[Katowice]], Poland
|[[Michał Kurtyka]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2019
|[[#2019|COP&amp;nbsp;25]]
|[[Maidrid]], Spain
|[[Carolina Schmidt]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|&lt;s&gt;2020&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;COP 26&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Glasgow, United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|Postponed due to COVID
|&lt;s&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Western Europe and Other Group&lt;/s&gt; 
|-
| 2021
|[[#2021|COP&amp;nbsp;26]]
|[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom
|[[Alok Sharma]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2022
|[[#2022|COP&amp;nbsp;27]]
|[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt
|[[Sameh Shoukry]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2023
|[[#2023|COP&amp;nbsp;28]]
|[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
|[[Sultan Al Jaber]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
| 2024
|[[#2024|COP&amp;nbsp;29]]
|[[Baku]], Azerbaijan
|[[Mukhtar Babayev]],
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
| 2025
|[[#2025|COP&amp;nbsp;30]]
|[[Belém]], Brazil
| [[André Corrêa do Lago]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
| 2026
|[[#2026|COP&amp;nbsp;31]]
|[[Antalya]], Turkey
|[[Murat Kurum]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2027
|[[#2027|COP&amp;nbsp;32]]
|[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
|[[Gedion Timothewos]]
&lt;ref name=ethiopia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2028
| [[#2028|COP&amp;nbsp;33]]
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|}


&lt;ref name=iate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=uncc&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=unfccc2017&gt;{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

== Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}


'' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].&lt;ref name=UIA /&gt;  The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=Latvia /&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=:4 /&gt;

== Structure 
The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.&lt;ref name=:6 /&gt;

== Ballraíocht 
The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot;/&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Ballstáit 
Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.95em;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:115px;&quot; | Tír
! Ballraíocht
! Nótaí
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Australia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1979&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Austria}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974
&lt;ref name=:5&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Belgium}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Canada}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5 February 2001&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Denmark}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Estonia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9 May 2014
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Finland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|France}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Germany}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Greece}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1976&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Hungary}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3 June 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Ireland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Italy}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Japan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Latvia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Lithuania}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2022
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Mexico}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2018
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Netherlands}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|New Zealand}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1977&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Norway}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member (under a special Agreement)&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Portugal}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1981&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Poland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |25 September 2008
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Slovakia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30 November 2007
&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|South Korea|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |20 April 2001
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris | archive-date=25 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Spain|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Sweden|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Switzerland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Turkey|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom|}}}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|United States|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Tíortha aontachais 
'' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat.
&lt;ref name=Scott1994&gt;{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 | access-date=3 Lúnasa 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:&lt;ref name=AccessionAssociate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries &amp; Regions | foilsitheoir = International Energy Agency | dátarochtana = 2026-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* {{Flag|Colombia}}
* {{Flag|Brazil}}
&lt;ref name=mre2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal = Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Chile|}}
* {{Flag|Costa Rica|}}
* {{Flag|Israel|}}
* {{Flag|Romania|an Rómáin}}

=== Association countries 
'' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot; /&gt; country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings.
&lt;ref name=iea2016&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
India officially declared its &quot;Association&quot; status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017.
&lt;ref name=iea2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,&lt;ref name=:2 /&gt;
&lt;ref name=thecanadian&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022.
&lt;ref name=aljazeera&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country.
&lt;ref name=brasilenergia&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-07-30 | teideal = Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' As of Deireadh Fómhair 2026, the IEA has 14 association countries:&lt;ref name=&quot;AccessionAssociate&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flag|Argentina|}}
* {{Flag|China|ag tSín}}
* {{Flag|Egypt|}}
* {{Flag|India|an Ind}}
* {{Flag|Indonesia|}}
* {{Flag|Kenya|}}
* {{Flag|Morocco|}}
* {{Flag|Nigeria|}}
* {{Flag|Senegal|}}
* {{Flag|Singapore|}}
* {{Flag|South Africa|an Afraic Theas}}
* {{Flag|Thailand|}}
* {{Flag|Ukraine|an Úcráin}}
* {{Flag|Vietnam|}}

== Areas of work 
'' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries.

=== Dáta 
=== Scenarios 
IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes:

* Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
&lt;ref name=ieaaps&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga =en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Net Zero Scenario (NZE)
&lt;ref name=ieanze&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=28 August 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:8 /&gt;

=== Key publications 
[[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf | mion | Tuairisc 2022 ar [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]]

* '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO)
* '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector'''
* '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) 
* '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO)
* '''Oil Market Report'''
* '''Electricity Market Report'''
* '''Gas Market Report'''
* '''Energy Efficiency'''
* '''Renewable Energy Market Update'''
* '''World Energy Investment'''
* '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress'''
* '''Country Reviews'''

== Cáineadh 
=== Bias against renewable energy 
[[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]]

'' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Mertens /&gt;

=== Accuracy of forecasting 
'' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. &lt;ref name=guardian2 /&gt;

=== Restricting access to data 
'' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, &quot;[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it&quot;.&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021 /&gt;  The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that &quot;countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding&quot;.&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;

'' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024 /&gt;

'' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.&lt;ref name=ieadataset /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=UIA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Latvia&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:4&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017&gt;[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017&gt;Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Mertens&gt;Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024&gt;{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ieadataset&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:6&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

== Sceitheadh carbóin ==


'' '''Carbon leakage''' is a concept to quantify an increase in [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] in one country as a result of an [[Air pollution|emissions reduction]] by a second country with stricter [[maolú an athraithe aeráide]] policies.&lt;ref name=Cala2014 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Naegele2017 /&gt;

'' Carbon leakage is one type of [[spill-over effect]].  Spill-over effects can be positive or negative;&lt;ref name=ipccglossary /&gt; for example, emission reductions policy might lead to technological developments that aid reductions outside of the policy area.  Carbon leakage can be defined as &quot;the increase in [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO&lt;&gt;sub2&lt;/sub&gt;]] emissions outside the countries taking domestic mitigation action divided by the reduction in the emissions of these countries.&quot;&lt;ref name=barker /&gt;  It is expressed as a percentage, and can be greater or less than 100%. There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.&lt;ref name=goldemberg /&gt;

'' Carbon leakage may occur for a number of reasons: if the climate policies of a country raise local costs, then another country with more relaxed policies may have a trading advantage.  In the case of transboundary economic activities such as maritime transport, carbon leakage can take various forms.  for example, ships may call at intermediate ports to circumvent climate regulations or increase their sailing speed outside regulated zones, resulting in higher overall emissions.&lt;ref name=Kotzampasakis2025 /&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=Cala2014&gt;{{citation | title=Emissions Loophole Stays Open in E.U. | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/19/business/energy-environment/emissions-loophole-stays-open-in-eu.html | access-date=1 April 2015 | author=Andrés Cala | work=The New York Times | date=18 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Naegele2017&gt;{{Cite journal | last=Naegele | first=Helene | last2=Zaklan | first2=Aleksandar | date=2017 | title=Does the EU ETS Cause Carbon Leakage in European Manufacturing? | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | doi=10.2139/ssrn.3050323 | issn=1556-5068 | hdl=10419/171309 | hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ipccglossary&gt;{{citation | author=IPCC | title=Glossary A-D. In (section): Annex I. In (book): Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | url=https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-annex1.pdf | year=2007 | editor=B. Metz | publisher=Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A. | access-date=2010-04-18 | display-editors=etal | archive-date=2018-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820143749/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-annex1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=barker&gt;{{citation | author=Barker, T. | title=11.7.2 Carbon leakage. In (book chapter): Mitigation from a cross-sectoral perspective. In (book): Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch11s11-7-2.html | year=2007 | editor=B. Metz | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503032254/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch11s11-7-2.html | publisher=Print version: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. This version: IPCC website | display-authors=etal | archive-date=2010-05-03 | access-date=2010-04-05 | display-editors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=goldemberg&gt;{{cite book | author=Goldemberg, J. | url=https://archive.org/details/climatechange1990000unse_h1m9/page/27 | title=Introduction: scope of the assessment. In: Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | date=1996 | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. PDF version: IPCC website | isbn=978-0-521-56854-8 | editor=J.P. Bruce. | pages=[https://archive.org/details/climatechange1990000unse_h1m9/page/27 27–28] | format=PDF | display-authors=etal | display-editors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Kotzampasakis2025&gt;{{cite journal | last=Kotzampasakis | first=Manolis | last2=Wooley | first2=David R. | date=2025-11-03 | title=Mitigating carbon leakage in maritime transport | journal=WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs | language=en | doi=10.1007/s13437-025-00390-9 | issn=1654-1642 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Buntásc ==
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>4y4ts7su1vhpeg85qk2w87kybzlj9oh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332020</id>
      <parentid>1332017</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:51:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sceitheadh carbóin */</comment>
      <origin>1332020</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38584" sha1="oodiu5kcan0zrhpzxavbmrwl22hf0mk" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

== Ceanntásc ==

••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir

* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming 
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] '' Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy


* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
** [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]

* [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh]]
** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]]
*** [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghréine]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
**** [[:Catagóir:Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]


{| class= wikitable 
|+ Fuinneamh (J) nó cumhacht (W = J/s)

! Cineál !! Fuinneamh !! Cumhacht
|-
| Grian
| [[Grianfhuinneamh]]
| [[Grianchumhacht]]
|-
| Gaoth
| [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]
| [[Cumhacht ghaoithe]]
|-
| Uisce
| [[Fuinneamh hiodrálach]]
| [[Hidrileictreachas]]
|-
| Geo
| [[Fuinneamh geoiteirmeach]]
| [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]]
|-
| Bith
| [[Bithbhreosla]]
| [[]]
|-
| Tonn
| [[Fuinneamh toinne]]
| [[Cumhacht toinne]]
|}

== Ábhair ==
=== Cúiseanna ===
* [[Gás ceaptha teasa]], [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]]
# [[Astaíochtaí dé-ocsaíd charbóin]]
#* [[Astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]], [[Lorg carbóin]], [[Poitéinseal téimh dhomhanda]], [[Buiséad fuinnimh an Domhain]], [[Buiséad teasa inmheánaigh an Domhain]], [[Córas aeráide]], [[Fórsáil radantach]]
# ''[[:en:Effects of climate change|Effects of climate change]]'' - [[Éifeachtaí an athraithe aeráide]]
# Climate action
# Climate change denial


* [[:Catagóir:Aeráid]] vs [[:Catagóir:Aimsir]]

=== Aontas Eorpach ===
* [[:Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach agus an comhshaol]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Beartas comhshaoil san AE]] &amp;#8658; [[:Catagóir:Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], &lt;s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas Don Eoraip]]=&lt;/s&gt;an [[Comhaontú Glas don Eoraip]], [[Cláir Réime um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch]], [[Fís 2020]], [[Fís Eorpach]], [[Clár LIFE]], [[Oiriúnach do 55]], [[Sásra um Choigeartú Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]=[[Sásra Coigeartaithe Carbóin ar Theorainneacha an AE]]

=== Náisiúin Aontaithe ===
* [[ Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide]]
* [[ Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch]]
* [[Prótacal Cartagena ar an mBithshábháilteacht]]=[[Prótacal Cartagena]], [[Prótacal Nagoya]]

=== Teicneolaíocht agus geilleagar ===
* [[Fuinneamh in-athnuaite]], [[Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh inbhuanaithe]], [[:Catagóir:Fuinneamh gheoiteirmeach]], [[Cumhacht gheoiteirmeach]], [[Téamh geoiteirmeach]], [[Fuinneamh gaoithe]]=[[Cumhacht ghaoithe]], [[Cumhacht toinne]]=[[Cumhacht na dtonnta]], [[Neodracht carbóin]]=[[Astaíochtaí glan-nialais]], [[Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]], [[Tairif carbóin]], [[Praghsáil carbóin]]
# ''[[:en:Carbon leakage|Carbon leakage]]'' - [[Sceitheadh carbóin]]
# ''[[:en: Carbon capture and storage| Carbon capture and storage]]'' - [[Gabháil agus stóráil carbóin]]
#* [[Geilleagar ciorclach]]
# ''[[:en:International Energy Agency|International Energy Agency]]'' - [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh]]
#* [[an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]
# ''[[:en:Toxic waste|Toxic waste]]'' - [[Dramhaíl nimhiúil]]
# ''[[:en:Public transport|Public transport]]'' - [[Iompar poiblí]]

== ''Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide'' ==
&lt;ref name=iate /&gt;


== Role of climate change conferences 
'' Member states of the UNFCCC meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in combating climate change. COP provides a platform for governments, NGOs, and the private sector to collaborate and determine strategies for global climate policy and action. These conferences offer an opportunity to discuss climate governance measures, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the transition to more sustainable energy sources.

'' The UN Climate Change Conferences&lt;ref name=uncc /&gt; serve as key forums for shaping global policy, where representatives of various countries jointly address the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and support states in enhancing their resilience to climate impacts.

== Liosta de chomhdhálaí, uachtaráin agus áiteanna 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible&quot;
! Bliain
! Ainm
! Tír, cathair óstach 
! Uachtarán
! Tír uachtaránachta
! Grúpa réigiúnach
|-
| 1995
| [[#1995|COP&amp;nbsp;1]]
| [[Berlin]], an Ghearmáin
| [[Angela Merkel]]
| {{flag|Germany|An Ghearmáin}}
| [[Grúpa Iarthair na hEorpa agus Eile]]
|-
|1996
|[[#1996|COP&amp;nbsp;2]]
|[[An Ghinéiv]], an Eilvéis
|[[Chenhamo Chimutengwende|Chen Chimutengwende]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|[[Grúpa na hAfraice]]
|-
|1997
|[[#1997|COP&amp;nbsp;3]]
|[[Kyoto]], Japan
|[[:ja:大木浩|Hiroshi Ohki]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|-
|1998
|[[#1998|COP&amp;nbsp;4]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[María Julia Alsogaray]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|1999
|[[#1999|COP&amp;nbsp;5]]
|[[Bonn]], an Ghearmáin
|[[Jan Szyszko]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2000
|[[#2000|COP&amp;nbsp;6]]
|[[An Háig]], an Ísiltír
|[[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2001
|[[#2001|COP&amp;nbsp;6-2]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
| [[Jan Pronk]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]] 
|-
|2001
|[[#COP&amp;nbsp;7|COP&amp;nbsp;7]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Mohamed El Yazghi|Mohamed Elyazghi]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2002
|[[#2002|COP&amp;nbsp;8]]
|[[New Delhi]], India
|[[T. R. Baalu]]
|{{flag|India}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2003
|[[#2003|COP&amp;nbsp;9]]
|[[Milan]], Italy
|[[:hu:Persányi Miklós|Miklós Persányi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enb.iisd.org/climate/cop9/1mon.html|title=ENB @ UNFCCC COP-9, Milan, Italy, 1-12 December 2003|website=enb.iisd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2004
|[[#2004|COP&amp;nbsp;10]]
|[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
|[[Ginés González García]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2005
|[[#2005|COP&amp;nbsp;11]]
|[[Montréal]], Canada
|[[Stéphane Dion]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2006
|[[#2006|COP&amp;nbsp;12]]
|[[Nairobi]], Kenya
|[[Kivutha Kibwana]]
|{{flag|Kenya}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2007
|[[#2007|COP&amp;nbsp;13]]
|[[Bali]], Indonesia
|[[Rachmat Witoelar]]
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2008
|[[#2008|COP&amp;nbsp;14]]
|[[Poznań]], Poland
|[[Maciej Nowicki]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2009
|[[#2009|COP&amp;nbsp;15]]
|[[Cóbanhávan]], Denmark
|[[Connie Hedegaard]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2010
|[[#2010|COP&amp;nbsp;16]]
|[[Cancún]], Mexico
|[[Patricia Espinosa]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2011
|[[#2011|COP&amp;nbsp;17]]
|[[Durban]], South Africa
|[[Maite Nkoana-Mashabane]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2012
|[[#2012|COP&amp;nbsp;18]]
|[[Doha]], Qatar
|[[Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah|Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2013
|[[#2013|COP&amp;nbsp;19]]
|[[Warsaw]], Poland
|[[Marcin Korolec]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2014
|[[#2014|COP&amp;nbsp;20]]
|[[Líoma]], Peru
|[[Manuel Pulgar-Vidal]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|2015
|[[#2015|COP&amp;nbsp;21]]
|[[Páras]], France
|[[Laurent Fabius]]
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
|2016
|[[#2016|COP&amp;nbsp;22]]
|[[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|[[Salaheddine Mezouar]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
|2017
|[[#2017|COP&amp;nbsp;23]]
|[[Bonn]], Germany
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]&lt;ref name=unfccc2017 /&gt;
|{{flag|Fiji}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
|2018
|[[#2018|COP&amp;nbsp;24]]
|[[Katowice]], Poland
|[[Michał Kurtyka]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
|2019
|[[#2019|COP&amp;nbsp;25]]
|[[Maidrid]], Spain
|[[Carolina Schmidt]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
|&lt;s&gt;2020&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;COP 26&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Glasgow, United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|Postponed due to COVID
|&lt;s&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/s&gt;
|&lt;s&gt;Western Europe and Other Group&lt;/s&gt; 
|-
| 2021
|[[#2021|COP&amp;nbsp;26]]
|[[Glaschú]], United Kingdom
|[[Alok Sharma]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2022
|[[#2022|COP&amp;nbsp;27]]
|[[Sharm El Sheikh]], Egypt
|[[Sameh Shoukry]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2023
|[[#2023|COP&amp;nbsp;28]]
|[[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
|[[Sultan Al Jaber]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin
|-
| 2024
|[[#2024|COP&amp;nbsp;29]]
|[[Baku]], Azerbaijan
|[[Mukhtar Babayev]],
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Eastern Europe Group]]
|-
| 2025
|[[#2025|COP&amp;nbsp;30]]
|[[Belém]], Brazil
| [[André Corrêa do Lago]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Group of Latin America and the Caribbean|Group of Latin America Caribbean]]
|-
| 2026
|[[#2026|COP&amp;nbsp;31]]
|[[Antalya]], Turkey
|[[Murat Kurum]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Western Europe and Other Group]]
|-
| 2027
|[[#2027|COP&amp;nbsp;32]]
|[[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
|[[Gedion Timothewos]]
&lt;ref name=ethiopia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://ethioembassy.ca/ethiopia-to-host-cop32-and-appoints-foreign-minister-gedion-timothewos-as-president-designate/ | teideal = Ethiopia to Host COP32 and Appoints Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos as President-Designate}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| Grúpa na hAfraice
|-
| 2028
| [[#2028|COP&amp;nbsp;33]]
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| ''le socrú''
| [[Grúpa na Áise agus an tAigéin Chiúin]]
|}


&lt;ref name=iate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/2232294 | teideal = Téarma: Comhdháil na Náisiún Aontaithe maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide | foilsitheoir = [[IATE]] | dátarochtana = 27-10-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=uncc&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = UN Climate Change Conferences | url = https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences | dátarochtana = 2025-01-30 | work = un.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=unfccc2017&gt;{{lua idirlín | foilsitheoir = UNFCCC | dáta = 3 Iúil 2017 | teideal = PM Bainimarama Opening Address at the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Event | url = https://unfccc.int/news/pm-bainimarama-opening-address-at-the-climate-action-pacific-partnership-event | dátarochtana = 13 Márta 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ''Coinbhinsiún maidir leis an Éagsúlacht Bhitheolaíoch'' ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

== Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh ==
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}


'' an Ghníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh (Béarla: '''International Energy Agency''' ('''IEA''')) is a [[Paris]]-based autonomous [[intergovernmental organization]], established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global [[energy industry|energy sector]].&lt;ref name=UIA /&gt;  The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=Latvia /&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=:4 /&gt;

== Structure 
The IEA's structure includes a Governing Board, Ministerial Meetings, and Standing Groups and Committees.&lt;ref name=:6 /&gt;

== Ballraíocht 
The 32 member countries and 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot;/&gt; association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Ballstáit 
Only [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] member states may join the IEA. Members are required to maintain total [[Global strategic petroleum reserves|oil stock]] levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = IEA marks historic day in global energy governance with first member country in Latin America – News |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=IEA |date=18 February 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118113141/https://www.iea.org/news/iea-marks-historic-day-in-global-energy-governance-with-first-member-country-in-latin-america |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Member countries commit to respond to significant oil disruptions through a collective action to allow more [[crude oil]] to enter the global market.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.95em;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:115px;&quot; | Tír
! Ballraíocht
! Nótaí
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Australia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1979&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;/&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Austria}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974
&lt;ref name=:5&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Richard |title=The History of the IEA, 1974–1994: The First 20 Years |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=1994 |location=Paris |pages=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Belgium}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Canada}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5 February 2001&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Denmark}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Estonia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9 May 2014
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Finland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|France}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Germany}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Greece}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1976&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Hungary}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3 June 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Ireland}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Italy}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Japan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Latvia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member - News | date=14 February 2024 | url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agencys-32nd-member }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Lithuania}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2022
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Mexico}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2018
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Netherlands}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|New Zealand}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1977&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Norway}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member (under a special Agreement)&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Portugal}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |1981&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Poland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |25 September 2008
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Poland becomes 28th member country of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=iea.org |date=25 September 2008 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618154322/https://www.iea.org/news/poland-becomes-28th-member-country-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Slovakia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30 November 2007
&lt;ref&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =Slovak Republic to become 27th member of the IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=UPI |date=30 November 2007 |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625121054/https://www.iea.org/news/slovak-republic-to-become-27th-member-of-the-iea |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|South Korea|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |20 April 2001
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 20 Aibreán 2001 | teideal = Korea Joins International Energy Agency; Becomes IEA's Twenty-Sixth Member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member |access-date=2022-05-25 |publisher=IEA |location=Paris | archive-date=25 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525120845/https://www.iea.org/news/korea-joins-international-energy-agency-becomes-ieas-twenty-sixth-member | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Spain|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Sweden|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Switzerland|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|Turkey|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom|}}}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{flag|United States|}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |18 November 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|Founding member&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Tíortha aontachais 
'' Accession countries are those going through the process of becoming full members. The process involves authorisation by the Governing Board, discussions with the executive director, and the sharing of information related to the criteria for membership with the Secretariat.
&lt;ref name=Scott1994&gt;{{cite book | last=Scott | first=Richard | url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | title=The History of the International Energy Agency, 1974–1994 | publisher=International Energy Agency | year=1994 | volume=1 | location=Paris | pages=336 | archive-date=1 October 2022 | access-date=3 Lúnasa 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001235542/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/b73b0800-ed54-48ba-bf16-cc6820b723a3/1ieahistory.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' The following countries are undergoing the accession process:&lt;ref name=AccessionAssociate&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.iea.org/countries|title=Countries &amp; Regions | foilsitheoir = International Energy Agency | dátarochtana = 2026-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* {{Flag|Colombia}}
* {{Flag|Brazil}}
&lt;ref name=mre2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/inicio-do-processo-de-acessao-do-brasil-a-agencia-internacional-de-energia-como-membro-pleno-nota-conjunta-mre-mme-2 | teideal = Início do processo de acessão do Brasil à Agência Internacional de Energia como membro pleno - Nota Conjunta MRE/MME|access-date=21 February 2026 | work = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|MRE]] | dáta = 20 Feabhra 2026 | teanga = pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Chile|}}
* {{Flag|Costa Rica|}}
* {{Flag|Israel|}}
* {{Flag|Romania|an Rómáin}}

=== Association countries 
'' Association was formally launched in 2015 with a 13&lt;ref name=&quot;kenya-and-senegal&quot; /&gt; country membership. The IEA collaborates with Association countries on a wide range of energy-related issues determined through joint programmes of work. Association countries may also participate in most Standing Groups and Ministerial meetings.
&lt;ref name=iea2016&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Singapore becomes IEA Association Country – News | url = https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | dáta = 24 Deireadh Fómhair 2016 | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723142050/https://www.iea.org/news/singapore-becomes-iea-association-country | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
India officially declared its &quot;Association&quot; status with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on March 30, 2017.
&lt;ref name=iea2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = India becomes IEA Association Country | url = https://www.iea.org/news/india-and-the-iea-enter-new-phase-of-closer-collaboration-with-signing-of-strategic-partnership-framework | dátarochtana = 27 Eanáir 2021 | work = IEA | dáta = 27 Eanáir 2021 | teanga = en-GB | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Egypt and Argentina joined as Association countries in March 2022,&lt;ref name=:2 /&gt;
&lt;ref name=thecanadian&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 24 Márta 2022 | teideal = Argentina joins the International Energy Agency as a member – the Canadian News | url = https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | dátarochtana = 24 Márta 2022 | archive-date=28 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328202427/https://thecanadian.news/argentina-joins-the-international-energy-agency-as-a-member/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 and Ukraine was formally invited on 16 June 2022, and joined in July 2022.
&lt;ref name=aljazeera&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Ukraine signs association pact with the IEA | url =anhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = aljazeera.com | teanga = en | archive-date=30 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730052007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/19/ukraine-association-pact-international-energy-agency-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In July 2025, Brazil started the process to become a member country.
&lt;ref name=brasilenergia&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-07-30 | teideal = Governo brasileiro formaliza adesão à AIE | url = https://brasilenergia.com.br/energia/governo-regulacao/governo-brasileiro-formaliza-adesao-a-aie | dátarochtana = 2025-07-31 | work = brasilenergia.com.br | teanga = pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'' As of Deireadh Fómhair 2026, the IEA has 14 association countries:&lt;ref name=&quot;AccessionAssociate&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flag|Argentina|}}
* {{Flag|China|ag tSín}}
* {{Flag|Egypt|}}
* {{Flag|India|an Ind}}
* {{Flag|Indonesia|}}
* {{Flag|Kenya|}}
* {{Flag|Morocco|}}
* {{Flag|Nigeria|}}
* {{Flag|Senegal|}}
* {{Flag|Singapore|}}
* {{Flag|South Africa|an Afraic Theas}}
* {{Flag|Thailand|}}
* {{Flag|Ukraine|an Úcráin}}
* {{Flag|Vietnam|}}

== Areas of work 
'' The IEA produces analyses on all energy sources and technologies, on global and regional markets, as well as specific country-level reports and studies on key technologies, minerals, and materials for the clean energy transition. It also produces comprehensive data and statistics for over 150 countries.

=== Dáta 
=== Scenarios 
IEA publications give projections based on sets of assumptions called ''scenarios'', with criteria that includes:

* Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps |access-date=2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000550/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/stated-policies-scenario-steps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
&lt;ref name=ieaaps&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga =en-GB | archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823000552/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/announced-pledges-scenario-aps | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Net Zero Scenario (NZE)
&lt;ref name=ieanze&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) – Global Energy and Climate Model – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | dátarochtana = 2023-08-25 | foilsitheoir = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=28 August 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230828023443/https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-and-climate-model/net-zero-emissions-by-2050-scenario-nze | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=:8 /&gt;

=== Key publications 
[[Íomhá:Renewables 2022.pdf | mion | Tuairisc 2022 ar [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]]]]

* '''World Energy Outlook''' (WEO)
* '''Net Zero by 2050: a roadmap for the global energy sector'''
* '''Energy Technology Perspectives''' (ETP) 
* '''Global EV Outlook''' (GEVO)
* '''Oil Market Report'''
* '''Electricity Market Report'''
* '''Gas Market Report'''
* '''Energy Efficiency'''
* '''Renewable Energy Market Update'''
* '''World Energy Investment'''
* '''Tracking Clean Energy Progress'''
* '''Country Reviews'''

== Cáineadh 
=== Bias against renewable energy 
[[Íomhá:Reality_versus_IEA_predictions_-_annual_photovoltaic_additions_2002-2016.png | mion | '' Real development of global [[photovoltaics]] additions (in [[gigawatt]]) vs. predictions by the IEA, 2002–2016]]

'' The IEA has been criticised for systematically underestimating the role of [[fuinneamh in-athnuaite]] sources in future energy systems such as [[photovoltaics]] and their cost reductions.&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Mertens /&gt;

=== Accuracy of forecasting 
'' ''The Guardian'' referred to a team of scientists from [[Uppsala University]] in Sweden who studied the 2008 World Energy Outlook and concluded the forecasts of the IEA were unattainable. &lt;ref name=guardian2 /&gt;

=== Restricting access to data 
'' In 2021, the IEA was publicly criticized by more than 30 international academics and researchers at [[Our World in Data]] for publishing its detailed, global energy data behind paywalls, &quot;[making] it unusable in the public discourse and [preventing] many researchers from accessing it&quot;.&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021 /&gt;  The authors of the Our World in Data suggested in an open letter that &quot;countries that fund the IEA drop the requirement to place data behind paywalls and increase their funding&quot;.&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021 /&gt;

'' In January 2022, the IEA announced plans to make all its data and analyses freely available and [[Open access|open-access]], a move endorsed by its executive director and governing board. This initiative was awaiting final endorsement from IEA member countries to become effective.&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024 /&gt;

'' In October 2023, the IEA made the World Energy Outlook 2023 dataset available for non-commercial use under a [[Creative Commons license]]. This dataset encompasses global aggregated data for various scenarios, alongside detailed regional and country-specific data up to 2050.&lt;ref name=ieadataset /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh In-athnuaite]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=UIA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100010487 | teideal =International Energy Agency (IEA) | údar = Staff writer | bhliain = 2024 | department=UIA Global Civil Society Database | work = uia.org | foilsitheoir = [[Union of International Associations]] | agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online | location=Brussels, Belgium | dátarochtana = 12 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Latvia&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal =IEA Ministers invite Latvia to become Agency's 32nd member |url=https://www.iea.org/news/iea-ministers-invite-latvia-to-become-agency-s-32nd-member |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=IEA |date=14 February 2024 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:4&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = History – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/history | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=25 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025164432/https://www.iea.org/about/history | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{cite news | údar = Terry Macalister | dáta = 2009-11-12 | teideal =Oil: future world shortages are being drastically underplayed, say experts |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126065355/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/12/oil-shortage-uppsala-aleklett |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Creutzig2017&gt;[[Felix Creutzig]] et al.: The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. In: Nature Energy 2, 2017, [[doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Hoekstra2017&gt;Auke Hoekstra et al.: Creating Agent-Based Energy Transition Management Models That Can Uncover Profitable Pathways to Climate Change Mitigation. In: [[Complexity]]. 2017, [[doi:10.1155/2017/1967645]]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Mertens&gt;Konrad Mertens: ''Photovoltaik: Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Technologie und Praxis''. 4ú eagrán, Hanser, (München) loch. 340.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ambrose-2021&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Ambrose | ainm = Jillian | dáta = 10 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Energy watchdog urged to give free access to government data |work=The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/10/academics-urge-iea-to-give-free-access-to-national-energy-data | dátarochtana = 2021-12-10 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ritchie-2021&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | author-link=Hannah Ritchie | date=5 October 2021 | title=Covid's lessons for climate, sustainability and more from our World in Data | url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | journal=Nature | volume=598 | issue=7879 | pages=9 | bibcode=2021Natur.598....9R | doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4 | issn=1476-4687 | pmid=34611360 | access-date=2021-11-10 | s2cid=238411009 | archive-date=24 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524080856/https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-02691-4/d41586-021-02691-4.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=roser-and-ritchie-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Roser | ainm = Max | last2=Ritchie | first2=Hannah | dáta = 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | teideal = The International Energy Agency publishes the detailed, global energy data we all need, but its funders force it behind paywalls: let's ask them to change it | url = https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | dátarochtana = 2021-10-08 | work=Our World in Data | location=Oxford, United Kingdom | dátarochtana = 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085608/https://ourworldindata.org/iea-open-data | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=schaefer-2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Schäfer | ainm = Malte | display-authors=etal | dáta = 8 Nollaig 2021 | teideal = Open letter to the International Energy Agency and its member countries: please remove paywalls from global energy data and add appropriate open licenses | url = https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 | dátarochtana = 2022-01-19 | foilsitheoir = Open Energy Modelling Initiative | archive-date=19 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192423/https://forum.openmod.org/t/open-letter-to-iea-and-member-countries-requesting-open-data/2949#open-letter-to-the-international-energy-agency-and-its-member-countries-please-remove-paywalls-from-global-energy-data-and-add-appropriate-open-licenses-1 url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Ritchie2024&gt;{{cite journal | last=Ritchie | first=Hannah | last2=Roser | first2=Max | date=2024-03-04 | title=The IEA wants to make their data available to the public – now it is on governments of the world's rich countries to make this happen | url=https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | work = Our World in Data | archive-date=17 March 2024 | access-date= March | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317084939/https://ourworldindata.org/free-data-iea | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ieadataset&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = World Energy Outlook 2023 Free Dataset - Data product | url = https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | dátarochtana = 2024-03-17 | work = IEA | teanga = en-GB | archive-date=17 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317083750/https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2023-free-dataset-2 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:6&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Structure – About | url = https://www.iea.org/about/structure | dátarochtana = 2022-07-23 | work = IEA | archive-date=31 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731192528/https://www.iea.org/about/structure | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

== Sceitheadh carbóin ==


Tarlaíonn '''sceitheadh carbóin''' nuair a mhéadaíonn [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] i dtír amháin mar thoradh laghdú astaíochtaí i dtír eile atá beartais [[maolú an athraithe aeráide|mhaolaithe]] níos déine aici.&lt;ref name=Cala2014 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Naegele2017 /&gt;

'' Carbon leakage can be defined as &quot;the increase in [[dé-ocsaíd charbóin|CO&lt;&gt;sub2&lt;/sub&gt;]] emissions outside the countries taking domestic mitigation action divided by the reduction in the emissions of these countries.&quot;&lt;ref name=barker /&gt;  It is expressed as a percentage, and can be greater or less than 100%. There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term leakage effects.&lt;ref name=goldemberg /&gt;

Is [[éifeacht iarmhartach]] de shaghas éigin é sceitheadh carbóin.  D'fhéadfwdh na héifeacht seo a bheith dearfach nó diúltach.&lt;ref name=ipccglossary /&gt; for example, emission reductions policy might lead to technological developments that aid reductions outside of the policy area.

'' Carbon leakage may occur for a number of reasons: if the climate policies of a country raise local costs, then another country with more relaxed policies may have a trading advantage.  In the case of transboundary economic activities such as maritime transport, carbon leakage can take various forms.  for example, ships may call at intermediate ports to circumvent climate regulations or increase their sailing speed outside regulated zones, resulting in higher overall emissions.&lt;ref name=Kotzampasakis2025 /&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=Cala2014&gt;{{citation | title=Emissions Loophole Stays Open in E.U. | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/19/business/energy-environment/emissions-loophole-stays-open-in-eu.html | access-date=1 April 2015 | author=Andrés Cala | work=The New York Times | date=18 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Naegele2017&gt;{{Cite journal | last=Naegele | first=Helene | last2=Zaklan | first2=Aleksandar | date=2017 | title=Does the EU ETS Cause Carbon Leakage in European Manufacturing? | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | doi=10.2139/ssrn.3050323 | issn=1556-5068 | hdl=10419/171309 | hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ipccglossary&gt;{{citation | author=IPCC | title=Glossary A-D. In (section): Annex I. In (book): Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | url=https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-annex1.pdf | year=2007 | editor=B. Metz | publisher=Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A. | access-date=2010-04-18 | display-editors=etal | archive-date=2018-08-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820143749/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-annex1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=barker&gt;{{citation | author=Barker, T. | title=11.7.2 Carbon leakage. In (book chapter): Mitigation from a cross-sectoral perspective. In (book): Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch11s11-7-2.html | year=2007 | editor=B. Metz | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503032254/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch11s11-7-2.html | publisher=Print version: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. This version: IPCC website | display-authors=etal | archive-date=2010-05-03 | access-date=2010-04-05 | display-editors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=goldemberg&gt;{{cite book | author=Goldemberg, J. | url=https://archive.org/details/climatechange1990000unse_h1m9/page/27 | title=Introduction: scope of the assessment. In: Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | date=1996 | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. PDF version: IPCC website | isbn=978-0-521-56854-8 | editor=J.P. Bruce. | pages=[https://archive.org/details/climatechange1990000unse_h1m9/page/27 27–28] | format=PDF | display-authors=etal | display-editors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Kotzampasakis2025&gt;{{cite journal | last=Kotzampasakis | first=Manolis | last2=Wooley | first2=David R. | date=2025-11-03 | title=Mitigating carbon leakage in maritime transport | journal=WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs | language=en | doi=10.1007/s13437-025-00390-9 | issn=1654-1642 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Buntásc ==
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>oodiu5kcan0zrhpzxavbmrwl22hf0mk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Feachtas Uachtaránachta Chatherine Connolly (2025)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>120913</id>
    <redirect title="Catherine Connolly" />
    <revision>
      <id>1332090</id>
      <parentid>1321614</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:44:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>3926</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bota: Ag socrú atreoraithe dúbailte ó [[Caitríona Ní Chonghaile#2025]] go [[Catherine Connolly]]</comment>
      <origin>1332090</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40" sha1="a9kz25je9z4nwc40r0wv77ia3ccofn9" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Catherine Connolly#2025]]</text>
      <sha1>a9kz25je9z4nwc40r0wv77ia3ccofn9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Feachtas Uachtarárnachta Chatherine Connolly (2025)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>120930</id>
    <redirect title="Catherine Connolly" />
    <revision>
      <id>1332091</id>
      <parentid>1321615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:44:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>3926</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bota: Ag socrú atreoraithe dúbailte ó [[Caitríona Ní Chonghaile#2025]] go [[Catherine Connolly]]</comment>
      <origin>1332091</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40" sha1="a9kz25je9z4nwc40r0wv77ia3ccofn9" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Catherine Connolly#2025]]</text>
      <sha1>a9kz25je9z4nwc40r0wv77ia3ccofn9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Gníomhaireachtaí an AE</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>121281</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331963</id>
      <parentid>1331167</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:20:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>25319</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>1331963</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6866" sha1="dvs1cppsz4ib4h3xsb1vbo0ehpxn3pz" xml:space="preserve">== Forais / Institiúidí ==
: '' Féach [[Comhlachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh agus Euratom]]

{{Wikidata list | sparql = 
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?valueLabel WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q748720.

  OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P488 ?p1 }
  OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1037 ?p2 }
  
  BIND(COALESCE(?p1, ?p2) AS ?value)
 
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;ga,en&quot;.
  }
}
ORDER BY (?itemLabel)

| columns = number:#, P154:Lógó, label:Institiúid, P571:Bundáta, P159:Ceanncheathrú, P488:Ceannaire, P1342:Líon suíochán
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! #
! Lógó
! Institiúid
! Bundáta
! Ceanncheathrú
! Ceannaire
! Líon suíochán
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 1
| [[Íomhá:Council of the EU and European Council.svg|center|128px]]
| [[An Chomhairle Eorpach]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1974&quot; | 1974-12-09
| ''[[:d:Q1375164|Europa building]]''
| [[António Costa]]
| 27
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 2
| [[Íomhá:Logo European Central Bank.svg|center|128px]]
| [[Banc Ceannais Eorpach]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1998&quot; | 1998-06-01
| [[Frankfurt]]
| [[Christine Lagarde]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 3
| [[Íomhá:Council of the EU and European Council.svg|center|128px]]
| [[Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957
| ''[[:d:Q1375164|Europa building]]''
| ''[[:d:Q115639092|Thérèse Blanchet]]''
| 27
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 4
| [[Íomhá:Court of Justice of the European Union Logo SV.svg|center|128px]]
| [[Cúirt Bhreithiúnais an Aontais Eorpaigh|Cúirt Bhreithiúnais Eorpach]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952
| ''[[:d:Q20971786|Palais de la Cour de Justice]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917096|Koen Lenaerts]]''
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 5
| [[Íomhá:ECA-logo.svg|center|128px]]
| [[Cúirt Iniúchóirí na hEorpa]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1977&quot; | 1977-10-18
| [[Lucsamburg (cathair)|Lucsamburg]]
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 6
| [[Íomhá:European Parliament logo.svg|center|128px]]
| [[Parlaimint na hEorpa]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957-03-25
| ''[[:d:Q2423937|Suíomh Pharlaimint na hEorpa i Strasbourg]]''
| [[Roberta Metsola|Roberta Metsola Tedesco Triccas]]
| 720
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 7
| [[Íomhá:European Commission.svg|center|128px]]
| [[an Coimisiún Eorpach]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1958&quot; | 1958-01-01
| ''[[:d:Q239|Cathair na Bruiséile]]''
| [[Ursula von der Leyen]]
| 27
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}

== Gníomhaireachtaí ==
: Féach [[Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh]]

?bunDáta ?tírLabel ?lógó

| columns = number:#, P154:Lógó, label:Gníomhaireacht, P17:Tír, P571:Bundáta

{{Wikidata list | sparql = 
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?labelEn ?labelGa WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q112827555.

  ?item rdfs:label ?labelEn filter (lang(?labelEn) = &quot;en&quot;).
  ?item rdfs:label ?labelGa filter (lang(?labelGa) = &quot;ga&quot;).

  #OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P571 ?bunDáta. }
  #OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P17 ?tír. }
  #OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P154 ?lógó. }

  FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P576 ?abolishedDate. }

  #SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;ga,en&quot;.
  #}
}
ORDER BY (?itemLabel)

| columns = ?labelEn:Agency, ?labelGa:Gníomhaireacht
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Agency
! Gníomhaireacht
|-
| European Union Aviation Safety Agency
| Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh
|-
| Europol
| Europol
|-
| European Environment Agency
| Gníomhaireacht Chomhshaoil Eorpach
|-
| European Centre for the Development of Professional Training
| an Lárionad Eorpach um Fhorbairt na Gairmoiliúna
|-
| European Medicines Agency
| Gníomhaireacht Leigheasra Eorpach
|-
| European Fisheries Control Agency
| Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um Rialú ar Iascach
|-
| European Institute for Gender Equality
| Institiúid Eorpach um Chomhionannas Inscne
|-
| European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
| Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chearta Bunúsacha
|-
| European Chemicals Agency
| Gníomhaireacht Eorpach Ceimiceán
|-
| European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators
| Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chomhar idir Rialálaithe Fuinnimh
|-
| European Food Safety Authority
| An tÚdarás Eorpach um Shábháilteacht Bia
|-
| European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
| Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um Shábháilteacht agus Sláinte ag an Obair
|-
| Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union
| Ionad Aistriúcháin Chomhlachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh
|-
| European Union Agency for Railways
| Gníomhaireacht Iarnróid an Aontais Eorpaigh
|-
| European Training Foundation
| an Foras Oiliúna na hEorpa
|-
| European Securities and Markets Authority
| An tÚdarás Eorpach um Urrúis agus Margaí
|-
| European Banking Authority
| An tÚdarás Baincéireachta Eorpach
|-
| European Maritime Safety Agency
| Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um Shábháilteacht Mhuirí
|-
| European Union Intellectual Property Office
| Oifig Maoine Intleachtúla an Aontais Eorpach
|-
| European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
| An Lárionad Eorpach um Chosc agus Rialú Galar
|-
| European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation
| Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chomhar Ceartais Choiriúil
|-
| European Institute of Innovation and Technology
| an Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht
|-
| European Union Agency for Cybersecurity
| Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chibearshlándáil
|-
| European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority
| An tÚdarás Eorpach um Árachas agus Pinsin Cheirde
|-
| European Union Drugs Agency
| Gníomhaireacht Drugaí an Aontais Eorpaigh
|-
| European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training
| Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Oiliúint i bhForfheidhmiú an Dlí
|-
| European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
| Foras Eorpach chun Dálaí Maireachtála agus Oibre a Fheabhsú
|-
| Community Plant Variety Office
| Oifig an Chomhphobail maidir le Cineálacha Plandaí
|-
| European Union Agency for Asylum
| Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Thearmann
|-
| European Union Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
| Gníomhaireacht de chuid an Aontais Eorpaigh chun Bainistiú Oibríochtúil a dhéanamh ar Chórais Mhórscála TF sa Limistéar Saoirse, Slándála agus Ceartais
|-
| Single Resolution Board
| Bord Réitigh Aonair
|-
| European Border and Coast Guard Agency
| Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um an nGarda Teorann agus Cósta
|-
| European Union Agency for the Space Programme
| Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um an gClár Spáis
|-
| European Labour Authority
| An tÚdarás Eorpach Saothair
|-
| Agency for Support for BEREC
| Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC
|-
| Anti-Money Laundering Authority
| An tÚdarás um Fhrithsciúradh Airgid
|-
| EU Customs Authority
| Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>dvs1cppsz4ib4h3xsb1vbo0ehpxn3pz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ed Moloney</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>121435</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332070</id>
      <parentid>1284114</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:09:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nasc curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332070</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7370" sha1="ltsus5my4ho6mr2wm8xepgdfja0qw6c" xml:space="preserve">
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Iriseoir ba ea '''Edmund Moloney''' (1948 – 17 Deireadh Fómhair 2025), ar a dtugtaí Ed go coitianta.  D'éirigh le Moloney a bheith ar cheann de na hiriseoirí ba mhó le rá in Éirinn, agus é aitheanta go forleathan as a chuid tuairisceoireachta  i dTuaisceart Éireann le linn na dTrioblóidí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://thebrokenelbow.com/about-ed-moloney/|teideal=About Ed Moloney|dáta=2011-01-16|language=en|work=The Broken Elbow|dátarochtana=2025-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;  D'oibrigh Moloney do roinnt foilseachán mór le rá lena n-áirítear an iris 'Magill',  The Irish Times',  agus 'The Sunday Tribune', áit ar oibrigh sé mar eagarthóir Thuaisceart Éireann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iriseoir mór an Tuaiscirt Ed Moloney ar shlí na fírinne|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/1020/1539579-iriseoir-mor-an-tuaiscirt-ed-moloney-ar-shli-na-firinne/|date=2025-10-20|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/2025/10/20/journalist-ed-moloney-dies-aged-77/|teideal=Ed Moloney: journalist and author dies aged 77|údar=Arthur Beesley|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2025-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gairm ==
Rugadh Moloney i Sasana. Chuaigh sé go dtí Béal Feirste chun freastal ar [[Ollscoil na Banríona, Béal Feirste|Ollscoil na Banríona]].

Chuir Moloney tús lena ghairm mar iriseoir leis an iris ''[[Hibernia (iris)|Hibernia]]'' agus d'oibrigh sé ina dhiaidh sin le ''[[Magill]]'' de chuid Vincent Browne. Ceapadh é mar eagarthóir Thuaisceart Éireann do The Irish Times,  Ina dhiaidh sin, d'oibrigh sé leis an Sunday Tribune sa ról céanna.

Sa bhliain 1999, bronnadh an gradam &quot;Iriseoir na Bliana&quot; in Éirinn air, rud a léiríonn an meas a bhí air..

=== Saothair ===
Scríobh Ed Moloney roinnt leabhar tábhachtacha a dhírigh ar stair pholaitiúil na hÉireann agus go háirithe ar na Trioblóidí:

* '''Paisley''' (1986): Beathaisnéis Ian Paisley, ceannaire Aontachtach, a scríobh sé i gcomhar le Andy Pollak.
* '''A Secret History of the IRA''' (2002): Leabhar a dhíol go maith a rinne scagadh ar stair an IRA Shealadaigh. Foilsíodh an dara heagrán den leabhar i mí Iúil 2007.
* '''Paisley: From Demagogue to Democrat?''' (2008): Leabhar a scríobh sé ina aonar, athnuaite ón saothar a d'fhoilsigh sé i 1986.
* '''Voices from the Grave: Two Men's War in Ireland''' (2010): Bunaithe ar agallaimh le Brendan Hughes (iar-cheannaire an IRA a fuair bás i 2008) agus David Ervine (iar-bhall den UVF a fuair bás i 2007). Bhí na hagallaimh seo mar chuid de [[Tionscadal Staire Béil Ollscoil Boston.|Thionscadal Staire Béil Ollscoil Boston.]]

=== Tionscadal Staire Béil Ollscoil Boston ===
Bhí ról lárnach ag Moloney i dTionscadal Staire Béil Ollscoil Boston, nó an &quot;Belfast Project&quot; mar a tugadh air go minic. Bhailigh an tionscadal seo agallaimh le hiarchomhaltaí de ghrúpaí poblachtacha agus dílseacha i dTuaisceart Éireann, agus bhí sé beartaithe gan na hagallaimh a scaoileadh go dtí go bhfaigheadh na hagallaithe bás.

D'éirigh an tionscadal seo conspóideach nuair a d'iarr na húdaráis i dTuaisceart Éireann rochtain ar na taifid mar chuid d'imscrúduithe coiriúla. Bhí dlús leis an leabhar &quot;Voices from the Grave&quot; a d'eascair as an tionscadal seo agus an clár faisnéise teilifíse a rinneadh ina dhiaidh. I mí Feabhra 2011, bhuaigh an clár faisnéise &quot;Voices From the Grave&quot; an duais don chlár faisnéise teilifíse is fearr ag na Gradaim Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann ([[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|IFTA]]).

=== Cás Stobie ===
Ar an 27 Meitheamh 1999, d'fhoilsigh Moloney scéal bunaithe ar agallaimh a rinne sé i 1990 le Billy Stobie, ceathrúnaí UDA. Líomhain Stobie gur chuir an Special Branch gunnaí ina theach chun é a thréigean. Thug sé cuntas ar [[Pat Finucane|dhúnmharú Pat Finucane]] a foilsíodh mar árachas i gcás go dtarlódh rud éigin dó féin. Foilsíodh an cuntas nuair a gabhadh Stobie agus cúisíodh é i ndúnmharú Finucane mar chuid de Fhiosrúchán Stevens.

=&gt; [[Pat Finucane|'''Dúnmharú Pat Finucane''']]

Dhiúltaigh Moloney ordú cúirte a chomhlíonadh - a d'iarr air nótaí a bhí déanta aige le linn na n-agallamh - a thabhairt do na póilíní. D'fhéadfadh sé príosún nó fíneálacha troma a fháil, ach i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1999, rialaigh an Príomh-Bhreitheamh, Sir [[Robert Carswell, Barún Carswell|Robert Carswell]], ag an Ard-Chúirt i mBéal Feirste go raibh an breitheamh mícheart nuair a d'ordaigh sé do Moloney a chuid nótaí a thabhairt do na phóilíní.

=== Iarracht dúnmharaithe ===
In 2020, nocht an iris ''Village'' scéal faoi iarracht a rinneadh i 1982 Ed Moloney agus Vincent Browne a dhúnmharú. Scríobh Moloney dhá alt faoi [[The Workers' Party|Shinn Féin – The Workers' Party]] don Irish Times in 1982. Foilsíodh an chéad cheann a phléigh aistear polaitiúil an pháirtí, ach níor foilsíodh an dara ceann a phléigh an [[An tIRA Oifigiúil|IRA Oifigiúil]] agus a ngníomhaíochtaí coiriúla.

D'fhoilsigh Moloney a chuid taighde ansin san iris Magill, de chuid [[Vincent Browne]], i Márta agus in Aibreán 1982, rud a chur náire ar Shinn Féin – The Workers' Party.

Bhí plean ag an IRA Oifigiúil chun Moloney a dhúnmharú.  D'inis beirt bhall de SFWP don [[Ulster Defence Association]] go raibh Moloney san [[Irish National Liberation Army]]. Chuaigh Moloney suas go ceanncheathrú an UDA i Sráid Gawn i mBéal Feirste. Ach níor chreid Comhairle Inmheánach an UDA na líomhaintí agus ligeadh saor é.

== Oidhreacht ==
Bhog Moloney go Nua Eabhrac sa bhliain 2000, agus lean sé air ag scríobh agus ag feidhmiú mar iriseoir. Scríobh sé blag dar teideal &quot;The Broken Elbow&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://thebrokenelbow.com/|teideal=The Broken Elbow|language=en|work=The Broken Elbow|dátarochtana=2025-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;, áit a rinne sé tráchtaireacht ar chúrsaí reatha agus ar pholaitíocht ó 2011 ar leith.

Bhásaigh Ed Moloney i Nua Eabhrac ar an 17 Deireadh Fómhair 2025, áit a raibh sé ag obair agus ag maireachtáil le tamall de bhlianta.  Bhí sé 77 bliain d'aois. Maireann a bhean chéile Joan McKiernan agus a mhac,Ciarán.

Beidh cuimhne ar Ed Moloney mar dhuine de na hiriseoirí ba thábhachtaí a chuir síos ar thréimhse na dTrioblóidí. Bhí a chuid tuairiscithe neamheaglach agus críochnúil, agus tá a chuid leabhar ina bhfoinsí luachmhara do scoláirí agus do dhaoine eile a bhfuil suim acu i stair chomhaimseartha na hÉireann.

Cé go raibh a chuid tuairimí agus a chuid oibre conspóideach go minic, léiríonn an gradam &quot;Iriseoir na Bliana&quot; a fuair sé agus an t-aitheantas a thug a chomhghleacaithe dó an meas a bhí air sa ghairm. Bhí sé tiomanta don fhírinne a lorg, beag beann ar na hiarmhairtí pearsanta nó gairmiúla, agus ba mhinic a chuir sé é féin i mbaol chun scéalta tábhachtacha a thuairisciú.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Vincent Browne]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Moloney, Ed}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1948]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2025]]
[[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:IRA Oifigiúil]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil na Banríona, Béal Feirste]]
[[Catagóir:Iriseoirí Sasanacha]]
[[Catagóir:Iriseoirí The Irish Times]]</text>
      <sha1>ltsus5my4ho6mr2wm8xepgdfja0qw6c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>James O'Donnell</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>122049</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332103</id>
      <parentid>1290765</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T10:13:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332103</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9769" sha1="nrvky32q5j8ismurxfcjfo9rieoq8re" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Ba cheannaí agus daonchara Éireannach é '''Séamus Ó Domhnaill''' ('''James O'Donnell''' i mBéarla) (c. 1829 – 17 Deireadh Fómhair 1897). Rinne sé a shaibhreas mar cheannaí fíona agus biotáille i [[Baile Sheáin, Talamh an Éisc|St. John's]], [[Talamh an Éisc (oileán)|Talamh an Éisc]], agus bhí sé ina uachtarán ar chraobh St. John's de [[Conradh na Talún|Chonradh na Talún]]. D'fhill sé ar Éirinn sa bhliain 1887, agus ba é príomhphátrún [[Coláiste Charraig an Tobair|Choláiste Charraig an Tobair]] é.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tipperarystudies.ie/james-odonnell-from-tipperary-to-newfoundland-and-back-again/|teideal=James O'Donnell, the merchant who banked on education for all: pioneering vision in nineteenth-century Ireland and Newfoundland|údar=Yann Blake|work=Tipperary Studies|foilsitheoir=[[Comhairle Contae Thiobraid Árann]]|dáta=2025|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;blake&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Yann Blake|title=The Merchant's Return to Rockwell College: James O'Donnell and the Architecture of Transatlantic Irish Philanthropy|journal=The Ultimate Genealogy|date=2025-07-08|doi=10.5281/zenodo.15834442|url=https://zenodo.org/records/15834442}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saol ==

=== Tús a shaoil agus imirce ===
Rugadh Ó Domhnaill timpeall 1828/1829 i mBaile an Mhoirtéalaigh,&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/48128|teideal=Baile an Mhoirtéalaigh/Mortlestown|work=Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann (logainm.ie)|foilsitheoir=[[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; gar don [[An Chathair, Contae Thiobraid Árann|Chathair]] i g[[Contae Thiobraid Árann]].&lt;ref name=&quot;blake&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://cahirnewsonline.com/james-o-donnell-article/|teideal=James O'Donnell Article|work=Cahir News Online|dáta=2025-05-05|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'imigh sé ar imirce go Talamh an Éisc idir 1843 agus 1849, nuair a bhí sé ina dhéagóir; d'fhág sé Éire, mar sin, roimh an [[An Gorta Mór|nGorta Mór]] nó lena linn. Bhí gaolta leis lonnaithe ar an oileán cheana féin.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot; /&gt;

=== Gairm trádála i dTalamh an Éisc ===
Thosaigh sé i dtrádáil an éisc, agus ina dhiaidh sin bhunaigh sé gnó mórdhíola agus miondíola ag 290 Water Street i St. John's, a dhíol fíon, biotáille, iasc saillte agus earraí grósaera.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot; /&gt; Liostaítear é mar leabharchoimeádaí in eolaire 1864–65, agus mar dhíoltóir fíona agus biotáille in eolaire Rochfort sa bhliain 1877.&lt;ref name=&quot;blake&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Rochfort's Business and General Directory of Newfoundland'' (1877), &quot;St. John's City District – Wine &amp; Spirits, Retail&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí a ghnó liostaithe in eolairí Thalamh an Éisc ó 1864 go 1886.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot; /&gt; Bhí cáil air sa chathair mar fhear grinn a raibh dea-fhocal aige do chách. Níor phós sé riamh.&lt;ref&gt;Patrick Kevin Devine (1936). ''[https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns/id/29739 Ye Olde St. John's, 1750–1936]''. St. John's. lch 52.&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 1886, dhíol sé an gnó le J. J. O'Reilly, ach choinnigh sé úinéireacht an fhoirgnimh, agus maoin eile a bhí aige i mBelvidere, St. John's.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot; /&gt;

Sa bhliain 1852, chuaigh sé isteach sa Chumann Carthanach Éireannach,&lt;ref&gt;Béarla: ''Benevolent Irish Society''.&lt;/ref&gt; eagraíocht a bunaíodh i St. John's in 1806 chun cabhrú le himircigh bhochta Éireannacha. Bhí sé ina bhall gníomhach den chumann ar feadh cúig bliana is tríocha.&lt;ref name=&quot;blake&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/society/benevolent-irish-society.php|teideal=The Benevolent Irish Society, 1806-2000|work=Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gníomhaíocht pholaitiúil ===
Timpeall na bliana 1881, ceapadh Ó Domhnaill ina uachtarán ar chraobh St. John's de Chonradh na Talún. I mí Iúil 1881, sheol an chraobh £60 7s chuig an ngluaiseacht in Éirinn trí [[Thomas Croke]], Ardeaspag Chaisil.&lt;ref name=&quot;blake&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Freeman's Journal'' (Baile Átha Cliath), 20 Iúil 1881.&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 1891, tar éis an scannail faoi chaidreamh [[Charles Stewart Parnell]] le Katharine O'Shea, d'fhoilsigh Ó Domhnaill litir ag cáineadh Parnell.&lt;ref name=&quot;blake&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Insuppressible'', 17 Eanáir 1891.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filleadh ar Éirinn agus pátrúnacht Choláiste Charraig an Tobair ===
Sa bhliain 1887, d'fhág Ó Domhnaill St. John's ar an ngaltán ''Peruvian'' chun cur faoi in Éirinn.&lt;ref&gt;''Evening Telegram'' (St. John's), 6 Iúil 1887.&lt;/ref&gt; Lonnaigh sé i gColáiste Charraig an Tobair, gar do [[Caiseal (Tiobraid Árann)|Chaiseal]] i gContae Thiobraid Árann. Bhí an coláiste, a bhunaigh Aithreacha an Spioraid Naoimh sa bhliain 1864, i gcruachás airgeadais ag an am.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;blake&quot; /&gt; Ceannaíodh talamh an choláiste ar £8,000 in 1887 le hairgead ó dheontóirí nár ainmníodh, agus creidtear gurbh é Ó Domhnaill a chuir an t-airgead ar fáil.&lt;ref name=&quot;blake&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Educational Endowments (Ireland) Commissioners: Annual Report'', 1887–88.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhronn sé cuid mhór dá shaibhreas, agus ioncam bliantúil a mhaoine i dTalamh an Éisc, ar Aithreacha an Spioraid Naoimh sa choláiste.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot; /&gt;

Sa bhliain 1896, bhí sé ar dhuine de na deontóirí a thug airgead chun séipéal nua an choláiste a thógáil.&lt;ref&gt;''Nationalist and Munster Advertiser'', 27 Meitheamh 1896.&lt;/ref&gt; Leag an tArdeaspag Croke bunchloch na bhfoirgneamh nua i mí an Mheithimh na bliana sin.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot; /&gt;

== Bás ==
Sna blianta deireanacha dá shaol, chónaigh Ó Domhnaill leis na sagairt i gColáiste Charraig an Tobair, agus glacadh isteach in ord Aithreacha an Spioraid Naoimh é agus é ar leaba a bháis. Fuair sé bás le hailse chíche sa choláiste ar 17 Deireadh Fómhair 1897, agus é ocht mbliana is seasca d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Freeman's Journal'' (Baile Átha Cliath), 21 Deireadh Fómhair 1897, lch 1.&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireadh i reilig an choláiste é, onóir nach dtugtaí de ghnáth ach do shagairt agus do bhaill an oird.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;blake&quot; /&gt;

Ina uacht, a shínigh sé ar 30 Meitheamh 1897, d'fhág sé suimeanna airgid ag a ghaolta in Éirinn agus sna Stáit Aontaithe, ag clochair agus ag coláistí in Éirinn agus i dTalamh an Éisc, agus ag an gCumann Carthanach Éireannach agus ag [[Cumann Naomh Uinseann de Pól (carthanacht)|Cumann Naomh Uinseann de Pól]] i St. John's. D'fhág sé £100 ag séipéal Choláiste Charraig an Tobair, agus thiomnaigh sé a mhaoin talún i mBelvidere don choláiste, ionas go n-íocfaí as oideachas duine dá ghaolta lena cíos. Bhí a eastát luacháilte faoi bhun $12,500.&lt;ref name=&quot;uacht&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://ngb.chebucto.org/Wills/odonnell-james-6-442.shtml|teideal=Will of James O'Donnell from Newfoundland will books volume 6 pages 442-444 probate year 1898|work=Newfoundland's Grand Banks|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Newfoundland Will Books'', iml. 6, lgh 442–444 (1898).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oidhreacht ==
Creidtear gur shábháil a chuid tabhartas Coláiste Charraig an Tobair ag am a raibh sé i mbaol.&lt;ref name=&quot;blake&quot; /&gt; Mhaoinigh ioncam a mhaoine i dTalamh an Éisc oideachas a ghaolta ar feadh na mblianta fada tar éis a bháis, go dtí na 1930idí ar a laghad.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;blake&quot; /&gt; Tá a shiopa ag 288–290 Water Street i St. John's ina sheasamh fós.&lt;ref name=&quot;tipp&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Coláiste Charraig an Tobair]]
* [[Conradh na Talún]]
* [[An Gorta Mór]]
* [[Talamh an Éisc (oileán)]]
* [[An Ghaeilge i gCeanada]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Leabharliosta ==
* [https://tipperarystudies.ie/james-odonnell-from-tipperary-to-newfoundland-and-back-again/ Yann Blake, ''James O'Donnell, from Tipperary to Newfoundland and back again''], Tipperary Studies (Comhairle Contae Thiobraid Árann), 2025.
* [https://www.academia.edu/130399979/The_Merchants_Return_to_Rockwell_College_James_ODonnell_and_the_Architecture_of_Transatlantic_Irish_Philanthropy Yann Blake, ''The Merchant's Return to Rockwell College: James O'Donnell and the Architecture of Transatlantic Irish Philanthropy''], 2025.
* [https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns/id/29739 Cartlann dhigiteach Memorial University of Newfoundland].
* [https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns/id/29739/138 Patrick Kevin Devine, ''Ye Olde St. John's, 1750-1936''] (1936), lch 138; leagan digiteach ag an ''Centre for Newfoundland Studies'', Memorial University of Newfoundland.
* [https://www.mannioncollection.ca/DetailView.aspx?lookupid=i2\e100028235.jpg Cárta 100028235 faoi James O'Donnell i gCnuasach Mannion] (an Dr John J. Mannion, Memorial University of Newfoundland).
* [https://www.mannioncollection.ca/DetailView.aspx?lookupid=i0\e100005621.jpg Cárta 100005621 faoi James O'Donnell i gCnuasach Mannion] (an Dr John J. Mannion, Memorial University of Newfoundland).
* [http://ngb.chebucto.org/Wills/odonnell-james-6-442.shtml Uacht James O'Donnell], ''Newfoundland Will Books'', iml. 6, lgh 442–444 (1898); tras-scríbhinn ar shuíomh ''Newfoundland's Grand Banks''.
* [https://cahirnewsonline.com/james-o-donnell-article/ ''James O'Donnell Article''], Cahir News Online, 2025.

{{DEFAULTSORT:ODonnell, James}}
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1897]]
[[Catagóir:Carthanóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Ceannaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1829]]
[[Catagóir:Contae Thiobraid Árann]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Daonchairde Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Lucht gnó na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine ó Chontae Thiobraid Árann]]
[[Catagóir:Conradh na Talún]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna de bharr ailse in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Éireannaigh i dTalamh an Éisc]]
[[Catagóir:Coláiste Charraig an Tobair]]</text>
      <sha1>nrvky32q5j8ismurxfcjfo9rieoq8re</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Adhmadóireacht</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>122904</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332061</id>
      <parentid>1297077</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:04:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332061</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="130" sha1="h5sr9prh825ymjy99s7u9jrkxjq9ks4" xml:space="preserve">[[Catagóir:Meáin ealaíne]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Ealaíona maisiúla]]
[[Catagóir: Próisis thionsclaíocha]]</text>
      <sha1>h5sr9prh825ymjy99s7u9jrkxjq9ks4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>An Dara Rogha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>123669</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332034</id>
      <parentid>1309440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:47:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Beagán curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332034</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13032" sha1="mjqtrek3b6bf84fjsccr0ijin52p5jl" xml:space="preserve">{{Teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}

Is [[:Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach|úrscéal tuairimeach]] é '''''[[An Dara Rogha]]''''' le [[Celia de Fréine]] a thiteann amach san am atá le teacht, i sochaí dhiostóipeach iar dtubaiste. Ríomhtar scéal Emma agus í sa tóir ar an eolais faoi chéard a tharla dá cara atá ar iarraidh agus faoi fhírinne na sochaí ina d'fhásadar aníos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://comhar.ie/leabhair/an-dara-rogha/|teideal=An Dara Rogha|work=[[LeabhairCOMHAR]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Aonghus Ó Lochlainn]]|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/82/9/an-dara-rogha/|title=An Dara Rogha: Léirmheas le hAonghus Ó Lochlainn|journal=[[Comhar]]|volume=82|issue=9|pages=lgh 22–23|year=2022|month=Meán Fómhair}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://aonghus.blogspot.com/2022/01/saol-nua-misniuil.html|teideal=Saol nua misniúil|údar=[[Aonghus Ó hAlmhain]]|dáta=2022-01-24|work=Smaointe Fánacha Aonghusa|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Eden Project (18999769354).jpg|mion|[[Tionscadal Éidin]], a spreag na [[Bithsféar (ficsean eolaíochta)|Bithsféir]], síltear.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;]]
Úrscéal dorcha, samhlaíoch, suaite atá ann, a fuair moladh ó léirmheastóirí mar leabhar físiúil sainiúil spreagúil, a dhéantar plé neamhumhal ann ar cheisteanna móra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22104594/|teideal=Tús Áite: Mír na Leabhar|dáta=2022-06-01|work=[[RTÉ]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/na-leabhair-ghaeilge-is-fearr-a-foilsiodh-in-2022/|teideal=Na leabhair Ghaeilge is fearr a foilsíodh in 2022|údar=[[Dónall Ó Braonáin]]|dáta=2022-12-20|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://soundcloud.com/clubleabhar/an-dara-rogha-leabhar-mhi-dheireadh-fomhair-2022-octobers-book-of-the-month-2022|teideal=An Dara Rogha - Leabhar mhí Dheireadh Fómhair 2022|údar=[[Clubleabhar.com]]|work=[[Soundcloud]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/leabhair/ceithre-mholadh-randamacha-don-leitheoir-craosach/|teideal=Ceithre mholadh randamacha don léitheoir craosach|údar=[[Hannah Ní Chonghaile]]|dáta=2023-05-11|work=[[NÓS]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}{{Dead link|date=Aibreán 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Suíomh ==
Titeann scéal ''An Dara Rogha'' amach sa Ré Úr, i gcathair ollteicneolaíoch darb ainm [[Bithsféar (ficsean eolaíochta)|Bithsféar]] 9, é dúnta faoi dhíon cosanta. Loisceadh na tailte lasmuigh den screamh shaorga seo fadó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Tá an saol nasctha chomh dlúth sin leis an mBithsféar gur cuid den teanga féin é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Sochaí ollsmachtach atá i réim i mBithsféar 9 ina bhfuil aicmiú docht i bhfeidhm, faire géar ag na hÚdaráis ar an daonra, agus smacht acu ar gach eolas a fhaigheann daoine.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Coinnítear páistí baineann agus fireann ar shiúl óna chéile go dtagann siad in inmhe agus ní bhíonn caidreamh idir chlann agus thuismitheoirí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/85/6/glor-an-mhionlaigh/|title=Glór an Mhionlaigh|journal=[[Comhar]]|volume=85|issue=6|pages=lgh 10–11|author=[[Claire Dunne]]|month=Meitheamh|year=2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; In aois a 17, roinntear na daoine de réir a gcumas intleachta, mar a mheasann an rialtas é, ina gcoláisteánaigh agus ina síolraitheoirí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Tá gnéithe áirithe d'atáirgeadh an daonra meicnithe ach má tá féin, na mná a roghnaítear mar shíolraitheoirí, cuirtear chuig [[Feirm na bhFéatas]] iad, áit a chuirtear iallach orthu páistí a bhreith. Baintear cumas síolraithe den chuid eile den daonra le cóir leighis. Sa Ré Úr, glactar leis an staid seo mar ghnáthchuid den saol, más go míchompordach féin é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Is sa tóir ar fhoirfeacht dhaonna atá na hÚdaráis, mar a fheictear dóibh féin é: fionn, seang, gormshúileach, andraigíneach. Baintear feidhm as an [[eoiginic]], an [[Máinliacht phlaisteach|mháinliacht]] agus drugaí chun cloí leis an gcaighdeán a leagtar síos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Cuirtear daoine geala i lár na staire. Cé go bhfuil cónaí ar gach duine sa bhithsféar céanna, tá ordlathas soiléir maidir leis na tíortha ab fhearr san am atá thart.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

Dá dhoichte greim na nÚdarás ar na daoine faoina gcuing, tá méid áirithe eolais fós ar marthain faoin méid a tharla san am atá thart agus faoi bhealaí eile ina bhíodh sochaithe a riar, ach é a aimsiú.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Scéal ==

Agus an scéal seo ina thús, tá Emma ag cur scrúdaithe di agus ag ceiliúradh a seachtú breithlá déag, cloch mhíle mór sa Bhithsféar, agus ag cur aithne ar dhaoine nua.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Tá sé i leagtha amach di tabhairt faoi chúrsa ardghradaim ollscoile a roghnaíodh di. Nuair a théann a cara cléibh Zara ar iarraidh áfach, caithfidh Emma teacht thart ar ollfhaireachas na nÚdarás chun an rún a fhuascailt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Agus í ag iarraidh fáil amach céard a tharla dá cara nochtfaidh Emma fíricí gránna faoin tsochaí agus beidh go leor dúshlán le sárú, ach is é croí na ceiste ná an mbeidh orthu glacadh lena bhfuil leagtha amach rompu, nó an ann don dara rogha?&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Is scéal é seo faoi fhonn éalaithe, faoi chairdeas, agus faoi chabhair ó chearn nach mbeifí ag súil leis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Téamaí ==
Téann an leabhar i ngleic le téamaí tromchúiseacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Tá machnamh criticiúil ann ar an dtodhchaí, ar eagrú na sochaí agus ar cheisteanna máithreachais, muintearais, agus cultúr mionlaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Éiríonn leis an údar léiriú cé chomh héasca is atá sé glacadh le gnásmhaireachtaí déistineacha agus déanann plé ar &quot;smachtú colainne, an dídhaonnú, agus cumhacht an Stáit&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Is scéal é a bhfuil &quot;go leor don am i láthair&quot; ann, mar aon le machnamh faoin dtodhchaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Úrscéal theacht in inmhe atá ann a bhfuil eachtraíocht ag baint leis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

==Glacadh==
Ainmníodh ''An Dara Rogha'' ar an ngearrliosta do ghradam leabhar Gaeilge na bliana [[Gradaim na Leabhar Éireannach|Ghradaim na Leabhar Éireannach]] 2022&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/cuig-leabhar-ainmnithe-ar-an-ngearrliosta-do-leabhar-gaeilge-na-bliana-ag-na-irish-book-awards/|teideal=Cúig leabhar ainmnithe ar an ngearrliosta do Leabhar Gaeilge na Bliana ag na Irish Book Awards|dáta=2022-10-20|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus bhí sé ar liosta ''[[Tuairisc.ie|Tuairisc]]'' de na leabhair is fearr a foilsíodh sa teanga i rith na bliana sin freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Cuirtear ''An Dara Rogha'' i gcomparáid le saothar [[Margaret Atwood]], [[Louise O'Neill]], [[Aldous Huxley]] agus [[Nineteen Eighty-Four|George Orwell]], bíodh gur ionramháil físiúil agus sainiúil dá cuid féin a dhéanann de Fréine ar na téamaí a bhfuil i gcoiteann leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/review/2022/12/10/aine-ni-ghlinn-on-the-best-irish-language-books-of-2022/|teideal=Áine Ní Ghlinn on the best Irish-language books of 2022|údar=[[Áine Ní Ghlinn]]|dáta=10 Nollaig 2022|language=as Béarla|work=[[The Irish Times]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Thug léirmheastóir de chuid ''[[Nós (iris)|NÓS]]'' [[Hanna Ní Chonghaile]] le fios gur thaitin ''An Dara Rogha'' go mór léi agus go raibh sé &quot;ar aon dul&quot; le clasaicí an tseánra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Dúirt [[Áine Ní Ghlinn]] ar ''[[Tús Áite|Thús Áite]]'' gur úrscéal &quot;thar a bheith taitneamhach&quot; agus &quot;an-spéisiúil&quot; atá ann agus go bhfuil sé &quot;deacair é a leagan as do láimh&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Shíl [[Aonghus Ó hAlmhain]] gur go healaíonta a phlé de Fréine leis na téamaí agus fuair sé cúis dóchais ann freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Thug [[Stiofán Ó Briain]] le fios go bhfuil domhan an scéil &quot;tarraingteach agus spéisiúil&quot; agus go bhfágann an leabhar &quot;le ceisteanna thú&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Luaigh Ní Ghlinn agus Ó hAlmhain gur domhan é a bhfuil sé éasca creidimh ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Gluaiseann an scéal ar aghaidh go maith, a deir léirmheastóir de chuid ''[[Comhar|Chomhar]]'' [[Aonghus Ó Lochlainn]], agus coimeádann sé aird an léitheora.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Dúirt [[Ailbhe van der Heide]] go bhfuil sé &quot;breá éasca le léamh&quot; agus go dtugtar go leor ama don léitheoir teacht i dtaithí ar an domhan agus go ngluaiseann cúrsaí ar aghaidh níos sciobthaí níos faide anonn sa scéal. Mheas sí go bhfuil leagan amach na gcaibidlí leis an am agus na dátaí cabhrach don léitheoir.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Thug Ó Lochlainn le fios gur bhain blurba an leabhair &quot;stangadh&quot; as. Úrscéal &quot;dorcha, samhlaíoch, suaite&quot; atá ann, le fís &quot;an-spreagúil, an-uaillmhianach&quot;. Déanann de Fréine ionramháil ar thrópanna a shamhlaítear le déaglitríocht ficsean-eolaíochta ar bhealach a bhfuil &quot;blas na húire&quot; air trí leas a bhaint astu chun féidearthachtaí dhomhain an scéil a fhionnadh agus chun ceisteanna ionraice a chur &quot;faoinár ndomhan féin, faoi mar a chaitheann muid le chéile, agus faoi cad atá uainn mar dhaoine nó mar phobal&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Chuir léirmheastóirí fáilte roimh áiseanna don léitheoir sa leabhar: léarscáil &quot;a chuidíonn leis an léitheoir an t-aicsean a leanúint agus a chuireann le dealraitheacht an Bhithsféir&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; agus gluais a mhíníonn na beagán téarmaí neamhchoitianta sa leabhar agus cinn a cumadh mar ghléas cruthaithe domhain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; 

Shíl léirmheastóirí áirithe go raibh cuid den chomhrá &quot;ciotach&quot; agus nach raibh cuid de na carachtair tánaisteacha chomh forbartha leis an bpríomhcharachtar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Os a choinne sin scríobh [[Dónall Ó Braonáin]] ar ''[[Tuairisc.ie|Thuairisc]]'' gur éirigh le de Fréine &quot;carachtair sho-aitheanta a chruthú&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Shíl Ó Lochlainn gur éirigh foilsiú an eolais faoin ndomhan don léitheoir &quot;teagascach&quot;, cé go gcuireann nochtadh eolais nua d'Emma agus don léitheoir in éineacht le mothú na taiscéalaíochta. Ba mhaith leis tuilleadh den tsochaí a fheiceáil. Is &quot;miondeacrachtaí&quot; iad seo ar fad áfach, a deir sé, sa leabhar seo atá ar &quot;ardchaighdeán scríbhneoireachta&quot;. Tá &quot;téagar agus mealltacht&quot; ann a deir sé, agus smaointeoireacht &quot;ar scála an-mhór&quot; faoi theacht in inmhe, cearta na colainne, agus cumhacht an Stáit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Cé go luaitear an leabhar a bheith dírithe ar dhéagóirí, tugann léirmheastóirí le fios go bhfuil idir thaitneamh agus lón machnaimh ann don léitheoir fásta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Shíl léirmheastóirí áirithe go mb'fhéidir nach mbeadh sé oiriúnach do dhéagóirí óga toisc na gceisteanna tromchúiseacha a phléitear ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

==Closleabhar==
Fógraíodh i 2026 go raibh closleabhar ''An Dara Rogha'' le bheith foilsithe ina shraith i 2027 mar chuid de chlár nua seachtainiúil litríochta ''Abair Leat''. An t-aisteoir [[Hilary Bowen-Walsh]] atá i mbun guthaithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.raidionalife.ie/closleabhar-den-ursceal-ficsean-eolaiochta-tinte-na-farraige-duibhe-le-tosnu-ar-raidio-na-life/|teideal=Closleabhar den úrscéal ficsean eolaíochta, Tinte na Farraige Duibhe, le tosnú ar Raidió na Life! – Raidió na Life – 106.4 FM|work=[[Raidió na Life]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=Róisín Ní Mhaoláin|dáta=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Naisc amach==
* Suíomh an fhoilsitheora ([[LeabhairCOMHAR]]): [https://comhar.ie/leabhair/an-dara-rogha/ ''An Dara Rogha'']
* [https://www.rte.ie/gaeilge/2022/1112/1333882-leigh-sliocht-as-an-dara-rogha-le-celia-de-freine/ Sliocht as an úrscéal]

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dara Rogha, An}}

[[Catagóir:An Dara Rogha| ]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair le Celia de Fréine]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach i nGaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach Éireannach]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta Éireannach]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta]]
[[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Úrscéalta]]
[[Catagóir:Déaglitríocht na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Déaglitríocht]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh in 2021]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh sna 2020idí]]</text>
      <sha1>mjqtrek3b6bf84fjsccr0ijin52p5jl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332036</id>
      <parentid>1332034</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:49:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nasc curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332036</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13036" sha1="s9kvqcegyyf4x5tfmkac5v6bw1ljk2l" xml:space="preserve">{{Teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}

Is [[:Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach|úrscéal tuairimeach]] é '''''[[An Dara Rogha]]''''' le [[Celia de Fréine]] a thiteann amach san am atá le teacht, i sochaí dhiostóipeach iar dtubaiste. Ríomhtar scéal Emma agus í sa tóir ar an eolais faoi chéard a tharla dá cara atá ar iarraidh agus faoi fhírinne na sochaí ina d'fhásadar aníos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://comhar.ie/leabhair/an-dara-rogha/|teideal=An Dara Rogha|work=[[LeabhairCOMHAR]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Aonghus Ó Lochlainn]]|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/82/9/an-dara-rogha/|title=An Dara Rogha: Léirmheas le hAonghus Ó Lochlainn|journal=[[Comhar]]|volume=82|issue=9|pages=lgh 22–23|year=2022|month=Meán Fómhair}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://aonghus.blogspot.com/2022/01/saol-nua-misniuil.html|teideal=Saol nua misniúil|údar=[[Aonghus Ó hAlmhain]]|dáta=2022-01-24|work=Smaointe Fánacha Aonghusa|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Eden Project (18999769354).jpg|mion|[[Tionscadal Éidin]], a spreag na [[Bithsféar (ficsean eolaíochta)|Bithsféir]], síltear.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;]]
Úrscéal dorcha, samhlaíoch, suaite atá ann, a fuair moladh ó léirmheastóirí mar leabhar físiúil sainiúil spreagúil, a dhéantar plé neamhumhal ann ar cheisteanna móra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22104594/|teideal=Tús Áite: Mír na Leabhar|dáta=2022-06-01|work=[[RTÉ]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/na-leabhair-ghaeilge-is-fearr-a-foilsiodh-in-2022/|teideal=Na leabhair Ghaeilge is fearr a foilsíodh in 2022|údar=[[Dónall Ó Braonáin]]|dáta=2022-12-20|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://soundcloud.com/clubleabhar/an-dara-rogha-leabhar-mhi-dheireadh-fomhair-2022-octobers-book-of-the-month-2022|teideal=An Dara Rogha - Leabhar mhí Dheireadh Fómhair 2022|údar=[[Clubleabhar.com]]|work=[[Soundcloud]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/leabhair/ceithre-mholadh-randamacha-don-leitheoir-craosach/|teideal=Ceithre mholadh randamacha don léitheoir craosach|údar=[[Hannah Ní Chonghaile]]|dáta=2023-05-11|work=[[NÓS]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-26}}{{Dead link|date=Aibreán 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Suíomh ==
Titeann scéal ''An Dara Rogha'' amach sa Ré Úr, i gcathair ollteicneolaíoch darb ainm [[Bithsféar (ficsean eolaíochta)|Bithsféar]] 9, é dúnta faoi dhíon cosanta. Loisceadh na tailte lasmuigh den screamh shaorga seo fadó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Tá an saol nasctha chomh dlúth sin leis an mBithsféar gur cuid den teanga féin é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Sochaí ollsmachtach atá i réim i mBithsféar 9 ina bhfuil aicmiú docht i bhfeidhm, faire géar ag na hÚdaráis ar an daonra, agus smacht acu ar gach eolas a fhaigheann daoine.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Coinnítear páistí baineann agus fireann ar shiúl óna chéile go dtagann siad in inmhe agus ní bhíonn caidreamh idir chlann agus thuismitheoirí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/85/6/glor-an-mhionlaigh/|title=Glór an Mhionlaigh|journal=[[Comhar]]|volume=85|issue=6|pages=lgh 10–11|author=[[Claire Dunne]]|month=Meitheamh|year=2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; In aois a 17, roinntear na daoine de réir a gcumas intleachta, mar a mheasann an rialtas é, ina gcoláisteánaigh agus ina síolraitheoirí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Tá gnéithe áirithe d'atáirgeadh an daonra meicnithe ach má tá féin, na mná a roghnaítear mar shíolraitheoirí, cuirtear chuig [[Feirm na bhFéatas]] iad, áit a chuirtear iallach orthu páistí a bhreith. Baintear cumas síolraithe den chuid eile den daonra le cóir leighis. Sa Ré Úr, glactar leis an staid seo mar ghnáthchuid den saol, más go míchompordach féin é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Is sa tóir ar fhoirfeacht dhaonna atá na hÚdaráis, mar a fheictear dóibh féin é: fionn, seang, gormshúileach, andraigíneach. Baintear feidhm as an [[eoiginic]], an [[Máinliacht phlaisteach|mháinliacht]] agus drugaí chun cloí leis an gcaighdeán a leagtar síos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Cuirtear daoine geala i lár na staire. Cé go bhfuil cónaí ar gach duine sa bhithsféar céanna, tá ordlathas soiléir maidir leis na tíortha ab fhearr san am atá thart.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

Dá dhoichte greim na nÚdarás ar na daoine faoina gcuing, tá méid áirithe eolais fós ar marthain faoin méid a tharla san am atá thart agus faoi bhealaí eile ina bhíodh sochaithe a riar, ach é a aimsiú.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Scéal ==

Agus an scéal seo ina thús, tá Emma ag cur scrúdaithe di agus ag ceiliúradh a seachtú breithlá déag, cloch mhíle mór sa Bhithsféar, agus ag cur aithne ar dhaoine nua.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Tá sé i leagtha amach di tabhairt faoi chúrsa ardghradaim ollscoile a roghnaíodh di. Nuair a théann a cara cléibh Zara ar iarraidh áfach, caithfidh Emma teacht thart ar ollfhaireachas na nÚdarás chun an rún a fhuascailt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Agus í ag iarraidh fáil amach céard a tharla dá cara nochtfaidh Emma fíricí gránna faoin tsochaí agus beidh go leor dúshlán le sárú, ach is é croí na ceiste ná an mbeidh orthu glacadh lena bhfuil leagtha amach rompu, nó an ann don dara rogha?&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Is scéal é seo faoi fhonn éalaithe, faoi chairdeas, agus faoi chabhair ó chearn nach mbeifí ag súil leis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Téamaí ==
Téann an leabhar i ngleic le téamaí tromchúiseacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Tá machnamh criticiúil ann ar an dtodhchaí, ar eagrú na sochaí agus ar cheisteanna máithreachais, muintearais, agus cultúr mionlaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Éiríonn leis an údar léiriú cé chomh héasca is atá sé glacadh le gnásmhaireachtaí déistineacha agus déanann plé ar &quot;smachtú colainne, an dídhaonnú, agus cumhacht an Stáit&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Is scéal é a bhfuil &quot;go leor don am i láthair&quot; ann, mar aon le machnamh faoin dtodhchaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Úrscéal theacht in inmhe atá ann a bhfuil eachtraíocht ag baint leis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

==Glacadh==
Ainmníodh ''An Dara Rogha'' ar an ngearrliosta do ghradam leabhar Gaeilge na bliana [[Gradaim na Leabhar Éireannach|Ghradaim na Leabhar Éireannach]] 2022&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/cuig-leabhar-ainmnithe-ar-an-ngearrliosta-do-leabhar-gaeilge-na-bliana-ag-na-irish-book-awards/|teideal=Cúig leabhar ainmnithe ar an ngearrliosta do Leabhar Gaeilge na Bliana ag na Irish Book Awards|dáta=2022-10-20|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus bhí sé ar liosta ''[[Tuairisc.ie|Tuairisc]]'' de na leabhair is fearr a foilsíodh sa teanga i rith na bliana sin freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Cuirtear ''An Dara Rogha'' i gcomparáid le saothar [[Margaret Atwood]], [[Louise O'Neill]], [[Aldous Huxley]] agus [[Nineteen Eighty-Four|George Orwell]], bíodh gur ionramháil físiúil agus sainiúil dá cuid féin a dhéanann de Fréine ar na téamaí a bhfuil i gcoiteann leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/review/2022/12/10/aine-ni-ghlinn-on-the-best-irish-language-books-of-2022/|teideal=Áine Ní Ghlinn on the best Irish-language books of 2022|údar=[[Áine Ní Ghlinn]]|dáta=10 Nollaig 2022|language=as Béarla|work=[[The Irish Times]]|dátarochtana=2026-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Thug léirmheastóir de chuid ''[[Nós (iris)|NÓS]]'' [[Hanna Ní Chonghaile]] le fios gur thaitin ''An Dara Rogha'' go mór léi agus go raibh sé &quot;ar aon dul&quot; le clasaicí an tseánra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Dúirt [[Áine Ní Ghlinn]] ar ''[[Tús Áite|Thús Áite]]'' gur úrscéal &quot;thar a bheith taitneamhach&quot; agus &quot;an-spéisiúil&quot; atá ann agus go bhfuil sé &quot;deacair é a leagan as do láimh&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Shíl [[Aonghus Ó hAlmhain]] gur go healaíonta a phlé de Fréine leis na téamaí agus fuair sé cúis dóchais ann freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Thug [[Stiofán Ó Briain]] le fios go bhfuil domhan an scéil &quot;tarraingteach agus spéisiúil&quot; agus go bhfágann an leabhar &quot;le ceisteanna thú&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Luaigh Ní Ghlinn agus Ó hAlmhain gur domhan é a bhfuil sé éasca creidimh ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Gluaiseann an scéal ar aghaidh go maith, a deir léirmheastóir de chuid ''[[Comhar|Chomhar]]'' [[Aonghus Ó Lochlainn]], agus coimeádann sé aird an léitheora.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Dúirt [[Ailbhe van der Heide]] go bhfuil sé &quot;breá éasca le léamh&quot; agus go dtugtar go leor ama don léitheoir teacht i dtaithí ar an domhan agus go ngluaiseann cúrsaí ar aghaidh níos sciobthaí níos faide anonn sa scéal. Mheas sí go bhfuil leagan amach na gcaibidlí leis an am agus na dátaí cabhrach don léitheoir.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Thug Ó Lochlainn le fios gur bhain blurba an leabhair &quot;stangadh&quot; as. Úrscéal &quot;dorcha, samhlaíoch, suaite&quot; atá ann, le fís &quot;an-spreagúil, an-uaillmhianach&quot;. Déanann de Fréine ionramháil ar thrópanna a shamhlaítear le déaglitríocht ficsean-eolaíochta ar bhealach a bhfuil &quot;blas na húire&quot; air trí leas a bhaint astu chun féidearthachtaí dhomhain an scéil a fhionnadh agus chun ceisteanna ionraice a chur &quot;faoinár ndomhan féin, faoi mar a chaitheann muid le chéile, agus faoi cad atá uainn mar dhaoine nó mar phobal&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Chuir léirmheastóirí fáilte roimh áiseanna don léitheoir sa leabhar: léarscáil &quot;a chuidíonn leis an léitheoir an t-aicsean a leanúint agus a chuireann le dealraitheacht an Bhithsféir&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; agus gluais a mhíníonn na beagán téarmaí neamhchoitianta sa leabhar agus cinn a cumadh mar ghléas cruthaithe domhain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; 

Shíl léirmheastóirí áirithe go raibh cuid den chomhrá &quot;ciotach&quot; agus nach raibh cuid de na carachtair tánaisteacha chomh forbartha leis an bpríomhcharachtar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Os a choinne sin scríobh [[Dónall Ó Braonáin]] ar ''[[Tuairisc.ie|Thuairisc]]'' gur éirigh le de Fréine &quot;carachtair sho-aitheanta a chruthú&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Shíl Ó Lochlainn gur éirigh foilsiú an eolais faoin ndomhan don léitheoir &quot;teagascach&quot;, cé go gcuireann nochtadh eolais nua d'Emma agus don léitheoir in éineacht le mothú na taiscéalaíochta. Ba mhaith leis tuilleadh den tsochaí a fheiceáil. Is &quot;miondeacrachtaí&quot; iad seo ar fad áfach, a deir sé, sa leabhar seo atá ar &quot;ardchaighdeán scríbhneoireachta&quot;. Tá &quot;téagar agus mealltacht&quot; ann a deir sé, agus smaointeoireacht &quot;ar scála an-mhór&quot; faoi theacht in inmhe, cearta na colainne, agus cumhacht an Stáit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Cé go luaitear an leabhar a bheith dírithe ar dhéagóirí, tugann léirmheastóirí le fios go bhfuil idir thaitneamh agus lón machnaimh ann don léitheoir fásta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Shíl léirmheastóirí áirithe go mb'fhéidir nach mbeadh sé oiriúnach do dhéagóirí óga toisc na gceisteanna tromchúiseacha a phléitear ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

==Closleabhar==
Fógraíodh i 2026 go raibh closleabhar ''An Dara Rogha'' le bheith foilsithe ina shraith i 2027 mar chuid de chlár nua seachtainiúil litríochta ''[[Abair Leat]]''. An t-aisteoir [[Hilary Bowen-Walsh]] atá i mbun guthaithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.raidionalife.ie/closleabhar-den-ursceal-ficsean-eolaiochta-tinte-na-farraige-duibhe-le-tosnu-ar-raidio-na-life/|teideal=Closleabhar den úrscéal ficsean eolaíochta, Tinte na Farraige Duibhe, le tosnú ar Raidió na Life! – Raidió na Life – 106.4 FM|work=[[Raidió na Life]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06|údar=Róisín Ní Mhaoláin|dáta=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Naisc amach==
* Suíomh an fhoilsitheora ([[LeabhairCOMHAR]]): [https://comhar.ie/leabhair/an-dara-rogha/ ''An Dara Rogha'']
* [https://www.rte.ie/gaeilge/2022/1112/1333882-leigh-sliocht-as-an-dara-rogha-le-celia-de-freine/ Sliocht as an úrscéal]

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dara Rogha, An}}

[[Catagóir:An Dara Rogha| ]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair le Celia de Fréine]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach i nGaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach Éireannach]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta i nGaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta Éireannach]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean eolaíochta]]
[[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Úrscéalta]]
[[Catagóir:Déaglitríocht na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Déaglitríocht]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh in 2021]]
[[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh sna 2020idí]]</text>
      <sha1>s9kvqcegyyf4x5tfmkac5v6bw1ljk2l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Báite</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>124078</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332069</id>
      <parentid>1324267</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:09:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nasc curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332069</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6221" sha1="0yftvymj7v4m6p7o6vvbq46k3l0rkxi" xml:space="preserve">{{Teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Scannáin}}

Is scannán dúrún dúnmharaithe é '''''[[Báite]]''''', a thiteann amach sna [[1970idí|70idí]]. Tá Peggy Casey ag iarraidh a teach tábhairne a choinneáil beo i mbaile tuaithe in iarthar na hÉireann, ach nuair a aimsítear corp sa loch in aice leo cuireann sé an pobal ar fad in aer. Scéal grá, feallta agus fionnachtana atá ann. [[Danú Media]] a léirigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/cultur-closleabhar-madame-lazare-feile-sean-nois-agus-nosanna-nua-i-ngaillimh-imeachtai-teaghlaigh-i-maigh-eo-ar-thoir-bhrid-ni-mhaille-i-mbaile-bhuirne/|teideal=Fleadh Scannán na Gaillimhe|údar=[[Bridget Bhreathnach]]|dáta=2025-07-04|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/cultur-dha-dhrama-le-haisteoiri-an-spideil-comhar-ra-i-mbaile-bhuirne-gaelgairi-i-ngaoth-dobhair-baite-sna-pictiurlanna/|teideal=An scannán Báite sna pictiúrlanna ar fud na tíre|údar=[[Bridget Bhreathnach]]|dáta=2026-03-13|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Judy Murphy|date=4 Iúil 2025|title=Galway feature 'Báite' to premiere at Fleadh|journal=[[An Curadh Connachtach]]|pages=lch 79|url=https://connachttribune.ie/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/galway-feature-baite-to-premiere-at-film-fleadh-5592613}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Is í [[Siobhán Lambert]] a scríobh ''Báite'', bunaithe ar a húrscéal féin ''The Lake''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lch 2|date=25 Meitheamh 2025|title=Scannán na Seachtaine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=27 Feabhra 2026|title=Scannán Gaeilge &quot;Báite&quot; ar an scáileán mór le linn Sheachtain na Gaeilge|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|issue=69|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/02/scannan-gaeilge-baite-ar-an-scailean-mor-le-linn-sheachtain-na-gaeilge/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is é an naoú scannán ó cheárta Cine4 é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/roinn-le-moladh-faoin-scannan-is-deanai-o-cine-4-ach-urchar-amu-e-baite/|teideal=Roinnt le moladh faoin scannán is déanaí ó Cine4, ach urchar amú é ‘Báite’|údar=[[Maitiú Ó Coimín]]|dáta=2026-03-11|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rinneadh é a scannánú ar an [[An Spidéal|Spidéal]], [[Béal an Daingin]], [[Loch na Fuaiche]], agus sa [[An Ghráig, Contae na Gaillimhe (Baile na Cille)|Ghráig]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Cuireadh céadléiriú ''Báite'' ar an scáileáin i láthair ag [[Fleadh Scannán na Gaillimhe]] 2025, áit ar bhuaigh sé an duais don fhadscannán Gaeilge is fearr.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.galwayfilmfleadh.com/awards-presented-at-the-37th-edition-of-the-galway-film-fleadh/|teideal=AWARDS PRESENTED at the 37th edition of the GALWAY FILM FLEADH|údar=Brian O'Dowd|dáta=2025-07-14|language=as Béarla|work=[[Galway Film Fleadh]]|dátarochtana=2026-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tháinig a eisiúint sna pictiúrlanna i rith [[Seachtain na Gaeilge|Sheachtain na Gaeilge]] 2026.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Storm Eaton-Kilgallen]]|date=25 Feabhra 2026|title=SpongeBob agus Báite le feiceáil i bpictiúrlanna na tíre i rith Sheachtain na Gaeilge|journal=[[Seachtain (nuachtán)|Seachtain]]|pages=lch 3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

==Glacadh==
Ghnóthaigh ''Báite'' an duais don fhadscannán Gaeilge is fearr ag [[Fleadh Scannán na Gaillimhe]] 2025.

Bronnadh gradam [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|ASTÉ]] (IFTA) ar an scór nuachumtha le Eimear Noone agus Craig Stuart Garfinkle ag na gradaim in 2026, agus fuair sé ainmniúcháin i dtrí chatagóir eile: Eleanor O’Brien don Bhanaisteoir is Fearr, Ruán Magan don Stiúrthóir is Fearr, agus fuair Sheena Lambert ainmniúchán don script.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/11-ainmniuchan-ag-scannain-agus-clair-theilifise-ghaeilge-ag-gradam-scannan-agus-teilifise-na-heireann/|teideal=11 ainmniúchán ag scannáin agus cláir theilifíse Ghaeilge ag Gradam Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann|údar=[[Maitiú Ó Coimín]]|dáta=2026-01-20|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2026-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Shíl léirmheastóir de chuid ''[[Tuairisc.ie|Tuairisc]]'' go raibh &quot;caighdeán níos ísle&quot; ag baint le ''Báite'' ná le leithéidí ''[[An Cailín Ciúin]]''. Luaigh sé míréir idir chanúintí na gcarachtar agus mar a chuirtear i láthair iad, agus laigeachtaí sa phlota a d'fhág mar &quot;urchar amú&quot; é. Os a choinne sin, mheas sé go raibh an chineamatagrafaíochta go hálainn, gur léirigh na prapaí, feisteas agus fearais Éire na 70idí go maith, mhol sé an fuaimrian agus amhránaíocht, agus dúirt go bhfuil &quot;an-taispeántais aisteoireachta tughta ag roinnt mhaith den chliar – go háirithe an príomhcharachtar Peggy (Eleanor O’Brien)&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

Dúirt léirmheastóir leis an g''[[An Curadh Connachtach|Curadh Connachtach]]'' go bhfuil cliar thar cinn ar an scannán seo a rinneadh ar bhuiséad beag. Is amhlaidh go raibh sé mar aidhm acu na radharcanna sna 1970s a léiriú go comhaimseartha agus go beoga, agus d'éirigh leo a deir sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; 

Thug léirmheastóir leis ''[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An bPáipéar]]'' &quot;léiriú atmaisféarach&quot; air agus dúirt go raibh &quot;léirithe cumhachtacha aisteoireachta&quot; ann. Luaigh é a bheith le feiceáil sna pictiúrlanna i rithe Sheachtain na Gaeilge mar cheann de bhuaicphointí na féile sin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 

==Naisc amach==
* Suíomh oifigiúil: [https://www.baite.ie/about baite.ie]
* Léirmheas ar ''[[Tuairisc.ie|Thuairisc]]'': [https://tuairisc.ie/roinn-le-moladh-faoin-scannan-is-deanai-o-cine-4-ach-urchar-amu-e-baite/ Léirmheas le Maitiú Ó Coimín]

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baite}}
[[Catagóir:Scannáin 2026]]
[[Catagóir:Scannáin na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Scannáin Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Scannáin TG4]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean stairiúil na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Ficsean stairiúil]]
[[Catagóir:Scéalta bleachtaireachta na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Scéalta bleachtaireachta]]</text>
      <sha1>0yftvymj7v4m6p7o6vvbq46k3l0rkxi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>St Sepulchre's Palace</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>126928</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332102</id>
      <parentid>1319857</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T09:44:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Is aistriúchán meaisín é.  abairt ar abairt, ar alt Béarla.   Tá lorg an Bhéarla ar an nGaeilge.   Mar sh &quot;breis is trí scór bliain&quot; =   &quot;more than three decades&quot;</comment>
      <origin>1332102</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Michael Hourigan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>127668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332101</id>
      <parentid>1331538</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T09:30:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Is droch-aistriúchán meaisín é..  Tá lorg an Bhéarla ar an nGaeilge.</comment>
      <origin>1332101</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Teaghlach Kelly</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128296</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332081</id>
      <parentid>1326873</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:39:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Is aistriúchán meaisín é,  agus ní alt maith é. Tá an chuid is mó den ábhar róchosúil le hábhar ginealais féinfhoilsithe.  Tá lorg an Bhéarla ar an nGaeilge.   Tá na fadhbanna is tromchúisí san alt Béarla féin, agus aistríodh iad gan athrú.</comment>
      <origin>1332081</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrick Hourigan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128327</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332106</id>
      <parentid>1331537</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:15:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332106</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8251" sha1="gl8omervtc06vtky4hju9sj8ogtokh0" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Ba pholaiteoir de chuid [[Fine Gael|Fhine Gael]] é '''Patrick &quot;Paddy&quot; Hourigan''' (1934 – 7 Bealtaine 2022). Ó 1972 go 2004 bhí sé ina chomhairleoir ar [[Comhairle Contae Luimnigh|Chomhairle Contae Luimnigh]], ag déanamh ionadaíochta do thoghlimistéar áitiúil [[Caisleán Uí Chonaill|Chaisleán Uí Chonaill]], agus bhí sé ina Chathaoirleach ar an gcomhairle in 1993–1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;limerick&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.limerick.ie/council/newsroom/news/mayor-expresses-sympathies-death-former-cathaoirleach-limerick-county-council|teideal=Mayor expresses sympathies on death of former Cathaoirleach of Limerick County Council|work=Limerick.ie|foilsitheoir=[[Comhairle Cathrach agus Contae Luimnigh]]|dáta=2022-05-09|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a chaill sé a shuíochán in 2004, ba é an comhairleoir ab fhaide seirbhís ar an gcomhairle é.&lt;ref name=&quot;irishtimes&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/former-rugby-international-ginger-mcloughlin-wins-city-council-seat-1.1144694|teideal=Former rugby international 'Ginger' McLoughlin wins city council seat|údar=Karl Hanlon|work=The Irish Times|dáta=2004-06-14|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tús a shaoil ==
Rugadh Hourigan sa bhliain 1934.&lt;ref name=&quot;leader2014&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/news/194538/Tributes-aplenty-at-very-last-Castleconnell.html|teideal=Tributes aplenty at very last Castleconnell area meeting|údar=Donal O'Regan|work=Limerick Leader|dáta=2014-05-18|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba as an Eanach é, baile fearainn i bparóiste Mhainistir Uaithne, gar do [[Maigh Rua|Mhaigh Rua]] in oirthear [[Contae Luimnigh|Chontae Luimnigh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/31426|teideal=An tEanach/Annagh|work=Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann (logainm.ie)|foilsitheoir=An Coimisiún Logainmneacha|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba fheirmeoir é a athair, James Hourigan. Phós sé Mona Lane sa bhliain 1932, agus thóg sé teach nua ar an bhfeirm an bhliain chéanna, ''The Orchards''.&lt;ref name=&quot;humphrys&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://humphrysfamilytree.com/Hourigan/james.orchards.html|teideal=James Hourigan, of the &quot;Orchards&quot;, Annagh|údar=Mark Humphrys|work=Humphrys genealogy|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí beirt deartháireacha agus seisear deirfiúracha aige.&lt;ref name=&quot;dignity&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/pompano-beach-fl/michael-hourigan-5088320|teideal=Father Michael Joseph Hourigan|work=Dignity Memorial|dáta=2012-05-02|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí a dheartháir [[Richard Hourigan]] (a fuair bás in 2002) ina bhall de [[Seanad Éireann]] ar son Fhine Gael ar feadh dhá thréimhse, 1982–1987 agus 1989–1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;examiner&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-30076157.html|teideal=Former Fine Gael Senator dies|work=Irish Examiner|dáta=2002-11-10|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Richard-V-Hourigan.S.1982-05-13/|teideal=Richard Hourigan|work=Oireachtas.ie|foilsitheoir=Tithe an Oireachtais|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sagart Caitliceach ba ea an deartháir eile, an tAthair Michael Hourigan (1941–2012), a d'oibrigh sna Stáit Aontaithe ó 1966 go dtí a bhás.&lt;ref name=&quot;dignity&quot; /&gt;

Phós Hourigan Anne, agus bhí beirt iníonacha agus beirt mhac acu.&lt;ref name=&quot;limerick&quot; /&gt;

== Gairm pholaitiúil ==
Comhthoghadh Hourigan ar Chomhairle Contae Luimnigh in 1972, in áit John D. O'Dwyer, a d'éirigh as a shuíochán. Toghadh é ina dhiaidh sin cúig huaire as a chéile, sna toghcháin áitiúla in 1974, 1979, 1985, 1991 agus 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;limerick&quot; /&gt; Níor shroich sé an cuóta ar an gcéad chomhaireamh in aon cheann acu; ba in 1985 a fuair sé an toradh ab fhearr, 1,364 vóta céadrogha (90% den chuóta).&lt;ref name=&quot;irelandelection&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://irelandelection.com/candidate.php?candid=11974|teideal=Paddy Hourigan|work=IrelandElection.com|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Toghadh ina Chathaoirleach ar an gcomhairle é don bhliain 1993–1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;limerick&quot; /&gt;

Chaill sé a shuíochán sna toghcháin áitiúla sa bhliain 2004, nuair a fuair sé 1,069 vóta céadrogha (7.4%).&lt;ref name=&quot;irelandelection&quot; /&gt; Bhí sé 32 bliain ar an gcomhairle faoin am sin.&lt;ref name=&quot;irishtimes&quot; /&gt;

=== Stair thoghchánach ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+ Torthaí Hourigan i dtoghlimistéar áitiúil Chaisleán Uí Chonaill&lt;ref name=&quot;limerick&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;irelandelection&quot; /&gt;
|-
! Bliain !! Vótaí céadrogha !! Sciar !! Cuótaí !! Toradh
|-
| 1972 || – || – || – || Comhthoghadh
|-
| 1974 || 829 || 8.4% || 0.59 || Toghadh
|-
| 1979 || 1,290 || 25.1% || 0.84 || Toghadh
|-
| 1985 || 1,364 || 12.9% || 0.90 || Toghadh
|-
| 1991 || 1,048 || 9.2% || 0.64 || Toghadh
|-
| 1999 || 899 || 7.3% || 0.58 || Toghadh
|-
| 2004 || 1,069 || 7.4% || 0.59 || Níor toghadh
|}

== Saol níos déanaí ==
Tar éis dó an chomhairle a fhágáil, bhí sé an-ghníomhach in imeachtaí pobail i Maigh Rua.&lt;ref name=&quot;post&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.limerickpost.ie/2022/05/08/tributes-paid-to-former-limerick-council-chairman/|teideal=Tributes paid to former Limerick Council Chairman|work=Limerick Post|dáta=2022-05-08|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2014, cuireadh deireadh le toghlimistéar áitiúil Chaisleán Uí Chonaill, agus roinneadh idir dhá thoghlimistéar nua é. I mBealtaine na bliana sin, agus é ceithre scór bliain d'aois, bhí Hourigan i láthair ag an gcruinniú deireanach de choiste an toghlimistéir, a tionóladh sa Choinicéar.&lt;ref name=&quot;leader2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/32406|teideal=An Coinicéar/Nicker|work=Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann (logainm.ie)|foilsitheoir=An Coimisiún Logainmneacha|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuimhnigh sé ar na comhairleoirí agus ar bhaill foirne na comhairle a bhí imithe ar shlí na fírinne, agus dúirt sé go raibh athrú mór ag teacht agus go raibh súil aige gur chun feabhais a bheadh sé.&lt;ref name=&quot;leader2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Béarla: &quot;It is a sad day for the area and county. There is big change coming and I hope it is for the better.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bás ==
Fuair Hourigan bás ina theach féin san Eanach ar an 7 Bealtaine 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;leader2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/home/807228/tributes-paid-to-a-colossus-in-politics-in-limerick.html|teideal=Tributes paid to a 'colossus' in politics in Limerick|údar=Donal O'Regan|work=Limerick Leader|dáta=2022-05-08|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;post&quot; /&gt; Mhol [[Méara Luimnigh]], Daniel Butler, é mar dhuine uasal go smior.&lt;ref name=&quot;limerick&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Béarla: &quot;Paddy was one of life's true gentlemen&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; Dúirt [[Kieran O'Donnell]], Teachta Dála de chuid Fhine Gael, gur fathach a bhí ann i bpolaitíocht Luimnigh agus sa pholaitíocht áitiúil ar feadh na mblianta fada.&lt;ref name=&quot;leader2022&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Béarla: &quot;colossus in Limerick and local politics over many decades&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tionóladh cruinniú speisialta de [[Comhairle Cathrach agus Contae Luimnigh|Chomhairle Cathrach agus Contae Luimnigh]] ar líne ar an 10 Bealtaine chun ómós a thabhairt dó, agus bhí bratach na hÉireann ar leathchrann ar fhoirgnimh na comhairle go dtí tar éis na sochraide. Léadh Aifreann éagnairce dó i Maigh Rua an lá céanna, agus cuireadh é i reilig an Eanaigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;limerick&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Teaghlach Hourigan]]
* [[Comhairle Contae Luimnigh]]
* [[Comhairle Cathrach agus Contae Luimnigh]]
* [[Caisleán Uí Chonaill]]
* [[Kieran O'Donnell]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hourigan, Patrick}}
[[Catagóir:Baill Fhine Gael]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2022]]
[[Catagóir:Cathaoirligh Chomhairle Contae Luimnigh]]
[[Catagóir:Comhairleoirí Áitiúla]]
[[Catagóir:Comhairleoirí Áitiúla i gContae Luimnigh]]
[[Catagóir:Contae Luimnigh]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1934]]
[[Catagóir:Fine Gael]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Contae Luimnigh]]
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí Éireannacha an 20ú haois]]
[[Catagóir:Teaghlach Hourigan]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine curtha i reilig an Eanaigh]]</text>
      <sha1>gl8omervtc06vtky4hju9sj8ogtokh0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Liosta de chomhdúile neamhorgánacha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128596</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331967</id>
      <parentid>1331863</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:42:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Al (Alúmanam) */</comment>
      <origin>1331967</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="124504" sha1="bn49rwp95ic25urqlmiawdi9xek7p4s" xml:space="preserve">Cé go ndéantar tagairt d'fhormhór na gcomhdhúl lena n-ainmneacha córasacha [[Aontas Idirnáisiúnta na Glan-Cheimice agus na Ceimice Feidhmí|IUPAC]] (ag leanúint [[Ainmníocht Aontas Idirnáisiúnta na Glan-Cheimice agus na Ceimice Feidhmí (AIGCF)|ainmníocht IUPAC]] ), coinníodh ainmneacha traidisiúnta freisin i gcás ina bhfuil siad in úsáid fhorleathan nó i gcás ina bhfuil spéis shuntasach stairiúil iontu.

== A ==
=== [[Achtainiam|Ac]] ([[Achtainiam]]) ===
[[Actinium(III) chloride]] – [[Clóiríd aictiniam(III)]] – {{chem2|AcCl3}}

[[Actinium(III) fluoride]] –[[Fluairíd aictiniam(III)]] – {{chem2|AcF3}}

[[Actinium(III) oxide]] – [[Ocsaíd achtainiam(III)]] – {{chem2|Ac2O3}}

[[Actinium(III) sulfide]] – [[Sulfíd achtainiam(III)]] – {{chem2|Ac2S3}}

[[Actinium(III) nitrate]] – [[Níotráit achtainiam(III)]] – {{chem2|Ac(NO3)3}}

[[Actinium(III) bromide]] –  [[Bróimíd achtainiam(III)]] – {{chem2|AcBr3}}

[[Actinium(III) hydroxide]] – [[Hiodrocsaíd achtiniam(III)]] – {{chem2|Ac(OH)3}}

[[Actinium(III) iodide]] –  [[Iaidíd achtiniam(III)]] – {{chem2|AcI3}}

[[Actinium(III) phosphate]] –  [[Fosfáit achtainiam(III)]] – {{chem2|AcPO4}}

=== [[Aluminium|Al]] ([[Alúmanam]]) ===
[[Aluminium antimonide]] – [[Antamóiníd alúmanaim]] – AlSb

[[Aluminium arsenate]] – [[Arsanáit alúmanaim]] – {{chem2|AlAsO4}}

[[Aluminium arsenide]] – [[Arsainíd alúmanaim]] – AlAs

[[Aluminium diboride]] – [[Débhóiríd alúmanaim]] – {{chem2|AlB2}}

[[Aluminium bromide]] – [[Bróimíd alúmanaim]] – {{chem2|AlBr3}}

[[Aluminium carbide]] – [[Cairbíd alúmanaim]] – {{chem2|Al4C3}}

[[Aluminium iodide]] – Iaidíd alúmanaim – {{chem2|AlI3}}

[[Aluminium nitride]] – Nítríd alúmanaim – AlN

[[Aluminium oxide]] – Ocsaíd alúmanaim – {{chem2|Al2O3}}

[[Aluminium phosphide]] – Fosfíd alúmanaim – AlP

[[Aluminium chloride]] – Clóiríd alúmanaim – {{chem2|AlCl3}}

[[Aluminium fluoride]] – Fluairíd alúmanaim – {{chem2|AlF3}}

[[Aluminium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd alúmanaim – {{chem2|Al(OH)3}}

[[Aluminium nitrate]] – Níotráit alúmanaim – {{chem2|Al(NO3)3}}

[[Aluminium sulfide]] – Suilfíd alúmanaim – {{chem2|Al2S3}}

[[Aluminium sulfate]] – Suilfáit alúmanaim – {{chem2|Al2(SO4)3}}

[[Aluminium potassium sulfate]] – Suilfáit alúmanaim agus potaisiam – {{chem2|KAl(SO4)2}}

[[Aluminium hydride]] – Hiodríd alúmanaim – {{chem2|AlH3}}

=== [[Americium|Am]] ([[Aimeiricam]]) ===
[[Americium(II) bromide]] – [[Bróimíd aimeiriciam(II)]] – {{chem2|AmBr2}}

[[Americium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd aimeiriciam(III) – {{chem2|AmBr3}}

[[Americium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd aimeiriciam(II) – {{chem2|AmCl2}}

[[Americium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd aimeiriciam(III) – {{chem2|AmCl3}}

[[Americium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd aimeiriciam(III) – {{chem2|AmF3}}

[[Americium(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd aimeiriciam(IV) – {{chem2|AmF4}}

[[Americium(II) iodide]] – Iaidíd aimeiriciam(II) – {{chem2|AmI2}}

[[Americium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd aimeiriciam(III) – {{chem2|AmI3}}

[[Americium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd aimeiriciam – {{chem2|AmO2}}

=== {{chem2|NH3}}/[[Ammonium|{{chem2|[NH4]+}}]] ([[Amóinia]] ) ===
[[Ammonia]] – [[Amóinia]] – {{chem2|NH3}}

[[Ammonium azide]] – Aisíd amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]N3}}

[[Ammonium bicarbonate]] – [[Décharbónáit amóiniam]] – {{chem2|[NH4]HCO3}}

[[Ammonium bisulfate]] – Déshuilfáit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]HSO4}}

[[Ammonium bromide]] – Bróimíd amóiniam – {{chem2|NH4Br}}

[[Ammonium chromate]] – Crómáit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]2CrO4}}

[[Ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate]] – Níotráit amóiniam agus ceiriam(IV) – {{chem2|[NH4]2[Ce(NO3)6]}}

[[Ammonium cerium(IV) sulfate]] – Suilfáit amóiniam agus ceiriam(IV) – {{chem2|[NH4]4[Ce(SO4)4]}}

[[Ammonium chloride]] – Clóiríd amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]Cl}}

[[Ammonium chlorate]] – Clóráit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]ClO3}}

[[Ammonium cyanide]] – Ciainíd amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]CN}}

[[Ammonium dichromate]] – Déchrómáit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]2Cr2O7}}

[[Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate]] – Déhiodríginfosfáit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]H2PO4}}

[[Ammonium hexafluoroaluminate]] – Heicseafluairíalúmanaít amóiniam – AlF&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Ammonium hexafluorophosphate]] – Heicseafluairífosfáit amóiniam – F&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;NP

[[Ammonium hexachloroplatinate]] – Heicseaclóiríplatanáit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]2[PtCl6]}}

[[Ammonium hexafluorosilicate]] – Heicseafluairísileacáit amóiniam

[[Ammonium hexafluorotitanate]] – Heicseafluairítiotanáit amóiniam

[[Ammonium hexafluorozirconate]] – Heicseafluairísiarcónáit amóiniam

[[Ammonium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]OH}}

[[Ammonium nitrate]] – Níotráit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]NO3}}

[[Ammonium orthomolybdate]] – Ortaimolabdáit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]2MoO4}}

[[Ammonium sulfamate]] – Suilfaimáit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]SO3NH2}}

[[Ammonium sulfide]] – Suilfíd amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]2S}}

[[Ammonium sulfite]] – Suilfít amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]2SO3}}

[[Ammonium sulfate]] – Suilfáit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]2SO4}}

[[Ammonium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]ClO4}}

[[Ammonium permanganate]] – Sár-mhangaináit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]MnO4}}

[[Ammonium persulfate]] – Sárshuilfáit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]2S2O8}}

[[Reinecke's salt|Ammonium diamminetetrathiocynatochromate(III)]] – Dé-aimínteitreatiicianáit cróimiam(III) amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4][Cr(SCN)4(NH3)2]}}

[[Ammonium thiocyanate]] – Tiicianáit amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]SCN}}

[[Ammonium triiodide]] – Trí-iaidíd amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4][I3]}}

[[Diammonium dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum]] – Dé-amóiniam dé-ocsaíd(dé-ocsa)molabdaim – {{chem2|H8MoN2O4}}

[[Diammonium phosphate]] – Dé-amóiniam fosfáit – {{chem2|[NH4]2HPO4}}

[[Tetramethylammonium perchlorate]] – Teitreametilamóiniam sárchlóráit – {{chem2|[N(CH3)4]ClO4}}

=== [[Antimony|Sb]] ([[Antamón]]) ===
[[Stibine|Antimony hydride]] (stybine) – Hiodríd antamóin (stibín) – {{chem2|SbH3}}

[[Antimony pentachloride]] – [[Peinteaclóiríd Antamóin|Peinteaclóiríd antamóin]] – {{chem2|SbCl5}}

[[Antimony pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd antamóin – {{chem2|SbF5}}

[[Antimony potassium tartrate]] – Tartráit antamóin agus potaisiam – {{chem2|K2Sb2(C4H2O6)2}}

[[Antimony sulfate]] – Suilfáit antamóin – {{chem2|Sb2(SO4)3}}

[[Antimony trichloride]] – Tríchlóiríd antamóin – {{chem2|SbCl3}}

[[Antimony trifluoride]] – Trífluairíd antamóin – {{chem2|SbF3}}

[[Antimony trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd antamóin – {{chem2|Sb2O3}}

[[Antimony trisulfide]] – [[Tríshuilfíd antamóin]] – {{chem2|Sb2S3}}

[[Antimony pentasulfide]] – Peinteashuilfíd antamóin – {{chem2|Sb2S5}}

=== [[Argon|Ar]] ([[Argón]]) ===
[[Argon fluorohydride]] – [[Fluraihidríd argóin]] – HArF

=== [[Arsenic|As]] ([[Airsín]] ) ===
[[Arsenic trifluoride]] – [[Trífhluairíd arsanaice]] – {{chem2|AsF3}}

[[Arsenic triiodide]] – Trí-iaidíd arsanaice – AsI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Arsenic pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd arsanaice – {{chem2|AsF5}}

[[Arsenic trioxide]] (Arsenic(III) oxide) – Trí-ocsaíd arsanaice (ocsaíd arsaenach(III)) – {{chem2|As2O3}}

[[Arsenous acid]] – Aigéad arsanúil  – {{chem2|As(OH)3}}

[[Arsenic acid]] – Aigéad arsanaice – {{chem2|AsO(OH)3}}

[[Arsine]] – Airsín – {{chem2|AsH3}}

== B ==
=== [[Barium|Ba]] ([[Bairiam]]) ===
[[Barium azide]] – [[Aisíd bhairiam]] – {{chem2|Ba(N3)2}}

[[Barium bromide]] – Bróimíd bhairiam – {{chem2|BaBr2}}

[[Barium carbonate]] – Carbónáit bhairiam – {{chem2|BaCO3}}

[[Barium chlorate]] – Clóráit bhairiam – {{chem2|Ba(ClO3)2}}

[[Barium chloride]] – Clóiríd bhairiam – {{chem2|BaCl2}}

[[Barium chromate]] – Crómáit bhairiam – {{chem2|BaCrO4}}

[[Barium ferrate]] – Fearráit bhairiam – {{chem2|BaFeO4}}

[[Barium ferrite]] – Feirít bhairiam – {{chem2|BaFe12O19}}

[[Barium fluoride]] – Fluairíd bhairiam – {{chem2|BaF2}}

[[Barium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd bhairiam – {{chem2|Ba(OH)2}}

[[Barium hexaboride]] – Heicseabhóiríd bhairiam – BaB&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Barium iodide]] – Iaidíd bhairiam – {{chem2|BaI2}}

[[Barium manganate]] – Mangaináit bhairiam – {{chem2|BaMnO4}}

[[Barium nitrate]] – Níotráit bhairiam – {{chem2|Ba(NO3)2}}

[[Barium oxalate]] – Ocsaláit bhairiam – {{chem2|Ba(C2O4)}}

[[Barium oxide]] – Ocsaíd bhairiam – BaO

[[Barium permanganate]] – Sár-mhangaináit bhairiam – {{chem2|Ba(MnO4)2}}

[[Barium peroxide]] – Sárocsaíd bhairiam – {{chem2|BaO2}}

[[Barium sulfate]] – Suilfáit bhairiam – {{chem2|BaSO4}}

[[Barium sulfide]] – Suilfíd bhairiam – BaS

[[Barium titanate]] – Tiotanáit bhairiam – {{chem2|BaTiO3}}

[[Barium thiocyanate]] – Tiicianáit bhairiam – {{chem2|Ba(SCN)2}}

=== [[Beryllium|Be]] ([[Beirilliam]]) ===
[[Beryllium borohydride]] – [[Bóraihidríd bheirilliam]] – {{chem2|Be[BH4]2}}

[[Beryllium bromide]] – Bróimíd bheirilliam – {{chem2|BeBr2}}

[[Beryllium carbonate]] – Carbónáit bheirilliam – {{chem2|BeCO3}}

[[Beryllium chloride]] – Clóiríd bheirilliam – {{chem2|BeCl2}}

[[Beryllium fluoride]] – Fluairíd bheirilliam – {{chem2|BeF2}}

[[Beryllium hydride]] – Hiodríd bheirilliam – {{chem2|BeH2}}

[[Beryllium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd bheirilliam – {{chem2|Be(OH)2}}

[[Beryllium iodide]] – Iaidíd bheirilliam – {{chem2|BeI2}}

[[Beryllium nitrate]] – Níotráit bheirilliam – {{chem2|Be(NO3)2}}

[[Beryllium nitride]] – Nítríd bheirilliam – {{chem2|Be3N2}}

[[Beryllium oxide]] – Ocsaíd bheirilliam – BeO

[[Beryllium sulfate]] – Suilfáit bheirilliam – {{chem2|BeSO4}}

[[Beryllium sulfide]] – Suilfíd bheirilliam – BeS

[[Beryllium telluride]] – Teallúiríd bheirilliam – BeTe

=== [[Bismuth|Bi]] ([[Biosmat]]) ===
[[Bismuth chloride]] – Clóiríd bhiosmait – BiCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Bismuth ferrite]] – Feirít  bhiosmait – {{chem2|BiFeO3}}

[[Bismuth hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd bhiosmait – BiH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Bismuth(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd bhiosmait(III) – BiI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Bismuth(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit bhiosmait(III) – BiN&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Bismuth(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd bhiosmait(III) – {{chem2|Bi2O3}}

[[Bismuth oxychloride]] – Ocsaiclóiríd bhiosmait – BiOCl

[[Bismuth pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd bhiosmait – {{chem2|BiF5}}

[[Bismuth(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd bhiosmait(III) – Bi&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Bismuth(III) telluride]] – Teallúiríd bhiosmait(III) – {{chem2|Bi2Te3}}

[[Bismuth tribromide]] – Tríbhróimíd bhiosmait – {{chem2|BiBr3}}

[[Bismuth ]] – Tungstáit bhiosmait – {{chem2|Bi2WO6}}

=== [[Boron|B]] ([[Bórón]]) ===
[[Borane]] – [[Bórán]] – {{chem2|BH3}}

[[Borax]] – [[Bórás]] – {{chem2|Na2B4O7*10H2O}}

[[Borazine]] – Bóraisín – {{chem2|B3H6N3}}

[[Borazocine]] – Bórasóisín – {{chem2|B4H8N4}}

[[Boric acid]] – Aigéad bórach – {{chem2|H3BO3}}

[[Boron carbide]] – Cairbíd bhóróin – {{chem2|B4C}}

[[Boron nitride]] – Nítríd bhóróin – BN

[[Boron phosphate]] – Fosfáit bhóróin – {{chem2|BPO4}}

[[Boron phosphide]] – Fosfíd bhóróin – BP

[[Boron suboxide]] – Fo-ocsaíd bhóróin – {{chem2|B6O}}

[[Boron tribromide]] – Tríbhróimíd bhóróin – {{chem2|BBr3}}

[[Boron trichloride]] – Tríchlóiríd bhóróin – {{chem2|BCl3}}

[[Boron trifluoride]] – Trífhluairíd bhóróin – {{chem2|BF3}}

[[Boron triiodide]] – Trí-iaidíd bhóróin – BI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Boron trioxide|Boron oxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd bhóróin (ocsaíd bóróin) – {{chem2|B2O3}}

[[Boroxine]] – Bórocsaín – {{chem2|B3H3O3}}

[[Calcium hexaboride]] – Heicseabhóiríd chailciam – {{chem2|CaB6}}

[[Decaborane]] – Deacabórán – {{chem2|B10H14}}

[[Diborane]] – Débhórán – {{chem2|B2H6}}

[[Diboron tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd dhébhóróin – {{chem2|B2Cl4}}

[[Diboron tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd débhóróin – {{chem2|B2F4}}

[[Fluoroboric acid]] – Aigéad fluarabhórach – {{chem2|HBF4}}

[[Hexaborane(10)]] – Heicseabhórán(10) – {{chem2|B6H10}}

[[Hexaborane(12)]] – Heicseabhórán(12) – {{chem2|B6H12}}

[[Lanthanum hexaboride]] – Heicseabhóiríd lantainim – {{chem2|LaB6}}

[[Magnesium diboride]] – Débhóiríd mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgB2}}

[[Metaboric acid]] – Aigéad meiteabhórach – {{chem2|H3B3O6}}

[[Octadecaborane]] – Ochtdeacabhórán – {{chem2|B18H22}}

[[Ortho-carborane]] – Ortacharbórán – {{chem2|C2B10H12}}

[[Pentaborane]] – Peinteabhórán – {{chem2|B5H9}}

[[Pentaborane(11)]] – Peinteabhórán(11) – {{chem2|B5H11}}

[[Sodium metaborate]] – Meiteabhóráit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaBO2}}

[[Sodium perborate]] – Sárbhóráit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaBO3}}

[[Sodium tetrahydroxyborate]] – Teitrhiodrocsabhóráit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaB(OH)4}}

[[Tetraborane]] – Teitreabhórán – {{chem2|B4H10}}

[[Tetrahydroxydiboron]] – Teitrhiodrocsabhóróin – {{chem2|B2H4O4}}

=== [[Bromine|Br]] ([[Bróimín]]) ===
[[Bromine monochloride]] – Monaclóiríd bhróimín   – BrCl

[[Bromine pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd bhróimín – {{chem2|BrF5}}

[[Perbromic acid]] –  Aigéad sárbhrómac– {{chem2|HBrO4}}

[[Aluminium bromide|Aluminium bromide]] – [[Bróimíd alúmanaim]] – {{chem2|AlBr3}}

[[Ammonium bromide]] – Bróimíd amóiniam – {{chem2|NH4Br}}

[[Boron tribromide]] – Tríbhróimíd bhóróin – {{chem2|BBr3}}[[Bróimíd alúmanaim]]

[[Bromic acid]] – Aigéad Brómach– {{chem2|HBrO3}}

[[Bromine monoxide]] – Mónaocsaíd bhróimín – {{chem2|Br2O}}

[[Bromine pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd bhróimín – {{chem2|BrF5}}

[[Bromine trifluoride]] – Trífhluairíd bhróimín – {{chem2|BrF3}}

[[Bromine monofluoride]] – Mónafluairíd bhróimín – BrF

[[Calcium bromide]] – Bróimíd chailciam – {{chem2|CaBr2}}

[[Carbon tetrabromide]] – Teitreabróimíd charbóin – {{chem2|CBr4}}

[[Copper(I) bromide]] – Bróimíd chopair(I) – CuBr

[[Copper(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd chopair(II) – {{chem2|CuBr2}}

[[Hydrobromic acid]] – Aigéad hiodrabhrómach – HBr(aq)

[[Hydrogen bromide]] – Bróimíd hidrigine – HBr

[[Hypobromous acid]] – Aigéad hipeabrómúil – HOBr

[[Iodine monobromide]] – Mónabhróimíd iaidín – IBr

[[Iron(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd iarainn(II) – {{chem2|FeBr2}}

[[Iron(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd iarainn(III) – {{chem2|FeBr3}}

[[Lead(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|PbBr2}}

[[Lithium bromide]] – Bróimíd litiam – LiBr

[[Magnesium bromide]] – Bróimíd maignéisiam – {{chem2|MgBr2}}

[[Mercury(I) bromide]] – Bróimíd mearcair(I) – {{chem2|Hg2Br2}}

[[Mercury(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd mearcair(II) – {{chem2|HgBr2}}

[[Nitrosyl bromide]] – Bróimíd níotraisil – NOBr

[[Phosphorus pentabromide]] – Peinteabróimíd fosfair – {{chem2|PBr5}}

[[Phosphorus tribromide]] – Tríbhróimíd fosfair – {{chem2|PBr3}}

[[Phosphorus heptabromide]] – Heipteabróimíd fosfair – PBr&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Potassium bromide]] – Bróimíd potaisiam – KBr

[[Potassium bromate]] – Brómáit potaisiam – {{chem2|KBrO3}}

[[Potassium perbromate]] – Sárbhrómáit potaisiam – {{chem2|KBrO4}}

[[Tribromosilane]] – Tríbhróimísileán – {{chem2|HSiBr3}}

[[Silicon tetrabromide]] – Teitreibhróimíd sileacain – {{chem2|SiBr4}}

[[Silver bromide]] – Bróimíd airgid – AgBr

[[Sodium bromide]] – Bróimíd sóidiam – NaBr

[[Sodium bromate]] – Brómáit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaBrO3}}

[[Sodium perbromate]] – Sárbhrómáit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaBrO4}}

[[Thionyl bromide]] – Bróimíd tiainile – {{chem2|SOBr2}}

[[Tin(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd stáin(II) – {{chem2|SnBr2}}

[[Zinc bromide]] – Bróimíd since – {{chem2|ZnBr2}}

== C ==
=== [[Cadmium|Cd]] ([[Caidmiam]]) ===
[[Cadmium arsenide]] – Arsainíd chaidmiam – {{chem2|Cd3As2}}

[[Cadmium bromide]] – Bróimíd chaidmiam – {{chem2|CdBr2}}

[[Cadmium chloride]] – Clóiríd chaidmiam – {{chem2|CdCl2}}

[[Cadmium fluoride]] – Fluairíd chaidmiam – {{chem2|CdF2}}

[[Cadmium iodide]] – Iaidíd chaidmiam – {{chem2|CdI2}}

[[Cadmium nitrate]] – Níotráit chaidmiam – {{chem2|Cd(NO3)2}}

[[Cadmium oxide]] – Ocsaíd chaidmiam – CdO

[[Cadmium phosphide]] – Fosfíd chaidmiam – {{chem2|Cd3P2}}

[[Cadmium selenide]] – Seiléiníd chaidmiam – CdSe

[[Cadmium sulfate]] – Suilfáit chaidmiam – {{chem2|CdSO4}}

[[Cadmium sulfide]] – Suilfíd chaidmiam – CdS

[[Cadmium telluride]] – Teallúiríd chaidmiam – CdTe

=== [[Caesium|Cs]] ([[Caeisiam]]) ===
[[Caesium bicarbonate]] – Décharbónáit chaeisiam – {{chem2|CsHCO3}}

[[Caesium bromide]] – Bróimíd chaeisiam – CsBr

[[Caesium carbonate]] – Carbónáit chaeisiam – {{chem2|Cs2CO3}}

[[Caesium chloride]] – Clóiríd chaeisiam – CsCl

[[Caesium chromate]] – Crómáit chaeisiam – {{chem2|Cs2CrO4}}

[[Caesium dichloroiodate]] – Déchlóiriaidáit chaeisiam – {{chem2|CsICl2}}

[[Caesium dodecaborate]] – Dódeicibóráit caesiam – {{chem2|Cs2B12H12}}

[[Caesium fluoride]] – Fluairíd chaeisiam – CsF

[[Caesium heptafluoroxenate]] – Heipteafluairíxeanáit chaeisiam – {{chem2|CsXeF7}}

[[Caesium hydride]] – Hiodríd chaeisiam – CsH

[[Caesium hydrogen sulfate]] – Hiodriginsuilfáit chaeisiam – {{chem2|CsHSO4}}

[[Caesium iodide]] – Iaidíd chaeisiam – CsI

[[Caesium monoxide]] – Mónaocsaíd chaeisiam – {{chem2|Cs2O}}

[[Caesium nitrate]] – Níotráit chaeisiam – {{chem2|CsNO3}}

[[Caesium ozonide]] – Ósóníd chaeisiam – {{chem2|CsO3}}

[[Caesium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit chaeisiam – {{chem2|CsClO4}}

[[Caesium peroxide]] – Sárocsaíd chaeisiam – {{chem2|Cs2O2}}

[[Caesium sulfate]] – Suilfáit chaeisiam – {{chem2|Cs2SO4}}

[[Caesium superoxide]] – Sárocsaíd chaeisiam – {{chem2|CsO2}}

[[Caesium triiodide]] – Trí-iaidíd chaeisiam – {{chem2|CsI3}}

=== [[Californium|Cf]] ([[Calafoirniam]]) ===
[[Californium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd chalafóirniam(III) – {{chem2|CfBr3}}

[[Californium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit chalafóirniam(III) – {{chem2|Cf2(CO3)3}}

[[Californium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd chalafóirniam(III) – {{chem2|CfCl3}}

[[Californium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd chalafóirniam(III) – {{chem2|CfF3}}

[[Californium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd chalafóirniam(III) – {{chem2|CfI3}}

[[Californium(II) iodide]] – Iaidíd chalafóirniam(II) – {{chem2|CfI2}}

[[Californium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit chalafóirniam(III) – {{chem2|Cf(NO3)3}}

[[Californium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chalafóirniam(III) – {{chem2|Cf2O3}}

[[Californium(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit chalafóirniam(III) – {{chem2|CfPO4}}

[[Californium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit chalafóirniam(III) – {{chem2|Cf2(SO4)3}}

[[Californium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd chalafóirniam(III) – {{chem2|Cf2S3}}

[[Californium oxyfluoride]] – Ocsaifluairíd chalafóirniam – CfOF

[[Californium oxychloride]] – Ocsaiclóiríd chalafóirniam – CfOCl

=== [[Calcium|Ca]] ([[Cailciam]]) ===
[[Calcium bromide]] – Bróimíd chailciam – {{chem2|CaBr2}}

[[Calcium carbide]] – Cairbíd chailciam – {{chem2|CaC2}}

[[Calcium carbonate]] (Precipitated Chalk) – Carbónáit chailciam (Cailc Dheascaithe) – {{chem2|CaCO3}}

[[Calcium chlorate]] – Clóráit chailciam – {{chem2|Ca(ClO3)2}}

[[Calcium chloride]] – Clóiríd chailciam – {{chem2|CaCl2}}

[[Calcium chromate]] – Crómáit chailciam– {{chem2|CaCrO4}}

[[Calcium cyanamide]] – Ciainaimíd cailciam – {{chem2|CaCN2}}

[[Calcium fluoride]] – Fluairíd chailciam – {{chem2|CaF2}}

[[Calcium hydride]] – Hiodríd chailciam – {{chem2|CaH2}}

[[Calcium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd chailciam – {{chem2|Ca(OH)2}}

[[Calcium monosilicide]] – Mónaisilícíd chailciam – CaSi

[[Calcium oxalate]] – Ocsaláit chailciam – {{chem2|CaC2O4}}

[[Calcium hydroxychloride]] – Hiodrocsaclóiríd chailciam – {{chem2|CaOCl2}}

[[Calcium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit chailciam – {{chem2|Ca(ClO4)2}}

[[Calcium permanganate]] – Sármhangaináit chailciam – {{chem2|Ca(MnO4)2}}

[[Calcium sulfate]] ([[gypsum]]) – Suilfáit chailciam (gipsam) – {{chem2|CaSO4}}

[[Calcium thiocyanate]] – Tiicianáit chailciam – {{chem2|C2CaN2S2}}

=== [[Carbon|C]] ([[Carbón]]) ===
[[Carbon dioxide]] – [[Dé-ocsaíd charbóin]] – {{chem2|CO2}}

[[Carbon disulfide]] – Dé-shuilfíd charbóin – {{chem2|CS2}}

[[Carbon monoxide]] – Mónaocsaíd charbóin – CO

[[Carbon tetrabromide]] – Teitreibhróimíd charbóin – {{chem2|CBr4}}

[[Carbon tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd charbóin – {{chem2|CCl4}}

[[Carbon tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd charbóin – {{chem2|CF4}}

[[Carbon tetraiodide]] – Teitreaiaidíd charbóin – {{chem2|CI4}}

[[Carbonic acid]] – Aigéad carbónach – {{chem2|H2CO3}}

[[Carbonyl chloride]] – Clóiríd charbóinile – {{chem2|COCl2}}

[[Carbonyl fluoride]] – Fluairíd carbóinile – {{chem2|COF2}}

[[Carbonyl sulfide]] – Suilfíd charbóinile – COS

[[Carboplatin]] – Carbaplaitin – {{chem2|C6H12N2O4Pt}}

=== [[Cerium|Ce]] ([[Ceiriam]]) ===
[[Cerium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd cheiriam(III) – {{chem2|CeBr3}}

[[Cerium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit cheiriam(III) – {{chem2|Ce2(CO3)3}}

[[Cerium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd cheiriam(III) – {{chem2|CeCl3}}

[[Cerium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd cheiriam(III) – {{chem2|CeF3}}

[[Cerium(III) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd cheiriam(III) – {{chem2|Ce(OH)3}}

[[Cerium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd cheiriam(III) – {{chem2|CeI3}}

[[Cerium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit cheiriam(III) – {{chem2|Ce(NO3)3}}

[[Cerium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd cheiriam(III) – {{chem2|Ce2O3}}

[[Cerium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit cheiriam(III) – {{chem2|Ce2(SO4)3}}

[[Cerium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd cheiriam(III) – {{chem2|Ce2S3}}

[[Cerium(IV) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd ceiriam(IV) – {{chem2|Ce(OH)4}}

[[Cerium(IV) nitrate]] – Níotráit ceiriam(IV) – {{chem2|Ce(NO3)4}}

[[Cerium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd ceiriam(IV) – {{chem2|CeO2}}

[[Cerium(IV) sulfate]] – Suilfáit cheiriam(IV) – {{chem2|Ce(SO4)2}}

[[Cerium oxide|Cerium(III,IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd cheiriam(III,IV) – {{chem2|Ce3O4}}

[[Ceric ammonium nitrate]] – Níotráit cheireach amóiniam – {{chem2|(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6}}

[[Cerium hexaboride]] – Heicseabhóiríd cheiriam – {{chem2|CeB6}}

[[Cerium aluminium]] – Ceiriam alúmanaim – CeAl

[[Cerium cadmium]] – Ceiriam chaidmiam – CeCd

[[Cerium magnesium]] – Ceiriam mhaignéisiam – CeMg

[[Cerium mercury]] – Ceiriam mhearcair – CeHg

[[Cerium silver]] – Ceiriam airgid – CeAg

[[Cerium thallium]] – Ceiriam tailliam – CeTl

[[Cerium zinc]] – Ceiriam since – CeZn

=== [[Chlorine|Cl]] ([[Clóirín]]) ===
[[Actinium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd aictiniam(III) – {{chem2|AcCl3}}

[[Aluminium chloride]] – Clóiríd alúmanaim – {{chem2|AlCl3}}

[[Americium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd aimeiriciam(III) – {{chem2|AmCl3}}

[[Ammonium chloride]] – Clóiríd amóiniam – {{chem2|[NH4]Cl}}

[[Antimony(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd antamóin(III) – {{chem2|SbCl3}}

[[Antimony(V) chloride]] – Clóiríd antamóin(V) – {{chem2|SbCl5}}

[[Arsenic(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd arsaenach(III) – {{chem2|AsCl3}}

[[Barium chloride]] – Clóiríd bhairiam – {{chem2|BaCl2}}

[[Beryllium chloride]] – Clóiríd beirilliam – {{chem2|BeCl2}}

[[Bismuth(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd bhiosmait(III) – {{chem2|BiCl3}}

[[Boron trichloride]] – Tríchlóiríd bhóróin – {{chem2|BCl3}}

[[Bromine monochloride]] – Mónaclóiríd bhróimín – BrCl

[[Cadmium chloride]] – Clóiríd chaidmiam – {{chem2|CdCl2}}

[[Caesium chloride]] – Clóiríd chaesiam – CsCl

[[Calcium chloride]] – Clóiríd chailciam – {{chem2|CaCl2}}

[[Calcium hypochlorite]] – Hipeaclóirít chailciam – {{chem2|Ca(ClO)2}}

[[Carbon tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd charbóin – {{chem2|CCl4}}

[[Cerium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd cheiriam(III) – {{chem2|CeCl3}}

[[Chloramine]] – Clóraimín – {{chem2|NH2Cl}}

[[Chloric acid]] – Aigéad clórach – {{chem2|HClO3}}

[[Chlorine azide]] – Aisíd chlóirín – {{chem2|ClN3}}

[[Chlorine dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd chlóirín – {{chem2|ClO2}}

[[Chlorine monofluoride]] – Mónafluairíd chlóirín – ClF

[[Chlorine monoxide]] – Mónaocsaíd chlóirín – ClO

[[Chlorine pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd chlóirín – {{chem2|ClF5}}

[[Chlorine perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit chlóirín – {{chem2|Cl2O4}}

[[Chlorine tetroxide]] – Teitrea-ocsaíd chlóirín – {{chem2|O3ClOOClO3}}

[[Chlorine trifluoride]] – Trífluairíd chlóirín – {{chem2|ClF3}}

[[Chlorine trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd chlóirín – {{chem2|ClO3}}

[[Chloroplatinic acid]] – Aigéad clóiríplatanach – {{chem2|H2[PtCl6]}}

[[Chlorosulfonic acid]] – Aigéad clóirísulfónach – {{chem2|ClSO3H}}

[[Chlorosulfonyl isocyanate]] – Iseaiciaináit chlóirísulfóinile – {{chem2|ClSO2NCO}}

[[Chloryl fluoride]] – Fluairíd chlóirile – {{chem2|ClO2F}}

[[Chromium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd chróimiam(II) – {{chem2|CrCl2}}

[[Chromium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd chróimiam(III) – {{chem2|CrCl3}}

[[Chromyl chloride]] – Clóiríd chróimile – {{chem2|CrO2Cl2}}

[[Cisplatin]] – Ciosplatann – {{chem2|[PtCl2(NH3)2]}}

[[Cobalt(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd chobailt(II) – {{chem2|CoCl2}}

[[Copper(I) chloride]] – Clóiríd chopair(I) – CuCl

[[Copper(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd chopair(II) – {{chem2|CuCl2}}

[[Curium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd chiúiriam(III) – {{chem2|CmCl3}}

[[Cyanogen chloride]] – Clóiríd chianaigine – ClCN

[[Dichlorine dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd déchlóirín – {{chem2|Cl2O2}}

[[Dichlorine heptaoxide]] – Heiptea-ocsaíd déchlóirín – {{chem2|Cl2O7}}

[[Dichlorine hexoxide]] – Heicsea-ocsaíd déchlóirín – {{chem2|Cl2O6}}

[[Dichlorine monoxide]] – Aonocsaíd déchlóirín – {{chem2|Cl2O}}

[[Dichlorine tetroxide]] – Teatrocsaíd déchlóirín – {{chem2|ClOClO3}}

[[Dichlorine trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd déchlóirín – {{chem2|Cl2O3}}

[[Dichlorosilane]] – Déchlóraisiolán – {{chem2|SiH2Cl2}}

[[Disulfur dichloride]] – Déchlóiríd déshulfair – {{chem2|S2Cl2}}

[[Dysprosium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|DyCl3}}

[[Erbium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|ErCl3}}

[[Europium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuCl2}}

[[Europium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|EuCl3}}

[[Gadolinium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd ghadailiniam(III) – {{chem2|GdCl3}}

[[Gallium trichloride]] – Trí-chlóiríd ghailliam – {{chem2|GaCl3}}

[[Germanium dichloride]] – Déchlóiríd gharmáiniam – {{chem2|GeCl2}}

[[Germanium tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd  gharmáiniam  – {{chem2|GeCl4}}

[[Gold(I) chloride]] – Clóiríd óir(I) – AuCl

[[Gold(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd óir(III) – {{chem2|AuCl3}}

[[Hafnium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd haifniam(IV) – {{chem2|HfCl4}}

[[Holmium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd hoilmiam(III) – {{chem2|HoCl3}}

[[Hydrochloric acid]] – Aigéad hidreaclórach – HCl(aq)

[[Hydrogen chloride]] – Clóiríd hidrigine – HCl

[[Hypochlorous acid]] – Aigéad hipeaclórúil – HOCl

[[Indium(I) chloride]] – Clóiríd indiam(I) – InCl

[[Indium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd indiam(III) – {{chem2|InCl3}}

[[Iodine monochloride]] – Mónaclóiríd iaidín – ICl

[[Iridium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd iridiam(III) – {{chem2|IrCl3}}

[[Iron(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd iarainn(II) – {{chem2|FeCl2}}

[[Iron(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd iarainn(III) – {{chem2|FeCl3}}

[[Lanthanum chloride]] – Clóiríd lantainim – {{chem2|LaCl3}}

[[Lead(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|PbCl2}}

[[Lithium chloride]] – Clóiríd litiam – LiCl

[[Lithium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit litiam – {{chem2|LiClO4}}

[[Lutetium chloride]] – Clóiríd lúitéitiam – {{chem2|LuCl3}}

[[Magnesium chloride]] – Clóiríd mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgCl2}}

[[Magnesium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|Mg(ClO4)2}}

[[Manganese(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd mhangainéise(II) – {{chem2|MnCl2}}

[[Mercury(I) chloride]] – Clóiríd mhearcair(I) – {{chem2|Hg2Cl2}}

[[Mercury(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd mhearcair(II) – {{chem2|HgCl2}}

[[Mercury(II) perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit mhearcair(II) – {{chem2|Hg(ClO4)2}}

[[Molybdenum(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd mholaibdéinim(III) – {{chem2|MoCl3}}

[[Molybdenum(V) chloride]] – Clóiríd mholaibdéinim(V) – {{chem2|MoCl5}}

[[Neodymium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd neoidimiam(III) – {{chem2|NdCl3}}

[[Neptunium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd neiptiúiniam(IV) – {{chem2|NpCl4}}

[[Nickel(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd nicile(II) – {{chem2|NiCl2}}

[[Niobium oxide trichloride]] – Trí-chlóiríd ocsaíde niaibiam – {{chem2|NbOCl3}}

[[Niobium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd niaibiam(IV) – {{chem2|NbCl4}}

[[Niobium(V) chloride]] – Clóiríd niaibiam(V) – {{chem2|NbCl5}}

[[Nitrogen trichloride]] – Trí-chlóiríd nítrigine – {{chem2|NCl3}}

[[Nitrosyl chloride]] – Clóiríd níotróisil  – NOCl

[[Nitryl chloride]] – Clóiríd nítrile – {{chem2|NO2Cl}}

[[Osmium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd oismiam(III) – {{chem2|OsCl3}}

[[Palladium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd phallaidiam(II) – {{chem2|PdCl2}}

[[Perchloric acid]] – Aigéad sárchlórach – {{chem2|HClO4}}

[[Perchloryl fluoride]] – Fluairíd sárchlóirile – {{chem2|ClO3F}}

[[Phosgene]] – Foisgéin – {{chem2|COCl2}}

[[Phosphonitrilic chloride trimer]] – Trímhéir chlóiríd fhosfainítríle – {{chem2|(PNCl)3}}

[[Phosphorus oxychloride]] – Ocsaiclóiríd fhosfair – {{chem2|POCl3}}

[[Phosphorus pentachloride]] – Peinteaclóiríd fhosfair – {{chem2|PCl5}}

[[Phosphorus trichloride]] – Trí-chlóiríd fhosfair – {{chem2|PCl3}}

[[Platinum(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd phlatanaim(II) – {{chem2|PtCl2}}

[[Platinum(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd phlatanaim(IV) – {{chem2|PtCl4}}

[[Plutonium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd phlútóiniam(III) – {{chem2|PuCl3}}

[[Potassium chlorate]] – Clóráit photaisiam – {{chem2|KClO3}}

[[Potassium chloride]] – Clóiríd photaisiam – KCl

[[Potassium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit photaisiam – {{chem2|KClO4}}

[[Praseodymium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd phraiséidimiam(III) – {{chem2|PrCl3}}

[[Protactinium(V) chloride]] – Clóiríd  phrótachtainiam(V) – {{chem2|PaCl5}}

[[Radium chloride]] – Clóiríd raidiam – {{chem2|RaCl2}}

[[Rhenium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd réiniam(III) – {{chem2|ReCl3}}

[[Rhenium(V) chloride]] – Clóiríd réiniam(V) – {{chem2|ReCl5}}

[[Rhodium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd róidiam(III) – {{chem2|RhCl3}}

[[Rubidium chloride]] – Clóiríd rubaidiam – RbCl

[[Ruthenium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd ruitéiniam(III) – {{chem2|RuCl3}}

[[Samarium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd samairiam(III) – {{chem2|SmCl3}}

[[Scandium chloride]] – Clóiríd scaindiam – {{chem2|ScCl3}}

[[Selenium dichloride]] – Déchlóiríd seiléiniam  – {{chem2|SeCl2}}

[[Selenium tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd seiléiniam – {{chem2|SeCl4}}

[[Silicon tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd sileacain – {{chem2|SiCl4}}

[[Silver chloride]] – Clóiríd airgid – AgCl

[[Silver perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit airgid – {{chem2|AgClO4}}

[[[Silver chloride]] – Clóiríd airgid – {{chem2|NaClO3}}

[[Sodium chloride]] (table salt, rock salt) – Clóiríd sóidiam (salainn bhoird, salainn charraige) – NaCl

[[Sodium chlorite]] – Clóirít sóidiam – {{chem2|NaClO2}}

[[Sodium hypochlorite]] – Hipeaclóirít sóidiam – NaOCl

[[Sodium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaClO4}}

[[Strontium chloride]] – Clóiríd strointiam – {{chem2|SrCl2}}

[[Sulfur dichloride]] – Déchlóiríd sulfair – {{chem2|SCl2}}

[[Sulfuryl chloride]] – Clóiríd sulfairile – {{chem2|SO2Cl2}}

[[Tantalum(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd tantalaim (III) – {{chem2|TaCl3}}

[[Tantalum(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd tantalaim(IV) – {{chem2|TaCl4}}

[[Tantalum(V) chloride]] – Clóiríd tantalaim(V) – {{chem2|TaCl5}}

[[Tellurium tetrachloride]] – Teitreaclóiríd teallúiriam – {{chem2|TeCl4}}

[[Terbium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd teirbiam(III) – {{chem2|TbCl3}}

[[Tetrachloroauric acid]] – Aigéad teitreaclóraorach – {{chem2|H[AuCl4]}}

[[Thallium(I) chloride]] – Clóiríd tailliam(I) – TlCl

[[Thallium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd tailliam(III) – {{chem2|TlCl3}}

[[Thionyl chloride]] – Clóiríd tiainile – {{chem2|SOCl2}}

[[Thiophosgene]] – Tiafoisgéin – {{chem2|CSCl2}}

[[Thorium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd tóiriam(IV) – {{chem2|ThCl4}}

[[Thulium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd tiúiliam(III) – {{chem2|TmCl3}}

[[Tin(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd stáin(II) – {{chem2|SnCl2}}

[[Tin(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd stáin(IV) – {{chem2|SnCl4}}

[[Titanium tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd tiotáiniam – {{chem2|TiCl4}}

[[Titanium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd tiotáiniam(III) – {{chem2|TiCl3}}

[[Trichlorosilane]] – Tríchlóraisiolán – {{chem2|HSiCl3}}

[[Tungsten(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd tungstain(IV) – {{chem2|WCl4}}

[[Tungsten(V) chloride]] – Clóiríd tungstain(V) – {{chem2|WCl5}}

[[Tungsten(VI) chloride]] – Clóiríd tungstain(VI) – {{chem2|WCl6}}

[[Uranium hexachloride]] – Heicseaclóiríd úráiniam – {{chem2|UCl6}}

[[Uranium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd úráiniam(III) – {{chem2|UCl3}}

[[Uranium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd úráiniam(IV) – {{chem2|UCl4}}

[[Uranium(V) chloride]] – Clóiríd úráiniam(V) – {{chem2|UCl5}}

[[Uranyl chloride]] – Clóiríd úrainile – {{chem2|UO2Cl2}}

[[Vanadium oxytrichloride]] – Ocsaictríchlóiríd vanaidiam – {{chem2|VOCl3}}

[[Vanadium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd vanaidiam(II) – {{chem2|VCl2}}

[[Vanadium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd vanaidiam(III) – {{chem2|VCl3}}

[[Vanadium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd vanaidiam(IV) – {{chem2|VCl4}}

[[Ytterbium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd itéirbiam(III) – {{chem2|YbCl3}}

[[Yttrium chloride]] – Clóiríd itriam – {{chem2|YCl3}}

[[Zinc chloride]] – Clóiríd since – {{chem2|ZnCl2}}

[[Zirconium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd siarcóiniam(IV) – {{chem2|ZrCl4}}

=== [[Chromium|Cr]] ([[Cróimiam]]) ===
[[Chromic acid]] – Aigéad crómach – {{chem2|H2CrO4}}

[[Chromium trioxide]] ([[Chromic acid]]) – Trí-ocsaíd chróimiam (Aigéad crómach) – {{chem2|CrO3}}

[[Chromium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd chróimiam(II) – {{chem2|CrCl2}}

[[Chromium(II) sulfate]] – Suilfáit chróimiam(II) – {{chem2|CrSO4}}

[[Chromium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd chróimiam(III) – {{chem2|CrCl3}}

[[Chromium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit chróimiam(III) – {{chem2|Cr(NO3)3}}

[[Chromium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chróimiam(III) – {{chem2|Cr2O3}}

[[Chromium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit chróimiam(III) – {{chem2|Cr2(SO4)3}}

[[Chromium(III) telluride]] – Teallúiríd chróimiam(III) – {{chem2|Cr2Te3}}

[[Chromium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chróimiam(IV) – {{chem2|CrO2}}

[[Chromium pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd chróimiam – {{chem2|CrF5}}

Chromium sulfide bromide – Bróimíd suilfíde chróimiam – CrSBr

[[Chromyl chloride]] – Clóiríd chróimile – {{chem2|CrO2Cl2}}

[[Chromyl fluoride]] – Fluairíd chróimile – {{chem2|CrO2F2}}

=== [[Cobalt|Co]] ([[Cóbalt]]) ===
[[Cobalt(II) acetate]] – Aicéatáit chóbailt(II) – Co(CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Cobalt(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd chóbailt(II) – {{chem2|CoBr2}}

[[Cobalt(II) carbonate]] – Carbónáit chóbailt(II) – {{chem2|CoCO3}}

[[Cobalt(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd chóbailt(II) – {{chem2|CoCl2}}

[[Cobalt(II) fluoride]] – Fluairíd chóbailt(II) – CoF&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Cobalt(II) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd chóbailt(II) – Co(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Cobalt(II) iodide]] – Iaidíd chóbailt(II) – CoI&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Cobalt(II) nitrate]] – Níotráit chóbailt(II) – {{chem2|Co(NO3)2}}

[[Cobalt(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chóbailt(II) – CoO

[[Cobalt(II) perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit chóbailt(II) – Co(ClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Cobalt(II) phosphate]] – Fosfáit chóbailt(II) – Co&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;(PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Cobalt(II) sulfate]] – Suilfáit chóbailt(II) – {{chem2|CoSO4}}

[[Cobalt(II) thiocyanate]] – Tiicianáit chóbailt(II) – Co(SCN)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Cobalt(II,III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chóbailt(II,III) – Co&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Cobalt(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd chóbailt(III) – CoCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Cobalt(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd chóbailt(III) – {{chem2|CoF3}}

[[Cobalt(III) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd chóbailt(III) – Co(OH)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Cobalt(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit chóbailt(III) – Co(NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Cobalt(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chóbailt(III) – Co&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

=== [[Copper|Cu]] ([[Copar]]) ===
[[Copper(I) acetylide]] – Aicéitilíd chopair(I) – {{chem2|Cu2C2}}

[[Copper(I) azide]] – Aisíd chopair(I) – CuN&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(I) bromide]] – Bróimíd chopair(I) – CuBr

[[Copper(I) chloride]] – Clóiríd chopair(I) – CuCl

[[Copper(I) fluoride]] – Fluairíd chopair(I) – CuF

[[Copper(I) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd chopair(I) – CuOH

[[Copper(I) iodide]] – Iaidíd chopair(I) – CuI

[[Copper(I) nitrate]] – Níotráit chopair(I) – CuNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(I) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chopair(I) – {{chem2|Cu2O}}

[[Copper(I) phosphide]] – Fosfíd chopair(I) – Cu&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;P

[[Copper(I) selenide]] – Seiléiníd chopair(I) – Cu&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Se

[[Copper(I) sulfate]] – Suilfáit chopair(I) – {{chem2|CuSO4}}

[[Copper(I) sulfide]] – Suilfíd chopair(I) – {{chem2|Cu2S}}

[[Copper(I) telluride]] – Teallúiríd chopair(I) – Cu&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Te

[[Copper(I) thiocyanate]] – Tiicianáit chopair(I) – CuSCN

[[Chevreul's salt|Copper(I,II) sulfite]] – Suilfít chopair(I,II) – Cu&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;(SO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(II) arsenate]] – Arsanaít chopair(II) – Cu&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;(AsO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(II) azide]] – Aisíd chopair(II) – {{chem2|Cu(N3)2}}

[[Copper(II) borate]] – Bóráit chopair(II) – Cu&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;(BO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd chopair(II) – CuBr&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(II) carbonate]] – Carbónáit chopair(II) – {{chem2|CuCO3}}

[[Basic copper carbonate|Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd charbónáit copair(II) – Cu&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(II) chlorate]] – Clóráit chopair(II) – Cu(ClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd chopair(II) – {{chem2|CuCl2}}

[[Copper(II) fluoride]] – Fluairíd chopair(II) – CuF&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(II) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd chopair(II) – {{chem2|Cu(OH)2}}

[[Copper(II) nitrate]] – Níotráit chopair(II) – {{chem2|Cu(NO3)2}}

[[Copper(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd copair(II) – CuO

[[Copper(II) perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit chopair(II) – Cu(ClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(II) phosphate]] – Fosfáit chopair(II) – Cu&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;(PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(II) selenide]] – Seiléiníd chopair(II) – CuSe

[[Copper(II) selenite]] – Seiléinít chopair(II) – CuSeO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper(II) sulfate]] – Suilfáit chopair(II) – {{chem2|CuSO4}}

[[Copper(II) sulfide]] – Suilfíd chopair(II) – CuS

[[Copper(II) telluride]] – Teallúiríd chopair(II) – CuTe

[[Copper(II) thiocyanate]] – Tiicianáit chopair(II) – Cu(SCN)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Copper oxychloride]] – Ocsaiclóiríd chopair – {{chem2|H3ClCu2O3}}

[[Tetramminecopper(II) sulfate]] – Suilfáit teitreamínhcopair(II) – {{chem2|[Cu(NH3)4]SO4}}

=== [[Curium|Cm]] ([[Ciúiriam]]) ===
[[Curium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd chiúiriam(III) – {{chem2|CmCl3}}

[[Curium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chiúiriam(III) – {{chem2|Cm2O3}}

[[Curium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chiúiriam(IV) – {{chem2|CmO2}}

[[Curium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd chiúiriam – {{chem2|Cm(OH)3}}

=== CN ([[Ciainíd ]]) ===
[[Cyanogen bromide]] – [[Bróimíd chiainigine]] – BrCN

[[Cyanogen chloride]] – Clóiríd chiainigine – ClCN

[[Cyanogen iodide]] – Iaidíd chiainigine – ICN

[[Cyanogen]] – Ciainigine – {{chem2|(CN)2}}

[[Cyanuric chloride]] – Clóiríd chiainúrach – {{chem2|C3Cl3N3}}

[[Cyanogen thiocyanate]] – Tiicianáit chiainigine – {{chem2|CNSCN}}

[[Cyanogen selenocyanate]] – Seiléiniicianáit chiainigine – {{chem2|CNSeCN}}

[[Cyanogen azide]] – Aisíd chiainigine – {{chem2|N3CN}}

== D ==
=== [[Dysprosium|Dy]] ([[Diospróisiam]]) ===
[[Dysprosium(II) chloride]] – [[Clóiríd diospróisiam(II)]] – {{chem2|DyCl2}}

[[Dysprosium(II) iodide]] – Iaidíd diospróisiam(II) – {{chem2|DyI2}}

[[Dysprosium(III) acetate]] – Aicéatáit diospróisiam(III) – {{Chem2|Dy(CH3COO)3}}

[[Dysprosium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|DyBr3}}

[[Dysprosium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit diospróisiam(III) – Dy&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Dysprosium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|DyCl3}}

[[Dysprosium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|DyF3}}

[[Dysprosium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|DyI3}}

[[Dysprosium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit diospróisiam(III) – {{Chem2|Dy(NO3)3}}

[[Dysprosium(III) oxalate]] – Ocsaláit diospróisiam(III) – Dy&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Dysprosium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|Dy2O3}}

[[Dysprosium(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|DyPO4}}

[[Dysprosium(III) selenide]] – Seiléiníd diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|Dy2Se3}}

[[Dysprosium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|Dy2S3}}

[[Dysprosium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|Dy2(SO4)3}}

[[Dysprosium(III) telluride]] – Teallúiríd diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|Dy2Te3}}

[[Dysprosium arsenide]] – Arsainíd diospróisiam – {{Chem2|DyAs}}

[[Dysprosium bismuthide]] – Biosmaitíd diospróisiam – {{Chem2|DyBi}}

[[Dysprosium iodate]] – Iaidáit diospróisiam – {{Chem2|Dy(IO3)3}}

[[Dysprosium monosulfide]] – Mónaisuilfíd diospróisiam – {{Chem2|DyS}}

[[Dysprosium nitride]] – Nítríd diospróisiam – {{Chem2|DyN}}

[[Dysprosium phosphide]] – Fosfíd diospróisiam – {{Chem2|DyP}}

[[Dysprosium stannate]] – Stannáit diospróisiam – {{Chem2|Dy2Sn2O7}}

[[Dysprosium titanate]] – Tiotanáit diospróisiam – {{chem2|Dy2Ti2O7}}

== E ==
=== [[Einsteinium|Es]] ([[Einstéiniam]]) ===
[[Einsteinium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd einstéiniam(III) – {{chem2|EsBr3}}

[[Einsteinium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit einstéiniam(III) – {{chem2|Es2(CO3)3}}

[[Einsteinium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd einstéiniam(III) – {{chem2|EsCl3}}

[[Einsteinium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd einstéiniam(III) – {{chem2|EsF3}}

[[Einsteinium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd einstéiniam(III) – {{chem2|EsI3}}

[[Einsteinium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit einstéiniam(III) – {{chem2|Es(NO3)3}}

[[Einsteinium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd einstéiniam(III) – {{chem2|Es2O3}}

[[Einsteinium(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit einstéiniam(III) – {{chem2|EsPO4}}

[[Einsteinium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit einstéiniam(III) – {{chem2|Es2(SO4)3}}

[[Einsteinium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd einstéiniam(III) – {{chem2|Es2S3}}

=== [[Erbium|Er]] ([[Eirbiam]]) ===
[[Erbium-copper]] – Eirbiam-copar – ErCu

[[Erbium-gold]] – Eirbiam-ór – ErAu

[[Erbium-iridium]] – Eirbiam-iridiam – ErIr

[[Erbium-silver]] – Eirbiam-airgead – ErAg

[[Erbium hexaboride]] – Heicseabhóiríd eirbiam – {{chem2|ErB6}}

[[Erbium iodate]] – Iaidáit eirbiam – {{chem2|Er(IO3)3}}

[[Erbium nitride]] – Nítríd eirbiam – {{chem2|ErN}}

[[Erbium oxybromide]] – Ocsaibróimíd eirbiam – {{chem2|ErOBr}}

[[Erbium oxychloride]] – Ocsaiclóiríd eirbiam – {{chem2|ErOCl}}

[[Erbium oxyfluoride]] – Ocsaifluairíd eirbiam – {{chem2|ErOF}}

[[Erbium phosphide]] – Fosfíd eirbiam – {{chem2|ErP}}

[[Erbium silicide]] – Silícíd eirbiam – {{chem2|ErSi2}}

[[Erbium tetraboride]] – Teitreibhóiríd eirbiam – {{chem2|ErB4}}

[[Erbium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|ErBr3}}

[[Erbium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|ErCl3}}

[[Erbium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|ErF3}}

[[Erbium(III) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Er(OH)3}}

[[Erbium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|ErI3}}

[[Erbium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Er(NO3)3}}

[[Erbium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Er2O3}}

[[Erbium(III) selenate]] – Seiléanáit eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Er2(SeO4)3}}

[[Erbium(III) selenide]] – Seiléiníd eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Er2Se3}}

[[Erbium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Er2(SO4)3}}

[[Erbium(III) telluride]] – Teallúiríd eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Er2Te3}}

=== [[Europium|Eu]] ([[Eoraipiam]]) ===
[[Europium(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuBr2}}

[[Europium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuCl2}}

[[Europium(II) fluoride]] – Fluairíd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuF2}}

[[Europium(II) hydride]] – Hiodríd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuH2}}

[[Europium(II) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|Eu(OH)2}}

[[Europium(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuO}}

[[Europium(II) iodide]] – Iaidíd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuI2}}

[[Europium(II) selenide]] – Seiléiníd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuSe}}

[[Europium(II) silicide]] – Silícíd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuSi2}}

[[Europium(II) sulfate]] – Suilfáit eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuSO4}}

[[Europium(II) sulfide]] – Suilfíd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuS2}}

[[Europium(II) telluride]] – Teallúiríd eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuTe}}

[[Europium(II) titanate]] – Tiotanáit eoraipiam(II) – {{chem2|EuTiO3}}

[[Europium(III) acetate]] – Aicéatáit eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|Eu(CH3COO)3}}

[[Europium(III) arsenate]] – Arsanaít eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|EuAsO4}}

[[Europium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|EuBr3}}

[[Europium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|Eu(CO3)3}}

[[Europium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|EuCl3}}

[[Europium(III) chromate]] – Crómáit eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|EuCrO4}}

[[Europium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|EuF3}}

[[Europium(III) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|Eu(OH)3}}

[[Europium(III) iodate]] – Iaidáit eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|Eu(IO3)3}}

[[Europium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|EuI3}}

[[Europium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|Eu(NO3)3}}

[[Europium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|Eu2O3}}

[[Europium(III) perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|Eu(ClO4)3}}

[[Europium(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|EuPO4}}

[[Europium(III) phosphide]] – Fosfíd eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|EuP}}

[[Europium(III) selenide]] – Seiléiníd eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|Eu2Se3}}

[[Europium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|Eu2(SO4)3}}

[[Europium(III) telluride]] – Teallúiríd eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|Eu2Te3}}

[[Europium(III) vanadate]] – Vanaidáit eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|EuVO4}}

[[Europium barium titanate]] – Tiotanáit eoraipiam bairiam – {{chem2|BaEuTiO4}}

== F ==
=== [[Fluorine|F]] ([[Fluairín]]) ===
[[Fluoroantimonic acid]] – Aigéad fluarantamónach – {{chem2|H2FSbF6}}

[[Tetrafluorohydrazine]] – Teitreafluaraihiodraisín – {{chem2|N2F4}}

[[Trifluoromethylisocyanide]] – Trífhluairímeitiliseaiciainíd – {{chem2|C2NF3}}

[[Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid]] – Aigéad trífhluarameatánesulfónach – {{chem2|CF3SO3H}}

=== [[Francium|Fr]] ([[Frainciam]]) ===
[[Francium oxide]] – Ocsaíd frainciam – {{chem2|Fr2O}}

[[Francium chloride]] – Clóiríd frainciam – FrCl

[[Francium bromide]] – Bróimíd frainciam – FrBr

[[Francium iodide]] – Iaidíd frainciam – FrI

[[Francium carbonate]] – Carbónáit frainciam – {{chem2|Fr2CO3}}

[[Francium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd frainciam – FrOH

[[Francium sulfate]] – Suilfáit frainciam – {{chem2|Fr2SO4}}

== G ==
=== [[Gadolinium|Gd]] ([[Gadailiniam]]) ===
[[Gadolinium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd ghadailiniam(III) – {{chem2|GdCl3}}

[[Gadolinium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd ghadailiniam(III) – {{chem2|Gd2O3}}

[[Gadolinium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit ghadailiniam(III) – {{chem2|Gd2(CO3)3}}

[[Gadolinium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd ghadailiniam(III) – {{chem2|GdF3}}

[[Gadolinium gallium garnet]] – Garnae ghadailiniam gailliam – {{chem2|Gd3Ga5O12}}

[[Gadolinium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit ghadailiniam(III) – {{chem2|Gd(NO3)3}}

[[Gadolinium(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit ghadailiniam(III) – {{chem2|GdPO4}}

[[Gadolinium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit ghadailiniam(III) – {{chem2|Gd2(SO4)3}}

=== [[Gallium|Ga]] ([[Gailliam]]) ===
[[Gallium antimonide]] – Antamóníd ghailliam – GaSb

[[Gallium arsenide]] – Arsainíd ghailliam – GaAs

[[Gallium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd ghailliam(III) – {{chem2|GaF3}}

[[Gallium trichloride]] – Trí-chlóiríd ghailliam – {{chem2|GaCl3}}

[[Gallium nitride]] – Nítríd ghailliam – GaN

[[Gallium phosphide]] – Fosfíd ghailliam – GaP

[[Gallium(II) sulfide]] – Suilfíd ghailliam(II) – GaS

[[Gallium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd ghailliam(III) – {{chem2|Ga2S3}}

=== [[Germanium|Ge]] ([[Gearmáiniam]]) ===
[[Digermane]] – Déghearmán – {{chem2|Ge2H6}}

[[Germane]] – Gearmán – {{chem2|GeH4}}

[[Germanium(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd ghearmáiniam(II) – {{chem2|GeBr2}}

[[Germanium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd ghearmáiniam(II) – {{chem2|GeCl2}}

[[Germanium(II) fluoride]] – Fluairíd ghearmáiniam(II) – {{chem2|GeF2}}

[[Germanium(II) iodide]] – Iaidíd ghearmáiniam(II) – {{chem2|GeI2}}

[[Germanium(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd ghearmáiniam(II) – GeO

[[Germanium(II) selenide]] – Seiléiníd ghearmáiniam(II) – GeSe

[[Germanium(II) sulfide]] – Suilfíd ghearmáiniam(II) – GeS

[[Germanium(IV) bromide]] – Bróimíd ghearmáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|GeBr4}}

[[Germanium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd ghearmáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|GeCl4}}

[[Germanium(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd ghearmáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|GeF4}}

[[Germanium(IV) iodide]] – Iaidíd ghearmáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|GeI4}}

[[Germanium(IV) nitride]] – Nítríd ghearmáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|Ge3N4}}

[[Germanium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd ghearmáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|GeO2}}

[[Germanium(IV) selenide]] – Seiléiníd ghearmáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|GeSe2}}

[[Germanium(IV) sulfide]] – Suilfíd ghearmáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|GeS2}}

[[Germanium difluoride]] – Défluairíd ghearmáiniam – {{chem2|GeF2}}

[[Germanium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd ghearmáiniam – {{chem2|GeO2}}

[[Germanium tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd ghearmáiniam – {{chem2|GeCl4}}

[[Germanium tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd ghearmáiniam – {{chem2|GeF4}}

[[Germanium telluride]] – Teallúiríd ghearmáiniam – GeTe

=== [[Gold|Au]] ([[Ór]]) ===
[[Gold(I) bromide]] – Bróimíd óir(I) – AuBr

[[Gold(I) chloride]] – Clóiríd óir(I) – AuCl

[[Gold(I) cyanide]] – Ciainíd óir(I) – AuCN

[[Gold(I) hydride]] – Hiodríd óir(I) – AuH

[[Gold(I) iodide]] – Iaidíd óir(I) – AuI

[[Gold(I) selenide]] – Seiléiníd óir(I) – {{chem2|Au2Se}}

[[Gold(I) sulfide]] – Suilfíd óir(I) – {{chem2|Au2S}}

[[Gold(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd óir(III) – {{chem2|(AuBr3)2}}

[[Gold(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd óir(III) – {{chem2|(AuCl3)2}}

[[Gold(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd óir(III) – {{chem2|AuF3}}

[[Gold(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd óir(III) – {{chem2|AuI3}}

[[Gold(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd óir(III) – {{chem2|Au2O3}}

[[Gold(III) selenide]] – Seiléiníd óir(III) – {{chem2|Au2Se3}}

[[Gold(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd óir(III) – {{chem2|Au2S3}}

[[Gold(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit óir(III) – {{chem2|Au(NO3)3}}

[[Gold(V) fluoride]] – Fluairíd óir(V) – {{chem2|AuF5}}

[[Gold(I,III) chloride]] – Clóiríd óir(I,III) – {{chem2|Au4Cl8}}

[[Gold ditelluride]] – Détheallúiríd óir – {{chem2|AuTe2}}

[[Gold heptafluoride]] – Heipteafluairíd óir – {{chem2|AuF5*F2}} ({{chem2|AuF7}})

== H ==
=== [[Hafnium|Hf]] ([[Haifniam]]) ===
[[Hafnium(IV) bromide]] – Bróimíd haifniam(IV) – {{chem2|HfBr4}}

[[Hafnium(IV) carbide]] – Cairbíd haifniam(IV) – HfC

[[Hafnium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd haifniam(IV) – {{chem2|HfCl4}}

[[Hafnium(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd haifniam(IV) – {{chem2|HfF4}}

[[Hafnium(IV) iodide]] – Iaidíd haifniam(IV) – {{chem2|HfI4}}

[[Hafnium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd haifniam(IV) – {{chem2|HfO2}}

[[Hafnium(IV) silicate]] – Sileacáit haifniam(IV) – {{chem2|HfSiO4}}

[[Hafnium(IV) sulfide]] – Suilfíd haifniam(IV) – {{chem2|HfS2}}

[[Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium]] – Heicseadeicicarbóinilheicsearóidiam – {{chem2|Rh6(CO)16}}

=== [[Hassium|Hs]] ([[Haisiam]]) ===
[[Hassium tetroxide]] – Teitrea-ocsaíd haisiam – {{chem2|HsO4}}

=== [[Holmium|Ho]] ([[Hoilmiam]]) ===
[[Holmium antimonide]] – Antamóníd hoilmiam – HoSb

[[Holmium arsenide]] – Arsainíd hoilmiam – HoAs

[[Holmium bismuthide]] – Biosmaitíd hoilmiam – HoBi

[[Holmium diantimonide]] – Déantamóníd hoilmiam – HoSb&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Holmium disilicide]] – Déisilícíd hoilmiam – {{chem2|HoSi2}}

[[Holmium iodate]] – Iaidáit hoilmiam – Ho(IO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Holmium monosulfide]] – Mónaisuilfíd hoilmiam – HoS

[[Holmium nitride]] – Nítríd hoilmiam – HoN

[[Holmium oxychloride]] – Ocsaiclóiríd hoilmiam – HoOCl

[[Holmium oxyfluoride]] – Ocsaifluairíd hoilmiam – HoOF

[[Holmium phosphide]] – Fosfíd hoilmiam – HoP

[[Holmium titanate]] – Tiotanáit hoilmiam – Ho&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Holmium(III) acetate]] – Aicéatáit hoilmiam(III) – Ho(CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;COO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Holmium(III) acetylacetonate]] – Aicéitil-aicéatónáit hoilmiam(III) – Ho(acac)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Holmium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd hoilmiam(III) – HoBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Holmium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit hoilmiam(III) – {{chem2|Ho2(CO3)3}}

[[Holmium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd hoilmiam(III) – {{chem2|HoCl3}}

[[Holmium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd hoilmiam(III) – {{chem2|HoF3}}

[[Holmium(III) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd hoilmiam(III) – Ho(OH)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Holmium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd hoilmiam(III) – HoI&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Holmium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit hoilmiam(III) – {{chem2|Ho(NO3)3}}

[[Holmium(III) oxalate]] – Ocsaláit hoilmiam(III) – Ho&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Holmium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd hoilmiam(III) – {{chem2|Ho2O3}}

[[Holmium(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit hoilmiam(III) – {{chem2|HoPO4}}

[[Holmium(III) selenide]] – Seiléiníd hoilmiam(III) – Ho&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Se&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Holmium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit hoilmiam(III) – {{chem2|Ho2(SO4)3}}

[[Holmium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd hoilmiam(III) – Ho&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Holmium(III) telluride]] – Teallúiríd hoilmiam(III) – Ho&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Te&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

=== [[Hydrogen|H]] ([[Hidrigin]]) ===
[[Hexafluorosilicic acid]] – Aigéad heicseafluairísileacach – {{chem2|H2F6Si}}

[[Hydrazine]] – Hiodraisín – {{chem2|N2H4}}

[[Hydrazoic acid]] – Aigéad hiodraisóiceach – {{chem2|HN3}}

[[Hydroiodic acid]] – Aigéad hiodraiaideach – HI

[[Hydrogen bromide]] – Bróimíd hidrigine – HBr

[[Hydrogen chloride]] – Clóiríd hidrigine – HCl

[[Hydrogen cyanide]] – Ciainíd hidrigine – HCN

[[Hydrogen fluoride]] – Fluairíd hidrigine – HF

[[Hydrogen peroxide]] – Sárocsaíd hidrigine – {{chem2|H2O2}}

[[Hydrogen selenide]] – Seiléiníd hidrigine – {{chem2|H2Se}}

[[Hydrogen sulfide]] – Suilfíd hidrigine – {{chem2|H2S}}

[[Hydrogen telluride]] – Teallúiríd hidrigine – {{chem2|H2Te}}

[[Hydroxylamine]] – Hiodrocsiolaimín – {{chem2|NH2OH}}

[[Hypobromous acid]] – Aigéad hipeabrómach – HBrO

[[Hypochlorous acid]] – Aigéad hipeaclórach – HClO

[[Hypophosphorous acid]] – Aigéad hipeafosfarach – {{chem2|H3PO2}}

[[Metaphosphoric acid]] – Aigéad meiteafosfarach – {{chem2|HPO3}}

[[Protonated molecular hydrogen]] – Prótónaithe móilíneach hidrigine – {{chem2|H3+}}

[[Trioxidane]] – Trí-ocsaídáin – {{chem2|H2O3}}

[[Water]] – Uisce – H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O

=== [[Helium|He]] ([[Héiliam]]) ===
[[Sodium helide]] – Héilíd sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2He}}

== I ==
=== [[Indium|In]] ([[Indiam]]) ===
[[Indium(I) bromide]] – Bróimíd indiam(I) – InBr

[[Indium halides#InI|Indium(I) iodide]] – Iaidíd indiam(I) – InI

[[Indium(I) oxide]] – Ocsaíd indiam(I) – {{chem2|In2O}}

[[Indium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd indiam(III) – {{chem2|InBr3}}

[[Indium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd indiam(III) – {{chem2|InCl3}}

[[Indium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd indiam(III) – {{chem2|InF3}}

[[Indium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit indiam(III) – {{chem2|In(NO3)3}}

[[Indium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd indiam(III) – {{chem2|In2O3}}

[[Indium(III) selenide]] – Seiléiníd indiam(III) – {{chem2|In2Se3}}

[[Indium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit indiam(III) – {{chem2|In2(SO4)3}}

[[Indium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd indiam(III) – {{chem2|In2S3}}

[[Indium antimonide]] – Antamóníd indiam – InSb

[[Indium arsenide]] – Arsainíd indiam – InAs

[[Indium nitride]] – Nítríd indiam – InN

[[Indium phosphide]] – Fosfíd indiam – InP

[[Trimethylindium]] – Trí-mheitilindiam – {{chem2|In(CH3)3}}

=== [[Iodine|I]] ([[Iaidín]]) ===
[[Iodic acid]] – Aigéad iaideach – {{chem2|HIO3}}

[[Iodine heptafluoride]] – Heipteafluairíd iaidín – {{chem2|IF7}}

[[Iodine pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd iaidín – {{chem2|IF5}}

[[Iodine monochloride]] – Mónaclóiríd iaidín – ICl

[[Iodine trichloride]] – Trí-chlóiríd iaidín – {{chem2|ICl3}}

[[Iodine pentachloride]] – Peinteaclóiríd iaidín – {{chem2|ICl5}}

[[Iodine tribromide]] – Trí-bhróimíd iaidín – {{chem2|IBr3}}

[[Periodic acid]] – Aigéad sáriaideach – {{chem2|HIO4}}

[[Tetrachloroiodic acid]] – Aigéad teitreachlóiriaideach – HICl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;

=== [[Iridium|Ir]] ([[Iridiam]]) ===
[[Iridium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd iridiam(IV) – {{chem2|IrCl4}}

[[Iridium(V) fluoride]] – Fluairíd iridiam(V) – {{chem2|IrF5}}

[[Iridium hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd iridiam – {{chem2|IrF6}}

[[Iridium tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd iridiam – {{chem2|IrF4}}

=== [[Iron|Fe]] ([[Iarann]]) ===
[[Columbite]] – Coluimít – {{chem2|Fe^{2+}Nb2O6}}

[[Iron(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd iarainn(II) – {{chem2|FeCl2}}

[[Iron(II) oxalate]] – Ocsaláit iarainn(II) – {{chem2|FeC2O4}}

[[Iron(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd iarainn(II) – FeO

[[Iron(II) selenate]] – Seiléanáit iarainn(II) – {{chem2|FeSeO4}}

[[Iron(II) sulfate]] – Suilfáit iarainn(II) – {{chem2|FeSO4}}

[[Iron(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd iarainn(III) – {{chem2|FeCl3}}

[[Iron(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd iarainn(III) – {{chem2|FeF3}}

[[Iron(III) oxalate]] – Ocsaláit iarainn(III) – {{chem2|C6Fe2O12}}

[[Iron(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd iarainn(III) – {{chem2|Fe2O3}}

[[Iron(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit iarainn(III) – {{chem2|Fe(NO3)3(H2O)9}}

[[Iron(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit iarainn(III) – {{chem2|Fe2(SO4)3}}

[[Iron(III) thiocyanate]] – Tiicianáit iarainn(III) – {{chem2|Fe(SCN)3}}

[[Iron(II,III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd iarainn(II,III) – {{chem2|Fe3O4}}

[[Iron ferrocyanide]] – Fearóiciainíd iarainn – {{chem2|Fe7(CN)18}}

[[Prussian blue]] – Gorm Prúiseach (Heicseisianafearráit iarainn(III)) – {{chem2|Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3}}

[[Ammonium iron(II) sulfate]] – Suilfáit iarainn(II) amóiniam – {{chem2|(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2}}

[[Iron(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd iarainn(II) – {{chem2|FeBr2}}

[[Iron(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd iarainn(III) – {{chem2|FeBr3}}

[[Iron disulfide]] – Déisuilfíd iarainn – {{chem2|FeS2}}

[[Iron dodecacarbonyl]] – Dódeicicarbóinil iarainn – {{chem2|Fe3(CO)12}}

[[Iron(II) iodide]] – Iaidíd iarainn(II) – {{chem2|FeI2}}

[[Iron naphthenate]] – Naftéanáit iarainn – {{chem2|Fe(ONap)3}}

[[Iron nonacarbonyl]] – Nónacarbóinil iarainn – {{chem2|Fe2(CO)9}}

[[Iron pentacarbonyl]] – Peinteacarbóinil iarainn – {{chem2|Fe(CO)5}}

[[Iron(III) perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit iarainn(III) – {{chem2|Fe(ClO4)3}}

[[Iron(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit iarainn(III) – {{chem2|FePO4}}

[[Iron(II) sulfamate]] – Suilfamáit iarainn(II) – {{chem2|(NH2SO3)2Fe}}

[[Iron(II) sulfide]] – Suilfíd iarainn(II) – FeS

== K ==
=== [[Krypton|Kr]] ([[Crioptón]]) ===
[[Krypton difluoride]] – Défluairíd crioptón – {{chem2|KrF2}}

== L ==
=== [[Lanthanum|La]] ([[Lantanam]]) ===
[[Lanthanum aluminium]] – Alúmanaim lantainim  – LaAl

[[Lanthanum cadmium]] – Caidmiam lantainim – LaCd

[[Lanthanum carbonate]] – Carbónáit lantainim – {{chem2|La2(CO3)3}}

[[Lanthanum magnesium]] – Maignéisiam lantainim   – LaMg

[[Lanthanum manganite]] – Mangainít lantainim – {{chem2|LaMnO3}}

[[Lanthanum mercury]] – Mearcair lantainim  – LaHg

[[Lanthanum silver]] – Airgid lantainim – LaAg

[[Lanthanum thallium]] – Tailliam lantainim – LaTl

[[Lanthanum zinc]] – Sinc lantainim  – LaZn

[[Lanthanum boride]] – Bóiríd lantainim – {{chem2|LaB6}}

[[Lanthanum(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd lantainim(III) – {{chem2|LaCl3}}

[[Lanthanum trifluoride]] – Trí-fluairíd lantainim – {{chem2|LaF3}}

[[Lanthanum(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd lantainim(III) – {{chem2|La2O3}}

[[Lanthanum(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit lantainim(III) – {{chem2|La(NO3)3}}

[[Lanthanum(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit lantainim(III) – {{chem2|LaPO4}}

[[Lanthanum(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit lantainim(III) – {{chem2|La2(SO4)3}}

=== [[Lead|Pb]] ([[Luaidhe]]) ===
[[Lead(II) azide]] – Aisíd luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|Pb(N3)2}}

[[Lead(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|PbBr2}}

[[Lead(II) carbonate]] – Carbónáit luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|Pb(CO3)}}

[[Lead(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|PbCl2}}

[[Lead(II) fluoride]] – Fluairíd luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|PbF2}}

[[Lead(II) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|Pb(OH)2}}

[[Lead(II) iodide]] – Iaidíd luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|PbI2}}

[[Lead(II) nitrate]] – Níotráit luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|Pb(NO3)2}}

[[Lead(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd luaidhe(II) – PbO

[[Lead(II) phosphate]] – Fosfáit luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|Pb3(PO4)2}}

[[Lead(II) sulfate]] – Suilfáit luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|Pb(SO4)}}

[[Lead(II) selenide]] – Seiléiníd luaidhe(II) – PbSe

[[Lead(II) sulfide]] – Suilfíd luaidhe(II) – PbS

[[Lead(II) telluride]] – Teallúiríd luaidhe(II) – PbTe

[[Lead(II) thiocyanate]] – Tiicianáit luaidhe(II) – {{chem2|Pb(CNS)2}}

[[Lead(II,IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd luaidhe(II,IV) – {{chem2|Pb3O4}}

[[Lead(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd luaidhe(IV) – {{chem2|PbO2}}

[[Lead(IV) sulfide]] – Suilfíd luaidhe(IV) – {{chem2|PbS2}}

[[Lead hydrogen arsenate]] – Arsanaít hidrigine luaidhe – {{chem2|PbHAsO4}}

[[Lead styphnate]] – Stiifneáit luaidhe – {{chem2|C6HN3O8Pb}}

[[Lead tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd luaidhe – {{chem2|PbCl4}}

[[Lead tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd luaidhe – {{chem2|PbF4}}

[[Lead tetroxide]] – Teitrea-ocsaíd luaidhe – {{chem2|Pb3O4}}

[[Lead titanate]] – Tiotanáit luaidhe – {{chem2|PbTiO3}}

[[Lead zirconate titanate]] – Tiotanáit siarcónáite luaidhe – {{chem2|Pb[Ti_{''x''}Zr_{1–''x''}]O3}}

[[Plumbane]] – Pluambán – {{chem2|PbH4}}

=== [[Lithium|Li]] ([[Litiam]]) ===
[[Lithium tetrachloroaluminate]] – Teitreachlóiríalúmanaít litiam – {{chem2|LiAlCl4}}

[[Lithium aluminium hydride]] – Hiodríd alúmanaim litiam – {{chem2|LiAlH4}}

[[Lithium bromide]] – Bróimíd litiam – LiBr

[[Lithium borohydride]] – Bóróhiodríd litiam – {{chem2|LiBH4}}

[[Lithium carbonate]] – Carbónáit litiam – {{chem2|Li2CO3}}

[[Lithium chloride]] – Clóiríd litiam – LiCl

[[Lithium hypochlorite]] – Hipeaclóirít litiam – LiClO

[[Lithium chlorate]] – Clóráit litiam – {{chem2|LiClO3}}

[[Lithium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit litiam – {{chem2|LiClO4}}

[[Lithium cobalt oxide]] – Ocsaíd cobailt litiam – {{chem2|LiCoO2}}

[[Lithium oxide]] – Ocsaíd litiam – {{chem2|Li2O}}

[[Lithium peroxide]] – Sárocsaíd litiam – {{chem2|Li2O2}}

[[Lithium hydride]] – Hiodríd litiam – LiH

[[Lithium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd litiam – LiOH

[[Lithium hydrosulfide]] – Hiodrosuilfíd litiam – LiHS

[[Lithium hypofluorite]] – Hipeafluairít litiam – LiOF

[[Lithium iodide]] – Iaidíd litiam – LiI

[[Lithium iron phosphate]] – Fosfáit iarainn litiam – {{chem2|FeLiO4P}}

[[Lithium nitrate]] – Níotráit litiam – {{chem2|LiNO3}}

[[Lithium sulfide]] – Suilfíd litiam – {{chem2|Li2S}}

[[Lithium sulfite]] – Suilfít litiam – {{chem2|Li2SO3}}

[[Lithium sulfate]] – Suilfáit litiam – {{chem2|Li2SO4}}

[[Lithium superoxide]] – Sár-ocsaíd litiam – {{chem2|LiO2}}

[[Lithium hexafluorophosphate]] – Heicseafluairífosfáit litiam – {{chem2|LiPF6}}

== M ==
=== [[Magnesium|Mg]] ([[Maignéisiam]]) ===
[[Magnesium antimonide]] – Antamóníd maignéisiam – MgSb

[[Magnesium bromide]] – Bróimíd mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgBr2}}

[[Magnesium carbonate]] – Carbónáit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgCO3}}

[[Magnesium chloride]] – Clóiríd mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgCl2}}

[[Magnesium citrate]] – Siotráit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|C6H6MgO7}}

[[Magnesium oxide]] – Ocsaíd mhaignéisiam – MgO

[[Magnesium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|Mg(ClO4)2}}

[[Magnesium phosphate]] – Fosfáit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|Mg3(PO4)2}}

[[Magnesium sulfate]] – Suilfáit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgSO4}}

[[Magnesium bicarbonate]] – Dé-charbónáit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|Mg(HCO3)2}}

[[Magnesium boride]] – Bóiríd mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgB6}}

[[Magnesium carbide]] – Cairbíd mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgC2}}

[[Magnesium cyanamide]] – Ciainaimíd mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgCN2}}

[[Magnesium fluoride]] – Fluairíd mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgF2}}

[[Magnesium fluorophosphate]] – Fluairífosfáit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgPO3F}}

[[Magnesium gluconate]] – Glúcónáit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|Mg(HOCH2(CHOH)4CO2)2}}

[[Magnesium hydride]] – Hiodríd mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgH2}}

[[Dimagnesium phosphate]] – Démhaignéisiam fhosfáit – {{chem2|MgHPO4}}

[[Magnesium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|Mg(OH)2}}

[[Magnesium hypochlorite]] – Hipeaclóirít mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|Mg(OCl)2}}

[[Magnesium iodide]] – Iaidíd mahignéisiam – {{chem2|MgI2}}

[[Magnesium molybdate]] – Molabdáit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgMoO4}}

[[Magnesium nitrate]] – Níotráit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|Mg(NO3)2}}

[[Magnesium oxalate]] – Ocsaláit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgC2O4}}

[[Magnesium peroxide]] – Sárocsaíd mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgO2}}

[[Magnesium silicate]] – Sileacáit mhaignéisiam – {{chem2|MgSiO3}}

[[Magnesium sulfide]] – Suilfíd maignéisiam – MgS

[[Magnesium titanate]] – Tiotanáit maignéisiam – {{chem2|MgTiO3}}

[[Magnesium tungstate]] – Tungstat maignéisiam – {{chem2|MgWO4}}

[[Magnesium zirconate]] – Siarcónáit maignéisiam – {{chem2|MgZrO3}}

=== [[Manganese|Mn]] ([[Mangainéis]]) ===
[[Manganese(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd mangainéise(II) – {{chem2|MnBr2}}

[[Manganese(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd mangainéise(II) – {{chem2|MnCl2}}

[[Manganese(II) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd mangainéise(II) – {{chem2|Mn(OH)2}}

[[Manganese(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd mangainéise(II) – MnO

[[Manganese(II) phosphate]] – Fosfáit mangainéise(II) – {{chem2|Mn3(PO4)2}}

[[Manganese(II) sulfate]] – Suilfáit mangainéise(II) – {{chem2|MnSO4}}

[[Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate]] – Mónaihiodráit suilfáite mangainéise(II) – {{chem2|MnSO4*H2O}}

[[Manganese(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd mangainéise(III) – {{chem2|MnCl3}}

[[Manganese(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd mangainéise(III) – {{chem2|Mn2O3}}

[[Manganese(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd mangainéise(IV) – {{chem2|MnF4}}

[[Manganese(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd mangainéise(IV) – {{chem2|MnO2}}

[[Manganese(II,III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd mangainéise(II,III) – {{chem2|Mn3O4}}

[[Manganese dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd mhangainéise – {{chem2|MnO2}}

[[Manganese heptoxide]] – Heiptea-ocsaíd mhangainéise – {{chem2|Mn2O7}}

=== [[Mercury (element)|Hg]] ([[Mearcair]]) ===
[[Mercury(I) chloride]] – Clóiríd mhearcair(I) – {{chem2|Hg2Cl2}}

[[Mercury(I) sulfate]] – Suilfáit mhearcair(I) – {{chem2|Hg2SO4}}

[[Mercury(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd mhearcair(II) – {{chem2|HgCl2}}

[[Mercury(II) hydride]] – Hiodríd mhearcair(II) – {{chem2|HgH2}}

[[Mercury(II) selenide]] – Seiléiníd mhearcair(II) – HgSe

[[Mercury(II) sulfate]] – Suilfáit mhearcair(II) – {{chem2|HgSO4}}

[[Mercury(II) sulfide]] – Suilfíd mhearcair(II) – HgS

[[Mercury telluride]] – Teallúiríd mhearcair(II) – HgTe

[[Mercury(II) thiocyanate]] – Tiaicianáit mhearcair(II) – {{chem2|Hg(SCN)2}}

[[Mercury(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd mhearcair(IV) – {{chem2|HgF4}}

[[Mercury fulminate]] – Fulmaináit mhearcair – {{chem2|Hg(ONC)2}}

=== [[Molybdenum|Mo]] ([[Molaibdéineam]]) ===
[[Molybdenum(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd mholaibdéinim(II) – {{chem2|MoBr2}}

[[Molybdenum(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd mholaibdéinim(II) – {{chem2|Mo6Cl12}}

[[Molybdenum(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd mholaibdéinim(III) – {{chem2|MoBr3}}

[[Molybdenum(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd mholaibdéinim(III) – {{chem2|MoCl3}}

[[Molybdenum(IV) carbide]] – Cairbíd mholaibdéinim(IV) – MoC

[[Molybdenum(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd mholaibdéinim(IV) – {{chem2|MoCl4}}

[[Molybdenum(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd mholaibdéinim(IV) – {{chem2|MoF4}}

[[Molybdenum(V) chloride]] – Clóiríd mholaibdéinim(V) – {{chem2|Mo2Cl10}}

[[Molybdenum(V) fluoride]] – Fluairíd mholaibdéinim(V) – {{chem2|MoF5}}

[[Molybdenum diselenide]] – Déiseiléiníd mholaibdéinim – {{chem2|MoSe2}}

[[Molybdenum disulfide]] – Déisuilfíd mholaibdéinim – {{chem2|MoS2}}

[[Molybdenum hexacarbonyl]] – Heicseacarbóinil mholaibdéinim – {{chem2|Mo(CO)6}}

[[Molybdenum hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd mholaibdéinim – {{chem2|MoF6}}

[[Molybdenum tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd mholaibdéinim – {{chem2|MoCl4}}

[[Molybdenum trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd mholaibdéinim – {{chem2|MoO3}}

[[Molybdic acid]] – Aigéad molaibdach – {{chem2|H2MoO4}}

== N ==
=== [[Neodymium|Nd]] ([[Neoidimiam]]) ===
[[Neodymium acetate]] – Aicéatáit neoidimiam – {{chem2|Nd(CH3COO)3}}

[[Neodymium arsenate| – Arsanáit neoidimiam(III – NdAsO4

[[Neodymium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd neoidimiam(II) – {{chem2|NdCl2}}

[[Neodymium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd neoidimiam(III) – {{chem2|NdCl3}}

[[NdFeB|Neodymium magnet]] – Maighnéad neoidimiam – {{chem2|Nd2Fe14B}}

[[Neodymium(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd neoidimiam(II) – {{chem2|NdBr2}}

[[Neodymium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd neoidimiam(III) – {{chem2|NdBr3}}

[[Neodymium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd neoidimiam(III) – {{chem2|NdF3}}

[[Neodymium(III) hydride]] – Hiodríd neoidimiam(III) – {{chem2|NdH3}}

[[Neodymium(II) iodide]] – Iaidíd neoidimiam(II) – {{chem2|NdI2}}

[[Neodymium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd neoidimiam(III) – {{chem2|NdI3}}

[[Neodymium molybdate]] – Molabdáit neoidimiam– {{chem2|Nd2(MoO4)3}}

[[Neodymium perrhenate]] – Sár-réineáit neoidimiam – {{chem2|Nd(ReO4)3}}

[[Neodymium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd neoidimiam(III) – {{chem2|Nd2S3}}

[[Neodymium tantalate]] – Tantaláit neoidimiam – {{chem2|NdTaO4}}

[[Neodymium(III) vanadate]] – Vanaidáit neoidimiam(III) – {{chem2|NdVO4}}

=== [[Neptunium|Np]] ([[Neiptiúiniam]]) ===
[[Neptunium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd neiptiúiniam(III) – {{chem2|NpF3}}

[[Neptunium(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd neiptiúiniam(IV) – {{chem2|NpF4}}

[[Neptunium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd neiptiúiniam(IV) – {{chem2|NpO2}}

[[Neptunium(VI) fluoride]] – Fluairíd neiptiúiniam(VI) – {{chem2|NpF6}}

=== [[Nickel|Ni]] ([[Nicil]]) ===
[[Nickel(II) carbonate]] – Carbónáit nicil(II) – {{chem2|NiCO3}}

[[Nickel(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd nicil(II) – {{chem2|NiCl2}}

[[Nickel(II) fluoride]] – Fluairíd nicil(II) – {{chem2|NiF2}}

[[Nickel(II) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd nicil(II) – {{chem2|Ni(OH)2}}

[[Nickel(II) nitrate]] – Níotráit nicil(II) – {{chem2|Ni(NO3)2}}

[[Nickel(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd nicil(II) – NiO

[[Nickel(II) sulfamate]] – Suilfamáit nicil(II) – {{chem2|Ni(SO3NH2)2}}

[[Nickel(II) sulfide]] – Suilfíd nicil(II) – NiS

=== [[Niobium|Nb]] ([[Niaibiam]]) ===
[[Niobium(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd niaibiam(IV) – {{chem2|NbF4}}

[[Niobium(V) fluoride]] – Fluairíd niaibiam(V) – {{chem2|NbF5}}

[[Niobium oxychloride]] – Ocsaiclóiríd niaibiam – {{chem2|NbOCl3}}

[[Niobium pentachloride]] – Peinteaclóiríd niaibiam – {{chem2|NbCl5}}

=== [[Nitrogen|N]] ([[Nítrigin]]) ===
[[Dinitrogen pentoxide]] – Peintea-ocsaíd dénítrigine – {{chem2|N2O5}}

[[Dinitrogen tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd dénítrigine – {{chem2|N2F4}}

[[Dinitrogen tetroxide]] – Teitrea-ocsaíd dénítrigine – {{chem2|N2O4}}

[[Dinitrogen trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd dénítrigine – {{chem2|N2O3}}

[[Nitric acid]] – Aigéad nítreach – {{chem2|HNO3}}

[[Nitrous acid]] – Aigéad níotrach – {{chem2|HNO2}}

[[Nitrogen dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd nítrigine – {{chem2|NO2}}

[[Nitrogen monoxide]] – Mónaocsaíd nítrigine – NO

[[Nitrous oxide]] – Ocsaíd níotrach – {{chem2|N2O}}

[[Nitrogen pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd nítrigine – {{chem2|NF5}}

[[Nitrogen triiodide]] – Trí-iaidíd nítrigine – {{chem2|NI3}}

[[Thiazyl fluoride]] – Fluairíd tiaise – {{chem2|NSF}}

=== NO ([[Nítreasóniam]]) ===
[[Nitrosonium octafluoroxenate(VI)]] – Ochtfluairíxeanáit nítreasóniam – {{chem2|(NO)2XeF8}}

[[Nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate]] – Teitreafluairíbóráit nítreasóniam – {{chem2|NOBF4}}

[[Nitrosylsulfuric acid]] – Aigéad níotróisilsulfarac – {{chem2|NOHSO4}}

== O ==
=== [[Osmium|Os]] ([[Oismiam]]) ===
[[Osmium hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd oismiam – {{chem2|OsF6}}

[[Osmium tetroxide]] – Teitrea-ocsaíd oismiam – {{chem2|OsO4}}

[[Osmium trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd oismiam – {{chem2|OsO3}}

=== [[Oxygen|O]] ([[Ocsaigin]]) ===
[[Tributyltin]] – Trí-bhúitiltin – {{chem2|C24H54OSn2}}

[[Oxygen difluoride]] – Défluairíd ocsaigine – {{chem2|OF2}}

[[Ozone]] – [[Ózón – {{chem2|O3}}

[[Aluminium oxide]] – Ocsaíd alúmanaim – {{chem2|Al2O3}}

[[Americium(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd aimeiriciam(II) – AmO

[[Americium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd aimeiriciam(IV) – {{chem2|AmO2}}

[[Antimony trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd antamóin – {{chem2|Sb2O3}}

[[Antimony(V) oxide]] – Ocsaíd antamóin(V) – {{chem2|Sb2O5}}

[[Arsenic trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd arsaenach – {{chem2|As2O3}}

[[Arsenic(V) oxide]] – Ocsaíd arsaenach(V) – {{chem2|As2O5}}

[[Barium oxide]] – Ocsaíd bhairiam – BaO

[[Beryllium oxide]] – Ocsaíd bheirilliam – BeO

[[Bismuth(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd bhiosmait(III) – {{chem2|Bi2O3}}

[[Bismuth oxychloride]] – Ocsaiclóiríd bhiosmait – BiOCl

[[Boron trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd bhóróin – {{chem2|B2O3}}

[[Bromine monoxide]] – Mónaocsaíd bhróimín – {{chem2|Br2O}}

[[Carbon dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd charbóin – {{chem2|CO2}}

[[Carbon monoxide]] – Mónaocsaíd charbóin – CO

[[Cerium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd cheiriam(IV) – {{chem2|CeO2}}

[[Chlorine dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd chlóirín – {{chem2|ClO2}}

[[Chlorine trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd chlóirín – {{chem2|ClO3}}

[[Dichlorine heptaoxide]] – Heiptea-ocsaíd déchlóirín – {{chem2|Cl2O7}}

[[Dichlorine monoxide]] – Mónaocsaíd déchlóirín – {{chem2|Cl2O}}

[[Chromium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chróimiam(III) – {{chem2|Cr2O3}}

[[Chromium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chróimiam(IV) – {{chem2|CrO2}}

[[Chromium(VI) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chróimiam(VI) – {{chem2|CrO3}}

[[Cobalt(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chobailt(II) – CoO

[[Copper(I) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chopair(I) – {{chem2|Cu2O}}

[[Copper(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chopair(II) – CuO

[[Curium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chiúiriam(III) – {{chem2|Cm2O3}}

[[Curium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd chiúiriam(IV) – {{chem2|CmO2}}

[[Dysprosium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd diospróisiam(III) – {{chem2|Dy2O3}}

[[Erbium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd eirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Er2O3}}

[[Europium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd eoraipiam(III) – {{chem2|Eu2O3}}

[[Oxygen difluoride]] – Défluairíd ocsaigine – {{chem2|OF2}}

[[Dioxygen difluoride]] – Défluairíd dé-ocsaigine – {{chem2|O2F2}}

[[Francium oxide]] – Ocsaíd fhrainciam – {{chem2|Fr2O}}

[[Gadolinium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd ghadailiniam(III) – {{chem2|Gd2O3}}

[[Gallium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd ghailliam(III) – {{chem2|Ga2O3}}

[[Germanium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd ghearmáiniam – {{chem2|GeO2}}

[[Gold(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd óir(III) – {{chem2|Au2O3}}

[[Hafnium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd haifniam – {{chem2|HfO2}}

[[Holmium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd hoilmiam(III) – {{chem2|Ho2O3}}

[[Indium(I) oxide]] – Ocsaíd indiam(I) – {{chem2|In2O}}

[[Indium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd indiam(III) – {{chem2|In2O3}}

[[Iodine pentoxide]] – Peintea-ocsaíd iaidín – {{chem2|I2O5}}

[[Iridium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd iridiam(IV) – {{chem2|IrO2}}

[[Iron(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd iarainn(II) – FeO

[[Iron(II,III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd iarainn(II,III) – {{chem2|Fe3O4}}

[[Iron(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd iarainn(III) – {{chem2|Fe2O3}}

[[Lanthanum(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd lantainim(III) – {{chem2|La2O3}}

[[Lead(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd luaidhe(II) – PbO

[[Lead dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd luaidhe – {{chem2|PbO2}}

[[Lithium oxide]] – Ocsaíd litiam – {{chem2|Li2O}}

[[Magnesium oxide]] – Ocsaíd mhaignéisiam – MgO

[[Potassium oxide]] – Ocsaíd photaisiam – {{chem2|K2O}}

[[Rubidium oxide]] – Ocsaíd rubaidiam – {{chem2|Rb2O}}

[[Sodium oxide]] – Ocsaíd sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2O}}

[[Strontium oxide]] – Ocsaíd strointiam – SrO

[[Tellurium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd teallúiriam – {{chem2|TeO2}}

[[Uranium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd úráiniam(IV) – {{chem2|UO2}}

(ocsaídí simplí, ocsaídí, agus comhdhúile gaolmhara amháin, ní hiodrocsaídí, carbónáití, aigéid, nó comhdhúile eile atá liostaithe in áiteanna eile)

== P ==

=== [[Palladium|Pd]] ([[Pallaidiam]]) ===
[[Palladium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd phallaidiam(II) – {{chem2|PdCl2}}

[[Palladium(II) nitrate]] – Níotráit phalladiam(II) – {{chem2|Pd(NO3)2}}

[[Palladium(II,IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd phalladiam(II,IV) – {{chem2|PdF3}}

[[Palladium sulfate]] – Suilfáit phalladiam– {{chem2|PdSO4}}

[[Palladium tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd phalladiam – {{chem2|PdF4}}

=== [[Phosphorus|P]] ([[Fosfar]]) ===
[[Diphosphorus tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd défosfair – {{chem2|P2Cl4}}

[[Diphosphorus tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd défosfair – {{chem2|P2F4}}

[[Diphosphorus tetraiodide]] – Teitreaiaidíd défosfair – {{chem2|P2I4}}

[[Hexachlorophosphazene]] – Heicseaclóirífosfaisín – {{chem2|(NPCl2)3}}

[[Phosphine]] – Foisfín – {{chem2|PH3}}

[[Phosphomolybdic acid]] – Aigéad fosfamolabdach – {{chem2|H3PMo12O40}}

[[Phosphoric acid]] – Aigéad fosfarach – {{chem2|H3PO4}}

[[Phosphorous acid]] – Aigéad fosfarach – {{chem2|H3PO3}}

[[Phosphoryl nitride]] – Nítríd fhosfairile – {{chem2|OPN}}

[[Phosphorus pentabromide]] – Peinteabróimíd fhosfarach – {{chem2|PBr5}}

[[Phosphorus pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd fhosfarach – {{chem2|PF5}}

[[Phosphorus pentasulfide]] – Peinteashuilfíd fhosfarach – {{chem2|P4S10}}

[[Phosphorus pentoxide]] – Peintea-ocsaíd fhosfarach – {{chem2|P2O5}}

[[Phosphorus sesquisulfide]] – Seisciuilfíd fhosfarach – {{chem2|P4S3}}

[[Phosphorus tribromide]] – Tríbhróimíd fhosfarach – {{chem2|PBr3}}

[[Phosphorus trichloride]] – Tríchlóiríd fhosfarach – {{chem2|PCl3}}

[[Phosphorus trifluoride]] – Trífhluairíd fhosfarach – {{chem2|PF3}}

[[Phosphorus triiodide]] – Trí-iaidíd fhosfarach– {{chem2|PI3}}

[[Phosphotungstic acid]] – Aigéad fosfatungstach – {{chem2|H3PW12O40}}

[[Poly(dichlorophosphazene)]] – Pola(déchlóirífosfaisín) – {{chem2|(NPCl2)_{''n''}}}

=== [[Platinum|Pt]] ([[Platanam]]) ===
[[Platinum(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd phlatanaim(II) – {{chem2|PtCl2}}

[[Platinum(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd phlatanaim(IV) – {{chem2|PtCl4}}

[[Platinum hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd phlatanaim – {{chem2|PtF6}}

[[Platinum pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd phlatanaim – {{chem2|PtF5}}

[[Platinum tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd phlatanaim – {{chem2|PtF4}}

=== [[Plutonium|Pu]] ([[Plútóiniam]]) ===
[[Plutonium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd phlútóiniam(III) – {{chem2|PuBr3}}

[[Plutonium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd phlútóiniam(III) – {{chem2|PuCl3}}

[[Plutonium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd phlútóiniam(III) – {{chem2|PuF3}}

[[Plutonium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd phlútóiniam(III) – {{chem2|PuI3}}

[[Plutonium dihydride]] – Déhiodríd phlútóiniam – {{chem2|PuH_{2+''x''}}}

[[Plutonium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd phlútóiniam – {{chem2|PuO2}}

[[Plutonium hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd phlútóiniam – {{chem2|PuF6}}

[[Plutonium tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd phlútóiniam – {{chem2|PuF4}}

[[Plutonium trihydride]] – Trí-hiodríd phlútóiniam – {{chem2|PuH3}}

=== [[Polonium|Po]] ([[Polóiniam]]) ===
[[Polonium hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd pholóiniam – {{chem2|PoF6}}

[[Polonium monoxide]] – Mónaocsaíd pholóiniam – PoO

[[Polonium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd pholóiniam – {{chem2|PoO2}}

[[Polonium trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd pholóiniam – {{chem2|PoO3}}

=== [[Positronium|Ps]] ([[Posatróiniam]]) ===
[[Di-positronium]] – Dé-posatróiniam – {{chem2|Ps2}}

[[Positronium hydride]] – Hiodríd phosatróiniam – PsH

=== [[Potassium|K]] ([[Potaisiam]]) ===
[[Potash Alum]] – Alúm potaise – {{chem2|K2SO4Al2(SO4)324H2O}}

[[Potassium alum]] – Alúm potaisiam – {{chem2|AlK(SO4)2}}

[[Potassium aluminium fluoride]] – Fluairíd alúmanaim agus potaisiam – {{chem2|KAlF4}}

[[Potassium amide]] – Aimíd photaisiam – {{chem2|KNH2}}

[[Potassium argentocyanide]] – Airgeadciainíd photaisiam – {{chem2|KAg(CN)2}}

[[Potassium arsenite]] – Arsainít photaisiam – {{chem2|KAsO2}}

[[Potassium azide]] – Aisíd photaisiam – {{chem2|KN3}}

[[Potassium borate]] – Bóráit photaisiam – {{chem2|K2B4O7*4H2O}}

[[Potassium bromide]] – Bróimíd photaisiam – KBr

[[Potassium bicarbonate]] – Dé-charbónáit photaisiam – {{chem2|KHCO3}}

[[Potassium bifluoride]] – Dé-fluairíd photaisiam – {{chem2|KHF2}}

[[Potassium bisulfite]] – Dé-shuilfít photaisiam – {{chem2|KHSO3}}

[[Potassium carbonate]] – Carbónáit photaisiam – {{chem2|K2CO3}}

[[Potassium calcium chloride]] – Clóiríd photaisiam cailciam – {{chem2|KCaCl3}}

[[Potassium chlorate]] – Clóráit photaisiam – {{chem2|KClO3}}

[[Potassium chloride]] – Clóiríd photaisiam – KCl

[[Potassium chlorite]] – Clóirít photaisiam – {{chem2|KClO2}}

[[Potassium chromate]] – Crómáit photaisiam – {{chem2|K2CrO4}}

[[Potassium cyanide]] – Ciainíd photaisiam – KCN

[[Potassium dichromate]] – Dé-chrómáit photaisiam – {{chem2|K2Cr2O7}}

[[Potassium dithionite]] – Déithianít photaisiam – {{chem2|K2S2O4}}

[[Potassium ferrate]] – Fearráit photaisiam – {{chem2|K2FeO4}}

[[Potassium ferrioxalate]] – Fearrócsaláit photaisiam – {{chem2|K3[Fe(C2O4)3]}}

[[Potassium ferricyanide]] – Fearriciainíd photaisiam – {{chem2|K3[Fe(CN)6]}}

[[Potassium ferrocyanide]] – Fearróiciainíd photaisiam – {{chem2|K4[Fe(CN)6]}}

[[Potassium heptafluorotantalate]] – Heipteafluairítantaláit photaisiam – {{chem2|K2[TaF7]}}

[[Potassium hexafluorophosphate]] – Heicseafluairífosfáit photaisiam – {{chem2|KPF6}}

[[Potassium hydrogen carbonate]] – Hiodrigincharbónáit photaisiam – {{chem2|KHCO3}}

[[Potassium hydrogen fluoride]] – Hiodriginfluairíd photaisiam – {{chem2|KHF2}}

[[Potassium hydroxide|Potassium hydroxide/caustic potash]] – Hiodrocsaíd photaisiam / potaise loiscneach – KOH

[[Potassium iodide]] – Iaidíd photaisiam – KI

[[Potassium iodate]] – Iaidáit photaisiam – {{chem2|KIO3}}

[[Potassium manganate]] – Mangaináit photaisiam – {{chem2|K2MnO4}}

[[Potassium monopersulfate]] – Mónaisárshuilfáit photaisiam – {{chem2|K2SO4KHSO42KHSO5}}

[[Potassium nitrate]] – Níotráit photaisiam – {{chem2|KNO3}}

[[Potassium perbromate]] – Sárbhrómáit photaisiam – {{chem2|KBrO4}}

[[Potassium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit photaisiam – {{chem2|KClO4}}

[[Potassium periodate]] – Sáriaidáit photaisiam – {{chem2|KIO4}}

[[Potassium permanganate]] – Sár-mhangaináit photaisiam – {{chem2|KMnO4}}

[[Potassium sodium tartrate]] – Tartráit photaisiam sóidiam – {{chem2|KNaC4H4O6}}

[[Potassium sulfate]] – Suilfáit photaisiam – {{chem2|K2SO4}}

[[Potassium sulfite]] – Suilfít photaisiam – {{chem2|K2SO3}}

[[Potassium sulfide]] – Suilfíd photaisiam – {{chem2|K2S}}

[[Potassium tartrate]] – Tartráit photaisiam – {{chem2|K2C4H4O6}}

[[Potassium tetrachloroiodate(III)]] – Teitreachlóiriaidáit pohtaisiam(III) – KICl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;

[[Potassium tetraiodomercurate(II)]] – Teitreaiaidímearcúráit photaisiam(II) – {{chem2|K2HgI4}}

[[Potassium thiocyanate]] – Tiicianáit photaisiam – KSCN

[[Potassium titanyl phosphate]] – Fosfáit tiotainile photaisiam – {{chem2|KTiOPO4}}

[[Potassium vanadate]] – Vanaidáit photaisiam – {{chem2|KVO3}}

[[Tripotassium phosphate]] – Tríphotaisiam fhosfáit – {{chem2|K3PO4}}

=== [[Praseodymium|Pr]] ([[Praiséidimiam]]) ===
[[Praseodymium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd phraiséidimiam(III) – {{chem2|PrCl3}}

[[Praseodymium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit phraiséidimiam(III) – {{chem2|Pr2(SO4)3}}

[[Praseodymium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd phraiséidimiam(III) – {{chem2|PrBr3}}

[[Praseodymium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit phraiséidimiam(III) – {{chem2|Pr2(CO3)3}}

[[Praseodymium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd phraiséidimiam(III) – {{chem2|PrF3}}

[[Praseodymium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd phraiséidimiam(III) – {{chem2|PrI3}}

[[Praseodymium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit phraiséidimiam(III) – {{chem2|Pr(NO3)3}}

[[Praseodymium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd phraiséidimiam(III) – {{chem2|Pr2O3}}

[[Praseodymium(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit phraiséidimiam(III) – {{chem2|PrPO4}}

[[Praseodymium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd phraiséidimiam(III) – {{chem2|Pr2S3}}

=== [[Promethium|Pm]] ([[Próiméitiam]]) ===
[[Promethium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd phróiméitiam(III) – {{chem2|PmCl3}}

[[Promethium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd phróiméitiam(III) – {{chem2|Pm2O3}}

[[Promethium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd phróiméitiam(III) – {{chem2|PmBr3}}

[[Promethium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit phróiméitiam(III) – {{chem2|Pm2(CO3)3}}

[[Promethium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd phróiméitiam(III) – {{chem2|PmF3}}

[[Promethium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd phróiméitiam(III) – {{chem2|PmI3}}

[[Promethium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit phróiméitiam(III) – {{chem2|Pm(NO3)3}}

[[Promethium(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit phróiméitiam(III) – {{chem2|PmPO4}}

[[Promethium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit phróiméitiam(III) – {{chem2|Pm2(SO4)3}}

[[Promethium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd phróiméitiam(III) – {{chem2|Pm2S3}}

== R ==
=== [[Radium|Ra]] ([[Raidiam]]) ===
[[Radium bromide]] – Bróimíd raidiam – {{chem2|RaBr2}}

[[Radium carbonate]] – Carbónáit raidiam – {{chem2|RaCO3}}

[[Radium chloride]] – Clóiríd raidiam – {{chem2|RaCl2}}

[[Radium fluoride]] – Fluairíd raidiam – {{chem2|RaF2}}

=== [[Radon|Rn]] ([[Radón]]) ===
[[Radon difluoride]] – Défluairíd radóin – {{chem2|RnF2}}

=== [[Rhenium|Re]] ([[Réiniam]]) ===
[[Rhenium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd réiniam(IV) – {{chem2|ReO2}}

[[Rhenium(VII) oxide]] – Ocsaíd réiniam(VII) – {{chem2|Re2O7}}

[[Rhenium heptafluoride]] – Heipteafluairíd réiniam – {{chem2|ReF7}}

[[Rhenium hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd réiniam – {{chem2|ReF6}}

=== [[Rhodium|Rh]] ([[Róidiam]]) ===
[[Rhodium hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd róidiam – {{chem2|RhF6}}

[[Rhodium pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd róidiam – {{chem2|Rh4F20}}

[[Rhodium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd róidiam(III) – {{chem2|RhCl3}}

[[Rhodium(III) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd róidiam(III) – {{chem2|Rh(OH)3}}

[[Rhodium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd róidiam(III) – {{chem2|RhI3}}

[[Rhodium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit róidiam(III) – {{chem2|Rh(NO3)3}}

[[Rhodium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd róidiam(III) – {{chem2|Rh2O3}}

[[Rhodium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit róidiam(III) – {{chem2|Rh2(SO4)6}}

[[Rhodium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd róidiam(III) – {{chem2|Rh2S3}}

[[Rhodium(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd róidiam(IV) – {{chem2|RhF4}}

[[Rhodium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd róidiam(IV) – {{chem2|RhO2}}

=== [[Rubidium|Rb]] ([[Rubaidiam]]) ===
[[Rubidium azide]] – Aisíd rubaidiam – {{chem2|RbN3}}

[[Rubidium bromide]] – Bróimíd rubaidiam – RbBr

[[Rubidium chloride]] – Clóiríd rubaidiam – RbCl

[[Rubidium fluoride]] – Fluairíd rubaidiam – RbF

[[Rubidium hydrogen sulfate]] – Hiodriginsuilfáit rubaidiam – {{chem2|RbHSO4}}

[[Rubidium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd rubaidiam – RbOH

[[Rubidium iodide]] – Iaidíd rubaidiam – RbI

[[Rubidium nitrate]] – Níotráit rubaidiam – {{chem2|RbNO3}}

[[Rubidium oxide]] – Ocsaíd rubaidiam – {{chem2|Rb2O}}

[[Rubidium telluride]] – Teallúiríd rubaidiam – {{chem2|Rb2Te}}

[[Rubidium titanyl phosphate]] – Fosfáit tiotainile rubaidiam – {{chem2|RbTiOPO4}}

=== [[Ruthenium|Ru]] ([[Ruitéiniam]]) ===
[[Ruthenium hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd ruitéiniam – {{chem2|RuF6}}

[[Ruthenium pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd ruitéiniam – {{chem2|RuF5}}

[[Ruthenium tetroxide|Ruthenium(VIII) oxide]] – Teitrea-ocsaíd ruitéiniam (ocsaíd ruitéiniam(VIII)) – {{chem2|RuO4}}

[[Ruthenium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd ruitéiniam(III) – {{chem2|RuCl3}}

[[Ruthenium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd ruitéiniam(IV) – {{chem2|RuO2}}

== S ==
=== [[Samarium|Sm]] ([[Samairiam]]) ===
[[Samarium(II) iodide]] – Iaidíd samairiam(II) – {{chem2|SmI2}}

[[Samarium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd samairiam(III) – {{chem2|SmCl3}}

[[Samarium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd samairiam(III) – {{chem2|Sm2O3}}

[[Samarium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd samairiam(III) – {{chem2|SmBr3}}

[[Samarium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit samairiam(III) – {{chem2|Sm2(CO3)3}}

[[Samarium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd samairiam(III) – {{chem2|SmF3}}

[[Samarium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd samairiam(III) – {{chem2|SmI3}}

[[Samarium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit samairiam(III) – {{chem2|Sm(NO3)3}}

[[Samarium(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit samairiam(III) – {{chem2|SmPO4}}

[[Samarium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit samairiam(III) – {{chem2|Sm2(SO4)4}}

[[Samarium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd samairiam(III) – {{chem2|Sm2S3}}

=== [[Scandium|Sc]] ([[Scaindiam]]) ===
[[Scandium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd scaindiam(III) – {{chem2|ScF3}}

[[Scandium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit scaindiam(III) – {{chem2|Sc(NO3)3}}

[[Scandium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd scaindiam(III) – {{chem2|Sc2O3}}

[[Scandium(III) triflate]] – Trí-fhlait scaindiam(III) – {{chem2|Sc(OSO2CF3)3}}

=== [[Seaborgium|Sg]] ([[Seaboirgiam]]) ===
[[Seaborgium hexacarbonyl]] – Heicseacarbóinil seaboirgiam – {{chem2|Sg(CO)6}}

=== [[Selenium|Se]] ([[Seiléiniam]]) ===
[[Selenic acid]] – Aigéad seiléanach – {{chem2|H2SeO4}}

[[Selenious acid]] – Aigéad seiléiniúil – {{chem2|H2SeO3}}

[[Selenium dibromide]] – Débhróimíd sheiléiniam – {{chem2|SeBr2}}

[[Selenium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd sheiléiniam – {{chem2|SeO2}}

[[Selenium disulfide]] – Déishuilfíd sheiléiniam – {{chem2|SeS2}}

[[Selenium hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd sheiléiniam – {{chem2|SeF6}}

[[Selenium hexasulfide]] – Heicseashuilfíd sheiléiniam – {{chem2|Se2S6}}

[[Selenium oxybromide]] – Ocsaibróimíd sheiléiniam – {{chem2|SeOBr2}}

[[Selenium oxydichloride]] – Ocsaidéchlóiríd sheiléiniam – {{chem2|SeOCl2}}

[[Selenium tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd sheiléiniam – {{chem2|SeCl4}}

[[Selenium tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd sheiléiniam – {{chem2|SeF4}}

[[Selenium trioxide]] – Trí-ocsaíd sheiléiniam – {{chem2|SeO3}}

[[Selenoyl fluoride]] – Fluairíd sheiléinile – {{chem2|SeO2F2}}

=== [[Silicon|Si]] ([[Sileacan]]) ===
[[Disilane]] – Déshileán – {{chem2|Si2H6}}

[[Silane]] – Sileán – {{chem2|SiH4}}

[[Silica gel]] – Glóthach shilice – {{chem2|SiO2*''n''H2O}}

[[Silicic acid]] – Aigéad siliceach – {{chem2|Si(OH)4}}

[[Silicochloroform]], [[trichlorosilane]] – Sileaclóraform, trí-chlóirísileán – {{chem2|SiHCl3}}

[[Silicofluoric acid]] – Aigéad sileacafluarach – {{chem2|H2SiF6}}

[[Silicon boride]] – Bóiríd shileacain – {{chem2|SiB3}}

[[Silicon carbide]] (carborundum) – Cairbíd shileacain (carbarandam) – SiC

[[Silicon dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd sileacain – {{chem2|SiO2}}

[[Silicon monoxide]] – Aonocsaíd sileacain – SiO

[[Silicon nitride]] – Nítríd sileacain – {{chem2|Si3N4}}

[[Silicon tetrabromide]] – Teitreibhróimíd sileacain – {{chem2|SiBr4}}

[[Silicon tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd sileacain – {{chem2|SiCl4}}

[[Silicon tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd sileacain – {{chem2|SiF4}}

[[Silicon tetraiodide]] – Teitreaiaidíd sileacain – {{chem2|SiI4}}

[[Thortveitite]] – Tortveitít – {{chem2|(Sc,Y)2Si2O7}}

=== [[Silver|Ag]] ([[Airgead]]) ===
[[Silver(I) fluoride]] – Fluairíd airgid(I) – AgF

[[Silver(II) fluoride]] – Fluairíd airgid(II) – {{chem2|AgF2}}

[[Silver acetylide]] – Aicéitilíd airgid – {{chem2|Ag2C2}}

[[Silver argentocyanide]] – Airgeadciainíd airgid – {{chem2|KAg(CN)2}}

[[Silver azide]] – Aisíd airgid – {{chem2|AgN3}}

[[Silver bromate]] – Brómáit airgid – {{chem2|AgBrO3}}

[[Silver bromide]] – Bróimíd airgid – AgBr

[[Silver chlorate]] – Clóráit airgid – {{chem2|AgClO3}}

[[Silver chloride]] – Clóiríd airgid – AgCl

[[Silver chromate]] – Crómáit airgid – {{chem2|Ag2CrO4}}

[[Silver fluoroborate]] – Fluairíbóráit airgid – {{chem2|AgBF4}}

[[Silver fulminate]] – Fulmaináit airgid – AgCNO

[[Silver hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd airgid – AgOH

[[Silver iodide]] – Iaidíd airgid – AgI

[[Silver nitrate]] – Níotráit airgid – {{chem2|AgNO3}}

[[Silver nitride]] – Nítríd airgid – {{chem2|Ag3N}}

[[Silver oxide]] – Ocsaíd airgid – {{chem2|Ag2O}}

[[Silver perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit airgid – {{chem2|AgClO4}}

[[Silver permanganate]] – Sár-mhangaináit airgid – {{chem2|AgMnO4}}

[[Silver phosphate]] – Fosfáit airgid – {{chem2|Ag3PO4}}

[[Silver subfluoride]] – Fo-fluairíd airgid – {{chem2|Ag2F}}

[[Silver sulfate]] – Suilfáit airgid – {{chem2|Ag2SO4}}

[[Silver sulfide]] – Suilfíd airgid – {{chem2|Ag2S}}

=== [[Sodium|Na]] ([[Sóidiam]]) ===
[[Sodamide]] – Sóidaimíd – {{chem2|NaNH2}}

[[Sodium aluminate]] – Alúmanaít sóidiam – {{chem2|NaAlO2}}

[[Sodium arsenate]] – Arsanaít sóidiam – {{chem2|H24Na3AsO16}}

[[Sodium azide]] – Aisíd sóidiam – {{chem2|NaN3}}

[[Sodium bicarbonate]] – Décharbónáit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaHCO3}}

[[Sodium biselenide]] – Désheiléiníd sóidiam – NaSeH

[[Sodium bisulfate]] – Déshuilfáit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaHSO4}}

[[Sodium bisulfite]] – D-shuilfít sóidiam – {{chem2|NaHSO3}}

[[Sodium borate]] – Bóráit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2B4O7}}

[[Sodium borohydride]] – Bóróhiodríd sóidiam – {{chem2|NaBH4}}

[[Sodium bromate]] – Brómáit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaBrO3}}

[[Sodium bromide]] – Bróimíd sóidiam – NaBr

[[Sodium bromite]] – Bróimít sóidiam – {{chem2|NaBrO2}}

[[Sodium carbide]] – Cairbíd sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2C2}}

[[Sodium carbonate]] – Carbónáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2CO3}}

[[Sodium chlorate]] – Clóráit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaClO3}}

[[Sodium chloride]] – Clóiríd sóidiam – NaCl

[[Sodium chlorite]] – Clóirít sóidiam – {{chem2|NaClO2}}

[[Sodium cobaltinitrite]] – Cobailtínítrít sóidiam – {{chem2|CoN6Na3O12}}

[[Sodium copper tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd copair sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2CuCl4}}

[[Sodium cyanate]] – Ciaináit sóidiam – NaCNO

[[Sodium cyanide]] – Ciainíd sóidiam – NaCN

[[Sodium dichromate]] – Déchrómáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2Cr2O7*2H2O}}

[[Sodium dioxide]] – Déocsaíd sóidiam – {{chem2|NaO2}}

[[Sodium dithionite]] – Déthiainít sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2S2O4}}

[[Sodium ferrocyanide]] – Fearróiciainíd sóidiam – {{chem2|Na4[Fe(CN)6]}}

[[Sodium fluoride]] – Fluairíd sóidiam – NaF

[[Sodium fluorosilicate]] – Fluairísileacáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2[SiF6]}}

[[Sodium formate]] – Formáit sóidiam – HCOONa

[[Sodium hydride]] – Hiodríd sóidiam – NaH

[[Sodium hydrogen carbonate]] – Hiodrigincharbónáit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaHCO3}}

[[Sodium hydrosulfide]] – Hiodrosuilfíd sóidiam – NaSH

[[Sodium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd sóidiam – NaOH

[[Sodium hypobromite]] – Hipeabróimít sóidiam – NaOBr

[[Sodium hypochlorite]] – Hipeaclóirít sóidiam – NaOCl

[[Sodium hypoiodite]] – Hipeaiaidít sóidiam – NaOI

[[Sodium hypophosphite]] – Hipeafosfít sóidiam – {{chem2|NaPO2H2}}

[[Sodium iodate]] – Iaidáit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaIO3}}

[[Sodium iodide]] – Iaidíd sóidiam – NaI

[[Sodium manganate]] – Mangaináit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2MnO4}}

[[Sodium molybdate]] – Molabdáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2MoO4}}

[[Sodium monofluorophosphate]] – Mónafluairífosfáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2PFO3}}

[[Sodium nitrate]] – Níotráit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaNO3}}

[[Sodium nitrite]] – Níotrít sóidiam – {{chem2|NaNO2}}

[[Sodium nitroprusside]] – Níotraiprúisíd sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]*2H2O}}

[[Sodium oxide]] – Ocsaíd sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2O}}

[[Sodium perborate]] – Sárbhóráit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaBO3*H2O}}

[[Sodium perbromate]] – Sárbhrómáit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaBrO4}}

[[Sodium percarbonate]] – Sárcharbónáit sóidiam – {{chem2|2Na2CO3*3H2O2}}

[[Sodium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaClO4}}

[[Sodium periodate]] – Sáriaidáit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaIO4}}

[[Sodium permanganate]] – Sármhangaináit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaMnO4}}

[[Sodium peroxide]] – Sárocsaíd sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2O2}}

[[Sodium peroxycarbonate]] – Sárocsaícharbónáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2CO4}}

[[Sodium perrhenate]] – Sárréanáit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaReO4}}

[[Sodium persulfate]] – Sárshuilfáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2S2O8}}

[[Sodium phosphate]] – Fosfáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na3PO4}}

[[Sodium selenate]] – Seiléanáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2O4Se}}

[[Sodium selenide]] – Seiléiníd sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2Se}}

[[Sodium selenite]] – Seiléinít sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2SeO3}}

[[Sodium silicate]] – Sileacáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2SiO3}}

[[Sodium sulfate]] – Suilfáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2SO4}}

[[Sodium sulfide]] – Suilfíd sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2S}}

[[Sodium sulfite]] – Suilfít sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2SO3}}

[[Sodium tartrate]] – Tartráit sóidiam – {{chem2|C4H4Na2O6}}

[[Sodium tellurite]] – Teallúirít sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2TeO3}}

[[Sodium tetrachloroaluminate]] – Teitreachlóiríalúmanaít sóidiam – {{chem2|NaAlCl4}}

[[Sodium tetrafluoroborate]] – Teitreafluairíbóráit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaBF4}}

[[Sodium thioantimoniate]] – Tia-antamónáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na3(SbS4)*9H2O}}

[[Sodium thiocyanate]] – Tiaicianáit sóidiam – NaSCN

[[Sodium thiosulfate]] – Tiasuilfáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2S2O3}}

[[Sodium tungstate]] – Tungstat sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2WO4}}

[[Sodium uranate]] – Úranáit sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2O7U2}}

[[Sodium zincate]] – Sioncáit sóidiam – {{chem2|H4Na2O4Zn}}

[[Trisodium phosphate]] – Trí-shóidiam fosfáit – {{chem2|Na3PO4}}

=== [[Strontium|Sr]] ([[Strointiam]]) ===
[[Strontium bromide]] – Bróimíd strointiam – {{chem2|SrBr2}}

[[Strontium carbonate]] – Carbónáit strointiam – {{chem2|SrCO3}}

[[Strontium chloride]] – Clóiríd strointiam – {{chem2|SrCl2}}

[[Strontium fluoride]] – Fluairíd strointiam – {{chem2|SrF2}}

[[Strontium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd strointiam – {{chem2|Sr(OH)2}}

[[Strontium iodide]] – Iaidíd strointiam – {{chem2|SrI2}}

[[Strontium nitrate]] – Níotráit strointiam – {{chem2|Sr(NO3)2}}

[[Strontium oxide]] – Ocsaíd strointiam – SrO

[[Strontium titanate]] – Tiotanáit strointiam – {{chem2|SrTiO3}}

[[Strontium bicarbonate]] – Dé-charbónáit strointiam – {{chem2|Sr(HCO3)2}}

[[Strontium boride]] – Bóiríd strointiam – {{chem2|SrB6}}

[[Strontium carbide]] – Cairbíd strointiam – {{chem2|SrC2}}

[[Strontium cyanamide]] – Ciainaimíd strointiam – {{chem2|SrCN2}}

[[Strontium fluorophosphate]] – Fluairífosfáit strointiam – {{chem2|SrPO3F}}

[[Strontium gluconate]] – Glúcónáit strointiam – {{chem2|Sr(HOCH2(CHOH)4CO2)2}}

[[Strontium hydride]] – Hiodríd strointiam – {{chem2|SrH2}}

[[Strontium hydrogen phosphate]] – Hiodriginfosfáit strointiam – {{chem2|SrHPO4}}

[[Strontium hypochlorite]] – Hipeaclóirít strointiam – {{chem2|Sr(OCl)2}}

[[Strontium molybdate]] – Molabdáit strointiam – {{chem2|SrMoO4}}

[[Strontium oxalate]] – Ocsaláit strointiam – {{chem2|SrC2O4}}

[[Strontium peroxide]] – Sárocsaíd strointiam – {{chem2|SrO2}}

[[Strontium phosphate]] – Fosfáit strointiam – {{chem2|Sr3(PO4)2}}

[[Strontium silicate]] – Sileacáit strointiam – {{chem2|SrSiO3}}

[[Strontium sulfate]] – Suilfáit strointiam – {{chem2|SrSO4}}

[[Strontium sulfide]] – Suilfíd strointiam – SrS

[[Strontium tungstate]] – Tungstat strointiam – {{chem2|SrWO4}}

[[Strontium zirconate]] – Siarcónáit strointiam – {{chem2|SrZrO3}}

=== [[Sulfur|S]] ([[Sulfar]]) ===
[[Disulfur decafluoride]] – Deicifluairíd déshulfair – {{chem2|S2F10}}

[[Disulfur dichloride]] – Déchlóiríd déshulfair – {{chem2|S2Cl2}}

[[Hydrogen sulfide]] – Suilfíd hidrigine – {{chem2|H2S}}

[[Pyrosulfuric acid]] – Aigéad pireashulfarach – {{chem2|H2S2O7}}

[[Sulfamic acid]] – Aigéad sulfamach – {{chem2|H3NO3S}}

[[Sulfur dibromide]] – Débhróimíd sulfair – {{chem2|Br2S}}

[[Sulfur dioxide]] – [[Dé-ocsaíd sulfair]] – {{chem2|SO2}}

[[Sulfur hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd sulfair – {{chem2|SF6}}

[[Sulfur tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd sulfair – {{chem2|SF4}}

[[Sulfuric acid]] – Aigéad sulfarach – {{chem2|H2SO4}}

[[Sulfurous acid]] – Aigéad sulfúrach – {{chem2|H2SO3}}

[[Sulfuryl chloride]] – Clóiríd suilfirile – {{chem2|SO2Cl2}}

[[Tetrasulfur tetranitride]] – Teitrea-shuilfíd teitrea-nítríd – {{chem2|S4N4}}

[[Peroxymonosulfuric acid|Persulfuric acid]] (Caro's acid) – Sárshulfarach aigéad (aigéad Caro) – {{chem2|H2SO5}}

== T ==
=== [[Tantalum|Ta]] ([[Tantalam]]) ===
[[Tantalum arsenide]] – Arsainíd tantalaim – TaAs

[[Tantalum carbide]] – Cairbíd tantalaim – TaC

[[Tantalum pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd tantalaim – {{chem2|TaF5}}

[[Tantalum(V) oxide]] – Ocsaíd tantalam(V) – {{chem2|Ta2O5}}

=== [[Technetium|Tc]] ([[Teicnéitiam]]) ===
[[Technetium hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd teicnéitiam – {{chem2|TcF6}}

[[Ammonium pertechnetate]] – Sárteicnéatáit amóiniam – {{chem2|NH4TcO4}}

[[Sodium pertechnetate]] – Sárteicnéatáit sóidiam – {{chem2|NaTcO4}}

=== [[Tellurium|Te]] ([[Teallúiriam]]) ===
[[Ditellurium bromide]] – Bróimíd déteallúiriam – {{chem2|Te2Br}}

[[Telluric acid]] – Aigéad teallúrach – {{chem2|H6TeO6}}

[[Tellurium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd teallúiriam – {{chem2|TeO2}}

[[Tellurium hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd teallúiriam – {{chem2|TeF6}}

[[Tellurium tetrabromide]] – Teitreibhróimíd teallúiriam – {{chem2|TeBr4}}

[[Tellurium tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd teallúiriam – {{chem2|TeCl4}}

[[Tellurium tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd teallúiriam – {{chem2|TeF4}}

[[Tellurium tetraiodide]] – Teitreaiaidíd teallúiriam – {{chem2|TeI4}}

[[Tellurous acid]] – Aigéad teallúirúil – {{chem2|H2TeO3}}

[[Beryllium telluride]] – Teallúiríd beirilliam – BeTe

[[Bismuth telluride]] – Teallúiríd bhiosmait – {{chem2|Bi2Te3}}

[[Cadmium telluride]] – Teallúiríd chaidmiam – CdTe

[[Cadmium zinc telluride]] – Teallúiríd chaidmiam since – {{chem2|(Cd,Zn)Te}}

[[Dimethyltelluride]] – Dé-mheitilteallúiríd – {{chem2|(CH3)2Te}}

[[Mercury Cadmium Telluride]] – Teallúiríd mhearcair chaidmiam – {{chem2|(Hg,Cd)Te}}

[[Lead telluride]] – Teallúiríd luaidhe – PbTe

[[Mercury telluride]] – Teallúiríd mhearcair – HgTe

[[Mercury zinc telluride]] – Teallúiríd mhearcair shince – {{chem2|(Hg,Zn)Te}}

[[Silver telluride]] – Teallúiríd airgid – {{chem2|Ag2Te}}

[[Tin telluride]] – Teallúiríd stáin – SnTe

[[Zinc telluride]] – Teallúiríd since – ZnTe

[[Teflic acid]] – Aigéad teifleach – {{chem2|HOTeF5}}

[[Sodium tellurite]] – Teallúirít sóidiam – {{chem2|Na2TeO3}}

=== [[Terbium|Tb]] ([[Teirbiam]]) ===
[[Terbium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd teirbiam(III) – {{chem2|TbCl3}}

[[Terbium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd teirbiam(III) – {{chem2|TbBr3}}

[[Terbium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit teirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Tb2(CO3)3}}

[[Terbium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd teirbiam(III) – {{chem2|TbF3}}

[[Terbium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd teirbiam(III) – {{chem2|TbI3}}

[[Terbium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit teirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Tb(NO3)3}}

[[Terbium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd teirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Tb2O3}}

[[Terbium(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit teirbiam(III) – {{chem2|TbPO4}}

[[Terbium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit teirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Tb2(SO4)3}}

[[Terbium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd teirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Tb2S3}}

=== [[Thallium|Tl]] ([[Tailliam]]) ===
[[Thallium(I) bromide]] – Bróimíd tailliam(I) – TlBr

[[Thallium(I) carbonate]] – Carbónáit tailliam(I) – {{chem2|Tl2CO3}}

[[Thallium(I) fluoride]] – Fluairíd tailliam(I) – TlF

[[Thallium(I) sulfate]] – Suilfáit tailliam(I) – {{chem2|Tl2SO4}}

[[Thallium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd tailliam(III) – {{chem2|Tl2O3}}

[[Thallium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit tailliam(III) – {{chem2|Tl2(SO4)3}}

[[Thallium triiodide]] – Trí-iaidíd tailliam – {{chem2|TlI3}}

[[Thallium antimonide]] – Antamóníd tailliam – TlSb

[[Thallium arsenide]] – Arsainíd tailliam – TlAs

[[Thallium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd tailliam(III) – {{chem2|TlBr3}}

[[Thallium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd tailliam(III) – {{chem2|TlCl3}}

[[Thallium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd tailliam(III) – {{chem2|TlF3}}

[[Thallium(I) iodide]] – Iaidíd tailliam(I) – TlI

[[Thallium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit tailliam(III) – {{chem2|Tl(NO3)3}}

[[Thallium(I) oxide]] – Ocsaíd tailliam(I) – {{chem2|Tl2O}}

[[Thallium phosphide]] – Fosfíd tailliam – TlP

[[Thallium(III) selenide]] – Seiléiníd tailliam(III) – {{chem2|Tl2Se3}}

[[Thallium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd tailliam(III) – {{chem2|Tl2S3}}

[[TrimethylThallium]] – Trí-mheitiltailliam – {{chem2|Tl(CH3)3}}

[[Thallium(I) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd tailliam(I) – TlOH

=== SO ([[Tiainil]]) ===
[[Thionyl chloride]] – Clóiríd tiainile – {{chem2|SOCl2}}

[[Thionyl tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd tiainile – {{chem2|SOF4}}

=== ClS ([[Tiafosgéin]]) ===
[[Thiophosgene]] – Tiafosgéin – {{chem2|CSCl2}}

[[Thiophosphoryl chloride]] – Clóiríd tiafosfairile – {{chem2|Cl3PS}}

=== [[Thorium|Th]] ([[Tóiriam]]) ===
[[Thorium(IV) nitrate]] – Níotráit tóiriam(IV) – {{chem2|Th(NO3)4}}

[[Thorium(IV) sulfate]] – Suilfáit tóiriam(IV) – {{chem2|Th(SO4)2}}

[[Thorium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd tóiriam – {{chem2|ThO2}}

[[Thorium tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd tóiriam – {{chem2|ThF4}}

=== [[Thulium|Tm]] ([[Tiúiliam]]) ===
[[Thulium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd tiúiliam(III) – {{chem2|TmBr3}}

[[Thulium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd tiúiliam(III) – {{chem2|TmCl3}}

[[Thulium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd tiúiliam(III) – {{chem2|Tm2O3}}

=== [[Tin|Sn]] ([[Stán]]) ===
[[Stannane]] – Stannán – {{chem2|SnH4}}

[[Tin(II) bromide]] – Bróimíd stáin(II) – {{chem2|SnBr2}}

[[Tin(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd stáin(II) – {{chem2|SnCl2}}

[[Tin(II) fluoride]] – Fluairíd stáin(II) – {{chem2|SnF2}}

[[Tin(II) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd stáin(II) – {{chem2|Sn(OH)2}}

[[Tin(II) iodide]] – Iaidíd stáin(II) – {{chem2|SnI2}}

[[Tin(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd stáin(II) – SnO

[[Tin(II) sulfate]] – Suilfáit stáin(II) – {{chem2|SnSO4}}

[[Tin(II) sulfide]] – Suilfíd stáin(II) – SnS

[[Tin(IV) bromide]] – Bróimíd stáin(IV) – {{chem2|SnBr4}}

[[Tin(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd stáin(IV) – {{chem2|SnCl4}}

[[Tin(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd stáin(IV) – {{chem2|SnF4}}

[[Tin(IV) iodide]] – Iaidíd stáin(IV) – {{chem2|SnI4}}

[[Tin(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd stáin(IV) – {{chem2|SnO2}}

[[Tin(IV) sulfide]] – Suilfíd stáin(IV) – {{chem2|SnS2}}

[[Tin(IV) cyanide]] – Ciainíd stáin(IV) – {{chem2|Sn(CN)4}}

[[Tin selenide]] – Seiléiníd stáin – {{chem2|SnSe2}}

[[Tin telluride]] – Teallúiríd stáin – SnTe

=== [[Titanium|Ti]] ([[Tiotáiniam]]) ===
[[Hexafluorotitanic acid]] – Aigéad heicseafluairítiotanach – {{chem2|(H3O)2[TiF6]}}

[[Titanium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd tiotáiniam(II) – {{chem2|TiCl2}}

[[Titanium(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd tiotáiniam(II) – TiO

[[Titanium(II) sulfide]] – Suilfíd tiotáiniam(II) – TiS

[[Titanium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd tiotáiniam(III) – {{chem2|TiBr3}}

[[Titanium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd tiotáiniam(III) – {{chem2|TiCl3}}

[[Titanium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd tiotáiniam(III) – {{chem2|TiF3}}

[[Titanium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd tiotáiniam(III) – {{chem2|TiI3}}

[[Titanium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd tiotáiniam(III) – {{chem2|Ti2O3}}

[[Titanium(III) phosphide]] – Fosfíd tiotáiniam(III) – TiP

[[Titanium(IV) bromide]] – Bróimíd tiotáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|TiBr4}}

[[Titanium(IV) carbide]] – Cairbíd tiotáiniam(IV) – TiC

[[Titanium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd tiotáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|TiCl4}}

[[Titanium(IV) hydride]] – Hiodríd tiotáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|TiH4}}

[[Titanium(IV) iodide]] – Iaidíd tiotáiniam(IV) – {{chem2|TiI4}}

[[Titanium carbide]] – Cairbíd tiotáiniam – TiC

[[Titanium diboride]] – Débhóiríd tiotáiniam – {{chem2|TiB2}}

[[Titanium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd tiotáiniam – {{chem2|TiO2}}

[[Titanium diselenide]] – Déiseiléiníd tiotáiniam – {{chem2|TiSe2}}

[[Titanium disilicide]] – Déisilícíd tiotáiniam – {{chem2|TiSi2}}

[[Titanium disulfide]] – Déisuilfíd tiotáiniam – {{chem2|TiS2}}

[[Titanium nitrate]] – Níotráit tiotáiniam – {{chem2|Ti(NO3)4}}

[[Titanium nitride]] – Nítríd tiotáiniam – TiN

[[Titanium perchlorate]] – Sárchlóráit tiotáiniam – {{chem2|Ti(ClO4)4}}

[[Titanium silicon carbide]] – Cairbíd sileacain tiotáiniam – {{chem2|Ti3SiC2}}

[[Titanium tetrabromide]] – Teitreibhróimíd tiotáiniam – {{chem2|TiBr4}}

[[Titanium tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd tiotáiniam – {{chem2|TiF4}}

[[Titanium tetraiodide]] – Teitreaiaidíd tiotáiniam – {{chem2|TiI4}}

=== TiO ([[Tiotainil]]) ===
[[Titanyl sulfate]] – Suilfáit tiotainile – {{chem2|TiOSO4}}

=== [[Tungsten|W]] (Tungstan]]) ===
[[Tungsten(VI) chloride]] – Clóiríd tungstain(VI) – {{chem2|WCl6}}

[[Tungsten(VI) fluoride]] – Fluairíd tungstain(VI) – {{chem2|WF6}}

[[Tungsten boride]] – Bóiríd tungstain – {{chem2|WB2}}

[[Tungsten carbide]] – Cairbíd tungstain – WC

[[Tungstic acid]] – Aigéad tungstach – {{chem2|H2WO4}}

[[Tungsten hexacarbonyl]] – Heicseacarbóinil tungstain – {{chem2|W(CO)6}}

== U ==
=== [[Uranium|U]] ([[Úráiniam]]) ===
[[Triuranium octaoxide]] – Trí-úráiniam ocht-ocsaíd – {{chem2|U3O8}}

[[Uranium hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd úráiniam – {{chem2|UF6}}

[[Uranium pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd úráiniam – {{chem2|UF5}}

[[Uranium sulfate]] – Suilfáit úráiniam – {{chem2|U(SO4)2}}

[[Uranium tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd úráiniam – {{chem2|UCl4}}

[[Uranium tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd úráiniam – {{chem2|UF4}}

[[Uranium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd úráiniam(III) – {{chem2|UCl3}}

[[Uranium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd úráiniam(IV) – {{chem2|UCl4}}

[[Uranium(V) chloride]] – Clóiríd úráiniam(V) – {{chem2|UCl5}}

[[Uranium hexachloride]] – Heicseaclóiríd úráiniam – {{chem2|UCl6}}

[[Uranium(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd úráiniam(IV) – {{chem2|UF4}}

[[Uranium(VI) fluoride]] – Fluairíd úráiniam(VI) – {{chem2|UF6}}

[[Uranyl peroxide]] – Sárocsaíd úrainile – {{chem2|UO4}}

[[Uranium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd úráiniam – {{chem2|UO2}}

=== UO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ([[Úrainil]]) ===
[[Uranyl carbonate]] – Carbónáit úrainile – {{chem2|UO2CO3}}

[[Uranyl chloride]] – Clóiríd úrainile – {{chem2|UO2Cl2}}

[[Uranyl fluoride]] – Fluairíd úrainile – {{chem2|UO2F2}}

[[Uranyl hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd úrainile – {{chem2|UO2(OH)2}}

[[Uranyl nitrate]] – Níotráit úrainile – {{chem2|UO2(NO3)2}}

[[Uranyl sulfate]] – Suilfáit úrainile – {{chem2|UO2SO4}}

== V ==
=== [[Vanadium|V]] ([[Vanaidiam]]) ===
[[Vanadium(II) chloride]] – Clóiríd vanaidiam(II) – {{chem2|VCl2}}

[[Vanadium(II) oxide]] – Ocsaíd vanaidiam(II) – VO

[[Vanadium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd vanaidiam(III) – {{chem2|VBr3}}

[[Vanadium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd vanaidiam(III) – {{chem2|VCl3}}

[[Vanadium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd vanaidiam(III) – {{chem2|VF3}}

[[Vanadium(III) nitride]] – Nítríd vanaidiam(III) – VN

[[Vanadium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd vanaidiam(III) – {{chem2|V2O3}}

[[Vanadium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd vanaidiam(IV) – {{chem2|VCl4}}

[[Vanadium(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd vanaidiam(IV) – {{chem2|VF4}}

[[Vanadium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd vanaidiam(IV) – {{chem2|VO2}}

[[Vanadium(IV) sulfate]] – Suilfáit vanaidiam(IV) – {{chem2|VOSO4}}

[[Vanadium(V) oxide]] – Ocsaíd vanaidiam(V) – {{chem2|V2O5}}

[[Vanadium carbide]] – Cairbíd vanaidiam – VC

[[Vanadium oxytrichloride]] – Ocsaictríchlóiríd vanaidiam – {{chem2|VOCl3}}

[[Vanadium pentafluoride]] – Peinteafluairíd vanaidiam – {{chem2|VF5}}

[[Vanadium tetrachloride]] – Teitreachlóiríd vanaidiam – {{chem2|VCl4}}

[[Vanadium tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd vanaidiam – {{chem2|VF4}}

== W ==
[[Water (molecule)|Water]] – [[Uisce]] – {{chem2|H2O}}

== X ==
=== [[Xenon|Xe]] ([[Xeanón]]) ===
[[Perxenate#Perxenic acid|Perxenic acid]] – Aigéad sárxeanach – {{chem2|H4XeO6}}

[[Xenon difluoride]] – Défluairíd xeanóin – {{chem2|XeF2}}

[[Xenon hexafluoride]] – Heicseafluairíd xeanóin – {{chem2|XeF6}}

[[Xenon hexafluoroplatinate]] – Heicseafluairíplatanáit xeanóin – {{chem2|Xe[PtF6]}}

[[Xenon tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd xeanóin – {{chem2|XeF4}}

[[Xenon tetroxide]] – Teitrea-ocsaíd xeanóin – {{chem2|XeO4}}

[[Xenic acid]] – Aigéad xeanach – {{chem2|H2XeO4}}

== Y ==
=== [[Ytterbium|Yb]] ([[Iaitirbiam]]) ===
[[Ytterbium(III) chloride]] – Clóiríd iaitirbiam(III) – {{chem2|YbCl3}}

[[Ytterbium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd iaitirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Yb2O3}}

[[Ytterbium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit iaitirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Yb2(SO4)3}}

[[Ytterbium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd iaitirbiam(III) – {{chem2|YbBr3}}

[[Ytterbium(III) carbonate]] – Carbónáit iaitirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Yb2(CO3)3}}

[[Ytterbium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd iaitirbiam(III) – {{chem2|YbF3}}

[[Ytterbium(III) iodide]] – Iaidíd iaitirbiam(III) – {{chem2|YbI3}}

[[Ytterbium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit iaitirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Yb(NO3)3}}

[[Ytterbium(III) phosphate]] – Fosfáit iaitirbiam(III) – {{chem2|YbPO4}}

[[Ytterbium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd iaitirbiam(III) – {{chem2|Yb2S3}}

=== [[Yttrium|Y]] ([[Iitriam]]) ===
[[Yttrium(III) antimonide]] – Antamóníd iitriam(III) – YSb

[[Yttrium(III) arsenate]] – Arsanaít iitriam(III) – {{chem2|YAsO4}}

[[Yttrium(III) arsenide]] – Arsainíd iitriam(III) – YAs

[[Yttrium(III) bromide]] – Bróimíd iitriam(III) – {{chem2|YBr3}}

[[Yttrium(III) fluoride]] – Fluairíd iitriam(III) – {{chem2|YF3}}

[[Yttrium(III) oxide]] – Ocsaíd iitriam(III) – {{chem2|Y2O3}}

[[Yttrium(III) nitrate]] – Níotráit iitriam(III) – {{chem2|Y(NO3)3}}

[[Yttrium(III) sulfide]] – Suilfíd iitriam(III) – {{chem2|Y2S3}}

[[Yttrium(III) sulfate]] – Suilfáit iitriam(III) – {{chem2|Y2(SO4)3}}

[[Yttrium aluminium garnet]] – Garnae iitriam alúmanaim – {{chem2|Y3Al5O12}}

[[Yttrium barium copper oxide]] – Ocsaíd iitriam bairiam copair – {{chem2|YBa2Cu3O7}}

[[Yttrium cadmium]] – Iitriam caidmiam – YCd

[[Yttrium copper]] – Iitriam copar – YCu

[[Yttrium gold]] – Iitriam ór – YAu

[[Yttrium iridium]] – Iitriam iridiam – YIr

[[Yttrium iron garnet]] – Garnae iitriam iarainn – {{chem2|Y3Fe5O12}}

[[Yttrium magnesium]] – Iitriam maignéisiam – YMg

[[Yttrium phosphate]] – Fosfáit iitriam – {{chem2|YPO4}}

[[Yttrium phosphide]] – Fosfíd iitriam – YP

[[Yttrium rhodium]] – Iitriam róidiam – YRh

[[Yttrium silver]] – Iitriam airgid – YAg

[[Yttrium zinc]] – Iitriam sinc – YZn

== Z ==
=== [[Zinc|Zn]] ([[Sinc]]) ===
[[Zinc arsenide]] – Arsainíd since – {{chem2|Zn3As2}}

[[Zinc bromide]] – Bróimíd since – {{chem2|ZnBr2}}

[[Zinc carbonate]] – Carbónáit since – {{chem2|ZnCO3}}

[[Zinc chloride]] – Clóiríd since – {{chem2|ZnCl2}}

[[Zinc cyanide]] – Ciainíd since – {{chem2|Zn(CN)2}}

[[Zinc diphosphide]] – Déifhosfíd since – {{chem2|ZnP2}}

[[Zinc fluoride]] – Fluairíd since – {{chem2|ZnF2}}

[[Zinc iodide]] – Iaidíd since – {{chem2|ZnI2}}

[[Zinc nitrate]] – Níotráit since – {{chem2|Zn(NO3)2}}

[[Zinc oxide]] – Ocsaíd since – ZnO

[[Zinc phosphide]] – Fosfíd since – {{chem2|Zn3P2}}

[[Zinc pyrophosphate]] – Pireafosfáit since – {{chem2|Zn2P2O7}}

[[Zinc selenate]] – Seiléanáit since – {{chem2|ZnSeO4}}

[[Zinc selenide]] – Seiléiníd since – ZnSe

[[Zinc selenite]] – Seiléinít since – {{chem2|ZnSeO3}}

[[Zinc selenocyanate]] –Seilínocianáit since – {{chem2|Zn(SeCN)2}}

[[Zinc sulfate]] – Suilfáit since – {{chem2|ZnSO4}}

[[Zinc sulfide]] – Suilfíd since – ZnS

[[Zinc sulfite]] – Suilfít since – {{chem2|ZnSO3}}

[[Zinc telluride]] – Teallúiríd since – ZnTe

[[Zinc thiocyanate]] – Tiaicianáit since – {{chem2|Zn(SCN)2}}

[[Zinc tungstate]] – Tungstáit since – {{chem2|ZnWO4}}

=== [[Zirconium|Zr]] ([[Siarcóiniam]]) ===
[[Zirconia hydrate]] – Hiodráit siarcóinia – {{chem2|ZrO2*''n''H2O}}

[[Zirconium boride]] – Bóiríd siarcóiniam – {{chem2|ZrB2}}

[[Zirconium carbide]] – Cairbíd siarcóiniam – ZrC

[[Zirconium(IV) chloride]] – Clóiríd siarcóiniam(IV) – {{chem2|ZrCl4}}

[[Zirconium(IV) oxide]] – Ocsaíd sarcóiniam(IV) – {{chem2|ZrO2}}

[[Zirconium hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd siarcóiniam – {{chem2|Zr(OH)4}}

[[Zirconium orthosilicate]] – Ortasileacáit siarcóiniam – {{chem2|ZrSiO4}}

[[Zirconium nitride]] – Nítríd siarcóiniam – ZrN

[[Zirconium tetrafluoride]] – Teitreafluairíd siarcóiniam – {{chem2|ZrF4}}

[[Zirconium tetrahydroxide]] – Teitrea-hiodrocsaíd siarcóiniam – {{chem2|H4O4Zr}}

[[Zirconium tungstate]] –Tungstáit siarcóiniam – {{chem2|ZrW2O8}}

[[Zirconyl bromide]] – Bróimíd siarcóinile – {{chem2|ZrOBr2}}

[[Zirconyl chloride]] – Clóiríd siarcóinile – {{chem2|ZrOCl2}}

[[Zirconyl nitrate]] – Níotráit siarcóinile – {{chem2|ZrO(NO3)2}}

[[Zirconyl sulfate]] – Suilfáit siarcóinile – {{chem2|ZrOSO4}}

[[Zirconium dioxide]] – Dé-ocsaíd siarcóiniam – {{chem2|ZrO2}}

[[Zirconium(IV) sulfide]] – Suilfíd siarcóiniam(IV) – {{chem2|ZrS2}}

[[Zirconium(IV) silicide]] – Silícíd siarcóiniam(IV) – {{chem2|ZrSi2}}

[[Zirconium(IV) silicate]] – Sileacáit siarcóiniam(IV) – {{chem2|ZrSiO4}}

[[Zirconium(IV) fluoride]] – Fluairíd siarcóiniam(IV) – {{chem2|ZrF4}}

[[Zirconium(IV) bromide]] – Bróimíd siarcóiniam(IV) – {{chem2|ZrBr4}}

[[Zirconium(IV) iodide]] – Iaidíd siarcóiniam(IV) – {{chem2|ZrI4}}

[[Zirconium(IV) hydroxide]] – Hiodrocsaíd siarcóiniam(IV) – {{chem2|Zr(OH)4}}

[[Schwartz's reagent]] – Imoibrí Schwartz – {{chem2|C10H11ClZr}}

[[Zirconium propionate]] – Próipianáit siarcóiniam – {{chem2|Zr(CH3CH2COO)4}}

[[Zirconium tungstate]] – Tungstáit siarcóiniam – {{chem2|Zr(WO4)2}}

[[Zirconium(II) hydride]] – Hidríd siorcóiniam(II) – {{chem2|ZrH2}}

[[Lead zirconate titanate]] – Tíotánáit siorcónáite luaidhe – {{chem2|Pb(Zr_{''x''}Ti_{1−''x''}O3)}}</text>
      <sha1>bn49rwp95ic25urqlmiawdi9xek7p4s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Simon Harris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128743</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332083</id>
      <parentid>1331099</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:34:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removed redirect to [[Síomón Ó hEarchaí]]</comment>
      <origin>1332083</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17378" sha1="cs9naxqepsnrt4zdm0sqnol9anq2x34" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is polaiteoir [[Éireannach]] de chuid [[Fine Gael]] agus [[Teachta Dála]] do [[Cill Mhantáin (Dáilcheantar)|Chill Mhantáin]] é '''Simon Harris''' (a rugadh ar an 17 Deireadh Fómhair 1986).&lt;ref name=&quot;rte-iarrthoir&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Simon Harris deimhnithe ina iarrthóir do cheannaireacht FG|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2024/0321/1439118-aimniuchain-do-cheannaireacht-fg-ar-oscailt-anois/|date=2024-03-21|language=ga}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tuairisc-cosan&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/cosan-glan-ag-simon-harris-do-cheannaireacht-fhine-gael/|teideal=Cosán glan ag Simon Harris do cheannaireacht Fhine Gael|dáta=2024-03-21|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé ina [[Tánaiste|Thánaiste]] ó Eanáir 2025 agus ina Aire Airgeadais ó mhí na Samhna 2025. ''Síomón Ó hEarchaí'' an leagan Gaeilge dá ainm a úsáidtear i gcáipéisí oifigiúla an Oireachtais.&lt;ref name=&quot;oireachtas-muinin&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/parliamentaryBusiness/resolutions/dail/2025/2025-10-20_motion-re-confidence-in-the-tanaiste-and-minister-for-foreign-affairs-and-trade_en.pdf|teideal=Tairiscint maidir le muinín as an Tánaiste agus Aire Gnóthaí Eachtracha|údar=[[Dáil Éireann]]|dáta=15 Deireadh Fómhair 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá sé ina cheannaire ar Fhine Gael ó 2024, agus bhí sé ina [[Taoiseach|Thaoiseach]] ó Aibreán 2024 go hEanáir 2025, i gcomharbacht ar [[Leo Varadkar]]. Bhí sé ina Aire Gnóthaí Eachtracha agus Trádála agus ina [[Aire cosanta|Aire Cosanta]] ó Eanáir go Samhain 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0123/1492424-comhaireacht-nua-fogartha-ag-micheal-martin/|teideal=Comhaireacht nua fógartha ag Micheál Martin|údar=Nuacht RTÉ|dáta=23 Eanáir 2025|language=ga-IE}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Simon Harris 2012 (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|220px|Simon Harris in 2012]]
[[Íomhá:Simon Harris, 2017 (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|243x243px|Simon Harris in 2017]]
[[Íomhá:Simon Harris - European Council - June 2024.jpg|clé|mion|182x182px|Ag an gComhairle Eorpach, Meitheamh 2024]]
[[Íomhá:EPP (54486500506)(cropped).jpg|clé|mion|242x242px|Aibreán 2025]]

== Tús a shaoil ==
Tógadh Harris sna [[Na Clocha Liatha|Clocha Liatha]], i g[[Contae Chill Mhantáin]]. Tiománaí tacsaí ba ea a athair, agus cúntóir riachtanas speisialta i scoil ba ea a mháthair. Nuair a bhí sé cúig bliana déag d'aois, chuaigh sé i mbun stocaireachta ar pholaiteoirí ar son seirbhísí do dhaoine a bhfuil [[uathachas]] orthu, mar go bhfuil uathachas ar a dheartháir níos óige.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian-hurry&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/07/simon-harris-ireland-taoiseach|teideal='Always in a hurry': the rapid rise of Simon Harris, Ireland's 'TikTok taoiseach'|údar=Rory Carroll|dáta=2024-04-07|language=en|work=The Guardian|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'fhreastail sé ar an [[Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath]], áit a ndearna sé staidéar ar an iriseoireacht agus ar an bhFraincis, ach d'éirigh sé as a chúrsa in 2008 chun dul ag obair le [[Frances Fitzgerald]], a bhí ina ceannaire ar an bhfreasúra sa [[Seanad Éireann|tSeanad]] ag an am.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/health-family/simon-harris-as-minister-for-health-the-challenge-awaits-1.2646917|teideal=Simon Harris as Minister for Health: the challenge awaits|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2024-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian-hurry&quot; /&gt; Toghadh é ar [[Comhairle Contae Chill Mhantáin|Chomhairle Contae Chill Mhantáin]] sna toghcháin áitiúla in 2009, le 32% de na vótaí céad rogha i dtoghlimistéar na gClocha Liatha.&lt;ref name=&quot;elecs-irl&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=9483|teideal=Simon Harris|language=en|work=ElectionsIreland.org|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gairm ==
=== Teachta Dála ===
Toghadh Harris chun na Dála don chéad uair in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2011|olltoghchán 2011]], le 12% de na vótaí céad rogha; ba é an Teachta Dála ab óige sa 31ú Dáil é, agus é 24 bliain d'aois.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/simon-24-continues-proud-fg-tradition-of-young-turks/26709065.html|teideal=Simon (24) continues proud FG tradition of Young Turks|dáta=2011-02-28|language=en|work=Irish Independent|dátarochtana=2024-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=2011&amp;cons=235|teideal=ElectionsIreland.org: 31st Dáil - Wicklow First Preference Votes|work=electionsireland.org|dátarochtana=2024-03-21|archivedate=2024-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321214109/https://electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=2011&amp;cons=235}}&lt;/ref&gt; Atoghadh é in [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2016|olltoghchán 2016]] le 16% de na vótaí céad rogha. In [[Olltoghchán na hÉireann, 2024|olltoghchán 2024]], fuair sé 30% de na vótaí céad rogha, agus toghadh é ar an gcéad chomhaireamh.&lt;ref name=&quot;elecs-irl&quot; /&gt;

=== Aire Stáit, 2014–2016 ===
Ar an 15 Iúil 2014, ceapadh Harris ina Aire Stáit ag an [[An Roinn Airgeadais|Roinn Airgeadais]], agus [[Oifig na nOibreacha Poiblí]] faoina chúram.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0715/630800-ministers-of-state-appointment/|teideal=Simon Harris among new Ministers of State|dáta=2014-07-15|language=en|work=RTÉ News|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Aire Sláinte, 2016–2020 ===
Ar an 6 Bealtaine 2016, ceapadh Harris ina Aire Sláinte.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/0506/786692-cabinet-announcements/|teideal=Frances Fitzgerald is Tánaiste in new Cabinet|dáta=2016-05-06|language=en|work=RTÉ News|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba é a bhí freagrach as an reifreann in 2018 inar aisghaireadh [[An tOchtú Leasú ar Bhunreacht na hÉireann|an tOchtú Leasú ar an mBunreacht]], agus as an Acht Sláinte (Foirceannadh Toirchis a Rialáil), 2018, a cheadaigh ginmhilleadh faoi choinníollacha áirithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/ga/bills/bill/2018/29/|teideal=An tAcht um an Séú Leasú is Tríocha ar an mBunreacht, 2018|údar=Tithe an Oireachtais|language=ga|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/ga/bills/bill/2018/105/|teideal=An tAcht Sláinte (Foirceannadh Toirchis a Rialáil), 2018|údar=Tithe an Oireachtais|language=ga|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Aire Breisoideachais agus Ardoideachais, 2020–2024 ===
Ar an 15 Lúnasa 2023, sheol Harris, a bhí ina Aire Breisoideachais agus Ardoideachais, Taighde, Nuálaíochta agus Eolaíochta ó 2020, Plean Printíseachta na Seirbhíse Poiblí, 2022–2025. Leagadh amach sa phlean conas a mhéadófaí líon na gclárúchán printíseachta sa tseirbhís phoiblí agus sna húdaráis áitiúla faoi dhó, go dtí 750, roimh 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.publicjobs.ie/ga/mol-eolais/nuacht-agus-eachtrai-is-deanai/891-meafodar-lion-na-bprintiseachtai-faoi-dho-go-dti-750-roimh-2025-faoi-phlean-printiseachta-na-seirbhise-poibli|teideal=Meafódar líon na bprintíseachtaí faoi dhó go dtí 750 roimh 2025 faoi Phlean Printíseachta na Seirbhíse Poiblí|údar=publicjobs.ie|dáta=2023|dátarochtana=2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Léirigh sé tacaíocht freisin d'ollscoil i n[[Doire]], togra a bhfuil dúil mhór ann taobh thiar den [[An Bhanna|Bhanna]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/beidh-ga-le-fuinneamh-on-taoiseach-nua-ar-an-da-thaobh-den-teorainn/|teideal=Beidh gá le fuinneamh ón Taoiseach nua, ar an dá thaobh den teorainn|údar=Póilín Ní Chiaráin|dáta=24 Márta 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Aire Dlí agus Cirt, 2022–2023 ===
Ó mhí na Nollag 2022 go mí an Mheithimh 2023, bhí Harris ina Aire Dlí agus Cirt freisin ar bhonn sealadach, fad a bhí a chomhghleacaí [[Helen McEntee]] ar saoire mháithreachais.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/politics/2022/1217/1342500-cabinet-reshuffle-govt/|teideal=Reshuffle: Who is in the new Cabinet?|údar=Micheál Lehane|dáta=2022-12-17|language=en|work=RTÉ News|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Taoiseach, 2024–2025 ===
Nuair a d'éirigh Leo Varadkar as ceannaireacht Fhine Gael i mí an Mhárta 2024, ba é Harris an t-aon iarrthóir a ainmníodh don cheannaireacht, agus rinneadh ceannaire de ar an 24 Márta.&lt;ref name=&quot;rte-iarrthoir&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tuairisc-cosan&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2024/03/24/simon-harris-fine-gael-leader-contest/|teideal=Simon Harris pledges to win back trust of voters who no longer support Fine Gael as new leader|dáta=2024-03-24|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ar an 9 Aibreán 2024, ainmníodh ina Thaoiseach é, agus é 37 bliain d'aois; ba é an Taoiseach ab óige riamh é.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2024/0409/1442484-ireland-politics/|teideal=As it happened: Simon Harris elected Taoiseach|dáta=2024-04-09|language=en|work=RTÉ News|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ar an 8 Samhain 2024, d'fhógair sé go mbeadh olltoghchán ann ar an 29 Samhain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/election-24/2024/1108/1479764-ireland-politics/|teideal=Parties hit the campaign trail as General Election 2024 begins|údar=Fiachra Ó Cionnaith|dáta=2024-11-08|language=en|work=RTÉ News|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'fhan sé ina Thaoiseach go dtí gur ceapadh rialtas nua faoi cheannas [[Mícheál Ó Máirtín|Mhíchíl Uí Mháirtín]] ar an 23 Eanáir 2025.

=== Tánaiste agus Aire Gnóthaí Eachtracha, 2025 ===
Ar an 23 Eanáir 2025, ceapadh Harris ina Thánaiste, ina Aire Gnóthaí Eachtracha agus Trádála agus ina Aire Cosanta i [[Rialtas an 34ú Dáil]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Ar an 15 Deireadh Fómhair 2025, rith Dáil Éireann rún go raibh muinín aici as an Tánaiste.&lt;ref name=&quot;oireachtas-muinin&quot; /&gt;

=== Aire Airgeadais, 2025– ===
Ar an 18 Samhain 2025, ceapadh Harris ina Aire Airgeadais tar éis do [[Paschal Donohoe]] éirí as, agus tháinig [[Helen McEntee]] ina áit mar Aire Gnóthaí Eachtracha agus Aire Cosanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Harris ceaptha ina Aire Airgeadais in áit Donohoe|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/1118/1544617-simon-harris-ceaptha-ina-aire-airgeadais-in-ait-paschal-dononhoe/|date=2025-11-18|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gaeilge ==
Dúirt Harris sa bhliain 2022 go raibh sé ag iarraidh níos mó [[An Ghaeilge|Gaeilge]] a labhairt agus go raibh sé i gceist aige tabhairt faoi ranganna Gaeilge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-taire-ardoideachais-le-tabhairt-faoi-ranganna-chun-a-chuid-gaeilge-a-fheabhsu/|teideal=An tAire Ardoideachais le tabhairt faoi ranganna chun a chuid Gaeilge a fheabhsú|dáta=2022-04-06|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mar Aire Breisoideachais agus Ardoideachais, ba mhinic a cáineadh é faoina mheon féin agus faoi mheon a Roinne i leith na Gaeilge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://extrag.ie/2024/03/20/nuacht/an-taoiseach-tar-eis-leo/|teideal=Tar éis Leo, cé a bheidh mar chéad Taoiseach eile againn?|údar=ExtraG|dáta=2024-03-20|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2024-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; San acht a bhí i bhfeidhm ó 1971, bhí tagairt láidir do chosaint na Gaeilge, ach nuair a foilsíodh ceannteidil an bhille nua in 2021, ní raibh tagairt ar bith don Ghaeilge iontu. Mhol Harris go mbainfí an tagairt sin amach agus go gcuirfí tagairt ghinearálta do &quot;chúrsaí cultúrtha&quot; ina háit, agus cáineadh go láidir é dá bharr.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ionsai-naimhdeach-ar-an-teanga-caineadh-deanta-ar-mholadh-an-aire-ardoideachais-tagairt-don-ghaeilge-a-bhaint-i-mbille-nua/|teideal=‘An é atá á rá ag an Aire Harris nach bhfuil fás na Gaeilge ina aidhm náisiúnta a thuilleadh?’|dáta=2021-07-14|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'athraigh sé a sheasamh ina dhiaidh sin: i ''mBille an Údaráis um Ard-Oideachas, 2022'', a foilsíodh go luath in 2022, luadh go mbeadh sé mar chuspóir ag an Údarás tacú leis na hinstitiúidí tríú leibhéal a bhí faoina chúram an Ghaeilge a úsáid agus a chur chun cinn.&lt;ref name=&quot;tuairisc-athru&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/athru-poirt-ag-harris-agus-tagairt-don-ghaeilge-curtha-i-mbille-oideachais-nua/|teideal=Athrú poirt ag Harris agus tagairt don Ghaeilge curtha i mbille oideachais nua|dáta=2022-01-11|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dúirt Harris ag an am go raibh &quot;réimse leathan&quot; cúrsaí ar fáil i nGaeilge, agus dóthain acu chun freastal ar aon éileamh breise ar Ghaeilgeoirí a bheadh ann amach anseo de thoradh an Bhille Teanga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/teachtai-dala-ag-iarraidh-go-dtabharfai-cosaint-nios-mo-don-ghaeilge-i-reachtaiocht-nua-oideachais/|teideal=Teachtaí Dála ag iarraidh go dtabharfaí cosaint níos mó don Ghaeilge i reachtaíocht nua oideachais|dáta=2022-02-01|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tuairisc-athru&quot; /&gt;

== Saol pearsanta ==
Phós Harris Caoimhe Wade in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2017/0721/892048-simon-harris/|teideal=Minister for Health Simon Harris marries cardiac nurse|dáta=2017-07-22|language=en|work=RTÉ News|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá triúr clainne acu; rugadh an tríú duine acu, iníon, i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2026/10/03/tanaiste-simon-harris-welcomes-baby-girl-one-week-before-budget/|teideal=Tánaiste Simon Harris and wife Caoimhe welcome baby girl|dáta=2026-10-03|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá [[Galar Crohn|galar Crohn]] ar Harris.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/health/crohns-sufferer-simon-harris-hails-camera-that-can-be-swallowed-35063049.html|teideal=Crohn's sufferer Simon Harris hails camera that can be swallowed|údar=Eilish O'Regan|dáta=2016-09-20|language=en|work=Irish Independent|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bagairtí ===
I mí Lúnasa 2025, chuir na Gardaí tús le fiosrúchán coiriúil faoi bhagairt ar Harris agus ar a chlann a foilsíodh ar na meáin shóisialta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Fiosrúchán coiriúil faoi bhagairt ar an Tánaiste agus a chlann|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0901/1531163-fiosruchan-coiriuil-faoi-bhagairt-ar-an-tanaiste-agus-a-chlann/|date=2025-09-01|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ar an 20 Samhain 2025, tugadh bean 40 bliain d'aois os comhair Chúirt Dúiche Bhaile Átha Cliath agus í cúisithe i dteachtaireacht bhagrach a sheoladh chuig Harris ar an 30 Lúnasa 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Bean cúisithe i mbagairt a dhéanamh ar Simon Harris|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/1120/1544939-bean-cuisithe-i-mbagairt-a-dheanamh-ar-simon-harris/|date=2025-11-20|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Lúnasa 2024, rinne Patrick Grealish, fear as [[Leitir Mealláin]] i gContae na Gaillimhe, bagairt ar líne go maródh sé Harris nó go ndéanfadh sé díobháil mhór dó féin agus dá chlann. Phléadáil Grealish ciontach i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 2025. Ciontaíodh é as 70 cion roimhe sin: bhain 24 díobh le cionta bóthair agus 46 le cionta gadaíochta. I ráiteas don chúirt, dúirt Harris gur mhian leis go dtuigfeadh Grealish go bhfágann bagairtí drochbhail ar dhaoine, go ngortaíonn siad iad agus go gcothaíonn siad imní uafásach iontu. Ar an 17 Feabhra 2026, i gCúirt Dúiche Dhoire an Fhéich, gearradh téarma ocht mí príosúin ar Grealish, agus cuireadh an dara leath de ar fionraí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=4 mhí príosúin d'fhear a bhagair an Tánaiste Simon Harris a mharú|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0217/1558950-4-mhi-priosuin-dfhear-a-bhagair-an-tanaiste-simon-harris-a-mharu/|date=2026-02-17|language=ga|author=Sorcha Ní Mhonacháin / Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Enda Kenny]]
* [[Mícheál Ó Máirtín]]
* [[Leo Varadkar]]
* [[Cill Mhantáin (Dáilcheantar)]]
* [[:Catagóir:Cill Mhantáin (Dáilcheantar)|Polaiteoirí i gCill Mhantáin]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Teachtaí Dála an 31ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 32ú Dáil}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Harris, Simon}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1986]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 31ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 32ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 33ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill Fhine Gael]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Cill Mhantáin (Dáilcheantar)]]
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Contae Chill Mhantáin]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 34ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Taoisigh na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Tánaistí na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Ceannairí Fhine Gael]]
[[Catagóir:Comhairleoirí Áitiúla i gContae Chill Mhantáin]]
[[Catagóir:Airí Sláinte na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Airí Airgeadais na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Airí Gnóthaí Eachtracha na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Airí Cosanta na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Airí Dlí agus Cirt na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a bhfuil galar Crohn orthu]]</text>
      <sha1>cs9naxqepsnrt4zdm0sqnol9anq2x34</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Teaghlach Hourigan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128772</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332075</id>
      <parentid>1331534</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:30:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Is aistriúchán meaisín é,  agus ní alt maith é. Tá an chuid is mó den ábhar róchosúil le hábhar ginealais féinfhoilsithe.  Tá lorg an Bhéarla ar an nGaeilge.   Tá na fadhbanna is tromchúisí san alt Béarla féin, agus aistríodh iad gan athrú.</comment>
      <origin>1332075</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Teaghlach Hourigan</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>128773</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332082</id>
      <parentid>1331536</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:41:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Raiméis   Tá lorg an Bhéarla ar an nGaeilge.</comment>
      <origin>1332082</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>An Spáinn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128804</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331946</id>
      <parentid>1331932</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:06:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ Síol cruthaithe.</comment>
      <origin>1331946</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="912" sha1="hh3l28a1soof7egolid5wptvp9djkep" xml:space="preserve">Is tír i [[Deisceart na hEorpa|nDeisceart]] agus [[Iarthar na hEorpa]] í '''an Spáinn''',&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn /&gt; go hoifigiúil the '''Ríocht na Spáinne''',&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht /&gt;&lt;ref name=Ley2014 /&gt; le críocha aici san [[an Afraic Theas|Afraic Theas]].&lt;ref group=n name=tras /&gt;

== Nótaí ==
{{reflist | group=n | refs =

&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn&gt;{{lang-es|es|España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht&gt;{{lang-es|Reino de España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=tras&gt;Féach [[Liosta de thíortha tras-ilchríochach]]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=Ley2014&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2014-12326 | teideal = Ley 25/2014, de 27 de noviembre, de Tratados y otros Acuerdos Internacionales | foilsitheoir = Rialtas na Spáinne | dáta = 27 Samhain 2014 | dátarochtana = 12 Lúnasa 2025 | teanga = es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}


{{síol}}</text>
      <sha1>hh3l28a1soof7egolid5wptvp9djkep</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331947</id>
      <parentid>1331946</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:08:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nótaí */ Catagóir</comment>
      <origin>1331947</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="960" sha1="m89mmud0fiy0kg51ac2i9x9p6q994qu" xml:space="preserve">Is tír i [[Deisceart na hEorpa|nDeisceart]] agus [[Iarthar na hEorpa]] í '''an Spáinn''',&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn /&gt; go hoifigiúil the '''Ríocht na Spáinne''',&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht /&gt;&lt;ref name=Ley2014 /&gt; le críocha aici san [[an Afraic Theas|Afraic Theas]].&lt;ref group=n name=tras /&gt;

== Nótaí ==
{{reflist | group=n | refs =

&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn&gt;{{lang-es|es|España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht&gt;{{lang-es|Reino de España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=tras&gt;Féach [[Liosta de thíortha tras-ilchríochach]]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=Ley2014&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2014-12326 | teideal = Ley 25/2014, de 27 de noviembre, de Tratados y otros Acuerdos Internacionales | foilsitheoir = Rialtas na Spáinne | dáta = 27 Samhain 2014 | dátarochtana = 12 Lúnasa 2025 | teanga = es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontais Eorpaigh]]</text>
      <sha1>m89mmud0fiy0kg51ac2i9x9p6q994qu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331948</id>
      <parentid>1331947</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:09:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tagairtí */</comment>
      <origin>1331948</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="958" sha1="fe7wglo3sbyx6t827xdoyiidad2unst" xml:space="preserve">Is tír i [[Deisceart na hEorpa|nDeisceart]] agus [[Iarthar na hEorpa]] í '''an Spáinn''',&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn /&gt; go hoifigiúil the '''Ríocht na Spáinne''',&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht /&gt;&lt;ref name=Ley2014 /&gt; le críocha aici san [[an Afraic Theas|Afraic Theas]].&lt;ref group=n name=tras /&gt;

== Nótaí ==
{{reflist | group=n | refs =

&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn&gt;{{lang-es|es|España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht&gt;{{lang-es|Reino de España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=tras&gt;Féach [[Liosta de thíortha tras-ilchríochach]]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=Ley2014&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2014-12326 | teideal = Ley 25/2014, de 27 de noviembre, de Tratados y otros Acuerdos Internacionales | foilsitheoir = Rialtas na Spáinne | dáta = 27 Samhain 2014 | dátarochtana = 12 Lúnasa 2025 | teanga = es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]</text>
      <sha1>fe7wglo3sbyx6t827xdoyiidad2unst</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331949</id>
      <parentid>1331948</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:10:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tagairtí */ DEFAULTSORT</comment>
      <origin>1331949</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="987" sha1="5iffxcb6fd9j5ztnhmupile53mft5sk" xml:space="preserve">Is tír i [[Deisceart na hEorpa|nDeisceart]] agus [[Iarthar na hEorpa]] í '''an Spáinn''',&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn /&gt; go hoifigiúil the '''Ríocht na Spáinne''',&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht /&gt;&lt;ref name=Ley2014 /&gt; le críocha aici san [[an Afraic Theas|Afraic Theas]].&lt;ref group=n name=tras /&gt;

== Nótaí ==
{{reflist | group=n | refs =

&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn&gt;{{lang-es|es|España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht&gt;{{lang-es|Reino de España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=tras&gt;Féach [[Liosta de thíortha tras-ilchríochach]]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=Ley2014&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2014-12326 | teideal = Ley 25/2014, de 27 de noviembre, de Tratados y otros Acuerdos Internacionales | foilsitheoir = Rialtas na Spáinne | dáta = 27 Samhain 2014 | dátarochtana = 12 Lúnasa 2025 | teanga = es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spáinn, An}}

[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]</text>
      <sha1>5iffxcb6fd9j5ztnhmupile53mft5sk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331950</id>
      <parentid>1331949</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:11:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1331950</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1014" sha1="iut67451ds76m74h4h69lfz0cby52zp" xml:space="preserve">Is tír i [[Deisceart na hEorpa|nDeisceart]] agus [[Iarthar na hEorpa]] í '''an Spáinn''',&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn /&gt; go hoifigiúil the '''Ríocht na Spáinne''',&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht /&gt;&lt;ref name=Ley2014 /&gt; le críocha aici san [[an Afraic Theas|Afraic Theas]].&lt;ref group=n name=tras /&gt;

== Nótaí ==
{{reflist | group=n | refs =

&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn&gt;{{lang-es|es|España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht&gt;{{lang-es|Reino de España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=tras&gt;Féach [[Liosta de thíortha tras-ilchríochach]]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=Ley2014&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2014-12326 | teideal = Ley 25/2014, de 27 de noviembre, de Tratados y otros Acuerdos Internacionales | foilsitheoir = Rialtas na Spáinne | dáta = 27 Samhain 2014 | dátarochtana = 12 Lúnasa 2025 | teanga = es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spáinn, An}}

[[Catagóir:An Spáinn| ]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]</text>
      <sha1>iut67451ds76m74h4h69lfz0cby52zp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331961</id>
      <parentid>1331950</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:29:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ +WD</comment>
      <origin>1331961</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1056" sha1="ga74ayhuzek75l39ryebe127igspr7a" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}

Is tír i [[Deisceart na hEorpa|nDeisceart]] agus [[Iarthar na hEorpa]] í '''an Spáinn''',&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn /&gt; go hoifigiúil the '''Ríocht na Spáinne''',&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht /&gt;&lt;ref name=Ley2014 /&gt; le críocha aici san [[an Afraic Theas|Afraic Theas]].&lt;ref group=n name=tras /&gt;

== Nótaí ==
{{reflist | group=n | refs =

&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn&gt;{{lang-es|es|España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht&gt;{{lang-es|Reino de España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=tras&gt;Féach [[Liosta de thíortha tras-ilchríochach]]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=Ley2014&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2014-12326 | teideal = Ley 25/2014, de 27 de noviembre, de Tratados y otros Acuerdos Internacionales | foilsitheoir = Rialtas na Spáinne | dáta = 27 Samhain 2014 | dátarochtana = 12 Lúnasa 2025 | teanga = es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spáinn, An}}

[[Catagóir:An Spáinn| ]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]</text>
      <sha1>ga74ayhuzek75l39ryebe127igspr7a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331962</id>
      <parentid>1331961</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:31:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tagairtí */ síol-tír</comment>
      <origin>1331962</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1061" sha1="pmwxj8e125hprgvor0x9furdtywtpnr" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}

Is tír i [[Deisceart na hEorpa|nDeisceart]] agus [[Iarthar na hEorpa]] í '''an Spáinn''',&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn /&gt; go hoifigiúil the '''Ríocht na Spáinne''',&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht /&gt;&lt;ref name=Ley2014 /&gt; le críocha aici san [[an Afraic Theas|Afraic Theas]].&lt;ref group=n name=tras /&gt;

== Nótaí ==
{{reflist | group=n | refs =

&lt;ref group=n name=spáinn&gt;{{lang-es|es|España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=ríocht&gt;{{lang-es|Reino de España|links=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref group=n name=tras&gt;Féach [[Liosta de thíortha tras-ilchríochach]]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=Ley2014&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2014-12326 | teideal = Ley 25/2014, de 27 de noviembre, de Tratados y otros Acuerdos Internacionales | foilsitheoir = Rialtas na Spáinne | dáta = 27 Samhain 2014 | dátarochtana = 12 Lúnasa 2025 | teanga = es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}


{{síol-tír}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spáinn, An}}

[[Catagóir:An Spáinn| ]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit den Aontas Eorpach]]</text>
      <sha1>pmwxj8e125hprgvor0x9furdtywtpnr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Teoiric Sportwave</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128805</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331940</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:00:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Prof MarkWalt</username>
        <id>78579</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Leathanach cruthaithe le ' '''Teoiric Sportwave''' (''Sportwave Theory'') is creat straitéiseach agus eacnamaíochta iompraíochta í a d'fhorbair an feidhmeannach gnó agus gairmí gnó spóirt Iodálach '''Paolo Biotti''' in 2018. Baineann an creat leis an idirghníomhaíocht idir aird an mhargaidh, luach braite, cumarsáid, caidrimh le páirtithe leasmhara, nochtadh sna meáin agus luacháil straitéiseach sócmhainní corparáideacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Breaking News...'</comment>
      <origin>1331940</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10424" sha1="oxfkvyozbcr1nf7qdwm0a7x73udy64u" xml:space="preserve">
'''Teoiric Sportwave''' (''Sportwave Theory'') is creat straitéiseach agus eacnamaíochta iompraíochta í a d'fhorbair an feidhmeannach gnó agus gairmí gnó spóirt Iodálach '''Paolo Biotti''' in 2018. Baineann an creat leis an idirghníomhaíocht idir aird an mhargaidh, luach braite, cumarsáid, caidrimh le páirtithe leasmhara, nochtadh sna meáin agus luacháil straitéiseach sócmhainní corparáideacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Breaking News: Paolo Biotti, il nuovo Chairman di OKTAGON |url=https://www.oktagon.it/breaking-news-paolo-biotti-il-nuovo-chairman-di-oktagon/ |website=OKTAGON |access-date=6 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scrúdaíonn an teoiric an chaoi ar féidir le comhtháthú na bhfachtóirí seo tionchar a imirt ar chinntí eacnamaíocha, iompar ceannaigh tomhaltóirí, éadálacha corparáideacha, cinntí infheistíochta, luacháil scaireanna, anailís ar ráitis airgeadais agus aithint sócmhainní inláimhsithe agus doláimhsithe nach bhfuil a luach iomlán aitheanta.

Forbraíodh Teoiric Sportwave ar dtús i dtionscal an ghnó spóirt, ach tá sé beartaithe í a chur i bhfeidhm ar fud earnálacha eacnamaíocha agus tráchtála éagsúla, lena n-áirítear airgeadas, teicneolaíocht, déantúsaíocht, na meáin, siamsaíocht, árachas, eastát réadach, cumaisc agus éadálacha (M&amp;A), agus cuideachtaí atá liostaithe ar stocmhalartáin.

Is é bunphrionsabal an chreata ná cuideachta a mheas mar éiceachóras eacnamaíoch dinimiciúil ina mbíonn aird, caidrimh, cumarsáid, na meáin, acmhainní airgeadais agus deiseanna tráchtála ag idirghníomhú lena chéile.

Murab ionann agus cur chuige traidisiúnta a dhéileálann go minic le margaíocht, cumarsáid, forbairt ghnó, bainistíocht agus airgeadas mar fheidhmeanna ar leithligh, molann Sportwave peirspictíocht straitéiseach chomhtháite ina gcuireann na comhpháirteanna seo le próiseas níos leithne cruthaithe luacha chorparáidigh.

Gné shainiúil den chreat is ea a bhunús i ngnó spóirt agus a leathnú coincheapúil ina dhiaidh sin chuig an ngeilleagar i gcoitinne. Is é an spórt an timpeallacht bhunaidh inar forbraíodh an tsamhail, seachas teorainn ar a feidhmeanna féideartha.

== Stair ==

D'fhorbair Paolo Biotti Teoiric Sportwave agus thug sé an t-ainm sin uirthi go poiblí san Iodáil in 2018. De réir OKTAGON, chuir Biotti an creat i láthair ag ócáid oiliúna gairmiúla dhlíodóirí a reáchtáladh ag ceanncheathrú Rialtas Réigiúnach na Lombairde, i gcomhthéacs Chumann Barra Dhlíodóirí Milano.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

Áiríodh i gcúlra gairmiúil Biotti gnó spóirt, margaíocht idirnáisiúnta, bainistíocht straitéiseach imeachtaí agus cumaisc agus éadálacha. Áiríodh ar a chuid gníomhaíochtaí freisin poist bhainistíochta agus chomhairleacha sna hearnálacha árachais, teicneolaíochta faisnéise, fuinnimh in-athnuaite agus airgeadais chorparáidigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

D'eascair an creat as breathnú ar na deiseanna eacnamaíocha a thagann chun cinn nuair a chomhtháthaítear imeachtaí spóirt, cumarsáid idirnáisiúnta, dáileadh teilifíse, urraíocht, caidrimh tráchtála agus bainistíocht sócmhainní.

De réir an chuntais a d'fhoilsigh OKTAGON, tharraing an creat suim i gciorcail acadúla idirnáisiúnta ina dhiaidh sin, rud a d'fhág gur ullmhaíodh tráchtais ollscoile a rinne scrúdú ar a choincheapa, lena n-áirítear in ollscoileanna sna Stáit Aontaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

Cuireadh an cur chuige bunaidh, a forbraíodh trí ghnó spóirt, i láthair ina dhiaidh sin mar shamhail straitéiseach a d'fhéadfaí a aistriú chuig eagraíochtaí atá ag feidhmiú in earnálacha eacnamaíocha éagsúla.

== Bunús teoiriciúil ==

Baineann Teoiric Sportwave úsáid as coincheapa a bhaineann le heacnamaíocht iompraíochta, eacnamaíocht na haire, margaíocht straitéiseach, margaíocht phobail, bainistíocht páirtithe leasmhara agus airgeadas corparáideach.

Is féidir a struchtúr coincheapúil a eagrú timpeall ar cheithre phríomhghné.

=== Eacnamaíocht na haire ===

Baineann an chéad ghné le haird an mhargaidh a ghiniúint agus a bhainistiú.

Meastar gur acmhainn atá ábhartha ó thaobh na heacnamaíochta de í an aird, toisc gur féidir léi tionchar a imirt ar aitheantas branda, ar dhearcadh tomhaltóirí, ar chinntí ceannaigh agus ar chaidrimh le páirtithe leasmhara. Tá an pheirspictíocht seo ag teacht le tuairimí Herbert A. Simon maidir le ganntanas aird an duine i dtimpeallachtaí ina bhfuil flúirse faisnéise.&lt;ref name=&quot;Simon&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Simon |first=Herbert A. |chapter=Designing Organizations for an Information-Rich World |title=Computers, Communications, and the Public Interest |editor-last=Greenberger |editor-first=Martin |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |year=1971 |pages=37–72}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Measann Sportwave nach toradh feachtais fógraíochta aonair nó imeachta amháin í an aird amháin, ach gur próiseas leanúnach í a fhorbraítear trí bhealaí cumarsáide éagsúla agus trí dheiseanna idirghníomhaíochta.

Is féidir leis an bpróiseas seo comhiomlánú, rannpháirtíocht, bunú pobail agus comhroinnt mothúchán comhchoiteann a chruthú.

=== Comhtháthú páirtithe leasmhara ===

Baineann an dara gné le comhtháthú páirtithe leasmhara laistigh d'éiceachóras eacnamaíoch.

Meastar gur rannpháirtithe idirnasctha iad custaiméirí, infheisteoirí, fostaithe, soláthraithe, dáileoirí, eagraíochtaí meán agus comhpháirtithe straitéiseacha, ar féidir lena gcaidrimh cur le forbairt eagraíochtúil thar thuairisceáin airgeadais láithreacha.

Tá naisc choincheapúla ag an gcur chuige seo le teoiric na bpáirtithe leasmhara, go háirithe an creat a d'fhorbair R. Edward Freeman, a dhéanann breithniú ar eagraíochtaí gnó i ndáil le leasanna agus caidrimh grúpaí éagsúla páirtithe leasmhara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freeman&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Freeman |first=R. Edward |title=Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach |publisher=Pitman |location=Boston |year=1984}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa spórt, áirítear ar an ngné seo foirne, lúthchleasaithe, cónaidhmeanna, tionscnóirí, urraitheoirí, craoltóirí agus lucht féachana.

=== Comhtháthú agus luacháil sócmhainní ===

Baineann an tríú gné le hacmhainní inláimhsithe agus doláimhsithe a chomhcheangal.

Áirítear orthu sin brandaí, maoin intleachtúil, bonneagar, líonraí dáileacháin, ardáin dhigiteacha, caidrimh tráchtála, cumais eagraíochtúla agus acmhainní eile a d'fhéadfadh cur le buntáiste iomaíoch.

Breithníonn an creat na deiseanna eacnamaíocha a eascraíonn as idirghníomhaíochtaí idir na hacmhainní seo, seachas an anailís a theorannú do luacháil neamhspleách sócmhainní aonair.

Tá cosúlachtaí coincheapúla ag an bpeirspictíocht seo leis an gcur chuige atá bunaithe ar acmhainní maidir leis an ngnólacht, a scrúdaíonn an chaoi ar féidir le hacmhainní corparáideacha luachmhara agus sainiúla cur le buntáiste iomaíoch inbhuanaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barney&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Barney |first=Jay |title=Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage |journal=Journal of Management |volume=17 |issue=1 |year=1991 |pages=99–120 |doi=10.1177/014920639101700108}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Comhtháthú straitéiseach agus airgeadais ===

Baineann an ceathrú gné le cóineasú na margaíochta, na forbartha gnó, na bainistíochta agus na straitéise airgeadais.

Molann Sportwave na gníomhaíochtaí seo a chomhordú laistigh de chreat straitéiseach comhtháite, agus na hidirghníomhaíochtaí idir suíomh sa mhargadh, fás corparáideach, idirbhearta gnó agus luacháil infheistíochta á gcur san áireamh.

Tá tábhacht ar leith ag baint leis an ngné seo i gcás cumasc agus éadálacha agus straitéisí forbartha cuideachtaí atá liostaithe ar stocmhalartáin.

== An tsamhail ==

Is féidir cur síos a dhéanamh ar fheidhmiú coincheapúil Teoiric Sportwave trí shraith próiseas idirnasctha.

=== Giniúint airde ===

Forbraíonn eagraíocht infheictheacht agus suim i measc a spriocghrúpaí agus laistigh dá margadh tagartha trí tháirgí, seirbhísí, imeachtaí, brandaí, ábhar agus tionscnaimh tráchtála.

Is acmhainn tosaigh í an aird chun caidrimh agus deiseanna eacnamaíocha a fhorbairt.

=== Leanúnachas sreafaí airde ===

Cothaítear an aird trí idirghníomhaíochtaí athfhillteacha agus trí bhealaí éagsúla cumarsáide agus dáileacháin.

Meastar gur próiseas leanúnach é an caidreamh idir eagraíocht agus a margadh, próiseas a fhéadfaidh síneadh roimh ghníomhaíocht tráchtála nó imeacht aonair, lena linn agus ina dhiaidh.

=== Comhtháthú éiceachóras ===

Meastar gur comhpháirteanna de chóras idirnasctha iad páirtithe leasmhara agus acmhainní corparáideacha.

D'fhéadfadh custaiméirí, comhpháirtithe tráchtála, infheisteoirí, ardáin dhigiteacha, líonraí dáileacháin, brandaí agus eagraíochtaí atá ag feidhmiú i dtionscail éagsúla a bheith san áireamh sa chomhtháthú.

=== Aimpliú luacha ===

Féadfaidh idirghníomhaíochtaí idir comhpháirteanna an éiceachórais deiseanna a chruthú maidir le monatóireacht tráchtála, leathnú tráchtála, éagsúlú ioncaim agus forbairt straitéiseach.

In idirbhearta corparáideacha, áirítear sa chéim seo freisin sainaithint sineirgí féideartha a eascraíonn as comhtháthú cuideachtaí, sócmhainní, cumais dáileacháin agus líonraí páirtithe leasmhara.

== Feidhmeanna ==

Tháinig Teoiric Sportwave ó ghnó spóirt, ach tá sé beartaithe í a chur i bhfeidhm ar fud earnálacha éagsúla den gheilleagar.

=== Gnó spóirt ===

Is é an spórt an comhthéacs bunaidh inar forbraíodh an creat.

Ní mheasann an tsamhail gur comórtas amháin atá in imeacht spóirt, ach gur éiceachóras eacnamaíoch agus meán é ina gcuireann lúthchleasaithe, tionscnóirí, cónaidhmeanna, urraitheoirí, craoltóirí agus lucht féachana le cruthú luacha.

Gné amháin den chur chuige is ea imeachtaí a dhearadh le haghaidh dáileadh ilmheán, lena n-áirítear teilifís, seirbhísí sruthaithe thar an mbarr (OTT), ardáin dhigiteacha agus bealaí cumarsáide dílseánaigh.

Is féidir leis an gcur chuige seo comórtas spóirt, branda pearsanta lúthchleasaithe, cearta craolacháin, comhaontuithe urraíochta agus dáileadh idirnáisiúnta a chomhtháthú.

Soláthraíonn spóirt chomhra</text>
      <sha1>oxfkvyozbcr1nf7qdwm0a7x73udy64u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331941</id>
      <parentid>1331940</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:01:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Prof MarkWalt</username>
        <id>78579</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Feidhmeanna */</comment>
      <origin>1331941</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10442" sha1="5prbvtj31ydsu6yfe6qwhzjjn8jc03d" xml:space="preserve">
'''Teoiric Sportwave''' (''Sportwave Theory'') is creat straitéiseach agus eacnamaíochta iompraíochta í a d'fhorbair an feidhmeannach gnó agus gairmí gnó spóirt Iodálach '''Paolo Biotti''' in 2018. Baineann an creat leis an idirghníomhaíocht idir aird an mhargaidh, luach braite, cumarsáid, caidrimh le páirtithe leasmhara, nochtadh sna meáin agus luacháil straitéiseach sócmhainní corparáideacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Breaking News: Paolo Biotti, il nuovo Chairman di OKTAGON |url=https://www.oktagon.it/breaking-news-paolo-biotti-il-nuovo-chairman-di-oktagon/ |website=OKTAGON |access-date=6 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scrúdaíonn an teoiric an chaoi ar féidir le comhtháthú na bhfachtóirí seo tionchar a imirt ar chinntí eacnamaíocha, iompar ceannaigh tomhaltóirí, éadálacha corparáideacha, cinntí infheistíochta, luacháil scaireanna, anailís ar ráitis airgeadais agus aithint sócmhainní inláimhsithe agus doláimhsithe nach bhfuil a luach iomlán aitheanta.

Forbraíodh Teoiric Sportwave ar dtús i dtionscal an ghnó spóirt, ach tá sé beartaithe í a chur i bhfeidhm ar fud earnálacha eacnamaíocha agus tráchtála éagsúla, lena n-áirítear airgeadas, teicneolaíocht, déantúsaíocht, na meáin, siamsaíocht, árachas, eastát réadach, cumaisc agus éadálacha (M&amp;A), agus cuideachtaí atá liostaithe ar stocmhalartáin.

Is é bunphrionsabal an chreata ná cuideachta a mheas mar éiceachóras eacnamaíoch dinimiciúil ina mbíonn aird, caidrimh, cumarsáid, na meáin, acmhainní airgeadais agus deiseanna tráchtála ag idirghníomhú lena chéile.

Murab ionann agus cur chuige traidisiúnta a dhéileálann go minic le margaíocht, cumarsáid, forbairt ghnó, bainistíocht agus airgeadas mar fheidhmeanna ar leithligh, molann Sportwave peirspictíocht straitéiseach chomhtháite ina gcuireann na comhpháirteanna seo le próiseas níos leithne cruthaithe luacha chorparáidigh.

Gné shainiúil den chreat is ea a bhunús i ngnó spóirt agus a leathnú coincheapúil ina dhiaidh sin chuig an ngeilleagar i gcoitinne. Is é an spórt an timpeallacht bhunaidh inar forbraíodh an tsamhail, seachas teorainn ar a feidhmeanna féideartha.

== Stair ==

D'fhorbair Paolo Biotti Teoiric Sportwave agus thug sé an t-ainm sin uirthi go poiblí san Iodáil in 2018. De réir OKTAGON, chuir Biotti an creat i láthair ag ócáid oiliúna gairmiúla dhlíodóirí a reáchtáladh ag ceanncheathrú Rialtas Réigiúnach na Lombairde, i gcomhthéacs Chumann Barra Dhlíodóirí Milano.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

Áiríodh i gcúlra gairmiúil Biotti gnó spóirt, margaíocht idirnáisiúnta, bainistíocht straitéiseach imeachtaí agus cumaisc agus éadálacha. Áiríodh ar a chuid gníomhaíochtaí freisin poist bhainistíochta agus chomhairleacha sna hearnálacha árachais, teicneolaíochta faisnéise, fuinnimh in-athnuaite agus airgeadais chorparáidigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

D'eascair an creat as breathnú ar na deiseanna eacnamaíocha a thagann chun cinn nuair a chomhtháthaítear imeachtaí spóirt, cumarsáid idirnáisiúnta, dáileadh teilifíse, urraíocht, caidrimh tráchtála agus bainistíocht sócmhainní.

De réir an chuntais a d'fhoilsigh OKTAGON, tharraing an creat suim i gciorcail acadúla idirnáisiúnta ina dhiaidh sin, rud a d'fhág gur ullmhaíodh tráchtais ollscoile a rinne scrúdú ar a choincheapa, lena n-áirítear in ollscoileanna sna Stáit Aontaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

Cuireadh an cur chuige bunaidh, a forbraíodh trí ghnó spóirt, i láthair ina dhiaidh sin mar shamhail straitéiseach a d'fhéadfaí a aistriú chuig eagraíochtaí atá ag feidhmiú in earnálacha eacnamaíocha éagsúla.

== Bunús teoiriciúil ==

Baineann Teoiric Sportwave úsáid as coincheapa a bhaineann le heacnamaíocht iompraíochta, eacnamaíocht na haire, margaíocht straitéiseach, margaíocht phobail, bainistíocht páirtithe leasmhara agus airgeadas corparáideach.

Is féidir a struchtúr coincheapúil a eagrú timpeall ar cheithre phríomhghné.

=== Eacnamaíocht na haire ===

Baineann an chéad ghné le haird an mhargaidh a ghiniúint agus a bhainistiú.

Meastar gur acmhainn atá ábhartha ó thaobh na heacnamaíochta de í an aird, toisc gur féidir léi tionchar a imirt ar aitheantas branda, ar dhearcadh tomhaltóirí, ar chinntí ceannaigh agus ar chaidrimh le páirtithe leasmhara. Tá an pheirspictíocht seo ag teacht le tuairimí Herbert A. Simon maidir le ganntanas aird an duine i dtimpeallachtaí ina bhfuil flúirse faisnéise.&lt;ref name=&quot;Simon&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Simon |first=Herbert A. |chapter=Designing Organizations for an Information-Rich World |title=Computers, Communications, and the Public Interest |editor-last=Greenberger |editor-first=Martin |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |year=1971 |pages=37–72}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Measann Sportwave nach toradh feachtais fógraíochta aonair nó imeachta amháin í an aird amháin, ach gur próiseas leanúnach í a fhorbraítear trí bhealaí cumarsáide éagsúla agus trí dheiseanna idirghníomhaíochta.

Is féidir leis an bpróiseas seo comhiomlánú, rannpháirtíocht, bunú pobail agus comhroinnt mothúchán comhchoiteann a chruthú.

=== Comhtháthú páirtithe leasmhara ===

Baineann an dara gné le comhtháthú páirtithe leasmhara laistigh d'éiceachóras eacnamaíoch.

Meastar gur rannpháirtithe idirnasctha iad custaiméirí, infheisteoirí, fostaithe, soláthraithe, dáileoirí, eagraíochtaí meán agus comhpháirtithe straitéiseacha, ar féidir lena gcaidrimh cur le forbairt eagraíochtúil thar thuairisceáin airgeadais láithreacha.

Tá naisc choincheapúla ag an gcur chuige seo le teoiric na bpáirtithe leasmhara, go háirithe an creat a d'fhorbair R. Edward Freeman, a dhéanann breithniú ar eagraíochtaí gnó i ndáil le leasanna agus caidrimh grúpaí éagsúla páirtithe leasmhara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freeman&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Freeman |first=R. Edward |title=Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach |publisher=Pitman |location=Boston |year=1984}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa spórt, áirítear ar an ngné seo foirne, lúthchleasaithe, cónaidhmeanna, tionscnóirí, urraitheoirí, craoltóirí agus lucht féachana.

=== Comhtháthú agus luacháil sócmhainní ===

Baineann an tríú gné le hacmhainní inláimhsithe agus doláimhsithe a chomhcheangal.

Áirítear orthu sin brandaí, maoin intleachtúil, bonneagar, líonraí dáileacháin, ardáin dhigiteacha, caidrimh tráchtála, cumais eagraíochtúla agus acmhainní eile a d'fhéadfadh cur le buntáiste iomaíoch.

Breithníonn an creat na deiseanna eacnamaíocha a eascraíonn as idirghníomhaíochtaí idir na hacmhainní seo, seachas an anailís a theorannú do luacháil neamhspleách sócmhainní aonair.

Tá cosúlachtaí coincheapúla ag an bpeirspictíocht seo leis an gcur chuige atá bunaithe ar acmhainní maidir leis an ngnólacht, a scrúdaíonn an chaoi ar féidir le hacmhainní corparáideacha luachmhara agus sainiúla cur le buntáiste iomaíoch inbhuanaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barney&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Barney |first=Jay |title=Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage |journal=Journal of Management |volume=17 |issue=1 |year=1991 |pages=99–120 |doi=10.1177/014920639101700108}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Comhtháthú straitéiseach agus airgeadais ===

Baineann an ceathrú gné le cóineasú na margaíochta, na forbartha gnó, na bainistíochta agus na straitéise airgeadais.

Molann Sportwave na gníomhaíochtaí seo a chomhordú laistigh de chreat straitéiseach comhtháite, agus na hidirghníomhaíochtaí idir suíomh sa mhargadh, fás corparáideach, idirbhearta gnó agus luacháil infheistíochta á gcur san áireamh.

Tá tábhacht ar leith ag baint leis an ngné seo i gcás cumasc agus éadálacha agus straitéisí forbartha cuideachtaí atá liostaithe ar stocmhalartáin.

== An tsamhail ==

Is féidir cur síos a dhéanamh ar fheidhmiú coincheapúil Teoiric Sportwave trí shraith próiseas idirnasctha.

=== Giniúint airde ===

Forbraíonn eagraíocht infheictheacht agus suim i measc a spriocghrúpaí agus laistigh dá margadh tagartha trí tháirgí, seirbhísí, imeachtaí, brandaí, ábhar agus tionscnaimh tráchtála.

Is acmhainn tosaigh í an aird chun caidrimh agus deiseanna eacnamaíocha a fhorbairt.

=== Leanúnachas sreafaí airde ===

Cothaítear an aird trí idirghníomhaíochtaí athfhillteacha agus trí bhealaí éagsúla cumarsáide agus dáileacháin.

Meastar gur próiseas leanúnach é an caidreamh idir eagraíocht agus a margadh, próiseas a fhéadfaidh síneadh roimh ghníomhaíocht tráchtála nó imeacht aonair, lena linn agus ina dhiaidh.

=== Comhtháthú éiceachóras ===

Meastar gur comhpháirteanna de chóras idirnasctha iad páirtithe leasmhara agus acmhainní corparáideacha.

D'fhéadfadh custaiméirí, comhpháirtithe tráchtála, infheisteoirí, ardáin dhigiteacha, líonraí dáileacháin, brandaí agus eagraíochtaí atá ag feidhmiú i dtionscail éagsúla a bheith san áireamh sa chomhtháthú.

=== Aimpliú luacha ===

Féadfaidh idirghníomhaíochtaí idir comhpháirteanna an éiceachórais deiseanna a chruthú maidir le monatóireacht tráchtála, leathnú tráchtála, éagsúlú ioncaim agus forbairt straitéiseach.

In idirbhearta corparáideacha, áirítear sa chéim seo freisin sainaithint sineirgí féideartha a eascraíonn as comhtháthú cuideachtaí, sócmhainní, cumais dáileacháin agus líonraí páirtithe leasmhara.

== Feidhmeanna ==

Tháinig Teoiric Sportwave ó ghnó spóirt, ach tá sé beartaithe í a chur i bhfeidhm ar fud earnálacha éagsúla den gheilleagar.

=== Gnó spóirt ===

Is é an spórt an comhthéacs bunaidh inar forbraíodh an creat.

Ní mheasann an tsamhail gur comórtas amháin atá in imeacht spóirt, ach gur éiceachóras eacnamaíoch agus meán é ina gcuireann lúthchleasaithe, tionscnóirí, cónaidhmeanna, urraitheoirí, craoltóirí agus lucht féachana le cruthú luacha.

Gné amháin den chur chuige is ea imeachtaí a dhearadh le haghaidh dáileadh ilmheán, lena n-áirítear teilifís, seirbhísí sruthaithe thar an mbarr (OTT), ardáin dhigiteacha agus bealaí cumarsáide dílseánaigh.

Is féidir leis an gcur chuige seo comórtas spóirt, branda pearsanta lúthchleasaithe, cearta craolacháin, comhaontuithe urraíochta agus dáileadh idirnáisiúnta a chomhtháthú.

== Nótaí ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5prbvtj31ydsu6yfe6qwhzjjn8jc03d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331942</id>
      <parentid>1331941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:02:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Prof MarkWalt</username>
        <id>78579</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1331942</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10517" sha1="iw50nqyb2b0io7atv0ky8dskdb15d6y" xml:space="preserve">
'''Teoiric Sportwave''' (''Sportwave Theory'') is creat straitéiseach agus eacnamaíochta iompraíochta í a d'fhorbair an feidhmeannach gnó agus gairmí gnó spóirt Iodálach Paolo Biotti Natoli in 2018. Baineann an creat leis an idirghníomhaíocht idir aird an mhargaidh, luach braite, cumarsáid, caidrimh le páirtithe leasmhara, nochtadh sna meáin agus luacháil straitéiseach sócmhainní corparáideacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Breaking News: Paolo Biotti, il nuovo Chairman di OKTAGON |url=https://www.oktagon.it/breaking-news-paolo-biotti-il-nuovo-chairman-di-oktagon/ |website=OKTAGON |access-date=6 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scrúdaíonn an teoiric an chaoi ar féidir le comhtháthú na bhfachtóirí seo tionchar a imirt ar chinntí eacnamaíocha, iompar ceannaigh tomhaltóirí, éadálacha corparáideacha, cinntí infheistíochta, luacháil scaireanna, anailís ar ráitis airgeadais agus aithint sócmhainní inláimhsithe agus doláimhsithe nach bhfuil a luach iomlán aitheanta.

Forbraíodh Teoiric Sportwave ar dtús i dtionscal an ghnó spóirt, ach tá sé beartaithe í a chur i bhfeidhm ar fud earnálacha eacnamaíocha agus tráchtála éagsúla, lena n-áirítear airgeadas, teicneolaíocht, déantúsaíocht, na meáin, siamsaíocht, árachas, eastát réadach, cumaisc agus éadálacha (M&amp;A), agus cuideachtaí atá liostaithe ar stocmhalartáin.

Is é bunphrionsabal an chreata ná cuideachta a mheas mar éiceachóras eacnamaíoch dinimiciúil ina mbíonn aird, caidrimh, cumarsáid, na meáin, acmhainní airgeadais agus deiseanna tráchtála ag idirghníomhú lena chéile.

Murab ionann agus cur chuige traidisiúnta a dhéileálann go minic le margaíocht, cumarsáid, forbairt ghnó, bainistíocht agus airgeadas mar fheidhmeanna ar leithligh, molann Sportwave peirspictíocht straitéiseach chomhtháite ina gcuireann na comhpháirteanna seo le próiseas níos leithne cruthaithe luacha chorparáidigh.

Gné shainiúil den chreat is ea a bhunús i ngnó spóirt agus a leathnú coincheapúil ina dhiaidh sin chuig an ngeilleagar i gcoitinne. Is é an spórt an timpeallacht bhunaidh inar forbraíodh an tsamhail, seachas teorainn ar a feidhmeanna féideartha.

== Stair ==

D'fhorbair Paolo Biotti Teoiric Sportwave agus thug sé an t-ainm sin uirthi go poiblí san Iodáil in 2018. De réir OKTAGON, chuir Biotti an creat i láthair ag ócáid oiliúna gairmiúla dhlíodóirí a reáchtáladh ag ceanncheathrú Rialtas Réigiúnach na Lombairde, i gcomhthéacs Chumann Barra Dhlíodóirí Milano.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

Áiríodh i gcúlra gairmiúil Biotti gnó spóirt, margaíocht idirnáisiúnta, bainistíocht straitéiseach imeachtaí agus cumaisc agus éadálacha. Áiríodh ar a chuid gníomhaíochtaí freisin poist bhainistíochta agus chomhairleacha sna hearnálacha árachais, teicneolaíochta faisnéise, fuinnimh in-athnuaite agus airgeadais chorparáidigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

D'eascair an creat as breathnú ar na deiseanna eacnamaíocha a thagann chun cinn nuair a chomhtháthaítear imeachtaí spóirt, cumarsáid idirnáisiúnta, dáileadh teilifíse, urraíocht, caidrimh tráchtála agus bainistíocht sócmhainní.

De réir an chuntais a d'fhoilsigh OKTAGON, tharraing an creat suim i gciorcail acadúla idirnáisiúnta ina dhiaidh sin, rud a d'fhág gur ullmhaíodh tráchtais ollscoile a rinne scrúdú ar a choincheapa, lena n-áirítear in ollscoileanna sna Stáit Aontaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

Cuireadh an cur chuige bunaidh, a forbraíodh trí ghnó spóirt, i láthair ina dhiaidh sin mar shamhail straitéiseach a d'fhéadfaí a aistriú chuig eagraíochtaí atá ag feidhmiú in earnálacha eacnamaíocha éagsúla.

== Bunús teoiriciúil ==

Baineann Teoiric Sportwave úsáid as coincheapa a bhaineann le heacnamaíocht iompraíochta, eacnamaíocht na haire, margaíocht straitéiseach, margaíocht phobail, bainistíocht páirtithe leasmhara agus airgeadas corparáideach.

Is féidir a struchtúr coincheapúil a eagrú timpeall ar cheithre phríomhghné.

=== Eacnamaíocht na haire ===

Baineann an chéad ghné le haird an mhargaidh a ghiniúint agus a bhainistiú.

Meastar gur acmhainn atá ábhartha ó thaobh na heacnamaíochta de í an aird, toisc gur féidir léi tionchar a imirt ar aitheantas branda, ar dhearcadh tomhaltóirí, ar chinntí ceannaigh agus ar chaidrimh le páirtithe leasmhara. Tá an pheirspictíocht seo ag teacht le tuairimí Herbert A. Simon maidir le ganntanas aird an duine i dtimpeallachtaí ina bhfuil flúirse faisnéise.&lt;ref name=&quot;Simon&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Simon |first=Herbert A. |chapter=Designing Organizations for an Information-Rich World |title=Computers, Communications, and the Public Interest |editor-last=Greenberger |editor-first=Martin |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |year=1971 |pages=37–72}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Measann Sportwave nach toradh feachtais fógraíochta aonair nó imeachta amháin í an aird amháin, ach gur próiseas leanúnach í a fhorbraítear trí bhealaí cumarsáide éagsúla agus trí dheiseanna idirghníomhaíochta.

Is féidir leis an bpróiseas seo comhiomlánú, rannpháirtíocht, bunú pobail agus comhroinnt mothúchán comhchoiteann a chruthú.

=== Comhtháthú páirtithe leasmhara ===

Baineann an dara gné le comhtháthú páirtithe leasmhara laistigh d'éiceachóras eacnamaíoch.

Meastar gur rannpháirtithe idirnasctha iad custaiméirí, infheisteoirí, fostaithe, soláthraithe, dáileoirí, eagraíochtaí meán agus comhpháirtithe straitéiseacha, ar féidir lena gcaidrimh cur le forbairt eagraíochtúil thar thuairisceáin airgeadais láithreacha.

Tá naisc choincheapúla ag an gcur chuige seo le teoiric na bpáirtithe leasmhara, go háirithe an creat a d'fhorbair R. Edward Freeman, a dhéanann breithniú ar eagraíochtaí gnó i ndáil le leasanna agus caidrimh grúpaí éagsúla páirtithe leasmhara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freeman&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Freeman |first=R. Edward |title=Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach |publisher=Pitman |location=Boston |year=1984}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa spórt, áirítear ar an ngné seo foirne, lúthchleasaithe, cónaidhmeanna, tionscnóirí, urraitheoirí, craoltóirí agus lucht féachana.

=== Comhtháthú agus luacháil sócmhainní ===

Baineann an tríú gné le hacmhainní inláimhsithe agus doláimhsithe a chomhcheangal.

Áirítear orthu sin brandaí, maoin intleachtúil, bonneagar, líonraí dáileacháin, ardáin dhigiteacha, caidrimh tráchtála, cumais eagraíochtúla agus acmhainní eile a d'fhéadfadh cur le buntáiste iomaíoch.

Breithníonn an creat na deiseanna eacnamaíocha a eascraíonn as idirghníomhaíochtaí idir na hacmhainní seo, seachas an anailís a theorannú do luacháil neamhspleách sócmhainní aonair.

Tá cosúlachtaí coincheapúla ag an bpeirspictíocht seo leis an gcur chuige atá bunaithe ar acmhainní maidir leis an ngnólacht, a scrúdaíonn an chaoi ar féidir le hacmhainní corparáideacha luachmhara agus sainiúla cur le buntáiste iomaíoch inbhuanaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barney&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Barney |first=Jay |title=Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage |journal=Journal of Management |volume=17 |issue=1 |year=1991 |pages=99–120 |doi=10.1177/014920639101700108}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Comhtháthú straitéiseach agus airgeadais ===

Baineann an ceathrú gné le cóineasú na margaíochta, na forbartha gnó, na bainistíochta agus na straitéise airgeadais.

Molann Sportwave na gníomhaíochtaí seo a chomhordú laistigh de chreat straitéiseach comhtháite, agus na hidirghníomhaíochtaí idir suíomh sa mhargadh, fás corparáideach, idirbhearta gnó agus luacháil infheistíochta á gcur san áireamh.

Tá tábhacht ar leith ag baint leis an ngné seo i gcás cumasc agus éadálacha agus straitéisí forbartha cuideachtaí atá liostaithe ar stocmhalartáin.

== An tsamhail ==

Is féidir cur síos a dhéanamh ar fheidhmiú coincheapúil Teoiric Sportwave trí shraith próiseas idirnasctha.

=== Giniúint airde ===

Forbraíonn eagraíocht infheictheacht agus suim i measc a spriocghrúpaí agus laistigh dá margadh tagartha trí tháirgí, seirbhísí, imeachtaí, brandaí, ábhar agus tionscnaimh tráchtála.

Is acmhainn tosaigh í an aird chun caidrimh agus deiseanna eacnamaíocha a fhorbairt.

=== Leanúnachas sreafaí airde ===

Cothaítear an aird trí idirghníomhaíochtaí athfhillteacha agus trí bhealaí éagsúla cumarsáide agus dáileacháin.

Meastar gur próiseas leanúnach é an caidreamh idir eagraíocht agus a margadh, próiseas a fhéadfaidh síneadh roimh ghníomhaíocht tráchtála nó imeacht aonair, lena linn agus ina dhiaidh.

=== Comhtháthú éiceachóras ===

Meastar gur comhpháirteanna de chóras idirnasctha iad páirtithe leasmhara agus acmhainní corparáideacha.

D'fhéadfadh custaiméirí, comhpháirtithe tráchtála, infheisteoirí, ardáin dhigiteacha, líonraí dáileacháin, brandaí agus eagraíochtaí atá ag feidhmiú i dtionscail éagsúla a bheith san áireamh sa chomhtháthú.

=== Aimpliú luacha ===

Féadfaidh idirghníomhaíochtaí idir comhpháirteanna an éiceachórais deiseanna a chruthú maidir le monatóireacht tráchtála, leathnú tráchtála, éagsúlú ioncaim agus forbairt straitéiseach.

In idirbhearta corparáideacha, áirítear sa chéim seo freisin sainaithint sineirgí féideartha a eascraíonn as comhtháthú cuideachtaí, sócmhainní, cumais dáileacháin agus líonraí páirtithe leasmhara.

== Feidhmeanna ==

Tháinig Teoiric Sportwave ó ghnó spóirt, ach tá sé beartaithe í a chur i bhfeidhm ar fud earnálacha éagsúla den gheilleagar.

=== Gnó spóirt ===

Is é an spórt an comhthéacs bunaidh inar forbraíodh an creat.

Ní mheasann an tsamhail gur comórtas amháin atá in imeacht spóirt, ach gur éiceachóras eacnamaíoch agus meán é ina gcuireann lúthchleasaithe, tionscnóirí, cónaidhmeanna, urraitheoirí, craoltóirí agus lucht féachana le cruthú luacha.

Gné amháin den chur chuige is ea imeachtaí a dhearadh le haghaidh dáileadh ilmheán, lena n-áirítear teilifís, seirbhísí sruthaithe thar an mbarr (OTT), ardáin dhigiteacha agus bealaí cumarsáide dílseánaigh.

Is féidir leis an gcur chuige seo comórtas spóirt, branda pearsanta lúthchleasaithe, cearta craolacháin, comhaontuithe urraíochta agus dáileadh idirnáisiúnta a chomhtháthú.

== Nótaí ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

[[Catagóir:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
[[Catagóir:Teoiricí]]</text>
      <sha1>iw50nqyb2b0io7atv0ky8dskdb15d6y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331943</id>
      <parentid>1331942</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:04:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Prof MarkWalt</username>
        <id>78579</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nótaí */</comment>
      <origin>1331943</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12002" sha1="ss72vo5785rovzs1p01aovsx5c133wl" xml:space="preserve">
'''Teoiric Sportwave''' (''Sportwave Theory'') is creat straitéiseach agus eacnamaíochta iompraíochta í a d'fhorbair an feidhmeannach gnó agus gairmí gnó spóirt Iodálach Paolo Biotti Natoli in 2018. Baineann an creat leis an idirghníomhaíocht idir aird an mhargaidh, luach braite, cumarsáid, caidrimh le páirtithe leasmhara, nochtadh sna meáin agus luacháil straitéiseach sócmhainní corparáideacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Breaking News: Paolo Biotti, il nuovo Chairman di OKTAGON |url=https://www.oktagon.it/breaking-news-paolo-biotti-il-nuovo-chairman-di-oktagon/ |website=OKTAGON |access-date=6 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scrúdaíonn an teoiric an chaoi ar féidir le comhtháthú na bhfachtóirí seo tionchar a imirt ar chinntí eacnamaíocha, iompar ceannaigh tomhaltóirí, éadálacha corparáideacha, cinntí infheistíochta, luacháil scaireanna, anailís ar ráitis airgeadais agus aithint sócmhainní inláimhsithe agus doláimhsithe nach bhfuil a luach iomlán aitheanta.

Forbraíodh Teoiric Sportwave ar dtús i dtionscal an ghnó spóirt, ach tá sé beartaithe í a chur i bhfeidhm ar fud earnálacha eacnamaíocha agus tráchtála éagsúla, lena n-áirítear airgeadas, teicneolaíocht, déantúsaíocht, na meáin, siamsaíocht, árachas, eastát réadach, cumaisc agus éadálacha (M&amp;A), agus cuideachtaí atá liostaithe ar stocmhalartáin.

Is é bunphrionsabal an chreata ná cuideachta a mheas mar éiceachóras eacnamaíoch dinimiciúil ina mbíonn aird, caidrimh, cumarsáid, na meáin, acmhainní airgeadais agus deiseanna tráchtála ag idirghníomhú lena chéile.

Murab ionann agus cur chuige traidisiúnta a dhéileálann go minic le margaíocht, cumarsáid, forbairt ghnó, bainistíocht agus airgeadas mar fheidhmeanna ar leithligh, molann Sportwave peirspictíocht straitéiseach chomhtháite ina gcuireann na comhpháirteanna seo le próiseas níos leithne cruthaithe luacha chorparáidigh.

Gné shainiúil den chreat is ea a bhunús i ngnó spóirt agus a leathnú coincheapúil ina dhiaidh sin chuig an ngeilleagar i gcoitinne. Is é an spórt an timpeallacht bhunaidh inar forbraíodh an tsamhail, seachas teorainn ar a feidhmeanna féideartha.

== Stair ==

D'fhorbair Paolo Biotti Teoiric Sportwave agus thug sé an t-ainm sin uirthi go poiblí san Iodáil in 2018. De réir OKTAGON, chuir Biotti an creat i láthair ag ócáid oiliúna gairmiúla dhlíodóirí a reáchtáladh ag ceanncheathrú Rialtas Réigiúnach na Lombairde, i gcomhthéacs Chumann Barra Dhlíodóirí Milano.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

Áiríodh i gcúlra gairmiúil Biotti gnó spóirt, margaíocht idirnáisiúnta, bainistíocht straitéiseach imeachtaí agus cumaisc agus éadálacha. Áiríodh ar a chuid gníomhaíochtaí freisin poist bhainistíochta agus chomhairleacha sna hearnálacha árachais, teicneolaíochta faisnéise, fuinnimh in-athnuaite agus airgeadais chorparáidigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

D'eascair an creat as breathnú ar na deiseanna eacnamaíocha a thagann chun cinn nuair a chomhtháthaítear imeachtaí spóirt, cumarsáid idirnáisiúnta, dáileadh teilifíse, urraíocht, caidrimh tráchtála agus bainistíocht sócmhainní.

De réir an chuntais a d'fhoilsigh OKTAGON, tharraing an creat suim i gciorcail acadúla idirnáisiúnta ina dhiaidh sin, rud a d'fhág gur ullmhaíodh tráchtais ollscoile a rinne scrúdú ar a choincheapa, lena n-áirítear in ollscoileanna sna Stáit Aontaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

Cuireadh an cur chuige bunaidh, a forbraíodh trí ghnó spóirt, i láthair ina dhiaidh sin mar shamhail straitéiseach a d'fhéadfaí a aistriú chuig eagraíochtaí atá ag feidhmiú in earnálacha eacnamaíocha éagsúla.

== Bunús teoiriciúil ==

Baineann Teoiric Sportwave úsáid as coincheapa a bhaineann le heacnamaíocht iompraíochta, eacnamaíocht na haire, margaíocht straitéiseach, margaíocht phobail, bainistíocht páirtithe leasmhara agus airgeadas corparáideach.

Is féidir a struchtúr coincheapúil a eagrú timpeall ar cheithre phríomhghné.

=== Eacnamaíocht na haire ===

Baineann an chéad ghné le haird an mhargaidh a ghiniúint agus a bhainistiú.

Meastar gur acmhainn atá ábhartha ó thaobh na heacnamaíochta de í an aird, toisc gur féidir léi tionchar a imirt ar aitheantas branda, ar dhearcadh tomhaltóirí, ar chinntí ceannaigh agus ar chaidrimh le páirtithe leasmhara. Tá an pheirspictíocht seo ag teacht le tuairimí Herbert A. Simon maidir le ganntanas aird an duine i dtimpeallachtaí ina bhfuil flúirse faisnéise.&lt;ref name=&quot;Simon&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Simon |first=Herbert A. |chapter=Designing Organizations for an Information-Rich World |title=Computers, Communications, and the Public Interest |editor-last=Greenberger |editor-first=Martin |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |year=1971 |pages=37–72}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Measann Sportwave nach toradh feachtais fógraíochta aonair nó imeachta amháin í an aird amháin, ach gur próiseas leanúnach í a fhorbraítear trí bhealaí cumarsáide éagsúla agus trí dheiseanna idirghníomhaíochta.

Is féidir leis an bpróiseas seo comhiomlánú, rannpháirtíocht, bunú pobail agus comhroinnt mothúchán comhchoiteann a chruthú.

=== Comhtháthú páirtithe leasmhara ===

Baineann an dara gné le comhtháthú páirtithe leasmhara laistigh d'éiceachóras eacnamaíoch.

Meastar gur rannpháirtithe idirnasctha iad custaiméirí, infheisteoirí, fostaithe, soláthraithe, dáileoirí, eagraíochtaí meán agus comhpháirtithe straitéiseacha, ar féidir lena gcaidrimh cur le forbairt eagraíochtúil thar thuairisceáin airgeadais láithreacha.

Tá naisc choincheapúla ag an gcur chuige seo le teoiric na bpáirtithe leasmhara, go háirithe an creat a d'fhorbair R. Edward Freeman, a dhéanann breithniú ar eagraíochtaí gnó i ndáil le leasanna agus caidrimh grúpaí éagsúla páirtithe leasmhara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freeman&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Freeman |first=R. Edward |title=Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach |publisher=Pitman |location=Boston |year=1984}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa spórt, áirítear ar an ngné seo foirne, lúthchleasaithe, cónaidhmeanna, tionscnóirí, urraitheoirí, craoltóirí agus lucht féachana.

=== Comhtháthú agus luacháil sócmhainní ===

Baineann an tríú gné le hacmhainní inláimhsithe agus doláimhsithe a chomhcheangal.

Áirítear orthu sin brandaí, maoin intleachtúil, bonneagar, líonraí dáileacháin, ardáin dhigiteacha, caidrimh tráchtála, cumais eagraíochtúla agus acmhainní eile a d'fhéadfadh cur le buntáiste iomaíoch.

Breithníonn an creat na deiseanna eacnamaíocha a eascraíonn as idirghníomhaíochtaí idir na hacmhainní seo, seachas an anailís a theorannú do luacháil neamhspleách sócmhainní aonair.

Tá cosúlachtaí coincheapúla ag an bpeirspictíocht seo leis an gcur chuige atá bunaithe ar acmhainní maidir leis an ngnólacht, a scrúdaíonn an chaoi ar féidir le hacmhainní corparáideacha luachmhara agus sainiúla cur le buntáiste iomaíoch inbhuanaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barney&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Barney |first=Jay |title=Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage |journal=Journal of Management |volume=17 |issue=1 |year=1991 |pages=99–120 |doi=10.1177/014920639101700108}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Comhtháthú straitéiseach agus airgeadais ===

Baineann an ceathrú gné le cóineasú na margaíochta, na forbartha gnó, na bainistíochta agus na straitéise airgeadais.

Molann Sportwave na gníomhaíochtaí seo a chomhordú laistigh de chreat straitéiseach comhtháite, agus na hidirghníomhaíochtaí idir suíomh sa mhargadh, fás corparáideach, idirbhearta gnó agus luacháil infheistíochta á gcur san áireamh.

Tá tábhacht ar leith ag baint leis an ngné seo i gcás cumasc agus éadálacha agus straitéisí forbartha cuideachtaí atá liostaithe ar stocmhalartáin.

== An tsamhail ==

Is féidir cur síos a dhéanamh ar fheidhmiú coincheapúil Teoiric Sportwave trí shraith próiseas idirnasctha.

=== Giniúint airde ===

Forbraíonn eagraíocht infheictheacht agus suim i measc a spriocghrúpaí agus laistigh dá margadh tagartha trí tháirgí, seirbhísí, imeachtaí, brandaí, ábhar agus tionscnaimh tráchtála.

Is acmhainn tosaigh í an aird chun caidrimh agus deiseanna eacnamaíocha a fhorbairt.

=== Leanúnachas sreafaí airde ===

Cothaítear an aird trí idirghníomhaíochtaí athfhillteacha agus trí bhealaí éagsúla cumarsáide agus dáileacháin.

Meastar gur próiseas leanúnach é an caidreamh idir eagraíocht agus a margadh, próiseas a fhéadfaidh síneadh roimh ghníomhaíocht tráchtála nó imeacht aonair, lena linn agus ina dhiaidh.

=== Comhtháthú éiceachóras ===

Meastar gur comhpháirteanna de chóras idirnasctha iad páirtithe leasmhara agus acmhainní corparáideacha.

D'fhéadfadh custaiméirí, comhpháirtithe tráchtála, infheisteoirí, ardáin dhigiteacha, líonraí dáileacháin, brandaí agus eagraíochtaí atá ag feidhmiú i dtionscail éagsúla a bheith san áireamh sa chomhtháthú.

=== Aimpliú luacha ===

Féadfaidh idirghníomhaíochtaí idir comhpháirteanna an éiceachórais deiseanna a chruthú maidir le monatóireacht tráchtála, leathnú tráchtála, éagsúlú ioncaim agus forbairt straitéiseach.

In idirbhearta corparáideacha, áirítear sa chéim seo freisin sainaithint sineirgí féideartha a eascraíonn as comhtháthú cuideachtaí, sócmhainní, cumais dáileacháin agus líonraí páirtithe leasmhara.

== Feidhmeanna ==

Tháinig Teoiric Sportwave ó ghnó spóirt, ach tá sé beartaithe í a chur i bhfeidhm ar fud earnálacha éagsúla den gheilleagar.

=== Gnó spóirt ===

Is é an spórt an comhthéacs bunaidh inar forbraíodh an creat.

Ní mheasann an tsamhail gur comórtas amháin atá in imeacht spóirt, ach gur éiceachóras eacnamaíoch agus meán é ina gcuireann lúthchleasaithe, tionscnóirí, cónaidhmeanna, urraitheoirí, craoltóirí agus lucht féachana le cruthú luacha.

Gné amháin den chur chuige is ea imeachtaí a dhearadh le haghaidh dáileadh ilmheán, lena n-áirítear teilifís, seirbhísí sruthaithe thar an mbarr (OTT), ardáin dhigiteacha agus bealaí cumarsáide dílseánaigh.

Is féidir leis an gcur chuige seo comórtas spóirt, branda pearsanta lúthchleasaithe, cearta craolacháin, comhaontuithe urraíochta agus dáileadh idirnáisiúnta a chomhtháthú.

== Nótaí ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Tuilleadh léitheoireachta ==

== Bibliography ==
* Barney, Jay (1991). &quot;Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage&quot;. ''Journal of Management'', 17(1), 99–120. doi:10.1177/014920639101700108.
* Bauer, Florian and Friesl, Martin (2024). &quot;Synergy Evaluation in Mergers and Acquisitions: An Attention-Based View&quot;. ''Journal of Management Studies'', 61(1), 37–68. doi:10.1111/joms.12804.
* Feldman, Emilie R. and Hernandez, Exequiel (2022). &quot;Synergy in Mergers and Acquisitions: Typology, Life Cycles, and Value&quot;. ''Academy of Management Review''. doi:10.5465/amr.2018.0345.
* Freeman, R. Edward (1984). ''Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach''. Pitman, Boston.
* Kahneman, Daniel and Tversky, Amos (1979). &quot;Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk&quot;. ''Econometrica'', 47(2), 263–292. doi:10.2307/1914185.
* Keller, Kevin Lane (1993). &quot;Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity&quot;. ''Journal of Marketing'', 57(1), 1–22. doi:10.1177/002224299305700101.
* Muniz, Albert M. Jr. and O'Guinn, Thomas C. (2001). &quot;Brand Community&quot;. ''Journal of Consumer Research'', 27(4), 412–432. doi:10.1086/319618.
* Ocasio, William (1997). &quot;Towards an Attention-Based View of the Firm&quot;. ''Strategic Management Journal'', 18(S1), 187–206.
* Simon, Herbert A. (1971). &quot;Designing Organizations for an Information-Rich World&quot;. In Martin Greenberger (ed.), ''Computers, Communications, and the Public Interest'', 37–72. Johns Hopkins Press.


[[Catagóir:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
[[Catagóir:Teoiricí]]</text>
      <sha1>ss72vo5785rovzs1p01aovsx5c133wl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331945</id>
      <parentid>1331943</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:05:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Prof MarkWalt</username>
        <id>78579</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1331945</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11970" sha1="t6hcwvb99w3iz0fr3p554getgv29eg7" xml:space="preserve">
'''Teoiric Sportwave''' (''Sportwave Theory'') is creat straitéiseach agus eacnamaíochta iompraíochta í a d'fhorbair an feidhmeannach gnó agus gairmí gnó spóirt Iodálach Paolo Biotti Natoli in 2018. Baineann an creat leis an idirghníomhaíocht idir aird an mhargaidh, luach braite, cumarsáid, caidrimh le páirtithe leasmhara, nochtadh sna meáin agus luacháil straitéiseach sócmhainní corparáideacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Breaking News: Paolo Biotti, il nuovo Chairman di OKTAGON |url=https://www.oktagon.it/breaking-news-paolo-biotti-il-nuovo-chairman-di-oktagon/ |website=OKTAGON |access-date=6 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scrúdaíonn an teoiric an chaoi ar féidir le comhtháthú na bhfachtóirí seo tionchar a imirt ar chinntí eacnamaíocha, iompar ceannaigh tomhaltóirí, éadálacha corparáideacha, cinntí infheistíochta, luacháil scaireanna, anailís ar ráitis airgeadais agus aithint sócmhainní inláimhsithe agus doláimhsithe nach bhfuil a luach iomlán aitheanta.

Forbraíodh Teoiric Sportwave ar dtús i dtionscal an ghnó spóirt, ach tá sé beartaithe í a chur i bhfeidhm ar fud earnálacha eacnamaíocha agus tráchtála éagsúla, lena n-áirítear airgeadas, teicneolaíocht, déantúsaíocht, na meáin, siamsaíocht, árachas, eastát réadach, cumaisc agus éadálacha (M&amp;A), agus cuideachtaí atá liostaithe ar stocmhalartáin.

Is é bunphrionsabal an chreata ná cuideachta a mheas mar éiceachóras eacnamaíoch dinimiciúil ina mbíonn aird, caidrimh, cumarsáid, na meáin, acmhainní airgeadais agus deiseanna tráchtála ag idirghníomhú lena chéile.

Murab ionann agus cur chuige traidisiúnta a dhéileálann go minic le margaíocht, cumarsáid, forbairt ghnó, bainistíocht agus airgeadas mar fheidhmeanna ar leithligh, molann Sportwave peirspictíocht straitéiseach chomhtháite ina gcuireann na comhpháirteanna seo le próiseas níos leithne cruthaithe luacha chorparáidigh.

Gné shainiúil den chreat is ea a bhunús i ngnó spóirt agus a leathnú coincheapúil ina dhiaidh sin chuig an ngeilleagar i gcoitinne. Is é an spórt an timpeallacht bhunaidh inar forbraíodh an tsamhail, seachas teorainn ar a feidhmeanna féideartha.

== Stair ==

D'fhorbair Paolo Biotti Teoiric Sportwave agus thug sé an t-ainm sin uirthi go poiblí san Iodáil in 2018. De réir OKTAGON, chuir Biotti an creat i láthair ag ócáid oiliúna gairmiúla dhlíodóirí a reáchtáladh ag ceanncheathrú Rialtas Réigiúnach na Lombairde, i gcomhthéacs Chumann Barra Dhlíodóirí Milano.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

Áiríodh i gcúlra gairmiúil Biotti gnó spóirt, margaíocht idirnáisiúnta, bainistíocht straitéiseach imeachtaí agus cumaisc agus éadálacha. Áiríodh ar a chuid gníomhaíochtaí freisin poist bhainistíochta agus chomhairleacha sna hearnálacha árachais, teicneolaíochta faisnéise, fuinnimh in-athnuaite agus airgeadais chorparáidigh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

D'eascair an creat as breathnú ar na deiseanna eacnamaíocha a thagann chun cinn nuair a chomhtháthaítear imeachtaí spóirt, cumarsáid idirnáisiúnta, dáileadh teilifíse, urraíocht, caidrimh tráchtála agus bainistíocht sócmhainní.

De réir an chuntais a d'fhoilsigh OKTAGON, tharraing an creat suim i gciorcail acadúla idirnáisiúnta ina dhiaidh sin, rud a d'fhág gur ullmhaíodh tráchtais ollscoile a rinne scrúdú ar a choincheapa, lena n-áirítear in ollscoileanna sna Stáit Aontaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oktagon&quot;/&gt;

Cuireadh an cur chuige bunaidh, a forbraíodh trí ghnó spóirt, i láthair ina dhiaidh sin mar shamhail straitéiseach a d'fhéadfaí a aistriú chuig eagraíochtaí atá ag feidhmiú in earnálacha eacnamaíocha éagsúla.

== Bunús teoiriciúil ==
Baineann Teoiric Sportwave úsáid as coincheapa a bhaineann le heacnamaíocht iompraíochta, eacnamaíocht na haire, margaíocht straitéiseach, margaíocht phobail, bainistíocht páirtithe leasmhara agus airgeadas corparáideach.

Is féidir a struchtúr coincheapúil a eagrú timpeall ar cheithre phríomhghné.

=== Eacnamaíocht na haire ===
Baineann an chéad ghné le haird an mhargaidh a ghiniúint agus a bhainistiú.

Meastar gur acmhainn atá ábhartha ó thaobh na heacnamaíochta de í an aird, toisc gur féidir léi tionchar a imirt ar aitheantas branda, ar dhearcadh tomhaltóirí, ar chinntí ceannaigh agus ar chaidrimh le páirtithe leasmhara. Tá an pheirspictíocht seo ag teacht le tuairimí Herbert A. Simon maidir le ganntanas aird an duine i dtimpeallachtaí ina bhfuil flúirse faisnéise.&lt;ref name=&quot;Simon&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Simon |first=Herbert A. |chapter=Designing Organizations for an Information-Rich World |title=Computers, Communications, and the Public Interest |editor-last=Greenberger |editor-first=Martin |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |year=1971 |pages=37–72}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Measann Sportwave nach toradh feachtais fógraíochta aonair nó imeachta amháin í an aird amháin, ach gur próiseas leanúnach í a fhorbraítear trí bhealaí cumarsáide éagsúla agus trí dheiseanna idirghníomhaíochta.

Is féidir leis an bpróiseas seo comhiomlánú, rannpháirtíocht, bunú pobail agus comhroinnt mothúchán comhchoiteann a chruthú.

=== Comhtháthú páirtithe leasmhara ===
Baineann an dara gné le comhtháthú páirtithe leasmhara laistigh d'éiceachóras eacnamaíoch.

Meastar gur rannpháirtithe idirnasctha iad custaiméirí, infheisteoirí, fostaithe, soláthraithe, dáileoirí, eagraíochtaí meán agus comhpháirtithe straitéiseacha, ar féidir lena gcaidrimh cur le forbairt eagraíochtúil thar thuairisceáin airgeadais láithreacha.

Tá naisc choincheapúla ag an gcur chuige seo le teoiric na bpáirtithe leasmhara, go háirithe an creat a d'fhorbair R. Edward Freeman, a dhéanann breithniú ar eagraíochtaí gnó i ndáil le leasanna agus caidrimh grúpaí éagsúla páirtithe leasmhara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freeman&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Freeman |first=R. Edward |title=Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach |publisher=Pitman |location=Boston |year=1984}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa spórt, áirítear ar an ngné seo foirne, lúthchleasaithe, cónaidhmeanna, tionscnóirí, urraitheoirí, craoltóirí agus lucht féachana.

=== Comhtháthú agus luacháil sócmhainní ===
Baineann an tríú gné le hacmhainní inláimhsithe agus doláimhsithe a chomhcheangal.

Áirítear orthu sin brandaí, maoin intleachtúil, bonneagar, líonraí dáileacháin, ardáin dhigiteacha, caidrimh tráchtála, cumais eagraíochtúla agus acmhainní eile a d'fhéadfadh cur le buntáiste iomaíoch.

Breithníonn an creat na deiseanna eacnamaíocha a eascraíonn as idirghníomhaíochtaí idir na hacmhainní seo, seachas an anailís a theorannú do luacháil neamhspleách sócmhainní aonair.

Tá cosúlachtaí coincheapúla ag an bpeirspictíocht seo leis an gcur chuige atá bunaithe ar acmhainní maidir leis an ngnólacht, a scrúdaíonn an chaoi ar féidir le hacmhainní corparáideacha luachmhara agus sainiúla cur le buntáiste iomaíoch inbhuanaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barney&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Barney |first=Jay |title=Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage |journal=Journal of Management |volume=17 |issue=1 |year=1991 |pages=99–120 |doi=10.1177/014920639101700108}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Comhtháthú straitéiseach agus airgeadais ===
Baineann an ceathrú gné le cóineasú na margaíochta, na forbartha gnó, na bainistíochta agus na straitéise airgeadais.

Molann Sportwave na gníomhaíochtaí seo a chomhordú laistigh de chreat straitéiseach comhtháite, agus na hidirghníomhaíochtaí idir suíomh sa mhargadh, fás corparáideach, idirbhearta gnó agus luacháil infheistíochta á gcur san áireamh.

Tá tábhacht ar leith ag baint leis an ngné seo i gcás cumasc agus éadálacha agus straitéisí forbartha cuideachtaí atá liostaithe ar stocmhalartáin.

== An tsamhail ==
Is féidir cur síos a dhéanamh ar fheidhmiú coincheapúil Teoiric Sportwave trí shraith próiseas idirnasctha.

=== Giniúint airde ===
Forbraíonn eagraíocht infheictheacht agus suim i measc a spriocghrúpaí agus laistigh dá margadh tagartha trí tháirgí, seirbhísí, imeachtaí, brandaí, ábhar agus tionscnaimh tráchtála.

Is acmhainn tosaigh í an aird chun caidrimh agus deiseanna eacnamaíocha a fhorbairt.

=== Leanúnachas sreafaí airde ===

Cothaítear an aird trí idirghníomhaíochtaí athfhillteacha agus trí bhealaí éagsúla cumarsáide agus dáileacháin.

Meastar gur próiseas leanúnach é an caidreamh idir eagraíocht agus a margadh, próiseas a fhéadfaidh síneadh roimh ghníomhaíocht tráchtála nó imeacht aonair, lena linn agus ina dhiaidh.

=== Comhtháthú éiceachóras ===
Meastar gur comhpháirteanna de chóras idirnasctha iad páirtithe leasmhara agus acmhainní corparáideacha.

D'fhéadfadh custaiméirí, comhpháirtithe tráchtála, infheisteoirí, ardáin dhigiteacha, líonraí dáileacháin, brandaí agus eagraíochtaí atá ag feidhmiú i dtionscail éagsúla a bheith san áireamh sa chomhtháthú.

=== Aimpliú luacha ===
Féadfaidh idirghníomhaíochtaí idir comhpháirteanna an éiceachórais deiseanna a chruthú maidir le monatóireacht tráchtála, leathnú tráchtála, éagsúlú ioncaim agus forbairt straitéiseach.

In idirbhearta corparáideacha, áirítear sa chéim seo freisin sainaithint sineirgí féideartha a eascraíonn as comhtháthú cuideachtaí, sócmhainní, cumais dáileacháin agus líonraí páirtithe leasmhara.

== Feidhmeanna ==
Tháinig Teoiric Sportwave ó ghnó spóirt, ach tá sé beartaithe í a chur i bhfeidhm ar fud earnálacha éagsúla den gheilleagar.

=== Gnó spóirt ===
Is é an spórt an comhthéacs bunaidh inar forbraíodh an creat.

Ní mheasann an tsamhail gur comórtas amháin atá in imeacht spóirt, ach gur éiceachóras eacnamaíoch agus meán é ina gcuireann lúthchleasaithe, tionscnóirí, cónaidhmeanna, urraitheoirí, craoltóirí agus lucht féachana le cruthú luacha.

Gné amháin den chur chuige is ea imeachtaí a dhearadh le haghaidh dáileadh ilmheán, lena n-áirítear teilifís, seirbhísí sruthaithe thar an mbarr (OTT), ardáin dhigiteacha agus bealaí cumarsáide dílseánaigh.

Is féidir leis an gcur chuige seo comórtas spóirt, branda pearsanta lúthchleasaithe, cearta craolacháin, comhaontuithe urraíochta agus dáileadh idirnáisiúnta a chomhtháthú.

== Nótaí ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Tuilleadh léitheoireachta ==
* Barney, Jay (1991). &quot;Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage&quot;. ''Journal of Management'', 17(1), 99–120. doi:10.1177/014920639101700108.
* Bauer, Florian and Friesl, Martin (2024). &quot;Synergy Evaluation in Mergers and Acquisitions: An Attention-Based View&quot;. ''Journal of Management Studies'', 61(1), 37–68. doi:10.1111/joms.12804.
* Feldman, Emilie R. and Hernandez, Exequiel (2022). &quot;Synergy in Mergers and Acquisitions: Typology, Life Cycles, and Value&quot;. ''Academy of Management Review''. doi:10.5465/amr.2018.0345.
* Freeman, R. Edward (1984). ''Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach''. Pitman, Boston.
* Kahneman, Daniel and Tversky, Amos (1979). &quot;Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk&quot;. ''Econometrica'', 47(2), 263–292. doi:10.2307/1914185.
* Keller, Kevin Lane (1993). &quot;Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity&quot;. ''Journal of Marketing'', 57(1), 1–22. doi:10.1177/002224299305700101.
* Muniz, Albert M. Jr. and O'Guinn, Thomas C. (2001). &quot;Brand Community&quot;. ''Journal of Consumer Research'', 27(4), 412–432. doi:10.1086/319618.
* Ocasio, William (1997). &quot;Towards an Attention-Based View of the Firm&quot;. ''Strategic Management Journal'', 18(S1), 187–206.
* Simon, Herbert A. (1971). &quot;Designing Organizations for an Information-Rich World&quot;. In Martin Greenberger (ed.), ''Computers, Communications, and the Public Interest'', 37–72. Johns Hopkins Press.

[[Catagóir:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
[[Catagóir:Teoiricí]]</text>
      <sha1>t6hcwvb99w3iz0fr3p554getgv29eg7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332072</id>
      <parentid>1331945</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:13:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>meaisínaistriúchán - raiméis</comment>
      <origin>1332072</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Filí Gaelacha</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>128806</id>
    <redirect title="Catagóir:Filí Gaeilge na hAlban" />
    <revision>
      <id>1331952</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:20:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Catagóir:Filí Gaelacha]] go [[Catagóir:Filí Gaeilge na hAlban]]</comment>
      <origin>1331952</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="51" sha1="8o7wimqdqxsghyq4lcb4u7wrz4dggvf" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[:Catagóir:Filí Gaeilge na hAlban]]</text>
      <sha1>8o7wimqdqxsghyq4lcb4u7wrz4dggvf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128807</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331958</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:22:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Réamhrá cruthaithe ó enwiki</comment>
      <origin>1331958</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7006" sha1="65bkeikgxew72xzwvhg9vz2epmed5yb" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:fossil fuel subsidies per capita, World, 2021 (cropped).svg | mion | upright=1.2 | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise in aghaidh an duine]]

[[Íomhá:fossil fuel subsidies gdp, World, 2021 (cropped).svg | mion | upright=1.2 | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise mar chuid OTI]]

Is [[fóirdheontas fuinneamh]] é '''Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise''' ar [[breosla iontaise]].  Faoi shainmhíniú caol, bronnadh tuairim is $725 billiún (0.6% d'[[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]] domhanda)&lt;ref name=:0 /&gt; go $900 bn sa bhliain 2024.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Faoi shainmhíniú níos leithne, bronnadh totalled $6.7 trilliún (5.8% d'OTI).&lt;ref name=:0 /&gt;  Tá an chuid is mó d'fhóirdheontas í gcomhair [[Peitriliam|ola]] agus [[gás nádúrtha|gáis nádúrtha]],&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt; agus go formhór ar [[ídiú]],&lt;ref name=iisd /&gt; amhail [[cáin díolacháin]] níos lú ar gás nádúrtha le haghaidh [[téamh cónaithe]]; nó [[fóirdheontas|fóirdheontais]] ar [[táirgeadh]] amhail is [[buntáiste cánach|buntáistí cánach]] ar [[taiscéalaíocht ola agus gáis]]; nó aisce[[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] saora nó saor in aisce amhail is [[truailliú aeir]] nó [[athrú aeráide]] de bharr dhó [[peitreal|peitril]], [[díosal|díosail]] agus [[scaird-bhreosla]].  Bronntar roinnt fóirdheontas trí {{h|giniúint leictreachais}}, amhail is fóirdheontais i gcomhair {{h|gléasra cumhachta}} gualbhreoslaithe.

Dá gcuirfeadh críoch le fóirdheontais bhreosla iontaise, laghdódh [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] agus mar thoradh [[Maolú an athraithe aeráide|mhaolódh athraithe aeráide]].&lt;ref name=owid /&gt;. I dteannta sin, laghdódh [[Truailliú aeir#Iarmhairtí|rioscaí sláinte de bharr thruailliú aeir]].&lt;ref name=worldbank /&gt;  As an mbliain 2021, deirtear go gcaitear i bhfad níos mó airgid ar Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise ná ar [[fóirdheontas talmhaíochta|fóirdheontais talmhaíochta]] nó [[fóirdheontas uisce|uisce]].&lt;ref name=earthtrack /&gt;  Dar leis an {{h|Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh}}, '' &quot;High fossil fuel prices hit the poor hardest, but subsidies are rarely well-targeted to protect vulnerable groups and tend to benefit better-off segments of the population.&quot;&lt;ref name=subsidies-2022 /&gt;

[[Íomhá:Fossil-fuel-subsidies.png | mion | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]]

In ainneoin gur gheall tíortha [[G20]] deireadh a chur le fóirdheontais bhreosla iontaise de réir a chéile,&lt;ref name=oecd2021 /&gt; tá suas an foras de bharr móréilimh&lt;ref name=Urpelainen2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Martinez2022 /&gt; nó [[slándáil fuinnimh]].&lt;ref name=FT20220225 /&gt;  Dar leis an ''[[International Institute for Sustainable Development]]'' ámh, bheadh an domhan níos slándála gan iad.&lt;ref name=iisd2 /&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=:0&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Underpriced and Overused: Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data 2025 Update | url = https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2025/12/20/underpriced-and-overused-fossil-fuel-subsidies-data-2025-update-572729 | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | work = imf.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:1&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-12-19 | teideal = Government support for fossil fuels remains high despite a 10% decline from 2023 to 2024 | url = https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/announcements/2025/12/government-support-for-fossil-fuels-remains-high-despite-a-10-decline.html | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | work = oecd.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=iisd&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil Fuel Subsidies Explained: Concepts and trends | url = https://www.iisd.org/articles/explainer/fossil-fuel-subsidies-explained-concepts-trends | dátarochtana = 2026-05-02 | work = iisd.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=worldbank&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Local Environmental Externalities due to Energy Price Subsidies: A Focus on Air Pollution and Health | url = https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/677081531112268818/pdf/ESRAF-note-8-Local-Environmental-Externalities-due-to-Energy-Price-Subsidies-A-Focus-on-Air-Pollution-and-Health.pdf | foilsitheoir = [[World Bank]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=owid&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil fuel subsidies: If we want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions we should not pay people to burn fossil-fuels | url = https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuel-subsidies | dátarochtana = 2021-11-04 | foilsitheoir = Our World in Data}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=earthtrack&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Protecting Nature by Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: The Role of Business | url = https://www.earthtrack.net/document/protecting-nature-reforming-environmentally-harmful-subsidies-role-business | dátarochtana = 2022-03-07 | foilsitheoir = Earth Track}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=subsidies-2022&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil Fuels Consumption Subsidies 2022 – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/fossil-fuels-consumption-subsidies-2022 | dátarochtana = 2023-02-16 | foilsitheoir = IEA | dáta = 16 Feabhra 2023 | teanga = en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=oecd2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2021 | teideal = Update on recent progress in reform of inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption | url = https://www.oecd.org/g20/topics/climate-sustainability-and-energy/OECD-IEA-G20-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-Reform-Update-2021.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Urpelainen2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Urpelainen | ainm = Johannes | last2=George | first2=Elisha | dáta = 2021-07-14 | teideal = Reforming global fossil fuel subsidies: How the United States can restart international cooperation | url = https://www.brookings.edu/research/reforming-global-fossil-fuel-subsidies-how-the-united-states-can-restart-international-cooperation/ | dátarochtana = 2022-02-26 | foilsitheoir = Brookings | teanga = en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Martinez2022&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Martinez-Alvarez | first1=Cesar B. | last2=Hazlett | first2=Chad | last3=Mahdavi | first3=Paasha | last4=Ross | first4=Michael L. | date=2022-11-22 | title=Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | language=en | volume=119 | issue=47 | article-number=e2208024119 | doi=10.1073/pnas.2208024119 | doi-access=free | issn=0027-8424 | pmc=9704748 | pmid=36375060 | bibcode=2022PNAS..11908024M}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=FT20220225&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Brower | ainm = Derek | last2=Wilson | first2=Tom | last3=Giles | first3=Chris | dáta = 2022-02-25 | teideal = The new energy shock: Putin, Ukraine and the global economy | foilsitheoir = Financial Times | url = https://www.ft.com/content/5a7ea3b8-c446-46a9-a836-fce811a97069 | dátarochtana = 2022-02-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=iisd2&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = The Surprising Route to Energy Security: Scrap fossil fuel subsidies | url = https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/route-energy-security-scrap-fossil-fuel-subsidies | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | foilsitheoir = International Institute for Sustainable Development | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>65bkeikgxew72xzwvhg9vz2epmed5yb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331960</id>
      <parentid>1331958</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:25:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tagairtí */ Catagóir</comment>
      <origin>1331960</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7040" sha1="e6n0rphcgti43xpl92q0ubpu90zqgng" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:fossil fuel subsidies per capita, World, 2021 (cropped).svg | mion | upright=1.2 | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise in aghaidh an duine]]

[[Íomhá:fossil fuel subsidies gdp, World, 2021 (cropped).svg | mion | upright=1.2 | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise mar chuid OTI]]

Is [[fóirdheontas fuinneamh]] é '''Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise''' ar [[breosla iontaise]].  Faoi shainmhíniú caol, bronnadh tuairim is $725 billiún (0.6% d'[[olltáirgeacht intíre|OTI]] domhanda)&lt;ref name=:0 /&gt; go $900 bn sa bhliain 2024.&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt;  Faoi shainmhíniú níos leithne, bronnadh totalled $6.7 trilliún (5.8% d'OTI).&lt;ref name=:0 /&gt;  Tá an chuid is mó d'fhóirdheontas í gcomhair [[Peitriliam|ola]] agus [[gás nádúrtha|gáis nádúrtha]],&lt;ref name=:1 /&gt; agus go formhór ar [[ídiú]],&lt;ref name=iisd /&gt; amhail [[cáin díolacháin]] níos lú ar gás nádúrtha le haghaidh [[téamh cónaithe]]; nó [[fóirdheontas|fóirdheontais]] ar [[táirgeadh]] amhail is [[buntáiste cánach|buntáistí cánach]] ar [[taiscéalaíocht ola agus gáis]]; nó aisce[[Seachtracht#Seachtracht dhearfach|seachtrachtaí dearfacha]] saora nó saor in aisce amhail is [[truailliú aeir]] nó [[athrú aeráide]] de bharr dhó [[peitreal|peitril]], [[díosal|díosail]] agus [[scaird-bhreosla]].  Bronntar roinnt fóirdheontas trí {{h|giniúint leictreachais}}, amhail is fóirdheontais i gcomhair {{h|gléasra cumhachta}} gualbhreoslaithe.

Dá gcuirfeadh críoch le fóirdheontais bhreosla iontaise, laghdódh [[astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa]] agus mar thoradh [[Maolú an athraithe aeráide|mhaolódh athraithe aeráide]].&lt;ref name=owid /&gt;. I dteannta sin, laghdódh [[Truailliú aeir#Iarmhairtí|rioscaí sláinte de bharr thruailliú aeir]].&lt;ref name=worldbank /&gt;  As an mbliain 2021, deirtear go gcaitear i bhfad níos mó airgid ar Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise ná ar [[fóirdheontas talmhaíochta|fóirdheontais talmhaíochta]] nó [[fóirdheontas uisce|uisce]].&lt;ref name=earthtrack /&gt;  Dar leis an {{h|Gníomhaireacht Idirnáisiúnta Fuinnimh}}, '' &quot;High fossil fuel prices hit the poor hardest, but subsidies are rarely well-targeted to protect vulnerable groups and tend to benefit better-off segments of the population.&quot;&lt;ref name=subsidies-2022 /&gt;

[[Íomhá:Fossil-fuel-subsidies.png | mion | Fóirdheontas breosla iontaise]]

In ainneoin gur gheall tíortha [[G20]] deireadh a chur le fóirdheontais bhreosla iontaise de réir a chéile,&lt;ref name=oecd2021 /&gt; tá suas an foras de bharr móréilimh&lt;ref name=Urpelainen2021 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Martinez2022 /&gt; nó [[slándáil fuinnimh]].&lt;ref name=FT20220225 /&gt;  Dar leis an ''[[International Institute for Sustainable Development]]'' ámh, bheadh an domhan níos slándála gan iad.&lt;ref name=iisd2 /&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=:0&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Underpriced and Overused: Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data 2025 Update | url = https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2025/12/20/underpriced-and-overused-fossil-fuel-subsidies-data-2025-update-572729 | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | work = imf.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=:1&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2025-12-19 | teideal = Government support for fossil fuels remains high despite a 10% decline from 2023 to 2024 | url = https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/announcements/2025/12/government-support-for-fossil-fuels-remains-high-despite-a-10-decline.html | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | work = oecd.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=iisd&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil Fuel Subsidies Explained: Concepts and trends | url = https://www.iisd.org/articles/explainer/fossil-fuel-subsidies-explained-concepts-trends | dátarochtana = 2026-05-02 | work = iisd.org | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=worldbank&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Local Environmental Externalities due to Energy Price Subsidies: A Focus on Air Pollution and Health | url = https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/677081531112268818/pdf/ESRAF-note-8-Local-Environmental-Externalities-due-to-Energy-Price-Subsidies-A-Focus-on-Air-Pollution-and-Health.pdf | foilsitheoir = [[World Bank]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=owid&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil fuel subsidies: If we want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions we should not pay people to burn fossil-fuels | url = https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuel-subsidies | dátarochtana = 2021-11-04 | foilsitheoir = Our World in Data}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=earthtrack&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Protecting Nature by Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: The Role of Business | url = https://www.earthtrack.net/document/protecting-nature-reforming-environmentally-harmful-subsidies-role-business | dátarochtana = 2022-03-07 | foilsitheoir = Earth Track}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=subsidies-2022&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Fossil Fuels Consumption Subsidies 2022 – Analysis | url = https://www.iea.org/reports/fossil-fuels-consumption-subsidies-2022 | dátarochtana = 2023-02-16 | foilsitheoir = IEA | dáta = 16 Feabhra 2023 | teanga = en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=oecd2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | dáta = 2021 | teideal = Update on recent progress in reform of inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption | url = https://www.oecd.org/g20/topics/climate-sustainability-and-energy/OECD-IEA-G20-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-Reform-Update-2021.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Urpelainen2021&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Urpelainen | ainm = Johannes | last2=George | first2=Elisha | dáta = 2021-07-14 | teideal = Reforming global fossil fuel subsidies: How the United States can restart international cooperation | url = https://www.brookings.edu/research/reforming-global-fossil-fuel-subsidies-how-the-united-states-can-restart-international-cooperation/ | dátarochtana = 2022-02-26 | foilsitheoir = Brookings | teanga = en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Martinez2022&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Martinez-Alvarez | first1=Cesar B. | last2=Hazlett | first2=Chad | last3=Mahdavi | first3=Paasha | last4=Ross | first4=Michael L. | date=2022-11-22 | title=Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | language=en | volume=119 | issue=47 | article-number=e2208024119 | doi=10.1073/pnas.2208024119 | doi-access=free | issn=0027-8424 | pmc=9704748 | pmid=36375060 | bibcode=2022PNAS..11908024M}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=FT20220225&gt;{{cite news | sloinne = Brower | ainm = Derek | last2=Wilson | first2=Tom | last3=Giles | first3=Chris | dáta = 2022-02-25 | teideal = The new energy shock: Putin, Ukraine and the global economy | foilsitheoir = Financial Times | url = https://www.ft.com/content/5a7ea3b8-c446-46a9-a836-fce811a97069 | dátarochtana = 2022-02-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=iisd2&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = The Surprising Route to Energy Security: Scrap fossil fuel subsidies | url = https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/route-energy-security-scrap-fossil-fuel-subsidies | dátarochtana = 2026-03-31 | foilsitheoir = International Institute for Sustainable Development | teanga = en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Breoslaí iontaise]]</text>
      <sha1>e6n0rphcgti43xpl92q0ubpu90zqgng</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cairbíd alúmanaim</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331964</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:37:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380033842|Aluminium carbide]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>1331964</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7671" sha1="rh1klt6bnkuz3rlcclzss6t7r5lakz9" xml:space="preserve">Is [[comhdhúil cheimiceach]] í '''cairbíd alúmanaim''' leis an [[Foirmle cheimiceach|bhfoirmle cheimiceach seo a leanas]] {{Chem2|Al4C3}} . Is [[cairbíd]] [[Alúmanam|alúmanaim í]] . Tá cuma criostail ó bhuí-éadrom go donn uirthi. Bíonn sí cobhsaí suas le {{Convert|1400|C|F}} . Dianscaoileann sí in [[uisce]] agus [[meatán]] á tháirgeadh.

== Ullmhúchán ==
Ullmhaítear cairbíd alúmanaim trí imoibriú díreach alúmanaim agus carbóin i [[Foirnéis stua leictrigh|bhfoirnéis stua leictreach]] . 

: h{{Chem2|4 Al + 3 C -&gt; Al4C3}}

Tosaíonn imoibriú malartach le alúmana, ach níl sé chomh fabhrach mar gheall ar [[Aonocsaíd charbóin|aonocsaíde carbóin]] a ghiniúint.

: {{Chem2|2 Al2O3 + 9 C -&gt; Al4C3 + 6 CO}}

Imoibríonn [[cairbíd sileacain]] le alúmanam freisin chun {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a tháirgeadh.  Cuireann an tiontú seo teorainn le feidhmeanna meicniúla SiC, mar gheall ar {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a bheith níos sobhriste ná SiC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGstB0vDe04C&amp;pg=PA315|title=Composite Materials: Functional Materials for Modern Technologies|author=Deborah D. L. Chung|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84882-830-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

: {{Chem2|4 Al + 3 SiC -&gt; Al4C3 + 3 Si}}

== Imoibrithe ==
Hidrealúisíonn cairbíd alúmanaim agus scaoiltear meatán &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rzI9AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA102|title=Qualitative Inorganic Analysis|publisher=CUP Archive|year=1954}}&lt;/ref&gt;  agus méid suntasach teasa dá bharr. &lt;ref name=&quot;EncyclopediaExplosives&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Kaye|first=Seymour M.|title=Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items. Volume 10|date=1 January 1983|publisher=Picatinny Arsenal|location=Dover, NJ|pages=W10-W11|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA134347.pdf?page=309|access-date=25 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

: {{Chem2|Al4C3 + 12 H2O -&gt; 4 Al(OH)3 + 3 CH4}}

Fuarthas amach i staidéar amháin go sroicheann 10g de {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a chuirtear le 10g d'uisce uasteocht de 197 °C ag a 11 nóiméad, agus i staidéar eile gur shroich 20g de {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a chuirtear le 10g d'uisce uasteocht de 138 °C. Nuair a aisiompaíodh an t-ord agus 10g d'uisce a chur le 20g de {{Chem2|Al4C3}}  sroicheadh uasteocht de 176 °C . &lt;ref name=&quot;EncyclopediaExplosives&quot; /&gt;

Tarlaíonn imoibrithe comhchosúla le himoibrithe prótacha eile: 

: {{Chem2|Al4C3 + 12 HCl -&gt; 4 AlCl3 + 3 CH4}}

=== Comhchodanna ===
Táirgeann brú iseastatach te imoibríoch ag ≈40 meigeapascal (390 atm) de meascáin chuí de Ti,{{Chem2|Al4C3}}-graifít, ar feadh 15 uair an chloig ag 1,300 °C,  samplaí aonphasacha den chuid is mó de {{Chem2|Ti2AlC0.5N0.5}}, 30 uair an chloig ag {{Convert|1300|C|F}}; táirgeann 30 uair ag 1,300 °C (2,370 °F) samplaí aonphasacha den chuid is mó de {{Chem2|Ti2AlC}} carbaíd alúmanaim tíotáiniam). &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Barsoum|first=M.W.|date=30 June 1999|title=Processing and characterization of Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;AlC, Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;AlN, and Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;AlC&lt;sub&gt;0.5&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;0.5&lt;/sub&gt;|journal=Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A|volume=31|issue=7|pages=1857–1865|doi=10.1007/s11661-006-0243-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I gcomhdhúile maitrís-alúmanaim atá treisithe le cairbíd sileacain, gineann na himoibrithe ceimiceacha, idir cairbíd sileacain agus alúmanam leáite, ciseal de chairbíd alúmanaim ar na cáithníní cairbíde sileacain, rud a laghdaíonn neart an ábhair, cé go méadaíonn sé fliuchthacht na gcáithníní SiC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Urena|title=Scanning and transmission electron microscopy study of the microstructural changes occurring in aluminium matrix composites reinforced with SiC particles during casting and welding: interface reactions|year=1999|journal=[[Journal of Microscopy]]|volume=196|issue=2|pages=124–136|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2818.1999.00610.x|pmid=10540265}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir an claonadh seo a laghdú trí na cáithníní cairbíde sileacain a chumhdach le hocsaíd nó nítríd oiriúnach, trí réamhocsaídiú na gcáithníní chun bratú silice a fhoirmiú, nó trí chiseal de mhiotal íobartach a úsáid.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://mmc-assess.tuwien.ac.at/data/prm/duralcan/a359_sic.htm|title=A359/SiC/xxp: A359 Al alloy reinforced with irregularly shaped SiC particles|author=Guillermo Requena|publisher=MMC-ASSESS Metal Matrix Composites|access-date=2007-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815161346/http://mmc-assess.tuwien.ac.at/data/prm/duralcan/a359_sic.htm|archive-date=2007-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is féidir ábhar ilchodach cairbíde alúmanaim-alúmanaim a dhéanamh trí chóimhiotalú meicniúil, trí phúdar alúmanaim a mheascadh le cáithníní [[Graifít|graifíte]] . 

== Struchtúr ==
Tá struchtúr criostail neamhghnách ag cairbíd alúmanaim atá comhdhéanta de shraitheanna malartacha de {{Chem2|Al2C}} agus {{Chem2|Al2C2}}. Tá gach adamh alúmanaim comhordaithe le 4 adamh carbóin chun socrú teitrihéidreach a thabhairt. Bíonn adaimh charbóin ann i 2 thimpeallacht nasctha éagsúla; is ochtaihéadrán dífhoirmithe de 6 adamh Al ag achar 217 pm é ceann acu. Is struchtúr tríogánach déphirimideach díchumtha é an ceann eile ina bhfuil 4 adamh Al ag 190–194 pm agus cúigiú adamh Al ag 221 pm.  &lt;ref name=&quot;SolozhenkoKurakevych2005&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Solozhenko|first=Vladimir L.|title=Equation of state of aluminum carbide Al&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;|journal=Solid State Communications|volume=133|issue=6|year=2005|pages=385–388|issn=0038-1098|doi=10.1016/j.ssc.2004.11.030|bibcode=2005SSCom.133..385S}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarlú ==
Is eisíontas coitianta i gcarbíd chailciam theicniúil icniúil iad méideanna beaga de charbíd alúmanaim. I ndéantúsaíocht  leictrealaíoch alúmanaim, foirmíonn cairbíd alúmanaim mar tháirge creimthe  de na leictreoidí graifíte. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Thonstad|first=Jomar|title=Aluminium electrolysis: fundamentals of the Hall Héroult process|date=2001|publisher=Aluminium-Verlag Marketing &amp; Kommunikation|location=Düsseldorf, Germany|isbn=978-3-87017-270-1|edition=3rd}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I gcomhdhúile maitríse miotail atá bunaithe ar mhaitrís alúmanaim atá treisithe le cairbídí neamh-mhiotail ( [[cairbíd sileacain]], cairbíd bhóróin, srl.) nó snáithíní carbóin, is minic a fhoirmítear cairbíd alúmanaim mar tháirge nach dteastaíonn. I gcás snáithín carbóin, imoibríonn sé leis an mhaitrís alúmanaim ag teochtaí os cionn 500 °C; Má '''clúdaítear''' an snáithín le substaint ar nós bóiríd tíotáiniam, féadtar feabhas a chur ar fhliuchadh agus bac a chur ar an imoibriú ceimiceach. 

== Feidhmeanna ==
Laghdaíonn cáithníní cairbíde alúmanaim atá scaipthe go mín i mhaitrís alúmanaim an claonadh atá ag an ábhar chun [[Snámhaíocht|sníomh]], go háirithe i gcomhcheangal le cáithníní [[Cairbíd sileacain|cairbíde sileacain]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Zhu|first1=S.J|last2=Peng|first2=L.M|last3=Zhou|first3=Q|last4=Ma|first4=Z.Y|last5=Kuchařová|first5=K|last6=Čadek|first6=J|title=Creep behaviour of aluminium strengthened by fine aluminium carbide particles and reinforced by silicon carbide particulates — DS Al–SiC/Al4C3 composites|journal=Materials Science and Engineering: A|date=August 1999|volume=268|issue=1-2|pages=236–245|doi=10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01119-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is féidir cairbíd alúmanaim a úsáid mar [[scríobach]] in uirlisí gearrtha ardluais.  Tá an cruas céanna aige agus atá ag tópás  . 

== Féach freisin ==

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Catagóir:Alt le tuairisc ghearr]]
[[Catagóir:Leathanaigh le haistriúcháin neamh-mheasúnaithe]]</text>
      <sha1>rh1klt6bnkuz3rlcclzss6t7r5lakz9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331965</id>
      <parentid>1331964</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:40:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1331965</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7670" sha1="9hooqs8ogsp8fuy7ua7bm9zlh73b863" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Dúil Cheimiceach}}
Is [[comhdhúil cheimiceach]] í '''cairbíd alúmanaim''' leis an [[Foirmle cheimiceach|bhfoirmle cheimiceach seo a leanas]] {{Chem2|Al4C3}} . Is [[cairbíd]] [[Alúmanam|alúmanaim í]] . Tá cuma criostail ó bhuí-éadrom go donn uirthi. Bíonn sí cobhsaí suas le {{Convert|1400|C|F}} . Dianscaoileann sí in [[uisce]] agus [[meatán]] á tháirgeadh.

== Ullmhúchán ==
Ullmhaítear cairbíd alúmanaim trí imoibriú díreach alúmanaim agus carbóin i [[Foirnéis stua leictrigh|bhfoirnéis stua leictreach]] . 

: h{{Chem2|4 Al + 3 C -&gt; Al4C3}}

Tosaíonn imoibriú malartach le alúmana, ach níl sé chomh fabhrach mar gheall ar [[Aonocsaíd charbóin|aonocsaíde carbóin]] a ghiniúint.

: {{Chem2|2 Al2O3 + 9 C -&gt; Al4C3 + 6 CO}}

Imoibríonn [[cairbíd sileacain]] le alúmanam freisin chun {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a tháirgeadh.  Cuireann an tiontú seo teorainn le feidhmeanna meicniúla SiC, mar gheall ar {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a bheith níos sobhriste ná SiC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGstB0vDe04C&amp;pg=PA315|title=Composite Materials: Functional Materials for Modern Technologies|author=Deborah D. L. Chung|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84882-830-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

: {{Chem2|4 Al + 3 SiC -&gt; Al4C3 + 3 Si}}

== Imoibrithe ==
Hidrealúisíonn cairbíd alúmanaim agus scaoiltear meatán &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rzI9AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA102|title=Qualitative Inorganic Analysis|publisher=CUP Archive|year=1954}}&lt;/ref&gt;  agus méid suntasach teasa dá bharr. &lt;ref name=&quot;EncyclopediaExplosives&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Kaye|first=Seymour M.|title=Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items. Volume 10|date=1 January 1983|publisher=Picatinny Arsenal|location=Dover, NJ|pages=W10-W11|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA134347.pdf?page=309|access-date=25 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

: {{Chem2|Al4C3 + 12 H2O -&gt; 4 Al(OH)3 + 3 CH4}}

Fuarthas amach i staidéar amháin go sroicheann 10g de {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a chuirtear le 10g d'uisce uasteocht de 197 °C ag a 11 nóiméad, agus i staidéar eile gur shroich 20g de {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a chuirtear le 10g d'uisce uasteocht de 138 °C. Nuair a aisiompaíodh an t-ord agus 10g d'uisce a chur le 20g de {{Chem2|Al4C3}}  sroicheadh uasteocht de 176 °C . &lt;ref name=&quot;EncyclopediaExplosives&quot; /&gt;

Tarlaíonn imoibrithe comhchosúla le himoibrithe prótacha eile: 

: {{Chem2|Al4C3 + 12 HCl -&gt; 4 AlCl3 + 3 CH4}}

=== Comhchodanna ===
Táirgeann brú iseastatach te imoibríoch ag ≈40 meigeapascal (390 atm) de meascáin chuí de Ti,{{Chem2|Al4C3}}-graifít, ar feadh 15 uair an chloig ag 1,300 °C,  samplaí aonphasacha den chuid is mó de {{Chem2|Ti2AlC0.5N0.5}}, 30 uair an chloig ag {{Convert|1300|C|F}}; táirgeann 30 uair ag 1,300 °C (2,370 °F) samplaí aonphasacha den chuid is mó de {{Chem2|Ti2AlC}} carbaíd alúmanaim tíotáiniam). &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Barsoum|first=M.W.|date=30 June 1999|title=Processing and characterization of Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;AlC, Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;AlN, and Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;AlC&lt;sub&gt;0.5&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;0.5&lt;/sub&gt;|journal=Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A|volume=31|issue=7|pages=1857–1865|doi=10.1007/s11661-006-0243-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I gcomhdhúile maitrís-alúmanaim atá treisithe le cairbíd sileacain, gineann na himoibrithe ceimiceacha, idir cairbíd sileacain agus alúmanam leáite, ciseal de chairbíd alúmanaim ar na cáithníní cairbíde sileacain, rud a laghdaíonn neart an ábhair, cé go méadaíonn sé fliuchthacht na gcáithníní SiC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Urena|title=Scanning and transmission electron microscopy study of the microstructural changes occurring in aluminium matrix composites reinforced with SiC particles during casting and welding: interface reactions|year=1999|journal=[[Journal of Microscopy]]|volume=196|issue=2|pages=124–136|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2818.1999.00610.x|pmid=10540265}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir an claonadh seo a laghdú trí na cáithníní cairbíde sileacain a chumhdach le hocsaíd nó nítríd oiriúnach, trí réamhocsaídiú na gcáithníní chun bratú silice a fhoirmiú, nó trí chiseal de mhiotal íobartach a úsáid.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://mmc-assess.tuwien.ac.at/data/prm/duralcan/a359_sic.htm|title=A359/SiC/xxp: A359 Al alloy reinforced with irregularly shaped SiC particles|author=Guillermo Requena|publisher=MMC-ASSESS Metal Matrix Composites|access-date=2007-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815161346/http://mmc-assess.tuwien.ac.at/data/prm/duralcan/a359_sic.htm|archive-date=2007-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is féidir ábhar ilchodach cairbíde alúmanaim-alúmanaim a dhéanamh trí chóimhiotalú meicniúil, trí phúdar alúmanaim a mheascadh le cáithníní [[Graifít|graifíte]] . 

== Struchtúr ==
Tá struchtúr criostail neamhghnách ag cairbíd alúmanaim atá comhdhéanta de shraitheanna malartacha de {{Chem2|Al2C}} agus {{Chem2|Al2C2}}. Tá gach adamh alúmanaim comhordaithe le 4 adamh carbóin chun socrú teitrihéidreach a thabhairt. Bíonn adaimh charbóin ann i 2 thimpeallacht nasctha éagsúla; is ochtaihéadrán dífhoirmithe de 6 adamh Al ag achar 217 pm é ceann acu. Is struchtúr tríogánach déphirimideach díchumtha é an ceann eile ina bhfuil 4 adamh Al ag 190–194 pm agus cúigiú adamh Al ag 221 pm.  &lt;ref name=&quot;SolozhenkoKurakevych2005&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Solozhenko|first=Vladimir L.|title=Equation of state of aluminum carbide Al&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;|journal=Solid State Communications|volume=133|issue=6|year=2005|pages=385–388|issn=0038-1098|doi=10.1016/j.ssc.2004.11.030|bibcode=2005SSCom.133..385S}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarlú ==
Is eisíontas coitianta i gcarbíd chailciam theicniúil icniúil iad méideanna beaga de charbíd alúmanaim. I ndéantúsaíocht  leictrealaíoch alúmanaim, foirmíonn cairbíd alúmanaim mar tháirge creimthe  de na leictreoidí graifíte. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Thonstad|first=Jomar|title=Aluminium electrolysis: fundamentals of the Hall Héroult process|date=2001|publisher=Aluminium-Verlag Marketing &amp; Kommunikation|location=Düsseldorf, Germany|isbn=978-3-87017-270-1|edition=3rd}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I gcomhdhúile maitríse miotail atá bunaithe ar mhaitrís alúmanaim atá treisithe le cairbídí neamh-mhiotail ( [[cairbíd sileacain]], cairbíd bhóróin, srl.) nó snáithíní carbóin, is minic a fhoirmítear cairbíd alúmanaim mar tháirge nach dteastaíonn. I gcás snáithín carbóin, imoibríonn sé leis an mhaitrís alúmanaim ag teochtaí os cionn 500 °C; Má '''clúdaítear''' an snáithín le substaint ar nós bóiríd tíotáiniam, féadtar feabhas a chur ar fhliuchadh agus bac a chur ar an imoibriú ceimiceach. 

== Feidhmeanna ==
Laghdaíonn cáithníní cairbíde alúmanaim atá scaipthe go mín i mhaitrís alúmanaim an claonadh atá ag an ábhar chun [[Snámhaíocht|sníomh]], go háirithe i gcomhcheangal le cáithníní [[Cairbíd sileacain|cairbíde sileacain]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Zhu|first1=S.J|last2=Peng|first2=L.M|last3=Zhou|first3=Q|last4=Ma|first4=Z.Y|last5=Kuchařová|first5=K|last6=Čadek|first6=J|title=Creep behaviour of aluminium strengthened by fine aluminium carbide particles and reinforced by silicon carbide particulates — DS Al–SiC/Al4C3 composites|journal=Materials Science and Engineering: A|date=August 1999|volume=268|issue=1-2|pages=236–245|doi=10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01119-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is féidir cairbíd alúmanaim a úsáid mar [[scríobach]] in uirlisí gearrtha ardluais.  Tá an cruas céanna aige agus atá ag tópás  . 

== Féach freisin ==

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Catagóir:Carbaídí]]
[[Catagóir:Comhdhúile alúmanaim]]</text>
      <sha1>9hooqs8ogsp8fuy7ua7bm9zlh73b863</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1331966</id>
      <parentid>1331965</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:40:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Tarlú */</comment>
      <origin>1331966</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7664" sha1="5rqxxlef1tvjggn4orp40tvwds9xv9o" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Dúil Cheimiceach}}
Is [[comhdhúil cheimiceach]] í '''cairbíd alúmanaim''' leis an [[Foirmle cheimiceach|bhfoirmle cheimiceach seo a leanas]] {{Chem2|Al4C3}} . Is [[cairbíd]] [[Alúmanam|alúmanaim í]] . Tá cuma criostail ó bhuí-éadrom go donn uirthi. Bíonn sí cobhsaí suas le {{Convert|1400|C|F}} . Dianscaoileann sí in [[uisce]] agus [[meatán]] á tháirgeadh.

== Ullmhúchán ==
Ullmhaítear cairbíd alúmanaim trí imoibriú díreach alúmanaim agus carbóin i [[Foirnéis stua leictrigh|bhfoirnéis stua leictreach]] . 

: h{{Chem2|4 Al + 3 C -&gt; Al4C3}}

Tosaíonn imoibriú malartach le alúmana, ach níl sé chomh fabhrach mar gheall ar [[Aonocsaíd charbóin|aonocsaíde carbóin]] a ghiniúint.

: {{Chem2|2 Al2O3 + 9 C -&gt; Al4C3 + 6 CO}}

Imoibríonn [[cairbíd sileacain]] le alúmanam freisin chun {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a tháirgeadh.  Cuireann an tiontú seo teorainn le feidhmeanna meicniúla SiC, mar gheall ar {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a bheith níos sobhriste ná SiC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGstB0vDe04C&amp;pg=PA315|title=Composite Materials: Functional Materials for Modern Technologies|author=Deborah D. L. Chung|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84882-830-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

: {{Chem2|4 Al + 3 SiC -&gt; Al4C3 + 3 Si}}

== Imoibrithe ==
Hidrealúisíonn cairbíd alúmanaim agus scaoiltear meatán &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rzI9AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA102|title=Qualitative Inorganic Analysis|publisher=CUP Archive|year=1954}}&lt;/ref&gt;  agus méid suntasach teasa dá bharr. &lt;ref name=&quot;EncyclopediaExplosives&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Kaye|first=Seymour M.|title=Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items. Volume 10|date=1 January 1983|publisher=Picatinny Arsenal|location=Dover, NJ|pages=W10-W11|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA134347.pdf?page=309|access-date=25 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

: {{Chem2|Al4C3 + 12 H2O -&gt; 4 Al(OH)3 + 3 CH4}}

Fuarthas amach i staidéar amháin go sroicheann 10g de {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a chuirtear le 10g d'uisce uasteocht de 197 °C ag a 11 nóiméad, agus i staidéar eile gur shroich 20g de {{Chem2|Al4C3}} a chuirtear le 10g d'uisce uasteocht de 138 °C. Nuair a aisiompaíodh an t-ord agus 10g d'uisce a chur le 20g de {{Chem2|Al4C3}}  sroicheadh uasteocht de 176 °C . &lt;ref name=&quot;EncyclopediaExplosives&quot; /&gt;

Tarlaíonn imoibrithe comhchosúla le himoibrithe prótacha eile: 

: {{Chem2|Al4C3 + 12 HCl -&gt; 4 AlCl3 + 3 CH4}}

=== Comhchodanna ===
Táirgeann brú iseastatach te imoibríoch ag ≈40 meigeapascal (390 atm) de meascáin chuí de Ti,{{Chem2|Al4C3}}-graifít, ar feadh 15 uair an chloig ag 1,300 °C,  samplaí aonphasacha den chuid is mó de {{Chem2|Ti2AlC0.5N0.5}}, 30 uair an chloig ag {{Convert|1300|C|F}}; táirgeann 30 uair ag 1,300 °C (2,370 °F) samplaí aonphasacha den chuid is mó de {{Chem2|Ti2AlC}} carbaíd alúmanaim tíotáiniam). &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Barsoum|first=M.W.|date=30 June 1999|title=Processing and characterization of Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;AlC, Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;AlN, and Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;AlC&lt;sub&gt;0.5&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;0.5&lt;/sub&gt;|journal=Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A|volume=31|issue=7|pages=1857–1865|doi=10.1007/s11661-006-0243-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I gcomhdhúile maitrís-alúmanaim atá treisithe le cairbíd sileacain, gineann na himoibrithe ceimiceacha, idir cairbíd sileacain agus alúmanam leáite, ciseal de chairbíd alúmanaim ar na cáithníní cairbíde sileacain, rud a laghdaíonn neart an ábhair, cé go méadaíonn sé fliuchthacht na gcáithníní SiC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Urena|title=Scanning and transmission electron microscopy study of the microstructural changes occurring in aluminium matrix composites reinforced with SiC particles during casting and welding: interface reactions|year=1999|journal=[[Journal of Microscopy]]|volume=196|issue=2|pages=124–136|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2818.1999.00610.x|pmid=10540265}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir an claonadh seo a laghdú trí na cáithníní cairbíde sileacain a chumhdach le hocsaíd nó nítríd oiriúnach, trí réamhocsaídiú na gcáithníní chun bratú silice a fhoirmiú, nó trí chiseal de mhiotal íobartach a úsáid.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://mmc-assess.tuwien.ac.at/data/prm/duralcan/a359_sic.htm|title=A359/SiC/xxp: A359 Al alloy reinforced with irregularly shaped SiC particles|author=Guillermo Requena|publisher=MMC-ASSESS Metal Matrix Composites|access-date=2007-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815161346/http://mmc-assess.tuwien.ac.at/data/prm/duralcan/a359_sic.htm|archive-date=2007-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is féidir ábhar ilchodach cairbíde alúmanaim-alúmanaim a dhéanamh trí chóimhiotalú meicniúil, trí phúdar alúmanaim a mheascadh le cáithníní [[Graifít|graifíte]] . 

== Struchtúr ==
Tá struchtúr criostail neamhghnách ag cairbíd alúmanaim atá comhdhéanta de shraitheanna malartacha de {{Chem2|Al2C}} agus {{Chem2|Al2C2}}. Tá gach adamh alúmanaim comhordaithe le 4 adamh carbóin chun socrú teitrihéidreach a thabhairt. Bíonn adaimh charbóin ann i 2 thimpeallacht nasctha éagsúla; is ochtaihéadrán dífhoirmithe de 6 adamh Al ag achar 217 pm é ceann acu. Is struchtúr tríogánach déphirimideach díchumtha é an ceann eile ina bhfuil 4 adamh Al ag 190–194 pm agus cúigiú adamh Al ag 221 pm.  &lt;ref name=&quot;SolozhenkoKurakevych2005&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Solozhenko|first=Vladimir L.|title=Equation of state of aluminum carbide Al&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;|journal=Solid State Communications|volume=133|issue=6|year=2005|pages=385–388|issn=0038-1098|doi=10.1016/j.ssc.2004.11.030|bibcode=2005SSCom.133..385S}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarlú ==
Is eisíontas coitianta i gcarbíd chailciam theicniúil icniúil iad méideanna beaga de charbíd alúmanaim. I ndéantúsaíocht  leictrealaíoch alúmanaim, foirmíonn cairbíd alúmanaim mar tháirge creimthe  de na leictreoidí graifíte. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Thonstad|first=Jomar|title=Aluminium electrolysis: fundamentals of the Hall Héroult process|date=2001|publisher=Aluminium-Verlag Marketing &amp; Kommunikation|location=Düsseldorf, Germany|isbn=978-3-87017-270-1|edition=3rd}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I gcomhdhúile maitríse miotail atá bunaithe ar mhaitrís alúmanaim atá treisithe le cairbídí neamh-mhiotail ( [[cairbíd sileacain]], cairbíd bhóróin, srl.) nó snáithíní carbóin, is minic a fhoirmítear cairbíd alúmanaim mar tháirge nach dteastaíonn. I gcás snáithín carbóin, imoibríonn sé leis an mhaitrís alúmanaim ag teochtaí os cionn 500 °C; Má clúdaítear an snáithín le substaint ar nós bóiríd tíotáiniam, féadtar feabhas a chur ar fhliuchadh agus bac a chur ar an imoibriú ceimiceach. 

== Feidhmeanna ==
Laghdaíonn cáithníní cairbíde alúmanaim atá scaipthe go mín i mhaitrís alúmanaim an claonadh atá ag an ábhar chun [[Snámhaíocht|sníomh]], go háirithe i gcomhcheangal le cáithníní [[Cairbíd sileacain|cairbíde sileacain]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Zhu|first1=S.J|last2=Peng|first2=L.M|last3=Zhou|first3=Q|last4=Ma|first4=Z.Y|last5=Kuchařová|first5=K|last6=Čadek|first6=J|title=Creep behaviour of aluminium strengthened by fine aluminium carbide particles and reinforced by silicon carbide particulates — DS Al–SiC/Al4C3 composites|journal=Materials Science and Engineering: A|date=August 1999|volume=268|issue=1-2|pages=236–245|doi=10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01119-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is féidir cairbíd alúmanaim a úsáid mar [[scríobach]] in uirlisí gearrtha ardluais.  Tá an cruas céanna aige agus atá ag tópás  . 

== Féach freisin ==

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Catagóir:Carbaídí]]
[[Catagóir:Comhdhúile alúmanaim]]</text>
      <sha1>5rqxxlef1tvjggn4orp40tvwds9xv9o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>An t-Eilean</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128809</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1331999</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:06:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362930731|An t-Eilean]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>1331999</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7191" sha1="a6gksmv59ho09ilusxx5zfwqk570jn0" xml:space="preserve">
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Infobox television/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

Is sraith teilifíse drámaíochta coireachta i n[[Gaeilge na hAlban]] í '''''{{Lang|gd|An t-Eilean}}''''' (''An tOileán'') a léirigh Black Camel Pictures ar son BBC Alba agus a céadcraoladh i mí Eanáir 2025.

== Bunús an scéil ==
In [[Na hOileáin Siar|Oileáin Siar na hAlban]], filleann ceathrar deartháireacha agus deirfiúracha de chlann MhicIlleathain (Eilidh, Calum, Ruaraidh agus Sìne) ar thigh a muintire tar éis bhás a máthar, an bhantiarna Màiri, de lámhaigh, agus a n-athair, an tiarna Dùghlas, á cheistiú ag na póilíní.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.scottishfield.co.uk/uncategorized/bbc-alba-gaelic-drama-series-set-to-hit-international-screens/|title=BBC ALBA: Gaelic drama series set to hit international screens|author=Forbes|first=Ellie|date=18 March 2024|work=Scottish Field|access-date=13 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá Kat Crichton, iar-chónaitheoir ann, tar éis bheith ceaptha mar oifigeach idirchaidrimh teaghlaigh do chlann MhicIlleathain ag a saoiste, an ceannfort bleachtaireachta Ahmed Halim. Tá an chuma air agus an scéal ina thús gur robáil a chuaigh abar a bhí faoi deara bhás Mhàiri, agus Dùghlas gortaithe go dona ag ionróir masctha le gunna.

== Cliar ==

* Sorcha Groundsell mar Kat Crichton: oifigeach idirchaidrimh teaghlaigh atá lonnaithe in [[Inbhir Nis]], iar-chónaitheoir sna [[Na Hearadh|Hearadh]]
* Sagar Radia mar DCI Ahmed Halim: oifigeach imscrúdaithe sinsearach, saoiste Khat
* Iain MacRath mar an tiarna Dùghlas MacIlleathain: athair uasal an teaghlaigh, fear gnó saibhir gan trócaire
* Elspeth Turner mar an bhantiarna Màiri MhicIlleathain: bean chéile Dhùghlais, máthair Chaluim, Ruaraidh agus Shíne
* Sinéad NicAonghais mar Eilidh NicIlleathain: iníon uchtaithe
* Anndra MacAonghais mar Chalum MacIlleathain: iar-cheoltóir, go mór i bhfiacha, fear céile Tracey, athair Dougie
* Meredith Brook mar Shìne MacIlleathain: dochtúir, an deirfiúr is óige
* Sam James Smith as Ruaraidh MacIlleathain: mac óg
* Coinneach Boyle mar An Dotair
* Colin McCredie mar an póilín Alan Irons
* Sharyn Ferguson mar Tracey: bean chéile Chaluim, máthair Dougie

== Scannánú ==
Scéal le Nicholas Osborne, arna chomhscríobh ag Patsi NicCoinnich, atá ag an sraith ceithre pháirt seo. Léirigh Black Camel Pictures é agus b'é Tom Sullivan an stiúrthóir. Dúirt Arabella Page Croft, ardreachtaire Black Camel Pictures, gurb é &quot;an chéad dráma ar scothchaighdeán i nGàidhlig na hAlban a rinneadh in Albain riamh&quot; é.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/24188307.bbc-alba-announces-first-high-end-gaelic-drama-series/|title=BBC ALBA announces first high-end Gaelic drama series|date=15 March 2024|work=Herald Scotland|access-date=13 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá buiséad £1M in aghaidh an eipeasóid ag an tsraith.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/24228352.casting-call-4m-bbc-series-isle-lewis-harris/|title=Locals wanted to star in new high-end Gaelic drama series|date=3 April 2024|work=Herald Scotland|access-date=13 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Aibreáin 2024, roghnaíodh Sorcha Groundsell, Elspeth Turner agus Iain MacRath do na príomhrólanna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cydre840jg0o|title=Cast announced for BBC's first Gaelic crime thriller|date=18 April 2024|work=BBC News|access-date=18 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ina dteannta sin, tá ról ag Sagar Radia sa tsraith.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy09dd4d2dyo.amp|title=First look at BBC's most expensive Gaelic drama|date=10 December 2024|work=bbc.com|access-date=11 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rinneadh an phríomh-scannánú ar na [[Na Hearadh|Hearadh, Inse Gall]], i mí Aibreáin 2024 agus bhí [[Caisleán Abhainn Suidhe|Caisleán Amhuinn Suidhe]] sna láithreacha scannánaíochta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/apr/13/an-t-eilean-outer-hebrides-drama-scots-gaelic|title=An t-Eilean: £1m-an-episode drama to bring Outer Hebrides to global audience|author=Carrell|first=Severin|date=13 April 2024|work=The Guardian|access-date=13 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rinneadh an cinneadh síneadh a chur leis an sraith sa bhliain 2026, agus an scannánú beartaithe d'earrach na bliana céanna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cge81zngp7yo|title=BBC's big budget Gaelic crime drama to return for second series|date=17 Feb 2026|work=BBC News|access-date=18 Feb 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Craoladh ==
Craoladh an tsraith ón 14 Eanáir 2025 ar BBC Alba, mar aon leis an sraith iomlán ar iPlayer an BBC. Craoladh é mar chlár dúbailte ar [[BBC Four|BBC 4]] mar mhír dhrámaíochta oíche Shathairn ón 15 Feabhra 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.westcoasttoday.co.uk/news/are-you-ready-for-the-island|title=Are you ready for The Island?|author=Griffiths|first=Kathie|date=March 20, 2024|work=West Coast Today|access-date=13 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.westcoasttoday.co.uk/media-library/an-t-eilean-beach-bbc-albas-the-island-a-four-part-series-out-in-2025-is-set-to-put-gaelic-language-drama-on-the-global-map-says-its-makers|title=An t-Eilean Beach. BBC Alba's The Island, a four-part series out in 2025, is set to put Gaelic-language drama on the global map says its makers|work=West Coast Today|access-date=13 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Díoladh an tsraith thar sáille freisin, lena n-áirítear leis an gcraoltóir poiblí Danmhargach Danmarks Radio.

== Glacadh ==
Agus í ag scríobh don ''[[The Guardian|Guardian]]'', rinne Rebecca Nicholson cur síos ar an suíomh mar áit &quot;a bhainfeadh an anáil díot&quot; lena háille agus mhol sí aisteoireacht Groundsell, ag cur síos ar an tsraith ina hiomláine mar &quot;dhráma coireachta maith tathagach, bíodh nach bhfuil treascairt an tseánra ann&quot; agus mhothaigh sí go raibh sé thar am go ndéanfaí dráma i nGaeilge na hAlban i bhfianaise rath sraitheanna eile i dteangacha iasachta le blianta beaga anuas a chruthaigh nárbh aon bhac iad na fotheidil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2025/jan/14/an-t-eilean-review-this-gaelic-language-drama-should-have-happened-years-ago|title=An t-Eilean review – this Gaelic language crime drama should have happened years ago|date=14 January 2025|work=The Guardian|access-date=22 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Aibreáin 2025, ghnóthaigh an tsraith duais na drámaíochta agus na siamsaíochta ag Prix Circom 2025, gradaim teilifíse idirnáisiúnta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/scotland/article/international-prize-for-gaelic-thriller-an-t-eilean-jvxs2j5hw|title=International prize for Gaelic thriller An t-Eilean|author=Merritt|first=Matt|date=20 April 2025|work=The Times|access-date=22 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ainmníodh é don Sraith Scripte is Fearr ag Gradaim Acadamh na Breataine in Albain 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bafta.org/awards/scotland/|title=BAFTA Scotland Awards|date=16 Nov 2025|work=Bafta.org|access-date=17 Nov 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Nascanna amach ==

* {{Imdb title|31921411}}</text>
      <sha1>a6gksmv59ho09ilusxx5zfwqk570jn0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332078</id>
      <parentid>1331999</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:32:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cuid mhaith curtha leis</comment>
      <origin>1332078</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12270" sha1="f63tx066wftfg7g8xh9pojgyonosqv8" xml:space="preserve">{{Teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Sraith Teilifíse}}

Is sraith teilifíse drámaíochta [[Coireacht|coireachta]] i n[[Gaeilge na hAlban]] í '''''{{Lang|gd|An t-Eilean}}''''' (''An tOileán'') a léirigh Black Camel Pictures ar son [[BBC Alba]] agus a céadcraoladh i mí Eanáir 2025.

[[Íomhá:Abhainsuidhe Castle.jpg|mion|Is é [[Caisleán Abhainn Suidhe|Caisleán Abhainnsuidhe]] príomh-láthair scannánaíochta na sraithe&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/c4n1e5084l2o|teideal=Cast dràma Ghàidhlig ùir ga fhoillseachadh|dáta=2024-04-18|language=as [[Gaeilge na hAlban]]|work=[[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

== Bunús an scéil ==
In [[Na hOileáin Siar|Oileáin Siar na hAlban]], filleann ceathrar deartháireacha agus deirfiúracha de chlann MhicIlleathain (Eilidh, Calum, Ruaraidh agus Sìne) ar chaisleán a ndúchas tar éis bhás a máthar (an bhantiarna Màiri) de lámhaigh, agus a n-athair (an tiarna Dùghlas) á cheistiú ag na póilíní.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.scottishfield.co.uk/uncategorized/bbc-alba-gaelic-drama-series-set-to-hit-international-screens/|title=BBC ALBA: Gaelic drama series set to hit international screens|author=Forbes|first=Ellie|date=18 March 2024|work=Scottish Field|access-date=13 April 2024|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá Kat Crichton, iar-chónaitheoir ann, tar éis bheith ceaptha mar oifigeach ceangail teaghlaigh do chlann MhicIlleathain ag a saoiste, an ceannfort bleachtaireachta Ahmed Halim. Tá an chuma air agus an scéal ina thús gur robáil a chuaigh in abar a bhí faoi deara bhás Mhàiri, agus Dùghlas gortaithe go dona ag ionróir masctha le gunna.

[[Íomhá:Sorcha groundsell 2018 1.jpg|mion|Is í Sorcha Groundsell atá sa phríomhról, Kat Crichton&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;]]

== Cliar ==
* Sorcha Groundsell (''His Dark Materials'', ''Shetland'', ''The Innocents'') mar Kat Crichton: oifigeach ceangail teaghlaigh atá lonnaithe in [[Inbhir Nis]], iar-chónaitheoir sna [[Na Hearadh|Hearadh]]
* Sagar Radia mar an ceannfort bleachtaire Ahmed Halim: oifigeach imscrúdaithe sinsearach, saoiste Khat
* Iain MacRath (''[[Bannan (Sraith Teilifíse)|Bannan]]'', ''[[Outlander]]'') mar an tiarna Dùghlas MacIlleathain: athair uasal an teaghlaigh, fear gnó saibhir gan trócaire
* Elspeth Turner mar an bhantiarna Màiri MhicIlleathain: bean chéile Dhùghlais, máthair Chaluim, Ruaraidh agus Shíne. Ina cónaí i n[[Dùn Èideann|Dún Éideann]]
* Sinéad NicAonghais mar Eilidh NicIlleathain: iníon uchtaithe
* Anndra MacAonghais mar Chalum MacIlleathain: iar-cheoltóir, go mór i bhfiacha, fear céile Tracey, athair Dougie
* Meredith Brook mar Shìne MacIlleathain: dochtúir, an deirfiúr is óige
* Sam Seumas Mac a' Ghobhainn as Ruaraidh MacIlleathain: mac óg
* Coinneach Boyle mar An Dotair
* Colin McCredie mar an póilín Alan Irons
* Sharyn Ferguson mar Tracey: bean chéile Chaluim, máthair Dougie
I measc na n-aisteoirí eile tá Daibhidh Walker, Carina NicLeòid, Tormod Macleòid, MJ Deans, Iain 'Spanish' MacAoidh agus Julia Taudevin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/cpdnenw9v2no|teideal=An t-Eilean: Dràma ùr Gàidhlig a' toirt a' chànain gu luchd-amhairc ùr|dáta=2024-12-10|language=as [[Gaeilge na hAlban]]|work=[[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Scannánú ==
Scéal le Nicholas Osborne (''Remember Me'' agus ''License to Wed''), arna chomhscríobh ag Patsi NicCoinnich (''Buidheagain'' agus ''An Clò Mòr''), atá ag an sraith ceithre pháirt seo. Léirigh Black Camel Pictures é agus b'é [[Tomás Ó Súilleabháin]] (''[[Arracht (scannán)|Arracht]]'') an stiúrthóir.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/c51mp7m57k0o|teideal=Dràma ùr Gàidhlig|dáta=2024-03-16|language=as [[Gaeilge na hAlban]]|work=[[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Is é an tsraith dráma Ghàidhlig is mó ó bhí ''[[Gruth is Uachdar]]'' ann&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/cjmk29x30vko|teideal=Drama ùr Gàidhlig ag amas air margaidh eadar-nàiseanta|dáta=2024-04-19|language=as [[Gaeilge na hAlban]]|work=[[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus dúirt Arabella Page Croft, ardreachtaire Black Camel Pictures, gurb é &quot;an chéad dráma ar scothchaighdeán i nGàidhlig na hAlban a rinneadh in Albain riamh&quot; é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/24188307.bbc-alba-announces-first-high-end-gaelic-drama-series/|title=BBC ALBA announces first high-end Gaelic drama series|date=15 March 2024|work=[[Herald Scotland]]|access-date=13 April 2024|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá buiséad £1M in aghaidh an eipeasóid ag an tsraith,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/24228352.casting-call-4m-bbc-series-isle-lewis-harris/|title=Locals wanted to star in new high-end Gaelic drama series|date=3 April 2024|work=[[Herald Scotland]]|access-date=13 April 2024|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt; cuid mhaith de mar infheistíocht ó chomhlachtaí tráchtála,&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/cn93xz9dp2po|teideal=Feumaidh riaghaltasan a bhith &quot;dàna&quot; a thaobh buidseat craoladh na Gàidhlig|dáta=2025-01-14|language=as [[Gaeilge na hAlban]]|work=[[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; modh maoinithe nár chleacht an bealach teilifíse sin roimhe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/c4g9xp3nmejo|teideal=An t-Eilean: &quot;Tha am prògram air obrachadh mar bu mhiann leinn&quot;|dáta=2025-02-05|language=as [[Gaeilge na hAlban]]|work=[[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Coimisiúnaíodh an tsraith faoi mhí Mhárta 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; I mí Aibreáin 2024, roghnaíodh Sorcha Groundsell, Elspeth Turner agus Iain MacRath do na príomhrólanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cydre840jg0o|title=Cast announced for BBC's first Gaelic crime thriller|date=18 April 2024|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=18 April 2024|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ina dteannta sin, tá Sagar Radia (''Industry'') i ról an cheannfoirt bleachtaireachta Ahmed Halim.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy09dd4d2dyo.amp|title=First look at BBC's most expensive Gaelic drama|date=10 December 2024|work=[[BBC|bbc.com]]|access-date=11 December 2024|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rinneadh an phríomh-scannánú ar na [[Na Hearadh|Hearadh, Inse Gall]], i mí Aibreáin 2024 agus bhí [[Caisleán Abhainn Suidhe|Caisleán Amhuinn Suidhe]] sna láithreacha scannánaíochta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/apr/13/an-t-eilean-outer-hebrides-drama-scots-gaelic|title=An t-Eilean: £1m-an-episode drama to bring Outer Hebrides to global audience|author=Carrell|first=Severin|date=13 April 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=13 April 2024|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Bhí scannánú i [[Leòdhas]] agus i n[[Glaschú]] i gceist freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Dar le cathaoirleach [[MG Alba]], Iain Moireasdan, léirigh ''An t-Eilean'' nach mór do rialtais [[Pàrlamaid na h-Alba|Dhún Éideann]] agus [[Rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe|Londain]] bheith &quot;dána&quot; ó thaobh scannánaíocht Ghaeilge na hAlban de.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Rinneadh an cinneadh síneadh a chur leis an sraith sa bhliain 2026, agus an scannánú beartaithe d'earrach na bliana céanna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cge81zngp7yo|title=BBC's big budget Gaelic crime drama to return for second series|date=17 Feb 2026|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=18 Feb 2026|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Craoladh ==
Craoladh an tsraith ón 14 Eanáir 2025 ar BBC Alba, mar aon leis an sraith iomlán ar iPlayer an BBC. Craoladh é mar chlár dúbailte ar [[BBC Four|BBC 4]] mar mhír dhrámaíochta oíche Shathairn ón 15 Feabhra 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/cx2y7yyxz13o|teideal=Dòchas gun cruthaich An t-Eilean slighean ùra dhan Ghàidhlig|dáta=2025-01-14|language=as [[Gaeilge na hAlban]]|work=[[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.westcoasttoday.co.uk/news/are-you-ready-for-the-island|title=Are you ready for The Island?|author=Griffiths|first=Kathie|date=March 20, 2024|work=[[West Coast Today]]|access-date=13 April 2024|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.westcoasttoday.co.uk/media-library/an-t-eilean-beach-bbc-albas-the-island-a-four-part-series-out-in-2025-is-set-to-put-gaelic-language-drama-on-the-global-map-says-its-makers|title=An t-Eilean Beach. BBC Alba's The Island, a four-part series out in 2025, is set to put Gaelic-language drama on the global map says its makers|work=[[West Coast Today]]|access-date=13 April 2024|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí 700,000 duine tar éis amharc air de réir figiúirí an BBC, an líon ba mhó do dhráma sa teanga ó thosaigh BBC Alba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/c7054lpjnewo|teideal=&quot;An t-Eilean&quot;: An àireamh luchd-coimhid a bu mhotha o thòisich BBC ALBA|dáta=2025-04-04|language=as [[Gaeilge na hAlban]]|work=[[Naidheachdan a' BhBC]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Dúradh gur ar mhargaidh idirnáisiúnta a bhí an amas ag lucht déanta na sraithe freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Díoladh an tsraith thar sáile, lena n-áirítear leis an gcraoltóir poiblí [[An Danmhairg|Danmhargach]] Danmarks Radio.

== Glacadh ==
Agus í ag scríobh don ''[[The Guardian|Guardian]]'', rinne Rebecca Nicholson cur síos ar an suíomh mar áit &quot;a bhainfeadh an anáil díot&quot; lena háille agus mhol sí aisteoireacht Groundsell, ag cur síos ar an tsraith ina hiomláine mar &quot;dhráma coireachta maith tathagach, bíodh nach bhfuil treascairt an tseánra ann&quot; agus mhothaigh sí go raibh sé thar am go ndéanfaí dráma i nGaeilge na hAlban i bhfianaise rath sraitheanna eile i dteangacha iasachta le blianta beaga anuas a chruthaigh nárbh aon bhac iad na fotheidil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2025/jan/14/an-t-eilean-review-this-gaelic-language-drama-should-have-happened-years-ago|title=An t-Eilean review – this Gaelic language crime drama should have happened years ago|date=14 January 2025|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=22 April 2025|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ní raibh tráchtairí ar aon intinn faoin mheascadh teangacha a chleachtaigh na carachtair, daoine áirithe ag rá gur chuir sé in iúl nach bhfuil Gaeilge na hAlban láidir mar theanga pobal, daoine eile á rá gur léiriú é ar chleachtas teanga mar atá.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

I mí Aibreáin 2025, ghnóthaigh an tsraith duais na drámaíochta agus na siamsaíochta ag Prix Circom 2025, gradaim teilifíse idirnáisiúnta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/scotland/article/international-prize-for-gaelic-thriller-an-t-eilean-jvxs2j5hw|title=International prize for Gaelic thriller An t-Eilean|author=Merritt|first=Matt|date=20 April 2025|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=22 April 2025|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ainmníodh é don Sraith Scripte is Fearr ag Gradaim Acadamh na Breataine in Albain 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bafta.org/awards/scotland/|title=BAFTA Scotland Awards|date=16 Nov 2025|work=[[Acadamh Briotanach na Scannán agus na Teilifíse|Bafta.org]]|access-date=17 Nov 2025|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Nascanna amach ==
* {{Imdb title|31921411}}
* Ar [[BBC Alba]]: ''[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0026zqh An t-Eilean]''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eilean, An t}}
[[Catagóir:Sraitheanna teilifíse a thosaigh i 2025]]
[[Catagóir:Sraitheanna teilifíse]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir theilifíse i nGaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Saothair Ghaeilge na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Cultúr na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Na hOileáin Siar]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir Teilifíse na Breataine]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir BBC]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir bleachtaireachta]]
[[Catagóir:Scéinséirí]]
[[Catagóir:Coirscéalta]]</text>
      <sha1>f63tx066wftfg7g8xh9pojgyonosqv8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kurt Duwe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128810</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332005</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:12:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:de:Special:Redirect/revision/266256305|Kurt Duwe]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>1332005</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2641" sha1="jzpbmgzg7szyjh2nnxpa6nmxfe2qyaw" xml:space="preserve">Is aigéaneolaí agus polaiteoir Gearmánach é '''Kurt C. Duwe''' (* [[24 Eanáir]] [[1951]] in [[Hamburg]] ) ( EFP, FDP ). Bhí sé ina bhall de Pharlaimint Hamburg [[:de:Hamburgische_Bürgerschaft|Hamburgischen Bürgerschaft]] ó 2011 go 2020 agus ina leas-uachtarán uirthi ó 2017 go 2020.

== Saol ==
Tógadh Duwe i Hamburg. Fuair sé a PhD sa bhliain ó Ollscoil Hamburg le tráchtas ar “ ''Modellierung der Brackwasserdynamik eines Tideästuars am Beispiel der Unterelbe''“  . Oibríonn Duwe mar chomhairleoir comhshaoil i gcosaint dobharlach agus an chomhshaoil ​​mhara.

Ar dtús, bhí Duwe gníomhach i bPáirtí Cónaidhme na hEorpa (EFP) agus rinneadh cathaoirleach cónaidhme de i 1987. B’éigean dó éirí as i 1989 tar éis dó sínithe tacaíochta a bhrionnú do thoghcháin Eorpacha 1989. 

Tar éis dó dul isteach san FDP sa bhliain 2002, bhí sé ina leaschathaoirleach ar an FDP Hamburg ó 2009 go 2011. Bhí Duwe ina bhall de thionól ceantair Harburg ó Feabhra 2008 go Meán Fómhair 2011 agus bhí sé ina chathaoirleach ar ghrúpa parlaiminte an FDP ansin ó 2009 go 2011. I mí Feabhra 2011, chuaigh Duwe isteach sa 20ú Bürgerschaft  (Parlaimint Stáit Hamburg) tríd an liosta stáit i dtoghchán stáit 2011. Saoránaigh.  Sa ról sin,  bhí sé ina urlabhraí na forbartha uirbí, an chomhshaoil, agus  cúrsaí bunreachtúla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sprecherämter&quot;&gt;Hamburgische Bürgerschaft: {{Dead link|url=http://www.hamburgische-buergerschaft.de/cms_de.php?templ=abg_detail.tpl&amp;sub1=63&amp;cont=4398}}, abgerufen am 17. September 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Ag deireadh mhí Mheán Fómhair 2011, d’éirigh sé as a shuíochán i dtionól an cheantair chun díriú ar a chuid oibre mar bhall de Pharlaimint Hamburg (Bürgerschaft)..

I dtoghcháin stáit Hamburg in 2015, fuair Duwe sainordú arís trí vótaí pearsanta agus dá bhrí sin bhí sé ina chomhalta den 21ú Parlaimint Hamburg  (*Hamburgische Bürgerschaft*) ó mhí an Mhárta 2015 i leith.  Ansin, bhí sé ina bhall den Choiste um Achainíocha agus den Choiste um an mBunreacht, Rialacha Nós Imeachta, agus Grinnscrúdú Toghchán. Ar an 8 Samhain 2017, thogh Parlaimint Hamburg é mar Leas-Uachtarán, ag teacht i gcomharbacht ar Wieland Schinnenburg,  a bhí tofa do Bundestag na Gearmáinea . 

Tar éis gur theip ar an FDP an tairseach cúig faoin gcéad a ghlanadh i dtoghchán stáit 2020, d'fhág sé parlaimint an stáit .. 

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

*  
* [http://www.fdp-fraktion-hh.de/abgeordnete/dr-kurt-duwe/ Biografischer Hinweis bei der FDP-Fraktion]

== Tagairtí ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1951]]</text>
      <sha1>jzpbmgzg7szyjh2nnxpa6nmxfe2qyaw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332008</id>
      <parentid>1332005</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:19:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1332008</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2886" sha1="rjxjuv14310fo26bnfy2d4g2szw49e4" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is aigéaneolaí agus polaiteoir Gearmánach é '''Kurt C. Duwe''' (* [[24 Eanáir]] [[1951]] in [[Hamburg]] ) ( EFP, FDP ). Bhí sé ina bhall de Pharlaimint Hamburg [[:de:Hamburgische_Bürgerschaft|Hamburgischen Bürgerschaft]] ó 2011 go 2020 agus ina leas-uachtarán uirthi ó 2017 go 2020.

== Saol ==
Tógadh Duwe i Hamburg. Fuair sé a PhD sa bhliain ó Ollscoil Hamburg le tráchtas ar “ ''Modellierung der Brackwasserdynamik eines Tideästuars am Beispiel der Unterelbe''“  . Oibríonn Duwe mar chomhairleoir comhshaoil i gcosaint dobharlach agus an chomhshaoil ​​mhara.

Ar dtús, bhí Duwe gníomhach i bPáirtí Cónaidhme na hEorpa (EFP) agus rinneadh cathaoirleach cónaidhme de i 1987. B’éigean dó éirí as i 1989 tar éis dó sínithe tacaíochta a bhrionnú do thoghcháin Eorpacha 1989. 

Tar éis dó dul isteach san FDP sa bhliain 2002, bhí sé ina leaschathaoirleach ar an FDP Hamburg ó 2009 go 2011. Bhí Duwe ina bhall de thionól ceantair Harburg ó Feabhra 2008 go Meán Fómhair 2011 agus bhí sé ina chathaoirleach ar ghrúpa parlaiminte an FDP ansin ó 2009 go 2011. I mí Feabhra 2011, chuaigh Duwe isteach sa 20ú Bürgerschaft  (Parlaimint Stáit Hamburg) tríd an liosta stáit i dtoghchán stáit 2011. Saoránaigh.  Sa ról sin,  bhí sé ina urlabhraí na forbartha uirbí, an chomhshaoil, agus  cúrsaí bunreachtúla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sprecherämter&quot;&gt;Hamburgische Bürgerschaft: {{Dead link|url=http://www.hamburgische-buergerschaft.de/cms_de.php?templ=abg_detail.tpl&amp;sub1=63&amp;cont=4398}}, abgerufen am 17. September 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Ag deireadh mhí Mheán Fómhair 2011, d’éirigh sé as a shuíochán i dtionól an cheantair chun díriú ar a chuid oibre mar bhall de Pharlaimint Hamburg (Bürgerschaft)..

I dtoghcháin stáit Hamburg in 2015, fuair Duwe sainordú arís trí vótaí pearsanta agus dá bhrí sin bhí sé ina chomhalta den 21ú Parlaimint Hamburg  (*Hamburgische Bürgerschaft*) ó mhí an Mhárta 2015 i leith.  Ansin, bhí sé ina bhall den Choiste um Achainíocha agus den Choiste um an mBunreacht, Rialacha Nós Imeachta, agus Grinnscrúdú Toghchán. Ar an 8 Samhain 2017, thogh Parlaimint Hamburg é mar Leas-Uachtarán, ag teacht i gcomharbacht ar Wieland Schinnenburg,  a bhí tofa do Bundestag na Gearmáinea . 

Tar éis gur theip ar an FDP an tairseach cúig faoin gcéad a ghlanadh i dtoghchán stáit 2020, d'fhág sé parlaimint an stáit .. 

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [http://www.fdp-fraktion-hh.de/abgeordnete/dr-kurt-duwe/ Biografischer Hinweis bei der FDP-Fraktion]

== Tagairtí ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1951]]
[[Catagóir:Cathaoirleach an Pháirtí Chónaidhme (An Ghearmáin)]]
[[Catagóir:Comhalta de chuid an EFP]]]
[[Catagóir:Comhalta FDP]]
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí (21ú haois)]]
[[Catagóir:Gearmáinis]]
[[Catagóir:Céimí Ollscoil Hamburg]]</text>
      <sha1>rjxjuv14310fo26bnfy2d4g2szw49e4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332009</id>
      <parentid>1332008</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:22:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1332009</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3058" sha1="nihlz60669hmrtf7p9z6insxx66uk9h" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is aigéaneolaí agus polaiteoir Gearmánach é '''Kurt C. Duwe''' (* [[24 Eanáir]] [[1951]] in [[Hamburg]] ) ( EFP, FDP ). Bhí sé ina bhall de Pharlaimint Hamburg [[:de:Hamburgische_Bürgerschaft|Hamburgischen Bürgerschaft]] ó 2011 go 2020 agus ina leas-uachtarán uirthi ó 2017 go 2020.

== Saol ==
Tógadh Duwe i Hamburg. Fuair sé a PhD sa bhliain ó Ollscoil Hamburg le tráchtas ar “ ''Modellierung der Brackwasserdynamik eines Tideästuars am Beispiel der Unterelbe''“  . Oibríonn Duwe mar chomhairleoir comhshaoil i gcosaint dobharlach agus an chomhshaoil ​​mhara.

Ar dtús, bhí Duwe gníomhach i bPáirtí Cónaidhme na hEorpa (EFP) agus rinneadh cathaoirleach cónaidhme de i 1987. B’éigean dó éirí as i 1989 tar éis dó sínithe tacaíochta a bhrionnú do thoghcháin Eorpacha 1989. 

Tar éis dó dul isteach san FDP sa bhliain 2002, bhí sé ina leaschathaoirleach ar an FDP Hamburg ó 2009 go 2011. Bhí Duwe ina bhall de thionól ceantair Harburg ó Feabhra 2008 go Meán Fómhair 2011 agus bhí sé ina chathaoirleach ar ghrúpa parlaiminte an FDP ansin ó 2009 go 2011. I mí Feabhra 2011, chuaigh Duwe isteach sa 20ú Bürgerschaft  (Parlaimint Stáit Hamburg) tríd an liosta stáit i dtoghchán stáit 2011. Saoránaigh.  Sa ról sin,  bhí sé ina urlabhraí na forbartha uirbí, an chomhshaoil, agus  cúrsaí bunreachtúla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sprecherämter&quot;&gt;Hamburgische Bürgerschaft: {{Dead link|url=http://www.hamburgische-buergerschaft.de/cms_de.php?templ=abg_detail.tpl&amp;sub1=63&amp;cont=4398}}, abgerufen am 17. September 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Ag deireadh mhí Mheán Fómhair 2011, d’éirigh sé as a shuíochán i dtionól an cheantair chun díriú ar a chuid oibre mar bhall de Pharlaimint Hamburg (Bürgerschaft)..

I dtoghcháin stáit Hamburg in 2015, fuair Duwe sainordú arís trí vótaí pearsanta agus dá bhrí sin bhí sé ina chomhalta den 21ú Parlaimint Hamburg  (*Hamburgische Bürgerschaft*) ó mhí an Mhárta 2015 i leith.  Ansin, bhí sé ina bhall den Choiste um Achainíocha agus den Choiste um an mBunreacht, Rialacha Nós Imeachta, agus Grinnscrúdú Toghchán. Ar an 8 Samhain 2017, thogh Parlaimint Hamburg é mar Leas-Uachtarán, ag teacht i gcomharbacht ar Wieland Schinnenburg,  a bhí tofa do Bundestag na Gearmáinea . 

Tar éis gur theip ar an FDP an tairseach cúig faoin gcéad a ghlanadh i dtoghchán stáit 2020, d'fhág sé parlaimint an stáit .. 

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140922020501/http://www.linguae-celticae.org/dateien/Gaidhlig_Local_Studies_Vol_23_Inbhirnis_Ed_II.pdf.Vol. 23: Inbhirnis &amp; Taobh Loch Nis]
* [http://www.fdp-fraktion-hh.de/abgeordnete/dr-kurt-duwe/ Biografischer Hinweis bei der FDP-Fraktion]

== Tagairtí ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1951]]
[[Catagóir:Cathaoirleach an Pháirtí Chónaidhme (An Ghearmáin)]]
[[Catagóir:Comhalta de chuid an EFP]]]
[[Catagóir:Comhalta FDP]]
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí (21ú haois)]]
[[Catagóir:Gearmáinis]]
[[Catagóir:Céimí Ollscoil Hamburg]]</text>
      <sha1>nihlz60669hmrtf7p9z6insxx66uk9h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thessaloniki</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128811</id>
    <redirect title="Teasaloinicé" />
    <revision>
      <id>1332018</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:33:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ag athdhíriú go [[Teasaloinicé]]</comment>
      <origin>1332018</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" sha1="2caigu255g8b6bosi8i1xp2rjrfqhmc" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh[[Teasaloinicé]]</text>
      <sha1>2caigu255g8b6bosi8i1xp2rjrfqhmc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mustafa Kemal Ataturk</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128812</id>
    <redirect title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk" />
    <revision>
      <id>1332019</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:36:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ag athdhíriú go [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]</comment>
      <origin>1332019</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="6lafxqg5522fkcv50gyzurwmpyld2ts" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]</text>
      <sha1>6lafxqg5522fkcv50gyzurwmpyld2ts</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lása (éadach)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128813</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332025</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:42:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Leathanach cruthaithe le '  Éadach an‑fhíneálta is ea '''lása''' a bhfuil a lán poll ann. Déantar lása trí shnáitheanna an‑tanaí cadáis a fhí le chéile chun patrúin a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/l%C3%A1sa|teideal=lása - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for lása by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Cé gur ceird idirnáisiúnta í an lásadóireacht a tugadh isteach in...'</comment>
      <origin>1332025</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6230" sha1="j2ug16yax1z9t3fjgxgkk3aff9aogjh" xml:space="preserve">

Éadach an‑fhíneálta is ea '''lása''' a bhfuil a lán poll ann. Déantar lása trí shnáitheanna an‑tanaí cadáis a fhí le chéile chun patrúin a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/l%C3%A1sa|teideal=lása - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for lása by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cé gur ceird idirnáisiúnta í an lásadóireacht a tugadh isteach in Éireann, tá cruth Éireannach curtha uirthi agus í neadaithe i dtraidisiún ceardaíochta na tíre. Rinne mná Éireannacha an cheird a chur in oiriúint dóibh féin, agus chuireadar a mblas féin air. Tá stíleanna réigiúnacha soiléir i gceist leis na cineálacha lása seo ar fad agus iad ainmnithe ar liosta Fhardal Náisiúnta na hÉireann maidir le hOidhreacht Chultúir Dholáimhsithe.  Cé gur gluaiseacht dhaonnachtúil a bhí i gceist le tionscal na lásadóireachta san naoú haois déag, den chuid is mó is mná saibhre a bhí ina bun agus iad ag iarraidh cabhrú leis na mná bochta áitiúla. 

Inniu tá lásadóirí cosúil le Fiona Harrington ag cur na ceirde chun cinn i mBaile Átha Cliath agus í i mbun taispeántais ealaíne cruthaithí chomh maith le ceardlanna a chur ar siúl i nGaeilge agus i mBéarla, agus tá lásadóirí na Coiribe agus na Buiríse ann chomh maith le grúpaí náisiúnta, iad ar fad ag coimeád scileanna beo an traidisiúin sábháilte. 

== Stair ==
Le linn an naoú haois déag a tháinig tionscal na lásadóireachta chun cinn. Bróidnéireacht agus fuáil atá i gceist leis an lásadóireacht i ndáiríre, agus bhí na scileanna sin  le feiscint go maith in Éirinn i bhfad roimh an naoú haois déag. Deirtear go raibh 3 bhróidnéir ag Naomh Pádraig féin i bhfad ó shin. Thug sí deiseanna gairme do mhná go háirithe ar feadh na gcéadta.  

=== Lása Luimnigh ===
Go luath sa naoú haois déag a thosaigh lása Luimnigh ag teacht chun cinn. Sa chathair roimhe sin bhí tionscal fuála ann agus comhlachtaí ag easportáil cultacha míleata, lámhainní agus rudaí mar sin. Thug Charles Walker ranganna ar dhéanamh an lása ó 1829 agus d’fhorbair lása Luimnigh go mór idir 1830 agus 1870, agus bunaíodh cuid mhaith comhlachtaí. Is sampla de lása measca í an stíl seo lása, is é sin le rá go ndéantar bróidnéireacht láimhe ar éadach measíndéanta. 

Deirtear go raibh 1850 duine fostaithe sa tionscal i Luimneach sna 1850í agus easportáil ar siúl go Londain agus Glaschú go háirithe. Thosaigh na clochair ag múineadh na ceirde do chailíní óga sa naoú haois déag chomh maith mar ábhar praiticiúil a chabhródh le fostaíocht. 

=== Cluain Eois ===
I gContae Mhuineacháin tá cúpla stíl éagsúil lása ann. Baineann ceann acu le Cluain Eois agus an ceann eile le Carraig Mhachaire Róis. Tar éis an Ghorta Mhóir thug bean darb ainm Cassandra Hand an smaoineamh chun cinn scileanna lásadóireachta a mhúineadh do chailíní agus mná áitúla. Cé gur mhúin sí stíl a tháinig ón Veinéis, cheap mná na háite go raibh sé i bhfad ró-fhadálach, agus d’fhorbair siad an cheird. D’athraíodar bioráin fuáile iad féin abhairín i dtreo bioráin chróisé agus thugadar faoi. Ghlaoigh siad bioráin an Ghorta ar na bioráin seo a d’fhorbair siad. 

Chuaigh an cheird i léig san fhichiú haois, ach trí Bhantracht na Tuaithe sna 1990í tháinig an cheird chun cinn arís, agus tá iarsmalann lása i gCluain Eois inniu le samplaí áilne áitiúla. 

=== Carraig Mhachaire Róis ===
Níl aon dabht faoi ach gurb é lása Charraig Mhachaire Róis is mó a bhfuil cáil air de bharr é a bheith in úsáid ag dearthóirí mór le rá, lena n-áirítear Sybil Connolly, Vonnie Reynolds agus Alexander McQueen. Thosaigh sé amach, cosúil le scéal Luimnigh, sa naoú haois déag, agus mná cosúil le Mrs Grey Porter agus an Múinteoir Reed a mhúin ar dtús na scileanna go háitúil, ag iarraidh cabhrú le mná áitiúla slí bheatha a chleachtadh. 

Bhí scoileanna lása sa cheantar agus, chomh maith leis sin, thosaigh na mná rialta á múineadh chomh maith. Bhí an-tóir ar an lása seo, go háirithe sa Bhreatain, agus cabhraigh an tionscal go mór le daoine áitiúla le linn an Ghorta Mhóir go mórmhór. I ngúnaí bainise agus cailleacha brídeoige is mó a bhfuil cáil ar an saghas seo lása inniu. 

=== Áth Cinn ===
In Áth Cinn i gContae na Gaillimhe tá lásadóireacht baibín, a tháinig chun cinn ag deireadh an ochtú haois déag, agus cailíní óga á múineadh agus á bhfostú ag na mná ó chlann St George ansin. In 1847, bliain a raibh cúpla céad duine fostaithe sa tionscal in Áth Cinn, chuir an Bhanríon Victoria isteach ordú ar lása ar luach £20. Bhí suim ar leith aici i lása Éireannach a cheannach, rud a chuir go mór leis na gnólachtaí ar fad. Bhí borradh mór in aon chomhlacht lása nuair a tháinig ordú isteach uaithi, mar le coim 46 orlach aici bhí costas mór bainteach leis! Tá tograí áilne déanta le déanaí in Ath Cinn le lásadóireacht ealaíonta phoiblí crochta, ceardlanna éagsúla ar bun chun an cheird féin a chur chun cinn agus fiú amhrán nua-chumtha ag an ngrúpa ''The Whileaways'' i dteannta lásadóirí a bhaineann le Tionscadal Lása Áth Cinn. 

=== Eochaill ===
In Eochaill i gCorcaigh tá traidisiún a thosaigh i gceart le bean rialta le linn an Ghorta Mhóir. Thosaigh an tSiúr Mary Anne Smith ag múineadh na scileanna ar scoil agus díoladh mataí lása, ciarsúir agus éadaí, gnó a chabhraigh go mór go háitiúil. Bunaíodh scoil lásadóireachta go hoifigiúil in 1852, agus faoi 1854 bhí 120 cailín fostaithe ann agus an lása a dhíol mórthimpeall na tíre agus thar lear. Cé go ndeachaigh an tionscal i léig, cosúil le háiteanna eile, san fhichiú haois, bhí na scileanna fós á dtabhairt ar aghaidh, agus inniu tá meitheal dheas lásadóirí in Eochaill agus iarsmalann lása oscailte ann ó anuraidh. 

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Ceadaíocht|Ceardaíocht]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:Lása]]
[[Catagóir:Na hEalaíona]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíochtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíochta]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]</text>
      <sha1>j2ug16yax1z9t3fjgxgkk3aff9aogjh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332026</id>
      <parentid>1332025</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:44:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Lace making]] go [[Lása (éadach)]]</comment>
      <origin>1332025</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6230" sha1="j2ug16yax1z9t3fjgxgkk3aff9aogjh" xml:space="preserve">

Éadach an‑fhíneálta is ea '''lása''' a bhfuil a lán poll ann. Déantar lása trí shnáitheanna an‑tanaí cadáis a fhí le chéile chun patrúin a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/l%C3%A1sa|teideal=lása - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for lása by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cé gur ceird idirnáisiúnta í an lásadóireacht a tugadh isteach in Éireann, tá cruth Éireannach curtha uirthi agus í neadaithe i dtraidisiún ceardaíochta na tíre. Rinne mná Éireannacha an cheird a chur in oiriúint dóibh féin, agus chuireadar a mblas féin air. Tá stíleanna réigiúnacha soiléir i gceist leis na cineálacha lása seo ar fad agus iad ainmnithe ar liosta Fhardal Náisiúnta na hÉireann maidir le hOidhreacht Chultúir Dholáimhsithe.  Cé gur gluaiseacht dhaonnachtúil a bhí i gceist le tionscal na lásadóireachta san naoú haois déag, den chuid is mó is mná saibhre a bhí ina bun agus iad ag iarraidh cabhrú leis na mná bochta áitiúla. 

Inniu tá lásadóirí cosúil le Fiona Harrington ag cur na ceirde chun cinn i mBaile Átha Cliath agus í i mbun taispeántais ealaíne cruthaithí chomh maith le ceardlanna a chur ar siúl i nGaeilge agus i mBéarla, agus tá lásadóirí na Coiribe agus na Buiríse ann chomh maith le grúpaí náisiúnta, iad ar fad ag coimeád scileanna beo an traidisiúin sábháilte. 

== Stair ==
Le linn an naoú haois déag a tháinig tionscal na lásadóireachta chun cinn. Bróidnéireacht agus fuáil atá i gceist leis an lásadóireacht i ndáiríre, agus bhí na scileanna sin  le feiscint go maith in Éirinn i bhfad roimh an naoú haois déag. Deirtear go raibh 3 bhróidnéir ag Naomh Pádraig féin i bhfad ó shin. Thug sí deiseanna gairme do mhná go háirithe ar feadh na gcéadta.  

=== Lása Luimnigh ===
Go luath sa naoú haois déag a thosaigh lása Luimnigh ag teacht chun cinn. Sa chathair roimhe sin bhí tionscal fuála ann agus comhlachtaí ag easportáil cultacha míleata, lámhainní agus rudaí mar sin. Thug Charles Walker ranganna ar dhéanamh an lása ó 1829 agus d’fhorbair lása Luimnigh go mór idir 1830 agus 1870, agus bunaíodh cuid mhaith comhlachtaí. Is sampla de lása measca í an stíl seo lása, is é sin le rá go ndéantar bróidnéireacht láimhe ar éadach measíndéanta. 

Deirtear go raibh 1850 duine fostaithe sa tionscal i Luimneach sna 1850í agus easportáil ar siúl go Londain agus Glaschú go háirithe. Thosaigh na clochair ag múineadh na ceirde do chailíní óga sa naoú haois déag chomh maith mar ábhar praiticiúil a chabhródh le fostaíocht. 

=== Cluain Eois ===
I gContae Mhuineacháin tá cúpla stíl éagsúil lása ann. Baineann ceann acu le Cluain Eois agus an ceann eile le Carraig Mhachaire Róis. Tar éis an Ghorta Mhóir thug bean darb ainm Cassandra Hand an smaoineamh chun cinn scileanna lásadóireachta a mhúineadh do chailíní agus mná áitúla. Cé gur mhúin sí stíl a tháinig ón Veinéis, cheap mná na háite go raibh sé i bhfad ró-fhadálach, agus d’fhorbair siad an cheird. D’athraíodar bioráin fuáile iad féin abhairín i dtreo bioráin chróisé agus thugadar faoi. Ghlaoigh siad bioráin an Ghorta ar na bioráin seo a d’fhorbair siad. 

Chuaigh an cheird i léig san fhichiú haois, ach trí Bhantracht na Tuaithe sna 1990í tháinig an cheird chun cinn arís, agus tá iarsmalann lása i gCluain Eois inniu le samplaí áilne áitiúla. 

=== Carraig Mhachaire Róis ===
Níl aon dabht faoi ach gurb é lása Charraig Mhachaire Róis is mó a bhfuil cáil air de bharr é a bheith in úsáid ag dearthóirí mór le rá, lena n-áirítear Sybil Connolly, Vonnie Reynolds agus Alexander McQueen. Thosaigh sé amach, cosúil le scéal Luimnigh, sa naoú haois déag, agus mná cosúil le Mrs Grey Porter agus an Múinteoir Reed a mhúin ar dtús na scileanna go háitúil, ag iarraidh cabhrú le mná áitiúla slí bheatha a chleachtadh. 

Bhí scoileanna lása sa cheantar agus, chomh maith leis sin, thosaigh na mná rialta á múineadh chomh maith. Bhí an-tóir ar an lása seo, go háirithe sa Bhreatain, agus cabhraigh an tionscal go mór le daoine áitiúla le linn an Ghorta Mhóir go mórmhór. I ngúnaí bainise agus cailleacha brídeoige is mó a bhfuil cáil ar an saghas seo lása inniu. 

=== Áth Cinn ===
In Áth Cinn i gContae na Gaillimhe tá lásadóireacht baibín, a tháinig chun cinn ag deireadh an ochtú haois déag, agus cailíní óga á múineadh agus á bhfostú ag na mná ó chlann St George ansin. In 1847, bliain a raibh cúpla céad duine fostaithe sa tionscal in Áth Cinn, chuir an Bhanríon Victoria isteach ordú ar lása ar luach £20. Bhí suim ar leith aici i lása Éireannach a cheannach, rud a chuir go mór leis na gnólachtaí ar fad. Bhí borradh mór in aon chomhlacht lása nuair a tháinig ordú isteach uaithi, mar le coim 46 orlach aici bhí costas mór bainteach leis! Tá tograí áilne déanta le déanaí in Ath Cinn le lásadóireacht ealaíonta phoiblí crochta, ceardlanna éagsúla ar bun chun an cheird féin a chur chun cinn agus fiú amhrán nua-chumtha ag an ngrúpa ''The Whileaways'' i dteannta lásadóirí a bhaineann le Tionscadal Lása Áth Cinn. 

=== Eochaill ===
In Eochaill i gCorcaigh tá traidisiún a thosaigh i gceart le bean rialta le linn an Ghorta Mhóir. Thosaigh an tSiúr Mary Anne Smith ag múineadh na scileanna ar scoil agus díoladh mataí lása, ciarsúir agus éadaí, gnó a chabhraigh go mór go háitiúil. Bunaíodh scoil lásadóireachta go hoifigiúil in 1852, agus faoi 1854 bhí 120 cailín fostaithe ann agus an lása a dhíol mórthimpeall na tíre agus thar lear. Cé go ndeachaigh an tionscal i léig, cosúil le háiteanna eile, san fhichiú haois, bhí na scileanna fós á dtabhairt ar aghaidh, agus inniu tá meitheal dheas lásadóirí in Eochaill agus iarsmalann lása oscailte ann ó anuraidh. 

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Ceadaíocht|Ceardaíocht]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:Lása]]
[[Catagóir:Na hEalaíona]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíochtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíochta]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]</text>
      <sha1>j2ug16yax1z9t3fjgxgkk3aff9aogjh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332044</id>
      <parentid>1332026</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:56:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332044</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7203" sha1="qlpnri9c7crk8v300evjcr1km78arwk" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Cunningham Lace, advert, 1907, irish International Exhibition.png|mion|220x220px|Cunningham Lace, fógra, 1907]]
[[Íomhá:Katie, 13 years old, and Angeline, 11 years old, making cuffs, Irish lace. Income about $1 a week. Works some nights... - NARA - 523512.jpg|mion|220x220px|Rinne mná Éireannacha an cheird a chur in oiriúint dóibh féin, agus chuireadar a mblas féin air. ]]
[[Íomhá:Lace (5868776861).jpg|mion|220x220px|St. Otteran's, Convent of Mercy, Port Láirge, 25 Meitheamh1908]]
[[Íomhá:Fig. 467. Irish lace.jpg|mion|220x220px|1886]]
[[Íomhá:Irish lace large, slight damage.jpg|mion|220x220px|Tús an 20ú haois]]
Éadach an‑fhíneálta is ea '''lása''' a bhfuil a lán poll ann. Déantar lása trí shnáitheanna an‑tanaí cadáis a fhí le chéile chun patrúin a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/l%C3%A1sa|teideal=lása - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for lása by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cé gur ceird idirnáisiúnta í an lásadóireacht a tugadh isteach in Éireann, tá cruth Éireannach curtha uirthi agus í neadaithe i dtraidisiún ceardaíochta na tíre. Rinne mná Éireannacha an cheird a chur in oiriúint dóibh féin, agus chuireadar a mblas féin air. Tá stíleanna réigiúnacha soiléir i gceist leis na cineálacha lása seo ar fad agus iad ainmnithe ar liosta Fhardal Náisiúnta na hÉireann maidir le hOidhreacht Chultúir Dholáimhsithe.  Cé gur gluaiseacht dhaonnachtúil a bhí i gceist le tionscal na lásadóireachta san naoú haois déag, den chuid is mó is mná saibhre a bhí ina bun agus iad ag iarraidh cabhrú leis na mná bochta áitiúla. 

Inniu tá lásadóirí cosúil le Fiona Harrington ag cur na ceirde chun cinn i mBaile Átha Cliath agus í i mbun taispeántais ealaíne cruthaithí chomh maith le ceardlanna a chur ar siúl i nGaeilge agus i mBéarla, agus tá lásadóirí na Coiribe agus na Buiríse ann chomh maith le grúpaí náisiúnta, iad ar fad ag coimeád scileanna beo an traidisiúin sábháilte.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/11/lasadoireacht-na-heireann/|teideal=Lásadóireacht na hÉireann|údar=Aoife Granville|dáta=2026-11-06|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Stair ==
Le linn an naoú haois déag a tháinig tionscal na lásadóireachta chun cinn. Bróidnéireacht agus fuáil atá i gceist leis an lásadóireacht i ndáiríre, agus bhí na scileanna sin  le feiscint go maith in Éirinn i bhfad roimh an naoú haois déag. Deirtear go raibh 3 bhróidnéir ag Naomh Pádraig féin i bhfad ó shin. Thug sí deiseanna gairme do mhná go háirithe ar feadh na gcéadta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Lása Luimnigh ===
Go luath sa naoú haois déag a thosaigh lása Luimnigh ag teacht chun cinn. Sa chathair roimhe sin bhí tionscal fuála ann agus comhlachtaí ag easportáil cultacha míleata, lámhainní agus rudaí mar sin. Thug Charles Walker ranganna ar dhéanamh an lása ó 1829 agus d’fhorbair lása Luimnigh go mór idir 1830 agus 1870, agus bunaíodh cuid mhaith comhlachtaí. Is sampla de lása measca í an stíl seo lása, is é sin le rá go ndéantar bróidnéireacht láimhe ar éadach measíndéanta. 

Deirtear go raibh 1850 duine fostaithe sa tionscal i Luimneach sna 1850í agus easportáil ar siúl go Londain agus Glaschú go háirithe. Thosaigh na clochair ag múineadh na ceirde do chailíní óga sa naoú haois déag chomh maith mar ábhar praiticiúil a chabhródh le fostaíocht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Cluain Eois ===
I gContae Mhuineacháin tá cúpla stíl éagsúil lása ann. Baineann ceann acu le Cluain Eois agus an ceann eile le Carraig Mhachaire Róis. Tar éis an Ghorta Mhóir thug bean darb ainm Cassandra Hand an smaoineamh chun cinn scileanna lásadóireachta a mhúineadh do chailíní agus mná áitúla. Cé gur mhúin sí stíl a tháinig ón Veinéis, cheap mná na háite go raibh sé i bhfad ró-fhadálach, agus d’fhorbair siad an cheird. D’athraíodar bioráin fuáile iad féin abhairín i dtreo bioráin chróisé agus thugadar faoi. Ghlaoigh siad bioráin an Ghorta ar na bioráin seo a d’fhorbair siad. 

Chuaigh an cheird i léig san fhichiú haois, ach trí Bhantracht na Tuaithe sna 1990í tháinig an cheird chun cinn arís, agus tá iarsmalann lása i gCluain Eois inniu le samplaí áilne áitiúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Carraig Mhachaire Róis ===
Níl aon dabht faoi ach gurb é lása Charraig Mhachaire Róis is mó a bhfuil cáil air de bharr é a bheith in úsáid ag dearthóirí mór le rá, lena n-áirítear Sybil Connolly, Vonnie Reynolds agus Alexander McQueen. Thosaigh sé amach, cosúil le scéal Luimnigh, sa naoú haois déag, agus mná cosúil le Mrs Grey Porter agus an Múinteoir Reed a mhúin ar dtús na scileanna go háitúil, ag iarraidh cabhrú le mná áitiúla slí bheatha a chleachtadh. 

Bhí scoileanna lása sa cheantar agus, chomh maith leis sin, thosaigh na mná rialta á múineadh chomh maith. Bhí an-tóir ar an lása seo, go háirithe sa Bhreatain, agus cabhraigh an tionscal go mór le daoine áitiúla le linn an Ghorta Mhóir go mórmhór. I ngúnaí bainise agus cailleacha brídeoige is mó a bhfuil cáil ar an saghas seo lása inniu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Áth Cinn ===
In Áth Cinn i gContae na Gaillimhe tá lásadóireacht baibín, a tháinig chun cinn ag deireadh an ochtú haois déag, agus cailíní óga á múineadh agus á bhfostú ag na mná ó chlann St George ansin. In 1847, bliain a raibh cúpla céad duine fostaithe sa tionscal in Áth Cinn, chuir an Bhanríon Victoria isteach ordú ar lása ar luach £20. Bhí suim ar leith aici i lása Éireannach a cheannach, rud a chuir go mór leis na gnólachtaí ar fad. Bhí borradh mór in aon chomhlacht lása nuair a tháinig ordú isteach uaithi, mar le coim 46 orlach aici bhí costas mór bainteach leis! Tá tograí áilne déanta le déanaí in Ath Cinn le lásadóireacht ealaíonta phoiblí crochta, ceardlanna éagsúla ar bun chun an cheird féin a chur chun cinn agus fiú amhrán nua-chumtha ag an ngrúpa ''The Whileaways'' i dteannta lásadóirí a bhaineann le Tionscadal Lása Áth Cinn.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Eochaill ===
In Eochaill i gCorcaigh tá traidisiún a thosaigh i gceart le bean rialta le linn an Ghorta Mhóir. Thosaigh an tSiúr Mary Anne Smith ag múineadh na scileanna ar scoil agus díoladh mataí lása, ciarsúir agus éadaí, gnó a chabhraigh go mór go háitiúil. Bunaíodh scoil lásadóireachta go hoifigiúil in 1852, agus faoi 1854 bhí 120 cailín fostaithe ann agus an lása a dhíol mórthimpeall na tíre agus thar lear. Cé go ndeachaigh an tionscal i léig, cosúil le háiteanna eile, san fhichiú haois, bhí na scileanna fós á dtabhairt ar aghaidh, agus inniu tá meitheal dheas lásadóirí in Eochaill agus iarsmalann lása oscailte ann ó anuraidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Ceadaíocht|Ceardaíocht]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Lása]]
[[Catagóir:Na hEalaíona]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíochtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíochta]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]</text>
      <sha1>qlpnri9c7crk8v300evjcr1km78arwk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332051</id>
      <parentid>1332044</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:00:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332051</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7306" sha1="tjh92a5lkyu1ic27vlb4ec4zm5ttrfz" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Cunningham Lace, advert, 1907, irish International Exhibition.png|mion|220x220px|Cunningham Lace, fógra, 1907]]
[[Íomhá:Katie, 13 years old, and Angeline, 11 years old, making cuffs, Irish lace. Income about $1 a week. Works some nights... - NARA - 523512.jpg|mion|220x220px|Rinne mná Éireannacha an cheird a chur in oiriúint dóibh féin, agus chuireadar a mblas féin air. ]]
[[Íomhá:Lace (5868776861).jpg|mion|220x220px|St. Otteran's, Convent of Mercy, Port Láirge, 25 Meitheamh1908]]
[[Íomhá:Fig. 467. Irish lace.jpg|mion|220x220px|1886]]
[[Íomhá:Irish lace large, slight damage.jpg|mion|220x220px|Tús an 20ú haois]]
[[Íomhá:Carrickmacross lace.jpg|mion|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Fig. 773. Irish lace.jpg|mion|220x220px]]
Éadach an‑fhíneálta is ea '''lása''' a bhfuil a lán poll ann. Déantar lása trí shnáitheanna an‑tanaí cadáis a fhí le chéile chun patrúin a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/l%C3%A1sa|teideal=lása - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for lása by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cé gur ceird idirnáisiúnta í an lásadóireacht a tugadh isteach in Éireann, tá cruth Éireannach curtha uirthi agus í neadaithe i dtraidisiún ceardaíochta na tíre. Rinne mná Éireannacha an cheird a chur in oiriúint dóibh féin, agus chuireadar a mblas féin air. Tá stíleanna réigiúnacha soiléir i gceist leis na cineálacha lása seo ar fad agus iad ainmnithe ar liosta Fhardal Náisiúnta na hÉireann maidir le hOidhreacht Chultúir Dholáimhsithe.  Cé gur gluaiseacht dhaonnachtúil a bhí i gceist le tionscal na lásadóireachta san naoú haois déag, den chuid is mó is mná saibhre a bhí ina bun agus iad ag iarraidh cabhrú leis na mná bochta áitiúla. 

Inniu tá lásadóirí cosúil le Fiona Harrington ag cur na ceirde chun cinn i mBaile Átha Cliath agus í i mbun taispeántais ealaíne cruthaithí chomh maith le ceardlanna a chur ar siúl i nGaeilge agus i mBéarla, agus tá lásadóirí na Coiribe agus na Buiríse ann chomh maith le grúpaí náisiúnta, iad ar fad ag coimeád scileanna beo an traidisiúin sábháilte.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/11/lasadoireacht-na-heireann/|teideal=Lásadóireacht na hÉireann|údar=Aoife Granville|dáta=2026-11-06|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Stair ==
Le linn an naoú haois déag a tháinig tionscal na lásadóireachta chun cinn. Bróidnéireacht agus fuáil atá i gceist leis an lásadóireacht i ndáiríre, agus bhí na scileanna sin  le feiscint go maith in Éirinn i bhfad roimh an naoú haois déag. Deirtear go raibh 3 bhróidnéir ag Naomh Pádraig féin i bhfad ó shin. Thug sí deiseanna gairme do mhná go háirithe ar feadh na gcéadta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Lása Luimnigh ===
Go luath sa naoú haois déag a thosaigh lása Luimnigh ag teacht chun cinn. Sa chathair roimhe sin bhí tionscal fuála ann agus comhlachtaí ag easportáil cultacha míleata, lámhainní agus rudaí mar sin. Thug Charles Walker ranganna ar dhéanamh an lása ó 1829 agus d’fhorbair lása Luimnigh go mór idir 1830 agus 1870, agus bunaíodh cuid mhaith comhlachtaí. Is sampla de lása measca í an stíl seo lása, is é sin le rá go ndéantar bróidnéireacht láimhe ar éadach measíndéanta. 

Deirtear go raibh 1850 duine fostaithe sa tionscal i Luimneach sna 1850í agus easportáil ar siúl go Londain agus Glaschú go háirithe. Thosaigh na clochair ag múineadh na ceirde do chailíní óga sa naoú haois déag chomh maith mar ábhar praiticiúil a chabhródh le fostaíocht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Cluain Eois ===
I gContae Mhuineacháin tá cúpla stíl éagsúil lása ann. Baineann ceann acu le Cluain Eois agus an ceann eile le Carraig Mhachaire Róis. Tar éis an Ghorta Mhóir thug bean darb ainm Cassandra Hand an smaoineamh chun cinn scileanna lásadóireachta a mhúineadh do chailíní agus mná áitúla. Cé gur mhúin sí stíl a tháinig ón Veinéis, cheap mná na háite go raibh sé i bhfad ró-fhadálach, agus d’fhorbair siad an cheird. D’athraíodar bioráin fuáile iad féin abhairín i dtreo bioráin chróisé agus thugadar faoi. Ghlaoigh siad bioráin an Ghorta ar na bioráin seo a d’fhorbair siad. 

Chuaigh an cheird i léig san fhichiú haois, ach trí Bhantracht na Tuaithe sna 1990í tháinig an cheird chun cinn arís, agus tá iarsmalann lása i gCluain Eois inniu le samplaí áilne áitiúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Carraig Mhachaire Róis ===
Níl aon dabht faoi ach gurb é lása Charraig Mhachaire Róis is mó a bhfuil cáil air de bharr é a bheith in úsáid ag dearthóirí mór le rá, lena n-áirítear Sybil Connolly, Vonnie Reynolds agus Alexander McQueen. Thosaigh sé amach, cosúil le scéal Luimnigh, sa naoú haois déag, agus mná cosúil le Mrs Grey Porter agus an Múinteoir Reed a mhúin ar dtús na scileanna go háitúil, ag iarraidh cabhrú le mná áitiúla slí bheatha a chleachtadh. 

Bhí scoileanna lása sa cheantar agus, chomh maith leis sin, thosaigh na mná rialta á múineadh chomh maith. Bhí an-tóir ar an lása seo, go háirithe sa Bhreatain, agus cabhraigh an tionscal go mór le daoine áitiúla le linn an Ghorta Mhóir go mórmhór. I ngúnaí bainise agus cailleacha brídeoige is mó a bhfuil cáil ar an saghas seo lása inniu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Áth Cinn ===
In Áth Cinn i gContae na Gaillimhe tá lásadóireacht baibín, a tháinig chun cinn ag deireadh an ochtú haois déag, agus cailíní óga á múineadh agus á bhfostú ag na mná ó chlann St George ansin. In 1847, bliain a raibh cúpla céad duine fostaithe sa tionscal in Áth Cinn, chuir an Bhanríon Victoria isteach ordú ar lása ar luach £20. Bhí suim ar leith aici i lása Éireannach a cheannach, rud a chuir go mór leis na gnólachtaí ar fad. Bhí borradh mór in aon chomhlacht lása nuair a tháinig ordú isteach uaithi, mar le coim 46 orlach aici bhí costas mór bainteach leis! Tá tograí áilne déanta le déanaí in Ath Cinn le lásadóireacht ealaíonta phoiblí crochta, ceardlanna éagsúla ar bun chun an cheird féin a chur chun cinn agus fiú amhrán nua-chumtha ag an ngrúpa ''The Whileaways'' i dteannta lásadóirí a bhaineann le Tionscadal Lása Áth Cinn.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Eochaill ===
In Eochaill i gCorcaigh tá traidisiún a thosaigh i gceart le bean rialta le linn an Ghorta Mhóir. Thosaigh an tSiúr Mary Anne Smith ag múineadh na scileanna ar scoil agus díoladh mataí lása, ciarsúir agus éadaí, gnó a chabhraigh go mór go háitiúil. Bunaíodh scoil lásadóireachta go hoifigiúil in 1852, agus faoi 1854 bhí 120 cailín fostaithe ann agus an lása a dhíol mórthimpeall na tíre agus thar lear. Cé go ndeachaigh an tionscal i léig, cosúil le háiteanna eile, san fhichiú haois, bhí na scileanna fós á dtabhairt ar aghaidh, agus inniu tá meitheal dheas lásadóirí in Eochaill agus iarsmalann lása oscailte ann ó anuraidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Ceadaíocht|Ceardaíocht]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Lása]]
[[Catagóir:Na hEalaíona]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíochtaí]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíochta]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]</text>
      <sha1>tjh92a5lkyu1ic27vlb4ec4zm5ttrfz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332065</id>
      <parentid>1332051</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:07:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1332065</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7248" sha1="jltrye5d5k5tszk1gk15y0elq17r01d" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Cunningham Lace, advert, 1907, irish International Exhibition.png|mion|220x220px|Cunningham Lace, fógra, 1907]]
[[Íomhá:Katie, 13 years old, and Angeline, 11 years old, making cuffs, Irish lace. Income about $1 a week. Works some nights... - NARA - 523512.jpg|mion|220x220px|Rinne mná Éireannacha an cheird a chur in oiriúint dóibh féin, agus chuireadar a mblas féin air. ]]
[[Íomhá:Lace (5868776861).jpg|mion|220x220px|St. Otteran's, Convent of Mercy, Port Láirge, 25 Meitheamh1908]]
[[Íomhá:Fig. 467. Irish lace.jpg|mion|220x220px|1886]]
[[Íomhá:Irish lace large, slight damage.jpg|mion|220x220px|Tús an 20ú haois]]
[[Íomhá:Carrickmacross lace.jpg|mion|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Fig. 773. Irish lace.jpg|mion|220x220px]]
Éadach an‑fhíneálta is ea '''lása''' a bhfuil a lán poll ann. Déantar lása trí shnáitheanna an‑tanaí cadáis a fhí le chéile chun patrúin a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/nid/l%C3%A1sa|teideal=lása - Definition in Irish Gaelic with audio pronunciation for lása by Foras na Gaeilge|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cé gur ceird idirnáisiúnta í an lásadóireacht a tugadh isteach in Éireann, tá cruth Éireannach curtha uirthi agus í neadaithe i dtraidisiún ceardaíochta na tíre. Rinne mná Éireannacha an cheird a chur in oiriúint dóibh féin, agus chuireadar a mblas féin air. Tá stíleanna réigiúnacha soiléir i gceist leis na cineálacha lása seo ar fad agus iad ainmnithe ar liosta Fhardal Náisiúnta na hÉireann maidir le hOidhreacht Chultúir Dholáimhsithe.  Cé gur gluaiseacht dhaonnachtúil a bhí i gceist le tionscal na lásadóireachta san naoú haois déag, den chuid is mó is mná saibhre a bhí ina bun agus iad ag iarraidh cabhrú leis na mná bochta áitiúla. 

Inniu tá lásadóirí cosúil le Fiona Harrington ag cur na ceirde chun cinn i mBaile Átha Cliath agus í i mbun taispeántais ealaíne cruthaithí chomh maith le ceardlanna a chur ar siúl i nGaeilge agus i mBéarla, agus tá lásadóirí na Coiribe agus na Buiríse ann chomh maith le grúpaí náisiúnta, iad ar fad ag coimeád scileanna beo an traidisiúin sábháilte.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/11/lasadoireacht-na-heireann/|teideal=Lásadóireacht na hÉireann|údar=Aoife Granville|dáta=2026-11-06|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Stair ==
Le linn an naoú haois déag a tháinig tionscal na lásadóireachta chun cinn. Bróidnéireacht agus fuáil atá i gceist leis an lásadóireacht i ndáiríre, agus bhí na scileanna sin  le feiscint go maith in Éirinn i bhfad roimh an naoú haois déag. Deirtear go raibh 3 bhróidnéir ag Naomh Pádraig féin i bhfad ó shin. Thug sí deiseanna gairme do mhná go háirithe ar feadh na gcéadta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Lása Luimnigh ===
Go luath sa naoú haois déag a thosaigh lása Luimnigh ag teacht chun cinn. Sa chathair roimhe sin bhí tionscal fuála ann agus comhlachtaí ag easportáil cultacha míleata, lámhainní agus rudaí mar sin. Thug Charles Walker ranganna ar dhéanamh an lása ó 1829 agus d’fhorbair lása Luimnigh go mór idir 1830 agus 1870, agus bunaíodh cuid mhaith comhlachtaí. Is sampla de lása measca í an stíl seo lása, is é sin le rá go ndéantar bróidnéireacht láimhe ar éadach measíndéanta. 

Deirtear go raibh 1850 duine fostaithe sa tionscal i Luimneach sna 1850í agus easportáil ar siúl go Londain agus Glaschú go háirithe. Thosaigh na clochair ag múineadh na ceirde do chailíní óga sa naoú haois déag chomh maith mar ábhar praiticiúil a chabhródh le fostaíocht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Cluain Eois ===
I gContae Mhuineacháin tá cúpla stíl éagsúil lása ann. Baineann ceann acu le Cluain Eois agus an ceann eile le Carraig Mhachaire Róis. Tar éis an Ghorta Mhóir thug bean darb ainm Cassandra Hand an smaoineamh chun cinn scileanna lásadóireachta a mhúineadh do chailíní agus mná áitúla. Cé gur mhúin sí stíl a tháinig ón Veinéis, cheap mná na háite go raibh sé i bhfad ró-fhadálach, agus d’fhorbair siad an cheird. D’athraíodar bioráin fuáile iad féin abhairín i dtreo bioráin chróisé agus thugadar faoi. Ghlaoigh siad bioráin an Ghorta ar na bioráin seo a d’fhorbair siad. 

Chuaigh an cheird i léig san fhichiú haois, ach trí Bhantracht na Tuaithe sna 1990í tháinig an cheird chun cinn arís, agus tá iarsmalann lása i gCluain Eois inniu le samplaí áilne áitiúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Carraig Mhachaire Róis ===
Níl aon dabht faoi ach gurb é lása Charraig Mhachaire Róis is mó a bhfuil cáil air de bharr é a bheith in úsáid ag dearthóirí mór le rá, lena n-áirítear Sybil Connolly, Vonnie Reynolds agus Alexander McQueen. Thosaigh sé amach, cosúil le scéal Luimnigh, sa naoú haois déag, agus mná cosúil le Mrs Grey Porter agus an Múinteoir Reed a mhúin ar dtús na scileanna go háitúil, ag iarraidh cabhrú le mná áitiúla slí bheatha a chleachtadh. 

Bhí scoileanna lása sa cheantar agus, chomh maith leis sin, thosaigh na mná rialta á múineadh chomh maith. Bhí an-tóir ar an lása seo, go háirithe sa Bhreatain, agus cabhraigh an tionscal go mór le daoine áitiúla le linn an Ghorta Mhóir go mórmhór. I ngúnaí bainise agus cailleacha brídeoige is mó a bhfuil cáil ar an saghas seo lása inniu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Áth Cinn ===
In Áth Cinn i gContae na Gaillimhe tá lásadóireacht baibín, a tháinig chun cinn ag deireadh an ochtú haois déag, agus cailíní óga á múineadh agus á bhfostú ag na mná ó chlann St George ansin. In 1847, bliain a raibh cúpla céad duine fostaithe sa tionscal in Áth Cinn, chuir an Bhanríon Victoria isteach ordú ar lása ar luach £20. Bhí suim ar leith aici i lása Éireannach a cheannach, rud a chuir go mór leis na gnólachtaí ar fad. Bhí borradh mór in aon chomhlacht lása nuair a tháinig ordú isteach uaithi, mar le coim 46 orlach aici bhí costas mór bainteach leis! Tá tograí áilne déanta le déanaí in Ath Cinn le lásadóireacht ealaíonta phoiblí crochta, ceardlanna éagsúla ar bun chun an cheird féin a chur chun cinn agus fiú amhrán nua-chumtha ag an ngrúpa ''The Whileaways'' i dteannta lásadóirí a bhaineann le Tionscadal Lása Áth Cinn.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Eochaill ===
In Eochaill i gCorcaigh tá traidisiún a thosaigh i gceart le bean rialta le linn an Ghorta Mhóir. Thosaigh an tSiúr Mary Anne Smith ag múineadh na scileanna ar scoil agus díoladh mataí lása, ciarsúir agus éadaí, gnó a chabhraigh go mór go háitiúil. Bunaíodh scoil lásadóireachta go hoifigiúil in 1852, agus faoi 1854 bhí 120 cailín fostaithe ann agus an lása a dhíol mórthimpeall na tíre agus thar lear. Cé go ndeachaigh an tionscal i léig, cosúil le háiteanna eile, san fhichiú haois, bhí na scileanna fós á dtabhairt ar aghaidh, agus inniu tá meitheal dheas lásadóirí in Eochaill agus iarsmalann lása oscailte ann ó anuraidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Ceadaíocht|Ceardaíocht]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Lása]]
[[Catagóir:Na hEalaíona]]
[[Catagóir:Ceardaíocht]]</text>
      <sha1>jltrye5d5k5tszk1gk15y0elq17r01d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lace making</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128814</id>
    <redirect title="Lása (éadach)" />
    <revision>
      <id>1332027</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:44:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Lace making]] go [[Lása (éadach)]]</comment>
      <origin>1332027</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" sha1="imndjk7cwglw0p6p3igk7896pwtmuz2" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Lása (éadach)]]</text>
      <sha1>imndjk7cwglw0p6p3igk7896pwtmuz2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lása</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128815</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332029</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:45:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Lása]] go [[Lása (cathair)]]</comment>
      <origin>1332029</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" sha1="h851dukewzthx5x1elkomv9z28g6iv1" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Lása (cathair)]]</text>
      <sha1>h851dukewzthx5x1elkomv9z28g6iv1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332033</id>
      <parentid>1332029</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:47:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removed redirect to [[Lása (cathair)]]</comment>
      <origin>1332033</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="59" sha1="3n38p5jwu76hnl86zsl706s53whrg92" xml:space="preserve">{{Idirdhealú}}
* [[Lása (cathair)]]
* [[Lása (éadach)]]</text>
      <sha1>3n38p5jwu76hnl86zsl706s53whrg92</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Plé:Lása</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>128816</id>
    <redirect title="Plé:Lása (cathair)" />
    <revision>
      <id>1332031</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:45:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Plé:Lása]] go [[Plé:Lása (cathair)]]</comment>
      <origin>1332031</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" sha1="toa5ngwrmu2upg3r2ui2qjw8q526cg1" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Plé:Lása (cathair)]]</text>
      <sha1>toa5ngwrmu2upg3r2ui2qjw8q526cg1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Abair Leat</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128817</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332032</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:46:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Leathanach cruthaithe le '{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}  Is clár é '''''[[Abair Leat]]''''' ó [[Raidió na Life]] a dhéanamh ceiliúradh ar scéalaíocht, leabhair agus an litríocht. Ar an gclár bíonn sleachta ó shaothair éagsúla, tuairiscí speisialta agus agallaimh le daoine atá sáite i saol na litríochta. Láithreoirí éagsúla a bhíonn ina bhun. Craoltar go seachtainiúil é ag a 7:30 i.n. Dé Máirt. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.raidionalife.ie/closleabh...'</comment>
      <origin>1332032</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1545" sha1="nox2vzkmfwncxp6vkx6bx0de0da99y7" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

Is clár é '''''[[Abair Leat]]''''' ó [[Raidió na Life]] a dhéanamh ceiliúradh ar scéalaíocht, leabhair agus an litríocht. Ar an gclár bíonn sleachta ó shaothair éagsúla, tuairiscí speisialta agus agallaimh le daoine atá sáite i saol na litríochta. Láithreoirí éagsúla a bhíonn ina bhun. Craoltar go seachtainiúil é ag a 7:30 i.n. Dé Máirt. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.raidionalife.ie/closleabhar-den-ursceal-ficsean-eolaiochta-tinte-na-farraige-duibhe-le-tosnu-ar-raidio-na-life/|teideal=Closleabhar den úrscéal ficsean eolaíochta, Tinte na Farraige Duibhe, le tosnú ar Raidió na Life! – Raidió na Life – 106.4 FM|údar=Róisín Ní Mhaoláin|dáta=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|work=[[Raidió na Life]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fógraíodh i 2026 go raibh closleabhar den úrscéal ficsean eolaíochta le [[Tim Armstrong]] ''[[Tinte na Farraige Duibhe]]'', á léamh ag [[Eoin P. Ó Murchú]], le bheith foilsithe ina shraith mar chuid den chlár, agus go raibh closleabhar den úrscéal diostóipeach todhchaíoch le [[Celia de Fréine]] ''[[An Dara Rogha]]'' ar na bacáin do 2027, á léamh ag [[Hilary Bowen-Walsh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* ''[[An Cúinne Dána]]'' ([[RnaG]])

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

== Nascanna amach ==
* ?

[[Catagóir:Cláir raidió]]
[[Catagóir:Raidió na Life]]
[[Catagóir:Closleabhair]]
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]

{{Síol-raidió}}{{Síol-podchraoladh}}</text>
      <sha1>nox2vzkmfwncxp6vkx6bx0de0da99y7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332079</id>
      <parentid>1332032</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:35:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Roinnt athruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332079</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1558" sha1="i0lw7soc9x3delt2977tdpo9g8yekbz" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

Is clár é '''''[[Abair Leat]]''''' ó [[Raidió na Life]] a dhéanamh ceiliúradh ar scéalaíocht, leabhair agus an litríocht. Ar an gclár bíonn sleachta ó shaothair éagsúla, tuairiscí speisialta agus agallaimh le daoine atá sáite i saol na litríochta. Láithreoirí éagsúla a bhíonn ina bhun. Craoltar go seachtainiúil é ag a 7:30 i.n. Dé Máirt. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.raidionalife.ie/closleabhar-den-ursceal-ficsean-eolaiochta-tinte-na-farraige-duibhe-le-tosnu-ar-raidio-na-life/|teideal=Closleabhar den úrscéal ficsean eolaíochta, Tinte na Farraige Duibhe, le tosnú ar Raidió na Life! – Raidió na Life – 106.4 FM|údar=Róisín Ní Mhaoláin|dáta=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|work=[[Raidió na Life]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fógraíodh i 2026 go raibh closleabhar den úrscéal ficsean eolaíochta le [[Tim Armstrong]] ''[[Tinte na Farraige Duibhe]]'', á léamh ag [[Eoin P. Ó Murchú]], le bheith foilsithe ina shraith mar chuid den chlár, agus go raibh closleabhar den úrscéal diostóipeach todhchaíoch le [[Celia de Fréine]] ''[[An Dara Rogha]]'' ar na bacáin do 2027, á léamh ag [[Hilary Bowen-Walsh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* ''[[An Cúinne Dána]]'' ([[RnaG]])
* ''[[Léirmheas Leabhar]]'' ([[TG4]])

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Cláir raidió]]
[[Catagóir:Raidió na Life]]
[[Catagóir:Closleabhair]]
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]

{{Síol-raidió}}{{Síol-podchraoladh}}</text>
      <sha1>i0lw7soc9x3delt2977tdpo9g8yekbz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332080</id>
      <parentid>1332079</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:35:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Teideal iodálach</comment>
      <origin>1332080</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1580" sha1="i7l3a3mzrj3dsj6epycizekud5n0zpu" xml:space="preserve">{{Teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

Is clár é '''''[[Abair Leat]]''''' ó [[Raidió na Life]] a dhéanamh ceiliúradh ar scéalaíocht, leabhair agus an litríocht. Ar an gclár bíonn sleachta ó shaothair éagsúla, tuairiscí speisialta agus agallaimh le daoine atá sáite i saol na litríochta. Láithreoirí éagsúla a bhíonn ina bhun. Craoltar go seachtainiúil é ag a 7:30 i.n. Dé Máirt. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.raidionalife.ie/closleabhar-den-ursceal-ficsean-eolaiochta-tinte-na-farraige-duibhe-le-tosnu-ar-raidio-na-life/|teideal=Closleabhar den úrscéal ficsean eolaíochta, Tinte na Farraige Duibhe, le tosnú ar Raidió na Life! – Raidió na Life – 106.4 FM|údar=Róisín Ní Mhaoláin|dáta=27 Deireadh Fómhair 2026|work=[[Raidió na Life]]|dátarochtana=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fógraíodh i 2026 go raibh closleabhar den úrscéal ficsean eolaíochta le [[Tim Armstrong]] ''[[Tinte na Farraige Duibhe]]'', á léamh ag [[Eoin P. Ó Murchú]], le bheith foilsithe ina shraith mar chuid den chlár, agus go raibh closleabhar den úrscéal diostóipeach todhchaíoch le [[Celia de Fréine]] ''[[An Dara Rogha]]'' ar na bacáin do 2027, á léamh ag [[Hilary Bowen-Walsh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* ''[[An Cúinne Dána]]'' ([[RnaG]])
* ''[[Léirmheas Leabhar]]'' ([[TG4]])

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Cláir raidió]]
[[Catagóir:Raidió na Life]]
[[Catagóir:Closleabhair]]
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]

{{Síol-raidió}}{{Síol-podchraoladh}}</text>
      <sha1>i7l3a3mzrj3dsj6epycizekud5n0zpu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Abair Leat (idirdhealán)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128818</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332038</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:50:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Leathanach cruthaithe le '{{Idirdhealú}}  * [[Abair Leat!]] – líonra sóisialta * [[Abair Leat]] – clár de chuid [[Raidió na Life]]'</comment>
      <origin>1332038</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="113" sha1="ptkmoku6p8njfgjykr524mc58w70q05" xml:space="preserve">{{Idirdhealú}}

* [[Abair Leat!]] – líonra sóisialta
* [[Abair Leat]] – clár de chuid [[Raidió na Life]]</text>
      <sha1>ptkmoku6p8njfgjykr524mc58w70q05</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128819</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332040</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:51:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375634606|Irish Film &amp; Television Academy]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>1332040</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2108" sha1="g355z31d4hg02acnma9dcd9vx3ugp3q" xml:space="preserve">
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta|name=IFTA Academy Ltd&lt;ref name=&quot;ifta-terms&quot;/&gt;|image=|logo=IrishFilmandTelevisionimagelong3.jpg|successor=|subsidiaries=John Ford Ireland&lt;ref name=&quot;jfi-contact&quot;/&gt;|website={{URL|https://www.ifta.ie/}}|footnotes=}}Is eagraíocht uile-Éireann é '''Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifís na hÉireann''' ('''ASTÉ''') atá dírithe ar scannáin agus teilifís. Tá thart ar 1000 ball aige, agus is i mBaile Átha Cliath atá sé lonnaithe, agus brainsí aige i Londain agus i Los Angeles. Reáchtálann ASTÉ searmanais scartha anois do Ghradaim Scannán agus Drámaíochta ASTÉ agus do Mhóroíche Ghradam Teilifíse ASTÉ faoi seach;&lt;ref name=&quot;ifta-about&quot; /&gt; roimh 2015, b'aon searmanas amháin iad, ar a dtugtaí Gradaim Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ifta.ie/awards/pastawards.php|title=Past Awards|publisher=Irish Film &amp; Television Academy|access-date=2018-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Reáchtálann ASTÉ Comhagallamh John Ford Ireland gach Meitheamh agus breis is 30 imeacht líonraithe agus foghlama i rith na bliana freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;ifta-about&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ifta.ie/academy/index.html|title=About the Academy|date=2017-10-27|publisher=Irish Film &amp; Television Academy|access-date=2018-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhunaigh ASTÉ John Ford Ireland sa bhliain 2011 freisin, i gcomhar le heastát an stiúrthóra Meiriceánaigh [[John Ford]] agus an [[An Roinn Turasóireachta, Cultúir, Ealaíon, Gaeltachta, Spóirt agus na Meán|Roinn Cultúir, Oidhreachta agus na Gaeltachta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;jfi-contact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.johnfordireland.org/index.php/contact-jfi|title=About Us|publisher=John Ford Ireland|access-date=2018-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232119/http://www.johnfordireland.org/index.php/contact-jfi|archive-date=25 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* Duaiseanna Jacob

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* {{Suíomh gréasáin oifigiúil|https://www.ifta.ie/}}
{{IFTA}}{{National Cinema Awards}}
[[Catagóir:Teilifís in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Siamsaíocht in Éirinn]]</text>
      <sha1>g355z31d4hg02acnma9dcd9vx3ugp3q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332073</id>
      <parentid>1332040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:30:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Catagóirí curtha leis agus roinnt athuithe</comment>
      <origin>1332073</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2580" sha1="ahm1hykaag9vdg1iq7khdaetg1dug6a" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta
|subsidiaries=John Ford Ireland&lt;ref name=&quot;jfi-contact&quot;/&gt;
|lloc_web={{URL|https://www.ifta.ie/}}
}}

Is eagraíocht uile-Éireann é '''Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifís na hÉireann''' ('''ASTÉ''') atá dírithe ar scannáin agus teilifís. Tá thart ar 1000 ball aige, agus is i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]] atá sé lonnaithe, agus brainsí aige i [[Londain]] agus i [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]]. Reáchtálann ASTÉ searmanais scartha anois do [[Gradaim Scannán agus Drámaíochta ASTÉ|Ghradaim Scannán agus Drámaíochta ASTÉ]] agus do [[Móroíche Ghradam Teilifíse ASTÉ|Mhóroíche Ghradam Teilifíse ASTÉ]] faoi seach;&lt;ref name=&quot;ifta-about&quot; /&gt; roimh 2015, b'aon searmanas amháin iad, ar a dtugtaí Gradaim Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ifta.ie/awards/pastawards.php|title=Past Awards|publisher=Irish Film &amp; Television Academy|access-date=2018-03-24|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt; Reáchtálann ASTÉ Comhagallamh John Ford Ireland gach Meitheamh agus breis is 30 imeacht líonraithe agus foghlama i rith na bliana freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;ifta-about&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ifta.ie/academy/index.html|title=About the Academy|date=2017-10-27|publisher=Irish Film &amp; Television Academy|access-date=2018-03-24|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhunaigh ASTÉ John Ford Ireland sa bhliain 2011 freisin, i gcomhar le heastát an stiúrthóra Meiriceánaigh [[John Ford]] agus an [[An Roinn Turasóireachta, Cultúir, Ealaíon, Gaeltachta, Spóirt agus na Meán|Roinn Cultúir, Oidhreachta agus na Gaeltachta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;jfi-contact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.johnfordireland.org/index.php/contact-jfi|title=About Us|publisher=John Ford Ireland|access-date=2018-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232119/http://www.johnfordireland.org/index.php/contact-jfi|archive-date=25 March 2018|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Gradaim Chumarsáide an Oireachtais]]
* [[Féile na Meán Ceilteach]]
* Duaiseanna Jacob

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* {{Suíomh gréasáin oifigiúil|https://www.ifta.ie/}}

[[Catagóir:Scannánaíocht in Éirinn|*]]
[[Catagóir:Teilifís in Éirinn|*]]
[[Catagóir:Siamsaíocht in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Dámhachtainí scannánaíochta]]
[[Catagóir:Gradaim teilifíse]]
[[Catagóir:Meáin na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Tionscal na meán]]
[[Catagóir:Tionscal na teilifíse]]
[[Catagóir:Meáin chumarsáide]]
[[Catagóir:Craoltóireacht]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 2003]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 2000í]]</text>
      <sha1>ahm1hykaag9vdg1iq7khdaetg1dug6a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1332074</id>
      <parentid>1332073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:30:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Mionathruithe</comment>
      <origin>1332074</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2576" sha1="f42kqhmim3hvcsb26cdswlm0kumu9ju" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta
|subsidiaries=John Ford Ireland&lt;ref name=&quot;jfi-contact&quot;/&gt;
|lloc_web={{URL|https://www.ifta.ie/}}
}}

Is eagraíocht uile-Éireann é '''Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifís na hÉireann''' ('''ASTÉ''') atá dírithe ar scannáin agus teilifís. Tá thart ar 1000 ball aige, agus is i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]] atá sé lonnaithe, agus brainsí aige i [[Londain]] agus i [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]]. Reáchtálann ASTÉ searmanais scartha anois do [[Gradaim Scannán agus Drámaíochta ASTÉ|Ghradaim Scannán agus Drámaíochta ASTÉ]] agus do [[Móroíche Ghradam Teilifíse ASTÉ|Mhóroíche Ghradam Teilifíse ASTÉ]] faoi seach;&lt;ref name=&quot;ifta-about&quot; /&gt; roimh 2015, b'aon searmanas amháin iad, ar a dtugtaí Gradaim Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ifta.ie/awards/pastawards.php|title=Past Awards|publisher=Irish Film &amp; Television Academy|access-date=2018-03-24|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt; Reáchtálann ASTÉ Comhagallamh John Ford Ireland gach Meitheamh agus breis is 30 imeacht líonraithe agus foghlama i rith na bliana freisin.&lt;ref name=&quot;ifta-about&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ifta.ie/academy/index.html|title=About the Academy|date=2017-10-27|publisher=Irish Film &amp; Television Academy|access-date=2018-03-24|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhunaigh ASTÉ John Ford Ireland sa bhliain 2011 freisin, i gcomhar le heastát an stiúrthóra Meiriceánaigh [[John Ford]] agus an [[An Roinn Turasóireachta, Cultúir, Ealaíon, Gaeltachta, Spóirt agus na Meán|Roinn Cultúir, Oidhreachta agus na Gaeltachta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;jfi-contact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.johnfordireland.org/index.php/contact-jfi|title=About Us|publisher=John Ford Ireland|access-date=2018-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232119/http://www.johnfordireland.org/index.php/contact-jfi|archive-date=25 March 2018|language=as Béarla}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Gradaim Chumarsáide an Oireachtais]]
* [[Féile na Meán Ceilteach]]
* Duaiseanna Jacob

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* Suíomh oifigiúil: [https://www.ifta.ie/ ifta.ie]

[[Catagóir:Scannánaíocht in Éirinn|*]]
[[Catagóir:Teilifís in Éirinn|*]]
[[Catagóir:Siamsaíocht in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Dámhachtainí scannánaíochta]]
[[Catagóir:Gradaim teilifíse]]
[[Catagóir:Meáin na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Tionscal na meán]]
[[Catagóir:Tionscal na teilifíse]]
[[Catagóir:Meáin chumarsáide]]
[[Catagóir:Craoltóireacht]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 2003]]
[[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 2000í]]</text>
      <sha1>f42kqhmim3hvcsb26cdswlm0kumu9ju</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>IFTA</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128820</id>
    <redirect title="Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann" />
    <revision>
      <id>1332041</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:52:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Taghdtaighde</username>
        <id>60452</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ag athdhíriú go [[Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann]]</comment>
      <origin>1332041</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="cx9urvxr7zxz865n7hnbr7j9c0g33jd" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[  Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann]]</text>
      <sha1>cx9urvxr7zxz865n7hnbr7j9c0g33jd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catagóir:Ceardaíocht</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>128821</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332063</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:05:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Leathanach cruthaithe le '[[Catagóir: Meáin ealaíne]] [[Catagóir: Lámhcheardaíochta]] [[Catagóir: Scileanna]] [[Catagóir: Eacnamaíocht mheánaoiseach]]'</comment>
      <origin>1332063</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="134" sha1="4c6rrijdnmwrc9ac0a1q44f3ai9qbk0" xml:space="preserve">[[Catagóir: Meáin ealaíne]]
[[Catagóir: Lámhcheardaíochta]]
[[Catagóir: Scileanna]]
[[Catagóir: Eacnamaíocht mheánaoiseach]]</text>
      <sha1>4c6rrijdnmwrc9ac0a1q44f3ai9qbk0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Caitríona Ní Chonghaile</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128822</id>
    <redirect title="Catherine Connolly" />
    <revision>
      <id>1332086</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:39:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>TGcoa moved page [[Caitríona Ní Chonghaile]] to [[Catherine Connolly]] over redirect</comment>
      <origin>1332086</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="kes469d23n9esbzn5lmj32gscu4668n" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Catherine Connolly]]</text>
      <sha1>kes469d23n9esbzn5lmj32gscu4668n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brian de Stainléigh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128823</id>
    <redirect title="Brian Stanley" />
    <revision>
      <id>1332089</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:43:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>TGcoa moved page [[Brian de Stainléigh]] to [[Brian Stanley]] over redirect</comment>
      <origin>1332089</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="gvl9kr8iiww5x8hfmiov2p15yw4dn8v" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Brian Stanley]]</text>
      <sha1>gvl9kr8iiww5x8hfmiov2p15yw4dn8v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Appeals Centre Europe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128824</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1332098</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T08:11:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59218-79</username>
        <id>78623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Leathanach cruthaithe le ''''Eagraíocht Éireannach''' is ea '''Appeals Centre Europe''' a dhéanann athbhreithniú ar dhíospóidí idir úsáideoirí agus ardáin ar líne maidir le cinntí faoi mhodhnóireacht ábhair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cnam.ie/industry-and-professionals/online-safety-framework/certifications-schemes/out-of-court-dispute-settlement-bodies/|teideal=Out-of-court dispute settlement bodies|language=en-US|work=Coimisiún na Meán|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;...'</comment>
      <origin>1332098</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2050" sha1="ds39c3ih01cgzedhnj6mimjeml7usbe" xml:space="preserve">'''Eagraíocht Éireannach''' is ea '''Appeals Centre Europe''' a dhéanann athbhreithniú ar dhíospóidí idir úsáideoirí agus ardáin ar líne maidir le cinntí faoi mhodhnóireacht ábhair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cnam.ie/industry-and-professionals/online-safety-framework/certifications-schemes/out-of-court-dispute-settlement-bodies/|teideal=Out-of-court dispute settlement bodies|language=en-US|work=Coimisiún na Meán|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá a ceanncheathrú i mBaile Átha Cliath, Éire, agus oibríonn sí faoi chuimsiú an Achta um Sheirbhísí Digiteacha de chuid an Aontais Eorpaigh.

Deimhníodh an eagraíocht mar chomhlacht um réiteach díospóidí lasmuigh den chúirt ag Coimisiún na Meán an 26 Meán Fómhair 2024, ar feadh tréimhse cúig bliana. Thosaigh sí ag glacadh le cásanna i mí na Samhna 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Increase in complaints to EU social media appeals body|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2026/0528/1575608-social-media-complaints/|date=2026-05-28|language=en|author=Brian O'Donovan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Feidhmeanna ==

Déanann Appeals Centre Europe measúnú ar dhíospóidí a bhaineann le hábhar a bhaint, srianta ar ábhar agus cuntais úsáideoirí a chur ar fionraí. Déanann a hathbhreithneoirí measúnú ar bheartais na n-ardán agus ar an bhfianaise atá ar fáil chun a chinneadh ar cuireadh na rialacha i bhfeidhm mar is ceart.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/business/media/media-regulator-insists-appeals-body-with-links-to-meta-is-independent/a/131684433.html|teideal=Media regulator insists appeals body with links to Meta is ‘independent’|dáta=2024-10-12|language=en-IE|work=Irish Independent|dátarochtana=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Faoi Airteagal 21 den Acht um Sheirbhísí Digiteacha, féadfaidh úsáideoirí díospóidí áirithe le hardáin ar líne a chur faoi bhráid comhlachtaí deimhnithe um réiteach díospóidí lasmuigh den chúirt. Níl cinntí na gcomhlachtaí sin ceangailteach ar na hardáin.

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>ds39c3ih01cgzedhnj6mimjeml7usbe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>