Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1566 97293 79390 2026-04-25T16:07:50Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 97293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q17166406}} '''Grace Omaboe''' (dem born am 10 [[June]] 1946) she be popularly known '''Maame Dokono''' wey be [[Ghanaian]] actress, singer, television personality, author den former politician.<ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/42124/grace-omaboe-mom-dies-at.html "Grace Omaboe Mom Dies At 105"]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 2021-05-27.</ref><ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/in-celebration-of-grace-omaboe-most-talented-ghanaian-entertainer.html "In celebration of Grace Omaboe: Most talented Ghanaian entertainer"]. ''Graphic Online''. 2018-03-12. Retrieved 2019-11-26.</ref><ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics-scares-me-now-maame-dokono/ "Politics scares me now - Maame Dokono"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. Retrieved 2019-03-02.</ref> Na she dey run de former Peace and Love Orphanage wey rydi e be Graceful Grace school for [[Accra]] insyd.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201224122102/https://www.todaygh.com/personality-profile-grace-omaboe-veteran-ghanaian-actress/ "Personality Profile: Grace Omaboe; A veteran Ghanaian actress – Today Newspaper"]. Archived from [https://www.todaygh.com/personality-profile-grace-omaboe-veteran-ghanaian-actress/ the original] on 2020-12-24. Retrieved 2020-04-03.</ref> Organizers of 3Music Awards honor am secof ein achievement give de entertainment industry for [[Ghana]] insyd.<ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/theresa-ayoade-akosua-adjepong-daughters-of-glorious-jesus-others-honoured-at-3music-womens-brunch/ "Theresa Ayoade, Akosua Adjepong, Daughters of Glorious Jesus, others honoured at 3Music Women's Brunch - MyJoyOnline.com"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 9 March 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-08.</ref> == Ein early life == Dem born Grace Omaboe insyd June 1946 insyd Nyafuman, [[Birim North District]], [[Ghana]].<ref name=":0">[https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Maame-Dokono-200 "Maame Dokono, Biography"]. ''ghanaweb.com.'' Retrieved 2025-09-28.</ref> Grace Omaboe started ein career insyd de arts by performing insyd school plays den local theater productions.<ref>[https://gistflare.com.ng/grace-omaboe-biography-age-husband-net-worth-parents-siblings-family-movies/ "Grace Omaboe Biography: Age, Husband, Net Worth, Parents, Siblings, Family, Movies"]. 2023-06-10. Retrieved 2025-09-06.</ref> Ein talent den charm were noticeable from de beginning. Omaboe's first acting role go be insyd de Akan Drama Series "OBRA" wey dem broadcast am for GBC TV top.<ref>[https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/condolences-maame-dokono-loses-mother/slc9w8x "Maame Dokono loses mother"]. ''Pulse Ghana''. 2017-03-24. Retrieved 2021-05-27.</ref> Omaboe go be scriptwriter give de television series, Osofo Dadzie<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210527150822/https://www.ghlinks.com.gh/grace-omaboe-biography-age-education/ "Grace Omaboe, Biography, Age, Education, By The Fire Side, Net worth, Date Of Birth, Maame Dokono, Birthday » GhLinks.com.gh™"]. Retrieved 2021-05-27.</ref> == Ein education == She attended Abetifi Girls Senior High School. She furthered ein studies at de [[University of Ghana]], wey she obtained a degree insyd Theatre Arts.<ref>[https://gistflare.com.ng/grace-omaboe-biography-age-husband-net-worth-parents-siblings-family-movies/ "Grace Omaboe Biography: Age, Husband, Net Worth, Parents, Siblings, Family, Movies"]. 2023-06-10. Retrieved 2025-09-06.</ref> == Ein career == Omaboe go initially be writer for Osofo Dadzi top insyd de 70s wen she go be encouraged by Nana Bosompra to act insyd a series, wey she co-produced wey dem called am Keteke.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/in-celebration-of-grace-omaboe-most-talented-ghanaian-entertainer.html "In celebration of Grace Omaboe: Most talented Ghanaian entertainer"]. ''Graphic Online''. 2018-03-12. Retrieved 2019-04-13.</ref> Insyd de 90s, she hosted a popular kids' show wey dem called am The Fireside for National television top.<ref>[https://eananse.com/launch-of-by-the-fireside/ "LAUNCH OF 'BY THE FIRESIDE' – e-Ananse"]. 2022-05-29. Retrieved 2024-11-19.</ref> Omaboe featured insyd several Ghanaian movies, sana Akan den English. She starred insyd de 2013 short film ''Kwaku Ananse''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171201060721/http://www.2dots.co/2013/01/trailer-kwaku-ananse-film-by-akosua.html "Kwaku Ananse Film by Akosua Adoma Owusu"]. 2dots.co. Archived from [http://www.2dots.co/2013/01/trailer-kwaku-ananse-film-by-akosua.html the original] on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2015.</ref> Insyd 2000, Omaboe stood as a parliamentary candidate give de [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]] (NDC) insyd [[New Abirem]] give Birim North Constituency insyd de [[Eastern Region (Ghana)|Eastern Region]] wey she came second.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240814154943/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/eastern/242/ "Election 2000: Birim North Constituency"]. ''Peace FM Online''. 14 August 2024.</ref> Insyd 2008, Omaboe supported de [[New Patriotic Party]] (NPP).<ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Maame-Dokono-defects-to-NPP-148610 "Maame Dokono defects to NPP"]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. 30 November 2001. Retrieved 2017-06-15.</ref> Omaboe claimed dat de [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]] fabricated stories against am, wey required am to fight den win a court case brought against ein orphanage give criminal negligence.<ref>[http://www.justiceghana.com/index.php/en/books/7-hot-news/1034-ndc-destroyed-my-life-maame-dokono "NDC destroyed my life – Maame Dokono"]. ''www.justiceghana.com''. Retrieved 2017-06-15.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Dem closed de orphanage down sekof dem dey operate without a licence.<ref>[https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/119393/legal "Court acquits and discharges Maame Dokono"]. ''Business Ghana''. 6 August 2010.</ref> Omaboe left politics insyd 2016, saying it be a waste of time, money, den full of people telling untruths.<ref>Essah, Helena (2016-03-22). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180808073351/http://www.ghanalive.tv/2016/03/22/maame-dokono-politics-is-all-full-of-lies/ "Maame Dokono: Politics is all full of lies"]. ''Ghana Live TV''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved 2017-06-15.</ref> Dem select Omaboe to be President of de 2017 Golden Movie Awards Africa (GMAA) jury.<ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Grace-Omaboe-appointed-head-of-jury-for-2017-GMAA-541843 "Grace Omaboe appointed head of jury for 2017 GMAA"]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. 27 May 2017. Retrieved 2017-06-15.</ref><ref>[https://newsghana.com.gh/grace-omaboe-appointed-head-of-jury-for-2017-gmaa/ "Grace Omaboe appointed head of jury for 2017 GMAA"]. 27 May 2017. Retrieved 2020-04-03.</ref> == Ein filmography == * ''Crossfire'' * ''Sacrifice'' * ''[[Keteke]]'' * ''Jewels'' * ''Jewels 2'' *''Obra'' *''Matters of the Heart (1993)'' *''I Surrender (1998) as Julie'' *''A Stab in the Dark (1999)'' *''Expectations'' (1999) as Obaa Mercy *''Kwaku Ananse (Short film) (2013) as Aso Yaa'' *''Children of The Mountain (2016) as Naana'' *''[[John and John]] (2017)'' *''Amerikafo (Short film) (2018) as Grandma'' *''P over D (2019) as Maame Serwaa'' *''[[Aloe Vera (film)|Aloe Vera]] (2020)'' *''Nobody's Ex (2021) as Grandma'' *''Freedom and Justice (2021) as Mother'' *''Red Carpet (2022)'' *''Yaa (2023)'' == Ein personal life == Omaboe has been married den subsequently divorced twice.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/I-regret-leaving-my-first-husband-Maame-Dokono-595513 "I regret leaving my first husband – Maame Dokono"]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 2019-04-13.</ref> She has six children, two of whom be based insyd de [[United States]], two insyd de Netherlands, den de rest insyd Ghana.<ref>Juanita Sallah. [http://www.starrfmonline.com/1.4494473 "I wish I could do 'By the Fireside' again – Maame Dokono"]. ''starrfmonline.com''. Retrieved 29 August 2015.</ref><ref>News Ghana (13 June 2015). [http://newsghana.com.gh/veteran-actress-grace-omaboe-dazzles-at-golden-movie-awards-screening/ "Veteran actress Grace Omaboe dazzles at Golden Movie Awards screening"]. ''newsghana.com.gh''. Retrieved 29 August 2015.</ref><ref>Patrick Ayumu. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151222121621/http://www.starrfmonline.com/1.1794385 "Maame Dokono was a "disaster" for NPP – Arthur K"]. ''starrfmonline.com''. Archived from [http://www.starrfmonline.com/1.1794385 the original] on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.</ref> Omaboe says she had a relationship plus [[David Dontoh]] during dema days on Keteke den Obra. It is believed dat de pair dated give about four years during dema heyday. Dontoh does not confirm anaa deny dem rumors<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/u07sBaImReg Ghostarchive] and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20210715004733/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u07sBaImReg Wayback Machine]: ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u07sBaImReg Veteran Ghanaian actor David Dontoh talks about his life, acting career and more on Upside Down]. YouTube.''</ref> nanso insists dat de two be very good friends den particularly close during de period wen Omaboe was separated from ein first husband.<ref>[https://www.adomonline.com/why-i-broke-up-with-david-dontor-maame-dokono/ "Maame Dokono explains break up with David Dontor"]. 26 November 2019.</ref> Omaboe den Dontoh separated nanso have remained close friends eva since.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211026090106/https://www.ghgossip.com/i-broke-up-with-david-dontoh-because-i-couldnt-give-him-a-child-maame-dokono-reveals/ "'I Broke up with David Dontoh Because I Couldn't Give Him a Child"-Maame Dokono Reveals"]. 30 March 2021. Archived from [https://www.ghgossip.com/i-broke-up-with-david-dontoh-because-i-couldnt-give-him-a-child-maame-dokono-reveals/ the original] on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/My-inability-to-give-David-Dontoh-a-child-broke-us-up-Maame-Dokono-1220227 "My inability to give David Dontoh a child broke us up – Maame Dokono"]. 31 March 2021.</ref> On de 6th of October 2024, at de Accra International Conference Center (AICC), wey Omaboe go be honored during de Ghana Women Awards program, she made a statement wey dey describe einself as a living legend wen she go be giving ein speech.<ref>[https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/I-m-a-living-legend-Maame-Dokono-after-being-honoured-at-2024-Ghana-Women-Awards-1955183 "'I'm a living legend' - Maame Dokono after being honoured at 2024 Ghana Women Awards"]. ''ghanaweb.com''. Retrieved 2025-09-28.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[imdbname:5355730|Grace Omaboe]] at IMDb * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170218171619/https://yen.com.gh/40607-im-not-sick-maame-dokono-tells-ghanaians.html <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170218171619/https://yen.com.gh/40607-im-not-sick-maame-dokono-tells-ghanaians.html Archived] 2017-02-18 at the Wayback Machine {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |Authority control databases |- !International |[[isni:000000004502367X|ISNI]] [[viaf:5638157470206222640002|VIAF]] [[viaf:78451863|2]] [https://d-nb.info/gnd/1199958964 GND] |- !National |[[lofc:no2002079088|United States]] |- !Other |[https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/4d86d977-3a33-42ba-a891-de5dd4b695b7 Yale LUX] |} [[Category:Ghana celeb]] [[Category:Ghanaian actors]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:1946 births]] [[Category:20th-century Ghanaian actresses]] [[Category:21st-century Ghanaian actresses]] [[Category:Ghanaians]] [[Category:Ghanaian film actresses]] [[Category:Ghanaian television personalities]] [[Category:20th-century Ghanaian writers]] [[Category:Ghanaian writers]] [[Category:21st-century Ghanaian politicians]] [[Category:20th-century Ghanaian politicians]] [[Category:Ghanaian politicians]] [[Category:Ghanaian musicians]] [[Category:Ghanaian women musicians]] [[Category:Ghanaian television actresses]] [[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women politicians]] r7vfkzc40vtdsldfxv8gyrzyexa81hb 0 1613 97294 80090 2026-04-25T18:27:08Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 97294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q51002}} '''Jerry John Rawlings''' (22 June 1947 – 12 November 2020)<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jerry-J-Rawlings "Jerry J. Rawlings – Biography & Facts"]. ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. 12 November 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2021.</ref> be Ghanaian Presido, Soja den politician wey lead de country from 1981 to 2001 wey he san lead for some small time be for 1979 insyd. He lead soja government ahh till 1992, den he san serve two terms as presido wey be democratically for Ghana.<ref>[http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/ghana/history "Ghana : History"]. ''thecommonwealth''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190507232832/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/ghana/history Archived] from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/rawlings-hails-frontline-health-workers/ "Rawlings hails frontline health workers"]. ''MyJoyOnline''. 4 June 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200605200655/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/rawlings-hails-frontline-health-workers/ Archived] from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jerry-J-Rawlings "Jerry J. Rawlings | head of state, Ghana"]. ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 3 August 2020.</ref> Rawlings come chop power for [[Ghana]] as he be flight lieutenant for Ghana Air Force after he make coup d'état for 1979 insyd. Before that nu, he led a coup bi wey do yawa on 15 May 1979, as Major Abubakar Sulemana (Rtd) of RECCE regiment barb am plus ein boys wey dey come do de coup. Dem lock Rawlings den some of ein boys wey dem barb nu. De Soja govament for dat time decide say dem go kill Rawlings. But on June 4, 1979, some Soja boys wey dey feel Rawlings ein vibes break am out from de gaaroom wey he come be dema leader for June 4th insyd. After June 4 nu, he carry power give civilian govament. After he hand power give civilian government, he san go take control of de country for 31 December 1981 as de chairmo of de Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240609212441/https://asq.africa.ufl.edu/adedeji_summer01/ "The Legacy of J.J. Rawlings in Ghanaian Politics, 1979-2000"]. ''asq.africa.ufl.edu''. Retrieved 9 June 2024.</ref> For 1992 insyd, Rawlings resign from de soja, wey he go create de National Democratic Congress (NDC), den ge come turn de first President of de Fourth Republic. Dem san elect am for 1996 insyd wey he chop four years add.<ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=166 "Flt.-Lt. (Rtd) Jerry John Rawlings Profile"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130214115152/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=166 Archived] from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2013.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210217103356/https://myghpage.com/jerry-john-rawlings/ "Jerry John Rawlings Profile – MyGHPage"]. Retrieved 5 December 2020.</ref> After de two terms he dey office nu, limit time wey dey de Ghana Constitution insyd, Rawlings support ein vice-president [[John Atta Mills]] so say he go stand as a presidential candidate for 2000 insyd. Rawlings go serve as de [[African Union]] envoy give Somalia.<ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/au-chairperson-receives-high-representative-for-somalia-jerry-john-rawlings/ "AU Chairperson receives High Representative for Somalia, Jerry John Rawlings"]. ''MyJoyOnline''. 31 January 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2020.</ref> He die for November 2020 insyd, he chop 73 wey dem accord state funeral give am.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/ghana-buries-former-president-jerry-rawlings-with-honors-ghana-president-leader-coups-country-b1793674.html "Ghana buries former president Jerry Rawlings with honors"]. ''The Independent''. 27 January 2021. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/ghana-buries-former-president-jerry-rawlings-with-honors-ghana-president-leader-coups-country-b1793674.html Archived] from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2021.</ref><ref>Accra, Staff and agencies in (12 November 2020). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/12/ghana-former-leader-jerry-rawlings-dies-at-73 "Ghana's former leader Jerry Rawlings dies at 73"]. ''the Guardian''. Retrieved 20 November 2020.</ref> == Ein background == Dem born Rawlings as Jerry Rawlings John for 22 June, 1947 for [[Accra]], Ghana insyd, to Victoria Agbotui, Anlo Ewe wey komot Dzelukope, [[Keta Municipal District|Keta]], den James Ramsey John, chemist wey komot Castle Douglas for Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland insyd. Rawlings attend [[Achimota School]], den military academy for Teshie.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Nugent, Paul (2009). "Nkrumah and Rawlings: Political Lives in Parallel?". ''Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana'' (12): 35–56. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406753 41406753].</ref> Rawlings marry Nana Konadu Agyeman, he meet am for Achimota College. Na dem get three kiddies: [[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings|Zanetor Rawlings]], Yaa Asantewaa Rawlings, Amina Rawlings; den one son, Kimathi Rawlings.<ref>Gracia, Zindzy (1 February 2018). [https://yen.com.gh/104923-jj-rawlings-children-wife.html "Jj Rawlings' Family"]. ''Yen.com.gh – Ghana news''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190802234547/https://yen.com.gh/104923-jj-rawlings-children-wife.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.</ref><ref>MyNewsGH (28 November 2018). [https://www.mynewsgh.com/all-my-children-are-politicians-konadu-rawlings-makes-shocking-disclosure/ "All my CHILDREN are POLITICIANS – Konadu RAWLINGS makes shocking disclosure"]. ''MyNewsGh''. Retrieved 26 May 2020.</ref> Na Junior Agogo be Rawlings ein nephew.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230813180720/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Mahama-s-son-Asiedu-Nketia-s-nephew-Four-Ghanaian-footballers-who-are-related-to-politicians-1545800 "Mahama's son, Asiedu Nketia's nephew: Four Ghanaian footballers who are related to politicians"]. ''GhanaWeb''. 25 May 2022. Archived from [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Mahama-s-son-Asiedu-Nketia-s-nephew-Four-Ghanaian-footballers-who-are-related-to-politicians-1545800 the original] on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2022.</ref> ==== Education den military career ==== Rawlings complete him secondary school for Achimota College for 1967.<ref name=":0222">{{Cite journal |last=Morrison |first=Minion K. C. |author-link=Minion K. C. Morrison |date=2004 |title=Political Parties in Ghana through Four Republics: A Path to Democratic Consolidation |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=421–442 |doi=10.2307/4150169 |jstor=4150169}}</ref> E join Ghana Air Force sharp- sharp after that. For him application, dem change him surname John plus him middle name Rawlings to John Rawlings.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 July 2020|title=Rawlings recounts how the military changed his 'real surname'|url=https://www.adomonline.com/rawlings-recounts-how-the-military-changed-his-real-surname/|access-date=8 September 2020|website=Adom Online}}</ref> For March 1968, dem post am go Takoradi for Ghana West Region to continue him studies. He graduate for January 1969 and dem commission am as pilot officer, plus him win de big 'Speed Bird Trophy' as di best cadet wey sabi fly di Su-7 jet. E even reach flight lieutenant rank for April 1978. While e dey serve for Ghana Air Force, Rawlings see say discipline and morale dey drop because of corruption for di Supreme Military Council (SMC). As promotion carry am go meet di big boys wey get money and their wahala, e begin dey see di injustice wey dey for society. So, SMC no too dey feel am again. After di 1979 coup, e begin mix with di student community for University of Ghana, where e start to dey read and discuss social and political ideas wey make am ginger leftist ideology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of the Former President of the Republic of Ghana, FLT Lt Jerry John Rawlings|url=http://www.jjrawlings.info/about.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227102214/http://www.jjrawlings.info/about.html|archive-date=27 December 2012|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-12|title=Former President Jerry John Rawlings dies aged 73|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/11/former-president-jerry-john-rawlings-dies-aged-73/|access-date=2024-08-27|language=en-US}}</ref> == 1979 coup plus purges == Rawlings no dey happy with Ignatius Kutu Acheampong government wey take power through coup for January 1972.<ref name=":2222">{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Paul |date=2009 |title=Nkrumah and Rawlings: Political Lives in Parallel? |journal=Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana |issue=12 |pages=35–56 |jstor=41406753}}</ref> Dem fit talk say Acheampong dey chop money, plus e no help Ghana stand on e own, make we dey rely on old colonial powers, wey cause our economy to dey fall and people dey suffer from poverty.<ref name=":2222" /> Rawlings be part of Free Africa Movement, na underground group of military officers wey wan make Africa one through plenty coups. For Tuesday, 15 May, 1979, five weeks before dem go vote, Rawlings and six soldiers do coup wey no work, dem catch dem for military.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2018/5/15/may-15-1979-flt-lt-jerry-rawlings-arrested-after-failed-military-uprising|title=May 15, 1979: Flt. Lt. Jerry Rawlings arrested after failed military uprising|work=Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation|access-date=24 November 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125204519/https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2018/5/15/may-15-1979-flt-lt-jerry-rawlings-arrested-after-failed-military-uprising|archive-date=25 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem give Rawlings death sentence for General Court Martial and lock am up, but as e talk about the social wahala wey make am act like dat, people wey dey outside start to like am.<ref name=":5" /> While e dey wait make dem execute am, soldiers come rescue am for Monday, 4 June, 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pike|first=John|title=Ghana – Rawlings Coup|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/ghana-coup.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129012749/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/ghana-coup.htm|archive-date=29 November 2018|access-date=28 November 2018|website=globalsecurity.}}</ref> E dey claim say the government dey corrupt pass wetin fit change, and Ghana need new leadership to develop, so e lead the soldiers to remove Akuffo Government and Supreme Military Council.<ref name=":02222">{{Cite journal |last=Morrison |first=Minion K. C. |author-link=Minion K. C. Morrison |date=2004 |title=Political Parties in Ghana through Four Republics: A Path to Democratic Consolidation |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=421–442 |doi=10.2307/4150169 |jstor=4150169}}</ref> After small time, Rawlings form plus be de Chairman for 15-member Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC), wey be mostly junior officers.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Adedeji |first=John |date=Summer 2001 |title=The Legacy of J.J. Rawlings in Ghanaian Politics 1979–2000 |url=http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Adedeji-Vol-5-Issue-2.pdf |url-status=live |journal=African Studies Quarterly |volume=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215005718/http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Adedeji-Vol-5-Issue-2.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2019 |access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref><ref name=":02223">{{Cite journal |last=Morrison |first=Minion K. C. |author-link=Minion K. C. Morrison |date=2004 |title=Political Parties in Ghana through Four Republics: A Path to Democratic Consolidation |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=421–442 |doi=10.2307/4150169 |jstor=4150169}}</ref> Him plus de AFRC rule for 112 days and dem arrange say dem go use firing squad execute eight military officers, include Generals Kotei, Joy Amedume, Roger Felli, and Utuka, plus three former Ghana heads of state: Acheampong, Akuffo, plus Akwasi Afrifa.<ref name=":22222">{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Paul |date=2009 |title=Nkrumah and Rawlings: Political Lives in Parallel? |journal=Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana |issue=12 |pages=35–56 |jstor=41406753}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Jerry J. Rawlings {{!}} head of state, Ghana|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jerry-J-Rawlings|access-date=3 August 2020|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> Dis executions be serious wahala for Ghana history, as dem no really see plenty political violence before. Rawlings later run bigger 'house-cleaning exercise' wey involve killing and kidnapping over 300 Ghanaians. Elections happen on schedule after di coup. For Monday, 24 September 1979, Rawlings hand over power peacefully to President Hilla Limann, wey him People’s National Party (PNP) get Nkrumah followers support.<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal |last=Adedeji |first=John |date=Summer 2001 |title=The Legacy of J.J. Rawlings in Ghanaian Politics 1979–2000 |url=http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Adedeji-Vol-5-Issue-2.pdf |url-status=live |journal=African Studies Quarterly |volume=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215005718/http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Adedeji-Vol-5-Issue-2.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2019 |access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref> Two years later, on 31 December 1981, Rawlings come remove President Hilla Limann for another coup, talk say civilian rule dey weak and economy dey go down. Di killing of di Supreme Court justices Cecilia Koranteng-Addow, Frederick Sarkodie, and Kwadjo Agyei Agyepong, plus military officers Major Sam Acquah and Major Dasana Nantogmah happen under di second military rule of Rawlings. But dis one no be like di 1979 executions, as dem kidnap and kill dem quietly, and e dey unclear who do di killings, although Joachim Amartey Kwei and four others get jail for di Justices and Acquah matter and dem execute dem for 1982.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schabas|first1=William A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6bs46WXI_ZUC&q=jj+rawlings+executions+of+three+supreme+court+justices&pg=PA128|title=Truth Commission and Courts: The Tension Between Criminal Justice and the Search for Truth|last2=Darcy|first2=Shane|date=18 February 2005|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781402032233|page=128|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> == 1981 coup den reforms == Rawlings tink say Limann no fit solve Ghana wahala wey come from neocolonial economy, so e lead another coup wey carry Limann plus all di politicians go down for 31 December, 1981.<ref name=":122">{{Cite journal |last=Abdulai |first=David |date=1992 |title=Rawlings "Wins" Ghana's Presidential Elections: Establishing a New Constitutional Order |journal=Africa Today |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=66–71 |jstor=4186868}}</ref> Instead of Limann People National Party, Rawlings set up di Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) military juntas as di official government.<ref name=":122" /> Rawlings dey host state visits from some revolutionaries wey come from other countries, like Dési Bouterse (Suriname),<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=12 November 2020|title=Couppleger, oud-president van Ghana en vriend van Desi Bouterse, Jerry Rawlings, overleden (73)|url=https://www.dbsuriname.com/2020/11/12/couppleger-oud-president-van-ghana-en-vriend-van-desi-bouterse-jerry-rawlings-overleden-73/|access-date=13 November 2020|website=Dagblad Suriname|language=nl}}</ref> Daniel Ortega (Nicaragua), plus Sam Nujoma (Namibia).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Novicki |first=Margaret A. |date=1986 |title=Flt.-Lt. Jerry Rawlings: Chairman, Provisional National Defence Council, Ghana |url=https://www.aaionline.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/04_Nov_Dec1986_Friends_Enmities.pdf |journal=Africa Report |publisher=African-American Institute |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=4–8 |issn=0001-9836}}</ref> De wan wey everybody sabi, Rawlings change Limann's boycott of Gaddafi's Libya, give Black Stars chance to play for 1982 African Cup of Nations. Dem carry AFCON trophy go home four times, na dem last win as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 November 2020|title=How the Late JJ Rawlings won Ghana last AFCON title|url=https://www.happyghana.com/how-rawlings-won-ghanas-last-afcon-title/|access-date=13 November 2020|website=Happy Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> Even though PNDC talk say dem dey represent people, e no get any experience for making and running clear economic plans.<ref name=":22223">{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Paul |date=2009 |title=Nkrumah and Rawlings: Political Lives in Parallel? |journal=Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana |issue=12 |pages=35–56 |jstor=41406753}}</ref> Rawlings, like plenty wey don come before am, blame di wahala wey dey happen for economy and society on di 'bad trade matter and other bad behavior' from some business pipo.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=The Politics of Reform in Ghana, 1982–1991|url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft2199n7n7&chunk.id=d0e1156&toc.id=d0e1156&brand=ucpress|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125204107/https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft2199n7n7&chunk.id=d0e1156&toc.id=d0e1156&brand=ucpress|archive-date=25 November 2018|access-date=24 November 2018|website=publishing.cdlib.org|publisher=University of California Press|language=en}}</ref> For December 1982, PNDC throway dem four-year economic plan wey go make state get monopoly for export-import trade to stop di wahala wey dey happen around import license and also shift trade from Western market dependency.<ref name=":032">{{Cite web|title=The Politics of Reform in Ghana, 1982–1991|url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft2199n7n7&chunk.id=d0e1156&toc.id=d0e1156&brand=ucpress|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125204107/https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft2199n7n7&chunk.id=d0e1156&toc.id=d0e1156&brand=ucpress|archive-date=25 November 2018|access-date=24 November 2018|website=publishing.cdlib.org|publisher=University of California Press|language=en}}</ref> Dem come put unrealistic price control for market and enforce am wey plenty dey feel am, especially di business pipo.<ref name=":22224">{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Paul |date=2009 |title=Nkrumah and Rawlings: Political Lives in Parallel? |journal=Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana |issue=12 |pages=35–56 |jstor=41406753}}</ref> Dis strong mind to use state control for di economy show well well for how dem destroy Makola No.1 Market.<ref name=":033">{{Cite web|title=The Politics of Reform in Ghana, 1982–1991|url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft2199n7n7&chunk.id=d0e1156&toc.id=d0e1156&brand=ucpress|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125204107/https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft2199n7n7&chunk.id=d0e1156&toc.id=d0e1156&brand=ucpress|archive-date=25 November 2018|access-date=24 November 2018|website=publishing.cdlib.org|publisher=University of California Press|language=en}}</ref> PNDC create Workers' Defence Committees (WDCs) and People's Defence Committees (PDCs) to mobilize peeps make dem support big change wey dey happen for economy.<ref name=":033" /> Price control for food benefit urban workers but e dey burden 70% of rural people wey their money dey depend on how agriculture product take sell.<ref name=":033" /> Rawlings' economic policy cause wahala for economy in 1983, e force am to do adjustment and fit carry election make e retain power.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horton |first1=Richard |date=22 December 2001 |title=Ghana: defining the African challenge |journal=The Lancet |language=en |volume=358 |issue=9299 |pages=2141–2149 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07221-X |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=11784645 |s2cid=19547198}}</ref> Elections happen for January 1992, wey carry Ghana go back to multiparty democracy.<ref name=":1222">{{Cite journal |last=Abdulai |first=David |date=1992 |title=Rawlings "Wins" Ghana's Presidential Elections: Establishing a New Constitutional Order |journal=Africa Today |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=66–71 |jstor=4186868}}</ref> == 1992 elections == [[File:Ghanaian_President_Jerry_Rawlings_with_US_Ambassador_Kenneth_Brown.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ghanaian_President_Jerry_Rawlings_with_US_Ambassador_Kenneth_Brown.png|thumb|President Rawlings (right) with United States Ambassador [[:en:Kenneth_L._Brown|Kenneth L. Brown]] (centre) plus a [[:en:United_States_Air_Force|United States Air Force]] crewman for 1995]] Rawlings start National Commission on Democracy (NCD) not long after 1982 coup, make dem fit check wetin people dey think and talk wetin go help our democracy waka. March 1991, NCD drop report wey suggest say make we get president wey go lead, create national assembly, plus make prime minister post too. The PNDC use NCD suggestion do committee wey go write new constitution, based on old Ghana constitution wey lift ban on political parties for May 1992 after people approve am for referendum.<ref name=":1223">{{Cite journal |last=Abdulai |first=David |date=1992 |title=Rawlings "Wins" Ghana's Presidential Elections: Establishing a New Constitutional Order |journal=Africa Today |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=66–71 |jstor=4186868}}</ref> For Friday, 3 November, 1992, di election results wey INEC compile from 200 constituencies show say Rawlings' NDC don win 60% of di votes, and dem get di majority wey go stop any second round.<ref name=":1223" /> E clear say, NDC win 62% for Brong-Ahafo region, 93% for Volta, and dem still carry majority for Upper West, Upper East, Western, Northern, Central, and Greater Accra regions.<ref name=":1223" /> Him opponents, Professor Adu Boahen, win 31% of di votes, former President Hilla Limann get 6.8%, Kwabena Darko 2.9%, and Emmanuel Erskine 1.7%.<ref name=":1223" /> Voter turnout na 50%.<ref name=":322">{{Cite journal |last=Lyons |first=Terrence |date=1 April 1997 |title=A Major Step Forward |journal=Journal of Democracy |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=65–77 |doi=10.1353/jod.1997.0019 |issn=1086-3214 |s2cid=154046946}}</ref> De way opposition parties fit compete, e no dey easy, because Rawlings get plenty advantage wey be strong. Him win because of di party structures wey dem build during him time, wey dem call am ‘organs of di revolution’.<ref name=":1223" /> Dis structures include Committees for di Defence of di Revolution (CDRs), Commando Units, 31 December Women’s Organization, di 4 June movement, Peoples Militias, and Mobisquads, and dem dey run am with plenty fear.<ref name=":1223" /> Rawlings get control over national media, and e fit block any print or electronic media with PNDC newspaper licensing law, PNDC Law 221.<ref name=":1223" /> Plus, him put 20,000 Cedis (about $400) limit for campaign money, make am hard for opposition parties to get any national publicity. Rawlings himself don start campaign before dem officially lift ban on political parties and e get access to state resources plus e fit meet all the cash wey dem need for successful campaign.<ref name=":322" /><ref name=":1223" /> Rawlings waka all over the country, dem start public-works projects and e give public workers 60% pay rise before election day.<ref name=":322" /> Opposition parties no gree the election results, dem talk say dem see vote stuffing for areas wey Rawlings go dey lose, plus some rural places wey people no plenty. Dem also talk say voters' register too big and electoral commission dey show bias.<ref name=":1223" /><ref name=":322" /> But Commonwealth Observer Group wey Sir Ellis Clarke lead, dem approve say the election be “free and fair” because polling stations no get wahala and no major voter coercion happen.<ref name=":1223" /> But International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) still drop report wey support say wrong entries for voter registration fit affect the election results.<ref name=":1223" /> Carter Center acknowledge say small electoral wahala dey but dem no see am as serious electoral fraud matter.<ref name=":322" /> Opposition parties no gree show for Ghana elections wey follow, so e be like dem dey run only one-party show for National Assembly. NDC people chop 189 out of 200 seats, e mean say dem get one-party parliament wey no too get legislative power plus e no dey legit.<ref name=":322" /> After de wahala wey happen for election, PNDC change to National Democratic Congress (NDC).<ref name=":622">{{Cite journal |last=Adedeji |first=John |date=Summer 2001 |title=The Legacy of J.J. Rawlings in Ghanaian Politics 1979–2000 |url=http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Adedeji-Vol-5-Issue-2.pdf |url-status=live |journal=African Studies Quarterly |volume=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215005718/http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Adedeji-Vol-5-Issue-2.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2019 |access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref> Rawlings take office for Thursday, 7 January 1993, the same day new constitution sabi start, and dem call di government Fourth Republic of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 September 1994|title=Ghana: Update on the Fourth Republic|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a8118.html|access-date=5 January 2020|publisher=Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada|via=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR]]}}</ref> == Policies den reforms == Rawlings start the Economic Recovery Program (ERP) wey World Bank and International Monetary Fund suggest for 1982, because economy be dey jom after 18 months wey e try run am with administrative controls and mass mobilization.<ref name=":322" /> De policies wey dem implement make Ghana cedi drop sharply, dem remove price controls, plus social-service subsidies wey dey favor farmers pass urban workers, plus dem privatize some state-owned companies, and dem put cap on government spending.<ref name=":322" /> Funding come from bilateral donors, wey reach US$800 million for 1987 and 1988, plus US$900 million for 1989.<ref name=":322" /> From 1992 to 1996, Rawlings no dey control judiciary and civil society like before, e give Supreme Court chance to dey independent and make independent newspapers fit publish. Opposition parties dey operate for outside parliament, dem dey hold rallies and press conferences.<ref name=":322" /> == 1996 elections == After all de wahala wey happen for 1992 elections, 1996 elections come better well well for oversight. Dem gather voter registration again, wey about 9.2 million voters come sign up for nearly 19,000 polling stations, wey opposition guys approve after dem check the list well.<ref name=":322" /> Dem focus on transparency make NGOs for Ghana fit start Network of Domestic Election Observers (NEDEO), wey train almost 4,100 local poll watchers.<ref name=":322" /> This group popular for all political parties and civic dey enjoy. On election day, over 60,000 candidate agents dey monitor almost all polling sites, plus dem dey report results straight to demma party leaders.<ref name=":322" /> De parallel vote-tabulation system help polling sites compare wetin dem get with wetin Electoral commission release.<ref name=":322" /> Inter-Party Advisory Committee (IPAC) na for talk about election plans wey all parties and Electoral Commission go fit join. Dem sef go fit set rules to check any wahala wey fit come up.<ref name=":322" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.devex.com/news/the-electoral-political-process-79863|title=The Electoral Political Process|date=30 November 2012|work=Devex|access-date=24 November 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126005558/https://www.devex.com/news/the-electoral-political-process-79863|archive-date=26 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Presidential and parliamentary elections happen for same day, and dem use see-through boxes to make sure say elections be legit.<ref name=":322" /> Even though some people dey fear say wahala go happen, election go smooth, 78% people show face vote, and e go success small small problems like ink no plenty and parliamentary ballots no dey enough.<ref name=":322" /> For 1996 election, two main people dey contest: Rawlings own NDC plus John Kufuor own Great Alliance,an amalgamation of de [[:en:New_Patriotic_Party|New Patriotic Party (NPP)]] plus de People's Convention Party (PCP).<ref name=":322" /> Dem plan be to kick Rawlings comot, and dem dey blast the government for their bad money wahala. But dem no fit gree talk wetin dem go do or any better plan wey go change how economy dey run. Ghana dey depend plenty on international help, so local leaders no fit change economy matter much. Electoral Commission talk say Rawlings win by 57%, Kufuor gather 40% of votes. Results for district be similar to 1992, with opposition take Ashanti Region and some places for Eastern and Greater Accra, but Rawlings win for him own Volta Region plus do well everywhere else.<ref name=":322" /> De NDC gather 134 seats for Assembly, opposition get 66, den de NPP grab 60 seats for parliament.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GHANA: parliamentary elections Parliament, 1996|url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2123_96.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112230519/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2123_96.htm|archive-date=12 November 2020|access-date=25 May 2020|website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Peace FM|title=Ghana Election 1996|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/index.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802234759/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/index.php|archive-date=2 August 2019|access-date=2 August 2019|website=Ghana Elections – Peace FM}}</ref> == After military time == Di 1992 constitution dey limit president to two terms, even if dem no be back-to-back. Rawlings no try change di paper make e fit run for third term for 2000. E retire for 2001, and John Kufuor,<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2002|title=Rawlings Attacks Kufuor|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/26420/rawlings-attacks-kufuor.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802235346/https://www.modernghana.com/news/26420/rawlings-attacks-kufuor.html|archive-date=2 August 2019|access-date=2 August 2019|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> wey be him main rival and opponent for 1996 take over. Na di first time for Ghana history wey sitting government go hand over power peaceful to elected opposition member. Kufuor chop di presidency after e beat Rawlings’ vice, John Atta Mills, for runoff in 2000. For 2004, Mills just gree give Kufuor after dem do another election between dem two.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Duodu|first=Cameron|author-link=Cameron Duodu|date=8 August 2012|title=John Atta Mills: Politician who helped secure democracy in Ghana|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/john-atta-mills-politician-who-helped-secure-democracy-in-ghana-8015624.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802235356/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/john-atta-mills-politician-who-helped-secure-democracy-in-ghana-8015624.html|archive-date=2 August 2019|access-date=2 August 2019|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> == After-presidency == For November 2000, Rawlings be di first International Year of Volunteers 2001 Eminent Person wey UN General Secretary Kofi Annan name am, e dey go different events and conferences to promote volunteerism.<ref>"IYV 2001: A chronology" published at [http://www.unv.org/en/news-resources/archive/unv-news/unv-news-december-2001/doc/iyv-2001-a-chronology.html unv.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006175744/http://www.unv.org/en/news-resources/archive/unv-news/unv-news-december-2001/doc/iyv-2001-a-chronology.html|date=6 October 2016}}, by UN Volunteers. Retrieved 11 August 2016.</ref> For October 2010, Dem name Rawling as de African Union person wey dem send go Somalia.<ref>[http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Rawlings-named-AU-envoy-to-Somalia-20101009 "Rawlings named AU envoy to Somalia"], 9 October 2010. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602010109/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Rawlings-named-AU-envoy-to-Somalia-20101009|date=2 June 2011}}. ''news24.com''.</ref> For November 2010, e go Dési Bouterse inauguration as President of Suriname, and e chop tour for the country. E dey curious for de Ghanaian side of de Maroon people.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|date=12 November 2020|title=Couppleger, oud-president van Ghana en vriend van Desi Bouterse, Jerry Rawlings, overleden (73)|url=https://www.dbsuriname.com/2020/11/12/couppleger-oud-president-van-ghana-en-vriend-van-desi-bouterse-jerry-rawlings-overleden-73/|access-date=13 November 2020|website=Dagblad Suriname|language=nl}}</ref> Rawlings dey give lectures for universities, even Oxford University insyde England.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kasuka|first=Bridgette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2nxqV2R7_8C&q=He+has+given+lectures+at+universities,+including+Oxford+University+by+jerry+john+rawlings&pg=PA288|title=Prominent African Leaders Since Independence|date=April 2013|publisher=New Africa Press|isbn=978-9987-16-026-6|language=en|access-date=21 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112230537/https://books.google.com/books?id=k2nxqV2R7_8C&pg=PA288&lpg=PA288&dq=He+has+given+lectures+at+universities%2C+including+Oxford+University+by+jerry+john+rawlings|archive-date=12 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> He still dey show strong support for NDC.<ref name="A Threat to Ghana's Democracy">Akosah-Sarpong, Kofi, [http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=5031 "Jerry Rawlings: A Threat to Ghana's Democracy?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107141453/http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=5031|date=7 January 2015}}. ''The African Executive''.</ref> For July 2019, he waka go Burkina Faso for three days work as Chairman for Thomas Sankara Memorial Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rawlings on working visit to Burkina Faso|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/rawlings-on-working-visit-to-burkina-faso.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718191203/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/rawlings-on-working-visit-to-burkina-faso.html|archive-date=18 July 2019|access-date=18 July 2019|website=www.graphic.com.gh}}</ref> For September 2019, e lead Ghana government people go Robert Mugabe funeral, wey be di late ex-president of Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mugabe was a 'formidable warrior' – Rawlings' tribute on behalf of gov't|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2019/September-14th/mugabe-was-a-formidable-warrior-rawlings-tribute-on-behalf-of-govt.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917220658/https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2019/September-14th/mugabe-was-a-formidable-warrior-rawlings-tribute-on-behalf-of-govt.php|archive-date=17 September 2019|access-date=14 September 2019|website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Government sends delegation to the funeral of Robert Mugabe|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/government-sends-delegation-to-the-funeral-of-robert-mugabe.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918003727/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/government-sends-delegation-to-the-funeral-of-robert-mugabe.html|archive-date=18 September 2019|access-date=16 September 2019|website=Graphic Ghana}}</ref> == Ein death den state funeral == Rawlings die 12 November 2020 for Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital for Accra insyd, week ein back after dem admit am secof "short term illness" for Ghana insyd.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Breaking-News-Jerry-John-Rawlings-is-dead-1107193 "Breaking News: Jerry John Rawlings is dead"]. Ghana Web. 12 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</ref><ref>Akorlie, Christian (12 November 2020). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-ghana-rawlings/former-ghana-president-jerry-rawlings-dies-at-73-idUKKBN27S1WK "Jerry Rawlings, Ghana's unlikely democrat, dies at 73"]. ''Reuters''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112230520/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-ghana-rawlings/former-ghana-president-jerry-rawlings-dies-at-73-idUKKBN27S1WK Archived] from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</ref> Sum reports dey claim say, COVID-19 complications wey cause ein death.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/world-54920769 "Jerry Rawlings: Buhari, Akufo-Addo, world leaders, celebrities react to death of former Ghana leader Jerry Rawlings"]. ''BBC News''. 12 November 2020.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20221004164619/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rest-of-africa/jerry-rawlings-ghana-former-president-dies-3020074 "Jerry Rawlings, Ghana's former president, dies at 73"]. ''The East African''. 13 November 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.arise.tv/ghanas-president-pays-courtesy-visit-to-jerry-rawlings-wife/ "Ghana's President Pays Courtesy Visit to Jerry Rawlings' Wife"]. ''Arise TV''. 13 November 2020.</ref><ref>Adebayo, Adeyemi (12 November 2020). [https://nairametrics.com/2020/11/12/former-ghanaian-president-jerry-rawlings-dies-from-covid-19-complications/ "Former Ghanaian President, Jerry Rawlings dies from COVID-19 complications"]. ''Nairametrics''.</ref> Ein death come after ein mummie, Victoria Agbotui, die for 24 September 2020.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201112230521/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/rawlings-mother-has-died/ "Rawlings' mother has died"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 24 September 2020. Archived from [https://www.myjoyonline.com/rawlings-mother-has-died/ the original] on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</ref> Presido [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] declare seven-day period of mourning secof ein honor wey dem fly flags for half-mast.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/prez-akufo-addo-declares-seven-day-national-mourning-in-honour-of-rawlings.html "Prez Akufo-Addo declares seven-day national mourning in honour of Rawlings"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</ref> Ein family members appeal give de Government of Ghana so say dem go bury am for Keta for [[Volta Region]] insyd.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-bury-rawlings-in-keta-family-demands.html "Bury Rawlings in Keta – Family demands"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 14 November 2020.</ref> Dem gbele schedule sake of make dem sign book of condolence for ein memory.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/see-the-schedule-for-the-signing-of-rawlings-book-of-condolence.html "See the schedule for the signing of Rawlings' Book of Condolence"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 16 November 2020.</ref> Dem originally plan ein funeral for 23 December 2020, wey dem postpone am secof ein family request dat.<ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2020/11/anlo-traditional-council-fumes-over-rawlings-funeral-announcement/ "Anlo Traditional Council fumes over Rawlings funeral announcement"]. ''Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 30 November 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2021.</ref><ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2021/01/anlo-traditional-area-to-organise-funeral-for-rawlings-without-body/ "Anlo traditional area to organise funeral for Rawlings without body"]. ''Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021</ref><ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/state-funeral-for-rawlings-scheduled-for-december-23.html "State funeral for Rawlings scheduled for December 23"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 30 November 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-rawlings-funeral-postponed.html "Rawlings' funeral postponed"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 22 December 2020.</ref> === State burial === From 24 come 27 January 2021, dem organize funeral ceremonies for Accra secof Rawlings ein memory.<ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/rawlings-to-be-buried-on-jan-27/ "Rawlings to be buried on Jan. 27 – MyJoyOnline.com"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-55139109 "Ghana govment announce date for Jerry Rawlings burial"]. ''BBC News Pidgin''. Retrieved 24 January 2021.</ref> Holy Spirit Cathedral hold requiem mass secof Jerry Rawlings for 24 January 2021, later nu dem take vigil follow for de Air Force Officers' Mess for Accra insyd for eveningti insyd.<ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/requiem-mass-held-in-honour-of-late-former-president-rawlings/ "Requiem mass held in honour of late former President Rawlings – MyJoyOnline.com"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 24 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/LIVESTREAMED-Catholic-Requiem-Mass-for-late-Jerry-John-Rawlings-1162675 "LIVESTREAMED: Catholic Requiem Mass for late Jerry John Rawlings"]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. 24 January 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/LIVESTREAMED-Ghana-Armed-Forces-holds-vigil-in-honour-of-Flt-Lt-Jerry-John-Rawlings-1162786 "LIVESTREAMED: Ghana Armed Forces holds vigil in honour of Flt Lt Jerry John Rawlings"]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. 24 January 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.</ref> Dem lay ein body in state for de foyer for de Accra International Conference Centre from 25 come 26 January 2021.<ref>Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. [https://www.dw.com/en/ghana-bids-farewell-to-former-president-jerry-rawlings/g-56345039 "Ghana bids farewell to former president Jerry Rawlings | DW | 26 January 2021"]. ''DW.COM''. Retrieved 26 January 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_ghana-pays-final-respects-former-president-jerry-rawlings/6201214.html "Ghana Pays Final Respects to Former President Jerry Rawlings | Voice of America – English"]. ''www.voanews.com''. 26 January 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2021.</ref> Na de Anlo Ewe people for ein maternal ancestry sanso perform traditional rites. For 27 January 2021, national den international political leaders, paramount chiefs, diplomats den oda dignitaries, attend state funeral wey dem hold for Black Star Square before ein burial service for de Military Cemetery for Burma Camp, plus full military honors, wey dey include funeral cortège dema slow march, Ghana Air Force helicopter dema flypast, army buglers sound dema Last Post den 21-gun salute.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220922170334/https://www.khon2.com/international/ghana-buries-former-president-jerry-rawlings-with-honors/ "Ghana buries former president Jerry Rawlings with honors"]. ''KHON2''. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/ghanas-revered-leader-rawlings-buried-140605503.html "Ghana's revered leader Rawlings buried with military honours"]. ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 27 January 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-55794242 "Rawlings funeral: Ghanaians bid farewell to ex-president"]. ''BBC News''. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.</ref><ref>AfricaNews (25 January 2021). [https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/25/ghana-s-ex-president-jj-rawlings-laid-in-state/ "Ghana honours ex-president John Jerry Rawlings"]. ''Africanews''. Retrieved 25 January 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-55794242 "See de activities and plan for de final funeral rites of de late Jerry Rawlings"]. ''BBC News Pidgin''. Retrieved 25 January 2021.</ref><ref>"Ghana buries former president Jerry Rawlings with honors". ''KLBK | KAMC | EverythingLubbock.com''. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.</ref> == Ein awards den honors == * July 1984: de Order of Jose Marti by de Cuban leader Fidel Castro.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170123001733/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP87M00539R001501950005-3.pdf "Ghana 1982 To Present The Rule Of Jerry J Rawlings"] (PDF). ''CIA.gov''. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP87M00539R001501950005-3.pdf the original] (PDF) on 23 January 2017.</ref> * October 2013: Honorary degree (Doctorate of Letters) wey komot de [[University for Development Studies]] for Northern Ghana insyd. ** Dis award recognise Rawlings ein contribution for de establishment of de university. For 1993 insyd, he use ein US$50,000 Hunger Project cash prize as seed money wey he take sponsor de establishment of de state-owned university (dem found for May 1992 insyd), de first of ein kind for de three northern regions for Ghana.<ref>University for Development Studies News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202408/http://new.uds.edu.gh/docs/Acceptance%20Speech.pdf "Acceptance Speech by H. E. Jerry John Rawlings"] (PDF). ''Leadership for Sustainable Development and Democratic Transition in Ghana''. Archived from [http://new.uds.edu.gh/docs/Acceptance%20Speech.pdf the original] (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.</ref> * October 2013: de Global Champion for People's Freedom award bestow de Mkiva Humanitarian Foundation.<ref>Peace FM Online (27 October 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200639/http://elections.peacefmonline.com/politics/201310/178512.php "Rawlings Receives Another Award in South Africa And Says The World Is Engulfed in Hypocrisy"]. ''Office of Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings/Former President of the Republic of Ghana''. Archived from [http://elections.peacefmonline.com/politics/201310/178512.php the original] on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.</ref> * August 2014: Doctor of Letters, Honoris Causa.<ref>[http://publications.uew.edu.gh/2015/hof/flt-lt-jerry-john-rawlings-rtd "Hall of Fame"]. ''Department of Publishing and Web Development''. Retrieved 26 November 2020.</ref> * August 2018: Marcus Garvey Awards.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/rawlings-honoured-with-marcus-garvey-award.html "Rawlings honoured with Marcus Garvey Award"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 26 November 2020.</ref> * December 2018: dem enstool am de '''Togbuiga Nutifafa I''' for Anlo, development chief for de Ghanaian chieftaincy system insyd.<ref>[https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2020/11/16/a-father-who-cant-mourn-his-child-customs-that-bar-togbui-sri-iii-from-rawlingss-funeral/ "A father who can't mourn his child"]. ''Ghanabusinessnews''. 16 November 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020.</ref> * December 2021: na dem wrep de book, 'J.J RAWLINGS: MEMORIES AND MEMENTOS' make dem honor am by de Pan-African Writers Association.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231115234704/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Nana-Konadu-receives-book-written-to-honour-Rawlings-1407364 "Nana Konadu receives book written to honour Rawlings"]. ''GhanaWeb''. 23 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</ref> == Ein legacy == Presido Nana Akufo-Addo propose to de Governing Council for UDS make dem rename de institution after Jerry John Rawlings since Rawlings use ein US$50,000 Hunger Project prize as seed money he take establish de university.<ref>[https://uds.edu.gh/about/ "About the University for Development Studies – University for Development Studies"].</ref><ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/prez-akufo-addo-wants-uds-to-be-renamed-after-rawlings.html "Prez Akufo-Addo wants UDS to be renamed after Rawlings"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 16 November 2020.</ref> Ein family accept dis suggestion.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/rawlings-family-welcomes-decision-to-name-uds-after-him.html "Rawlings' family welcomes decision to name UDS after him"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 30 November 2020.</ref><ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2021/01/uds-tamale-to-be-renamed-after-rawlings-as-family-accepts-akufo-addos-proposal/ "UDS-Tamale to be renamed after Rawlings as family accepts Akufo-Addo's proposal"]. ''Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.</ref> Na dem name foundation dem dey bell de JJ Rawlings Foundation after am wey ein kiddies, Madam Yaa Asantewaa Agyeman-Rawlings den Madam Amina Agyeman-Rawlings dey lead am.<ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/news/1271192/akosombo-dam-spillage-jj-rawlings-foundation-dona.html "Akosombo dam spillage: JJ Rawlings Foundation donates to Mepe flood victims"]. ''Modern Ghana''. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</ref> For May 2025, Burkina Faso government name street for Ouagadougou after am. Di sign for di road talk say, "Avenue Flt Lt Jerry John Rawlings, Old President of Ghana, wey born 22/06/1947 - die 12/11/2020." Dem name di street same day dem reveal monument for him friend wey dem kill, former Burkinabe leader, Thomas Sankara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Burkina Faso names major street after JJ Rawlings|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Burkina-Faso-names-major-street-after-JJ-Rawlings-1984413|access-date=18 May 2025|website=ghanaweb.com}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Presidents of Ghana]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Ghanaian politicians]] [[Category:1947 births]] [[Category:2020 deaths]] [[Category:Ghanaians]] [[Category:Chiefs of de Defence Staff (Ghana)]] [[Category:Ghanaian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians]] [[Category:Ewe people]] [[Category:People wey komot Volta Region]] [[Category:Deaths from de COVID-19 pandemic insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Ghanaian aviators]] [[Category:21st-century Ghanaian politicians]] [[Category:20th-century Ghanaian politicians]] == Read further == De physical books wey dey follow be relevant to Jerry Rawlings, wey no fi be available online, but dem add in case you dey look for more info. * Danso-Boafo, Kwaku (2012). ''J. J. Rawlings and the Democratic Transition in Ghana''. Accra: Ghana Universities Press. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-996430384-6|978-996430384-6]]. *Ahwoi, Kwamena (2020). ''Working with Rawlings.'' Tema: Digibooks Ghana Limited. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9789988892999|9789988892999]]. * Nugent, Paul (1996). ''Big men, small boys and politics in Ghana''. London: Frances Pinter. ISBN 9781855673731 * Shipley, Jesse Weaver. "Alternative Histories of Global Sovereignty: Ghana's Lost Revolution" ''Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East''. Vol. 42, No. 2, 2022, pp. 532–537. DOI 10.1215/1089201X09988009. == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120201105334/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=(Flt-Lt)%20Jeremiah%20J.%20Rawlings&page=viewListing&lid=120&Itemid=36 Flight Lieutenant Jeremiah John Rawlings] at ghana-pedia.org [[Category:Ghana Air Force personnel]] [[Category:Ghanaian people of Scottish descent]] [[Category:Left-wing populists]] [[Category:Leaders wey take power by coup]] [[Category:20th-century presidents insyd Africa]] [[Category:Ghanaian military personnel]] sf1zs3egl8sffrnc8qwukbm0fwphryk 1 2124 97298 87092 2026-04-26T00:57:52Z MediaWiki message delivery 110 /* Request for comment (global AI policy) */ new section 97298 wikitext text/x-wiki == Request for Admin == Hello everybro, as ebe me wey I start de Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia, I dey seek de support of fellow editors so say I go be de Administrator give dis project. To promote Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia, I for be de admin so say I go fi perform oda tasks wey dey hia such as make we komot invalid articles, support fresh editors, komot vandalism den develop existing editors. Thanks waa * Hello everyone, as I started the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia, I am seeking the support of fellow editors so that I can be the Administrator of this project. To promote Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia, I have to be an admin so that I can perform important tasks such as removing of invalid articles, support new editors, remove vandalism and also developing existing editors. Thanks very much ''You go fi support me for here '' '''Thanks everybro''' - [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 17:47, 6 July 2023 (GMT) :[[User:Ibn Dagara|Ibn Dagara]] ([[User talk:Ibn Dagara|talk]]) 22:15, 17 October 2023 (GMT) I strongly support [[User:Xibitgh|Xibitgh]] ([[User talk:Xibitgh|talk]]) ==Support== #[[User:NanaYawBotar|NanaYawBotar]] ([[User talk:NanaYawBotar|talk]]) 18:00, 6 July 2023 (GMT) # [[User:Jwale2|Jwale2]] ([[User talk:Jwale2|talk]]) 18:54, 6 July 2023 (GMT) # [[User:Gyanford|Gyanford]] ([[User talk:Gyanford|talk]]) 19:27, 6 July 2023 (GMT) #[[User:Cornelius Agordome|Cornelius Agordome]] ([[User talk:Cornelius Agordome|talk]]) 11:05, 10 July 2023 (GMT) #[[User:Amuzujoe|Amuzujoe]] ([[User talk:Amuzujoe|talk]]) 21:39, 10 July 2023 (GMT) # [[User:Yaw tuba|Yaw tuba]] ([[User talk:Yaw tuba|talk]]) 18:27, 19 July 2023 (GMT) # [[User:Azorbli|Azorbli]] ([[User talk:Azorbli|talk]]) # [[User:MartinezYA|MartinezYA]] ([[User talk:MartinezYA|talk]]) 05:51, 18 October 2023 (GMT) #[[User:Xibitgh|Xibitgh]] ([[User talk:Xibitgh|talk]]) == Support == support [[Special:Contributions/197.210.76.72|197.210.76.72]] 13:56, 14 August 2023 (GMT) == Support == support [[User:Umargana1|Umargana1]] ([[User talk:Umargana1|talk]]) 13:58, 14 August 2023 (GMT) == Update links from Incubator to local == Some links on the FA blurb are still external to the incubator project. (Also, if we could get some more templates and modules imported from enwiki, like [[:en:Template:Documentation]], that would be great. Maybe we can raise it on Meta so someone with more experience can import/recreate them with dependencies?). [[User:MSG17|MSG17]] ([[User talk:MSG17|talk]]) 19:32, 23 August 2023 (GMT) :Also, the page is using a Portuguese map, instead of the English file: [[:File:Ghana Regions map.png]] [[User:MSG17|MSG17]] ([[User talk:MSG17|talk]]) 19:35, 23 August 2023 (GMT) ::Thanks for the observation [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:43, 2 September 2023 (GMT) == Request to continue Adminship == Hello everybro, I dey seek de support of fellow editors so say I go continue be de Administrator give dis project. To promote Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia, I for continue de adminship so say I go fi perform oda tasks wey dey hia such as make we komot invalid articles, support fresh editors, komot vandalism den develop existing editors. Thanks waa * Hello everyone, I am seeking the support of fellow editors so that I can continue being the Administrator of this project. To promote Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia, I have to continue being an admin so that I can perform important tasks such as removing of invalid articles, supporting new editors, remove vandalism and also developing existing editors. Thanks very much ''You go fi support me for here '' '''Thanks everybro''' - [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:41, 13 October 2023 (GMT) ===Support=== # [[User:Ibn Dagara|Ibn Dagara]] ([[User talk:Ibn Dagara|talk]]) 22:15, 17 October 2023 (GMT) #[[User:Azorbli|Azorbli]] ([[User talk:Azorbli|talk]]) # [[User:MartinezYA|MartinezYA]] ([[User talk:MartinezYA|talk]]) 05:51, 18 October 2023 (GMT) # [[User:Xibitgh|Xibitgh]] ([[User talk:Xibitgh|talk]]) #[[User:Jwale2|Jwale2]] ([[User talk:Jwale2|talk]]) 14:01, 19 October 2023 (GMT) # [[User:Yaw tuba|Yaw tuba]] ([[User talk:Yaw tuba|talk]]) 06:23, 22 October 2023 (GMT) == Ghana Month Edit-a-thon == Dear Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia Community, We are excited to announce a month-long initiative aimed at enhancing gender representation on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia. This project, organized by the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikimedians Community, seeks to address the underrepresentation of notable female personalities on our platform. Project Objectives: 1. To increase the visibility and representation of Ghanaian women on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia. 2. To create a more inclusive and diverse portrayal of Ghanaian history and culture. 3. To engage the community in actively contributing to articles related to notable female personalities. Planned Activities: 1. Editing Workshops: Hands-on workshops to teach participants how to contribute and edit articles on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia. Guidance on creating and improving articles related to notable female personalities in Ghana. 2. Panel Discussions: Featuring gender activists, notable female personalities, and Wikimedians. Discussing the importance of gender representation and its impact on knowledge diversity. 3. Content Creation Competition: A friendly competition encouraging participants to create or improve Wikipedia articles. Incentives such as awards, certificates, or recognition for outstanding contributions. 4. Outreach Events: Awareness campaigns at media stations with urban reach using Ghanaian Pidgin. Emphasizing that Ghanaian Pidgin is a written language, encouraging public participation. 5. Closing Ceremony: An in-person event at the end of the month to celebrate achievements. Showcasing edited articles, sharing success stories, and expressing gratitude to participants. Significance of the Project: Gender representation is a crucial aspect of creating a comprehensive and diverse narrative. By actively participating in this initiative, you contribute to breaking gender stereotypes and fostering a more inclusive portrayal of Ghanaian history and achievements. Your involvement is instrumental in making a positive impact on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia community. How You Can Participate: Join our WhatsApp group for regular updates and discussions. Follow us on X (formerly Twitter) for real-time updates and engagement ([https://twitter.com/Ghpidginwiki @Ghpidginwiki]) . Register for upcoming events using Wikimedia Event Registration tools. Let's come together as a community to make a meaningful change. Your participation matters! Thank you for your support and commitment. Best regards, [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:54, 14 January 2024 (GMT) == Enabling Section Translation: a new mobile translation experience == {{int:Hello}} Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please-translate}}. The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] is pleased to let you know about our plans to enable the [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section translation]] tool in Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia. For this, our team would want you to read about the tool and test it so you can: * Give us your feedback * Ask us questions * Tell us how to improve it. Below is background information about Section translation, why we have chosen your community, and how to test it. '''Background information''' [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has been a successful tool for editors to create content in their language. More than one million articles have been created across all languages since the tool was released in 2015. The Wikimedia Foundation Language team has improved the translation experience further with the Section Translation. The WMF Language team enabled the early version of the tool in February 2021 in Bengali Wikipedia. Through their feedback, the tool was improved and ready for your community to test and provide feedback to make it better. [https://design.wikimedia.org/strategy/section-translation.html Section Translation] extends the capabilities of Content Translation to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will: * Guide you to translate one section at a time in order to expand existing articles or create new ones. * Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device. Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia seems an ideal candidate to enjoy this new tool since it has a Content Translation tool enabled by default. We plan to enable the tool by 15th of February 2024, if there are no objections from your community. After it is enabled, we’ll monitor the content created with the tool and process all the feedback. In any case, feel free to raise any concerns or questions you may already have in any of the following formats: * As a reply to this message * On [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]]. '''Try the tool''' Before the enablement, you can try the current implementation of the tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&from=en&to=gpe&sx=true#/sx our testing instance]. Once it is enabled on Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia, you’ll have access to [[:trv:Special:ContentTranslation|https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation]] with your mobile device. You can select an article to translate, and machine translation will be provided as a starting point for editors to improve. '''Provide feedback''' Please provide feedback about Section translation in any of the formats you are most comfortable with. We want to hear about your impressions on: * The tool * What you think about our plans to enable it * Your ideas for improving the tool. Thanks, and we look forward to your feedback. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 05:26, 31 January 2024 (GMT) On behalf of the WMF Language team. :Thanks for this message and we are grateful the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia has been selected to try this new feature. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:09, 1 February 2024 (GMT) == Flower of the month == [[File:Chrysothemis_pulchella_̠11.jpg|thumb|<center>Chrysothemis pulchella</center>]] Dear all. For your huge efforts on Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia I want to award you with the [[:als:Wikipedia:Blueme vum Monet|Flower of the month]]. Best regards, --[[User:Holder|Holder]] ([[User talk:Holder|talk]]) 06:00, 8 March 2024 (GMT) :We appreciate you @[[User:Holder|Holder]] [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:55, 8 March 2024 (GMT) == Request to continue Adminship == Hello everybro, I dey seek de support of fellow editors so say I go continue be de Administrator give dis project. To promote Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia, I for continue de adminship so say I go fi perform oda tasks wey dey hia such as make we komot invalid articles, support fresh editors, komot vandalism den develop existing editors. Thanks waa * Hello everyone, I am seeking the support of fellow editors so that I can continue being the Administrator of this project. To promote Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia, I have to continue being an admin so that I can perform important tasks such as removing of invalid articles, supporting new editors, remove vandalism and also developing existing editors. Thanks very much ''You go fi support me for here '' '''Thanks everybro''' - [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:05, 11 October 2024 (GMT) :Carry on plus the good job, adey throw my support give you. [[Special:Contributions/154.161.146.186|154.161.146.186]] 01:43, 12 October 2024 (GMT) ==== Support ==== *[[User:Heatrave|Heatrave]] ([[User talk:Heatrave|talk]]) 11:26, 11 October 2024 (GMT) *Bro dey for long on Wikipedia top n so he get more knowledge on it top, I dey support am strongly [[User:Ruky Wunpini|Ruky Wunpini]] ([[User talk:Ruky Wunpini|talk]]) 11:48, 11 October 2024 (GMT) *yh we dey give you total support. [[User:Jwale2|Jwale2]] ([[User talk:Jwale2|talk]]) 13:15, 11 October 2024 (GMT) *I Dey support DaSupremo. Eve hard working and he Dey do the job well. [[Special:Contributions/154.160.6.233|154.160.6.233]] 14:46, 11 October 2024 (GMT) *[[User:Zakaria Tunsung|Zakaria Tunsung]] ([[User talk:Zakaria Tunsung|talk]]) 00:55, 13 October 2024 (GMT) *I dey support Supremo for dis role [[User:Gyanford|Gyanford]] *Adey support DaSupremo for dis role sake of he be the co-founder wey he sana be experienced editor [[User:Yaw tuba|Yaw tuba]] == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 9th November 2024. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 03:28, 23 October 2024 (GMT) :Hello [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], thanks for reaching out and thanks for considering the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia for this feature. I will share this info on our WhatsApp page for others' valuable contribution. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:41, 23 October 2024 (GMT) ::Hello [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], ::Thank you for responding to this message. We will go ahead and enable the feature since there are no objections to having it in your Wiki. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 22:59, 6 November 2024 (GMT) :::Noted with thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 23:11, 6 November 2024 (GMT) == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:55, 13 March 2025 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == Our Digi Rights Edit-a-thon == Hello everyone! Our Digi Rights Edit-a-thon be project wey dey seek make e amplify youth voices den dey enhance civic engagement insyd a secure digital space by make we create den improve content on Wikipedia den Wikidata. De focus regions dey include de Sahel region, neighbouring West Africa, den de Horn of Africa. We go contribute to bridging content gaps on topics such as de African Union Convention on Cybersecurity and Personal Data Protection, e-democracy, digital mobilisation insyd social movements, SDG16, freedom of expression, den human rights. Additionally, de initiative go highlight de roles of governments, NGOs, den grassroots organisations wey dey address censorship, surveillance, den online disinformation insyd Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, den Togo You fi join dis campaign for dis link top: (https://w.wiki/EWvG). Thanks waa [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 08:51, 19 June 2025 (GMT) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 00:35, 6 January 2026 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-22_Wikipedias&oldid=29825860 --> == Annual review of de Universal Code of Conduct den Enforcement Guidelines == <section begin="announcement-content" /> I dey wrep to you make you know say dem now gbele de annual review period give de Universal Code of Conduct den Enforcement Guidelines. You fi make suggestions for changes thru 9 February 2026. Dis be de first step of chaw dem go take for de annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information den find a conversation to join on de UCoC page for Meta top]]. De [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) be a global group dem dedicate to providing an equitable den consistent implementation of de UCoC. Na dem plan den implement dis annual review by de U4C. For more information den de responsibilities of de U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you fi review de U4C Charter]]. Please share dis information plus oda members insyd your community werever else wey fi be appropriate. -- In cooperation plus de U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> 21:01, 19 January 2026 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Re-using references with different details – introducing Sub-referencing == [[File:Sub-referencing re-use + RefPreview.png|thumb|Sub-referencing: Example]] Hi, I’m Johannes from WMDE’s [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Sorry for writing in English, please support us by translating this message! We’ve been working on a new feature to improve re-using references with different details: '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]]'''. We’ve deployed the feature to German-language Wikipedia four months ago. After iterating on the initial feedback we’re ready to rollout sub-referencing to additional wikis. '''What to expect?''' You will notice footnotes like [1.1] in Wikipedia articles, if citations are used with different details (e.g. different page numbers) using sub-references. We are implementing a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/History|long-held community wish]]: Many Wikipedia articles currently contain references that are almost identical but differ in details such as the page number. This leads to cluttered reference lists which make it harder for readers to quickly assess how many different sources have been used. And unlike with [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Status quo: Re-using references in wikitext and VisualEditor|identical reuses]], re-using references with different details [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Status quo: Re-using references with different details in wikitext|previously required duplicating the reference]], which led to longer wikitext and – [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Status quo: Re-using references with different details in VisualEditor|especially in VisualEditor]] – also to more time expenditure. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] solves these issue: We are adding a new [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#In wikitext|wikitext attribute]] <code><nowiki>details="..."</nowiki></code> – similar to the existing attribute <code><nowiki>ref name="..."</nowiki></code>. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#In VisualEditor|VisualEditor users]] can use the "add details" button to insert sub-references. You can find detailed instructions [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our project page]]. We also [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published a report]] about our learnings on the first three months of sub-referencing on German Wikipedia which you might find interesting. '''Deployment''' We’ll likely deploy sub-referencing to this project on February 17. Please let me know if you have any questions. We look forward to your feedback on the new feature, either on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|our discussion page]], my [[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|user talk page]], or as a reply to this post. Best regards from the Technical Wishes team --[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 15:34, 3 February 2026 (GMT) :Today we've deployed [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing]] to gpewiki. Please let us know if you notice any issues or if you have suggestions on how to improve the feature. We’re already [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings#Further deployments and our next steps|working on some ideas]] like improving the reader’s view if there are lots of sub-references in the same article. You can find more information about the feature and how to re-use references with different details using sub-references in VisualEditor and Wikitext in the announcement above or on [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|our project page]]. :: :Some suggestions: We are using a [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] for pages using sub-referencing to quickly identify any issues with the new feature. You can change the category name via [[MediaWiki:Cite-tracking-category-ref-details]]. You might want to create the category page (currently [[:Category:Pages that use sub-references]]) using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> to hide it from the default reader’s view (see [[:d:Q129764848]]). :: :You could also consider creating local versions of [[MediaWiki:Cite-ve-dialog-subreference-help-dialog-link]] and [[MediaWiki:Cite-ve-dialog-subreference-help-dialog-link-ve]] to point directly at [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|translated versions of our project page]] (if existing – or link to local help pages on sub-referencing if the community creates them). The default ''Special:MyLanguage'' links to our metawiki project page unfortunately won't work properly for logged-out editors and will always lead to the English version. Both links are used for VisualEditor users, the first one is displayed in a pop-up when using the "add details" button for the first time, the second link is permanent when using the VE dialogue to add details to a reference. :: :If you’ve enabled the gadget [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference tooltips]] in your user preferences instead of using the default [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews/sv|Reference Previews]], you [[:phab:T416304#11622766|won’t see the entire sub-reference information]]. We will soon provide guidance to communities on how to update the gadget. :: :You can use our [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing talk page]] to provide feedback on the new feature – or just reply to this post. Thanks for piloting the feature! [[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 16:23, 24 February 2026 (GMT) == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:57, 26 April 2026 (GMT) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> c6l2phi0gbbp3hy6pa69rp6gl8ucfnm 0 5892 97297 59426 2026-04-26T00:12:41Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 97297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Namibia University of Science and Technology''' ('''NUST'''), formerly dem know am as '''Polytechnic of Namibia''', be public university wey dey locate insyd de city of Windhoek, Namibia. Na NUST be head by de founding vice-chancellor Tjama Tjivikua til March 2019. After two acting appointments, dem appoint Erold Naomab vice-chancellor insyd January 2021. Peter Katjavivi dey hold largely de ceremonial role of chancellor of de university. == History == E emerge from de ''Academy for Tertiary Education'', dem found insyd 1980, wey na ebe de first institution of higher education insyd de Republic of Namibia. Act 9 of 1985 of de South African administration define three sections give dis academy, university part, de ''College of Out-of-School Training'' (''COST'') give vocational training programs den de ''Technikon Namibia'' give technical programs wey dey relate to science den technology.<ref name=":0">[http://www.polytechnic.edu.na/about_us/history.php Polytechnic of Namibia] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110105015559/http://www.polytechnic.edu.na/about_us/history.php Archived] 5 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine Historical Perspective</ref> Wen for 1992 insyd wey na dem found de [[University of Namibia]] (UNAM), de academy lost ein university section. De sections wey remain, COST den Technikon, wey na dem merge am make e form de ''Polytechnic of Namibia'' per Act of Parliament 33 / 1994.<ref name=":0" /> Na dem appoint de founding council den rector Tjama Tjivikua insyd July 1995. Insyd 2015 dem rename Polytechnic to de ''Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST)'', again per Act of Parliament, as de 1994 Act prescribe de name "Polytechnic of Namibia". [[File:Elisabeth_House.jpg|alt=A red-roofed yellow building in bright sunlight, built in German colonial style. Over the entrance is a red cross and the inscription "Elisabeth Haus"|left|thumb|250x250px|Elisabeth house for NUST ein main campus]]De Namibia University of Science and Technology dey consist of two campuses den number of former residential buildings dem scatter all dey locate insyd de Windhoek West suburb close to de city centre. De main campus dey consist of de structures dem originally erect give de ''Academy for Tertiary Education''.<ref name=":0" /> For ein center be de Elisabeth house, Windhoek ein former obstetric hospital design by Wilhelm Sander insyd 1907. Elisabeth house be national monument since 1986 den dey house de Senate chambers den de office of de Vice-Chancellor.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160301204905/http://www.az.com.na/lokales/neues-leben-im-storchennest.19492.php "Neues Leben im "Storchennest""] [New life in the "Storch's nest"]. ''Allgemeine Zeitung'' (insyd German). 17 April 2007.</ref> De ''Engineering campus'' dey adjacent to de main campus; construction of dis area start insyd 1995.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032322/http://www.ja-namibia.org/?q=node%2F1907 "Laureate Tjama Tjivikua"]. Junior Achievement Namibia. Archived from [http://www.ja-namibia.org/?q=node/1907 the original] on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2010.</ref> Originally dem intend make dem house de School of Engineering per, dis campus gradually grow wey dey accommodate de library, all auditoria, den chaw of de oda faculty venues, wey dey include, most recently, fresh building give de School of Health Sciences. Further building, make dem house fresh lecture venues den de Department of Architecture den fresh library give de maters den PHD students, dem currently dey construct for dis campus top. == Academic den vocational offerings == [[File:Polytechnic_of_Namibia_01.JPG|thumb|NUST main campus]] Til de 2010s classic polytechnic, de institution offer both higher-level vocational training den academic degrees insyd technical subjects den de applied sciences. For chaw cases dem fi combine dese programs such that dem fi attempt de academic degree after dem successfully pass more basic vocational training.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110105015919/http://www.polytechnic.edu.na/docs/2010/Prospectus_Undergraduate_Studies_2010.pdf "Prospectus for Undergraduate Studies"] (PDF). Polytechnic of Namibia. 2010. Archived from [http://www.polytechnic.edu.na/docs/2010/Prospectus_Undergraduate_Studies_2010.pdf the original] (pdf) on 5 January 2011.</ref> Since e gain university status insyd 2015 dem develop several Master den PhD programs, wey dem phase out short, entry-level certifications. De Namibia University of Science and Technology dey comprise six academic faculties den dey offer undergraduate as well as postgraduate degrees insyd de areas of business den management, engineering, information technology, journalism, hospitality, natural resource management, den medicine. As of 2010 na der be 86 undergraduate den 19 postgraduate degrees offer for de institution.<ref name=":0" /> De university now sanso dey offer master's degree courses. Dem sanso set up Centre of Excellence in Information Technology (CEIT).<ref>[https://www.nust.na/?q=news/centre-excellence-information-technology-ceit "Centre of Excellence in Information Technology (CEIT) | Namibia University of Science and Technology"]. ''www.nust.na''. Retrieved 8 May 2020.</ref> [[File:PolytechnicOfNamibia.JPG|right|thumb|Sign for de then Polytechnic of Namibia plus de old logo insyd 2008]] == Competition plus de University of Namibia == NUST dey in constant competition plus Namibia ein oda state-owned university, de [[University of Namibia]] (UNAM).<ref name=":2">Smith, Jana–Mari (23 August 2010). [http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=70914&no_cache=1 "Cabinet to decide on Polytechnic name"]. ''The Namibian''.</ref> University rankings consistently dey list both institutions among Africa ein Top-50, til 2009 usually plus UNAM few places ahead of NUST.<ref>Kiremire, Enos (21 August 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316095301/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=6323 "African University Ranking Sub-Saharan Africa: (July 2009: University of Namibia)"]. ''New Era''. Archived from [http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=6323 the original] on 16 March 2012.</ref> For recent years insyd na NUST dey ahead of UNAM; de Webometrics 2013 dey list am for rank 28 insyd Africa (2,284 globally), den UNAM for rank 48 (3,160).<ref>[http://www.webometrics.info/en/Africa "Africa Ranking"]. Webometrics.info. Retrieved 25 February 2013.</ref> For de local level top, judging service den contributions to de Namibian economy, NUST usually dey top all oda educational institutions.<ref>Katswara, Tonderai (21 January 2005). [http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=14527&no_cache=1 "Excellence and hard work honoured at PMR awards"]. ''The Namibian''.</ref><ref name=":1">Ekongo, John (9 June 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316095305/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=11362 "Poly not at war with Unam"]. ''New Era''. Archived from [http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=11362 the original] on 16 March 2012.</ref> Insyd 2010 de argument about who dey deliver de best tertiary education insyd Namibia enter fresh stage wen local study find de NUST again dey far ahead for terms of services delivery. De Students' Representative Council of UNAM<ref>Shipanga, Selma (23 August 2010). [http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=68603&no_cache=1 "Unam slams Polytech over survey findings"]. ''The Namibian''.</ref> subsequently reject dis study buh NUST management staff endorse am.<ref name=":1" /> == Naming controversy == De Polytechnic of Namibia for number of years attempt make e change ein name den ein mandate to dat of Namibian university of science den technology. De institution intermittently adopt de name for ein web site top den for much of ein official communication insyd.<ref name=":2" /> Dis, however, na ebe against de law wey establish de institution. Insyd August 2010, de motion make dem stop by cabinet, dey state upcoming overall changes to de Namibian education sector as de reason make e decline de name change.<ref>Philander, Frederick (23 August 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316095308/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=12621 "Poly stays a Poly"]. ''New Era''.</ref> More dan two years later insyd December 2012, cabinet instruct de Ministry of Education make e grant de Polytechnic of Namibia university status den change to de name dem desire. Na part of de transition process be make dem phase out of one-year ''Diploma'' den one-semester ''Certificate'' courses within five years.<ref>Shipanga, Selma (21 January 2013). [https://archive.today/20130221044647/http://www.namibian.com.na/news/full-story/archive/2013/january/article/polytechnic-prepares-for-transition-to-university/ "Polytechnic prepares for transition to university"]. ''The Namibian''. Archived from [http://www.namibian.com.na/news/full-story/archive/2013/january/article/polytechnic-prepares-for-transition-to-university/ the original] on 21 February 2013.</ref> Insyd 2015 na dem gazette de fresh act wey de name change cam be official. == Events == De institution dey conduct cultural festival every year for de onset of spring. Activities dey include ''International Cuisine Day'' wer staff den students dey prepare den sell traditional food, flea market, den de ''Miss and Mr NUST'' competition.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120403195236/http://www.polytechnic.edu.na/student_life/current_student/acc.php "Accommodation, Sport & Culture"]. Polytechnic of Namibia. Archived from [http://www.polytechnic.edu.na/student_life/current_student/acc.php the original] on 3 April 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2012.</ref> NUST get Internet radio station dem dey bell NustFM.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240616152045/http://nustfm.na/ "NUST FM"]. Retrieved 28 February 2019.</ref> == Staff == === University leadership === Na NUST be head by de founding vice-chancellor Tjama Tjivikua from 1995 til March 2019. After several consecutive acting vice-chancellor appointments of Morné Du Toit insyd 2019 den Andrew Niikondo insyd 2020,<ref>Ngatjiheue, Charmaine (26 May 2020). [https://www.namibian.com.na/201178/archive-read/Niikondo-now-acting-vice-chancellor-at-Nust "Niikondo now acting vice chancellor at Nust"]. ''The Namibian''.</ref> na dem appoint Erold Naomab vice-chancellor insyd January 2021.<ref>Iikela, Sakeus (16 November 2020). [https://www.namibian.com.na/206348/archive-read/Nust-appoints-vice-chancellor-amid-red-flags "Nust appoints vice chancellor amid red flags"]. ''The Namibian''. p. 1.</ref> Peter Katjavivi largely hold ceremonial role of chancellor of de university.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180711181521/https://www.newera.com.na/2016/10/18/katjavivi-appointed-nust-chancellor/ "Katjavivi appointed NUST chancellor"]. ''New Era''. 18 October 2016.</ref> === Notable staff === * Anicia Peters, de pro-vice-chancellor give research, innovation den development for de [[University of Namibia]], former dean of computing den informatics for NUST == Notable alumni == * Dr. Sam Nujoma, first presido of Namibia, he receive doctorate ''honoris causa'' insyd public management insyd 2005<ref>Philander, Frederick (11 April 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120331025707/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=6425 "Namibia: Do We Have What It Takes?"]. ''New Era''. Archived from [http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=6425 the original] on 31 March 2012.</ref> * Harold Pupkewitz, entrepreneur, he receive doctorate ''honoris causa'' insyd business management insyd 2011<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120331025657/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=38355 "Hundreds graduate from Poly"]. ''New Era''. 18 April 2011. Archived from [http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=38355 the original] on 31 March 2012.</ref> * Hon. Erastus Uutoni, Minister of Sport, Youth den National Service of Namibia, dey hold Diploma insyd Police Science den Certificate insyd Marketing from NUST<ref>"Know Your MPs. Erastus Amutenya Uutoni (Swapo)". ''New Era''. 24 June 2016. p. 4.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == Wikimedia Commons get media wey dey relate to '''''[[commons:Category:Namibia_University_of_Science_and_Technology|Namibia University of Science and Technology]]'''''. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151229125031/http://www.nust.na/ Namibia University of Science and Technology website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722234221/http://www.parliament.gov.na/acts_documents/57_act_no._262003.pdf "Polytechnic of Namibia Act 33 of 1994"] (PDF). Government of Namibia. Archived from [http://www.parliament.gov.na/acts_documents/57_act_no._262003.pdf the original] (pdf) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2010. [[Category:Namibia University of Science and Technology]] [[Category:Universities insyd Namibia]] [[Category:Education insyd Windhoek]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1994]] [[Category:1994 establishments insyd Namibia]] [[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 1994]] 2dag51quryifz4ga12ci72zo9jab58x 0 7591 97299 39127 2026-04-26T05:53:32Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 97299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sara Martínez Puntero'''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120905225955/http://www.sanitas-paralimpiadas.es/Sara-Martinez-Puntero.html Paralimpiadas - Deportista: Sara Martínez Puntero]</ref> (born 26 February 1990 insyd Madrid, Spain) be Paralympic athlete wey komot Spain wey dey compete mainly insyd category F12 track den field events. == Personal == Dem born Martínez for 26 February 1990 insyd Madrid, Spain,<ref name=":0">[http://www.paralimpicos.es/web/2012lonpv/participantes/datosbiografia.asp?idatleta=05307497V "Biografías"] (insyd Spanish). Spain: Comité Paralímpico Español. 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2013.</ref> wey she get partial vision.<ref name=":1">[http://eltelescopiodigital.com/index.php/es/internacional/9934-carmen-herrera-se-convierte-en-tricampeona-paralimpica-y-entrega-a-espana-el-segundo-oro.html "Carmen Herrera se convierte en tricampeona paralímpica y entrega a España el segundo oro"] (insyd Spanish). eltelescopiodigital. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref> Insyd 2012, she live insyd Madrid.<ref name=":2">[http://noticias.lainformacion.com/deporte/atletismo-en-pista-y-campo/deportes-carles-munoz-consigue-batir-el-record-de-espana-en-el-campeonato-de-espana-de-atletismo-paralimpico_g8oG9T5d0k4rOjyoNKqA47/ "Deportes. Carles muñoz consigue batir el récord de españa en el campeonato de españa de atletismo paralímpico – Atletismo en pista y campo – Noticias, última hora, vídeos y fotos de Atletismo en pista y campo en lainformacion.com"] (insyd Spanish). Noticias.lainformacion.com. 24 March 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref><ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234014/http://www.once.es/new/sala-de-prensa/historico-de-notas-de-prensa/notas-de-prensa-2012/ndp-agosto-2012/atletas-ciegos-preparan-en-logrono-su "Atletas ciegos preparan en Logroño su participación en Londres 2012 — Web de la ONCE"] (insyd Spanish). Once.es. 16 September 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2013.</ref> == Athletics == Martínez mainly compete insyd category F12 track den field events,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">[http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=247&codeID=7666 "Carles Muñoz consigue batir el récord de España en el Campeonato de España de Atletismo Paralímpico — Atletismo — Esto es DxT"] (insyd Spanish). Estoesdxt.es. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref> wey she represent Madrid insyd Spanish national competitions.<ref name=":2" /> Martínez compete insyd de 2009 Spanish National Athletics Championship wer na she fini first insyd de women's visually impaired long jump.<ref>[http://www.lavozdigital.es/jerez/20090324/deportes/mas-deportes/ricardo-pedraza-destaco-ganar-20090324.html "Ricardo de Pedraza destacó al ganar en los 5.000 y 10.000 metros lisos. La Voz Digital"] (insyd Spanish). Spain: Lavozdigital.es. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.lavozdigital.es/cadiz/20090324/deportes/mas-deportes/ricardo-pedraza-destaco-ganar-20090324.html "Ricardo de Pedraza destacó al ganar en los 5.000 y 10.000 metros lisos. La Voz Digital"] (insyd Spanish). Lavozdigital.es. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.diariodejerez.es/article/deportes/382610/cinco/andaluces/se/coronan/campeones/espana/jerez.html "Cinco andaluces se coronan campeones de España en Jerez"] (insyd Spanish). Diariodejerez.es. 24 March 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2013.</ref> For de 2011 Basauri Meeting track den field event, she fini first insyd de long jump plus distance of 5.40 meters.<ref>[http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=247&codeID=3015 "El XIII Meeting Paralímpico de Basauri reunió el pasado sábado a 170 atletas de 10 países — Atletismo — Esto es DxT"] (insyd Spanish). Spain: Estoesdxt.es. Retrieved 1 July 2013.</ref><ref>[http://blog.rtve.es/paralimpicos/2011/06/xiii-meeting-basauri-.html "XIII Meeting Basauri — El blog de los deportistas paralímpicos españoles"] (insyd Spanish). Blog.rtve.es. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref> Na dem hold de 2011 Spanish National Adaptive Athletics Championships insyd Valencia wey she compete insyd dem.<ref>[http://www.superdeporte.es/polideportivo/2011/06/16/cuatro-records-valencia-nacional-atletismo/130335.html "Cuatro records en Valencia en el Nacional de Atletismo"] (insyd Spanish). Spain: Superdeporte. 16 June 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2013.</ref> She compete for de 2011 IPC World Athletics Championships insyd Christchurch, New Zealand wer na she fini fourth insyd de long jump den seventh insyd de 100 meters.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131003035243/http://www.deportesonline.com/noticia/atletismo-el-relevo-masculino-4x100-logra-el-bronce-en-los-mundiales-paralimpicos_20110127171823.aspx "Atletismo.- El relevo masculino 4x100 logra el bronce en los Mundiales Paralímpicos"] (insyd Spanish). Spain: Deportes Online. 11 January 2011. Archived from [http://www.deportesonline.com/noticia/atletismo-el-relevo-masculino-4x100-logra-el-bronce-en-los-mundiales-paralimpicos_20110127171823.aspx the original] on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2013.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203011352/http://www.cronicasocial.com/noticia.aspx?idN=118614 "Bronce para España en relevos de discapacitados visuales durante el Mundial de Atletismo Paralímpico"] (insyd Spanish). Spain: cronica social. 27 January 2011. Archived from [http://www.cronicasocial.com/noticia.aspx?idN=118614 the original] on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2013.</ref> Insyd 2012, na she be recipient of Plan ADOP €6,000 athlete scholarship den €2,500 coaching scholarship.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130514001425/http://www.feddi.org/upload/adop/BENEFICIARIOS%20PLAN%20ADOP%202012.pdf "Becas A Entrenadores Del Plan Adop 2012"] (PDF) (insyd Spanish). Madrid, Spain. 2012. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20130514001425/http://www.feddi.org/upload/adop/BENEFICIARIOS%20PLAN%20ADOP%202012.pdf the original] (PDF) on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.</ref> Prior to de start of de London Games, she train plus chaw oda visually impaired Spanish track den field athletes insyd Logroño.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131226211658/http://www.larioja.com/videos/tvr/actualidad-riojana/1776954312001-atletas-paralimpicos-discapacidad-visual-entrenan-logrono.html "Atletas paralímpicos con discapacidad visual se entrenan en Logroño – Canal de Vídeos de"] (insyd Spanish). Spain: Larioja.com. Retrieved 25 December 2013.</ref> Insyd de lead up to de London Paralympics, insyd July 2012, she compete insyd Diamond League race for de Crystal Palace National Sports Centre insyd London.<ref>[http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=247&codeID=5867 "Eva Ngui ultima su preparación para los Juegos Paralímpicos en la Aviva Diamond League"] (insyd Spanish). Spain: estoesdxt. 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2013.</ref> Insyd March 2013 for de Spanish Athletics Paralympic Championship, she qualify for de 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships insyd de 100 meter event.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> She compete for de Basauriko Probak 2013, qualifying event give number of oda Spanish competitor for de IPC World Championships.<ref>[http://vamosacorrer.elcorreo.com/noticias/los-participantes-de-la-basuariko-probak-2013-suman-casi-200-medallas-en-el-atletismo-adaptado-20130605.html Vamos a correr. "Los participantes de la Basuariko Probak 2013 suman casi 200 medallas en el atletismo adaptado"] (insyd Spanish). Vamosacorrer.elcorreo.com. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.deia.com/2013/06/05/bizkaia/arratia-nervion/el-deporte-relanza-basauri "El deporte relanza Basauri. Deia. Noticias de Bizkaia"] (insyd Spanish). Deia.com. 9 June 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref><ref>Nombre * (6 June 2013). [http://oyeradio.eu/200-atletas-se-daran-cita-este-domingo-en-una-nueva-edicion-de-basauriko-probak/ "200 atletas se darán cita este domingo en una nueva edición de Basauriko Probak | Oye radio"] (insyd Spanish). Oyeradio.eu. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref><ref>[http://atletismoatope.diariovasco.com/noticias/mejores-atletismo-adaptado-basauri-camino-20130530.html "Los mejores del atletismo adaptado en Basauri, camino del mundial de Lyon"] (insyd Spanish). atletismoatope.diariovasco.com. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref><ref>[http://m.deia.com/2013/06/05/bizkaia/arratia-nervion/el-deporte-relanza-basauri "Deia. Noticias de Bizkaia — Noticias de última hora de bizkaia e internacionales"] (insyd Spanish). M.deia.com. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref><ref>Agencia EFE. [http://www.lavozdigital.es/agencias/20130604/deportes/mas-deportes/ganadores-casi-medallas-titulos-competiran_201306041946.html "Los ganadores de casi 200 medallas y títulos competirán el domingo en Vizcaya. Cádiz — La Voz Digital"] (insyd Spanish). Lavozdigital.es. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref> Insyd May 2013, she compete insyd de Spanish national championships, wer na she earn gold medal insyd de long jump.<ref>[http://www.feddf.es/ampliar.asp?id=2008 "Federación Española De Deportes De Personas Con Discapacidad Física"] (insyd Spanish). Spain: Feddf.es. 26 May 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2013.</ref> Insyd July 2013, she participate insyd de 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221707/http://www.elpueblodealbacete.com/noticias/45877-antonio-andujar-y-jose-martinez-morote-competiran-en-francia-en-el-mundial-de-atletismo-paralimpico/ "Antonio Andújar y José Martínez Morote competirán en Francia en el Mundial de Atletismo Paralímpico | El Pueblo de Albacete diario digital"] (insyd Spanish). Spain: Elpueblodealbacete.com. Archived from [http://www.elpueblodealbacete.com/noticias/45877-antonio-andujar-y-jose-martinez-morote-competiran-en-francia-en-el-mundial-de-atletismo-paralimpico/ the original] on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2012.</ref> === Paralympics === Martínez compete insyd de 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics den 2012 Summer Paralympics insyd de 100 meter den long jump events.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>Grupo El Correo Gallego (22 March 2013). [http://www.elcorreogallego.es/deportes/polideportivo/ecg/tres-deportistas-gallegos-competiran-campeonato-espana-atletismo-paralimpico/idEdicion-2013-03-22/idNoticia-797621/ "Tres deportistas gallegos competirαn en el Campeonato de Espaρa de Atletismo Paralνmpico"] (insyd Spanish). Elcorreogallego.es. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref><ref>[http://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/interstitial/volver/warnerjun13/sociedad/noticias/4694362/03/13/Deportes-abel-avila-y-xavi-porras-lucharan-por-el-triunfo-en-el-campeonato-de-espana-de-atletismo-paralimpico.html "Deportes. abel ávila y xavi porras lucharán por el triunfo en el campeonato de espana de atletismo paralímpico — EcoDiario.es"] (insyd Spanish). Ecodiario.eleconomista.es. 22 March 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref> Insyd London, na she no qualify for de finals of de 100 meter race dey follow ein performance insyd de semi-finals.<ref name=":1" /> == References == [[Category:Living people]] <references /> == External links == * [https://www.paralympic.org/sara-martinez Sara Martínez] at the International Paralympic Committee * [https://www.paralympic.org/video/athletics-women-s-100m-t12-round-1-heat-3-2013-ipc-athletics-world-championships-lyon Sara Martínez] at the IPC Athletics World Championships [[Category:Human]] [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:Spanish disabled athletes]] [[Category:Paralympic athletes for Spain]] [[Category:Paralympic long jumpers]] [[Category:Athletes (track den field) at de 2004 Summer Paralympics]] [[Category:Athletes (track den field) at de 2008 Summer Paralympics]] [[Category:Athletes (track den field) at de 2012 Summer Paralympics]] [[Category:Athletes (track den field) at de 2020 Summer Paralympics]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2020 Summer Paralympics]] [[Category:Paralympic silver medalists for Spain]] [[Category:Paralympic medalists insyd athletics (track den field)]] [[Category:Athletes wey komot Madrid]] [[Category:Plan ADOP alumni]] [[Category:Visually impaired long jumpers]] [[Category:Spanish female sprinters]] [[Category:Spanish female long jumpers]] tq28e04cl8mb441l4a00llf7c6rjhma 0 26593 97292 97288 2026-04-25T14:28:37Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 97292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Esophageal cancer''' (American English) anaa '''oesophageal cancer''' (British English) be [[cancer]] wey dey arise from de esophagus—de food pipe wey dey run between de throat den de stomach.<ref name="WCR2014">{{Cite book |title=World Cancer Report 2014 |vauthors=Montgomery EA, Basman FT, Brennan P, Malekzadeh R |date=2014 |publisher=World Health Organization |isbn=978-92-832-0429-9 |veditors=Stewart BW, Wild CP |pages=528–543 |chapter=Oesophageal Cancer}}</ref> Symptoms often dey include difficulty in swallowing den weight loss.<ref name="Ferri2012">{{Cite book |title=Ferri's clinical advisor 2013 |date=2012 |publisher=Mosby (Elsevier) |isbn=978-0-323-08373-7 |veditors=Ferri FF |location=Philadelphia, PA |pages=389–391 |chapter=Tumors |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OR3VERnvzzEC&pg=PA391 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919023405/https://books.google.com/books?id=OR3VERnvzzEC&pg=PA391 |archive-date=2015-09-19 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oda symptoms fi include pain wen swallowing, a hoarse voice, enlarged lymph nodes ("glands") around de collarbone, a dry cough, den possibly coughing up anaa vomiting blood.<ref name="Ferri2012" /> De two main sub-types of de disease be esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (dem often abbreviate to ESCC),<ref>Even by those wey dey use de British English spelling "oesophagus"</ref> wich be more common insyd de developing world, den esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), wich be more common insyd de developed world.<ref name=WCR2014/> A number of less common types sanso dey occur.<ref name=WCR2014/> Squamous-cell carcinoma dey arise from de epithelial cells wey dey line de esophagus.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Kelsen D |title=Gastrointestinal oncology: principles and practices|date=2007|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia, Pa.|isbn=978-0-7817-7617-2|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ULRpwtyxxMC&pg=PA4|edition=2nd|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925153342/https://books.google.com/books?id=5ULRpwtyxxMC&pg=PA4|archive-date=2015-09-25}}</ref> Adenocarcinoma dey arise from glandular cells present insyd de lower third of de esophagus, often wer dem already transform to intestinal cell type (a condition dem know as Barrett's esophagus).<ref name=WCR2014/><ref>{{cite book|veditors = Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni J|title=Cancer epidemiology and prevention|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-974797-9|page=697|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfN8Y1_lbDYC&pg=PA697|edition=3rd|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031153057/https://books.google.com/books?id=qfN8Y1_lbDYC&pg=PA697|archive-date=2015-10-31}}</ref> Causes of de squamous-cell type dey include tobacco, alcohol, very hot drinks, poor diet, den chewing betel nut.<ref name=Zhang2012/><ref name="Akhtar-20132">{{cite journal |vauthors=Akhtar S |date=February 2013 |title=Areca nut chewing and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma risk in Asians: a meta-analysis of case-control studies |journal=Cancer Causes & Control |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=257–265 |doi=10.1007/s10552-012-0113-9 |pmid=23224324 |s2cid=14356684}}</ref> De most common causes of de adenocarcinoma type be smoking tobacco, [[obesity]], den acid reflux.<ref name=Zhang2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang HZ, Jin GF, Shen HB | title = Epidemiologic differences in esophageal cancer between Asian and Western populations | journal = Chinese Journal of Cancer | volume = 31 | issue = 6 | pages = 281–286 | date = June 2012 | pmid = 22507220 | pmc = 3777490 | doi = 10.5732/cjc.011.10390 }}</ref> In addition, for patients plus achalasia, candidiasis (overgrowth of de esophagus plus de fungus candida) be de most important risk factor.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Guo X, Lam SY, Janmaat VT, de Jonge PJ, Hansen BE, Leeuwenburgh I, Peppelenbosch MP, Spaander MC, Fuhler GM| title = Esophageal Candida Infection and Esophageal Cancer Risk in Patients With Achalasia. | journal = JAMA Netw Open | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = e2454685 | date = January 2025 | pmid = 39808429 | pmc = 11733698 | doi = 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.54685 | doi-access = free}}</ref> De disease be diagnosed by biopsy dem do by an endoscope (a fiberoptic camera).<ref name=Sta2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stahl M, Mariette C, Haustermans K, Cervantes A, Arnold D | title = Oesophageal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up | journal = Annals of Oncology | volume = 24 | issue = Suppl 6 | pages = vi51–vi56 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 24078662 | doi = 10.1093/annonc/mdt342 | doi-access = }}</ref> Prevention dey include make dem shun dey smoke den make dem dey chop a healthy diet.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name=Ferri2012/> Treatment be based on de cancer's stage den location, togeda plus de person ein general condition den individual preferences.<ref name=Sta2013/> Small localized squamous-cell cancers fi be treated plus surgery alone plus de hope of a cure.<ref name=Sta2013/> Insyd chaw oda cases, chemotherapy plus anaa widout radiation therapy be used along plus surgery.<ref name=Sta2013/> Larger tumors fi get dema growth slowed plus chemotherapy den radiation therapy.<ref name=WCR2014/> Insyd de presence of extensive disease anaa if de affected person no be fit enough to undergo surgery, palliative care often be recommended.<ref name=Sta2013/> As of 2018, na esophageal cancer be de eighth-most common cancer globally plus 572,000 new cases during de year. E cause about 509,000 deaths dat year, up from 345,000 insyd 1990.<ref name = global2018>{{cite web |title=Esophageal Cancer Factsheet |url=http://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/6-Oesophagus-fact-sheet.pdf |website=Global Cancer Observatory |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref><ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Flaxman AD, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa YA, Haring D, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hoen B, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Keren A, Khoo JP, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Ohno SL, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Mallinger L, March L, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGrath J, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Michaud C, Miller M, Miller TR, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Mokdad AA, Moran A, Mulholland K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nasseri K, Norman P, O'Donnell M, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Phillips D, Pierce K, Pope CA, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Raju M, Ranganathan D, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Rivara FP, Roberts T, De León FR, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Segui-Gomez M, Shepard DS, Singh D, Singleton J, Sliwa K, Smith E, Steer A, Taylor JA, Thomas B, Tleyjeh IM, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Undurraga EA, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Vos T, Wagner GR, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Wilkinson JD, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Yip P, Zabetian A, Zheng ZJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA | display-authors = 6 | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–2128 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 | pmc = 10790329 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 1541253 | hdl = 10536/DRO/DU:30050819 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/2557786 }}</ref> Rates dey vary widely among countries, wey about half of all cases dey occur insyd [[China]].<ref name=WCR2014/> E be around three times more common insyd men dan insyd women.<ref name=WCR2014/> Outcomes be related to de extent of de disease den oda medical conditions, buh generally tend to be fairly poor, as diagnosis often be late.<ref name=WCR2014/><ref name=Enzinger>{{cite journal | vauthors = Enzinger PC, Mayer RJ | title = Esophageal cancer | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 349 | issue = 23 | pages = 2241–2252 | date = December 2003 | pmid = 14657432 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra035010 | url = http://gastro.ucsd.edu/fellowship/materials/Documents/Esophageal%20Cancer/NEJM%202003%20Esophageal%20CA%20.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714162737/http://gastro.ucsd.edu/fellowship/materials/Documents/Esophageal%20Cancer/NEJM%202003%20Esophageal%20CA%20.pdf | archive-date = 2014-07-14 }}</ref> Five-year survival rates be around 13% to 18%.<ref name=Ferri2012/><ref name=SEER2014>{{cite web|title=SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Esophageal Cancer|url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/esoph.html|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=18 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706140744/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/esoph.html|archive-date=6 July 2014}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [http://cancer.gov/cancerinfo/types/esophageal NCI esophageal cancer] * [http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/esophageal-cancer Cancer.Net: Esophageal Cancer] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090712040424/http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11/chapter12/article/10165/1405663 Esophageal Cancer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712040424/http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11/chapter12/article/10165/1405663 |date=2009-07-12 }} From [https://web.archive.org/web/20090515031918/http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11 Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515031918/http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11 |date=2009-05-15 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060711040942/http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk/help/default.asp?page=4478 Oesophageal Cancer at Cancer Research UK] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190331174502/https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/esophageal/index.html National Comprehensive Cancer Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331174502/https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/esophageal/index.html |date=2019-03-31 }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Esophageal Cancer}} [[Category:Gastrointestinal cancer]] [[Category:Esophagus disorders]] nii52r1zysqu54yndl02zc9gknzvy31 0 26596 97295 2026-04-25T22:10:36Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341839902|Methocarbamol]]" 97295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Methocarbamol''', dem sell under de brand name '''Robaxin''' among odas, be a medication dem use for short-term musculoskeletal pain.<ref name="AHFS20192">{{cite web |title=Methocarbamol Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/methocarbamol.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists}}</ref><ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book |title=British national formulary: BNF 76 |date=2018 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |isbn=978-0-85711-338-2 |edition=76 |page=1093}}</ref> E fi be used togeda plus rest, physical therapy, den pain medication.<ref name="AHFS20192" /><ref name="Robaxin tablet FDA label">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2019 |title=Robaxin- methocarbamol tablet, film coated |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=0db1e8dd-b4fa-491b-a529-0fb939710759 |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=DailyMed}}</ref><ref name="Robaxin injection FDA label">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2018 |title=Robaxin- methocarbamol injection |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=090a3d3d-92c3-4c30-a648-436461f81702 |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=DailyMed}}</ref> E get limited use for [[rheumatoid arthritis]] den [[cerebral palsy]].<ref name="AHFS20192" /><ref name="Ric2012">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Richards BL, Whittle SL, Buchbinder R |date=January 2012 |title=Muscle relaxants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=1 |issue=1 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008922.pub2 |pmc=11702505 |pmid=22258993 |s2cid=73769165 |article-number=CD008922}}</ref> Effects generally dey begin within half an hour.<ref name="AHFS20192" /> Dem dey take am by mouth anaa injection into a vein.<ref name="AHFS20192" /> f3u40i771bnhd34kk96bbwagk8i121b 97296 97295 2026-04-25T22:43:37Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Methocarbamol''', dem sell under de brand name '''Robaxin''' among odas, be a medication dem use for short-term musculoskeletal pain.<ref name="AHFS20192">{{cite web |title=Methocarbamol Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/methocarbamol.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists}}</ref><ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book |title=British national formulary: BNF 76 |date=2018 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |isbn=978-0-85711-338-2 |edition=76 |page=1093}}</ref> E fi be used togeda plus rest, physical therapy, den pain medication.<ref name="AHFS20192" /><ref name="Robaxin tablet FDA label">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2019 |title=Robaxin- methocarbamol tablet, film coated |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=0db1e8dd-b4fa-491b-a529-0fb939710759 |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=DailyMed}}</ref><ref name="Robaxin injection FDA label">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2018 |title=Robaxin- methocarbamol injection |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=090a3d3d-92c3-4c30-a648-436461f81702 |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=DailyMed}}</ref> E get limited use for [[rheumatoid arthritis]] den [[cerebral palsy]].<ref name="AHFS20192" /><ref name="Ric2012">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Richards BL, Whittle SL, Buchbinder R |date=January 2012 |title=Muscle relaxants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=1 |issue=1 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008922.pub2 |pmc=11702505 |pmid=22258993 |s2cid=73769165 |article-number=CD008922}}</ref> Effects generally dey begin within half an hour.<ref name="AHFS20192" /> Dem dey take am by mouth anaa injection into a vein.<ref name="AHFS20192" /> Common side effects dey include headaches, sleepiness, den dizziness.<ref name="AHFS20192" /><ref name=Liver2017>{{cite book |chapter=Methocarbamol|date=30 January 2017|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548286/|title=LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury|publisher=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|pmid=31643609 }}</ref> Serious side effects fi include anaphylaxis, liver problems, confusion, den seizures.<ref name=BNF76/> Ein use no be recommended insyd [[pregnancy]] den [[breastfeeding]].<ref name="AHFS20192" /><ref name=BNF76/> Secof de risk of injury, skeletal muscle relaxants generally for be avoided insyd geriatric patients.<ref name="AHFS20192" /> Methocarbamol be a centrally acting muscle relaxant.<ref name="AHFS20192" /> How e dey works be unclear, buh e no dey appear to affect muscles directly.<ref name="AHFS20192" /> == References == <references /> == External links == 166i6409gxc50rz7msm6xd33sfe2rr4