Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 26814 97928 97925 2026-05-11T16:53:34Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Menopause''' be de time wen [[Menstruation|menstrual periods]] permanently stop, wey dey mark de end of de reproductive stage for de female human.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Menopause basics {{!}} Office on Women's Health |url=https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-basics |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=womenshealth.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref name="PubMed2013">{{cite book|date=July 2, 2020 |title=Menopause: Overview |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279311/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |via=National Library of Medicine - Bookshelf |publisher=Institute for Quality & Efficiency in Health Care}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Angelou |first1=Kyveli |last2=Grigoriadis |first2=Themos |last3=Diakosavvas |first3=Michail |last4=Zacharakis |first4=Dimitris |last5=Athanasiou |first5=Stavros |date=2020-04-08 |title=The Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: An Overview of the Recent Data |journal=Cureus |volume=12 |issue=4 |article-number=e7586 |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.7586 |doi-access=free |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=7212735 |pmid=32399320}}</ref> E typically dey occur between de ages of 45 den 55, although de exact timing fi vary.<ref name="Tak2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Takahashi TA, Johnson KM | title = Menopause | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 99 | issue = 3 | pages = 521–534 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25841598 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.01.006 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Menopause be usually a natural change wey relate to a decrease in circulating blood estrogen levels.<ref name=":0" /> E fi occur earlier in those wey smoke tobacco.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite book |title=The menopausal transition: interface between gynecology and psychiatry |date=2009 |publisher=Karger |isbn=978-3-8055-9101-0 |veditors=Warren M, Soares CN |edition=[Online-Ausg.] |location=Basel |page=73}}</ref> Oda causes include surgery dey remove both ovaries, sam types of chemotherapy, anaa anything wey dey lead to a decrease in hormone levels.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Menopause & Chemotherapy - Managing Side Effects - Chemocare |url=https://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/menopause-chemotherapy.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121080929/http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/menopause-chemotherapy.aspx |archive-date=21 November 2012 |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=chemocare.com }}</ref> At de physiological level, menopause dey happen secof a decrease insyd de ovaries dema production of de hormones estrogen den progesterone.<ref name=":0" /> While typically no dey hia, wey dey measure hormone levels insyd de blood anaa urine fi confirm a diagnosis.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 May 2013 |title=How do health care providers diagnose menopause? |url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/diagnosed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143650/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/Pages/diagnosed.aspx |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=8 March 2015 |publisher=Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development}}</ref> Menopause be de opposite of menarche, de time wen periods start.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dynamics of Human Reproduction: Biology, Biometry, Demography |vauthors=Wood J |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-0-202-36570-1 |page=401 |chapter=9 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I0_SrDBNy24C&pg=PA401 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181403/https://books.google.com/books?id=I0_SrDBNy24C&pg=PA401 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd de years before menopause, a woman ein periods typically cam be irregular,<ref name="NIH2013Sym">{{cite web |date=February 22, 2021 |title=Menopause Symptoms and Relief |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-symptoms-and-relief |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Office on Women's Health}}</ref><ref name="NIA2017">{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=What Is Menopause? |url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-menopause |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728005046/https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-menopause |archive-date=28 July 2017 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=National Institute on Aging}}</ref> wich dey mean say periods fi be longer anaa shorter in duration, anaa be lighter anaa heavier insyd de amount of flow.<ref name="NIH2013Sym" /> During dis time, women often dey experience hot flashes; dese typically dey last from 30 seconds to ten minutes wey fi be associated plus shivering, night sweats, den reddening of de skin.<ref name="NIH2013Sym" /> Hot flashes fi recur for four to five years.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> Oda symptoms fi include vaginal dryness,<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Mark |first1=J. K. K. |last2=Samsudin |first2=S. |last3=Looi |first3=I. |last4=Yuen |first4=K. H. |date=2024-05-03 |title=Vaginal dryness: a review of current understanding and management strategies |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2024.2306892 |journal=Climacteric |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=236–244 |doi=10.1080/13697137.2024.2306892 |pmid=38318859 |issn=1369-7137|url-access=subscription }}</ref> trouble sleeping, den mood changes.<ref name="NIH2013Sym">{{cite web |date=February 22, 2021 |title=Menopause Symptoms and Relief |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-symptoms-and-relief |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Office on Women's Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marino |first=Jean M. |date=November 2021 |title=Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jmwh.13277 |journal=Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health |language=en |volume=66 |issue=6 |pages=729–739 |doi=10.1111/jmwh.13277 |pmid=34464022 |issn=1526-9523 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> De severity of symptoms dey vary between women.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> Menopause sanso be known to cause thinning den drying of de skin as 30% of de skins collagen be lost during de first five years of menopause.<ref>{{cite web |title=Caring for your skin in menopause |url=https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/anti-aging/skin-care-during-menopause |website=American Academy of Dermatology Association}}</ref> Menopause before de age of 45 years be considered to be "early menopause", den ovarian failure anaa surgical removal of de ovaries before de age of 40 years be termed "premature ovarian insufficiency".<ref name="auto1">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Davis SR, Lambrinoudaki I, Lumsden M, Mishra GD, Pal L, Rees M, Santoro N, Simoncini T |date=April 2015 |title=Menopause |journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers |volume=1 |issue=1 |article-number=15004 |doi=10.1038/nrdp.2015.4 |pmid=27188659}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == sltjgwj56r22e4x90836a1xtrkbwn03 97929 97928 2026-05-11T16:55:41Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Menopause''' be de time wen [[Menstruation|menstrual periods]] permanently stop, wey dey mark de end of de reproductive stage for de female human.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Menopause basics {{!}} Office on Women's Health |url=https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-basics |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=womenshealth.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref name="PubMed2013">{{cite book|date=July 2, 2020 |title=Menopause: Overview |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279311/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |via=National Library of Medicine - Bookshelf |publisher=Institute for Quality & Efficiency in Health Care}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Angelou |first1=Kyveli |last2=Grigoriadis |first2=Themos |last3=Diakosavvas |first3=Michail |last4=Zacharakis |first4=Dimitris |last5=Athanasiou |first5=Stavros |date=2020-04-08 |title=The Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: An Overview of the Recent Data |journal=Cureus |volume=12 |issue=4 |article-number=e7586 |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.7586 |doi-access=free |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=7212735 |pmid=32399320}}</ref> E typically dey occur between de ages of 45 den 55, although de exact timing fi vary.<ref name="Tak2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Takahashi TA, Johnson KM | title = Menopause | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 99 | issue = 3 | pages = 521–534 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25841598 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.01.006 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Menopause be usually a natural change wey relate to a decrease in circulating blood estrogen levels.<ref name=":0" /> E fi occur earlier in those wey smoke tobacco.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite book |title=The menopausal transition: interface between gynecology and psychiatry |date=2009 |publisher=Karger |isbn=978-3-8055-9101-0 |veditors=Warren M, Soares CN |edition=[Online-Ausg.] |location=Basel |page=73}}</ref> Oda causes include surgery dey remove both ovaries, sam types of chemotherapy, anaa anything wey dey lead to a decrease in hormone levels.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Menopause & Chemotherapy - Managing Side Effects - Chemocare |url=https://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/menopause-chemotherapy.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121080929/http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/menopause-chemotherapy.aspx |archive-date=21 November 2012 |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=chemocare.com }}</ref> At de physiological level, menopause dey happen secof a decrease insyd de ovaries dema production of de hormones estrogen den progesterone.<ref name=":0" /> While typically no dey hia, wey dey measure hormone levels insyd de blood anaa urine fi confirm a diagnosis.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 May 2013 |title=How do health care providers diagnose menopause? |url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/diagnosed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143650/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/Pages/diagnosed.aspx |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=8 March 2015 |publisher=Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development}}</ref> Menopause be de opposite of menarche, de time wen periods start.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dynamics of Human Reproduction: Biology, Biometry, Demography |vauthors=Wood J |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-0-202-36570-1 |page=401 |chapter=9 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I0_SrDBNy24C&pg=PA401 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181403/https://books.google.com/books?id=I0_SrDBNy24C&pg=PA401 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd de years before menopause, a woman ein periods typically cam be irregular,<ref name="NIH2013Sym">{{cite web |date=February 22, 2021 |title=Menopause Symptoms and Relief |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-symptoms-and-relief |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Office on Women's Health}}</ref><ref name="NIA2017">{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=What Is Menopause? |url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-menopause |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728005046/https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-menopause |archive-date=28 July 2017 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=National Institute on Aging}}</ref> wich dey mean say periods fi be longer anaa shorter in duration, anaa be lighter anaa heavier insyd de amount of flow.<ref name="NIH2013Sym" /> During dis time, women often dey experience hot flashes; dese typically dey last from 30 seconds to ten minutes wey fi be associated plus shivering, night sweats, den reddening of de skin.<ref name="NIH2013Sym" /> Hot flashes fi recur for four to five years.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> Oda symptoms fi include vaginal dryness,<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Mark |first1=J. K. K. |last2=Samsudin |first2=S. |last3=Looi |first3=I. |last4=Yuen |first4=K. H. |date=2024-05-03 |title=Vaginal dryness: a review of current understanding and management strategies |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2024.2306892 |journal=Climacteric |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=236–244 |doi=10.1080/13697137.2024.2306892 |pmid=38318859 |issn=1369-7137|url-access=subscription }}</ref> trouble sleeping, den mood changes.<ref name="NIH2013Sym">{{cite web |date=February 22, 2021 |title=Menopause Symptoms and Relief |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-symptoms-and-relief |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Office on Women's Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marino |first=Jean M. |date=November 2021 |title=Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jmwh.13277 |journal=Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health |language=en |volume=66 |issue=6 |pages=729–739 |doi=10.1111/jmwh.13277 |pmid=34464022 |issn=1526-9523 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> De severity of symptoms dey vary between women.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> Menopause sanso be known to cause thinning den drying of de skin as 30% of de skins collagen be lost during de first five years of menopause.<ref>{{cite web |title=Caring for your skin in menopause |url=https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/anti-aging/skin-care-during-menopause |website=American Academy of Dermatology Association}}</ref> Menopause before de age of 45 years be considered to be "early menopause", den ovarian failure anaa surgical removal of de ovaries before de age of 40 years be termed "premature ovarian insufficiency".<ref name="auto1">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Davis SR, Lambrinoudaki I, Lumsden M, Mishra GD, Pal L, Rees M, Santoro N, Simoncini T |date=April 2015 |title=Menopause |journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers |volume=1 |issue=1 |article-number=15004 |doi=10.1038/nrdp.2015.4 |pmid=27188659}}</ref> In addition to symptoms (hot flushes/flashes, night sweats, mood changes, arthralgia den vaginal dryness), de physical consequences of menopause dey include bone loss, increased central abdominal fat, den adverse changes insyd a woman ein cholesterol profile den vascular function.<ref name="auto1"/> Dese changes predispose postmenopausal women to increased risks of [[osteoporosis]] den bone fracture, den of cardio-metabolic disease ([[diabetes]] den cardiovascular disease).<ref name="auto1"/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] k1xeo2yea18cgxupg0dtse2mtfcbeza 97930 97929 2026-05-11T17:03:09Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Menopause''' be de time wen [[Menstruation|menstrual periods]] permanently stop, wey dey mark de end of de reproductive stage for de female human.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Menopause basics {{!}} Office on Women's Health |url=https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-basics |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=womenshealth.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref name="PubMed2013">{{cite book|date=July 2, 2020 |title=Menopause: Overview |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279311/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |via=National Library of Medicine - Bookshelf |publisher=Institute for Quality & Efficiency in Health Care}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Angelou |first1=Kyveli |last2=Grigoriadis |first2=Themos |last3=Diakosavvas |first3=Michail |last4=Zacharakis |first4=Dimitris |last5=Athanasiou |first5=Stavros |date=2020-04-08 |title=The Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: An Overview of the Recent Data |journal=Cureus |volume=12 |issue=4 |article-number=e7586 |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.7586 |doi-access=free |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=7212735 |pmid=32399320}}</ref> E typically dey occur between de ages of 45 den 55, although de exact timing fi vary.<ref name="Tak2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Takahashi TA, Johnson KM | title = Menopause | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 99 | issue = 3 | pages = 521–534 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25841598 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.01.006 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Menopause be usually a natural change wey relate to a decrease in circulating blood estrogen levels.<ref name=":0" /> E fi occur earlier in those wey smoke tobacco.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite book |title=The menopausal transition: interface between gynecology and psychiatry |date=2009 |publisher=Karger |isbn=978-3-8055-9101-0 |veditors=Warren M, Soares CN |edition=[Online-Ausg.] |location=Basel |page=73}}</ref> Oda causes include surgery dey remove both ovaries, sam types of chemotherapy, anaa anything wey dey lead to a decrease in hormone levels.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Menopause & Chemotherapy - Managing Side Effects - Chemocare |url=https://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/menopause-chemotherapy.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121080929/http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/menopause-chemotherapy.aspx |archive-date=21 November 2012 |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=chemocare.com }}</ref> At de physiological level, menopause dey happen secof a decrease insyd de ovaries dema production of de hormones estrogen den progesterone.<ref name=":0" /> While typically no dey hia, wey dey measure hormone levels insyd de blood anaa urine fi confirm a diagnosis.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 May 2013 |title=How do health care providers diagnose menopause? |url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/diagnosed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143650/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/Pages/diagnosed.aspx |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=8 March 2015 |publisher=Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development}}</ref> Menopause be de opposite of menarche, de time wen periods start.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dynamics of Human Reproduction: Biology, Biometry, Demography |vauthors=Wood J |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-0-202-36570-1 |page=401 |chapter=9 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I0_SrDBNy24C&pg=PA401 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181403/https://books.google.com/books?id=I0_SrDBNy24C&pg=PA401 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd de years before menopause, a woman ein periods typically cam be irregular,<ref name="NIH2013Sym">{{cite web |date=February 22, 2021 |title=Menopause Symptoms and Relief |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-symptoms-and-relief |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Office on Women's Health}}</ref><ref name="NIA2017">{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=What Is Menopause? |url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-menopause |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728005046/https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-menopause |archive-date=28 July 2017 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=National Institute on Aging}}</ref> wich dey mean say periods fi be longer anaa shorter in duration, anaa be lighter anaa heavier insyd de amount of flow.<ref name="NIH2013Sym" /> During dis time, women often dey experience hot flashes; dese typically dey last from 30 seconds to ten minutes wey fi be associated plus shivering, night sweats, den reddening of de skin.<ref name="NIH2013Sym" /> Hot flashes fi recur for four to five years.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> Oda symptoms fi include vaginal dryness,<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Mark |first1=J. K. K. |last2=Samsudin |first2=S. |last3=Looi |first3=I. |last4=Yuen |first4=K. H. |date=2024-05-03 |title=Vaginal dryness: a review of current understanding and management strategies |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2024.2306892 |journal=Climacteric |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=236–244 |doi=10.1080/13697137.2024.2306892 |pmid=38318859 |issn=1369-7137|url-access=subscription }}</ref> trouble sleeping, den mood changes.<ref name="NIH2013Sym">{{cite web |date=February 22, 2021 |title=Menopause Symptoms and Relief |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-symptoms-and-relief |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Office on Women's Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marino |first=Jean M. |date=November 2021 |title=Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jmwh.13277 |journal=Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health |language=en |volume=66 |issue=6 |pages=729–739 |doi=10.1111/jmwh.13277 |pmid=34464022 |issn=1526-9523 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> De severity of symptoms dey vary between women.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> Menopause sanso be known to cause thinning den drying of de skin as 30% of de skins collagen be lost during de first five years of menopause.<ref>{{cite web |title=Caring for your skin in menopause |url=https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/anti-aging/skin-care-during-menopause |website=American Academy of Dermatology Association}}</ref> Menopause before de age of 45 years be considered to be "early menopause", den ovarian failure anaa surgical removal of de ovaries before de age of 40 years be termed "premature ovarian insufficiency".<ref name="auto1">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Davis SR, Lambrinoudaki I, Lumsden M, Mishra GD, Pal L, Rees M, Santoro N, Simoncini T |date=April 2015 |title=Menopause |journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers |volume=1 |issue=1 |article-number=15004 |doi=10.1038/nrdp.2015.4 |pmid=27188659}}</ref> In addition to symptoms (hot flushes/flashes, night sweats, mood changes, arthralgia den vaginal dryness), de physical consequences of menopause dey include bone loss, increased central abdominal fat, den adverse changes insyd a woman ein cholesterol profile den vascular function.<ref name="auto1"/> Dese changes predispose postmenopausal women to increased risks of [[osteoporosis]] den bone fracture, den of cardio-metabolic disease ([[diabetes]] den cardiovascular disease).<ref name="auto1"/> Medical professionals often dey define menopause as e occur wen a woman no get any menstrual bleeding for a year.<ref name=":0" /> E sanso fi be defined by a decrease in hormone production by de ovaries.<ref name="Sie2006">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWH606kOGYQC&pg=PA81 |title=Menopause: a biocultural perspective |vauthors=Sievert LL |date=2006 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-3856-3 |edition=[Online-Ausg.] |location=New Brunswick, N.J. |page=81 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181403/https://books.google.com/books?id=fWH606kOGYQC&pg=PA81 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd those wey get surgery to remove dema uterus buh still get functioning ovaries, menopause no be considered e yet occur.<ref name="auto1" /> Dey follow de removal of de uterus, symptoms of menopause typically dey occur earlier.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCzYsz6Uv0IC&pg=PA36 |title=International position paper on women's health and menopause: a comprehensive approach |date=2002 |publisher=DIANE Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-0521-4 |page=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181403/https://books.google.com/books?id=NCzYsz6Uv0IC&pg=PA36 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Iatrogenic menopause dey occur wen both ovaries surgically be removed (oophorectomy) along plus de uterus for medical reasons. == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ow72byfqifu1nnboetcndh4u7ws58ug 97931 97930 2026-05-11T17:08:30Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Menopause''' be de time wen [[Menstruation|menstrual periods]] permanently stop, wey dey mark de end of de reproductive stage for de female human.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Menopause basics {{!}} Office on Women's Health |url=https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-basics |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=womenshealth.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref name="PubMed2013">{{cite book|date=July 2, 2020 |title=Menopause: Overview |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279311/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |via=National Library of Medicine - Bookshelf |publisher=Institute for Quality & Efficiency in Health Care}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Angelou |first1=Kyveli |last2=Grigoriadis |first2=Themos |last3=Diakosavvas |first3=Michail |last4=Zacharakis |first4=Dimitris |last5=Athanasiou |first5=Stavros |date=2020-04-08 |title=The Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: An Overview of the Recent Data |journal=Cureus |volume=12 |issue=4 |article-number=e7586 |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.7586 |doi-access=free |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=7212735 |pmid=32399320}}</ref> E typically dey occur between de ages of 45 den 55, although de exact timing fi vary.<ref name="Tak2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Takahashi TA, Johnson KM | title = Menopause | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 99 | issue = 3 | pages = 521–534 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25841598 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.01.006 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Menopause be usually a natural change wey relate to a decrease in circulating blood estrogen levels.<ref name=":0" /> E fi occur earlier in those wey smoke tobacco.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite book |title=The menopausal transition: interface between gynecology and psychiatry |date=2009 |publisher=Karger |isbn=978-3-8055-9101-0 |veditors=Warren M, Soares CN |edition=[Online-Ausg.] |location=Basel |page=73}}</ref> Oda causes include surgery dey remove both ovaries, sam types of chemotherapy, anaa anything wey dey lead to a decrease in hormone levels.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Menopause & Chemotherapy - Managing Side Effects - Chemocare |url=https://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/menopause-chemotherapy.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121080929/http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/menopause-chemotherapy.aspx |archive-date=21 November 2012 |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=chemocare.com }}</ref> At de physiological level, menopause dey happen secof a decrease insyd de ovaries dema production of de hormones estrogen den progesterone.<ref name=":0" /> While typically no dey hia, wey dey measure hormone levels insyd de blood anaa urine fi confirm a diagnosis.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 May 2013 |title=How do health care providers diagnose menopause? |url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/diagnosed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143650/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/Pages/diagnosed.aspx |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=8 March 2015 |publisher=Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development}}</ref> Menopause be de opposite of menarche, de time wen periods start.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dynamics of Human Reproduction: Biology, Biometry, Demography |vauthors=Wood J |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-0-202-36570-1 |page=401 |chapter=9 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I0_SrDBNy24C&pg=PA401 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181403/https://books.google.com/books?id=I0_SrDBNy24C&pg=PA401 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd de years before menopause, a woman ein periods typically cam be irregular,<ref name="NIH2013Sym">{{cite web |date=February 22, 2021 |title=Menopause Symptoms and Relief |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-symptoms-and-relief |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Office on Women's Health}}</ref><ref name="NIA2017">{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=What Is Menopause? |url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-menopause |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728005046/https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-menopause |archive-date=28 July 2017 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=National Institute on Aging}}</ref> wich dey mean say periods fi be longer anaa shorter in duration, anaa be lighter anaa heavier insyd de amount of flow.<ref name="NIH2013Sym" /> During dis time, women often dey experience hot flashes; dese typically dey last from 30 seconds to ten minutes wey fi be associated plus shivering, night sweats, den reddening of de skin.<ref name="NIH2013Sym" /> Hot flashes fi recur for four to five years.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> Oda symptoms fi include vaginal dryness,<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Mark |first1=J. K. K. |last2=Samsudin |first2=S. |last3=Looi |first3=I. |last4=Yuen |first4=K. H. |date=2024-05-03 |title=Vaginal dryness: a review of current understanding and management strategies |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2024.2306892 |journal=Climacteric |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=236–244 |doi=10.1080/13697137.2024.2306892 |pmid=38318859 |issn=1369-7137|url-access=subscription }}</ref> trouble sleeping, den mood changes.<ref name="NIH2013Sym">{{cite web |date=February 22, 2021 |title=Menopause Symptoms and Relief |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-symptoms-and-relief |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Office on Women's Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marino |first=Jean M. |date=November 2021 |title=Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jmwh.13277 |journal=Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health |language=en |volume=66 |issue=6 |pages=729–739 |doi=10.1111/jmwh.13277 |pmid=34464022 |issn=1526-9523 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> De severity of symptoms dey vary between women.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> Menopause sanso be known to cause thinning den drying of de skin as 30% of de skins collagen be lost during de first five years of menopause.<ref>{{cite web |title=Caring for your skin in menopause |url=https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/anti-aging/skin-care-during-menopause |website=American Academy of Dermatology Association}}</ref> Menopause before de age of 45 years be considered to be "early menopause", den ovarian failure anaa surgical removal of de ovaries before de age of 40 years be termed "premature ovarian insufficiency".<ref name="auto1">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Davis SR, Lambrinoudaki I, Lumsden M, Mishra GD, Pal L, Rees M, Santoro N, Simoncini T |date=April 2015 |title=Menopause |journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers |volume=1 |issue=1 |article-number=15004 |doi=10.1038/nrdp.2015.4 |pmid=27188659}}</ref> In addition to symptoms (hot flushes/flashes, night sweats, mood changes, arthralgia den vaginal dryness), de physical consequences of menopause dey include bone loss, increased central abdominal fat, den adverse changes insyd a woman ein cholesterol profile den vascular function.<ref name="auto1"/> Dese changes predispose postmenopausal women to increased risks of [[osteoporosis]] den bone fracture, den of cardio-metabolic disease ([[diabetes]] den cardiovascular disease).<ref name="auto1"/> Medical professionals often dey define menopause as e occur wen a woman no get any menstrual bleeding for a year.<ref name=":0" /> E sanso fi be defined by a decrease in hormone production by de ovaries.<ref name="Sie2006">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWH606kOGYQC&pg=PA81 |title=Menopause: a biocultural perspective |vauthors=Sievert LL |date=2006 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-3856-3 |edition=[Online-Ausg.] |location=New Brunswick, N.J. |page=81 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181403/https://books.google.com/books?id=fWH606kOGYQC&pg=PA81 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd those wey get surgery to remove dema uterus buh still get functioning ovaries, menopause no be considered e yet occur.<ref name="auto1" /> Dey follow de removal of de uterus, symptoms of menopause typically dey occur earlier.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCzYsz6Uv0IC&pg=PA36 |title=International position paper on women's health and menopause: a comprehensive approach |date=2002 |publisher=DIANE Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-0521-4 |page=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181403/https://books.google.com/books?id=NCzYsz6Uv0IC&pg=PA36 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Iatrogenic menopause dey occur wen both ovaries surgically be removed (oophorectomy) along plus de uterus for medical reasons. Medical treatment of menopause primarily be to ameliorate symptoms den prevent bone loss.<ref name="auto2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davis SR, Baber RJ |date=August 2022 |title=Treating menopause - MHT and beyond |journal=Nature Reviews. Endocrinology |volume=18 |issue=8 |pages=490–502 |doi=10.1038/s41574-022-00685-4 |pmid=35624141 |s2cid=249069157}}</ref> Mild symptoms fi be improved plus treatment. Plus respect to hot flashes, avoiding nicotine, caffeine, den alcohol often be recommended; sleeping naked insyd a cool room den using a fan fi help. De most effective treatment give menopausal symptoms be menopausal hormone therapy (MHT).<ref name=":3" /><ref name="auto2" /> Non-hormonal therapies give hot flashes dey include cognitive-behavioral therapy, clinical hypnosis, [[gabapentin]], den fezolinetant anaa selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal |date=2023-06-21 |title=The 2023 nonhormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/GME.0000000000002200 |journal=Menopause |language=en |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=573–590 |doi=10.1097/GME.0000000000002200 |pmid=37252752 |s2cid=258969337 |issn=1072-3714|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Kra20152">{{cite journal |vauthors=Krause MS, Nakajima ST |date=March 2015 |title=Hormonal and nonhormonal treatment of vasomotor symptoms |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=163–179 |doi=10.1016/j.ogc.2014.09.008 |pmid=25681847}}</ref> Dese no go improve symptoms such as neurocognitive impairments, joint pain anaa vaginal dryness, wich dey affect over 55% of women.<ref name="auto2" /> Neurocognitive symptoms of menopause fi be treated plus [[lisdexamfetamine]]. Exercise fi help plus sleep disturbances. Chaw of de concerns about de use of MHT raise by older studies no longer be considered barriers to MHT insyd healthy women.<ref name="auto2" /> High-quality evidence give de effectiveness of alternative medicine no be found.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ezjqipxcrfgg57sm0rcnlo4xh5gjr7e 97932 97931 2026-05-11T17:13:23Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Menopause''' be de time wen [[Menstruation|menstrual periods]] permanently stop, wey dey mark de end of de reproductive stage for de female human.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Menopause basics {{!}} Office on Women's Health |url=https://womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-basics |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=womenshealth.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref name="PubMed2013">{{cite book|date=July 2, 2020 |title=Menopause: Overview |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279311/ |access-date=October 20, 2022 |via=National Library of Medicine - Bookshelf |publisher=Institute for Quality & Efficiency in Health Care}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Angelou |first1=Kyveli |last2=Grigoriadis |first2=Themos |last3=Diakosavvas |first3=Michail |last4=Zacharakis |first4=Dimitris |last5=Athanasiou |first5=Stavros |date=2020-04-08 |title=The Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: An Overview of the Recent Data |journal=Cureus |volume=12 |issue=4 |article-number=e7586 |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.7586 |doi-access=free |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=7212735 |pmid=32399320}}</ref> E typically dey occur between de ages of 45 den 55, although de exact timing fi vary.<ref name="Tak2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Takahashi TA, Johnson KM | title = Menopause | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 99 | issue = 3 | pages = 521–534 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25841598 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.01.006 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Menopause be usually a natural change wey relate to a decrease in circulating blood estrogen levels.<ref name=":0" /> E fi occur earlier in those wey smoke tobacco.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite book |title=The menopausal transition: interface between gynecology and psychiatry |date=2009 |publisher=Karger |isbn=978-3-8055-9101-0 |veditors=Warren M, Soares CN |edition=[Online-Ausg.] |location=Basel |page=73}}</ref> Oda causes include surgery dey remove both ovaries, sam types of chemotherapy, anaa anything wey dey lead to a decrease in hormone levels.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Menopause & Chemotherapy - Managing Side Effects - Chemocare |url=https://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/menopause-chemotherapy.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121080929/http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/menopause-chemotherapy.aspx |archive-date=21 November 2012 |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=chemocare.com }}</ref> At de physiological level, menopause dey happen secof a decrease insyd de ovaries dema production of de hormones estrogen den progesterone.<ref name=":0" /> While typically no dey hia, wey dey measure hormone levels insyd de blood anaa urine fi confirm a diagnosis.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 May 2013 |title=How do health care providers diagnose menopause? |url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/diagnosed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143650/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/Pages/diagnosed.aspx |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=8 March 2015 |publisher=Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development}}</ref> Menopause be de opposite of menarche, de time wen periods start.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dynamics of Human Reproduction: Biology, Biometry, Demography |vauthors=Wood J |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-0-202-36570-1 |page=401 |chapter=9 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I0_SrDBNy24C&pg=PA401 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181403/https://books.google.com/books?id=I0_SrDBNy24C&pg=PA401 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd de years before menopause, a woman ein periods typically cam be irregular,<ref name="NIH2013Sym">{{cite web |date=February 22, 2021 |title=Menopause Symptoms and Relief |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-symptoms-and-relief |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Office on Women's Health}}</ref><ref name="NIA2017">{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2021 |title=What Is Menopause? |url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-menopause |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728005046/https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-menopause |archive-date=28 July 2017 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=National Institute on Aging}}</ref> wich dey mean say periods fi be longer anaa shorter in duration, anaa be lighter anaa heavier insyd de amount of flow.<ref name="NIH2013Sym" /> During dis time, women often dey experience hot flashes; dese typically dey last from 30 seconds to ten minutes wey fi be associated plus shivering, night sweats, den reddening of de skin.<ref name="NIH2013Sym" /> Hot flashes fi recur for four to five years.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> Oda symptoms fi include vaginal dryness,<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Mark |first1=J. K. K. |last2=Samsudin |first2=S. |last3=Looi |first3=I. |last4=Yuen |first4=K. H. |date=2024-05-03 |title=Vaginal dryness: a review of current understanding and management strategies |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13697137.2024.2306892 |journal=Climacteric |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=236–244 |doi=10.1080/13697137.2024.2306892 |pmid=38318859 |issn=1369-7137|url-access=subscription }}</ref> trouble sleeping, den mood changes.<ref name="NIH2013Sym">{{cite web |date=February 22, 2021 |title=Menopause Symptoms and Relief |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-symptoms-and-relief |access-date=October 20, 2022 |website=Office on Women's Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marino |first=Jean M. |date=November 2021 |title=Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jmwh.13277 |journal=Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health |language=en |volume=66 |issue=6 |pages=729–739 |doi=10.1111/jmwh.13277 |pmid=34464022 |issn=1526-9523 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> De severity of symptoms dey vary between women.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> Menopause sanso be known to cause thinning den drying of de skin as 30% of de skins collagen be lost during de first five years of menopause.<ref>{{cite web |title=Caring for your skin in menopause |url=https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/anti-aging/skin-care-during-menopause |website=American Academy of Dermatology Association}}</ref> Menopause before de age of 45 years be considered to be "early menopause", den ovarian failure anaa surgical removal of de ovaries before de age of 40 years be termed "premature ovarian insufficiency".<ref name="auto1">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Davis SR, Lambrinoudaki I, Lumsden M, Mishra GD, Pal L, Rees M, Santoro N, Simoncini T |date=April 2015 |title=Menopause |journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers |volume=1 |issue=1 |article-number=15004 |doi=10.1038/nrdp.2015.4 |pmid=27188659}}</ref> In addition to symptoms (hot flushes/flashes, night sweats, mood changes, arthralgia den vaginal dryness), de physical consequences of menopause dey include bone loss, increased central abdominal fat, den adverse changes insyd a woman ein cholesterol profile den vascular function.<ref name="auto1"/> Dese changes predispose postmenopausal women to increased risks of [[osteoporosis]] den bone fracture, den of cardio-metabolic disease ([[diabetes]] den cardiovascular disease).<ref name="auto1"/> Medical professionals often dey define menopause as e occur wen a woman no get any menstrual bleeding for a year.<ref name=":0" /> E sanso fi be defined by a decrease in hormone production by de ovaries.<ref name="Sie2006">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWH606kOGYQC&pg=PA81 |title=Menopause: a biocultural perspective |vauthors=Sievert LL |date=2006 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-3856-3 |edition=[Online-Ausg.] |location=New Brunswick, N.J. |page=81 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181403/https://books.google.com/books?id=fWH606kOGYQC&pg=PA81 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd those wey get surgery to remove dema uterus buh still get functioning ovaries, menopause no be considered e yet occur.<ref name="auto1" /> Dey follow de removal of de uterus, symptoms of menopause typically dey occur earlier.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCzYsz6Uv0IC&pg=PA36 |title=International position paper on women's health and menopause: a comprehensive approach |date=2002 |publisher=DIANE Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-0521-4 |page=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181403/https://books.google.com/books?id=NCzYsz6Uv0IC&pg=PA36 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Iatrogenic menopause dey occur wen both ovaries surgically be removed (oophorectomy) along plus de uterus for medical reasons. Medical treatment of menopause primarily be to ameliorate symptoms den prevent bone loss.<ref name="auto2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davis SR, Baber RJ |date=August 2022 |title=Treating menopause - MHT and beyond |journal=Nature Reviews. Endocrinology |volume=18 |issue=8 |pages=490–502 |doi=10.1038/s41574-022-00685-4 |pmid=35624141 |s2cid=249069157}}</ref> Mild symptoms fi be improved plus treatment. Plus respect to hot flashes, avoiding nicotine, caffeine, den alcohol often be recommended; sleeping naked insyd a cool room den using a fan fi help. De most effective treatment give menopausal symptoms be menopausal hormone therapy (MHT).<ref name=":3" /><ref name="auto2" /> Non-hormonal therapies give hot flashes dey include cognitive-behavioral therapy, clinical hypnosis, [[gabapentin]], den fezolinetant anaa selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal |date=2023-06-21 |title=The 2023 nonhormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/GME.0000000000002200 |journal=Menopause |language=en |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=573–590 |doi=10.1097/GME.0000000000002200 |pmid=37252752 |s2cid=258969337 |issn=1072-3714|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Kra20152">{{cite journal |vauthors=Krause MS, Nakajima ST |date=March 2015 |title=Hormonal and nonhormonal treatment of vasomotor symptoms |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=163–179 |doi=10.1016/j.ogc.2014.09.008 |pmid=25681847}}</ref> Dese no go improve symptoms such as neurocognitive impairments, joint pain anaa vaginal dryness, wich dey affect over 55% of women.<ref name="auto2" /> Neurocognitive symptoms of menopause fi be treated plus [[lisdexamfetamine]]. Exercise fi help plus sleep disturbances. Chaw of de concerns about de use of MHT raise by older studies no longer be considered barriers to MHT insyd healthy women.<ref name="auto2" /> High-quality evidence give de effectiveness of alternative medicine no be found.<ref name="PubMed2013" /> == References == <references /> ==Read further== * [[Rebecca Mead]], "If You Can't Stand the Heat: Why menopause never gets old", ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 10 March 2025, pp.&nbsp;28–31. "If you've got [[ovary|ovaries]], you'll go through it. Why do so many feel so blindsided?" (p.&nbsp;28.) == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.medlineplus.gov/menopause.html Menopause: MedlinePlus] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170728005046/https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-menopause What Is Menopause?], National Institute on Aging * [https://www.menopause.org/for-women Menopause & Me], The North American Menopause Society {{Authority control}} [[Category:Menopause| ]] [[Category:Developmental stages]] [[Category:Endocrinology]] [[Category:Gynaecological endocrinology]] [[Category:Menstrual cycle]] [[Category:Middle age]] [[Category:Senescence]] [[Category:Human female endocrine system]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 6qkahsaj54w08qbtfydr47smb1pz4vz 14 26815 97933 2026-05-11T17:14:35Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97933 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26816 97934 2026-05-11T17:14:46Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97934 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26817 97935 2026-05-11T17:14:57Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97935 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 26818 97936 2026-05-11T17:17:24Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1468848|Oxandrolone]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97936 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97937 97936 2026-05-11T17:25:27Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oxandrolone''' be an androgen den synthetic anabolic steroid (AAS) medication to help promote weight gain insyd various situations, to help offset protein catabolism wey long-term corticosteroid therapy cause, to support recovery from severe burns, to treat bone pain dem associate plus [[osteoporosis]], to aid insyd de development of girlies plus [[Turner syndrome]], den give oda indications.<ref name="Llewellyn2011">{{cite book|vauthors=Llewellyn W|title=Anabolics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT342|year=2011|publisher=Molecular Nutrition Llc|isbn=978-0-9828280-1-4|pages=342–352|access-date=2017-11-06|archive-date=2024-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407100842/https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT342#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="LiGuo2016">{{cite journal |vauthors=Li H, Guo Y, Yang Z, Roy M, Guo Q |date=June 2016 |title=The efficacy and safety of oxandrolone treatment for patients with severe burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Burns |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=717–727 |doi=10.1016/j.burns.2015.08.023 |pmid=26454425 |s2cid=24139354}}</ref><ref name="RojasFinnerty2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rojas Y, Finnerty CC, Radhakrishnan RS, Herndon DN |date=December 2012 |title=Burns: an update on current pharmacotherapy |journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy |volume=13 |issue=17 |pages=2485–2494 |doi=10.1517/14656566.2012.738195 |pmc=3576016 |pmid=23121414}}</ref> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Dem dey sell am under de brand names Oxandrin den Anavar, among odas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mavros |first=Yorgi |last2=O'Neill |first2=Evelyn |last3=Connerty |first3=Maureen |last4=Bean |first4=Jonathan F. |last5=Broe |first5=Kerry |last6=Kiel |first6=Douglas P. |last7=Maclean |first7=David |last8=Taylor |first8=Ann |last9=Fielding |first9=Roger A. |last10=Singh |first10=Maria A. Fiatarone |date=November 2015 |title=Oxandrolone Augmentation of Resistance Training in Older Women: A Randomized Trial |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25899102 |journal=Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise |volume=47 |issue=11 |pages=2257–2267 |doi=10.1249/MSS.0000000000000690 |issn=1530-0315 |pmid=25899102}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == 2vmpam6zsbnaezv6puu7cpt3gpnxo9j 97938 97937 2026-05-11T17:40:50Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oxandrolone''' be an androgen den synthetic anabolic steroid (AAS) medication to help promote weight gain insyd various situations, to help offset protein catabolism wey long-term corticosteroid therapy cause, to support recovery from severe burns, to treat bone pain dem associate plus [[osteoporosis]], to aid insyd de development of girlies plus [[Turner syndrome]], den give oda indications.<ref name="Llewellyn2011">{{cite book|vauthors=Llewellyn W|title=Anabolics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT342|year=2011|publisher=Molecular Nutrition Llc|isbn=978-0-9828280-1-4|pages=342–352|access-date=2017-11-06|archive-date=2024-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407100842/https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT342#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="LiGuo2016">{{cite journal |vauthors=Li H, Guo Y, Yang Z, Roy M, Guo Q |date=June 2016 |title=The efficacy and safety of oxandrolone treatment for patients with severe burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Burns |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=717–727 |doi=10.1016/j.burns.2015.08.023 |pmid=26454425 |s2cid=24139354}}</ref><ref name="RojasFinnerty2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rojas Y, Finnerty CC, Radhakrishnan RS, Herndon DN |date=December 2012 |title=Burns: an update on current pharmacotherapy |journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy |volume=13 |issue=17 |pages=2485–2494 |doi=10.1517/14656566.2012.738195 |pmc=3576016 |pmid=23121414}}</ref> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Dem dey sell am under de brand names Oxandrin den Anavar, among odas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mavros |first=Yorgi |last2=O'Neill |first2=Evelyn |last3=Connerty |first3=Maureen |last4=Bean |first4=Jonathan F. |last5=Broe |first5=Kerry |last6=Kiel |first6=Douglas P. |last7=Maclean |first7=David |last8=Taylor |first8=Ann |last9=Fielding |first9=Roger A. |last10=Singh |first10=Maria A. Fiatarone |date=November 2015 |title=Oxandrolone Augmentation of Resistance Training in Older Women: A Randomized Trial |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25899102 |journal=Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise |volume=47 |issue=11 |pages=2257–2267 |doi=10.1249/MSS.0000000000000690 |issn=1530-0315 |pmid=25899102}}</ref> De drug be a synthetic androgen den anabolic steroid, hence e be an agonist of de androgen receptor (AR), de biological target of androgens such as testosterone den dihydrotestosterone.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid18500378">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kicman AT | title = Pharmacology of anabolic steroids | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 154 | issue = 3 | pages = 502–521 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18500378 | pmc = 2439524 | doi = 10.1038/bjp.2008.165 }}</ref> Side effects of oxandrolone dey include severe cases of peliosis hepatis, sam times dem associate plus liver failure den intra-abdominal hemorrhage; liver tumors, sam times fatal; den blood lipid changes dem associate plus increased risk of [[atherosclerosis]]. Additional warnings dey include de risks dem associate plus cholestatic hepatitis, hypercalcemia insyd patients plus breast cancer, den increased risk for de development of prostatic hypertrophy den prostatic carcinoma insyd older patients.<ref name="fda9232">{{Cite web |last=FDA |date=2023-09-13 |title=Determination That Oxandrin (Oxandrolone) Tablets, 2.5 Milligrams and 10 Milligrams, Were Withdrawn From Sale for Reasons of Safety or Effectiveness |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-09-13/pdf/2023-19796.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318101945/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-09-13/pdf/2023-19796.pdf |archive-date=2024-03-18 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=federalregister.gov}}</ref> E get strong anabolic effects den weak androgenic effects, wich give am a mild side effect profile in dat regard wey e make am especially suitable for use insyd women.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Milder side effects insyd women be increased sexual desire, symptoms of hyperandrogenism such as [[acne]], den symptoms of masculinization such as increased hair growth den voice changes.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] g611sxosy0riak6z5mqjozulroetgm1 97939 97938 2026-05-11T17:45:01Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oxandrolone''' be an androgen den synthetic anabolic steroid (AAS) medication to help promote weight gain insyd various situations, to help offset protein catabolism wey long-term corticosteroid therapy cause, to support recovery from severe burns, to treat bone pain dem associate plus [[osteoporosis]], to aid insyd de development of girlies plus [[Turner syndrome]], den give oda indications.<ref name="Llewellyn2011">{{cite book|vauthors=Llewellyn W|title=Anabolics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT342|year=2011|publisher=Molecular Nutrition Llc|isbn=978-0-9828280-1-4|pages=342–352|access-date=2017-11-06|archive-date=2024-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407100842/https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT342#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="LiGuo2016">{{cite journal |vauthors=Li H, Guo Y, Yang Z, Roy M, Guo Q |date=June 2016 |title=The efficacy and safety of oxandrolone treatment for patients with severe burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Burns |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=717–727 |doi=10.1016/j.burns.2015.08.023 |pmid=26454425 |s2cid=24139354}}</ref><ref name="RojasFinnerty2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rojas Y, Finnerty CC, Radhakrishnan RS, Herndon DN |date=December 2012 |title=Burns: an update on current pharmacotherapy |journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy |volume=13 |issue=17 |pages=2485–2494 |doi=10.1517/14656566.2012.738195 |pmc=3576016 |pmid=23121414}}</ref> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Dem dey sell am under de brand names Oxandrin den Anavar, among odas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mavros |first=Yorgi |last2=O'Neill |first2=Evelyn |last3=Connerty |first3=Maureen |last4=Bean |first4=Jonathan F. |last5=Broe |first5=Kerry |last6=Kiel |first6=Douglas P. |last7=Maclean |first7=David |last8=Taylor |first8=Ann |last9=Fielding |first9=Roger A. |last10=Singh |first10=Maria A. Fiatarone |date=November 2015 |title=Oxandrolone Augmentation of Resistance Training in Older Women: A Randomized Trial |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25899102 |journal=Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise |volume=47 |issue=11 |pages=2257–2267 |doi=10.1249/MSS.0000000000000690 |issn=1530-0315 |pmid=25899102}}</ref> De drug be a synthetic androgen den anabolic steroid, hence e be an agonist of de androgen receptor (AR), de biological target of androgens such as testosterone den dihydrotestosterone.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid18500378">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kicman AT | title = Pharmacology of anabolic steroids | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 154 | issue = 3 | pages = 502–521 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18500378 | pmc = 2439524 | doi = 10.1038/bjp.2008.165 }}</ref> Side effects of oxandrolone dey include severe cases of peliosis hepatis, sam times dem associate plus liver failure den intra-abdominal hemorrhage; liver tumors, sam times fatal; den blood lipid changes dem associate plus increased risk of [[atherosclerosis]]. Additional warnings dey include de risks dem associate plus cholestatic hepatitis, hypercalcemia insyd patients plus breast cancer, den increased risk for de development of prostatic hypertrophy den prostatic carcinoma insyd older patients.<ref name="fda9232">{{Cite web |last=FDA |date=2023-09-13 |title=Determination That Oxandrin (Oxandrolone) Tablets, 2.5 Milligrams and 10 Milligrams, Were Withdrawn From Sale for Reasons of Safety or Effectiveness |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-09-13/pdf/2023-19796.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318101945/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-09-13/pdf/2023-19796.pdf |archive-date=2024-03-18 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=federalregister.gov}}</ref> E get strong anabolic effects den weak androgenic effects, wich give am a mild side effect profile in dat regard wey e make am especially suitable for use insyd women.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Milder side effects insyd women be increased sexual desire, symptoms of hyperandrogenism such as [[acne]], den symptoms of masculinization such as increased hair growth den voice changes.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Na dem describe oxandrolone first insyd 1962 wey dem introduce am for medical use insyd 1964.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> De drug be a controlled substance insyd chaw countries, so non-medical use for purposes such as improving physique den performance be generally illicit.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid9414081">{{cite journal |vauthors=Korkia P, Stimson GV |date=October 1997 |title=Indications of prevalence, practice and effects of anabolic steroid use in Great Britain |journal=International Journal of Sports Medicine |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=557–562 |doi=10.1055/s-2007-972681 |pmid=9414081 |s2cid=260169851 |quote=Low dose 28 +/- 18; High dose 80 +/- 13}}</ref><ref name="FDA2009">{{cite web |date=11 June 2009 |title=Controlled Substances Act |url=https://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/ucm148726.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302014716/https://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/ucm148726.htm |archive-date=2 March 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |publisher=United States Food and Drug Administration}}</ref><ref name="CanadaLaws">{{Cite web |author=Legislative Services Branch |title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act= |url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-15.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205151428/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-15.html |archive-date=2017-02-05 |access-date=2017-01-14 |website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="GovUK">{{Cite web |title=List of most commonly encountered drugs currently controlled under the misuse of drugs legislation - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/controlled-drugs-list--2/list-of-most-commonly-encountered-drugs-currently-controlled-under-the-misuse-of-drugs-legislation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208222115/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/controlled-drugs-list--2/list-of-most-commonly-encountered-drugs-currently-controlled-under-the-misuse-of-drugs-legislation |archive-date=2019-12-08 |access-date=2017-01-14 |website=www.gov.uk}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] kpj97c10m7nn3orynswuktk0dyd27tx 97940 97939 2026-05-11T17:53:51Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oxandrolone''' be an androgen den synthetic anabolic steroid (AAS) medication to help promote weight gain insyd various situations, to help offset protein catabolism wey long-term corticosteroid therapy cause, to support recovery from severe burns, to treat bone pain dem associate plus [[osteoporosis]], to aid insyd de development of girlies plus [[Turner syndrome]], den give oda indications.<ref name="Llewellyn2011">{{cite book|vauthors=Llewellyn W|title=Anabolics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT342|year=2011|publisher=Molecular Nutrition Llc|isbn=978-0-9828280-1-4|pages=342–352|access-date=2017-11-06|archive-date=2024-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407100842/https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT342#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="LiGuo2016">{{cite journal |vauthors=Li H, Guo Y, Yang Z, Roy M, Guo Q |date=June 2016 |title=The efficacy and safety of oxandrolone treatment for patients with severe burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Burns |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=717–727 |doi=10.1016/j.burns.2015.08.023 |pmid=26454425 |s2cid=24139354}}</ref><ref name="RojasFinnerty2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rojas Y, Finnerty CC, Radhakrishnan RS, Herndon DN |date=December 2012 |title=Burns: an update on current pharmacotherapy |journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy |volume=13 |issue=17 |pages=2485–2494 |doi=10.1517/14656566.2012.738195 |pmc=3576016 |pmid=23121414}}</ref> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Dem dey sell am under de brand names Oxandrin den Anavar, among odas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mavros |first=Yorgi |last2=O'Neill |first2=Evelyn |last3=Connerty |first3=Maureen |last4=Bean |first4=Jonathan F. |last5=Broe |first5=Kerry |last6=Kiel |first6=Douglas P. |last7=Maclean |first7=David |last8=Taylor |first8=Ann |last9=Fielding |first9=Roger A. |last10=Singh |first10=Maria A. Fiatarone |date=November 2015 |title=Oxandrolone Augmentation of Resistance Training in Older Women: A Randomized Trial |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25899102 |journal=Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise |volume=47 |issue=11 |pages=2257–2267 |doi=10.1249/MSS.0000000000000690 |issn=1530-0315 |pmid=25899102}}</ref> De drug be a synthetic androgen den anabolic steroid, hence e be an agonist of de androgen receptor (AR), de biological target of androgens such as testosterone den dihydrotestosterone.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid18500378">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kicman AT | title = Pharmacology of anabolic steroids | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 154 | issue = 3 | pages = 502–521 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18500378 | pmc = 2439524 | doi = 10.1038/bjp.2008.165 }}</ref> Side effects of oxandrolone dey include severe cases of peliosis hepatis, sam times dem associate plus liver failure den intra-abdominal hemorrhage; liver tumors, sam times fatal; den blood lipid changes dem associate plus increased risk of [[atherosclerosis]]. Additional warnings dey include de risks dem associate plus cholestatic hepatitis, hypercalcemia insyd patients plus breast cancer, den increased risk for de development of prostatic hypertrophy den prostatic carcinoma insyd older patients.<ref name="fda9232">{{Cite web |last=FDA |date=2023-09-13 |title=Determination That Oxandrin (Oxandrolone) Tablets, 2.5 Milligrams and 10 Milligrams, Were Withdrawn From Sale for Reasons of Safety or Effectiveness |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-09-13/pdf/2023-19796.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318101945/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-09-13/pdf/2023-19796.pdf |archive-date=2024-03-18 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=federalregister.gov}}</ref> E get strong anabolic effects den weak androgenic effects, wich give am a mild side effect profile in dat regard wey e make am especially suitable for use insyd women.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Milder side effects insyd women be increased sexual desire, symptoms of hyperandrogenism such as [[acne]], den symptoms of masculinization such as increased hair growth den voice changes.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Na dem describe oxandrolone first insyd 1962 wey dem introduce am for medical use insyd 1964.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> De drug be a controlled substance insyd chaw countries, so non-medical use for purposes such as improving physique den performance be generally illicit.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid9414081">{{cite journal |vauthors=Korkia P, Stimson GV |date=October 1997 |title=Indications of prevalence, practice and effects of anabolic steroid use in Great Britain |journal=International Journal of Sports Medicine |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=557–562 |doi=10.1055/s-2007-972681 |pmid=9414081 |s2cid=260169851 |quote=Low dose 28 +/- 18; High dose 80 +/- 13}}</ref><ref name="FDA2009">{{cite web |date=11 June 2009 |title=Controlled Substances Act |url=https://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/ucm148726.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302014716/https://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/ucm148726.htm |archive-date=2 March 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |publisher=United States Food and Drug Administration}}</ref><ref name="CanadaLaws">{{Cite web |author=Legislative Services Branch |title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act= |url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-15.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205151428/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-15.html |archive-date=2017-02-05 |access-date=2017-01-14 |website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="GovUK">{{Cite web |title=List of most commonly encountered drugs currently controlled under the misuse of drugs legislation - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/controlled-drugs-list--2/list-of-most-commonly-encountered-drugs-currently-controlled-under-the-misuse-of-drugs-legislation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208222115/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/controlled-drugs-list--2/list-of-most-commonly-encountered-drugs-currently-controlled-under-the-misuse-of-drugs-legislation |archive-date=2019-12-08 |access-date=2017-01-14 |website=www.gov.uk}}</ref> Insyd de [[United States]], de FDA ein Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee unanimously conclude insyd 1984 say der be no evidence of efficacy give oxandrolone.<ref name="OxandroloneFDAwithdrawal">{{cite web |title=Gemini Laboratories, LLC, et al.; Withdrawal of Approval of One New Drug Application for OXANDRIN (Oxandrolone) Tablets and Four Abbreviated New Drug Applications for Oxandrolone Tablets |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/06/28/2023-13733/gemini-laboratories-llc-et-al-withdrawal-of-approval-of-one-new-drug-application-for-oxandrin |website=[[Federal Register]] |date=28 June 2023 |publisher=[[Office of the Federal Register]] of the [[National Archives and Records Administration]] |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> On March 26, 2019, Gemini biz FDA to withdraw approval for all doses of de drug, dey state say dem no longer dey market am.<ref name="fda9232" /><ref name="OxandroloneFDAwithdrawal"/> FDA notify Gemini den oda license holders on December 16, 2022, say e believe say de potential problems plus de drug say na de drug be sufficiently serious say e for be removed from de market, dey cite de 1984 finding of lack of efficacy den de extensive safety warnings den precautions dem list on de prescribing information, "wey dey include peliosis hepatis, sam times dem associate plus liver failure den intra-abdominal hemorrhage; liver cell tumors, sam times fatal; den blood lipid changes wey be known to be associated plus increased risk of [[atherosclerosis]]" as well as "cholestatic hepatitis, hypercalcemia in patients plus breast cancer, den increased risk give de development of prostatic hypertrophy den prostatic carcinoma insyd geriatric patients."<ref name="OxandroloneFDAwithdrawal"/> Gemini den Sandoz request say de FDA completely withdraw approval give de drug.<ref name="OxandroloneFDAwithdrawal"/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] bhoiks9x5smd8dkaqu13q77bzzhutnx 97941 97940 2026-05-11T17:57:43Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oxandrolone''' be an androgen den synthetic anabolic steroid (AAS) medication to help promote weight gain insyd various situations, to help offset protein catabolism wey long-term corticosteroid therapy cause, to support recovery from severe burns, to treat bone pain dem associate plus [[osteoporosis]], to aid insyd de development of girlies plus [[Turner syndrome]], den give oda indications.<ref name="Llewellyn2011">{{cite book|vauthors=Llewellyn W|title=Anabolics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT342|year=2011|publisher=Molecular Nutrition Llc|isbn=978-0-9828280-1-4|pages=342–352|access-date=2017-11-06|archive-date=2024-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407100842/https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT342#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="LiGuo2016">{{cite journal |vauthors=Li H, Guo Y, Yang Z, Roy M, Guo Q |date=June 2016 |title=The efficacy and safety of oxandrolone treatment for patients with severe burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Burns |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=717–727 |doi=10.1016/j.burns.2015.08.023 |pmid=26454425 |s2cid=24139354}}</ref><ref name="RojasFinnerty2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rojas Y, Finnerty CC, Radhakrishnan RS, Herndon DN |date=December 2012 |title=Burns: an update on current pharmacotherapy |journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy |volume=13 |issue=17 |pages=2485–2494 |doi=10.1517/14656566.2012.738195 |pmc=3576016 |pmid=23121414}}</ref> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Dem dey sell am under de brand names Oxandrin den Anavar, among odas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mavros |first=Yorgi |last2=O'Neill |first2=Evelyn |last3=Connerty |first3=Maureen |last4=Bean |first4=Jonathan F. |last5=Broe |first5=Kerry |last6=Kiel |first6=Douglas P. |last7=Maclean |first7=David |last8=Taylor |first8=Ann |last9=Fielding |first9=Roger A. |last10=Singh |first10=Maria A. Fiatarone |date=November 2015 |title=Oxandrolone Augmentation of Resistance Training in Older Women: A Randomized Trial |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25899102 |journal=Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise |volume=47 |issue=11 |pages=2257–2267 |doi=10.1249/MSS.0000000000000690 |issn=1530-0315 |pmid=25899102}}</ref> De drug be a synthetic androgen den anabolic steroid, hence e be an agonist of de androgen receptor (AR), de biological target of androgens such as testosterone den dihydrotestosterone.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid18500378">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kicman AT | title = Pharmacology of anabolic steroids | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 154 | issue = 3 | pages = 502–521 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18500378 | pmc = 2439524 | doi = 10.1038/bjp.2008.165 }}</ref> Side effects of oxandrolone dey include severe cases of peliosis hepatis, sam times dem associate plus liver failure den intra-abdominal hemorrhage; liver tumors, sam times fatal; den blood lipid changes dem associate plus increased risk of [[atherosclerosis]]. Additional warnings dey include de risks dem associate plus cholestatic hepatitis, hypercalcemia insyd patients plus breast cancer, den increased risk for de development of prostatic hypertrophy den prostatic carcinoma insyd older patients.<ref name="fda9232">{{Cite web |last=FDA |date=2023-09-13 |title=Determination That Oxandrin (Oxandrolone) Tablets, 2.5 Milligrams and 10 Milligrams, Were Withdrawn From Sale for Reasons of Safety or Effectiveness |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-09-13/pdf/2023-19796.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318101945/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-09-13/pdf/2023-19796.pdf |archive-date=2024-03-18 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=federalregister.gov}}</ref> E get strong anabolic effects den weak androgenic effects, wich give am a mild side effect profile in dat regard wey e make am especially suitable for use insyd women.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Milder side effects insyd women be increased sexual desire, symptoms of hyperandrogenism such as [[acne]], den symptoms of masculinization such as increased hair growth den voice changes.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> Na dem describe oxandrolone first insyd 1962 wey dem introduce am for medical use insyd 1964.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /> De drug be a controlled substance insyd chaw countries, so non-medical use for purposes such as improving physique den performance be generally illicit.<ref name="Llewellyn2011" /><ref name="pmid9414081">{{cite journal |vauthors=Korkia P, Stimson GV |date=October 1997 |title=Indications of prevalence, practice and effects of anabolic steroid use in Great Britain |journal=International Journal of Sports Medicine |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=557–562 |doi=10.1055/s-2007-972681 |pmid=9414081 |s2cid=260169851 |quote=Low dose 28 +/- 18; High dose 80 +/- 13}}</ref><ref name="FDA2009">{{cite web |date=11 June 2009 |title=Controlled Substances Act |url=https://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/ucm148726.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302014716/https://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/ucm148726.htm |archive-date=2 March 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |publisher=United States Food and Drug Administration}}</ref><ref name="CanadaLaws">{{Cite web |author=Legislative Services Branch |title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act= |url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-15.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205151428/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-15.html |archive-date=2017-02-05 |access-date=2017-01-14 |website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="GovUK">{{Cite web |title=List of most commonly encountered drugs currently controlled under the misuse of drugs legislation - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/controlled-drugs-list--2/list-of-most-commonly-encountered-drugs-currently-controlled-under-the-misuse-of-drugs-legislation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208222115/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/controlled-drugs-list--2/list-of-most-commonly-encountered-drugs-currently-controlled-under-the-misuse-of-drugs-legislation |archive-date=2019-12-08 |access-date=2017-01-14 |website=www.gov.uk}}</ref> Insyd de [[United States]], de FDA ein Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee unanimously conclude insyd 1984 say der be no evidence of efficacy give oxandrolone.<ref name="OxandroloneFDAwithdrawal">{{cite web |title=Gemini Laboratories, LLC, et al.; Withdrawal of Approval of One New Drug Application for OXANDRIN (Oxandrolone) Tablets and Four Abbreviated New Drug Applications for Oxandrolone Tablets |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/06/28/2023-13733/gemini-laboratories-llc-et-al-withdrawal-of-approval-of-one-new-drug-application-for-oxandrin |website=[[Federal Register]] |date=28 June 2023 |publisher=[[Office of the Federal Register]] of the [[National Archives and Records Administration]] |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> On March 26, 2019, Gemini biz FDA to withdraw approval for all doses of de drug, dey state say dem no longer dey market am.<ref name="fda9232" /><ref name="OxandroloneFDAwithdrawal"/> FDA notify Gemini den oda license holders on December 16, 2022, say e believe say de potential problems plus de drug say na de drug be sufficiently serious say e for be removed from de market, dey cite de 1984 finding of lack of efficacy den de extensive safety warnings den precautions dem list on de prescribing information, "wey dey include peliosis hepatis, sam times dem associate plus liver failure den intra-abdominal hemorrhage; liver cell tumors, sam times fatal; den blood lipid changes wey be known to be associated plus increased risk of [[atherosclerosis]]" as well as "cholestatic hepatitis, hypercalcemia in patients plus breast cancer, den increased risk give de development of prostatic hypertrophy den prostatic carcinoma insyd geriatric patients."<ref name="OxandroloneFDAwithdrawal"/> Gemini den Sandoz request say de FDA completely withdraw approval give de drug.<ref name="OxandroloneFDAwithdrawal"/> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071228235918/http://www.savientpharma.com/products/oxandrin.asp Oxandrin Homepage], savientpharma.com (via archive.org) * [https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/05p0383/05p-0383-prc0001-03-Labeling-vol1.pdf Oxandrin Label], fda.gov (retrieved 23 October 2009) * {{cite web |url=https://www.drugs.com/MTM/oxandrolone.html |title=Oxandrolone Side Effects, Interactions and Information |publisher=drugs.com }} [[Category:Androgens]] [[Category:Androstanes]] [[Category:Appetite stimulants]] [[Category:Hepatotoxins]] [[Category:Delta-lactones]] [[Category:Tertiary alcohols]] [[Category:Withdrawn drugs]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 5dxucjgge23z8wy7e11iwey173aihtr 14 26819 97942 2026-05-11T17:58:10Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97942 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26820 97943 2026-05-11T17:58:21Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97943 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26821 97944 2026-05-11T17:58:32Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97944 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 26822 97945 2026-05-11T17:59:31Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1490689|BCG vaccine]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97945 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97961 97945 2026-05-11T19:53:38Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Bacillus Calmette–Guérin''' ('''BCG''') '''vaccine''' be a vaccine dem primarily use against [[tuberculosis]] (TB).<ref name=WHO2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = BCG vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2018 | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 93 | issue = 8 | pages = 73–96 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29474026 | hdl = 10665/260307 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Dem name am after ein inventors Albert Calmette den Camille Guérin.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hawgood BJ | title = Albert Calmette (1863-1933) and Camille Guérin (1872-1961): the C and G of BCG vaccine | journal = Journal of Medical Biography | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 139–146 | date = August 2007 | pmid = 17641786 | doi = 10.1258/j.jmb.2007.06-15 | s2cid = 41880560 }}</ref><ref name="pmid 24023600">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luca S, Mihaescu T | title = History of BCG Vaccine | journal = Maedica | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–58 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 24023600 | pmc = 3749764 }}</ref> Insyd countries wer tuberculosis anaa [[leprosy]] be common, one dose be recommended insyd healthy babies as soon after birth as possible.<ref name=WHO2018/> Insyd areas wer tuberculosis no be common, kiddies at high risk per be typically immunized, while suspected cases of tuberculosis be individually tested for den treated.<ref name=WHO2018/> Adults wey be frequently exposed to tuberculosis sanso fi be immunized.<ref name=WHO2018/> BCG get sam effectiveness against Buruli ulcer infection den oda nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.<ref name=WHO2018 /> E sanso often be used as part of de treatment of bladder cancer.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fuge O, Vasdev N, Allchorne P, Green JS | title = Immunotherapy for bladder cancer | journal = Research and Reports in Urology | volume = 7 | pages = 65–79 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 26000263 | pmc = 4427258 | doi = 10.2147/RRU.S63447 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Houghton BB, Chalasani V, Hayne D, Grimison P, Brown CS, Patel MI, Davis ID, Stockler MR | title = Intravesical chemotherapy plus bacille Calmette-Guérin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis | journal = BJU International | volume = 111 | issue = 6 | pages = 977–983 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23253618 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11390.x | s2cid = 24961108 }}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == tpxioaxf8tm4tkxmm256eoz30vdo44o 97962 97961 2026-05-11T19:58:41Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Bacillus Calmette–Guérin''' ('''BCG''') '''vaccine''' be a vaccine dem primarily use against [[tuberculosis]] (TB).<ref name=WHO2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = BCG vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2018 | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 93 | issue = 8 | pages = 73–96 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29474026 | hdl = 10665/260307 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Dem name am after ein inventors Albert Calmette den Camille Guérin.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hawgood BJ | title = Albert Calmette (1863-1933) and Camille Guérin (1872-1961): the C and G of BCG vaccine | journal = Journal of Medical Biography | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 139–146 | date = August 2007 | pmid = 17641786 | doi = 10.1258/j.jmb.2007.06-15 | s2cid = 41880560 }}</ref><ref name="pmid 24023600">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luca S, Mihaescu T | title = History of BCG Vaccine | journal = Maedica | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–58 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 24023600 | pmc = 3749764 }}</ref> Insyd countries wer tuberculosis anaa [[leprosy]] be common, one dose be recommended insyd healthy babies as soon after birth as possible.<ref name=WHO2018/> Insyd areas wer tuberculosis no be common, kiddies at high risk per be typically immunized, while suspected cases of tuberculosis be individually tested for den treated.<ref name=WHO2018/> Adults wey be frequently exposed to tuberculosis sanso fi be immunized.<ref name=WHO2018/> BCG get sam effectiveness against Buruli ulcer infection den oda nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.<ref name=WHO2018 /> E sanso often be used as part of de treatment of bladder cancer.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fuge O, Vasdev N, Allchorne P, Green JS | title = Immunotherapy for bladder cancer | journal = Research and Reports in Urology | volume = 7 | pages = 65–79 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 26000263 | pmc = 4427258 | doi = 10.2147/RRU.S63447 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Houghton BB, Chalasani V, Hayne D, Grimison P, Brown CS, Patel MI, Davis ID, Stockler MR | title = Intravesical chemotherapy plus bacille Calmette-Guérin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis | journal = BJU International | volume = 111 | issue = 6 | pages = 977–983 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23253618 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11390.x | s2cid = 24961108 }}</ref> Rates of protection against tuberculosis infection dey vary widely wey protection dey last up to 20 years.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Among kiddies, e dey prevent about 20% from getting infected den among those wey get infected, e dey protect half from developing disease.<ref name="pmid250971932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy A, Eisenhut M, Harris RJ, Rodrigues LC, Sridhar S, Habermann S, Snell L, Mangtani P, Adetifa I, Lalvani A, Abubakar I |date=August 2014 |title=Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=BMJ |volume=349 |doi=10.1136/bmj.g4643 |pmc=4122754 |pmid=25097193 |article-number=g4643}}</ref> De vaccine be injected into de skin.<ref name=WHO2018 /> No evidence dey show say additional doses be beneficial.<ref name=WHO2018 /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] oi44tta9qc9epfhso35vzaorr5g1eqy 97963 97962 2026-05-11T23:10:47Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Bacillus Calmette–Guérin''' ('''BCG''') '''vaccine''' be a vaccine dem primarily use against [[tuberculosis]] (TB).<ref name=WHO2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = BCG vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2018 | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 93 | issue = 8 | pages = 73–96 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29474026 | hdl = 10665/260307 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Dem name am after ein inventors Albert Calmette den Camille Guérin.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hawgood BJ | title = Albert Calmette (1863-1933) and Camille Guérin (1872-1961): the C and G of BCG vaccine | journal = Journal of Medical Biography | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 139–146 | date = August 2007 | pmid = 17641786 | doi = 10.1258/j.jmb.2007.06-15 | s2cid = 41880560 }}</ref><ref name="pmid 24023600">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luca S, Mihaescu T | title = History of BCG Vaccine | journal = Maedica | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–58 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 24023600 | pmc = 3749764 }}</ref> Insyd countries wer tuberculosis anaa [[leprosy]] be common, one dose be recommended insyd healthy babies as soon after birth as possible.<ref name=WHO2018/> Insyd areas wer tuberculosis no be common, kiddies at high risk per be typically immunized, while suspected cases of tuberculosis be individually tested for den treated.<ref name=WHO2018/> Adults wey be frequently exposed to tuberculosis sanso fi be immunized.<ref name=WHO2018/> BCG get sam effectiveness against Buruli ulcer infection den oda nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.<ref name=WHO2018 /> E sanso often be used as part of de treatment of bladder cancer.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fuge O, Vasdev N, Allchorne P, Green JS | title = Immunotherapy for bladder cancer | journal = Research and Reports in Urology | volume = 7 | pages = 65–79 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 26000263 | pmc = 4427258 | doi = 10.2147/RRU.S63447 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Houghton BB, Chalasani V, Hayne D, Grimison P, Brown CS, Patel MI, Davis ID, Stockler MR | title = Intravesical chemotherapy plus bacille Calmette-Guérin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis | journal = BJU International | volume = 111 | issue = 6 | pages = 977–983 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23253618 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11390.x | s2cid = 24961108 }}</ref> Rates of protection against tuberculosis infection dey vary widely wey protection dey last up to 20 years.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Among kiddies, e dey prevent about 20% from getting infected den among those wey get infected, e dey protect half from developing disease.<ref name="pmid250971932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy A, Eisenhut M, Harris RJ, Rodrigues LC, Sridhar S, Habermann S, Snell L, Mangtani P, Adetifa I, Lalvani A, Abubakar I |date=August 2014 |title=Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=BMJ |volume=349 |doi=10.1136/bmj.g4643 |pmc=4122754 |pmid=25097193 |article-number=g4643}}</ref> De vaccine be injected into de skin.<ref name=WHO2018 /> No evidence dey show say additional doses be beneficial.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Serious side effects be rare. Redness, swelling, den mild pain often dey occur at de injection site.<ref name=WHO2018 /> A small ulcer sanso fi form plus sam scarring after healing.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Side effects be more common den potentially more severe insyd those plus immunosuppression.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Although no harmful effects on de fetus be observed, der be insufficient evidence about de safety of BCG vaccination during [[pregnancy]]. Therefore, de vaccine no be recommended for use during pregnancy.<ref name=WHO2018 /> De vaccine originally be developed from ''Mycobacterium bovis'', wich dem commonly find insyd cattle.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Although e be weakened, e still be live.<ref name=WHO2018 /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] k4qcvt42jyjh86t356pd3ddy6j3piw0 97964 97963 2026-05-11T23:20:38Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Bacillus Calmette–Guérin''' ('''BCG''') '''vaccine''' be a vaccine dem primarily use against [[tuberculosis]] (TB).<ref name=WHO2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = BCG vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2018 | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 93 | issue = 8 | pages = 73–96 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29474026 | hdl = 10665/260307 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Dem name am after ein inventors Albert Calmette den Camille Guérin.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hawgood BJ | title = Albert Calmette (1863-1933) and Camille Guérin (1872-1961): the C and G of BCG vaccine | journal = Journal of Medical Biography | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 139–146 | date = August 2007 | pmid = 17641786 | doi = 10.1258/j.jmb.2007.06-15 | s2cid = 41880560 }}</ref><ref name="pmid 24023600">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luca S, Mihaescu T | title = History of BCG Vaccine | journal = Maedica | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–58 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 24023600 | pmc = 3749764 }}</ref> Insyd countries wer tuberculosis anaa [[leprosy]] be common, one dose be recommended insyd healthy babies as soon after birth as possible.<ref name=WHO2018/> Insyd areas wer tuberculosis no be common, kiddies at high risk per be typically immunized, while suspected cases of tuberculosis be individually tested for den treated.<ref name=WHO2018/> Adults wey be frequently exposed to tuberculosis sanso fi be immunized.<ref name=WHO2018/> BCG get sam effectiveness against Buruli ulcer infection den oda nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.<ref name=WHO2018 /> E sanso often be used as part of de treatment of bladder cancer.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fuge O, Vasdev N, Allchorne P, Green JS | title = Immunotherapy for bladder cancer | journal = Research and Reports in Urology | volume = 7 | pages = 65–79 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 26000263 | pmc = 4427258 | doi = 10.2147/RRU.S63447 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Houghton BB, Chalasani V, Hayne D, Grimison P, Brown CS, Patel MI, Davis ID, Stockler MR | title = Intravesical chemotherapy plus bacille Calmette-Guérin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis | journal = BJU International | volume = 111 | issue = 6 | pages = 977–983 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23253618 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11390.x | s2cid = 24961108 }}</ref> Rates of protection against tuberculosis infection dey vary widely wey protection dey last up to 20 years.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Among kiddies, e dey prevent about 20% from getting infected den among those wey get infected, e dey protect half from developing disease.<ref name="pmid250971932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy A, Eisenhut M, Harris RJ, Rodrigues LC, Sridhar S, Habermann S, Snell L, Mangtani P, Adetifa I, Lalvani A, Abubakar I |date=August 2014 |title=Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=BMJ |volume=349 |doi=10.1136/bmj.g4643 |pmc=4122754 |pmid=25097193 |article-number=g4643}}</ref> De vaccine be injected into de skin.<ref name=WHO2018 /> No evidence dey show say additional doses be beneficial.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Serious side effects be rare. Redness, swelling, den mild pain often dey occur at de injection site.<ref name=WHO2018 /> A small ulcer sanso fi form plus sam scarring after healing.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Side effects be more common den potentially more severe insyd those plus immunosuppression.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Although no harmful effects on de fetus be observed, der be insufficient evidence about de safety of BCG vaccination during [[pregnancy]]. Therefore, de vaccine no be recommended for use during pregnancy.<ref name=WHO2018 /> De vaccine originally be developed from ''Mycobacterium bovis'', wich dem commonly find insyd cattle.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Although e be weakened, e still be live.<ref name=WHO2018 /> De BCG vaccine first be used medically insyd 1921.<ref name=WHO2018 /> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO24th">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list | year = 2025 | hdl = 10665/382243 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | hdl-access = free | doi = 10.2471/B09474 | doi-access = free | id = License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> {{As of|2004}}, dem give de vaccine to about 100 million kiddies per year globally.<ref name=WHO2004>{{cite journal|date=January 2004|title=BCG Vaccine: WHO position paper|journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record|volume=4|issue=79|pages=27–38|hdl=10665/232372 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> However, e no be commonly administered insyd de [[United States]].<ref name="pmid 86021272">{{cite journal |vauthors=((Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)) |date=April 1996 |title=The role of BCG vaccine in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in the United States. A joint statement by the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr4504.pdf |url-status=live |journal=MMWR. Recommendations and Reports |volume=45 |issue=RR-4 |pages=1–18 |pmid=8602127 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106203240/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr4504.pdf |archive-date=6 January 2020 |access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vaudry W |title="To BCG or not to BCG, that is the question!". The challenge of BCG vaccination: Why can't we get it right? |journal=Paediatrics & Child Health |date=March 2003 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=141–144 |doi=10.1093/pch/8.3.141|pmid=20020010 |pmc=2792660 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] e20abemwq4kt9d750ljqlteez1r0tg7 97965 97964 2026-05-11T23:24:05Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Bacillus Calmette–Guérin''' ('''BCG''') '''vaccine''' be a vaccine dem primarily use against [[tuberculosis]] (TB).<ref name=WHO2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = BCG vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2018 | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 93 | issue = 8 | pages = 73–96 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29474026 | hdl = 10665/260307 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Dem name am after ein inventors Albert Calmette den Camille Guérin.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hawgood BJ | title = Albert Calmette (1863-1933) and Camille Guérin (1872-1961): the C and G of BCG vaccine | journal = Journal of Medical Biography | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 139–146 | date = August 2007 | pmid = 17641786 | doi = 10.1258/j.jmb.2007.06-15 | s2cid = 41880560 }}</ref><ref name="pmid 24023600">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luca S, Mihaescu T | title = History of BCG Vaccine | journal = Maedica | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–58 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 24023600 | pmc = 3749764 }}</ref> Insyd countries wer tuberculosis anaa [[leprosy]] be common, one dose be recommended insyd healthy babies as soon after birth as possible.<ref name=WHO2018/> Insyd areas wer tuberculosis no be common, kiddies at high risk per be typically immunized, while suspected cases of tuberculosis be individually tested for den treated.<ref name=WHO2018/> Adults wey be frequently exposed to tuberculosis sanso fi be immunized.<ref name=WHO2018/> BCG get sam effectiveness against Buruli ulcer infection den oda nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.<ref name=WHO2018 /> E sanso often be used as part of de treatment of bladder cancer.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fuge O, Vasdev N, Allchorne P, Green JS | title = Immunotherapy for bladder cancer | journal = Research and Reports in Urology | volume = 7 | pages = 65–79 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 26000263 | pmc = 4427258 | doi = 10.2147/RRU.S63447 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Houghton BB, Chalasani V, Hayne D, Grimison P, Brown CS, Patel MI, Davis ID, Stockler MR | title = Intravesical chemotherapy plus bacille Calmette-Guérin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis | journal = BJU International | volume = 111 | issue = 6 | pages = 977–983 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23253618 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11390.x | s2cid = 24961108 }}</ref> Rates of protection against tuberculosis infection dey vary widely wey protection dey last up to 20 years.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Among kiddies, e dey prevent about 20% from getting infected den among those wey get infected, e dey protect half from developing disease.<ref name="pmid250971932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy A, Eisenhut M, Harris RJ, Rodrigues LC, Sridhar S, Habermann S, Snell L, Mangtani P, Adetifa I, Lalvani A, Abubakar I |date=August 2014 |title=Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=BMJ |volume=349 |doi=10.1136/bmj.g4643 |pmc=4122754 |pmid=25097193 |article-number=g4643}}</ref> De vaccine be injected into de skin.<ref name=WHO2018 /> No evidence dey show say additional doses be beneficial.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Serious side effects be rare. Redness, swelling, den mild pain often dey occur at de injection site.<ref name=WHO2018 /> A small ulcer sanso fi form plus sam scarring after healing.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Side effects be more common den potentially more severe insyd those plus immunosuppression.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Although no harmful effects on de fetus be observed, der be insufficient evidence about de safety of BCG vaccination during [[pregnancy]]. Therefore, de vaccine no be recommended for use during pregnancy.<ref name=WHO2018 /> De vaccine originally be developed from ''Mycobacterium bovis'', wich dem commonly find insyd cattle.<ref name=WHO2018 /> Although e be weakened, e still be live.<ref name=WHO2018 /> De BCG vaccine first be used medically insyd 1921.<ref name=WHO2018 /> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO24th">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list | year = 2025 | hdl = 10665/382243 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | hdl-access = free | doi = 10.2471/B09474 | doi-access = free | id = License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> {{As of|2004}}, dem give de vaccine to about 100 million kiddies per year globally.<ref name=WHO2004>{{cite journal|date=January 2004|title=BCG Vaccine: WHO position paper|journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record|volume=4|issue=79|pages=27–38|hdl=10665/232372 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> However, e no be commonly administered insyd de [[United States]].<ref name="pmid 86021272">{{cite journal |vauthors=((Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)) |date=April 1996 |title=The role of BCG vaccine in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in the United States. A joint statement by the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr4504.pdf |url-status=live |journal=MMWR. Recommendations and Reports |volume=45 |issue=RR-4 |pages=1–18 |pmid=8602127 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106203240/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr4504.pdf |archive-date=6 January 2020 |access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vaudry W |title="To BCG or not to BCG, that is the question!". The challenge of BCG vaccination: Why can't we get it right? |journal=Paediatrics & Child Health |date=March 2003 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=141–144 |doi=10.1093/pch/8.3.141|pmid=20020010 |pmc=2792660 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=BCG+Vaccine BCG Vaccine] at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:BCG Vaccine}} [[Category:Vaccines]] [[Category:Cancer vaccines]] [[Category:Live vaccines]] [[Category:Tuberculosis vaccines]] [[Category:Drugs wey Schering-Plough develop]] [[Category:Drugs wey Merck & Co. develop]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines (vaccines)]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 1zp7rk0tivcwhirmia39oapfsdjb976 0 26823 97946 2026-05-11T18:35:59Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1471051|Potassium iodide]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97946 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97947 97946 2026-05-11T18:44:21Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Potassium iodide''' (K[[Iodine|I]]) be a chemical compound, medication, den dietary supplement.<ref>{{cite book| author1 = National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies | author2 = Board on Radiation Effects Research | author3 = Committee to Assess the Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident |title=Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident|date=2004|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-09098-8|page=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918183801/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|archive-date=18 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="St20022">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137 |title=A Guide to the Elements |vauthors=Stwertka A |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-515026-1 |page=137 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137 |archive-date=14 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> E be a medication dem use for treating hyperthyroidism, in radiation emergencies, den for protecting de thyroid gland wen certain types of radiopharmaceuticals be used.<ref name=AHFS2017/> E sanso be used for treating skin sporotrichosis den phycomycosis.<ref name=AHFS2017/><ref name=WHO2008>{{cite book | title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-92-4-154765-9 | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | veditors = Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR | hdl = 10665/44053 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization |page=390 }}</ref> E be a supplement wey people use plus low dietary intake of iodine.<ref name="St20022" /> E be administered orally.<ref name=AHFS2017>{{cite web|title=Potassium Iodide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116192447/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|archive-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == jzxmhvcyvlhl83z38fi7syrt6dwev8e 97948 97947 2026-05-11T18:51:37Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Potassium iodide''' (K[[Iodine|I]]) be a chemical compound, medication, den dietary supplement.<ref>{{cite book| author1 = National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies | author2 = Board on Radiation Effects Research | author3 = Committee to Assess the Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident |title=Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident|date=2004|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-09098-8|page=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918183801/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|archive-date=18 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="St20022">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137 |title=A Guide to the Elements |vauthors=Stwertka A |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-515026-1 |page=137 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137 |archive-date=14 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> E be a medication dem use for treating hyperthyroidism, in radiation emergencies, den for protecting de thyroid gland wen certain types of radiopharmaceuticals be used.<ref name=AHFS2017/> E sanso be used for treating skin sporotrichosis den phycomycosis.<ref name=AHFS2017/><ref name=WHO2008>{{cite book | title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-92-4-154765-9 | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | veditors = Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR | hdl = 10665/44053 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization |page=390 }}</ref> E be a supplement wey people use plus low dietary intake of iodine.<ref name="St20022" /> E be administered orally.<ref name=AHFS2017>{{cite web|title=Potassium Iodide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116192447/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|archive-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> Common side effects dey include [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], abdominal pain, rash, den swelling of de salivary glands.<ref name=AHFS2017/> Oda side effects dey include allergic reactions, headache, goitre, den [[depression (mood)|depression]].<ref name=WHO2008/> While ein use during [[pregnancy]] fi harm de baby, ein use still be recommended in radiation emergencies.<ref name=AHFS2017/> Potassium iodide get de chemical formula KI.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Ensminger ME, Ensminger AH |title=Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia, Two Volume Set|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-8493-8980-1|page=16|edition=s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813144519/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> Commercially e be made by mixing potassium hydroxide plus iodine.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Kaiho T |title=Iodine Chemistry and Applications|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-87865-1 |page=57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150814/https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Center for Drug Evaluation and Research | title = Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies | url = https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/potassium-iodide-thyroid-blocking-agent-radiation-emergencies | date = December 2001 | publisher = U.S. Food and Drug Administration | access-date = 22 August 2020 | archive-date = 19 August 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200819015757/https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/potassium-iodide-thyroid-blocking-agent-radiation-emergencies | url-status = live }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 2btu0bako8fwlv2lvpodd04q2bmw2fg 97949 97948 2026-05-11T18:55:09Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Potassium iodide''' (K[[Iodine|I]]) be a chemical compound, medication, den dietary supplement.<ref>{{cite book| author1 = National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies | author2 = Board on Radiation Effects Research | author3 = Committee to Assess the Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident |title=Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident|date=2004|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-09098-8|page=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918183801/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|archive-date=18 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="St20022">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137 |title=A Guide to the Elements |vauthors=Stwertka A |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-515026-1 |page=137 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137 |archive-date=14 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> E be a medication dem use for treating hyperthyroidism, in radiation emergencies, den for protecting de thyroid gland wen certain types of radiopharmaceuticals be used.<ref name=AHFS2017/> E sanso be used for treating skin sporotrichosis den phycomycosis.<ref name=AHFS2017/><ref name=WHO2008>{{cite book | title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-92-4-154765-9 | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | veditors = Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR | hdl = 10665/44053 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization |page=390 }}</ref> E be a supplement wey people use plus low dietary intake of iodine.<ref name="St20022" /> E be administered orally.<ref name=AHFS2017>{{cite web|title=Potassium Iodide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116192447/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|archive-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> Common side effects dey include [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], abdominal pain, rash, den swelling of de salivary glands.<ref name=AHFS2017/> Oda side effects dey include allergic reactions, headache, goitre, den [[depression (mood)|depression]].<ref name=WHO2008/> While ein use during [[pregnancy]] fi harm de baby, ein use still be recommended in radiation emergencies.<ref name=AHFS2017/> Potassium iodide get de chemical formula KI.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Ensminger ME, Ensminger AH |title=Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia, Two Volume Set|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-8493-8980-1|page=16|edition=s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813144519/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> Commercially e be made by mixing potassium hydroxide plus iodine.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Kaiho T |title=Iodine Chemistry and Applications|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-87865-1 |page=57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150814/https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Center for Drug Evaluation and Research | title = Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies | url = https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/potassium-iodide-thyroid-blocking-agent-radiation-emergencies | date = December 2001 | publisher = U.S. Food and Drug Administration | access-date = 22 August 2020 | archive-date = 19 August 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200819015757/https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/potassium-iodide-thyroid-blocking-agent-radiation-emergencies | url-status = live }}</ref> Potassium iodide be used medically since at least 1820.<ref name=Or2012>{{cite book| vauthors = Oriel JD |title=The Scars of Venus: A History of Venereology|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4471-2068-1|page=87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035359/https://books.google.ca/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|archive-date=14 September 2017}}</ref> E dey on de [[World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> Potassium iodide be available as a [[generic medication]] den [[over de counter]].<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book| vauthors = Hamilton R |title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-1-284-05756-0|page=224}}</ref> Potassium iodide sanso be used give de [[iodization of salt]].<ref name=St2002>{{cite book| vauthors = Stwertka A |title=A Guide to the Elements|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-515026-1 |page=137|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|archive-date=14 September 2017}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] q9p7t9wumt5mh8akrbxeap7413r16r7 97950 97949 2026-05-11T19:00:25Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Potassium iodide''' (K[[Iodine|I]]) be a chemical compound, medication, den dietary supplement.<ref>{{cite book| author1 = National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies | author2 = Board on Radiation Effects Research | author3 = Committee to Assess the Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident |title=Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident|date=2004|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-09098-8|page=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918183801/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|archive-date=18 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="St20022">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137 |title=A Guide to the Elements |vauthors=Stwertka A |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-515026-1 |page=137 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137 |archive-date=14 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> E be a medication dem use for treating hyperthyroidism, in radiation emergencies, den for protecting de thyroid gland wen certain types of radiopharmaceuticals be used.<ref name=AHFS2017/> E sanso be used for treating skin sporotrichosis den phycomycosis.<ref name=AHFS2017/><ref name=WHO2008>{{cite book | title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-92-4-154765-9 | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | veditors = Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR | hdl = 10665/44053 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization |page=390 }}</ref> E be a supplement wey people use plus low dietary intake of iodine.<ref name="St20022" /> E be administered orally.<ref name=AHFS2017>{{cite web|title=Potassium Iodide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116192447/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|archive-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> Common side effects dey include [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], abdominal pain, rash, den swelling of de salivary glands.<ref name=AHFS2017/> Oda side effects dey include allergic reactions, headache, goitre, den [[depression (mood)|depression]].<ref name=WHO2008/> While ein use during [[pregnancy]] fi harm de baby, ein use still be recommended in radiation emergencies.<ref name=AHFS2017/> Potassium iodide get de chemical formula KI.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Ensminger ME, Ensminger AH |title=Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia, Two Volume Set|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-8493-8980-1|page=16|edition=s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813144519/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> Commercially e be made by mixing potassium hydroxide plus iodine.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Kaiho T |title=Iodine Chemistry and Applications|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-87865-1 |page=57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150814/https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Center for Drug Evaluation and Research | title = Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies | url = https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/potassium-iodide-thyroid-blocking-agent-radiation-emergencies | date = December 2001 | publisher = U.S. Food and Drug Administration | access-date = 22 August 2020 | archive-date = 19 August 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200819015757/https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/potassium-iodide-thyroid-blocking-agent-radiation-emergencies | url-status = live }}</ref> Potassium iodide be used medically since at least 1820.<ref name=Or2012>{{cite book| vauthors = Oriel JD |title=The Scars of Venus: A History of Venereology|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4471-2068-1|page=87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035359/https://books.google.ca/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|archive-date=14 September 2017}}</ref> E dey on de [[World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> Potassium iodide be available as a [[generic medication]] den [[over de counter]].<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book| vauthors = Hamilton R |title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-1-284-05756-0|page=224}}</ref> Potassium iodide sanso be used give de [[iodization of salt]].<ref name=St2002>{{cite book| vauthors = Stwertka A |title=A Guide to the Elements|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-515026-1 |page=137|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|archive-date=14 September 2017}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/en/Iodine_Prophylaxis_guide.pdf World Health Organization's guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following a nuclear accident] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Potassium Iodide}} [[Category:Potassium compounds]] [[Category:Alkali metal iodides]] [[Category:Disaster preparedness]] [[Category:Expectorants]] [[Category:Iodides]] [[Category:Food additives]] [[Category:Metal halides]] [[Category:Over-the-counter drugs insyd de United States]] [[Category:Photographic chemicals]] [[Category:Radiobiology]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[Category:Rock salt crystal structure]] [[Category:Ophthalmology drugs]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 3o2lmmmofhcdvri6bucbs78ikw4elwq 97951 97950 2026-05-11T19:07:08Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Potassium iodide''' (K[[Iodine|I]]) be a chemical compound, medication, den dietary supplement.<ref>{{cite book| author1 = National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies | author2 = Board on Radiation Effects Research | author3 = Committee to Assess the Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident |title=Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident|date=2004|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-09098-8|page=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918183801/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|archive-date=18 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="St20022">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137 |title=A Guide to the Elements |vauthors=Stwertka A |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-515026-1 |page=137 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137 |archive-date=14 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> E be a medication dem use for treating hyperthyroidism, in radiation emergencies, den for protecting de thyroid gland wen certain types of radiopharmaceuticals be used.<ref name=AHFS2017/> E sanso be used for treating skin sporotrichosis den phycomycosis.<ref name=AHFS2017/><ref name=WHO2008>{{cite book | title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-92-4-154765-9 | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | veditors = Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR | hdl = 10665/44053 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization |page=390 }}</ref> E be a supplement wey people use plus low dietary intake of iodine.<ref name="St20022" /> E be administered orally.<ref name=AHFS2017>{{cite web|title=Potassium Iodide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116192447/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|archive-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> Common side effects dey include [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], abdominal pain, rash, den swelling of de salivary glands.<ref name=AHFS2017/> Oda side effects dey include allergic reactions, headache, goitre, den [[depression (mood)|depression]].<ref name=WHO2008/> While ein use during [[pregnancy]] fi harm de baby, ein use still be recommended in radiation emergencies.<ref name=AHFS2017/> Potassium iodide get de chemical formula KI.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Ensminger ME, Ensminger AH |title=Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia, Two Volume Set|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-8493-8980-1|page=16|edition=s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813144519/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> Commercially e be made by mixing potassium hydroxide plus iodine.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Kaiho T |title=Iodine Chemistry and Applications|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-87865-1 |page=57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150814/https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Center for Drug Evaluation and Research | title = Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies | url = https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/potassium-iodide-thyroid-blocking-agent-radiation-emergencies | date = December 2001 | publisher = U.S. Food and Drug Administration | access-date = 22 August 2020 | archive-date = 19 August 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200819015757/https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/potassium-iodide-thyroid-blocking-agent-radiation-emergencies | url-status = live }}</ref> Potassium iodide be used medically since at least 1820.<ref name=Or2012>{{cite book| vauthors = Oriel JD |title=The Scars of Venus: A History of Venereology|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4471-2068-1|page=87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035359/https://books.google.ca/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|archive-date=14 September 2017}}</ref> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> Potassium iodide be available as a generic medication den over de counter.<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book| vauthors = Hamilton R |title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-1-284-05756-0|page=224}}</ref> Potassium iodide sanso be used give de iodization of salt.<ref name=St2002>{{cite book| vauthors = Stwertka A |title=A Guide to the Elements|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-515026-1 |page=137|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|archive-date=14 September 2017}}</ref> == History == Potassium iodide be used medically since at least 1820.<ref name="Or2012" /> Sam of de earliest uses dem include cures give [[syphilis]],<ref name="Or2012" /> [[Lead poisoning|lead]] den mercury poisoning. == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/en/Iodine_Prophylaxis_guide.pdf World Health Organization's guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following a nuclear accident] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Potassium Iodide}} [[Category:Potassium compounds]] [[Category:Alkali metal iodides]] [[Category:Disaster preparedness]] [[Category:Expectorants]] [[Category:Iodides]] [[Category:Food additives]] [[Category:Metal halides]] [[Category:Over-the-counter drugs insyd de United States]] [[Category:Photographic chemicals]] [[Category:Radiobiology]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[Category:Rock salt crystal structure]] [[Category:Ophthalmology drugs]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] q5yab2ysfkpmvszxpq5rwpvlmxuyjun 14 26824 97952 2026-05-11T19:08:13Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97952 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26825 97953 2026-05-11T19:08:29Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97953 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26826 97954 2026-05-11T19:08:42Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97954 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26827 97955 2026-05-11T19:09:49Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97955 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26828 97956 2026-05-11T19:10:05Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97956 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26829 97957 2026-05-11T19:10:23Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97957 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26830 97958 2026-05-11T19:10:56Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97958 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26831 97959 2026-05-11T19:13:15Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97959 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26832 97960 2026-05-11T19:13:34Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97960 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26833 97966 2026-05-11T23:26:00Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97966 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26834 97967 2026-05-11T23:26:11Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97967 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26835 97968 2026-05-11T23:26:25Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97968 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26836 97969 2026-05-11T23:26:38Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97969 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26837 97970 2026-05-11T23:26:51Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97970 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 26838 97971 2026-05-11T23:30:40Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 97971 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 26839 97972 2026-05-11T23:42:03Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456972|Autonomic dysfunction]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97972 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97974 97972 2026-05-11T23:57:47Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dysautonomia''', '''autonomic failure''', anaa '''autonomic dysfunction''' be a condition insyd wich de autonomic nervous system (ANS) no dey work properly. Dis condition fi affect de functioning of de [[heart]], bladder, intestines, sweat glands, pupils, den blood vessels. Dysautonomia get chaw causes, no be all of wich fi be classified as neuropathic.<ref name="nih2">{{Cite web |title=Dysautonomia |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dysautonomia/dysautonomia.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202234006/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dysautonomia/dysautonomia.htm |archive-date=2016-12-02 |access-date=2012-04-03 |publisher=NINDS}}</ref> A number of conditions fi feature dysautonomia, such as [[Parkinson's disease]], Long COVID, multiple system atrophy, [[dementia with Lewy bodies]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Castori |first=Marco |last2=Voermans |first2=Nicol C. |date=2014-10-06 |title=Neurological manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome(s): A review |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25632331 |journal=Iranian Journal of Neurology |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=190–208 |issn=2008-384X |pmc=4300794 |pmid=25632331}}</ref> [[Ehlers–Danlos syndromes]],<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Castori M, Voermans NC |date=October 2014 |title=Neurological manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome(s): A review |journal=Iranian Journal of Neurology |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=190–208 |pmc=4300794 |pmid=25632331}}</ref> autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy den autonomic neuropathy,<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Imamura M, Mukaino A, Takamatsu K, Tsuboi H, Higuchi O, Nakamura H, Abe S, Ando Y, Matsuo H, Nakamura T, Sumida T, Kawakami A, Nakane S |date=February 2020 |title=Ganglionic Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies and Autonomic Dysfunction in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases |journal=Int J Mol Sci |type=Review |volume=21 |issue=4 |page=1332 |doi=10.3390/ijms21041332 |pmc=7073227 |pmid=32079137 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[HIV/AIDS]],<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=McIntosh RC |date=August 2016 |title=A meta-analysis of HIV and heart rate variability in the era of antiretroviral therapy |journal=Clin Auton Res |type=Review |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=287–94 |doi=10.1007/s10286-016-0366-6 |pmid=27395409 |s2cid=20256879}}</ref> mitochondrial cytopathy,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Kanjwal |first1=Khalil |last2=Karabin |first2=Beverly |last3=Kanjwal |first3=Yousuf |last4=Saeed |first4=Bilal |last5=Grubb |first5=Blair P. |date=October 2010 |title=Autonomic dysfunction presenting as orthostatic intolerance in patients suffering from mitochondrial cytopathy |journal=Clinical Cardiology |volume=33 |issue=10 |pages=626–629 |doi=10.1002/clc.20805 |issn=1932-8737 |pmc=6653231 |pmid=20960537}}</ref> pure autonomic failure, [[autism]], den [[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]].<ref name="pmid386927802">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Peltier AC |date=June 2024 |title=Autonomic Dysfunction from Diagnosis to Treatment |journal=Prim Care |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=359–373 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2024.02.006 |pmid=38692780}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] qrrqzjyq0wdyqppk9frd169ap53v0sj 0 26840 97973 2026-05-11T23:42:55Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458664|Dapagliflozin]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 97973 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 97975 97973 2026-05-12T00:07:47Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dapagliflozin''', dem sell under de brand names '''Farxiga''' (US) den '''Forxiga''' (EU) among odas, be a medication dem use to treat type{{nbsp}}2 diabetes.<ref name="Farxiga FDA label">{{cite web |title=Farxiga- dapagliflozin tablet, film coated |work=DailyMed |publisher=National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services |date=3 February 2020 |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=72ad22ae-efe6-4cd6-a302-98aaee423d69 |access-date=5 May 2020 |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030234119/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=72ad22ae-efe6-4cd6-a302-98aaee423d69 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Forxiga EPAR2">{{cite web |date=7 December 2012 |title=Forxiga EPAR |url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/forxiga |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217204844/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/forxiga |archive-date=17 February 2020 |access-date=17 February 2020 |website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)}} Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.</ref><ref name="EMA_DHPC_notice">{{cite web | title=Forxiga (dapagliflozin) 5mg should no longer be used for the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=11 November 2021 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/dhpc/forxiga-dapagliflozin-5mg-should-no-longer-be-used-treatment-type-1-diabetes-mellitus | access-date=11 November 2021 | archive-date=11 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111194655/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/dhpc/forxiga-dapagliflozin-5mg-should-no-longer-be-used-treatment-type-1-diabetes-mellitus | url-status=live }}</ref> E sanso be used to treat adults plus [[heart failure]] den chronic kidney disease.<ref name="Forxiga EPAR2" /><ref name="FDA_PR_20200505">{{cite press release |title=FDA approves new treatment for a type of heart failure |website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) |date=5 May 2020 |url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-treatment-type-heart-failure |access-date=5 May 2020 |archive-date=6 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506004626/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-treatment-type-heart-failure }} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="NICE_TA697">{{cite web | author = National Institute for Health and Care Excellence | date = 24 February 2021 | title = Dapagliflozin for treating chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. | website = NICE Technology Appraisal Guidance [TA679] | publisher = NICE | url = https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/TA679 | access-date = 9 May 2021 | archive-date = 9 May 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210509061910/https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/TA679 | url-status = live }}</ref> E reversibly dey inhibit sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) insyd de renal proximal convoluted tubule to reduce glucose reabsorption den increase urinary glucose excretion.<ref>{{cite web | title=BNF: Dapagliflozin| publisher=NICE |access-date=2 February 2024| url=https://bnf.nice.org.uk/drugs/dapagliflozin/}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] kso8iy8h373rj8ec4q5stx08sa4zi80 97976 97975 2026-05-12T00:10:24Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 97976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dapagliflozin''', dem sell under de brand names '''Farxiga''' (US) den '''Forxiga''' (EU) among odas, be a medication dem use to treat type{{nbsp}}2 diabetes.<ref name="Farxiga FDA label">{{cite web |title=Farxiga- dapagliflozin tablet, film coated |work=DailyMed |publisher=National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services |date=3 February 2020 |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=72ad22ae-efe6-4cd6-a302-98aaee423d69 |access-date=5 May 2020 |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030234119/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=72ad22ae-efe6-4cd6-a302-98aaee423d69 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Forxiga EPAR2">{{cite web |date=7 December 2012 |title=Forxiga EPAR |url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/forxiga |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217204844/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/forxiga |archive-date=17 February 2020 |access-date=17 February 2020 |website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)}} Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.</ref><ref name="EMA_DHPC_notice">{{cite web | title=Forxiga (dapagliflozin) 5mg should no longer be used for the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=11 November 2021 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/dhpc/forxiga-dapagliflozin-5mg-should-no-longer-be-used-treatment-type-1-diabetes-mellitus | access-date=11 November 2021 | archive-date=11 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111194655/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/dhpc/forxiga-dapagliflozin-5mg-should-no-longer-be-used-treatment-type-1-diabetes-mellitus | url-status=live }}</ref> E sanso be used to treat adults plus [[heart failure]] den chronic kidney disease.<ref name="Forxiga EPAR2" /><ref name="FDA_PR_20200505">{{cite press release |title=FDA approves new treatment for a type of heart failure |website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) |date=5 May 2020 |url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-treatment-type-heart-failure |access-date=5 May 2020 |archive-date=6 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506004626/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-treatment-type-heart-failure }}</ref><ref name="NICE_TA697">{{cite web | author = National Institute for Health and Care Excellence | date = 24 February 2021 | title = Dapagliflozin for treating chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. | website = NICE Technology Appraisal Guidance [TA679] | publisher = NICE | url = https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/TA679 | access-date = 9 May 2021 | archive-date = 9 May 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210509061910/https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/TA679 | url-status = live }}</ref> E reversibly dey inhibit sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) insyd de renal proximal convoluted tubule to reduce glucose reabsorption den increase urinary glucose excretion.<ref>{{cite web | title=BNF: Dapagliflozin| publisher=NICE |access-date=2 February 2024| url=https://bnf.nice.org.uk/drugs/dapagliflozin/}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] mzneycfdg3r2x8h19q438s01jukohn2