Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1163 106439 44296 2026-07-08T22:37:17Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q112093154}} '''Achimota Forest Reserve''' be forest wey dey Achimota for Okaikwei North Municipality for [[Greater Accra Region]].<ref>Nartey, Laud (2021-06-13). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220531084457/https://3news.com/mce-vows-to-protect-achimota-forest/ "MCE vows to protect Achimota Forest"]. ''3NEWS.com''. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref><ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2022/05/portions-of-achimota-forest-declassified-to-be-developed-for-other-uses/achimota-forest/ "Achimota Forest"]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 2022-05-17. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref> E dey protection from people wey no get authorization like people wey dem poach, buildings wey dem dey do as house, hunting den shoppin malls from people dem persons.<ref name=":0">[https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61496188 "Ghana govment sell Achimota Forest reserve? - Dis be what we know"]. ''BBC News Pidgin''. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref> E be one of de green area for [[Accra]] as e dey help control carbon emission.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230409212917/https://skyypowerfm.com/achimota-forest-not-sold-jinapor/ "Achimota Forest not sold — Jinapor"]. ''Skyy Power FM''. 2022-05-18. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref> == History == Dem gazette de forest for 1930 insyd wey e get total size of 494.95 hectares. De size as e dey now for de forest reserve be 360 hectares.<ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/nana-benyin-on-the-achimota-forest-reserve-lands-and-related-matters/ "Nana Benyin: On the Achimota Forest Reserve lands and related matters - MyJoyOnline.com"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 2022-05-17. Retrieved 2022-05-25.</ref> Dem establish de forest reserve wey dem establish create green buffer for Accra City de Achimota School. Chao of animals wey dey Accra zoo dem move go de forest reserve as dem build Presidential palace. For now now, e be managed by arboretum den Wildlife Rescue Center. Animals wey e dey der be pythons, camel, ostriches, hyenas, monkeys den odas you go see for de forest reserve insyd.<ref name=":1">Awuni, Manasseh Azure. [https://www.modernghana.com/news/503788/inside-the-achimota-forest-reserve.html "Inside The Achimota Forest Reserve"]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref> == Current == De Forestry Commission for Ghana plan say dem go change de forest reserve go do eco-tourism center, dem go name am "Accra Eco Park'.<ref>Kwofie, Raymond (15 November 2013). [https://allafrica.com/stories/201311150840.html "Ghana: Government Is Developing the Achimota Forest Into a Major Ecotourism Destination"]. ''AllAfrica''. Retrieved 22 May 2022.</ref> As dem go do de eco-park e go have watering points, salt licks, viewing platform, landscaping, veterinary, introduction for wildlife, biodiversity hotspots, camping sites, road network, ecolodges den fencing.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/an-open-letter-to-prez-mahama-stop-the-destruction-of-achimota-forest.html "An open letter to Prez Mahama: Stop the destruction of Achimota Forest"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref> == Benefits == * Dem fi keep animal species den allow animals den birds be dema natural habitats insyd. * Make revenue for tourism top * Promote clean energy for human health den environmental quality. * Promote species as dem no go extinction * E go improve de air, water quality, richer terrestrial den aquatic habitat, cool air temperatures. * E be place reservoir for medicinal plant such as de preservation of plants den herbs wey e get medical benefits. * E go reduce radiation level as den go decrease green house gases.<ref name=":0" /> == Controversy == For May 2022 insyd, den report say some parts for de forest insyd dem declassified as forest reserve meaning say eno be reserve.<ref>Oforiwaa, Porcia (2022-05-17). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135353/https://atinkaonline.com/achimota-forest-loses-status-as-forest-reserve/ "Achimota Forest loses status as forest reserve"]. ''Atinka Online''. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref> Samuel Abu Jinapor deny say de government gazzette an Executive Intrusment (E.I) wey approve de re-designation, en sale or develop de forest reserve.<ref>[https://www.primenewsghana.com/general-news/why-govt-decided-to-declassify-parts-of-the-achimota-forest.html "Why govt decided to declassify parts of the Achimota forest"]. ''Prime News Ghana''. 2022-05-18. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref><ref>[https://thechronicle.com.gh/achimota-forest-not-sold-jinapor/ "Achimota Forest not sold -Jinapor – The Chronicle News Online"]. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref> Some family wey dem bell Owoo Family dey claim say dem be de original owners as dem own de land de forest dey top. De time between 1921 den 1927, de colonial government get am for Achimota School. De statement de family release talk say dem no get any compensation as dem take am for 1927insyd.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135359/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/The-Owoo-family-Know-the-original-owners-of-the-Achimota-Forest-land-1542647 "The Owoo family: Know the original owners of the Achimota Forest land"]. ''GhanaWeb''. 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref> Dem also dey talk say dem no treat dem better koraa dem take de land.<ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/achimota-forest-saga-we-have-suffered-grave-historical-injustice-owoo-family/ "Achimota Forest saga: We have suffered 'grave historical injustice' - Owoo family - MyJoyOnline.com"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 2022-05-19. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref><ref>Nyavor, George (2022-05-19). [https://yen.com.gh/ghana/207400-achimota-forest-owoo-family-react-deny-land-was-released-to-them-in-2016/ ""We are yet to take possession of any Achimota land" - Owoo Family react"]. ''Yen.com.gh - Ghana news''. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref><ref>Emmanuel, Kojo (2022-05-20). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220520095947/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/achimota-forest-lets-ban-the-return-of-state-lands-to-original-owners-ablakwa/sgnfb20 "Achimota Forest: Let's ban the return of state lands to original owners — Ablakwa"]. ''Pulse Ghana''. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Pages with maps]] [[Category:Forests for Ghana insyd]] [[Category:Ghana]] [[Category:Forest reserves of Ghana]] 5ejwflm66isu2ntgmhic2d35hejsgs0 0 1592 106448 39989 2026-07-09T11:38:47Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q84558005}} '''Ibrahim Danlad''' (dem born am 2 December 2002) be [[Ghanaian]] footballer wey dey play as goalkeeper for Asante Kotoko for de Ghana Premier League insyd de [[Ghana national football team|Ghana national team (Black Star)]]. == Ein club career == Dem born Danlad for [[Accra]] wey he join Asante Kotoko for 16–17 season.<ref>[https://www.goal.com/en-gh/player/ibrahim-danlad/e764x78r4n8xqjhq1r0v76elm "Ibrahim Danlad"]. goal.com. Retrieved 7 February 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/ibrahim-danlad/ "Ibrahim Danlad"].</ref> For December 2019 insyd, Danlad join Ghana Premier League club Berekum Chelsea for de rest of de 2019–20 season.<ref>[https://ghanasoccernet.com/official-berekum-chelsea-sign-goalkeeper-ibrahim-danlad-on-loan-from-kotoko "OFFICIAL: Berekum Chelsea sign goalkeeper Ibrahim Danlad on loan from Kotoko"]. ghanasoccernet.com. 21 December 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/kotoko-goalkeeper-danlad-ibrahim-joins-berekum-chelsea-on-loan/ "Kotoko goalkeeper Danlad Ibrahim joins Berekum Chelsea on loan"]. myjoyonline.com. Retrieved 7 February 2020.</ref> == Ein international career == Danlad play give Ghana for all levels. He rep de under-17 nation's team come de senior national team (Black Stars) level.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200207110557/https://kasapafmonline.com/2019/01/u-20-afcon-ghana-submit-final-21-man-squad/ "U- 20 AFCON: Ghana submit final 21-man squad"]. kasapafmonline.com. Archived from [https://kasapafmonline.com/2019/01/u-20-afcon-ghana-submit-final-21-man-squad/ the original] on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Ghana-U-20-goalkeeper-Ibrahim-Danlad-eyes-gold-at-All-Africa-games-772306 "Ghana U-20 goalkeeper Ibrahim Danlad eyes gold at All Africa games"]. ghanaweb.com. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</ref><ref>[https://footballghana.com/2019-africa-games-goalkeeper-ibrahim-dan-lad-targets-winning-gold-with-ghana-u-20 "2019 Africa games: Goalkeeper Ibrahim Danlad targets winning gold with Ghana u-20"]. footballghana.com. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</ref><ref>[https://ghanasportsonline.com/2019/10/kotoko-confirm-ghana-u23-call-up-for-goalkeepers-kwame-baah-and-danlad-ibrahim/ "Kotoko confirm Ghana U23 call up for goalkeepers Kwame Baah and Danlad Ibrahim — Ghana Sports Online"]. 11 October 2019.</ref> For 2017 insyd, na he be de first choice goalkeeper give de Ghana squad wey go participate for de 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup for India insyd,<ref>[https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/10/five-things-to-know-ghana-u17s "Five Things to Know: Ghana U-17s"]. ussoccer.com. Retrieved 7 February 2020.</ref><ref>[https://scores24.live/en/soccer/p-danlad-ibrahim "Danlad Ibrahim - Goalkeeper of Asante Kotoko"].</ref><ref>[https://www.sofascore.com/id/pemain/ibrahim-danlad/1005389 "Ibrahim Danlad Asante Kotoko SC video, transfer geçmişi ve istatistik - SofaScore"].</ref><ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Meet-Ghana-s-Ibrahim-Danlad-the-youngest-player-at-the-U-17-World-Cup-592301 "Meet Ghana's Ibrahim Danlad, the youngest player at the U-17 World Cup"]. 19 October 2017.</ref> wey he play all de matches. == Ein honors == '''Asante Kotoko''' * Ghana Premier League: 2021–22<ref>[https://ghanasoccernet.com/asante-kotoko-crowned-ghana-premier-league-champions-for-record-25th-time "Asante Kotoko crowned Ghana Premier League champions for record 24th time"]. ''GhanaSoccernet''. 12 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.</ref> '''Ghana U20''' * Africa U-20 Cup of Nations: 2021<ref>[https://ghanasoccernet.com/live-updates-ghana-vs-uganda-caf-u20-afcon-final "Live Updates: Ghana wins fourth U-20 AFCON title after beating Uganda"]. ''GhanaSoccernet''. 6 March 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.</ref> * WAFU Zone B U-20 Tournament: 2020<ref>Football, CAF-Confedération Africaine du. [https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/wafu-b-u-20-ghana-crowned-champions-by-beating-burkina-faso "Ghana stage remarkable fightback to win WAFU B U-20 Championship"]. ''CAFOnline.com''. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</ref> '''Individual''' * Golden Glove WAFU Zone B U-20 Tournament: 2020<ref>Yeboah, Thomas Freeman (22 December 2020). [https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/wafu-u-20-cup-ghanaian-trio-named-in-team-of-the-tournament/eqf4wbr "WAFU U-20 Cup: Ghanaian trio named in team of the tournament"]. ''Pulse Ghana''. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</ref> * Golden Glove Africa U-20 Cup of Nations: 2021<ref>Football, CAF-Confedération Africaine du. [https://www.cafonline.com/total-u20-africa-cup-of-nations/2021/news/ghana-s-fatawu-named-total-u20-afcon-player-of-the-tournament "Ghana's Fatawu named Total U20 AFCON player of the tournament"]. ''CAFOnline.com''. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</ref> * IFFHS CAF Youth Team for de Year: 2020<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210525175000/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/994 "CAF Youth Team of the Year (U20) 2020 by IFFHS"]. ''IFFHS''. 13 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021.</ref> * Ghana Football Awards Goalkeeper for de year: 2021<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20221221142543/https://www.kickgh.com/africa-football/13882-2021-ghana-football-awards-danlad-ibrahim-wins-best-goalkeeper-of-the-year "2021 Ghana Football Awards: Danlad Ibrahim wins best Goalkeeper of the Year - Kickgh.com"]. ''www.kickgh.com''. Archived from [https://www.kickgh.com/africa-football/13882-2021-ghana-football-awards-danlad-ibrahim-wins-best-goalkeeper-of-the-year the original] on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.</ref> == References == [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Footballers]] [[Category:Ghanaian footballers]] [[Category:Ghanaian sportspeople]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriate footballers]] [[Category:Men's association football goalkeepers]] [[Category:2002 births]] [[Category:Ghana Premier League players]] [[Category:Asante Kotoko S.C. players]] [[Category:Berekum Chelsea F.C. players]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Accra]] [[Category:Ghana men's youth international footballers]] [[Category:Ghana men's under-20 international footballers]] [[Category:21st-century Ghanaian people]] [[Category:2022 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2022 African Nations Championship players]] <references /> == External links == * [https://int.soccerway.com/players/ibrahim-danlad/513945/ Ibrahim Danlad] at Soccerway 2hy95rw00xohuzmlrz7om90bwsac1kk 0 3035 106441 80417 2026-07-09T08:41:28Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q5519561}} '''Gamal Gorkeh Nkrumah''' (dem born am 1959) be Ghanaian journalist, Pan-Africanist den editor of ''Al Ahram Weekly'' newspaper. He be de eldest son of de first presido of Ghana, [[Kwame Nkrumah]],<ref name=":0">Ceesay, Fabakary B. (1 October 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721031919/http://www.foroyaa.gm/modules/news/article.php?storyid=576&keywords=Gamal%2BNkrumah "Nkrumah's Children to Continue Father's Legacy"]. Foroyaa online. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721031919/http://www.foroyaa.gm/modules/news/article.php?storyid=576&keywords=Gamal%2BNkrumah the original] on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2010.</ref> den ein Egyptian wifey [[Fathia Nkrumah]]. Gamal Nkrumah receive ein doctorate insyd political science from de School of Oriental and African Studies insyd London. He initially job as political journalist for ''Al-Ahram Weekly'' insyd Cairo<ref name=":0" /> for over 15 years. Presently, he be de editor of de international affairs section for de newspaper. == References == [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Egyptian journalists]] [[Category:Ghanaian people of Coptic descent]] [[Category:Ghanaian people of Egyptian descent]] [[Category:1959 births]] <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230421075202/https://panafricanperspective.com/panafricanculcentre/cultural.html The Kwame Nkrumah Pan-African Cultural Centre] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708140735/http://www.chatafrikarticles.com/authors/57/Gamal-Gorkeh-Nkrumah-Ph.D ChatAfrik Inc.] * [http://www.nkrumah.net/lit-review/litrvw6-primarysrc-80.html Information source on aspects of Kwame Nkrumah's life and works] [[Category:Ghanaians]] [[Category:Ghanaian journalists]] [[Category:Alumni of SOAS University of London]] [[Category:Writers wey komot Accra]] [[Category:Presido dema kiddies]] [[Category:21st-century journalists]] i0jd9om2aqz9siedtijyc7tm3fx4esr 0 5585 106440 77605 2026-07-09T07:54:23Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun''' (FUPRE) insyd Delta State, [[Nigeria]] wey na de Federal Executive Council establish den approve am during meeting of 14 March 2007 wey e admit ein first set of undergraduates insyd 2008.<ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/just-in-petroleum-university-effuru-delta-state-names-new-registrar-bursar/ "Just in: Petroleum University, Effuru, Delta State names new registrar, bursar"]. ''Vanguard News''. 2021-01-30. Retrieved 2021-09-14.</ref> Dem establish de varsity under de Federal Government of Nigeria<ref>[https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/Nigeria_Government.html "Nigeria Government Information :: Federal Government of Nigeria"]. ''www.nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2022-03-11.</ref> initiative, make dem build specialized varsity insyd de Niger Delta make e produce middle den higher level manpower den expertise give de oil den gas sector.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210603182823/https://amp.ww.en.freejournal.org/17118362/1/federal-university-of-petroleum-resources-effurun.html "Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun. The Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun in Delta State, Nigeria was established and approved by"]. ''ww.en.freejournal.org''. Retrieved 2021-06-03.</ref><ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/petroleum-university-names-new-registrar-bursar/ "Petroleum University names new registrar, bursar"]. ''Vanguard News''. 2021-01-30. Retrieved 2021-09-16.</ref> De National Universities Commission<ref>[https://www.nuc.edu.ng/ "National Universities Commission"]. Retrieved 2022-03-11.</ref> (NUC) approve make dem dey share facilities between de Petroleum Training Institute (PTI), Effurun den Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun til e move to ein permanent site for development of ein main campus at Ugbomro, Uvwie Local Government Area Delta State,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/nigeria-admin.php "Nigeria: Administrative Division (States and Local Government Areas) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map"]. ''www.citypopulation.de''. Retrieved 2022-03-11.</ref> for 2010 insyd.<ref>[https://allnews.ng/news/first-nigeria-petroleum-varsity-to-unveil-refinery-built-with-local-materials-vc?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=pmd_uXywVKkhuyc2ETbfKXHfi9jLkX5GlkHQ2u.5y0S_5H4-1631607569-0-gqNtZGzNAyWjcnBszQgR "First Nigeria Petroleum Varsity To Unveil Refinery..."] ''allnews.ng''. Retrieved 2021-09-14.</ref> FUPRE, Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun be de first petroleum university insyd [[Africa]] den sixth insyd de world.<ref>Okogba, Emmanuel (2017-03-04). [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/agonies-of-fupre-africas-1st-petroleum-varsity-10/ "Agonies of FUPRE, Africa's 1st petroleum varsity @ 10"]. ''Vanguard News''. Retrieved 2022-08-30.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://fupre.edu.ng/s/ "Federal University of Petroleum Resources"]. ''fupre.edu.ng''. Retrieved 2019-05-29.</ref> == Administrative structure == De administrative structure of de varsity dey consist of:<ref name=":0" /> * Chancellor * Pro chancellor * Vice Chancellor * Principal Officers of de varsity * Members of de Governing Council == Centres den administrative departments/units == De centres den administrative departments of de varsity dey consist of:<ref>Effurun, Orobor A.I - Federal University of Petroleum Resources. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190529164057/https://fupre.edu.ng/s/?fupre=all_units "Federal University of Petroleum Resources"]. ''www.fupre.edu.ng''. Retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> === Administrative departments/units === # Information den Communication Technology # Counselling Centre # Academic Planning Unit === Centres === # Centre for Maritime den Offshore Studies # Centre for Safety Education # Centre for Research Innovation == Colleges == De institution presently get two colleges<ref>[https://newsedung.com/fupre-courses-offered/ "FUPRE Courses Offered and Requirements (Federal University of Petroleum Resources)"]. ''NEWSEDUNG''. 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2022-04-26.</ref> plus eighteen departments.<ref>Effurun, Orobor A.I - Federal University of Petroleum Resources. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181028151645/https://www.fupre.edu.ng/s/?fupre=dept&name=Centre+for+Maritime+and+Offshore+Studies "Federal University of Petroleum Resources"]. ''www.fupre.edu.ng''. Archived from [https://www.fupre.edu.ng/s/?fupre=dept&name=Centre+for+Maritime+and+Offshore+Studies the original] on 28 October 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> De colleges be: # College of Science # College of Technology De College of Science den College of Technology start dey run ein courses for ein academic session.<ref>Effurun, Orobor A.I - Federal University of Petroleum Resources. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191004020329/https://www.fupre.edu.ng/s/ "Federal University of Petroleum Resources"]. ''www.fupre.edu.ng''. Retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> === Colleges, Departments den Courses === De Federal University Of Petroleum Resources, dey consist of two colleges wich be College of Science den College of Technology. Dem sub divide dese Colleges into 18 departments.<ref>[https://o3schools.com/list-of-courses-offered-in-fupre/ "Updated List Of Courses Offered In FUPRE for JAMB 2021, Cut Off"]. ''O3schools''. 2021-06-18. Retrieved 2021-09-08.</ref> Below be list of departments insyd FUPRE '''College Of Science'''<ref>[http://o3schools.com/list-of-courses-offered-in-fupre/ "Updated List Of Courses Offered In FUPRE for JAMB 2021, Cut Off"]. ''O3schools''. 2021-02-22. Retrieved 2021-06-03.</ref> * Computer Science * Chemistry * Industrial Chemistry * Physics * Geology * Geophysics * Mathematics * Science Laboratory Technology * Statistics * Environmental Management den Toxicology '''College Of Technology''' * Petroleum Engineering * Marine Engineering * Electrical/Electronics Engineering * Chemical Engineering * Mechanical Engineering * Petrochemical Engineering * Petroleum den Natural Gas Engineering * ineering * Civil Engineering * Computer Engineering == Programmes == De institution presently get three educational programmes:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210622100225/https://site.fupre.edu.ng/?fupre=online_application "Federal University of Petroleum Resources"]. ''site.fupre.edu.ng''. Retrieved 2021-06-03.</ref> * College of Basic studies den Foundation Programme * Centre for Safety Education * Centre for Maritime den Offshore studies == Awards den Recognitions == De varsity receive chaw recognitions. Sam of dem include * NUGA Games 2011 Best University for de game of Chess insyd * Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) Best Engineering Department Award insyd 2015. * SPE Young Member Outstanding Services Award, Africa Regional, August, 2016 * SPE International Young Member Outstanding Services Award, 2017 * 5th Best Petroleum University for de world insyd, 2016 * Most Fuel Efficient Urban Concept Gasoline Vehicle Prize for de 2nd Africa Shell Eco-marathon Competition, 2015. * Most Innovative Design Award Vehicle Prize for de 2nd Africa Shell Eco-marathon Competition 2015. == Library == University Library begin for September 6th, 2010 plus de assumption of duty by Principal Librarian, Mr. Mathew I. Okoh. De library cam turn operational insyd October 2011 after de recruitment of staff. For de time de library cam open to users, e get de titles wey dey follow for stock insyd: books- 3000, journals- 85 den offline database of over 2000 electronic journal articles insyd Oil den Gas, General sciences, Engineering, ICT den Earth Science. De library dey serve ein constituents Colleges of Science den College of Technology. Der sanso be e-library plus functional Internet facilities wey dey provide access to varieties of educational materials. De first University Librarian, Prof. Esharenana E. Adomi, assume office insyd May, 2015.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20240525053707/https://aulnu.org.ng/membership/profile-of-nigerian-university-libraries/ "Profile of Nigerian University Libraries – Association of University Librarians of Nigerian Universities (AULNU)"]. Retrieved 2024-05-25.</ref> '''College Libraries''' * College of Science Library * College of Technology Library '''Library Services''' Loan Reference e-library User education Referral Bindery Reprography Current Awareness Services(CAS)<ref name=":1" /> == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106220951/http://www.nucnigeria.info/ National Universities Commission of Nigeria] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240611075647/https://fupre.edu.ng/ Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun] [[Category:Federal universities of Nigeria]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 2007]] [[Category:2007 establishments insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:Petroleum engineering schools]] [[Category:Technological universities insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:Petroleum insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 2007]] [[Category:Education insyd Delta State]] ix1evf5ufgkjfqv5q1il0sq83qsv4au 0 8038 106438 82689 2026-07-08T21:59:20Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''2018 Winter Paralympics''' (Korean: 2018년 동계 패럴림픽; RR: ''2018nyeon Donggye Paereollimpik''), de 12th Paralympic Winter Games, dem sanso know am more generally as de '''PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games''', na ebe international multi-sport event give athletes plus disabilities govern by de International Paralympic Committee (IPC), wey na dem hold am insyd Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 18 March 2018. Na dem be de second Paralympics make dem hold insyd South Korea, dey follow de 1988 Summer Paralympics insyd Seoul. 569 athletes represent record 49 National Paralympic Committees participate insyd dese Games, wey dey include 3 newcomers Georgia, North Korea den Tajikistan. Dey following ein debut as disciplines under de Alpine programme insyd Sochi, na dem expand snowboarding into separate sport plus 8 additional events. == Host selection == As part of formal agreement between de International Paralympic Committee den de International Olympic Committee dem first establish insyd 2001,<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/disability-sport/18143145 "Paralympics 2012: London to host 'first truly global Games'"]. ''BBC Sport''. Retrieved 1 August 2012.</ref> na de winner of de bid for de 2018 Winter Olympics sanso be de host of de 2018 Winter Paralympics. Na dem elect Pyeongchang as host during de 123rd IOC Session insyd Durban insyd 2011, wey earn am de required majority of at least 48 votes insyd de first round of voting.<ref>Longman, Jeré; Sang-hun, Choe (6 July 2011). [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/07/sports/2018-winter-olympics-go-to-south-korea.html "2018 Winter Games to Be Held in Pyeongchang, South Korea"]. ''The New York Times''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170409200444/http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/breaking/chi-vote-for-2018-winter-games-over-in-one-round-20110706-story.html Archived] from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.</ref><ref>Hersh, Philip (6 July 2011). [http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/breaking/chi-vote-for-2018-winter-games-over-in-one-round-20110706-story.html "Pyeongchang wins 2018 Winter Olympics"]. ''Chicago Tribune''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170409200444/http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/breaking/chi-vote-for-2018-winter-games-over-in-one-round-20110706-story.html Archived] from the original on 9 April 2017.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |2018 Winter Olympics bidding results |- !City !Nation !Votes |- |'''Pyeongchang''' |'''South Korea''' | align="center" |'''63''' |- |Munich |Germany | align="center" |25 |- |Annecy |France | align="center" |7 |} == Opening ceremony == [[File:Pyeongchang_Olympic_Stadium_at_day_for_2018_Winter_Paralympics_opening_ceremony_-_6.jpg|right|thumb|220x220px|Opening ceremony for Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium]] Na dem hold de opening ceremony for 9 March 2018 for Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium, wich na dem build specifically give de Winter Games.<ref>Horwitz, Josh (25 January 2018). [https://qz.com/1188832/south-koreas-100-million-winter-olympics-stadium-will-be-used-exactly-four-times/ "South Korea's $100 million Winter Olympics stadium will be used exactly four times"]. ''Quartz''. Retrieved 9 March 2018.</ref> == Sports == Dem dey hold competitions insyd de 2018 Winter Paralympics insyd six Winter Paralympic sports, plus 80 medal events for total. Na dem expand Snowboarding into separate discipline for 2018, plus 10 medal events (insyd 2014, na dem hold two medal events insyd snowboarding within de alpine skiing programme). * [[File:Alpine skiing (paralympics) pictogram.svg|20x20px]]Alpine skiing <small>(30)</small> * [[File:Biathlon_-_Paralympic_pictogram.svg|20x20px]]Biathlon <small>(18)</small> * [[File:Cross-country_skiing_-_Paralympic_pictogram.svg|20x20px]] Cross-country skiing <small>(20)</small> * [[File:Ice_sledge_hockey_-_Paralympic_pictogram.svg|20x20px]]Para ice hockey <small>(1)</small> * [[File:Snowboarding (paralympics) pictogram.svg|20x20px]]Snowboarding <small>(10)</small> * [[File:Wheelchair curling pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20x20px]]Wheelchair curling <small>(1)</small> == Calendar == Insyd de calendar wey dey follow for de 2018 Winter Paralympics, each blue box dey represent event competition. De yellow boxes dey represent days during wich dem hold medal-awarding finals give a sport. De number insyd each yellow box dey represent de number of finals wey dem contest for dat day.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180209194037/https://www.cosport.com/paralympics/tickets.aspx "CoSport – Paralympic Event Tickets"]. ''cosport.com''. Archived from [https://www.cosport.com/paralympics/tickets.aspx the original] on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto;font-size:90%;" |- | bgcolor="#00cc33" |&nbsp;●&nbsp;||Opening ceremony|| bgcolor="#3399ff" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;||Event competitions|| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;||Event finals|| bgcolor="#ee3333" |&nbsp;●&nbsp;||Closing ceremony |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto;font-size:90%;" |- !March!!&nbsp;Fri<br />9th!!Sat<br />10th!!Sun<br />11th!!Mon<br />12th!!Tue<br />13th!!Wed<br />14th!!Thu<br />15th!!Fri<br />16th!!Sat<br />17th!!Sun<br />18th!!Gold<br />Medals |- align="center" |style="text-align:left;" | Ceremonies || bgcolor="#00cc33" |OC|| || || || || || || || ||bgcolor="#ee3333" |CC ||— |- align="center" |style="text-align:left;" |Alpine skiing <!--9th-->| <!--10th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |6 <!--11th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |6 <!--12th-->| <!--13th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |6 <!--14th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |6 <!--15th-->| <!--16th-->| <!--17th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |3 <!--18th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |3 <!--Gold medals-->| 30 |- align="center" |style="text-align:left;" |Biathlon <!--9th-->| <!--10th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |6 <!--11th-->| <!--12th-->| <!--13th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |6 <!--14th-->| <!--15th-->| <!--16th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |6 <!--17th-->| <!--18th-->| <!--Gold medals-->| 18 |- align="center" |style="text-align:left;" |Cross-country skiing <!--9th-->| <!--10th-->| <!--11th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |2 <!--12th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |4 <!--13th-->| <!--14th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |6 <!--15th-->| <!--16th-->| <!--17th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |6 <!--18th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |2 <!--Gold medals-->| 20 |- align="center" |style="text-align:left;" |Para ice hockey <!--9th-->| <!--10th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--11th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--12th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--13th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--14th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--15th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--16th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--17th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--18th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |1 <!--Gold medals-->| 1 |- align="center" |style="text-align:left;" |Snowboarding <!--9th-->| <!--10th-->| <!--11th-->| <!--12th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |5 <!--13th-->| <!--14th-->| <!--15th-->| <!--16th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |5 <!--17th-->| <!--18th-->| <!--Gold medals-->| 10 |- align="center" |style="text-align:left;" |Wheelchair curling <!--9th-->| <!--10th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--11th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--12th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--13th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--14th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--15th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--16th-->| bgcolor="#3399ff" |● <!--17th-->| bgcolor="#ffcc00" |1 <!--18th-->| <!--Gold medals-->| 1 |- align="center" !'''Total'''||0||12 ||8 ||9 ||12 ||12 ||0 ||11 ||10 ||6||80 |} == National Paralympic Committees wey dey participate == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" !Participating National Paralympic Committees |- | * Andorra (1) * Argentina (2) * Armenia (1) * Australia (12)<ref>[https://www.paralympic.org/news/australia-s-seven-network-show-pyeongchang-2018 "Australia's Seven Network to show PyeongChang 2018"]. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref> * Austria (13) * Belarus (14) * Belgium (2) * Bosnia and Herzegovina (1) * Brazil (3)<ref>[https://globoesporte.globo.com/paralimpiadas/noticia/brasil-tera-tres-atletas-na-paralimpiada-de-inverno-de-pyeongchang-2018.ghtml "Brasil terá três atletas na Paralimpíada de Inverno de PyeongChang 2018"]. Retrieved 28 February 2018.</ref> * Bulgaria (1) * Canada (52)<ref>[http://paralympic.ca/pyeongchang-2018 "PyeongChang 2018"]. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref> * Chile (4) * China (26)<ref>[http://news.cctv.com/2018/03/03/ARTI3wa4xnZwWTUPpbaRIZ5g180303.shtml "平昌冬残奥会中国体育代表团在京成立"]. 中国中央电视台. 3 March 2018.</ref> * Croatia (7) * Czech Republic (21) * Denmark (1)<ref>[https://www.paralympic.org/news/pyeongchang-2018-daniel-wagner-s-winter-games-dream "PyeongChang 2018: Daniel Wagner's Winter Games dream"]. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref> * Finland (13) * France (12)<ref>[https://www.paralympic.org/news/pyeongchang-2018-bochet-carry-french-flag "PyeongChang 2018: Bochet to carry French flag"]. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref> * Georgia (2) * Germany (20)<ref>[https://www.paralympic.org/news/germany-reveal-kit-pyeongchang-2018 "Germany reveal kit for PyeongChang 2018"]. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref> * Great Britain (14)<ref>[https://www.paralympic.org/news/british-alpine-skiers-and-snowboarders-named-pyeongchang-2018 "British alpine skiers and snowboarders named for PyeongChang 2018"]. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref> * Greece (1) * Hungary (2) * Iceland (1) * Iran (5) * Italy (26) * Japan (38) * Kazakhstan (6) * North Korea (2)<ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1060932/north-korea-invited-to-participate-in-first-ever-winter-paralympic-games-at-pyeongchang-2018 "North Korea invited to participate in first-ever Winter Paralympic Games at Pyeongchang 2018"]. 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.</ref> * South Korea (99) '''(host)''' * Mexico (1)<ref>[https://www.paralympic.org/news/pyeongchang-2018-arly-velasquez-ready-surprise "PyeongChang 2018: Arly Velasquez ready to surprise"]. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref> * Mongolia (1) * Netherlands (9) * Neutral Paralympic Athletes (30) * New Zealand (3) * Norway (32) * Poland (9) * Romania (1) * Serbia (1) * Slovakia (11) * Slovenia (1) * Spain (3) * Sweden (24)<ref>Hjelmberg, Henrik. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032223/http://www.paralympics.se/Nyheter/nyheterfranparalympics/SvenskatruppentillParalympicsuttagen/ "Svenska truppen till Paralympics uttagen"]. Sveriges Paralympiska Kommitté. Archived from [http://www.paralympics.se/Nyheter/nyheterfranparalympics/SvenskatruppentillParalympicsuttagen/ the original] on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.</ref> * Switzerland (13) * Tajikistan (1) * Turkey (1) * Ukraine (20) * United States (68) * Uzbekistan (1) |} * Dem suspend Russia currently by de International Paralympic Committee secof de state-sponsored doping program scandal.<ref>[http://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/18647088/with-one-year-2018-winter-games-pyeongchang-russia-status-murky-wake-doping-scandal "With one year until 2018 Winter Games, Russia's status murky"]. 9 February 2017.</ref> However, de IPC allow Russian athletes make dem qualify as neutral participants. Dem field 30 athletes insyd 5 sports, wey dey participate as Neutral Paralympic Athletes (NPA), dey march under de Paralympic flag for de Opening den Closing Ceremonies den de Paralympic anthem dem play insyd any ceremony.<ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1060776/ipc-allow-russian-athletes-to-compete-as-neutrals-at-pyeongchang-2018-but-maintain-suspension "IPC allow Russian athletes to compete as neutrals at Pyeongchang 2018 but maintain suspension"]. Retrieved 9 February 2018.</ref> * Four more nations compete insyd Pyeongchang dan for de previous winter games. Georgia, North Korea den Tajikistan all make dema Winter Paralympics debut,<ref>[http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2018/03/17/0200000000AEN20180317005100315.html "Following the Feb. 9–25 Olympic Games, the 12th Winter Paralympic Games opened March 9 in PyeongChang, some 180 kilometers east of Seoul, along with the sub-host cities of Gangneung and Jeongseon"]. Yonhap News Agency. 18 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.</ref> while Hungary field team after dem no compete isydn 2014. Tajikistan be de country per wey na dem send athlete to dese Games buh no be de 2018 Winter Olympics. * For total, 133 female athletes compete for de event.<ref>Pavitt, Michael (4 March 2022). [https://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1120041/beijing-2022-paralympics-female-athletes "Beijing 2022 to feature record number of female athletes at Winter Paralympics"]. ''InsideTheGames.biz''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220305102733/https://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1120041/beijing-2022-paralympics-female-athletes Archived] from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.</ref> == Venues == === Pyeongchang Mountain cluster === ==== Alpensia ==== Alpensia Resort insyd Daegwallyeong-myeon go be de focus of de 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Paralympics.<ref>[http://www.sportsfeatures.com/olympicsnews/story/47205/pyeongchang-2018-alpensia-resort-and-water-park-complete-and-full-for-summer-season "PyeongChang 2018 Alpensia Resort and water park complete and full for summer season"]. ''sportsfeatures.com''. 30 July 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120312052037/http://www.sportsfeatures.com/olympicsnews/story/47205/pyeongchang-2018-alpensia-resort-and-water-park-complete-and-full-for-summer-season Archived] from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2024.</ref> * Alpensia Resort – biathlon, cross-country skiing * Main Olympic Village – athletes village * Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium – awards den opening den closing ceremonies ==== Standalone venue ==== * Jeongseon Alpine Centre – alpine skiing den snowboarding<ref>[https://www.paralympic.org/news/jeongseon-alpine-centre-host-para-alpine-skiing-and-snowboard-2018 "Jeongseon Alpine Centre to host Para alpine skiing and snowboard in 2018"]. ''paralympic.org''. Retrieved 9 February 2018.</ref> === Gangneung coastal cluster === * Gangneung Curling Centre – wheelchair curling * Gangneung Hockey Centre – para ice hockey == Medals == [edit | edit source] Main article: 2018 Winter Paralympics medal table  *   Host nation (Host nation (South Korea)) {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Rank !Nation !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total |- |1 !United States |13 |15 |8 |36 |- |2 !Neutral Paralympic Athletes |8 |10 |6 |24 |- |3 !Canada |8 |4 |16 |28 |- |4 !France |7 |8 |5 |20 |- |5 !Germany |7 |8 |4 |19 |- |6 !Ukraine |7 |7 |8 |22 |- |7 !Slovakia |6 |4 |1 |11 |- |8 !Belarus |4 |4 |4 |12 |- |9 !Japan |3 |4 |3 |10 |- |10 !Netherlands |3 |3 |1 |7 |- |11 !Switzerland |3 |0 |0 |3 |- |12 !Italy |2 |2 |1 |5 |- |13 !Great Britain |1 |4 |2 |7 |- |14 !Norway |1 |3 |4 |8 |- |15 !Australia |1 |0 |3 |4 |- | rowspan="3" |16 !Finland |1 |0 |2 |3 |- !New Zealand |1 |0 |2 |3 |- !South Korea* |1 |0 |2 |3 |- |19 !Croatia |1 |0 |1 |2 |- | rowspan="2" |20 !China |1 |0 |0 |1 |- !Kazakhstan |1 |0 |0 |1 |- |22 !Austria |0 |2 |5 |7 |- |23 !Spain |0 |1 |1 |2 |- |24 !Sweden |0 |1 |0 |1 |- | rowspan="2" |25 !Belgium |0 |0 |1 |1 |- !Poland |0 |0 |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Totals (26 entries) !80 !80 !81 !241 |} == Medals ==  *   Host nation (Host nation (South Korea)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135928/https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/game-time/results/PWG2018/en/general/medal-standings.htm "Medal Standings"]. ''Pyeongchang 2018 Paralympics''. Archived from [https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/game-time/results/PWG2018/en/general/medal-standings.htm the original] on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.</ref>) {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Rank !Nation !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Total |- |1 !United States |13 |15 |8 |36 |- |2 !Neutral Paralympic Athletes |8 |10 |6 |24 |- |3 !Canada |8 |4 |16 |28 |- |4 !France |7 |8 |5 |20 |- |5 !Germany |7 |8 |4 |19 |- |6 !Ukraine |7 |7 |8 |22 |- |7 !Slovakia |6 |4 |1 |11 |- |8 !Belarus |4 |4 |4 |12 |- |9 !Japan |3 |4 |3 |10 |- |10 !Netherlands |3 |3 |1 |7 |- |11 !Switzerland |3 |0 |0 |3 |- |12 !Italy |2 |2 |1 |5 |- |13 !Great Britain |1 |4 |2 |7 |- |14 !Norway |1 |3 |4 |8 |- |15 !Australia |1 |0 |3 |4 |- | rowspan="3" |16 !Finland |1 |0 |2 |3 |- !New Zealand |1 |0 |2 |3 |- !South Korea* |1 |0 |2 |3 |- |19 !Croatia |1 |0 |1 |2 |- | rowspan="2" |20 !China |1 |0 |0 |1 |- !Kazakhstan |1 |0 |0 |1 |- |22 !Austria |0 |2 |5 |7 |- |23 !Spain |0 |1 |1 |2 |- |24 !Sweden |0 |1 |0 |1 |- | rowspan="2" |25 !Belgium |0 |0 |1 |1 |- !Poland |0 |0 |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Totals (26 entries) !80 !80 !81 !241 |} == Broadcasting == Na dem sell television rights insyd various countries den territories; de IPC partner plus de IOC ein streaming service Olympic Channel for online streaming coverage of dese Paralympics.<ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1062179/international-paralympic-committee-and-olympic-channel-join-forces-to-cover-pyeongchang-2018 "International Paralympic Committee and Olympic Channel join forces to cover Pyeongchang 2018"]. ''Inside the Games''. Retrieved 10 March 2018.</ref> Insyd 2017, de European Broadcasting Union renew ein rights to de Paralympics insyd 25 European countries thru 2020.<ref>[https://www.ebu.ch/news/2018/03/ebu-brings-the-best-of-paralympic-sport-to-over-25-countries-across-europe--pyeongchang-2018-paralympic-games "EBU – EBU brings the best of Paralympic sport to over 25 countries across Europe"]. ''European Broadcasting Union''. 8 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.</ref> Insyd de United States, NBC Sports announce plans make dem air nearly twice as much coverage for linear television as e do insyd Sochi, dey total 250 hours,<ref>[https://nbcsportsgrouppressbox.com/2018/03/07/nbc-sports-groups-coverage-of-the-2018-paralympic-games-by-the-numbers/ "NBC Sports Group's Coverage of the 2018 Paralympic Games "By the Numbers"]". 7 March 2018.</ref> along plus extensive online streaming coverage.<ref>[https://www.si.com/tech-media/2018/03/07/winter-paralympics-2018-nbc-coverage-pyeongchang "How to Watch—And What to Expect From—the Winter Paralympics 2018 on NBC"]. ''Sports Illustrated''. Retrieved 8 March 2018.</ref> Insyd Canada, de CBC announce say e go broadcast over 600 hours of coverage insyd English den French across ein platforms, wey dey include CBC Television, Ici Radio-Canada Télé, den sublicence partners Sportsnet One den AMI-tv.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/sports/paralympics/cbc-coverage-paralympics-1.4566000 "CBC/Radio-Canada offer 600-plus hours of Paralympic coverage"]. ''CBC Sports''. Retrieved 9 March 2018.</ref> Channel 4 return as de Games ein rightsholder insyd de United Kingdom, dey plan over 100 hours of television coverage for Channel 4 den 4seven top.<ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1062206/channel-4-to-broadcast-100-hours-of-paralympics-from-pyeongchang-2018 "Channel 4 to broadcast 100 hours of Paralympics from Pyeongchang 2018"]. ''Inside the Games''. Retrieved 10 March 2018.</ref> == Tickets == Na dem announce ticket prices give de 2018 Winter Paralympics for 8 June 2017 wey tickets for sale for 21 August 2017.<ref name=":0">[https://www.paralympic.org/news/pyeongchang-2018-ticket-prices-announced "PyeongChang 2018 ticket prices announced"]. ''paralympic.org''. Retrieved 8 June 2017.</ref> Prices for sporting event tickets range from ₩10,000 go 50,000 (approx. $8–45 USD). Opening den closing ceremony tickets range from ₩10,000 go ₩140,000 (approx. $8–125 USD).<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180309224636/https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/press-releases/pyeongchang-2018-paralympic-winter-games-ticket-prices-announced "PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games Ticket Prices Announced"]. Archived from [https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/press-releases/pyeongchang-2018-paralympic-winter-games-ticket-prices-announced the original] on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.</ref> As of 19 January, na tickets to de Paralympic Games dem sell be 70% . (155,000 tickets out of total of 223,353 dem allocate).<ref>[http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2017/10/27/0200000000AKR20171027067500007.HTML "평창패럴림픽 티켓 판매율 0.2%…관심 절실"] [PyeongChang Paralympics Ticket Selling Rate 0.2% ... An urgent concern]. Yonhapnews. 27 October 2017.</ref><ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1057300/pyeongchang-2018-unveil-ticket-design-and-open-offline-sales-in-bid-to-encourage-buyers "Pyeongchang 2018 unveil ticket design and open offline sales in bid to encourage buyers"]. 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1059476/pyeongchang-2018-olympic-ticket-sales-rise-to-61-per-cent "Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic ticket sales rise to 61 per cent"]. Retrieved 9 February 2018.</ref> == Marketing == === Emblem === Na dem unveil de emblem give de 2018 Winter Paralympics for 29 October 2013 for de National Museum of Korea. E dey incorporate stylized renditions of de hangul letter ㅊ ''ch'' (as dem sanso use am insyd de Olympic emblem), wich dey symbolize part of de name ''Pyeongchang'' den dey resemble ice crystals. De Paralympic emblem dey feature two of dese letters dem joined togeda, dey symbolize equality den "grand" festival wey dey welcam international athletes den spectators.<ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1016703/pyeonchang-2018-unveils-official-paralympic-emblem "Pyeonchang 2018 unveils official Paralympic emblem"]. 29 October 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.olympic.org/news/pyeongchang-2018-launches-official-emblem "PyeongChang 2018 Launches Official Emblem"]. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 12 August 2016.</ref> === Mascot === Na dem unveil de official mascots of de 2018 Winter Olympics den Paralympics for 2 June 2016. De Paralympic mascot, Bandabi, be Asian black bear wey dey symbolize "strong will and courage".<ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1038038/tiger-and-bear-mascots-unveiled-for-pyeongchang-2018-winter-olympics-and-paralympics "Tiger and bear mascots unveiled for Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics"]. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2018.</ref> === Cultural events === Make dem attract interest from residents den foreign tourists, de Korea Tourism Organization organize ''Snow Festival'', "Hallyu festival", make e serve as cultural programming give de Paralympics. Actors Jang Keun-suk den Lee Dong-wook purchase 2,018 den 1,000 tickets give dema bodies den fans make dem attend meetups for para ice hockey games, while dem sanso organize K-pop concert wey dey feature B1A4 den BtoB.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240824105927/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3045191 "Stars invite fans to join them at Paralympics"]. ''Korea JoongAng Daily''. Retrieved 7 March 2018.</ref><ref>[http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201802221704558449209_2 "Jang Keun-suk and Lee Dong-wook in 'Christmas in March' for Paralympics"]. ''The Korea Herald''. Retrieved 7 March 2018.</ref><ref>[http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/pyeongchang2018/2018/01/12/67/7201000000AEN20180112005900320F.html "Actor Lee Dong-wook named honorary ambassador for PyeongChang Olympics"]. Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 7 March 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20180304000029 <nowiki>"[PyeongChang 2018] S. Korea to hold hallyu festival to boost Paralympics"</nowiki>]. 4 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1062204/festival-celebrating-korean-culture-launched-to-help-promote-winter-paralympic-games "Festival celebrating Korean culture launched to help promote Winter Paralympic Games"]. ''Inside the Games''. Retrieved 7 March 2018.</ref> == Concerns den controversies == === North Korean relations === Prior to de 2018 Winter Olympics, na North Korea agree make e make ein athletes march togeda plus those of de South Korean team during de opening ceremonies, den field unified women's hockey team. However, during meeting insyd Pyeongchang between de leaders of dema National Paralympic Committees, na de two countries be unable make dem organize similar arrangement give de Paralympics. De South Korean Paralympic Committee state say na North Korean officials request say de Liancourt Rocks (wich be de subject of ongoing sovereignty dispute between South Korea den Japan) be included for de Korean Unification Flag during de Paralympics. South Korea decline dis request, as dem consider am ebe contradictory to IPC recommendations against political gestures.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43327934 "'Flag dispute' halts joint Korean march"]. ''BBC News''. 8 March 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.</ref> IPC presido Andrew Parsons express disappointment over de decision, buh he note say de country "respects and values the IPC's vision and mission" wey na dem "committed to working further with the IPC to improve the lives of people with an impairment in North Korea", while he sanso acknowledge say de IOC get "made great progress in opening up dialogue between the two nations" prior to de Olympics, den dat dema meeting "underlines the tremendous ability of sport to bring countries together in positive dialogue."<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/sports/paralympics/north-south-korea-march-separately-paralympics-1.4567231 "North, South Korea to march separately in Paralympics opening ceremony"]. ''CBC Sports''. Retrieved 8 March 2018.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180308135255/https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/paralympics/index Pyeongchang 2018 web site] Media wey relate to [[commons:Category:2018_Winter_Paralympics|2018 Winter Paralympics]] at Wikimedia Commons {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="1" |Precede by [[2014 Winter Paralympics|Sochi]] | rowspan="1" |'''''Winter Paralympics''''' '''Pyeongchang''' ''XII Paralympic Winter Games'' (2018) | rowspan="1" |Succeed by [[2022 Winter Paralympics|Beijing]] |} [[Category:2018 Winter Paralympics]] [[Category:2018 insyd multi-sport events]] [[Category:2018 insyd disability sport]] [[Category:Winter Paralympic Games by year]] [[Category:Sports competitions insyd Gangneung]] [[Category:Sports competitions insyd Pyeongchang County]] [[Category:2018 insyd winter sports]] [[Category:2018 insyd South Korean sport]] [[Category:International sports competitions host by South Korea]] [[Category:Multi-sport events insyd South Korea]] [[Category:March 2018 sports events insyd South Korea]] [[Category:Winter sports competitions insyd South Korea]] c9yuqczwx7mjfb2dpodi4kohny9tg1s 0 14226 106443 96341 2026-07-09T10:15:00Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hanna Serwaa Tetteh''' (born am insyd 31 May 1967)<ref name=":1">[https://citinewsroom.com/2018/07/13/hanna-tetteh-appointed-un-director-general-in-nairobi/ "Hanna Tetteh appointed UN Director-General in Nairobi"]. ''Citi Newsroom''. 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2019.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169 "Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister"]. ''GhanaWeb''. Retrieved 13 April 2019.</ref> be Ghanaian barrister, diplomat den politician<ref name=":0" /> wey dey serve as de UN Secretary General ein Special Representative give [[Libya]] den as Head of de United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) since 2025. Earlier insyd ein career, Tetteh serve insyd de cabinet of [[Ghana]] as Minister for Trade and Industry from 2009 to 2013<ref name=":1" /> den Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2017.<ref>Ayumu, Patrick. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190403120846/https://www.classfmonline.com/1.11939288 "Hanna Tetteh sworn in as D-G, UN, Nairobi"]. ''Class fm online''. Archived from [https://classfmonline.com/1.11939288 the original] on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2019.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180713190227/https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2018/July-13th/hanna-tetteh-gets-top-un-job-in-kenya.php "Hanna Tetteh gets top UN job in Kenya"]. ''MyJoyonline''. Archived from [https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2018/July-13th/hanna-tetteh-gets-top-un-job-in-kenya.php the original] on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2019.</ref> She sana be de Member of Parliament give de Awutu-Senya West constituency.<ref name=":2" /> == Ein early life den education == Dem born Tetteh insyd Szeged, Hungary, to a Ghanaian poppie den Hungarian mommie. Na ein secondary education be for [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Wesley Girls' High School]], [[Cape Coast]], insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central Region]] of Ghana, from 1978 to 1985. Between 1986 den 1989, na she studied law at de [[University of Ghana]], wey she obtain de Bachelor of Law (LL.B) degree.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169# "Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister"]. ''GhanaWeb''. Retrieved 3 April 2019.</ref> She den attend de Ghana School of Law, wey she cam turn a barrister-at-law insyd 1992.<ref name=":3">[https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2018-07-13/ms-hanna-s-tetteh-ghana-director-general-united-nations Ms. Hanna S. Tetteh of Ghana - Director-General of the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON) United Nations], New York, press release, 13 July 2018.</ref> == Ein early career == Na Tetteh do ein National Service as a Legal Officer plus de International Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA) from 1992 to 1993. After she plete ein National Service, she work insyd Private legal practice plus de Law firm Ansa-Asare and Company, of Hencil Chambers insyd [[Accra]], [[Ghana]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190403150643/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/April-4th/tedxlabone-2014-comes-off-tomorrow-read-profile-of-speakers.php "TEDxLabone 2014 comes off tomorrow: Read profile of speakers - MyJoyOnline.com"]. ''MyJoyOnline''. Retrieved 3 April 2019.</ref> After two years of private legal practice, Tetteh join de Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice as a Legal Officer, but later dat same year, she join de Ghana Agro Food Company (GAFCO) as a Legal Adviser; na GAFCO be a food processing company wey produce wheat flour, poultry den animal feed, fish meal den canned tuna. De company sanso market oda food den veterinary products wey na e dey locate insyd de Tema Harbour Area insyd Tema<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110710211446/http://business.everythinghana.com/index.php?option=com_mtree&task=viewlink&link_id=129&Itemid=26 "Ghana Agro Food Company Limited - GAFCO"]. ''Ghana Business Listings''. EverythingGhana.com. Archived from [http://business.everythinghana.com/index.php?option=com_mtree&task=viewlink&link_id=129&Itemid=26 the original] on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2010.</ref> she hold oda management positions insyd de company namely Human Resources and Legal Services Manager den thereafter Deputy General Manager (Finance den Administration Manager) til she go into politics insyd 2000. After she serve a term insyd Parliament, na she no immediately contest give re-election wey she re-join GAFCO as General Manager (Corporate, Administration and Legal) wey she work til December 2009.<ref name=":0" /> == Ein political career == === Career insyd national politics === Na Hanna Tetteh win de Awutu Senya constituency seat insyd de December 2000 parliamentary election<ref name=":0" /> wey she serve give one term as a [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]] Member of Parliament for de opposition benches top. Na she no contest ein seat insyd de next election. Na dem elect am as a National Executive Member of de National Democratic Congress insyd 2005. Insyd 2008 na dem appoint as National Communications Director of de NDC, dey replace [[John Mahama|John Dramani Mahama]], wey na cam be de vice-presidential candidate of de NDC den running mate of [[John Atta Mills]], de party ein presidential candidate.<ref>[https://www.accord.org.za/people/hanna-serwaa-tetteh/ "Hanna Serwaa Tetteh"]. ''ACCORD''. Retrieved 2 September 2024.</ref> For de 2008 presidential campaign, na she play a role insyd dey manage de party ein communication strategy give dat election wey make am a more prominent political figure den she cam turn one of de main spokespersons give de NDC.<ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2018/07/hanna-tetteh-appointed-un-director-general-in-nairobi/ "Hanna Tetteh managed the NDC's communication strategy"]. ''CITI NEWSROOM.'' Retrieved 23 March 2025.</ref> === Minister of Trade and Industry, 2009–2013 === After de NDC victory insyd de 2008 elections, Tetteh cam turn de Spokesperson give de newly elected Government while na de process of making new appointments be ongoing den insyd February 2009, na President John Atta Mills nominate am give de position of Minister of Trade and Industry. Following ein confirmation by Parliament, na she take over de portfolio wey she hold de position of Minister of Trade and Industry from February 2009<ref name=":0" /> to January 2013. During ein tenure as Minister of Trade and Industry, na she sanso be a member of de Government ein economic management team, a member of de board of de Millennium Development Authority responsible give de oversight of de implementation of de first Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact insyd Ghana. She sanso serve on de National Development Planning Commission, wey na she be de Chairperson of de Ghana Free Zones Board (GFZB). === Back to Parliament, 2013–2017 === Wen John Mahama succeed de deceased President Atta Mills insyd 2012, he sanso appoint Tetteh as de Communications Director give ein 2012 election campaign. She sanso decide make she contest give a parliamentary seat once again wey na dem elect am to de newly created Awutu Senya West constituency seat insyd de December 2012 election after she serve as member of parliament give Awutu Senya Constituency from 2001 to 2005.<ref>[http://www.ec.gov.gh/assets/CENTRAL.pdf "Detailed Parliamentary Election Results"] (PDF). ''Election results''. [[Electoral Commission of Ghana]]. Retrieved 31 January 2013.</ref> She win de seat after she get 23,032 votes wey dey represent 55.47% against ein closest contender Oppey Abbey wey sana be a former Member of Parliament give Awutu Senya Constituency wey get 18,487 votes wey dey represent 44.53%.<ref>FM, Peace. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211029065255/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/central/awutu_senya_west/ "Awutu Senya West Constituency Results - Election 2012"]. ''Ghana Elections - Peace FM''. Retrieved 16 December 2020.</ref> She lost de seat to George Andah insyd de 2016 parliamentary election wey get 28,867 votes, 52.27% against ein 25,664 votes wey dey represent 46.87%.<ref>[http://www.ghanamps.com/news-events/details.php?id=5220 "Ghana MPs - News & Events Details - Hannah Tetteh loses seat to George Andah"]. ''www.ghanamps.com''. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</ref><ref>FM, Peace. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241127115328/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/central/awutu_senya_west/ "Awutu Senya West Constituency Results - Election 2016"]. ''Ghana Elections - Peace FM''. Retrieved 16 December 2020.</ref> '''<big>Minister of Foreign Affairs, 2013–2017</big>''' Following de elections, na Tetteh be nominated by Presido Mahama as Minister give Foreign Affairs wey na dem appoint am as such insyd January 2013 after parliamentary approval.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181026222524/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=261871 "Mahama sends first Ministerial appointees to Parliament; Oye Lithur, Ayariga in"]. ''General news''. Ghana Home Page. 11 January 2013. Archived from [http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=261871 the original] on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=263530 "Parliament approves first batch of Ministers"]. ''General news''. Ghana Home Page. 29 January 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2013.</ref> While dey serve as Minister give Foreign Affairs, she sanso be a member of de National Security Council den de Armed Forces Council.<ref name=":3" /> Wen na Presido Mahama cam turn de chairmo of de Authority of ECOWAS Heads of State den Government insyd March 2014, Tetteh cam turn de chairperson of de [[ECOWAS]] Council of Ministers at de same time. After she lef ein office insyd 2017, na Tetteh dey as Richard von Weizsäcker Fellow at Robert Bosch Foundation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190724010939/http://www.robertboschacademy.de/content/language2/html/57115.asp Hanna Tetteh] Robert Bosch Foundation.</ref> From 2017 til 2018, na she serve as a Co-Facilitator insyd de IGAD-led High-Level Forum give de Revitalisation of de Agreement give de resolution of de conflict insyd [[South Sudan]].<ref name=":4">[https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2018-12-10/ms-hanna-serwaa-tetteh-of-ghana-special-representative-the-african-union-and-head-of-the-united-nations-office-the-african-union-%28unoau%29 Ms. Hanna Serwaa Tetteh of Ghana - Special Representative to the African Union and Head of the United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU)] United Nations, press release of 10 December 2018.</ref> <big>'''Career plus de United Nations, 2018–present'''</big> Insyd 2018, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres appoint Tetteh as Director-General of de United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON), she succeed Sahle-Work Zewde.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180713190227/https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2018/July-13th/hanna-tetteh-gets-top-un-job-in-kenya.php "Hanna Tetteh gets top UN job in Kenya"]. Archived from [https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2018/July-13th/hanna-tetteh-gets-top-un-job-in-kenya.php the original] on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.</ref><ref>PrimeNewsGhana. [https://www.primenewsghana.com/general-news/hanna-tetteh-made-un-director-general-in-kenya.html "Hanna Tetteh made UN Director-General in Kenya"]. ''Primenewsghana''. Retrieved 13 July 2018.</ref><ref name=":3" /> Shortly after, she sana succeed Zewde, dis time as Special Representative to de [[African Union]] den Head of de United Nations Office to de African Union (UNOAU).<ref name=":4" /><ref>[https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sga2100.doc.htm "Secretary-General Appoints Hanna Serwaa Tetteh of Ghana Special Envoy for Horn of Africa | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases"]. ''United Nations''. Retrieved 29 March 2022.</ref> Following de resignation of Ghassan Salamé as head of de United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) insyd 2020, Guterres suggest Tetteh as ein successor;<ref>Humeyra Pamuk (11 June 2020), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-usa/u-s-wary-of-egypt-truce-effort-in-libya-wants-former-danish-pm-to-lead-u-n-peace-bid-idUSKBN23I35F U.S. wary of Egypt truce effort in Libya, wants former Danish PM to lead U.N. peace bid] ''Reuters''.</ref><ref>Michelle Nichols (31 July 2020), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-un/u-s-should-not-stand-in-way-of-u-n-chief-naming-new-libya-envoy-germany-says-idUSKCN24V3OP U.S. should not stand in way of U.N. chief naming new Libya envoy, Germany says] ''Reuters''.</ref> instead, na de role go to Ján Kubiš.<ref>[https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2021-01-18/mr-j%C3%A1n-kubi%C5%A1-of-slovakia-special-envoy-libya-and-head-of%C2%A0united-nations-support-mission-libya-%28unsmil%29#:~:text=United%20Nations%20Secretary-General%20Ant%C3%B3nio%20Guterres%20announced%20today%20the,established%20pursuant%20to%20Security%20Council%20resolution%202542%20%282020%29. "Ján Kubiš' new role as the head of the UNSMIL"]. United Nations Support Mission In Libya. ''www.un.org''. Retrieved 23 March 2025.</ref> Insyd 2022, Guterres appoint Tetteh as ein Special Envoy give de Horn of Africa, der by switching positions plus Parfait Onanga-Anyanga.<ref>[https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sga2100.doc.htm Secretary-General Appoints Hanna Serwaa Tetteh of Ghana Special Envoy for Horn of Africa] United Nations, press release of 22 February 2022.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230527095939/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-s-Hanna-Tetteh-appointed-UN-Special-Envoy-for-Horn-of-Africa-1475369 "Ghana's Hanna Tetteh appointed UN Special Envoy for Horn of Africa"]. ''GhanaWeb''. 23 February 2022. Archived from [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-s-Hanna-Tetteh-appointed-UN-Special-Envoy-for-Horn-of-Africa-1475369 the original] on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2022.</ref> Insyd 2025, she succeed Abdoulaye Bathily as de Secretary General ein Special Representative give Libya den as Head of de United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250420042200/https://press.un.org/en/2025/sga2339.doc.htm Secretary-General Appoints Hanna Serwaa Tetteh of Ghana Special Representative for Libya, Head of United Nations Support Mission in Libya] United Nations, press release of 24 January 2025.</ref> == Ein life matter == Tetteh be de sisto of [[Gizella Tetteh Agbotui]], a member of parliament give de Awutu Senya West Constituency wey she sanso serve as member of parliament.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Gizella-cuts-Andah-to-size-to-avenge-sister-Hanna-Tetteh-s-2016-Awutu-Senya-West-defeat-1128893 "Gizella cuts Andah to size to avenge sister Hanna Tetteh's 2016 Awutu Senya West defeat"]. ''ghanaweb''. 8 December 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2020.</ref> == Sanso spy == * [[List of Mills government ministers]] == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q5648740|c=Category:Hannah Tetteh|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=360:minister-for-trade-a-industry&catid=81:ministers&Itemid=228 Profile on Ghana government website] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190724015900/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=360:minister-for-trade-a-industry&catid=81:ministers&Itemid=228 Archived] 24 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Parliament of Ghana |- | rowspan="1" |Precede by Babalami Abu-Sadat | rowspan="1" |'''Member of Parliament for Awutu Senya''' 2001 – 2005 | rowspan="1" |Succeed by Oppey Abbey |- | rowspan="1" |'''New title''' | rowspan="1" |'''Member of Parliament for Awutu Senya West''' 2013 – 2017 | rowspan="1" |Succeed by George Andah |- ! colspan="3" |Political offices |- | rowspan="1" |Precede by Papa Owusu Ankomah | rowspan="1" |'''Minister for Trade and Industry''' 2009 – 2013 | rowspan="1" |Succeed by Haruna Iddrisu |- | rowspan="1" |Precede by Muhammad Mumuni | rowspan="1" |'''Minister for Foreign Affairs''' 30 January 2013 – 7 January 2017 | rowspan="1" |Succeed by [[Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey|Shirley Ayorkor Botchway]] |} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Ghanaians]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:1967 births]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2001–2005]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2013–2017]] [[Category:University of Ghana alumni]] [[Category:Ministers for foreign affairs of Ghana]] [[Category:Trade ministers of Ghana]] [[Category:National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians]] [[Category:Ghanaian people of Hungarian descent]] [[Category:Female foreign ministers]] [[Category:21st-century Ghanaian women politicians]] [[Category:Cabinet ministers of Ghana]] [[Category:Women government ministers of Ghana]] [[Category:Women members for de Parliament of Ghana]] [[Category:Women diplomats for Ghana]] [[Category:People educated at Wesley Girls' Senior High School]] [[Category:Ghana School of Law alumni]] [[Category:20th-century Ghanaian lawyers]] puka0lymivr0ix22wlmedrsfzmf7tlb 0 27910 106437 106365 2026-07-08T21:49:44Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Samtin wey dey occur between July 2011 den mid-2012, a severe drought affect de entire East African region.<ref name="ReliefWeb 10 June 2011">{{cite web |author=OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) |date=10 June 2011 |title=Eastern Africa Drought Humanitarian Report No. 3 |url=http://reliefweb.int/node/419452 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703142101/http://reliefweb.int/node/419452 |archive-date=3 July 2011 |access-date=12 July 2011 |publisher=reliefweb.int}} ></ref> Dem say am to be "de worst for 60 years insyd",<ref name="BBC News 4 July 2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14023160|title=Horn of Africa tested by severe drought|author=Mike Wooldridge|date=4 July 2011|work=BBC News|access-date=12 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713232854/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14023160|archive-date=13 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> de drought cause a severe food crisis across [[Somalia]], [[Djibouti]], [[Ethiopia]] den [[Kenya]] dat threaten de livelihood of 9.5 million pippoe.<ref name="Unsfisobasn">{{cite web |date=6 February 2012 |title=UN: Somali famine is over, but action still needed |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/un-somalian-famine-is-over-but-action-still-needed-347449-Feb2012/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808172557/http://www.thejournal.ie/un-somalian-famine-is-over-but-action-still-needed-347449-Feb2012/ |archive-date=8 August 2012 |access-date=7 August 2012 |publisher=Thejournal.ie}}</ref> Many refugees from southern Somalia flee to neighboring Kenya den Ethiopia, wey crowded, unsanitary conditions togeda plus severe malnutrition lead to a large nomba of deaths.<ref name="Huffington Post 16 July 2011">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/15/somalia-food-crisis_n_899811.html|title=Somalia Food Crisis One of Biggest in Decades: U.S. State Department Official|date=16 July 2011|work=Huffington Post|location=US|access-date=16 July 2011|first=Eline|last=Gordts|archive-date=18 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718063437/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/15/somalia-food-crisis_n_899811.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Oda countries for East Africa insyd, wey dey include [[Sudan]], [[South Sudan]] den parts of [[Uganda]], a food crisis sanso affect am.<ref name="BBC News 4 July 2011" /><ref name="FEWS-Net 24 June 2011">{{cite web |author=OCHA, [[Famine Early Warning Systems Network|FEWS-Net]] |date=24 June 2011 |title=East Africa: Famine warning for southern Somalia |url=http://www.fews.net/docs/Publications/Horn_of_Africa_Drought_2011_06.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921052910/http://www.fews.net/docs/Publications/Horn_of_Africa_Drought_2011_06.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2011 |access-date=14 July 2011 |publisher=FEWS-Net}}</ref><ref name="BBC News 8 July 2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14078074|title=Horn of Africa drought: 'A vision of hell'|author=Ben Brown|date=8 July 2011|work=BBC News|access-date=12 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710113113/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14078074|archive-date=10 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBC News 12 July 2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14118507|title=Horn of Africa drought: Somalia aid supplies boosted|date=12 July 2011|work=BBC News|access-date=12 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712112254/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14118507|archive-date=12 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> According to FAO-Somalia, de food crisis for Somalia insyd primarily affect farmers for de south insyd rada dan de northern pastoralists.<ref name="Mafhscbafro">{{cite web |title=Manufacturing a famine: How Somalia crisis became a fund-raising opportunity |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/How+Somalia+crisis++became+a+fund+raising+opportunity+/-/2558/1246690/-/item/0/-/vkrx97/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808172557/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/How%20Somalia%20crisis%20%20became%20a%20fund%20raising%20opportunity%20/-/2558/1246690/-/item/0/-/vkrx97/-/index.html |archive-date=8 August 2012 |access-date=7 August 2012 |publisher=Theeastafrican.co.ke}}</ref> Human Rights Watch (HRW) consequently note dat most of de displaced persons belong to de agro-pastoral Rahanweyn clan den de agricultural Bantu ethnic minority group.<ref name="Hrwp">{{cite book |url=https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/somalia0214_ForUpload.pdf |title=Human Rights Watch Plan |publisher=Human Rights Watch |page=17 |access-date=23 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911214432/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/somalia0214_ForUpload.pdf |archive-date=11 September 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> For 20 July top, de United Nations officially declare famine for two regions insyd for de southern part of de country insyd (IPC Phase 5), de first time de UN already declare a famine for de region insyd for nearly thirty years insyd.<ref name="Telegraph 20 July">{{cite news|title=UN declares first famine in Africa for three decades as US withholds aid|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/somalia/8648296/UN-declares-first-famine-in-Africa-for-three-decades-as-US-withholds-aid.html|agency=Telegraph|date=20 July 2011|access-date=20 July 2011|location=London|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Mike|last=Pflanz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721030035/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/somalia/8648296/UN-declares-first-famine-in-Africa-for-three-decades-as-US-withholds-aid.html|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CBC 18 July 2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/somalia-on-verge-of-famine-1.1065398|title=Somalia on verge of famine|date=18 July 2011|publisher=CBC News|access-date=18 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720035002/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2011/07/18/un-famine-east-africa.html|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem believe tens of thousands of pippoe to already die for southern Somalia insyd before dem declare famine.<ref name="Telegraph 20 July" /> Dis be mainly a result of Western governments wey dey prevent aid from reaching affected areas for an attempt insyd to weaken de Al-Shabaab militant group, against wey dem engage am.<ref>{{cite magazine|author1=Alex Perry|title=Somalia: A Very Man-Made Disaster|url=https://world.time.com/2011/08/18/somalia-a-very-man-made-disaster/|access-date=8 January 2016|magazine=TIME|date=18 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=A sharp-eyed look at contemporary Africa|url=https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21685433-sharp-eyed-look-contemporary-africa-clear-sighted|access-date=8 January 2016|newspaper=The Economist|date=8 January 2016}}</ref> Although fighting disrupted aid delivery for sam areas insyd, a scaling up of relief operations for mid-November insyd already unexpectedly significantly reduce malnutrition den mortality rates for southern Somalia insyd, wey e prompt de UN to downgrade de humanitarian situation for de Bay, Bakool den Lower Shabele regions insyd from famine to emergency levels.<ref name="Rfrisbwba">{{cite news|title=Famine receding in Somalia but war blocks aid|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFL5E7MI2OJ20111118|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123171933/http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFL5E7MI2OJ20111118|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 November 2011|access-date=21 November 2011|newspaper=Reuters|date=18 November 2011}}</ref> According to de Lutheran World Federation, military activities for de country ein southern conflict zones insyd by early December 2011 already sanso greatly reduce de movement of migrants.<ref name="Nosrddtaar">{{cite web |date=5 December 2011 |title=Number of Somali refugees declining due to aid and rainfall |url=http://www.pcusa.org/news/2011/12/5/number-somali-refugees-declining-due-aid-and-rainf/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911214432/http://www.pcusa.org/news/2011/12/5/number-somali-refugees-declining-due-aid-and-rainf/ |archive-date=11 September 2016 |access-date=7 August 2012 |publisher=Pcusa.org}}</ref> By February 2012, several thousand pippoe sanso begin already dey return to demma homes den farms.<ref name="Kdptc">{{cite news|author=Clar ni Chonghaile in Nairobi|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/22/kenya-denies-plan-to-close-refugee-camp|title=Kenya denies planning to close world's largest Somalia refugee camp at Dadaab|work=Guardian|date=22 February 2012|access-date=7 August 2012|location=London}}</ref> For addition insyd, humanitarian access to rebel-controlled areas already improve den rainfall already surpass expectations, wey e improve de prospects of a good harvest for early 2012 insyd.<ref name="Rfrisbwba" /> By January 2012, de food crisis for southern Somalia insyd dey no longer at emergency levels according to de International Committee of de Red Cross (ICRC).<ref name="Sfcrwtty">{{cite web |author=Source: alertnet // Maria Caspani |title=Somalia food crisis recovery will take two years – ICRC |url=http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/somalia-food-crisis-recovery-will-take-two-years-icrc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808172753/http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/somalia-food-crisis-recovery-will-take-two-years-icrc |archive-date=8 August 2012 |access-date=7 August 2012 |publisher=Trust.org}}</ref> De UN indicate for February 2012 insyd say indirect data from health den relief centers point to improved general conditions from August 2011. De UN sanso announce say de famine for southern Somalia insyd be ova.<ref name="Unsfisiobrr">{{Cite web |title=U.N. Says Famine in Somalia Is Over, but Risks Remain |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/04/world/africa/un-says-famine-in-somalia-is-over-but-risks-remain.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107082519/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/04/world/africa/un-says-famine-in-somalia-is-over-but-risks-remain.html |archive-date=7 November 2016 |access-date=26 February 2017}}</ref> Howeva, FEWS NET indicate say Emergency (IPC Phase 4) levels of food insecurity persist thru March for several areas insyd for account of crop flooding top den ongoing military operations for dem areas insyd, wey restrict humanitarian access, trade den movement.<ref name="FEWSNETFeb">{{cite web |title=FEWS NET – Emergency levels of food insecurity will continue in parts of southern Somalia; grave food security concerns in Sudan and South Sudan |url=http://www.fews.net/docs/Publications/East%20Africa%20Regional%20Brief%202012_02_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314172443/http://www.fews.net/docs/Publications/East%20Africa%20Regional%20Brief%202012_02_final.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=7 August 2012}}</ref> Aid agencies subsequently shift demma emphasis to recovery efforts, wey dey include digging irrigation canals den distributing plant seeds.<ref name="Unsfisiobrr" /> Long-term strategies by national governments for conjunction insyd plus development agencies dem say am to offer de most sustainable results.<ref name="Twdisyihoa">{{cite web |title=The worst drought in 60 years in Horn Africa |url=http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/node/2158 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102172007/http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/node/2158 |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=2 August 2011 |publisher=Africa and Europe in Partnership}}</ref> == Background == [[File:2011_Horn_of_Africa_famine_Oxfam_01.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2011_Horn_of_Africa_famine_Oxfam_01.jpg|right|thumb|Carcasses of sheep den goats amidst a severe drought for Waridaad insyd for de Somaliland region insyd for 2017 insyd]]Weather conditions ova de Pacific, wey dey include an unusually strong La Niña, wey e interrupt seasonal rains give two consecutive seasons. De rains fail for 2011 insyd for Kenya den Ethiopia insyd, den give de previous two years for Somalia insyd.<ref name="ReliefWeb 10 June 2011" /><ref name="SydneyMorningHeraldSept11">[http://www.smh.com.au/world/famine-victims-soar-20110910-1k33e.html Famine victims soar], Sydney Morning Herald, Nairobi, 11 September 2011. " . . . which developed after three successive years of failed rains and accelerated as food prices soared and livestock died . . . "</ref> For many areas insyd, de precipitation rate during de main rainy season from April to June, de primary season, dey less dan 30% of de average of 1995–2010.<ref name="FEWS Net">{{cite web |date=24 June 2011 |title=Eastern Africa: Humanitarian Snapshot |url=http://www.fews.net/docs/Publications/Horn_of_Africa_Drought_2011_06.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921052910/http://www.fews.net/docs/Publications/Horn_of_Africa_Drought_2011_06.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2011 |access-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> De lack of rain lead to crop failure den widespread loss of livestock, as high as 40–60% for sam areas insyd, wey decrease milk production sana dey exacerbate a poor harvest. As a result, cereal prices rise to record levels while livestock prices den wages fell, wey e reduce purchasing power across de region.<ref name="Relief Web 3 August 2011 famine">{{cite web |date=3 August 2011 |title=Famine thresholds surpassed in three new areas of southern Somalia |url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/FSNAU_FEWSNET_020811press%20release_030811_final.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019172016/http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/FSNAU_FEWSNET_020811press%20release_030811_final.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2011 |access-date=4 August 2011 |publisher=Relief Web, UN}}</ref> Dem no sanso expect rains to return until September of de year.<ref name="ReliefWeb 10 June 2011" /> Dem compound de crisis by rebel activity wey dey around southern Somalia from de Al-Shabaab group.<ref name="BBC News 8 July 2011" /> De head of de United States Agency give International Development, Rajiv Shah, state say climate change contribute to de severity of de crisis. "Der dey no question dat hotter den drier growing conditions for sub-Saharan Africa insyd already reduce de resiliency of dem communities."<ref name="Huffington Post 14 July 2011">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/13/famine-in-africa-usaid_n_897644.html|title=East Africa Famine Threatens Regional Stability, USAID Chief Says|author=Joshua Hersh|date=13 July 2011|work=Huffington Post|location=US|access-date=13 July 2011|archive-date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716164906/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/13/famine-in-africa-usaid_n_897644.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For de oda hand top, two experts plus de International Livestock Research Institute suggest dat e be premature to blame climate change give de drought. Indeed, de majority of climate models already predict a long-term increase for rain insyd give dis area.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rowell |first1=David P. |last2=Booth |first2=Ben B. B. |last3=Nicholson |first3=Sharon E. |last4=Good |first4=Peter |date=7 October 2015 |title=Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=28 |issue=24 |pages=9768–9788 |bibcode=2015JCli...28.9768R |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1 |issn=0894-8755 |s2cid=129146135}}</ref> While der dey consensus dat a particularly strong La Niña contribute to de intensity of de drought, dem no establish de relationship between La Niña den climate change well.<ref>{{cite news|title=Eastern Africa: Too soon to blame climate change for drought|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93204|date=12 July 2011|access-date=18 July 2011|archive-date=22 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722175016/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=93204|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem criticize de failure of de international community to heed de early warning system give leading to a worsening of de crisis. De Famine Early Warning Systems Network, wey U.S.A.I.D. finance am, anticipate de crisis as early as August 2010, den by January 2011, de American ambassador to Kenya declare a disaster den bell am give urgent assistance. For 7 June 2011 top, FEWS NET declare dat de crisis be "de most severe food security emergency for de world insyd today, den de current humanitarian response dey inadequate to prevent further deterioration".<ref name="The New York Times 29 November 2011">{{cite news|url=http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/famine-africa-solutions-aid-foreign|title=The Famine Next Time|first=Sausage|last=Loewenberg|work=The New York Times|date=26 November 2011|access-date=13 February 2012}}</ref> De UN later announce for 28 June top say de drought affect 12 million pippoe for de East Africa region insyd den dat sam areas dey for de brink of famine top, plus many wey dem displace am for search of water den food insyd.<ref name="Wdixy">{{cite web |date=28 June 2011 |title=Worst drought in 60 years hits 10 mln in east Africa |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gACog4nDVD8yZ8RDDjs4FQjHII4g |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701190627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gACog4nDVD8yZ8RDDjs4FQjHII4g |archive-date=1 July 2011 |access-date=7 August 2012}}</ref> Oxfam ein humanitarian director Jane Cocking state say "Dis be a preventable disaster den solutions dey possible".<ref name="The Economist 7 July 2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2011/07/07/once-more-unto-the-abyss|title=Once more unto the abyss|newspaper=The Economist|date=7 July 2011|access-date=18 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718000612/http://www.economist.com/node/18929467|archive-date=18 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Suzanne Dvorak, de chief executive of '''Save the Children''', write say "politicians den policymakers for rich countries insyd dey often skeptical about taking preventative action sekof dem dey think aid agencies dey inflate de problem. Dem embarass developing country governments about being seen as unable to feed demma pippoe. [...] dem kiddies dey waste away for a disaster insyd dat we fi—den suppose—already prevent."<ref name="smh">{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/contributors/african-crisis-exposes-failed-logic-of-humanitarian-system-20110717-1hk0u.html|title=African crisis exposes failed logic of humanitarian system|date=18 July 2011|access-date=18 July 2011|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> Soon after, dem declare a famine for parts of southern Somalia insyd. Oxfam sanso charge several European governments of "wilful neglect" ova de crisis.<ref name="Gdundfis">{{cite news|last=Tran|first=Mark|title=UN declares famine in Somalia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/jul/20/un-declares-famine-somalia|access-date=21 July 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|date=20 July 2011|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720232835/http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2011/jul/20/un-declares-famine-somalia|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> E issue a statement wey dey say dat "Dem already see de warning signs give months, den de world already dey slow to act. Dem need much greater long-term investment for food production insyd den basic development to help pippoe cope plus poor rains den dey ensure say dis be de last famine for de region insyd."<ref name="CNN 20 July">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/07/20/somalia.famine/|title=U.N. declares famine in Somalia; makes urgent appeal to save lives|date=20 July 2011|access-date=21 July 2011|work=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721063202/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/07/20/somalia.famine/|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Humanitarian situation == For 20 July 2011 top, de UN declare a famine for de Lower Shabelle den Bakool insyd, two regions of southern Somalia.<ref name="Telegraph 20 July" /> For 3 August top, dem further declare famine for de Balcad den Cadale districts insyd for Middle Shabelle insyd sana de IDP settlements for Mogadishu den Afgooye insyd for response insyd to data from de UN ein food security den nutrition analysis unit.<ref name="Relief Web 3 August 2011 famine" /><ref name="AtlanticWire 20 July 2011">{{cite web |author=Uri Friedman |date=20 July 2011 |title=What It Took for the U.N. to Declare a Famine in Somalia |url=http://www.theatlanticwire.com/global/2011/07/what-it-took-un-declare-famine-somalia/40152/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914184849/http://www.theatlanticwire.com/global/2011/07/what-it-took-un-declare-famine-somalia/40152/ |archive-date=14 September 2011 |access-date=20 July 2011}}</ref> According to de UN, famine go spread to all eight regions of southern Somalia for four to six weeks insyd sekof inadequate humanitarian response wey cause both by ongoing access restrictions den funding gaps.<ref name="Relief Web 3 August 2011 famine" /> De Economist sanso report say widespread famine go soon occur across de entire Horn of Africa, "a situation...wey dem no see give 25 years".<ref name="The Economist 7 July 2011" /> [[File:Horn_of_Africa_lack_of_Rainfall.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Horn_of_Africa_lack_of_Rainfall.jpg|right|thumb|Rainfall levels for de larger East Africa region insyd from 1995 to 2011.]]According to Luca Alivoni, de head of FAO-Somalia, de food crisis for Somalia insyd primarily affect farmers for de south insyd rada dan de northern pastoralists since farmers dey often stay behind for demma land plots top to "protect demmar crops", while herders dey move plus demma livestock to pastureland.<ref name="Mafhscbafro" /> For 20 July 2011 top, staple prices dey at 68% ova de five-year average,<ref name="UN 25 July 2011">[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Full_report_216.pdf Horn of Africa Drought Crisis Factsheet 28 July 2011]. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)</ref> wey dey include increases of up to 240% for southern Somalia insyd, 117% for south-eastern Ethiopia insyd, den 58% for northern Kenya insyd.<ref name="FEWS Net" /><ref name="smh" /> For early July insyd, de UN World Food Programme say dat e expect 10 million pippoe across de Horn of Africa region to need food aid, wey e revise upward an earlier estimate of 6&#x20;million. Later for de month insyd, de UN further update de figure to 12&#x20;million, plus 2.8&#x20;million for southern Somalia insyd alone, wey be de most affected area. For 3 August top, de UN declare famine for three oda regions of southern Somalia insyd, wey e cite worsening conditions den inadequate humanitarian response. Dem expect famine to spread across all regions of de south for de following four to six weeks insyd.<ref name="Relief Web 3 August 2011 famine" /> For 5 Sep top, de UN add de entire Bay region for Somalia insyd to de list of famine-stricken areas.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/06/world/africa/06somalia.html Famine Spreads in Somalia, U.N. Says], New York Times, Jeffrey Gettleman, 5 September 2011.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14785304 Somalia famine: UN warns of 750,000 deaths], BBC, 5 September 2011 Last updated at 13:00 ET.</ref> De UN already conduct several airlifts of supplies for addition insyd to on-the-ground assistance,<ref name="Rhombus">{{cite news|last=Mvunganyi|first=Jackson|title=The UN World Food Program Begins Relief Flights to Somalia|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/the-un-world-food-program-begins-relief-flights-to-somalia072711/158561.html|access-date=27 July 2011|publisher=VOA News|date=27 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917110159/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/The-UN-World-Food-Program-Begins-Relief-Flights-to-Somalia072711.html|archive-date=17 September 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> but a severe lack of funding give international aid wey couple plus security issues already hinder humanitarian response to de crisis for de region insyd.<ref name="Telegraph 20 July" /><ref name="BBC 20 July">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14211905|title=UN to declare famine in parts of drought-hit Somalia|date=20 July 2011|publisher=BBC|access-date=20 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720080542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14211905|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph 20 July b">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/ethiopia/8637978/The-forgotten-people-of-Africas-famine-cry-out-for-aid.html|title=The forgotten people of Africa's famine cry out for aid|date=20 July 2011|work=Telegraph|access-date=20 July 2011|location=London|first=Mike|last=Pflanz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719092817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/ethiopia/8637978/The-forgotten-people-of-Africas-famine-cry-out-for-aid.html|archive-date=19 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> As of September 2011, dem already finance 63 percent of de UN ein appeal give $2.5&#x20;billion (US) for humanitarian assistance insyd.<ref name="SydneyMorningHeraldSept11" /> Dem expect de crisis to worsen for de following months insyd, wey e peak for August den September insyd, plus large-scale assistance needed until at least December 2011.<ref name="FEWS 20 July press release">{{cite web |date=20 July 2011 |title=Expanding famine across southern Somalia |url=http://www.fews.net/docs/Publications/FSNAU_FEWSNET_200711press%20release_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921054319/http://www.fews.net/docs/Publications/FSNAU_FEWSNET_200711press%20release_final.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2011 |access-date=2 August 2011 |publisher=FEWS NET}}</ref> Torrential rains sanso exacerbate de situation for Mogadishu insyd by destroying makeshift homes. Dem consequently lef tens of thousands of southern Somalia ein internally displaced pippoe out for de cold insyd.<ref name="Guardianrain">{{cite news|title=Somali famine victims lose homes as torrential rain hits refugee camps|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/31/somali-famine-victims-rain-camps|access-date=1 August 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=31 July 2011}}</ref> [[File:Oxfam_East_Africa_-_There_Are_No_Weddings.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oxfam_East_Africa_-_There_Are_No_Weddings.jpg|right|thumb|Turkana women for de Turkana District insyd, one of [[Kenya]] ein most drought-affected regions.]]For addition insyd, de Kenyan Red Cross warns of a looming humanitarian crisis for de northwestern Turkana region of Kenya insyd, wey e border [[South Sudan]]. According to officials plus de aid agency, ova three-fourths of de area ein population rydee dey for dire need of food supplies insyd. Malnutrition levels sanso be at demma highest.<ref name="RedCross">{{cite web |author=SawaSawa.com (webmaster@sawasawa.com) |date=25 July 2011 |title=Red Cross warns of catastrophe in Turkana |url=http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=71528 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104173650/http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=71528 |archive-date=4 January 2012 |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=Kbc.co.ke}}</ref> As a consequence, dem shut down schools for de region insyd "sekof der dey no food for de kiddies".<ref name="Kscafthit">{{cite web |date=28 July 2011 |title=Kenya: schools close as famine takes hold in Turkana |url=http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=18686 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019172150/http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=18686 |archive-date=19 October 2011 |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=Indcatholicnews.com}}</ref> About 385,000 kiddies for dem neglected parts of Kenya dey already malnourished, along plus 90,000 pregnant den breast feeding women. Dem estimate a further 3.5&#x20;million pippoe for Kenya insyd to be at risk of malnutrition.<ref name="Nksoboiof">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/now-kenya-stands-on-brink-of-its-own-famine-2328372.html|title=Now Kenya stands on brink of its own famine|work=The Independent|location=London|date=29 July 2011|access-date=7 August 2011|first=Emily|last=Dugan|archive-date=19 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019171915/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/now-kenya-stands-on-brink-of-its-own-famine-2328372.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> For August 2012 insyd, famine reportedly affect an estimated 87,000 pippoe for de Taita-Taveta District of Kenya insyd, a situation dem attribute to a combination of wildlife invasions den drought. Large herds of elephants den monkeys ovarun farms for de district ein lowland den highland areas insyd, respectively, wey dey ruin thousands of acres of crops.<ref name="AA" /> Local residents, about 67,000 of wey dey receive food aid, sanso accuse de Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) of intentionally moving de monkeys to de district. Howeva, de KWS deny am.<ref name="AA">{{cite web |author=Raphael Mwadime |date=30 August 2012 |title=Kenya: Hungry Taita Taveta Residents Now Appeal for Relief Supplies |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208310427.html |publisher=AllAfrica.com}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131217032725/http://www.fao.org/crisis/horn-africa/en/ Crisis in the Horn of Africa] at ''[[FAO]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110812191710/http://www.unocha.org/crisis/horn-africa-crisis Horn of Africa crisis]{{snd}}[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140510093708/http://drought.icpac.net/ African Flood and Drought Monitor] (AFDM) * [http://reliefweb.int/disaster/dr-2011-000029-ken Humanitarian response and analysis via ReliefWeb] * [http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Full_report_216.pdf Full Report on the Horn of Africa drought], United Nations, 29 July 2011 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728193016/http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/spotlight/hornofafrica/ Horn of Africa Drought] collected news and commentary at ''[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]'' * [https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2011/07/21/disunited-in-hunger East Africa's Famine: Disunited in hunger], ''[[The Economist]]'', 21 July 2011 * {{Guardian topic|2=Famine}}, with [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/jul/20/famine-in-somalia?intcmp=239 Explainer] and [https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2011/jul/21/horn-africa-drought-map Drought map] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110926094327/http://www.fews.net/Pages/Horn-of-Africa-Emergency.aspx Horn of Africa Emergency] at the [[Famine Early Warning Systems Network]] (FEWS NET), funded by [[USAID]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110921093128/http://www.usaid.gov/fwd/ FWD (Famine, War, Drought) Public Awareness Campaign] at [[USAID]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120627173043/http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/news/tags/index.php/pw:africadrought2011/Horn%20of%20Africa:%20drought%20and%20famine%20crisis/ PreventionWeb 2011 East Africa drought] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627173043/http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/news/tags/index.php/pw:africadrought2011/Horn%20of%20Africa:%20drought%20and%20famine%20crisis/ |date=27 June 2012 }} ;Humanitarian organizations * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111228172327/http://caritas.org/activities/emergencies/EastAfricaAfterFoodCrisis.html Video: Fighting Hunger During Kenya's Food Crisis] at [[Caritas (charity)|Caritas]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811072655/http://www.oxfam.org/en/emergencies/east-africa-food-crisis East Africa food crisis] at [[Oxfam]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110812150842/http://www.mercycorps.org/hornofafricahungercrisis Horn of Africa Hunger Crisis] at [[Mercy Corps]] * [http://www.unicef.org/esaro/ Eastern and Southern Africa] at [[UNICEF]] {{DEFAULTSORT:East Africa drought, 2011}} [[Category:2011 insyd Djibouti]] [[Category:2011 insyd Kenya]] [[Category:2011 disasters insyd Somalia]] [[Category:2011 insyd South Sudan]] [[Category:2011 insyd Sudan]] [[Category:2011 insyd Uganda]] [[Category:2011 natural disasters]] [[Category:Meteorological events insyd 2011]] [[Category:2011 droughts]] [[Category:2011 disasters insyd Ethiopia]] [[Category:2010s famines]] [[Category:Droughts insyd Africa]] [[Category:History of East Africa|Drought, 2011]] [[Category:Famines insyd Africa]] [[Category:Natural disasters insyd Djibouti|Drought]] [[Category:Natural disasters insyd Ethiopia|Drought]] [[Category:Natural disasters insyd Kenya|Drought]] [[Category:Natural disasters insyd Somalia|Drought]] [[Category:Natural disasters insyd South Sudan|Drought]] [[Category:Natural disasters insyd Sudan|Drought]] [[Category:Natural disasters insyd Uganda|Drought]] [[Category:Famines insyd Somalia]] [[Category:2010s disasters insyd Sudan]] t4z7hascyl26vcqljk9vbwf7p4rr04m 0 27913 106396 106358 2026-07-08T14:15:34Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Na de '''UNICEF Tap Project''' be a nationwide campaign wey dey provide kiddies insyd impoverished nations plus access to safe, clean water. De campaign culminate during World Water Week, wey dey celebrate de [[United Nations]] ein [[World Water Day]], March 30. Dis campaign involve restaurants, dining patrons, students, den volunteers along plus corporate, community, celebrity, den government supporters. During World Water Week restaurants across de United States encourage patrons to donate $1 anaa more give de tap water dem usually enjoy for free. In tandem, UNICEF Tap Project volunteers support dema efforts by conducting local fundraising events den activities. Today, nearly 990 million people worldwide dey widout access to safe den clean drinking water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tapproject.org/about/world-water-crisis.html |title=The World Water Crisis |publisher=Tapproject.org |access-date=2012-11-28}}</ref> Meanwhile, every day 4,100 kiddies die from water related diseases. De UNICEF Tap Project help support UNICEF ein work towards de Millennium Development Goals – Goal 7 – wich be to halve'16 flats, by 2015, de proportion of de population widout sustainable access to safe drinking water den basic produced water. Na UNICEF USA retire de project insyd March 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicefusa.org/mission/usa/unicef-tap-project|title=UNICEF Tap Project|website=UNICEF USA|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27|archive-date=2019-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825195845/https://www.unicefusa.org/mission/usa/unicef-tap-project|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Destination of funds == {| class="wikitable" !Country wey receive aid !year |- |[[Angola]] |2007 |- |Belize |2008, 2009 |- |[[Central African Republic]] |2010, 2011 |- |[[Ivory Coast]] |2008, 2009 |- |Guatemala |2010 |- |Haiti |2010 |- |[[Iraq]] |2007, 2008, 2009 |- |Laos |2007 |- |Nicaragua |2008, 2009 |- |[[Togo]] |2010, 2011 |- |Vietnam |2010, 2011 |} <ref name="Where Your Money Goes">{{cite web |title=Where Your Money Goes |url=http://www.tapproject.org/about/unicef-success-stories.html |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Tapproject.org}}</ref> == Notable media == * ''Top Chef Masters'' – Marcus Samuelsson win, plus de UNICEF Tap Project as ein benefiting charity<ref>{{cite web |title=Videos - Top Chef Masters Season 4 - Bravo TV Official Site |url=http://www.bravotv.com/top-chef-masters/videos/your-top-chef-maste |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Bravotv.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kung |first=Michelle |date=2010-06-10 |title=Marcus Samuelsson Wins 'Top Chef Masters' in Season Finale - Speakeasy - WSJ |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2010/06/10/marcus-samuelsson-wins-top-chef-masters-in-season-finale/ |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Blogs.wsj.com}}</ref> * ''Dr. Phil''<ref>{{cite web |date=2009-08-12 |title=Shows - How to Talk to Your Kids about Money |url=http://www.drphil.com/shows/show/1252 |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Dr. Phil.com}}</ref> * ''The Ellen DeGeneres Show''<ref>{{cite web |author=Next Post » Paul McKenna Can Make You Thin! |date=2008-03-18 |title=Ellen and The Tap Project Are Trying to Provide Clean Water For Everyone {{pipe}} EllenTV.com |url=http://ellen.warnerbros.com/2008/03/ellen_and_the_tap_project_are.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308122756/http://ellen.warnerbros.com/2008/03/ellen_and_the_tap_project_are.php |archive-date=2012-03-08 |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Ellen.warnerbros.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Learn More About UNICEF's Tap Project, and Universal Orlando Resort {{pipe}} EllenTV.com |url=http://ellen.warnerbros.com/2010/06/learn_more_about_unicefs_tap_project_and_universal_orlando_resort_0604.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308122812/http://ellen.warnerbros.com/2010/06/learn_more_about_unicefs_tap_project_and_universal_orlando_resort_0604.php |archive-date=2012-03-08 |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Ellen.warnerbros.com}}</ref> * ''The Rachael Ray Show''<ref>{{cite web |title=On the Show - UNICEF's Tap Project |url=http://www.rachaelrayshow.com/show/segments/view/unicefs-tap-project/# |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Rachael Ray Show}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=On the Show - UNICEF's Tap Project |url=http://www.rachaelrayshow.com/show/segments/view/unicefs-tap-project-2011/ |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Rachael Ray Show}}</ref> * ''The Martha Stewart Show''<ref>{{cite web |title=UNICEF Tap Project |url=http://www.wholeliving.com/article/unicef-tap-project |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Whole Living}}</ref> == References == <references /> ==External links== *[http://www.tapproject.org "Tap Project" Homepage. 17 February 2009] *[http://www.unicef.org/wes/usa_43331.html Bennett, A. "Celebrating the Tap Project." Unicef.org. 17 February 2009] *[http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/index.php?id=1968&L=0target%252525253D_blank%25252522%25252520o "World Water Council." 16 March 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217122930/http://worldwatercouncil.org/index.php?id=1968 |date=17 February 2009 }} [[Category:UNICEF]] [[Category:Water-related charities]] e3bugpah7qxkx33vp00lzfugg1xuu1j 0 27914 106399 106008 2026-07-08T14:34:19Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kainji Dam''' be a dam across de [[Niger River]] insyd Niger State of Central [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-15|title=Niger Community Demands Renaming Of Zungeru Dam To Theirs, Lament Injustice In Retaining Current Name|url=https://saharareporters.com/2021/08/15/niger-community-demands-renaming-zungeru-dam-theirs-lament-injustice-retaining-current|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2022-02-23|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Construction of de dam by Impregilo (a consortium of Italian civil engineering contractors) begin insyd 1964 wey na dem plete am insyd 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niger River - Hydrology, Basin, Delta {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River/Hydrology |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Ein total cost be estimated at US$209 million (equivalent to about US$1.5billion insyd 2024 dollars), wey one-quarter of dis amount dem use to resettle people wey de construction of de dam den ein reservoir displace, de Kainji Lake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarafinchin / Kainji and Jebba Dams, Niger River, Nigeria |url=https://www.sarafinchin.com/index.php/projects/africa/kainji-and-jebba-dams-niger-river-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Simwa |first=Adrianna |date=2018-05-04 |title=Kainji Dam: interesting facts about the biggest dam in Nigeria |url=https://www.legit.ng/1166894-where-kainji-dam-located-nigeria.html |access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}</ref> == Dimensions == Kainji Dam dey extend for about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), including its [[:en:Saddle_dam|saddle dam]], wey dey close off a [[:en:Tributary_valley|tributary valley]]. The primary section across the outflow to the Niger na 550 metres (1,800 ft).Most of the structure dem build from earth,but the centre section, wey dey house the [[:en:Hydroelectric|hydroelectric]] [[:en:Turbine|turbines,]] dem build from concrete.This section dey 65 metres (213 ft) high. Kainji Dam be one of the longest dams for the whole world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=aliyu |title=An inside look at Kainji Dam |url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-date=2012-10-14 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.dailytrust.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Power station == Dem design the dam to get [[:en:Generating_plant|generating capacity]] of 960 megawatts (1,290,000 hp)); but, only 8 out of the 12 [[:en:Turbine|turbines]] dem don install,and this don reduce the capacity reach 760 megawatts (1,020,000 hp). <ref>{{Cite web |last=aliyu |title=An inside look at Kainji Dam |url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-date=2012-10-14 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.dailytrust.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref>The dam dey generate electricity for all the big cities for [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction of the Kainji Dam and Lake |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/construction-kainji-dam-and-lake |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref>Some of the electricity dem dey sell give the neighbouring country [[Niger]].On top of that, occasional [[Drought|droughts]] don make the [[:en:Niger_State|Niger's]] water flow unpredictable, and this dey reduce the dam's electrical output.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guardian |first=The |date=2017-03-29 |title=Upgrading Kainji dam and improving electricity |url=https://guardian.ng/energy/upgrading-kainji-dam-and-improving-electricity/ |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-GB}}</ref> <gallery> File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 083 Kainji Dam. The water flows from four openings.jpg|Flow of water through four openings in the Kainji Dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 081 Kainji Dam. Balustrade with a view over an island in the Niger with electricity pylons.jpg|Overview from the dam of the island in the Niger River with electricity File:pylons, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 084 Kainji Dam. White horned zebus in front of the openings of the dam.jpg|Zebus crossing the dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 086 Kainji Dam. A shepherd boy in native clothing with a club and a hat for the balustrade on the dam.jpg|A shepherd boy at the dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 082 Kainji Dam. A man with a white headscarf above sparkling water.jpg|Man above the foaming water, 1970– 1973. </gallery> == Lock == The dam get one single-lock chamber wey fit lift barges 49 metres (161 ft) high. == Discharge flooding == For October 1998, as response to [[Floods insyd Ghana|flooding]] wey dey happen upstream,dem release one torrent of water from the dam, and e burst the [[:en:River_bank|river banks]]. Almost 60 villages flood.[[:en:Domestic_animals|Domestic animals]] drown and dikes plus several [[:en:Farm|farms]] wash away. Dem criticize dam officials say dem wait too long before dem start, and then dem dump too much water at once.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The dam which brought disaster |url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-date=2009-07-26 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.africasia.com}}</ref> == Lake Kainji == [[:en:Kainji_Lake|Kainji Lake]] dey measure about 135 kilometres (84 mi) long and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) at its widest point,and e dey support irrigation and a local [[:en:Fishing_industry|fishing industry]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Kainji Dam |date=2026-06-06 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kainji_Dam&oldid=1358049158 |access-date=2026-06-30 |language=en}}</ref>For 1999, uncoordinated opening of floodgates lead to local flooding for about 60 villages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The dam which brought disaster |url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-date=2009-07-26 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.africasia.com}}</ref> == References == 1axals2l4ty3stdcc4mwfx47ur88c39 106400 106399 2026-07-08T14:37:57Z DaSupremo 9 /* Dimensions */ Make sum corrections 106400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kainji Dam''' be a dam across de [[Niger River]] insyd Niger State of Central [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-15|title=Niger Community Demands Renaming Of Zungeru Dam To Theirs, Lament Injustice In Retaining Current Name|url=https://saharareporters.com/2021/08/15/niger-community-demands-renaming-zungeru-dam-theirs-lament-injustice-retaining-current|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2022-02-23|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Construction of de dam by Impregilo (a consortium of Italian civil engineering contractors) begin insyd 1964 wey na dem plete am insyd 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niger River - Hydrology, Basin, Delta {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River/Hydrology |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Ein total cost be estimated at US$209 million (equivalent to about US$1.5billion insyd 2024 dollars), wey one-quarter of dis amount dem use to resettle people wey de construction of de dam den ein reservoir displace, de Kainji Lake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarafinchin / Kainji and Jebba Dams, Niger River, Nigeria |url=https://www.sarafinchin.com/index.php/projects/africa/kainji-and-jebba-dams-niger-river-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Simwa |first=Adrianna |date=2018-05-04 |title=Kainji Dam: interesting facts about the biggest dam in Nigeria |url=https://www.legit.ng/1166894-where-kainji-dam-located-nigeria.html |access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}</ref> ==Dimensions== Kainji Dam dey extend for about {{convert|10|km}}, wey dey include ein saddle dam, wich dey close off a tributary valley. De primary section across de outflow to de Niger be {{convert|550|m}}. Most of de structure be made from earth, buh de centre section, wey dey house de hydroelectric turbines, na dem build from concrete. Dis section be {{convert|65|m}} high. Kanji Dam be one of de longest dams insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |title=An inside look at Kainji Dam |access-date=July 21, 2012 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> == Power station == Dem design the dam to get [[:en:Generating_plant|generating capacity]] of 960 megawatts (1,290,000 hp)); but, only 8 out of the 12 [[:en:Turbine|turbines]] dem don install,and this don reduce the capacity reach 760 megawatts (1,020,000 hp). <ref>{{Cite web |last=aliyu |title=An inside look at Kainji Dam |url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-date=2012-10-14 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.dailytrust.com.ng |language=en-gb}}</ref>The dam dey generate electricity for all the big cities for [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction of the Kainji Dam and Lake |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/construction-kainji-dam-and-lake |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref>Some of the electricity dem dey sell give the neighbouring country [[Niger]].On top of that, occasional [[Drought|droughts]] don make the [[:en:Niger_State|Niger's]] water flow unpredictable, and this dey reduce the dam's electrical output.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guardian |first=The |date=2017-03-29 |title=Upgrading Kainji dam and improving electricity |url=https://guardian.ng/energy/upgrading-kainji-dam-and-improving-electricity/ |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-GB}}</ref> <gallery> File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 083 Kainji Dam. The water flows from four openings.jpg|Flow of water through four openings in the Kainji Dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 081 Kainji Dam. Balustrade with a view over an island in the Niger with electricity pylons.jpg|Overview from the dam of the island in the Niger River with electricity File:pylons, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 084 Kainji Dam. White horned zebus in front of the openings of the dam.jpg|Zebus crossing the dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 086 Kainji Dam. A shepherd boy in native clothing with a club and a hat for the balustrade on the dam.jpg|A shepherd boy at the dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 082 Kainji Dam. A man with a white headscarf above sparkling water.jpg|Man above the foaming water, 1970– 1973. </gallery> == Lock == The dam get one single-lock chamber wey fit lift barges 49 metres (161 ft) high. == Discharge flooding == For October 1998, as response to [[Floods insyd Ghana|flooding]] wey dey happen upstream,dem release one torrent of water from the dam, and e burst the [[:en:River_bank|river banks]]. Almost 60 villages flood.[[:en:Domestic_animals|Domestic animals]] drown and dikes plus several [[:en:Farm|farms]] wash away. Dem criticize dam officials say dem wait too long before dem start, and then dem dump too much water at once.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The dam which brought disaster |url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-date=2009-07-26 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.africasia.com}}</ref> == Lake Kainji == [[:en:Kainji_Lake|Kainji Lake]] dey measure about 135 kilometres (84 mi) long and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) at its widest point,and e dey support irrigation and a local [[:en:Fishing_industry|fishing industry]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Kainji Dam |date=2026-06-06 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kainji_Dam&oldid=1358049158 |access-date=2026-06-30 |language=en}}</ref>For 1999, uncoordinated opening of floodgates lead to local flooding for about 60 villages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The dam which brought disaster |url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-date=2009-07-26 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.africasia.com}}</ref> == References == eh3go6x3ksnq9rnjhduo6b2h181t53w 106401 106400 2026-07-08T14:43:28Z DaSupremo 9 /* Power station */ Make sum corrections 106401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kainji Dam''' be a dam across de [[Niger River]] insyd Niger State of Central [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-15|title=Niger Community Demands Renaming Of Zungeru Dam To Theirs, Lament Injustice In Retaining Current Name|url=https://saharareporters.com/2021/08/15/niger-community-demands-renaming-zungeru-dam-theirs-lament-injustice-retaining-current|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2022-02-23|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Construction of de dam by Impregilo (a consortium of Italian civil engineering contractors) begin insyd 1964 wey na dem plete am insyd 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niger River - Hydrology, Basin, Delta {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River/Hydrology |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Ein total cost be estimated at US$209 million (equivalent to about US$1.5billion insyd 2024 dollars), wey one-quarter of dis amount dem use to resettle people wey de construction of de dam den ein reservoir displace, de Kainji Lake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarafinchin / Kainji and Jebba Dams, Niger River, Nigeria |url=https://www.sarafinchin.com/index.php/projects/africa/kainji-and-jebba-dams-niger-river-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Simwa |first=Adrianna |date=2018-05-04 |title=Kainji Dam: interesting facts about the biggest dam in Nigeria |url=https://www.legit.ng/1166894-where-kainji-dam-located-nigeria.html |access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}</ref> ==Dimensions== Kainji Dam dey extend for about {{convert|10|km}}, wey dey include ein saddle dam, wich dey close off a tributary valley. De primary section across de outflow to de Niger be {{convert|550|m}}. Most of de structure be made from earth, buh de centre section, wey dey house de hydroelectric turbines, na dem build from concrete. Dis section be {{convert|65|m}} high. Kanji Dam be one of de longest dams insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |title=An inside look at Kainji Dam |access-date=July 21, 2012 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> ==Power station== Na dem design de dam make e get a generating capacity of {{convert|960|MW}}; however, only 8 of ein 12 turbines be installed, wey dey reduce de capacity to {{convert|760|MW}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |title=An inside look at Kainji Dam |access-date=July 18, 2012 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> De dam dey generate electricity for all de large cities insyd [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction of the Kainji Dam and Lake |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/construction-kainji-dam-and-lake |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> Na dem sell sam of de electricity to de neighbouring country of [[Niger]]. In addition, occasional [[Drought|droughts]] make de Niger ein water flow unpredictable, wey dey diminish de dam ein electrical output.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guardian |first=The |date=2017-03-29 |title=Upgrading Kainji dam and improving electricity |url=https://guardian.ng/energy/upgrading-kainji-dam-and-improving-electricity/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <gallery> File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 083 Kainji Dam. The water flows from four openings.jpg|Flow of water thru four openings insyd de Kainji Dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 081 Kainji Dam. Balustrade with a view over an island in the Niger with electricity pylons.jpg|Overview from de dam of de island insyd de Niger River plus electricity File:pylons, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 084 Kainji Dam. White horned zebus in front of the openings of the dam.jpg|Zebus wey dey cross de dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 086 Kainji Dam. A shepherd boy in native clothing with a club and a hat for the balustrade on the dam.jpg|A shepherd boy at de dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 082 Kainji Dam. A man with a white headscarf above sparkling water.jpg|Man above de foaming water, 1970–1973. </gallery> == Lock == De dam get one single-lock chamber wey fit lift barges 49 metres (161 ft) high. == Discharge flooding == For October 1998, as response to [[Floods insyd Ghana|flooding]] wey dey happen upstream,dem release one torrent of water from the dam, and e burst the [[:en:River_bank|river banks]]. Almost 60 villages flood.[[:en:Domestic_animals|Domestic animals]] drown and dikes plus several [[:en:Farm|farms]] wash away. Dem criticize dam officials say dem wait too long before dem start, and then dem dump too much water at once.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The dam which brought disaster |url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-date=2009-07-26 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.africasia.com}}</ref> == Lake Kainji == [[:en:Kainji_Lake|Kainji Lake]] dey measure about 135 kilometres (84 mi) long and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) at its widest point,and e dey support irrigation and a local [[:en:Fishing_industry|fishing industry]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Kainji Dam |date=2026-06-06 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kainji_Dam&oldid=1358049158 |access-date=2026-06-30 |language=en}}</ref>For 1999, uncoordinated opening of floodgates lead to local flooding for about 60 villages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The dam which brought disaster |url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-date=2009-07-26 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.africasia.com}}</ref> == References == 4qweqjv6a4764a5fsne63i2tq01qta9 106402 106401 2026-07-08T14:46:23Z DaSupremo 9 /* Discharge flooding */ Make sum corrections 106402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kainji Dam''' be a dam across de [[Niger River]] insyd Niger State of Central [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-15|title=Niger Community Demands Renaming Of Zungeru Dam To Theirs, Lament Injustice In Retaining Current Name|url=https://saharareporters.com/2021/08/15/niger-community-demands-renaming-zungeru-dam-theirs-lament-injustice-retaining-current|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2022-02-23|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Construction of de dam by Impregilo (a consortium of Italian civil engineering contractors) begin insyd 1964 wey na dem plete am insyd 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niger River - Hydrology, Basin, Delta {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River/Hydrology |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Ein total cost be estimated at US$209 million (equivalent to about US$1.5billion insyd 2024 dollars), wey one-quarter of dis amount dem use to resettle people wey de construction of de dam den ein reservoir displace, de Kainji Lake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarafinchin / Kainji and Jebba Dams, Niger River, Nigeria |url=https://www.sarafinchin.com/index.php/projects/africa/kainji-and-jebba-dams-niger-river-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Simwa |first=Adrianna |date=2018-05-04 |title=Kainji Dam: interesting facts about the biggest dam in Nigeria |url=https://www.legit.ng/1166894-where-kainji-dam-located-nigeria.html |access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}</ref> ==Dimensions== Kainji Dam dey extend for about {{convert|10|km}}, wey dey include ein saddle dam, wich dey close off a tributary valley. De primary section across de outflow to de Niger be {{convert|550|m}}. Most of de structure be made from earth, buh de centre section, wey dey house de hydroelectric turbines, na dem build from concrete. Dis section be {{convert|65|m}} high. Kanji Dam be one of de longest dams insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |title=An inside look at Kainji Dam |access-date=July 21, 2012 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> ==Power station== Na dem design de dam make e get a generating capacity of {{convert|960|MW}}; however, only 8 of ein 12 turbines be installed, wey dey reduce de capacity to {{convert|760|MW}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |title=An inside look at Kainji Dam |access-date=July 18, 2012 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> De dam dey generate electricity for all de large cities insyd [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction of the Kainji Dam and Lake |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/construction-kainji-dam-and-lake |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> Na dem sell sam of de electricity to de neighbouring country of [[Niger]]. In addition, occasional [[Drought|droughts]] make de Niger ein water flow unpredictable, wey dey diminish de dam ein electrical output.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guardian |first=The |date=2017-03-29 |title=Upgrading Kainji dam and improving electricity |url=https://guardian.ng/energy/upgrading-kainji-dam-and-improving-electricity/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <gallery> File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 083 Kainji Dam. The water flows from four openings.jpg|Flow of water thru four openings insyd de Kainji Dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 081 Kainji Dam. Balustrade with a view over an island in the Niger with electricity pylons.jpg|Overview from de dam of de island insyd de Niger River plus electricity File:pylons, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 084 Kainji Dam. White horned zebus in front of the openings of the dam.jpg|Zebus wey dey cross de dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 086 Kainji Dam. A shepherd boy in native clothing with a club and a hat for the balustrade on the dam.jpg|A shepherd boy at de dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 082 Kainji Dam. A man with a white headscarf above sparkling water.jpg|Man above de foaming water, 1970–1973. </gallery> == Lock == De dam get one single-lock chamber wey fit lift barges 49 metres (161 ft) high. == Discharge flooding == Insyd October 1998, in response to upstream [[Flood|flooding]], na dem release a torrent of water from de dam, wey dey burst de river banks. Nearly 60 villages be flooded. Domestic animals drown den dikes as well as several farms be washed away. Dem criticize dam officials for waiting too long before starting den then dumping too much water.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm|title=The dam which brought disaster|date=2009-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm|access-date=2020-02-07|archive-date=2009-07-26}}</ref> == Lake Kainji == [[:en:Kainji_Lake|Kainji Lake]] dey measure about 135 kilometres (84 mi) long and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) at its widest point,and e dey support irrigation and a local [[:en:Fishing_industry|fishing industry]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Kainji Dam |date=2026-06-06 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kainji_Dam&oldid=1358049158 |access-date=2026-06-30 |language=en}}</ref>For 1999, uncoordinated opening of floodgates lead to local flooding for about 60 villages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The dam which brought disaster |url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-date=2009-07-26 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.africasia.com}}</ref> == References == p5aznummwlxdfg894thzmrjn18m87ic 106403 106402 2026-07-08T14:49:16Z DaSupremo 9 /* Lake Kainji */ Make sum corrections 106403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kainji Dam''' be a dam across de [[Niger River]] insyd Niger State of Central [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-15|title=Niger Community Demands Renaming Of Zungeru Dam To Theirs, Lament Injustice In Retaining Current Name|url=https://saharareporters.com/2021/08/15/niger-community-demands-renaming-zungeru-dam-theirs-lament-injustice-retaining-current|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2022-02-23|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Construction of de dam by Impregilo (a consortium of Italian civil engineering contractors) begin insyd 1964 wey na dem plete am insyd 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niger River - Hydrology, Basin, Delta {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River/Hydrology |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Ein total cost be estimated at US$209 million (equivalent to about US$1.5billion insyd 2024 dollars), wey one-quarter of dis amount dem use to resettle people wey de construction of de dam den ein reservoir displace, de Kainji Lake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarafinchin / Kainji and Jebba Dams, Niger River, Nigeria |url=https://www.sarafinchin.com/index.php/projects/africa/kainji-and-jebba-dams-niger-river-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Simwa |first=Adrianna |date=2018-05-04 |title=Kainji Dam: interesting facts about the biggest dam in Nigeria |url=https://www.legit.ng/1166894-where-kainji-dam-located-nigeria.html |access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}</ref> ==Dimensions== Kainji Dam dey extend for about {{convert|10|km}}, wey dey include ein saddle dam, wich dey close off a tributary valley. De primary section across de outflow to de Niger be {{convert|550|m}}. Most of de structure be made from earth, buh de centre section, wey dey house de hydroelectric turbines, na dem build from concrete. Dis section be {{convert|65|m}} high. Kanji Dam be one of de longest dams insyd de world.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |title=An inside look at Kainji Dam |access-date=July 21, 2012 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> ==Power station== Na dem design de dam make e get a generating capacity of {{convert|960|MW}}; however, only 8 of ein 12 turbines be installed, wey dey reduce de capacity to {{convert|760|MW}}.<ref name=":0" /> De dam dey generate electricity for all de large cities insyd [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction of the Kainji Dam and Lake |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/construction-kainji-dam-and-lake |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> Na dem sell sam of de electricity to de neighbouring country of [[Niger]]. In addition, occasional [[Drought|droughts]] make de Niger ein water flow unpredictable, wey dey diminish de dam ein electrical output.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guardian |first=The |date=2017-03-29 |title=Upgrading Kainji dam and improving electricity |url=https://guardian.ng/energy/upgrading-kainji-dam-and-improving-electricity/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <gallery> File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 083 Kainji Dam. The water flows from four openings.jpg|Flow of water thru four openings insyd de Kainji Dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 081 Kainji Dam. Balustrade with a view over an island in the Niger with electricity pylons.jpg|Overview from de dam of de island insyd de Niger River plus electricity File:pylons, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 084 Kainji Dam. White horned zebus in front of the openings of the dam.jpg|Zebus wey dey cross de dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 086 Kainji Dam. A shepherd boy in native clothing with a club and a hat for the balustrade on the dam.jpg|A shepherd boy at de dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 082 Kainji Dam. A man with a white headscarf above sparkling water.jpg|Man above de foaming water, 1970–1973. </gallery> == Lock == De dam get one single-lock chamber wey fit lift barges 49 metres (161 ft) high. == Discharge flooding == Insyd October 1998, in response to upstream [[Flood|flooding]], na dem release a torrent of water from de dam, wey dey burst de river banks. Nearly 60 villages be flooded. Domestic animals drown den dikes as well as several farms be washed away. Dem criticize dam officials for waiting too long before starting den then dumping too much water.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm|title=The dam which brought disaster|date=2009-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm|access-date=2020-02-07|archive-date=2009-07-26}}</ref> == Lake Kainji == Kainji Lake dey measure about {{convert|135|km}} long den about {{convert|30|km}} at ein widest point, den dey support irrigation den a local fishing industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1572537/Niger-Dams-Project|title=Tajikistan to Export Electricity to Afghanistan|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-access=subscription |access-date=July 18, 2012}}</ref> Insyd 1999, uncoordinated opening of floodgates lead to local flooding of about 60&nbsp;villages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |title=The dam which brought disaster |access-date=2008-06-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-date=2009-07-26 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == qroyj1snviosvhaczq0e1kxye3fp6wx 106404 106403 2026-07-08T14:54:31Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 106404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kainji Dam''' be a dam across de [[Niger River]] insyd Niger State of Central [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-15|title=Niger Community Demands Renaming Of Zungeru Dam To Theirs, Lament Injustice In Retaining Current Name|url=https://saharareporters.com/2021/08/15/niger-community-demands-renaming-zungeru-dam-theirs-lament-injustice-retaining-current|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2022-02-23|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Construction of de dam by Impregilo (a consortium of Italian civil engineering contractors) begin insyd 1964 wey na dem plete am insyd 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niger River - Hydrology, Basin, Delta {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River/Hydrology |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Ein total cost be estimated at US$209 million (equivalent to about US$1.5billion insyd 2024 dollars), wey one-quarter of dis amount dem use to resettle people wey de construction of de dam den ein reservoir displace, de Kainji Lake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarafinchin / Kainji and Jebba Dams, Niger River, Nigeria |url=https://www.sarafinchin.com/index.php/projects/africa/kainji-and-jebba-dams-niger-river-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Simwa |first=Adrianna |date=2018-05-04 |title=Kainji Dam: interesting facts about the biggest dam in Nigeria |url=https://www.legit.ng/1166894-where-kainji-dam-located-nigeria.html |access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}</ref> ==Dimensions== Kainji Dam dey extend for about {{convert|10|km}}, wey dey include ein saddle dam, wich dey close off a tributary valley. De primary section across de outflow to de Niger be {{convert|550|m}}. Most of de structure be made from earth, buh de centre section, wey dey house de hydroelectric turbines, na dem build from concrete. Dis section be {{convert|65|m}} high. Kanji Dam be one of de longest dams insyd de world.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |title=An inside look at Kainji Dam |access-date=July 21, 2012 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> ==Power station== Na dem design de dam make e get a generating capacity of {{convert|960|MW}}; however, only 8 of ein 12 turbines be installed, wey dey reduce de capacity to {{convert|760|MW}}.<ref name=":0" /> De dam dey generate electricity for all de large cities insyd [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction of the Kainji Dam and Lake |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/construction-kainji-dam-and-lake |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> Na dem sell sam of de electricity to de neighbouring country of [[Niger]]. In addition, occasional [[Drought|droughts]] make de Niger ein water flow unpredictable, wey dey diminish de dam ein electrical output.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guardian |first=The |date=2017-03-29 |title=Upgrading Kainji dam and improving electricity |url=https://guardian.ng/energy/upgrading-kainji-dam-and-improving-electricity/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <gallery> File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 083 Kainji Dam. The water flows from four openings.jpg|Flow of water thru four openings insyd de Kainji Dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 081 Kainji Dam. Balustrade with a view over an island in the Niger with electricity pylons.jpg|Overview from de dam of de island insyd de Niger River plus electricity File:pylons, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 084 Kainji Dam. White horned zebus in front of the openings of the dam.jpg|Zebus wey dey cross de dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 086 Kainji Dam. A shepherd boy in native clothing with a club and a hat for the balustrade on the dam.jpg|A shepherd boy at de dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 082 Kainji Dam. A man with a white headscarf above sparkling water.jpg|Man above de foaming water, 1970–1973. </gallery> == Lock == De dam get one single-lock chamber wey fit lift barges 49 metres (161 ft) high. == Discharge flooding == Insyd October 1998, in response to upstream [[Flood|flooding]], na dem release a torrent of water from de dam, wey dey burst de river banks. Nearly 60 villages be flooded. Domestic animals drown den dikes as well as several farms be washed away. Dem criticize dam officials for waiting too long before starting den then dumping too much water.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm|title=The dam which brought disaster|date=2009-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm|access-date=2020-02-07|archive-date=2009-07-26}}</ref> == Lake Kainji == Kainji Lake dey measure about {{convert|135|km}} long den about {{convert|30|km}} at ein widest point, den dey support irrigation den a local fishing industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1572537/Niger-Dams-Project|title=Tajikistan to Export Electricity to Afghanistan|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-access=subscription |access-date=July 18, 2012}}</ref> Insyd 1999, uncoordinated opening of floodgates lead to local flooding of about 60&nbsp;villages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |title=The dam which brought disaster |access-date=2008-06-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-date=2009-07-26 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:Dams dem plete insyd 1968]] [[Category:Kainji Lake]] [[Category:Dams insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:Crossings of de Niger River]] [[Category:Niger State]] [[Category:20th-century architecture insyd Nigeria]] jrd5a8cwqjg9svryh8z40tg2xomc22d 106405 106404 2026-07-08T14:55:50Z DaSupremo 9 Add category 106405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kainji Dam''' be a dam across de [[Niger River]] insyd Niger State of Central [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-15|title=Niger Community Demands Renaming Of Zungeru Dam To Theirs, Lament Injustice In Retaining Current Name|url=https://saharareporters.com/2021/08/15/niger-community-demands-renaming-zungeru-dam-theirs-lament-injustice-retaining-current|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2022-02-23|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> Construction of de dam by Impregilo (a consortium of Italian civil engineering contractors) begin insyd 1964 wey na dem plete am insyd 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niger River - Hydrology, Basin, Delta {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River/Hydrology |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Ein total cost be estimated at US$209 million (equivalent to about US$1.5billion insyd 2024 dollars), wey one-quarter of dis amount dem use to resettle people wey de construction of de dam den ein reservoir displace, de Kainji Lake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarafinchin / Kainji and Jebba Dams, Niger River, Nigeria |url=https://www.sarafinchin.com/index.php/projects/africa/kainji-and-jebba-dams-niger-river-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Simwa |first=Adrianna |date=2018-05-04 |title=Kainji Dam: interesting facts about the biggest dam in Nigeria |url=https://www.legit.ng/1166894-where-kainji-dam-located-nigeria.html |access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}</ref> ==Dimensions== Kainji Dam dey extend for about {{convert|10|km}}, wey dey include ein saddle dam, wich dey close off a tributary valley. De primary section across de outflow to de Niger be {{convert|550|m}}. Most of de structure be made from earth, buh de centre section, wey dey house de hydroelectric turbines, na dem build from concrete. Dis section be {{convert|65|m}} high. Kanji Dam be one of de longest dams insyd de world.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |title=An inside look at Kainji Dam |access-date=July 21, 2012 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> ==Power station== Na dem design de dam make e get a generating capacity of {{convert|960|MW}}; however, only 8 of ein 12 turbines be installed, wey dey reduce de capacity to {{convert|760|MW}}.<ref name=":0" /> De dam dey generate electricity for all de large cities insyd [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction of the Kainji Dam and Lake |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/construction-kainji-dam-and-lake |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> Na dem sell sam of de electricity to de neighbouring country of [[Niger]]. In addition, occasional [[Drought|droughts]] make de Niger ein water flow unpredictable, wey dey diminish de dam ein electrical output.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guardian |first=The |date=2017-03-29 |title=Upgrading Kainji dam and improving electricity |url=https://guardian.ng/energy/upgrading-kainji-dam-and-improving-electricity/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-20 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <gallery> File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 083 Kainji Dam. The water flows from four openings.jpg|Flow of water thru four openings insyd de Kainji Dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 081 Kainji Dam. Balustrade with a view over an island in the Niger with electricity pylons.jpg|Overview from de dam of de island insyd de Niger River plus electricity File:pylons, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 084 Kainji Dam. White horned zebus in front of the openings of the dam.jpg|Zebus wey dey cross de dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 086 Kainji Dam. A shepherd boy in native clothing with a club and a hat for the balustrade on the dam.jpg|A shepherd boy at de dam, 1970–1973. File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 082 Kainji Dam. A man with a white headscarf above sparkling water.jpg|Man above de foaming water, 1970–1973. </gallery> == Lock == De dam get one single-lock chamber wey fit lift barges 49 metres (161 ft) high. == Discharge flooding == Insyd October 1998, in response to upstream [[Flood|flooding]], na dem release a torrent of water from de dam, wey dey burst de river banks. Nearly 60 villages be flooded. Domestic animals drown den dikes as well as several farms be washed away. Dem criticize dam officials for waiting too long before starting den then dumping too much water.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm|title=The dam which brought disaster|date=2009-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm|access-date=2020-02-07|archive-date=2009-07-26}}</ref> == Lake Kainji == Kainji Lake dey measure about {{convert|135|km}} long den about {{convert|30|km}} at ein widest point, den dey support irrigation den a local fishing industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1572537/Niger-Dams-Project|title=Tajikistan to Export Electricity to Afghanistan|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-access=subscription |access-date=July 18, 2012}}</ref> Insyd 1999, uncoordinated opening of floodgates lead to local flooding of about 60&nbsp;villages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |title=The dam which brought disaster |access-date=2008-06-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726125955/http://www.africasia.com/archive/na/99_01/naam0101.htm |archive-date=2009-07-26 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:Dams dem plete insyd 1968]] [[Category:Kainji Lake]] [[Category:Dams insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:Crossings of de Niger River]] [[Category:Niger State]] [[Category:20th-century architecture insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:Niger River]] cnjschpm5lbemo6ijd5eb1cnjind88i 0 27915 106412 106191 2026-07-08T15:03:43Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''H2O Africa Foundation''' na e be an NGO wey Matt Damon found to raise awareness about clean water initiatives insyd [[Africa]]. Na e be part of de Running the Sahara expedition den documentary project wey Damon, James Moll, LivePlanet, den de Independent Producers Alliance undertake. Insyd July 2009, de H2O Africa Foundation merge plus WaterPartners to form Water.org, an organization wey Matt Damon den Gary White of WaterPartners co-found.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Damon joins K.C. organization to provide for developing communities - Columbia Missourian |url=http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120225000821/http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |archive-date=2012-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=www.columbiamissourian.com}}</ref> ==History== When Matt Damon plus im producing partners Marc Joubert, Larry Tanz and Keith Quinn start dey plan di Running the Sahara expedition and film, Damon get di idea say make dem start one charity initiative too. Dem launch am informally for spring of 2006, and Richard Klopp become di first executive director wey lead di launch.<ref>[http://archive.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2006/09/12/damon_spices_up_fund_raiser/ Damon spices up fund-raiser - The Boston Globe<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> When film financier IPA join di project, di foundation officially get di name H2O Africa. Dem announce am on 10 September 2006 during one ONEXONE event for Toronto International Film Festival.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071011121832/http://globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php Actor Matt Damon aims to create public awareness of the water crisis with H2O Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011121832/http://globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php |date=2007-10-11 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> Dem create am as di charity arm of di Running the Sahara film project. Di aim be to raise money and awareness for organisations like United Nations Development Programme Clean Water Initiative, Living Water International and Millennium Promise project. On 29 May 2007, H2O Africa announce one new partnership with Ryan's Well Foundation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070824175320/http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm Ryan's Well Foundation and the H2O Africa Foundation Announce Partnership for Clean Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824175320/http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm |date=2007-08-24 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.positivenews.org.uk/artman/publish/article_1238.shtml Ryan's Well and H2O Africa Join Forces For Clean Water] retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> ==Projects== H2O Africa take part for these projects: *'''Global Youth Initiative For Clean Water''': H2O Africa dey help Ryan's Well Foundation raise money for this project by matching every donation dollar-for-dollar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |title=H2O Africa Partnership Project |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827002639/http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |archive-date=2007-08-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Di goal of di project be to improve health, wellbeing and sanitation for between 15 and 20 schools for Lira and Oyam districts inside Lango sub-region of Uganda. Apart from that, di project go also provide hygiene and environmental sanitation training for 90 schools inside di two districts, rehabilitate or build 25 clean water sources, and build 10 ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines. Construction suppose start for September 2007. *'''Route Nations''': H2O Africa, together with UNDP, dey build one water tower and two water fountains for di village of Néré Walo, Mauritania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |title=Project Update - Route Nations |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718210710/http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |archive-date=2007-07-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of August 2007, di project nearly finish. *'''Millennium Village''': H2O Africa partner with Millennium Promise to raise money for di Millennium Village project for Timbuktu, Mali. Di project dey support different initiatives wey go improve di local economy for areas like energy, infrastructure, nutrition services and gender equality.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions Millennium Promise - Interventions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions |date=2007-08-14 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> As of August 2007, di project don receive 22% of di $1,750,000 funding target. *'''Central African Republic Well Project''': H2O Africa join hands with Living Water International to build 20 new wells for Central African Republic. Dem also go provide support for these wells for five years. Di project still aim to help communities manage dia water resources better during this period. H2O Africa commit $100,000 to di project and also promise say dem go match another $100,000 wey people donate. As of August 2007, di organisation don raise 72% of di funding target. *'''L'Desh Fresh''': Millions of people around di world don search for am, and e finally enter di American market for 2009. Parasites, small traces of urine, dirt and arsenic come together to create di natural texture of L'Desh Fresh: ''The World's Most Authentic Drinking Water.'' But where e dey hide all this time? As e enter di market, plenty people dey ask that question. But di truth be say na joke—well, somehow. Sullivan Higdon & Sink (SHS), one award-winning marketing and advertising agency for Kansas City, create di L'Desh Fresh campaign for Water.org, one international non-profit organisation based for Kansas City. For almost twenty years, Water.org don dey work to provide safe drinking water and sanitation for people wey dey developing countries. SHS support di mission by creating this awareness campaign free of charge (pro bono). ==Charitable partners== * ONEXONE * Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund * ONE Campaign * A Glimmer of Hope Foundation * United Nations Development Programme * Millennium Promise * Ryan's Well Foundation ==External links== * [http://www.aglimmerofhope.org A Glimmer of Hope Foundation] * [http://www.h2oafrica.org/ H2O Africa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070720135346/http://www.water.cc/main.aspx Living Water International] * [http://www.millenniumpromise.org Millennium Promise] * [http://www.onexonecampaign.com OneXOne Campaign] * [http://www.rcgf.org Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070106080221/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/runningthesahara/ Running the Sahara] ==References== {{DEFAULTSORT:H2o Africa Foundation}} f6brvoebf9jflt2wdvtc2dcaiad6x1j 106413 106412 2026-07-08T15:08:05Z DaSupremo 9 /* History */ Make sum corrections 106413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''H2O Africa Foundation''' na e be an NGO wey Matt Damon found to raise awareness about clean water initiatives insyd [[Africa]]. Na e be part of de Running the Sahara expedition den documentary project wey Damon, James Moll, LivePlanet, den de Independent Producers Alliance undertake. Insyd July 2009, de H2O Africa Foundation merge plus WaterPartners to form Water.org, an organization wey Matt Damon den Gary White of WaterPartners co-found.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Damon joins K.C. organization to provide for developing communities - Columbia Missourian |url=http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120225000821/http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |archive-date=2012-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=www.columbiamissourian.com}}</ref> ==History== Wen Matt Damon den ein producing partners Marc Joubert, Larry Tanz, den Keith Quinn start dey work on planning de expedition den film for Running the Sahara, Damon get de idea of starting a charitable initiative. E be informally launched insyd de spring of 2006, wey dem hire Richard Klopp as launch executive director.<ref>[http://archive.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2006/09/12/damon_spices_up_fund_raiser/ Damon spices up fund-raiser - The Boston Globe]</ref> Wen film financier IPA cam on board de foundation officially be named H2O Africa wey na dem announce on September 10, 2006 during a ONEXONE event at de Toronto International Film Festival.<ref>[http://www.globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php Actor Matt Damon aims to create public awareness of the water crisis with H2O Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011121832/http://globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php |date=2007-10-11 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> Na dem start am as de charitable arm of de Running the Sahara film project, plus de goal of raising money den awareness for organizations such as de United Nations Development Programme Clean Water Initiative, Living Water International, den de Millennium Promise project. On May 29, 2007, H2O Africa announce a new partnership plus de Ryan's Well Foundation.<ref>[http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm Ryan's Well Foundation and the H2O Africa Foundation Announce Partnership for Clean Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824175320/http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm |date=2007-08-24 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.positivenews.org.uk/artman/publish/article_1238.shtml Ryan's Well and H2O Africa Join Forces For Clean Water] retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> ==Projects== H2O Africa take part for these projects: *'''Global Youth Initiative For Clean Water''': H2O Africa dey help Ryan's Well Foundation raise money for this project by matching every donation dollar-for-dollar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |title=H2O Africa Partnership Project |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827002639/http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |archive-date=2007-08-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Di goal of di project be to improve health, wellbeing and sanitation for between 15 and 20 schools for Lira and Oyam districts inside Lango sub-region of Uganda. Apart from that, di project go also provide hygiene and environmental sanitation training for 90 schools inside di two districts, rehabilitate or build 25 clean water sources, and build 10 ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines. Construction suppose start for September 2007. *'''Route Nations''': H2O Africa, together with UNDP, dey build one water tower and two water fountains for di village of Néré Walo, Mauritania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |title=Project Update - Route Nations |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718210710/http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |archive-date=2007-07-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of August 2007, di project nearly finish. *'''Millennium Village''': H2O Africa partner with Millennium Promise to raise money for di Millennium Village project for Timbuktu, Mali. Di project dey support different initiatives wey go improve di local economy for areas like energy, infrastructure, nutrition services and gender equality.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions Millennium Promise - Interventions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions |date=2007-08-14 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> As of August 2007, di project don receive 22% of di $1,750,000 funding target. *'''Central African Republic Well Project''': H2O Africa join hands with Living Water International to build 20 new wells for Central African Republic. Dem also go provide support for these wells for five years. Di project still aim to help communities manage dia water resources better during this period. H2O Africa commit $100,000 to di project and also promise say dem go match another $100,000 wey people donate. As of August 2007, di organisation don raise 72% of di funding target. *'''L'Desh Fresh''': Millions of people around di world don search for am, and e finally enter di American market for 2009. Parasites, small traces of urine, dirt and arsenic come together to create di natural texture of L'Desh Fresh: ''The World's Most Authentic Drinking Water.'' But where e dey hide all this time? As e enter di market, plenty people dey ask that question. But di truth be say na joke—well, somehow. Sullivan Higdon & Sink (SHS), one award-winning marketing and advertising agency for Kansas City, create di L'Desh Fresh campaign for Water.org, one international non-profit organisation based for Kansas City. For almost twenty years, Water.org don dey work to provide safe drinking water and sanitation for people wey dey developing countries. SHS support di mission by creating this awareness campaign free of charge (pro bono). ==Charitable partners== * ONEXONE * Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund * ONE Campaign * A Glimmer of Hope Foundation * United Nations Development Programme * Millennium Promise * Ryan's Well Foundation ==External links== * [http://www.aglimmerofhope.org A Glimmer of Hope Foundation] * [http://www.h2oafrica.org/ H2O Africa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070720135346/http://www.water.cc/main.aspx Living Water International] * [http://www.millenniumpromise.org Millennium Promise] * [http://www.onexonecampaign.com OneXOne Campaign] * [http://www.rcgf.org Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070106080221/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/runningthesahara/ Running the Sahara] ==References== {{DEFAULTSORT:H2o Africa Foundation}} gm6t0n9lrntofgp90tj0hb81d96ifho 106414 106413 2026-07-08T15:20:27Z DaSupremo 9 /* Projects */ Make sum corrections 106414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''H2O Africa Foundation''' na e be an NGO wey Matt Damon found to raise awareness about clean water initiatives insyd [[Africa]]. Na e be part of de Running the Sahara expedition den documentary project wey Damon, James Moll, LivePlanet, den de Independent Producers Alliance undertake. Insyd July 2009, de H2O Africa Foundation merge plus WaterPartners to form Water.org, an organization wey Matt Damon den Gary White of WaterPartners co-found.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Damon joins K.C. organization to provide for developing communities - Columbia Missourian |url=http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120225000821/http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |archive-date=2012-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=www.columbiamissourian.com}}</ref> ==History== Wen Matt Damon den ein producing partners Marc Joubert, Larry Tanz, den Keith Quinn start dey work on planning de expedition den film for Running the Sahara, Damon get de idea of starting a charitable initiative. E be informally launched insyd de spring of 2006, wey dem hire Richard Klopp as launch executive director.<ref>[http://archive.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2006/09/12/damon_spices_up_fund_raiser/ Damon spices up fund-raiser - The Boston Globe]</ref> Wen film financier IPA cam on board de foundation officially be named H2O Africa wey na dem announce on September 10, 2006 during a ONEXONE event at de Toronto International Film Festival.<ref>[http://www.globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php Actor Matt Damon aims to create public awareness of the water crisis with H2O Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011121832/http://globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php |date=2007-10-11 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> Na dem start am as de charitable arm of de Running the Sahara film project, plus de goal of raising money den awareness for organizations such as de United Nations Development Programme Clean Water Initiative, Living Water International, den de Millennium Promise project. On May 29, 2007, H2O Africa announce a new partnership plus de Ryan's Well Foundation.<ref>[http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm Ryan's Well Foundation and the H2O Africa Foundation Announce Partnership for Clean Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824175320/http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm |date=2007-08-24 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.positivenews.org.uk/artman/publish/article_1238.shtml Ryan's Well and H2O Africa Join Forces For Clean Water] retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> ==Projects== H2O Africa take part for dese projects: *'''Global Youth Initiative For Clean Water''': H2O Africa help Ryan's Well Foundation raise money for dis project by matching every donation dollar-for-dollar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |title=H2O Africa Partnership Project |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827002639/http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |archive-date=2007-08-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> De goal of de project be to improve health, wellbeing den sanitation for between 15 den 20 schools give Lira den Oyam districts insyd Lango sub-region of [[Uganda]]. Apart from dat, de project sanso go provide hygiene den environmental sanitation training give 90 schools insyd de two districts, rehabilitate anaa build 25 clean water sources, den build 10 ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines. Construction suppose start for September 2007. *'''Route Nations''': H2O Africa, togeda plus UNDP, dem build one water tower den two water fountains for de village of Néré Walo, [[Mauritania]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |title=Project Update - Route Nations |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718210710/http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |archive-date=2007-07-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of August 2007, de project nearly finish. *'''Millennium Village''': H2O Africa partner plus Millennium Promise to raise money for de Millennium Village project for Timbuktu, [[Mali]]. De project dey support different initiatives wey go improve de local economy for areas like energy, infrastructure, nutrition services den gender equality.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions Millennium Promise - Interventions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions |date=2007-08-14 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> As of August 2007, de project receive 22% of de $1,750,000 funding target. *'''Central African Republic Well Project''': H2O Africa join hands plus Living Water International to build 20 new wells for [[Central African Republic]]. Dem sanso go provide support for dese wells for five years. De project still aim to help communities manage dema water resources better during dis period. H2O Africa commit $100,000 to de project wey dem sanso promise say dem go match another $100,000 wey people donate. As of August 2007, de organisation raise 72% of de funding target. *'''L'Desh Fresh''': Millions of people around de world search for am, wey e finally enter de American market for 2009. Parasites, small traces of urine, dirt den arsenic cam togeda to create de natural texture of L'Desh Fresh: ''The World's Most Authentic Drinking Water.'' Buh wer e dey hide all dis time? As e enter de market, plenty people dey ask dat question. But de truth be say e be joke—well, somehow. Sullivan Higdon & Sink (SHS), one award-winning marketing den advertising agency for Kansas City, create de L'Desh Fresh campaign for Water.org, one international non-profit organisation based for Kansas City. For almost twenty years, Water.org dey work to provide safe drinking water den sanitation give people wey dey developing countries. SHS support de mission by creating dis awareness campaign free of charge (pro bono). ==Charitable partners== * ONEXONE * Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund * ONE Campaign * A Glimmer of Hope Foundation * United Nations Development Programme * Millennium Promise * Ryan's Well Foundation ==External links== * [http://www.aglimmerofhope.org A Glimmer of Hope Foundation] * [http://www.h2oafrica.org/ H2O Africa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070720135346/http://www.water.cc/main.aspx Living Water International] * [http://www.millenniumpromise.org Millennium Promise] * [http://www.onexonecampaign.com OneXOne Campaign] * [http://www.rcgf.org Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070106080221/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/runningthesahara/ Running the Sahara] ==References== {{DEFAULTSORT:H2o Africa Foundation}} 3kud11awye0bpakapiegczvfvs3v1gf 106415 106414 2026-07-08T15:26:31Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 106415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''H2O Africa Foundation''' na e be an NGO wey Matt Damon found to raise awareness about clean water initiatives insyd [[Africa]]. Na e be part of de Running the Sahara expedition den documentary project wey Damon, James Moll, LivePlanet, den de Independent Producers Alliance undertake. Insyd July 2009, de H2O Africa Foundation merge plus WaterPartners to form Water.org, an organization wey Matt Damon den Gary White of WaterPartners co-found.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Damon joins K.C. organization to provide for developing communities - Columbia Missourian |url=http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120225000821/http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |archive-date=2012-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=www.columbiamissourian.com}}</ref> ==History== Wen Matt Damon den ein producing partners Marc Joubert, Larry Tanz, den Keith Quinn start dey work on planning de expedition den film for Running the Sahara, Damon get de idea of starting a charitable initiative. E be informally launched insyd de spring of 2006, wey dem hire Richard Klopp as launch executive director.<ref>[http://archive.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2006/09/12/damon_spices_up_fund_raiser/ Damon spices up fund-raiser - The Boston Globe]</ref> Wen film financier IPA cam on board de foundation officially be named H2O Africa wey na dem announce on September 10, 2006 during a ONEXONE event at de Toronto International Film Festival.<ref>[http://www.globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php Actor Matt Damon aims to create public awareness of the water crisis with H2O Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011121832/http://globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php |date=2007-10-11 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> Na dem start am as de charitable arm of de Running the Sahara film project, plus de goal of raising money den awareness for organizations such as de United Nations Development Programme Clean Water Initiative, Living Water International, den de Millennium Promise project. On May 29, 2007, H2O Africa announce a new partnership plus de Ryan's Well Foundation.<ref>[http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm Ryan's Well Foundation and the H2O Africa Foundation Announce Partnership for Clean Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824175320/http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm |date=2007-08-24 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.positivenews.org.uk/artman/publish/article_1238.shtml Ryan's Well and H2O Africa Join Forces For Clean Water] retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> ==Projects== H2O Africa take part for dese projects: *'''Global Youth Initiative For Clean Water''': H2O Africa help Ryan's Well Foundation raise money for dis project by matching every donation dollar-for-dollar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |title=H2O Africa Partnership Project |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827002639/http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |archive-date=2007-08-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> De goal of de project be to improve health, wellbeing den sanitation for between 15 den 20 schools give Lira den Oyam districts insyd Lango sub-region of [[Uganda]]. Apart from dat, de project sanso go provide hygiene den environmental sanitation training give 90 schools insyd de two districts, rehabilitate anaa build 25 clean water sources, den build 10 ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines. Construction suppose start for September 2007. *'''Route Nations''': H2O Africa, togeda plus UNDP, dem build one water tower den two water fountains for de village of Néré Walo, [[Mauritania]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |title=Project Update - Route Nations |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718210710/http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |archive-date=2007-07-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of August 2007, de project nearly finish. *'''Millennium Village''': H2O Africa partner plus Millennium Promise to raise money for de Millennium Village project for Timbuktu, [[Mali]]. De project dey support different initiatives wey go improve de local economy for areas like energy, infrastructure, nutrition services den gender equality.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions Millennium Promise - Interventions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions |date=2007-08-14 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> As of August 2007, de project receive 22% of de $1,750,000 funding target. *'''Central African Republic Well Project''': H2O Africa join hands plus Living Water International to build 20 new wells for [[Central African Republic]]. Dem sanso go provide support for dese wells for five years. De project still aim to help communities manage dema water resources better during dis period. H2O Africa commit $100,000 to de project wey dem sanso promise say dem go match another $100,000 wey people donate. As of August 2007, de organisation raise 72% of de funding target. *'''L'Desh Fresh''': Millions of people around de world search for am, wey e finally enter de American market for 2009. Parasites, small traces of urine, dirt den arsenic cam togeda to create de natural texture of L'Desh Fresh: ''The World's Most Authentic Drinking Water.'' Buh wer e dey hide all dis time? As e enter de market, plenty people dey ask dat question. But de truth be say e be joke—well, somehow. Sullivan Higdon & Sink (SHS), one award-winning marketing den advertising agency for Kansas City, create de L'Desh Fresh campaign for Water.org, one international non-profit organisation based for Kansas City. For almost twenty years, Water.org dey work to provide safe drinking water den sanitation give people wey dey developing countries. SHS support de mission by creating dis awareness campaign free of charge (pro bono). ==Charitable partners== * ONEXONE * Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund * ONE Campaign * A Glimmer of Hope Foundation * United Nations Development Programme * Millennium Promise * Ryan's Well Foundation ==References== <references /> ==External links== * [http://www.aglimmerofhope.org A Glimmer of Hope Foundation] * [http://www.h2oafrica.org/ H2O Africa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070720135346/http://www.water.cc/main.aspx Living Water International] * [http://www.millenniumpromise.org Millennium Promise] * [http://www.onexonecampaign.com OneXOne Campaign] * [http://www.rcgf.org Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070106080221/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/runningthesahara/ Running the Sahara] {{DEFAULTSORT:H2o Africa Foundation}} [[Category:Defunct non-profit organizations based insyd de United States]] [[Category:Matt Damon]] [[Category:Organizations dem establish insyd 2006]] [[Category:Organizations dem disestablish insyd 2009]] [[Category:Water-related charities]] nyzjtfelsmnhbyu1tx2watsr38stxki 106442 106415 2026-07-09T09:54:44Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''H2O Africa Foundation''' na e be an NGO wey Matt Damon found to raise awareness about clean water initiatives insyd [[Africa]]. Na e be part of de Running the Sahara expedition den documentary project wey Damon, James Moll, LivePlanet, den de Independent Producers Alliance undertake. Insyd July 2009, de H2O Africa Foundation merge plus WaterPartners to form Water.org, an organization wey Matt Damon den Gary White of WaterPartners co-found.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Damon joins K.C. organization to provide for developing communities - Columbia Missourian |url=http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120225000821/http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |archive-date=2012-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=www.columbiamissourian.com}}</ref> ==History== Wen Matt Damon den ein producing partners Marc Joubert, Larry Tanz, den Keith Quinn start dey work on planning de expedition den film for Running the Sahara, Damon get de idea of starting a charitable initiative. E be informally launched insyd de spring of 2006, wey dem hire Richard Klopp as launch executive director.<ref>[http://archive.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2006/09/12/damon_spices_up_fund_raiser/ Damon spices up fund-raiser - The Boston Globe]</ref> Wen film financier IPA cam on board de foundation officially be named H2O Africa wey na dem announce on September 10, 2006 during a ONEXONE event at de Toronto International Film Festival.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080422082546/http://www.globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php Actor Matt Damon aims to create public awareness of the water crisis with H2O Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011121832/http://globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php |date=2007-10-11 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> Na dem start am as de charitable arm of de Running the Sahara film project, plus de goal of raising money den awareness for organizations such as de United Nations Development Programme Clean Water Initiative, Living Water International, den de Millennium Promise project. On May 29, 2007, H2O Africa announce a new partnership plus de Ryan's Well Foundation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070824175320/http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm Ryan's Well Foundation and the H2O Africa Foundation Announce Partnership for Clean Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824175320/http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm |date=2007-08-24 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929081014/http://www.positivenews.org.uk/artman/publish/article_1238.shtml Ryan's Well and H2O Africa Join Forces For Clean Water] retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> ==Projects== H2O Africa take part for dese projects: *'''Global Youth Initiative For Clean Water''': H2O Africa help Ryan's Well Foundation raise money for dis project by matching every donation dollar-for-dollar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |title=H2O Africa Partnership Project |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827002639/http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |archive-date=2007-08-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> De goal of de project be to improve health, wellbeing den sanitation for between 15 den 20 schools give Lira den Oyam districts insyd Lango sub-region of [[Uganda]]. Apart from dat, de project sanso go provide hygiene den environmental sanitation training give 90 schools insyd de two districts, rehabilitate anaa build 25 clean water sources, den build 10 ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines. Construction suppose start for September 2007. *'''Route Nations''': H2O Africa, togeda plus UNDP, dem build one water tower den two water fountains for de village of Néré Walo, [[Mauritania]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |title=Project Update - Route Nations |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718210710/http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |archive-date=2007-07-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of August 2007, de project nearly finish. *'''Millennium Village''': H2O Africa partner plus Millennium Promise to raise money for de Millennium Village project for Timbuktu, [[Mali]]. De project dey support different initiatives wey go improve de local economy for areas like energy, infrastructure, nutrition services den gender equality.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions Millennium Promise - Interventions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions |date=2007-08-14 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> As of August 2007, de project receive 22% of de $1,750,000 funding target. *'''Central African Republic Well Project''': H2O Africa join hands plus Living Water International to build 20 new wells for [[Central African Republic]]. Dem sanso go provide support for dese wells for five years. De project still aim to help communities manage dema water resources better during dis period. H2O Africa commit $100,000 to de project wey dem sanso promise say dem go match another $100,000 wey people donate. As of August 2007, de organisation raise 72% of de funding target. *'''L'Desh Fresh''': Millions of people around de world search for am, wey e finally enter de American market for 2009. Parasites, small traces of urine, dirt den arsenic cam togeda to create de natural texture of L'Desh Fresh: ''The World's Most Authentic Drinking Water.'' Buh wer e dey hide all dis time? As e enter de market, plenty people dey ask dat question. But de truth be say e be joke—well, somehow. Sullivan Higdon & Sink (SHS), one award-winning marketing den advertising agency for Kansas City, create de L'Desh Fresh campaign for Water.org, one international non-profit organisation based for Kansas City. For almost twenty years, Water.org dey work to provide safe drinking water den sanitation give people wey dey developing countries. SHS support de mission by creating dis awareness campaign free of charge (pro bono). ==Charitable partners== * ONEXONE * Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund * ONE Campaign * A Glimmer of Hope Foundation * United Nations Development Programme * Millennium Promise * Ryan's Well Foundation ==References== <references /> ==External links== * [http://www.aglimmerofhope.org A Glimmer of Hope Foundation] * [http://www.h2oafrica.org/ H2O Africa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070720135346/http://www.water.cc/main.aspx Living Water International] * [http://www.millenniumpromise.org Millennium Promise] * [http://www.onexonecampaign.com OneXOne Campaign] * [http://www.rcgf.org Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070106080221/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/runningthesahara/ Running the Sahara] {{DEFAULTSORT:H2o Africa Foundation}} [[Category:Defunct non-profit organizations based insyd de United States]] [[Category:Matt Damon]] [[Category:Organizations dem establish insyd 2006]] [[Category:Organizations dem disestablish insyd 2009]] [[Category:Water-related charities]] bov6dx1n48lwkvacqqs7pdfdgdx6i8u 0 27916 106420 105834 2026-07-08T16:28:42Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''World Water Day''' be an annual [[United Nations]] (UN) observance day dem hold on 22 March wey dey highlight de importance of fresh water. De day be used to advocate give de sustainable management of [[Water resources|freshwater resources]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=World Water Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/water-day |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> De theme of each year dey focus on topics relevant to [[Drinking water|clean water]], [[sanitation]] den hygiene (WASH), wich be in line plus de targets of [[Sustainable Development Goal 6]].<ref name="JMP2017">{{Cite web |title=SuSanA Library - Sustainable Sanitation Alliance - SuSanA |url=https://www.susana.org/knowledge-hub/resources?id=2805 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=www.susana.org}}</ref> De UN World Water Development Report (WWDR) be released each year around World Water Day. UN-Water be de convener give World Water Day wey dey select de theme for each year in consultation plus UN organizations wey dey share an interest insyd dat year ein focus.<ref name=":0" /> Na de theme for 2021 be "Valuing Water" den de public campaign invite people to join a global conversation on social media to "tell us your stories, thoughts and feelings about water".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=World Water Day|url=https://www.worldwaterday.org/|url-status=live|access-date=21 March 2021|website=UN-Water|archive-date=1 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601030038/https://www.worldwaterday.org/}}</ref> Previous themes dey include: * 2016: “Better Water, Better Jobs”<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Water Day 2016 |url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2016/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20211006194835/http://wwd.unwater.org/2016/ |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=wwd.unwater.org |language=en}}</ref> * 2017: “Why Waste Water?”<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=World Water Day theme (2017) |url=http://worldwaterday.org/2017/theme/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012175433/http://worldwaterday.org/2017/theme/ |archive-date=12 October 2018 |access-date=21 March 2018 |publisher=UN-Water}}</ref> * 2018: “The Answer is in Nature”<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Water Day 22 March – the United Nations |url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2018/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220118042615/http://wwd.unwater.org/2018/ |archive-date=2022-01-18 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=World Water Day Official |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2019: “Leaving No One Behind”<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=World Water Day Theme 2019 |url=https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/world-water-day-2019-water-for-all/2019/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=8 July 2026 |website=UN Water}}</ref> * 2020: "Water and Climate Change"<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=|date=2020|title=World Water Day 2020 – Water and Climate Change|url=https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/|url-status=live|access-date=21 March 2021|website=UN-Water|language=en-US|archive-date=6 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306163004/https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/}}</ref> * 2021: Valuing Water * 2022: Groundwater * 2023: Accelerating Change * 2024: Leveraging Water for Peace * 2025: Glacier Preservation * 2026: Water and Gender<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unwater.org/our-work/world-water-day | title=World Water Day | publisher=UN | accessdate=14 March 2026}}</ref> World Water Day be celebrated around de world plus a variety of events. Dese fi be theatrical, musical anaa lobbying in nature. De day sanso fi include campaigns to raise money for water projects. De first World Water Day wey de United Nations designate be insyd 1993.<ref name=":0" /> == References == ota6xmm8h04u0nk4uuiojttsood1lzj 106421 106420 2026-07-08T16:37:37Z DaSupremo 9 /* Annual themes */ Improve article 106421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''World Water Day''' be an annual [[United Nations]] (UN) observance day dem hold on 22 March wey dey highlight de importance of fresh water. De day be used to advocate give de sustainable management of [[Water resources|freshwater resources]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=World Water Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/water-day |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> De theme of each year dey focus on topics relevant to [[Drinking water|clean water]], [[sanitation]] den hygiene (WASH), wich be in line plus de targets of [[Sustainable Development Goal 6]].<ref name="JMP2017">{{Cite web |title=SuSanA Library - Sustainable Sanitation Alliance - SuSanA |url=https://www.susana.org/knowledge-hub/resources?id=2805 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=www.susana.org}}</ref> De UN World Water Development Report (WWDR) be released each year around World Water Day. UN-Water be de convener give World Water Day wey dey select de theme for each year in consultation plus UN organizations wey dey share an interest insyd dat year ein focus.<ref name=":0" /> Na de theme for 2021 be "Valuing Water" den de public campaign invite people to join a global conversation on social media to "tell us your stories, thoughts and feelings about water".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=World Water Day|url=https://www.worldwaterday.org/|url-status=live|access-date=21 March 2021|website=UN-Water|archive-date=1 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601030038/https://www.worldwaterday.org/}}</ref> Previous themes dey include: * 2016: “Better Water, Better Jobs”<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Water Day 2016 |url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2016/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20211006194835/http://wwd.unwater.org/2016/ |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=wwd.unwater.org |language=en}}</ref> * 2017: “Why Waste Water?”<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=World Water Day theme (2017) |url=http://worldwaterday.org/2017/theme/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012175433/http://worldwaterday.org/2017/theme/ |archive-date=12 October 2018 |access-date=21 March 2018 |publisher=UN-Water}}</ref> * 2018: “The Answer is in Nature”<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Water Day 22 March – the United Nations |url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2018/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220118042615/http://wwd.unwater.org/2018/ |archive-date=2022-01-18 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=World Water Day Official |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2019: “Leaving No One Behind”<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=World Water Day Theme 2019 |url=https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/world-water-day-2019-water-for-all/2019/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=8 July 2026 |website=UN Water}}</ref> * 2020: "Water and Climate Change"<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=|date=2020|title=World Water Day 2020 – Water and Climate Change|url=https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/|url-status=live|access-date=21 March 2021|website=UN-Water|language=en-US|archive-date=6 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306163004/https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/}}</ref> * 2021: Valuing Water * 2022: Groundwater * 2023: Accelerating Change * 2024: Leveraging Water for Peace * 2025: Glacier Preservation * 2026: Water and Gender<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unwater.org/our-work/world-water-day | title=World Water Day | publisher=UN | accessdate=14 March 2026}}</ref> World Water Day be celebrated around de world plus a variety of events. Dese fi be theatrical, musical anaa lobbying in nature. De day sanso fi include campaigns to raise money for water projects. De first World Water Day wey de United Nations designate be insyd 1993.<ref name=":0" /> == Annual themes == === Prior to 2014 === In de years prior to 2014, na de annual themes be as follows:<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unwater.org/what-we-do/inspire-action/|title=UN Water What We Do, Inspire Action (Official themes and previous campaigns)|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118205639/http://www.unwater.org/what-we-do/inspire-action/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 1994: Caring for our Water Resources is Everybody's Business * 1995: Women and Water * 1996: Water for Thirsty Cities * 1997: The World's Water: Is there enough? * America ad: Water for Health * 2002: Water for Development. * 2003: Water for Future. * 2004: Water and Disasters. * 2005: Water for Life Decade 2005–2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/|title=UN Decade for Water 2005–2015|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=10 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010070334/http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2006: Water and Culture. * 2007: Coping With Water Scarcity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2007/|title=World Water Day 2007|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=21 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321130922/http://wwd.unwater.org/2007/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:World Water Day (3384841410).jpg|thumb|World Water Day 2009: US soldiers dey clean a river insyd South Korea]] * 2008: [[Sanitation]]. 2008 sanso be de International Year of Sanitation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2008/|title=World Water Day 2008|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=20 March 2018|archive-date=21 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321130639/http://wwd.unwater.org/2008/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2009: Trans Waters. Special focus dem place on trans-boundary waters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2009/|title=World Water Day 2009|website=World Water Day 2009|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=21 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321130924/http://wwd.unwater.org/2009/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2010: Clean Water for a Healthy World.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2010/|title=World Water Day 2010|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> * 2011: Water for cities: responding to the urban challenge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2011/|title=World Water Day 2011|website=World Water Day|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=9 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309104949/http://wwd.unwater.org/2011/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2012: Water and Food Security: The World is Thirsty Because We are Hungry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2012/|title=World Water Day 2012|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=9 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309095102/http://wwd.unwater.org/2012/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2013: International Year of Cooperation. === 2014 – Water and Energy<ref name="UN2016">{{Cite book|url=https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/pdf/final_report_wwd2014_journalist_workshop.pdf|title=Water and Energy Report on the Journalists Workshop|publisher=UNW-DPAC|year=2014|access-date=29 June 2017|archive-date=29 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829180631/http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/pdf/final_report_wwd2014_journalist_workshop.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> === === 2015 – Water and Sustainable Development<ref name="UNWATER">{{Cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2015/|title=World Water Day 2015|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> === === 2016 – Better Water, Better Jobs<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/sector/WCMS_458061/lang--en/index.htm|title=Event to mark World Water Day 2016 and launch the World Water Development Report|website=International Labour Organisation|date=22 March 2016|access-date=20 March 2018|archive-date=21 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321192648/http://www.ilo.org/sector/WCMS_458061/lang--en/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> === === 2017 – Why Waste Water?<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=UN World Water Development Report 2017 |url=https://www.unwater.org/publications/un-world-water-development-report-2017 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=UN-Water |language=en}}</ref> === === 2018 – Nature for Water<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2018/|title=World Water Day Theme (2018)|website=UN Water|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006131319/http://wwd.unwater.org/2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === === 2019 – Leaving No One Behind<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=World Water Day Theme 2019|url=https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/world-water-day-2019-water-for-all/2019/|url-status=live|access-date=22 March 2021|website=UN Water|archive-date=6 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306162732/https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/world-water-day-2019-water-for-all/2019/}}</ref><ref name="WWDR2019">{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/water-security/wwap/wwdr/2019|title=United Nations World Water Development Report|website=Unesco|date=11 February 2019|access-date=25 April 2019|archive-date=29 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129001038/https://en.unesco.org/themes/water-security/wwap/wwdr/2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldwaterday.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/WWD2019_factsheet_EN_vs4_29Jan2019.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124114/http://www.worldwaterday.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/WWD2019_factsheet_EN_vs4_29Jan2019.pdf |archive-date=9 February 2019 |title=World Water Day 2019 Factsheet|website=UN Water|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> === === 2020 – Water and Climate Change<ref name=":6" /> === === 2021 – Valuing Water<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-22|title=World Water Day 2021: Date, Theme, History, Slogan, Quotes, Significance|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/world-water-day/|access-date=2021-03-22|website=S A NEWS|language=en-US|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322123716/https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/world-water-day/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://twitter.com/hashtag/water2me?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Ehashtag #Water2me]</ref> === === 2022 – Groundwater, Making the Invisible Visible<ref>{{cite web |title="Groundwater: Making the Invisible Visible" the theme of World Water Day 2022 {{!}} IGRAC |url=https://www.un-igrac.org/news/groundwater-making-invisible-visible-theme-world-water-day-2022 |website=www.un-igrac.org |access-date=6 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106162855/https://www.un-igrac.org/news/groundwater-making-invisible-visible-theme-world-water-day-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Groundwater Summit {{!}} IGRAC |url=http://www.groundwater-summit.org/ |website=www.un-igrac.org |language=en |access-date=20 February 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128071722/https://groundwater-summit.org/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> === === 2023 – Accelerating Change === === 2024 – Water for Prosperity and Peace === === 2025 - Glacier preservation<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nations |first=United |title=World Water Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/water-day |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> === === 2026 - Water and Gender<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nations |first=United |title=World Water Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/water-day |access-date=2026-06-05 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nations |first=United |title=World Water Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/water-day |access-date=2026-06-05 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> === == References == <references /> == External links == 951qxwp6cpnr3rgrlf1mru2hrsdm9wi 106422 106421 2026-07-08T16:40:35Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 106422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''World Water Day''' be an annual [[United Nations]] (UN) observance day dem hold on 22 March wey dey highlight de importance of fresh water. De day be used to advocate give de sustainable management of [[Water resources|freshwater resources]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=World Water Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/water-day |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> De theme of each year dey focus on topics relevant to [[Drinking water|clean water]], [[sanitation]] den hygiene (WASH), wich be in line plus de targets of [[Sustainable Development Goal 6]].<ref name="JMP2017">{{Cite web |title=SuSanA Library - Sustainable Sanitation Alliance - SuSanA |url=https://www.susana.org/knowledge-hub/resources?id=2805 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=www.susana.org}}</ref> De UN World Water Development Report (WWDR) be released each year around World Water Day. UN-Water be de convener give World Water Day wey dey select de theme for each year in consultation plus UN organizations wey dey share an interest insyd dat year ein focus.<ref name=":0" /> Na de theme for 2021 be "Valuing Water" den de public campaign invite people to join a global conversation on social media to "tell us your stories, thoughts and feelings about water".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=World Water Day|url=https://www.worldwaterday.org/|url-status=live|access-date=21 March 2021|website=UN-Water|archive-date=1 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601030038/https://www.worldwaterday.org/}}</ref> Previous themes dey include: * 2016: “Better Water, Better Jobs”<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Water Day 2016 |url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2016/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20211006194835/http://wwd.unwater.org/2016/ |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=wwd.unwater.org |language=en}}</ref> * 2017: “Why Waste Water?”<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=World Water Day theme (2017) |url=http://worldwaterday.org/2017/theme/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012175433/http://worldwaterday.org/2017/theme/ |archive-date=12 October 2018 |access-date=21 March 2018 |publisher=UN-Water}}</ref> * 2018: “The Answer is in Nature”<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Water Day 22 March – the United Nations |url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2018/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220118042615/http://wwd.unwater.org/2018/ |archive-date=2022-01-18 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=World Water Day Official |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2019: “Leaving No One Behind”<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=World Water Day Theme 2019 |url=https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/world-water-day-2019-water-for-all/2019/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=8 July 2026 |website=UN Water}}</ref> * 2020: "Water and Climate Change"<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=|date=2020|title=World Water Day 2020 – Water and Climate Change|url=https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/|url-status=live|access-date=21 March 2021|website=UN-Water|language=en-US|archive-date=6 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306163004/https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/}}</ref> * 2021: Valuing Water * 2022: Groundwater * 2023: Accelerating Change * 2024: Leveraging Water for Peace * 2025: Glacier Preservation * 2026: Water and Gender<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unwater.org/our-work/world-water-day | title=World Water Day | publisher=UN | accessdate=14 March 2026}}</ref> World Water Day be celebrated around de world plus a variety of events. Dese fi be theatrical, musical anaa lobbying in nature. De day sanso fi include campaigns to raise money for water projects. De first World Water Day wey de United Nations designate be insyd 1993.<ref name=":0" /> == Annual themes == === Prior to 2014 === In de years prior to 2014, na de annual themes be as follows:<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unwater.org/what-we-do/inspire-action/|title=UN Water What We Do, Inspire Action (Official themes and previous campaigns)|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118205639/http://www.unwater.org/what-we-do/inspire-action/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 1994: Caring for our Water Resources is Everybody's Business * 1995: Women and Water * 1996: Water for Thirsty Cities * 1997: The World's Water: Is there enough? * America ad: Water for Health * 2002: Water for Development. * 2003: Water for Future. * 2004: Water and Disasters. * 2005: Water for Life Decade 2005–2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/|title=UN Decade for Water 2005–2015|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=10 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010070334/http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2006: Water and Culture. * 2007: Coping With Water Scarcity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2007/|title=World Water Day 2007|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=21 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321130922/http://wwd.unwater.org/2007/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:World Water Day (3384841410).jpg|thumb|World Water Day 2009: US soldiers dey clean a river insyd South Korea]] * 2008: [[Sanitation]]. 2008 sanso be de International Year of Sanitation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2008/|title=World Water Day 2008|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=20 March 2018|archive-date=21 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321130639/http://wwd.unwater.org/2008/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2009: Trans Waters. Special focus dem place on trans-boundary waters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2009/|title=World Water Day 2009|website=World Water Day 2009|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=21 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321130924/http://wwd.unwater.org/2009/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2010: Clean Water for a Healthy World.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2010/|title=World Water Day 2010|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> * 2011: Water for cities: responding to the urban challenge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2011/|title=World Water Day 2011|website=World Water Day|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=9 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309104949/http://wwd.unwater.org/2011/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2012: Water and Food Security: The World is Thirsty Because We are Hungry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2012/|title=World Water Day 2012|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=9 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309095102/http://wwd.unwater.org/2012/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2013: International Year of Cooperation. === 2014 – Water and Energy<ref name="UN2016">{{Cite book|url=https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/pdf/final_report_wwd2014_journalist_workshop.pdf|title=Water and Energy Report on the Journalists Workshop|publisher=UNW-DPAC|year=2014|access-date=29 June 2017|archive-date=29 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829180631/http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/pdf/final_report_wwd2014_journalist_workshop.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> === === 2015 – Water and Sustainable Development<ref name="UNWATER">{{Cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2015/|title=World Water Day 2015|publisher=UN-Water|access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> === === 2016 – Better Water, Better Jobs<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/sector/WCMS_458061/lang--en/index.htm|title=Event to mark World Water Day 2016 and launch the World Water Development Report|website=International Labour Organisation|date=22 March 2016|access-date=20 March 2018|archive-date=21 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321192648/http://www.ilo.org/sector/WCMS_458061/lang--en/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> === === 2017 – Why Waste Water?<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=UN World Water Development Report 2017 |url=https://www.unwater.org/publications/un-world-water-development-report-2017 |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=UN-Water |language=en}}</ref> === === 2018 – Nature for Water<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://wwd.unwater.org/2018/|title=World Water Day Theme (2018)|website=UN Water|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006131319/http://wwd.unwater.org/2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === === 2019 – Leaving No One Behind<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=World Water Day Theme 2019|url=https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/world-water-day-2019-water-for-all/2019/|url-status=live|access-date=22 March 2021|website=UN Water|archive-date=6 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306162732/https://archive.worldwaterday.org/2020/world-water-day-2019-water-for-all/2019/}}</ref><ref name="WWDR2019">{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/water-security/wwap/wwdr/2019|title=United Nations World Water Development Report|website=Unesco|date=11 February 2019|access-date=25 April 2019|archive-date=29 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129001038/https://en.unesco.org/themes/water-security/wwap/wwdr/2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldwaterday.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/WWD2019_factsheet_EN_vs4_29Jan2019.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124114/http://www.worldwaterday.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/WWD2019_factsheet_EN_vs4_29Jan2019.pdf |archive-date=9 February 2019 |title=World Water Day 2019 Factsheet|website=UN Water|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> === === 2020 – Water and Climate Change<ref name=":6" /> === === 2021 – Valuing Water<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-22|title=World Water Day 2021: Date, Theme, History, Slogan, Quotes, Significance|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/world-water-day/|access-date=2021-03-22|website=S A NEWS|language=en-US|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322123716/https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/world-water-day/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://twitter.com/hashtag/water2me?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Ehashtag #Water2me]</ref> === === 2022 – Groundwater, Making the Invisible Visible<ref>{{cite web |title="Groundwater: Making the Invisible Visible" the theme of World Water Day 2022 {{!}} IGRAC |url=https://www.un-igrac.org/news/groundwater-making-invisible-visible-theme-world-water-day-2022 |website=www.un-igrac.org |access-date=6 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106162855/https://www.un-igrac.org/news/groundwater-making-invisible-visible-theme-world-water-day-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Groundwater Summit {{!}} IGRAC |url=http://www.groundwater-summit.org/ |website=www.un-igrac.org |language=en |access-date=20 February 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128071722/https://groundwater-summit.org/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> === === 2023 – Accelerating Change === === 2024 – Water for Prosperity and Peace === === 2025 - Glacier preservation<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nations |first=United |title=World Water Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/water-day |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> === === 2026 - Water and Gender<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nations |first=United |title=World Water Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/water-day |access-date=2026-06-05 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nations |first=United |title=World Water Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/water-day |access-date=2026-06-05 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> === == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.worldwaterday.org World Water Day] – Official website * [https://www.worldwaterday.org/archives Archive of previous World Water Day campaigns] * [http://www.unwater.org UN-Water] * [https://sdg.fairgaze.com/one-day-for-water.html #OneDayForWater] * [https://www.webpakistani.com/world-water-day/ World Water Day] – Complete Information * [https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/water/world-water-day-2024-precious-blue-liquid-is-a-thin-red-line-between-war-and-peace-says-un-report-95176 World Water Day 2024: Precious blue liquid is a thin red line between war and peace, says UN report] [[Category:Environmental awareness days]] [[Category:Health awareness days]] [[Category:March observances]] [[Category:United Nations days]] [[Category:Water den politics]] [[Category:Water den society]] [[Category:Observances about food den drink]] [[Category:Sanitation]] lmlzjtpqiab0hfmrfnfiypz3eun2nbh 0 27917 106433 106173 2026-07-08T17:52:39Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Water politics''', dem samtimes call '''hydropolitics''', be politics wey de availability of [[water]] den [[water resources]] affect, a necessity give all life forms den human development. Arun P. Elhance ein definition of hydropolitics be "de systematic study of conflict den cooperation between states over water resources wey dey transcend international borders".<ref>{{cite book |author=Arun P. Elhance|title=Hydropolitics in the 3rd World: Conflict and cooperation in International River Basins |location=Washington, DC|publisher=US Institute of Peace Press|year=1999|pages=3}}</ref> Mollinga, P. P. dey classify water politics into four categories, "de everyday politics of water resources management", "de politics of water policy insyd de context of sovereign states", "inter-state hydropolitics" den "de global politics of water".<ref>Mollinga, P. P., 2008. " Water, politics and development: Framing a political sociology of water resources management." ''Water alternatives'', 1(1), 7., 12</ref> De availability of [[drinking water]] per capita be inadequate den shrinking worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/world-s-supply-of-fresh-water-shrinking-dramatically-report-1.384437 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703050705/http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2003/03/05/water_report030305.html |url-status=live |archive-date=July 3, 2007 |publisher=CBC News |title=World's supply of fresh water shrinking dramatically: report |date=March 5, 2003}}</ref> De causes, dem relate to both quantity den quality, be chaw den varied; dem include local scarcity, limited availability den population pressures,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reportsyndication.news.blog/2019/10/12/the-coming-wars-for-water/|title=The Coming Wars for Water|date=October 12, 2019|website=Report Syndication}}</ref> buh sanso human activities of mass consumption, misuse, environmental degradation den [[water pollution]], as well as [[climate change]]. Water be a strategic natural resource, den scarcity of potable water be a frequent contributor to political conflicts thru out de world. Plus decreasing availability den increasing demand for water, sam predict say clean water go cam be de "next oil"; wey dey make countries like [[Canada]], [[Chile]], Norway, Colombia den [[Peru]], plus dis resource in abundance, de water-rich countries insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldwater.org/data20062007/Table1.pdf |title=Total Renewable Fresh Water Supply By Country |access-date=2008-04-18 |archive-date=2008-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516055735/http://worldwater.org/data20062007/Table1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ec/wpapers/kerp0219.pdf Peter Lawrence et al. "The Water Poverty Index : an International Comparison", Keele Economics Research Papers, 2002]</ref><ref>[http://www.worldwater.org/conflict.html A Chronology of Water-Related Conflicts]</ref> De UN World Water Development Report (WWDR, 2003) from de World Water Assessment Program dey indicate say, insyd de next 20 years, de quantity of water available to everyone be predicted to decrease by 30%. Currently, 40% of de world ein inhabitants get insufficient fresh water for minimal hygiene. More dan 2.2 million people die insyd 2000 from diseases related to de consumption of contaminated water anaa [[drought]]. Insyd 2004, de [[United Kingdom|UK]] charity WaterAid report say a kiddie dey die every 15 seconds from easily preventable water-related diseases; often dis dey mean lack of sewage disposal; see toilet. De United Nations Development Program dey sum up world water distribution insyd de 2006 development report: "One part of the world, sustains a designer bottled water market that generates no tangible health benefits, another part suffers acute public health risks because people have to drink water from drains or from lakes and rivers."<ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/report.cfm# UNDP Human Development Report 2006] United Nations Development Programme, 2006.</ref> Fresh water—now more precious dan ever insyd wona history for ein extensive use insyd agriculture, high-tech manufacturing, den energy production— increasingly dey receive attention as a resource wey dey require better management den sustainable use. Riparian water rights cam be issues of international diplomacy, in addition to domestic den regional water rights den politics.<ref>Rahaman, M. M. (Ed.) (2012) Special Issue: [http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=297&year=2012&vol=4&issue=1/2 Water Wars in 21st Century along International Rivers Basins: Speculation or Reality?], ''International Journal of Sustainable Society'', Vol. 4, Nos. 1/2, 193 pages.</ref> World Bank Vice Presido Ismail Serageldin predict, "Many of de wars of de 20th century be about oil, buh wars of de 21st century go be over water unless we change de way we manage water."<ref>Serageldin, I. (2009) '[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7244/full/459163b.html Water: conflicts set to arise within as well as between states]', ''Nature'', Vol. 459, p.163.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=LzvKQT9QJpyrMBm5G3VrTtYfFGfbQlRT9LK7nv5Kn7zym7CZG2VG!-331657331?docId=5008625832 |title=Where Oil and Water Do Mix: Environmental Scarcity and Future Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2017-09-18 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927064300/http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=LzvKQT9QJpyrMBm5G3VrTtYfFGfbQlRT9LK7nv5Kn7zym7CZG2VG!-331657331?docId=5008625832 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dis be debated by sam, however, wey dey argue say disputes over water usually be resolved by diplomacy wey no dey turn into wars.<ref>Barnaby, W., 2009. "Do nations go to war over water?" ''Nature'', Vol. 458, 282–283</ref> Another new school of thought argues that "perceived fears of losing control over shared water might contribute towards a constant preparedness to go to war among riparian nations, just in case there is one".<ref>Rahaman, M.M. (2012) [http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=record&rec_id=44658&prevQuery=&ps=10&m=or Water Wars in 21st Century: Speculation or Reality?], ''International Journal of Sustainable Society'', Vol. 4, Nos. 1/2, pp. 3–10. DOI:10.1504/IJSSOC.2012.044658</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == agpurbmf68rumtmngentzcgjf14701d 106434 106433 2026-07-08T18:41:05Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 106434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Water politics''', dem samtimes call '''hydropolitics''', be politics wey de availability of [[water]] den [[water resources]] affect, a necessity give all life forms den human development. Arun P. Elhance ein definition of hydropolitics be "de systematic study of conflict den cooperation between states over water resources wey dey transcend international borders".<ref>{{cite book |author=Arun P. Elhance|title=Hydropolitics in the 3rd World: Conflict and cooperation in International River Basins |location=Washington, DC|publisher=US Institute of Peace Press|year=1999|pages=3}}</ref> Mollinga, P. P. dey classify water politics into four categories, "de everyday politics of water resources management", "de politics of water policy insyd de context of sovereign states", "inter-state hydropolitics" den "de global politics of water".<ref>Mollinga, P. P., 2008. " Water, politics and development: Framing a political sociology of water resources management." ''Water alternatives'', 1(1), 7., 12</ref> De availability of [[drinking water]] per capita be inadequate den shrinking worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/world-s-supply-of-fresh-water-shrinking-dramatically-report-1.384437 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703050705/http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2003/03/05/water_report030305.html |url-status=live |archive-date=July 3, 2007 |publisher=CBC News |title=World's supply of fresh water shrinking dramatically: report |date=March 5, 2003}}</ref> De causes, dem relate to both quantity den quality, be chaw den varied; dem include local scarcity, limited availability den population pressures,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reportsyndication.news.blog/2019/10/12/the-coming-wars-for-water/|title=The Coming Wars for Water|date=October 12, 2019|website=Report Syndication}}</ref> buh sanso human activities of mass consumption, misuse, environmental degradation den [[water pollution]], as well as [[climate change]]. Water be a strategic natural resource, den scarcity of potable water be a frequent contributor to political conflicts thru out de world. Plus decreasing availability den increasing demand for water, sam predict say clean water go cam be de "next oil"; wey dey make countries like [[Canada]], [[Chile]], Norway, Colombia den [[Peru]], plus dis resource in abundance, de water-rich countries insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldwater.org/data20062007/Table1.pdf |title=Total Renewable Fresh Water Supply By Country |access-date=2008-04-18 |archive-date=2008-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516055735/http://worldwater.org/data20062007/Table1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ec/wpapers/kerp0219.pdf Peter Lawrence et al. "The Water Poverty Index : an International Comparison", Keele Economics Research Papers, 2002]</ref><ref>[http://www.worldwater.org/conflict.html A Chronology of Water-Related Conflicts]</ref> De UN World Water Development Report (WWDR, 2003) from de World Water Assessment Program dey indicate say, insyd de next 20 years, de quantity of water available to everyone be predicted to decrease by 30%. Currently, 40% of de world ein inhabitants get insufficient fresh water for minimal hygiene. More dan 2.2 million people die insyd 2000 from diseases related to de consumption of contaminated water anaa [[drought]]. Insyd 2004, de [[United Kingdom|UK]] charity WaterAid report say a kiddie dey die every 15 seconds from easily preventable water-related diseases; often dis dey mean lack of sewage disposal; see toilet. De United Nations Development Program dey sum up world water distribution insyd de 2006 development report: "One part of the world, sustains a designer bottled water market that generates no tangible health benefits, another part suffers acute public health risks because people have to drink water from drains or from lakes and rivers."<ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/report.cfm# UNDP Human Development Report 2006] United Nations Development Programme, 2006.</ref> Fresh water—now more precious dan ever insyd wona history for ein extensive use insyd agriculture, high-tech manufacturing, den energy production— increasingly dey receive attention as a resource wey dey require better management den sustainable use. Riparian water rights cam be issues of international diplomacy, in addition to domestic den regional water rights den politics.<ref>Rahaman, M. M. (Ed.) (2012) Special Issue: [http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=297&year=2012&vol=4&issue=1/2 Water Wars in 21st Century along International Rivers Basins: Speculation or Reality?], ''International Journal of Sustainable Society'', Vol. 4, Nos. 1/2, 193 pages.</ref> World Bank Vice Presido Ismail Serageldin predict, "Many of de wars of de 20th century be about oil, buh wars of de 21st century go be over water unless we change de way we manage water."<ref>Serageldin, I. (2009) '[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7244/full/459163b.html Water: conflicts set to arise within as well as between states]', ''Nature'', Vol. 459, p.163.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=LzvKQT9QJpyrMBm5G3VrTtYfFGfbQlRT9LK7nv5Kn7zym7CZG2VG!-331657331?docId=5008625832 |title=Where Oil and Water Do Mix: Environmental Scarcity and Future Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2017-09-18 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927064300/http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=LzvKQT9QJpyrMBm5G3VrTtYfFGfbQlRT9LK7nv5Kn7zym7CZG2VG!-331657331?docId=5008625832 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dis be debated by sam, however, wey dey argue say disputes over water usually be resolved by diplomacy wey no dey turn into wars.<ref>Barnaby, W., 2009. "Do nations go to war over water?" ''Nature'', Vol. 458, 282–283</ref> Another new school of thought dey argue say "perceived fears of losing control over shared water might contribute towards a constant preparedness to go to war among riparian nations, just in case there is one".<ref>Rahaman, M.M. (2012) [http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=record&rec_id=44658&prevQuery=&ps=10&m=or Water Wars in 21st Century: Speculation or Reality?], ''International Journal of Sustainable Society'', Vol. 4, Nos. 1/2, pp. 3–10. DOI:10.1504/IJSSOC.2012.044658</ref> == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} *[http://www.isarm.net/ ISARM] Internationally Shared Aquifer Resources Management *[http://clpmag.org/content/contentpages/2008/eastafrica.php Water Wars Multimedia on water scarcity and hydropolitics in East Africa] *[http://english.sviva.gov.il/Enviroment/bin/en.jsp?enPage=e_blankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=Zone&enDispWho=water_top&enZone=water_top& Israel Ministry of the Environment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209193106/http://english.sviva.gov.il/Enviroment/bin/en.jsp?enPage=e_blankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=Zone&enDispWho=water_top&enZone=water_top& |date=2012-02-09 }} *[http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00ic0 Israel's Chronic Water Problem] * [https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/water-and-environmental-racism/ Water and Environmental Racism.] Lesson by Matt Reed and Ursula Wolfe-Rocca. [[Category:Water den politics| ]] pgksxm9g5lthn9bme36ir8tk1f110yh 0 27918 106444 105877 2026-07-09T10:53:47Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Although de [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)]] get [[Africa]] ein largest [[Water resources|freshwater resources]], e dey suffer from an acute [[drinking water]] supply crisis. De DRC get one of de lowest rates of access to clean drinking water insyd Sub-Saharan Africa den de world. 46 percent per of de population get access to an improved drinking water source insyd 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Issues in managing water challenges and policy instruments: Regional perspectives and case studies (PDF) |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1511tn.pdf |access-date=9 July 2026 |website=International Monetary Fund}}</ref> Furthermore, de [[sanitation]] coverage be estimated at only 31 percent insyd 2012.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo|title=UN Data. Democratic Republic of Congo.|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=2016-05-27}}</ref> Up to date den accurate information on water supply den sanitation services insyd de DRC be scarce. As a result of inadequate water supply den sanitation services, chaw inhabitants dey suffer from [[waterborne diseases]], wey dey include diarrhoea, [[Typhoid fever|typhoid]], den [[cholera]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalwateralliance.wordpress.com/2015/07/01/lessons-from-the-drc-the-importance-of-water-infrastructure/|title=Lessons from the DRC: The Importance of Water Infrastructure|last=Alliance|first=Global Water|date=2015-07-01|website=Global Water Alliance|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/14/5/07-1260_article?commit=GO|title=Lakes as Source of Cholera Outbreaks, Democratic Republic of Congo - Volume 14, Number 5—May 2008 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|doi=10.3201/eid1405.071260 |access-date=2016-05-30|last1=Bompangue |first1=Didier |last2=Giraudoux |first2=Patrick |last3=Handschumacher |first3=Pascal |last4=Piarroux |first4=Renaud |last5=Sudre |first5=Bertrand |last6=Ekwanzala |first6=Mosiana |last7=Kebela |first7=Ilunga |last8=Piarroux |first8=Martine |year=2008 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=798–800 |pmid=18439365 |pmc=2600234 }}</ref> [[File:Democratic Republic of the Congo in Africa (-mini map -rivers).svg|thumb|Location of de Democratic Republic of the Congo insyd Africa]] De current water crisis be a result of de deteriorated state of de water infrastructure secof underinvestment insyd de water sector den conflict-related destruction as well as de rapid growth of de population, wich be estimated at 4 percent insyd urban areas den 2.5 percent insyd rural areas by de World Bank insyd 2009.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/UNEP_DRC_water.pdf|title=Water Issues in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Challenges and Opportunities. Technical Report.|last=|first=|date=2011|website=|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)|access-date=|archive-date=2020-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413185644/https://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/UNEP_DRC_water.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo. Water and Sanitation Profile (PDF) |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnado929.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609135412/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO929.pdf |archive-date=9 June 2010 |access-date=9 July 2026 |website=US Aid}}</ref> Overall, de DRC ein water supply den sanitation sector be characterized by several overlapping den conflicting institutional jurisdictions.<ref name=":1" /> Therefore, de water crisis insyd de DRC fi be categorized as an economic water scarcity problem, wey dey hinder development insyd de country.<ref name=":0" /> Article 48 of de 2006 Constitution of de DRC dey recognize de human right to water.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.righttowater.info/progress-so-far/national-legislation-on-the-right-to-water/#DRC|title=The rights to water and sanitation in national law « Rights to Water and Sanitation|website=www.righttowater.info|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref> De rehabilitation den development of de water sector be a priority to wich de national government commit einself insyd de Growth den Poverty Reduction Strategies den to wich e agree as part of de international framework of de UN Millennium Development Goals.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-DRC-En.pdf|title=An AMCOW Country Status Overview. Water Supply and Sanitation in the Democratic Republic of Congo.No water. Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond.|last=|first=|date=2011|website=|publisher=The World Bank. Water and Sanitation Program - Africa Region.|access-date=}}</ref> == References == 60bar1zwdkcimcyj8tja6bak1yj4ijx 106445 106444 2026-07-09T10:56:04Z DaSupremo 9 Add categories 106445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Although de [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)]] get [[Africa]] ein largest [[Water resources|freshwater resources]], e dey suffer from an acute [[drinking water]] supply crisis. De DRC get one of de lowest rates of access to clean drinking water insyd Sub-Saharan Africa den de world. 46 percent per of de population get access to an improved drinking water source insyd 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Issues in managing water challenges and policy instruments: Regional perspectives and case studies (PDF) |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1511tn.pdf |access-date=9 July 2026 |website=International Monetary Fund}}</ref> Furthermore, de [[sanitation]] coverage be estimated at only 31 percent insyd 2012.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo|title=UN Data. Democratic Republic of Congo.|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=2016-05-27}}</ref> Up to date den accurate information on water supply den sanitation services insyd de DRC be scarce. As a result of inadequate water supply den sanitation services, chaw inhabitants dey suffer from [[waterborne diseases]], wey dey include diarrhoea, [[Typhoid fever|typhoid]], den [[cholera]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalwateralliance.wordpress.com/2015/07/01/lessons-from-the-drc-the-importance-of-water-infrastructure/|title=Lessons from the DRC: The Importance of Water Infrastructure|last=Alliance|first=Global Water|date=2015-07-01|website=Global Water Alliance|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/14/5/07-1260_article?commit=GO|title=Lakes as Source of Cholera Outbreaks, Democratic Republic of Congo - Volume 14, Number 5—May 2008 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|doi=10.3201/eid1405.071260 |access-date=2016-05-30|last1=Bompangue |first1=Didier |last2=Giraudoux |first2=Patrick |last3=Handschumacher |first3=Pascal |last4=Piarroux |first4=Renaud |last5=Sudre |first5=Bertrand |last6=Ekwanzala |first6=Mosiana |last7=Kebela |first7=Ilunga |last8=Piarroux |first8=Martine |year=2008 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=798–800 |pmid=18439365 |pmc=2600234 }}</ref> [[File:Democratic Republic of the Congo in Africa (-mini map -rivers).svg|thumb|Location of de Democratic Republic of the Congo insyd Africa]] De current water crisis be a result of de deteriorated state of de water infrastructure secof underinvestment insyd de water sector den conflict-related destruction as well as de rapid growth of de population, wich be estimated at 4 percent insyd urban areas den 2.5 percent insyd rural areas by de World Bank insyd 2009.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/UNEP_DRC_water.pdf|title=Water Issues in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Challenges and Opportunities. Technical Report.|last=|first=|date=2011|website=|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)|access-date=|archive-date=2020-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413185644/https://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/UNEP_DRC_water.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo. Water and Sanitation Profile (PDF) |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnado929.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609135412/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO929.pdf |archive-date=9 June 2010 |access-date=9 July 2026 |website=US Aid}}</ref> Overall, de DRC ein water supply den sanitation sector be characterized by several overlapping den conflicting institutional jurisdictions.<ref name=":1" /> Therefore, de water crisis insyd de DRC fi be categorized as an economic water scarcity problem, wey dey hinder development insyd de country.<ref name=":0" /> Article 48 of de 2006 Constitution of de DRC dey recognize de human right to water.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.righttowater.info/progress-so-far/national-legislation-on-the-right-to-water/#DRC|title=The rights to water and sanitation in national law « Rights to Water and Sanitation|website=www.righttowater.info|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref> De rehabilitation den development of de water sector be a priority to wich de national government commit einself insyd de Growth den Poverty Reduction Strategies den to wich e agree as part of de international framework of de UN Millennium Development Goals.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-DRC-En.pdf|title=An AMCOW Country Status Overview. Water Supply and Sanitation in the Democratic Republic of Congo.No water. Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond.|last=|first=|date=2011|website=|publisher=The World Bank. Water and Sanitation Program - Africa Region.|access-date=}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Water insyd de Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Water supply den sanitation insyd de Democratic Republic of the Congo]] mrjdhvxvffffngg48r9p5gsbimzf3ts 0 27919 106431 105883 2026-07-08T16:54:15Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Sebaou''' River, anaa '''Oued Sebaou''' (''Asif n Sabaw'' insyd Kabyle, ''Wād Sībāw'' anaa ''Wād Nissa'' insyd Arabic) be de main river of de western Kabylie region of [[Algeria]] (roughly wey dey correspond to de present-day Tizi Ouzou Province), wich dey flow into de Mediterranean near de coastal town of Dellys insyd Boumerdés Province.<ref> Adolphe Hanoteau & Aristide Letourneux, La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles, 3 voll., [[Paris]], Impr. nationale, 1872-1873 (2 ed. A. Challamel, 1893), 2e éd. (sic) rev. et augm. Paris, Bouchene, 2003</ref> Sebaou sanso be de name dem give to de valley crossed by dis river wey dey go from Boubhir to Dellys. Ein name be shared by de village den former Ottoman fort of Bordi Sebaou, on ein banks. == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rivers of Algeria]] [[Category:Boumerdès Province]] hd73hmb6ttrkc1zec4f8gvcupesh28q 0 27921 106435 105896 2026-07-08T20:07:40Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''International Commission for the Piercing of the Isthmus of Suez''' (''Commission Internationale pour le percement de l'isthme de Suez'') be commission wey different European experts form for 1855. [[Ferdinand de Lesseps]] gather dem as [[viceroy]] of Egypt [[Sa'id of Egypt|Muhammad Sa'id]] instruct am make dem check whether e go possible to dig canal between de [[Mediterranean]] den de [[Red Sea]], plus make dem decide wich canal route go be de best. Na only Europeans dey insyd de commission. No Egyptian person dey insyd de commission.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Eijking |first1=Jan |title=Historical Claims to the International: The Case of the Suez Canal Experts |journal=International Studies Quarterly |date=14 June 2023 |volume=67 |issue=3 |doi=10.1093/isq/sqad041 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == Preliminary events == For early 19th century, de idea say make dem dig canal thru de isthmus of Suez begin attract plenty attention across Europe. People begin show more interest secof European empires dey expand go Asia for de 19th century.<ref name=":0" /> Napoleon surveyors for ein Campaign insyd Egypt find say about 9 m difference dey between de water levels of de two seas. Buh de surveys wey [[Paul-Adrien Bourdaloue]] do for 1847 during expedition by de Société d'Études du Canal de Suez be de first evidence wey people generally accept say actually no level difference dey between de two seas. During de same expedition, [[Alois Negrelli]], wey be Austrian railroad pioneer, explore de bay of Pelusium for de northern end of de canal wey dem plan. Buh secof the political troubles for 1848, dem no continue plus de project. On 30 November 1854, De Lesseps get de first concession from Muhammad Sa'id for de [[Suez Canal]], wey base on De Lesseps ein request, Linant-Bey den Mougel-Bey ([[Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds|Linant de Bellefonds]] den [[Eugène Mougel]]), two senior French engineers for de Egyptian canal administration, prepare de first canal draft. Right from de beginning, De Lesseps ein main goal be say make de canal project get as much international political support as possible. Secof dat, for de second den more detailed [[firman (decree)|firman]] of 19 May 1855, de viceroy order make dem improve de first draft den submit am to one international commission of experts make dem discuss den evaluate am. == Commission == [[File:Reizen naar de landengte van Suez, Egypte, het Heilige Land (1859), page 186.jpg|thumb|Map of de Nile delta den de designed canal (from de book of Conrad)]] De Commission first meet for Paris on 30 October 1855.<ref name=":5" /> E consist of dese people: * Frederik Willem Conrad Jr (Chairman), one Dutch engineer * Captain Edward Harris, one British naval commander * Benjamin Jaurès (Paris) * Carl Lentze, one Prussian engineer * Jean-Pierre Lieussou, one French scientist * John Robinson McClean, one British engineer<ref name=":5" /> * Charles Manby, one British engineer * Cipriano Segundo Montesino, one Spanish engineer<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Segundo Montesino |first=C. |date=1858 |title=Canal del istmo de Suez |trans-title=Isthmus of Suez Canal |url=https://quickclick.es/rop/detalle_articulo.php?registro=630&anio=1858&numero_revista=21 |journal=Revista de Obras Públicas |language=es |volume=6, tomo I |issue=21 |access-date= 14 December 2023 |pages=249–250 }}</ref> * Alois Negrelli, one Tyrolean engineer * Pietro Paleocapa, one Italian engineer * Louis Auguste Renaud (Paris) * James Meadows Rendel, one British surveyor * Charles Rigault de Genouilly, one French military officer De members already check de first draft wey Linant-Bey den Mougel-Bey prepare, wey dem decide say dem go inspect de conditions demaselves for Egypt. Apart from dat, dem sanso plan make dem draw new map of de bay of Pelusium make dem plete de soundings wey Negrelli do for 1847. == Investigations for Egypt == Five out of de thirteen members meet on 18 November 1855 for Alexandria, namely Messrs. Conrad, Renaud, Negrelli, McClean den Lieussou. Negrelli bring de soundings plus de alignment of de canal wey e draw during ein visit for 1847, wey e match to large extent plus de draft wey Linant den Mougel make. For de next two days, de group inspect Alexandria harbour plus roads, before dem continue go explore de bay of Suez for four days. After dat, dem go north to Lake Timsah plus Wadi Tumilat make dem do boreholes plus subsoil investigations den check de line of one canal across de [[Niger Delta|Nile delta]] to Alexandria wey Jacques-Marie Le Père plus Paulin Talabot propose. De members of de group no take long before dem agree say dis proposal no go work secof plenty technical plus economic reasons. After dat, dem continue go towards de Mediterranean, dey do more boreholes plus investigations. On 31 December 1855, dem carry de group enter de Egyptian frigate ''Le Nil'', wey dem reach Alexandria on 2 January 1856. De discussion about more soundings wey Mr. Larousse, one French navy hydrologist wey dem assign to de commission, do during dat time, end with de conclusion say de entrance of de canal suppose shift go more west (for wer Port Said dey now) secof de water deep pass, even though e go add 6&nbsp;km to de length of de canal. Dem sanso propose say make dem protect de entrance plus one 3.5&nbsp;km long northern jetty plus one 2.5&nbsp;km long southern jetty, wey make dem build one lighthouse. On 2 January 1856, dem submit one preliminary report to de Viceroy wey talk say one direct canal across de isthmus be de only sensible alternative, but de full details go come for de final report after more investigations. After dat, de viceroy issue de second concession to De Lesseps. == De commission's deliberations == De whole commission meet again for 23 June 1856 for Paris (Rendel no fit attend, Negrelli and Montesino come de next day).<ref name=":5">{{cite journal |title=Obituary. John Robinson Mcclean, Former President and Vice-President, M.p., F.r.s., 1813-1873 |journal=Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers |date=January 1874 |volume=38 |issue=1874 |pages=287–291 |doi=10.1680/imotp.1874.22770 |doi-access=free }}</ref> For three days, de members discuss de results of de investigations for Egypt plus all de details about de future canal. Everybody agree say make dem build de canal just as Negrelli first propose, wey be canal wey no go get locks, go pass de lower level Bitter Lakes (wey de canal go flood) without any dams anaa dikes. De canal suppose get depth of 8 m den width of 100 metres for water level plus 64 metres for bottom. Buh for one particular section, e go get width of only 80 m for water level den 44 m for bottom. === Options Proposed by John Robinson McClean den Charles Manby === For ein presidential address for 1864 to de Institution of Civil Engineers, John Robinson McClean explain ein view about de two different systems wey dem propose for de construction of de Canal. McClean den Manby no agree plus de conclusion of de majority of de commissioners about de type of project. Instead, dem propose canal wey go dey twenty-five feet above sea level, plus locks wey be like de ones for Caledonian Canal. Dis one different from de majority decision wey support sea-level canal wey no get locks. De comparison of de two systems dey insyd appendix of McClean ein 1864 address, wey he explain wetin e think about both proposals as dem summarize below.<ref name=":4">{{cite journal |last1=Mcclean |first1=J R |title=Presidential Address of John Robinson M'clean, January 12, 1864 (Including Appendix) |journal=Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers |date=January 1864 |volume=23 |issue=1864 |pages=151–167 |doi=10.1680/imotp.1864.23280 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1688794 }}</ref> ==== First System (Adopted by Majority of Commissioners) ==== * Di canal level go match de low water level of de Mediterranean Sea for Said. * Dem estimate say de total excavation wey dem go need be 130 million cubic metres, den half of am go need dredging. * Dem expect say e go hard well-well to build de harbour for Suez secof coral reefs den hard sands fit dey der. * E need plenty money plus dredging work before dem fit establish port for Lake Timsah. ==== Second System (Proposed by McClean den Manby) ==== * De water level for de canal go dey 7 metres above de low water level of di Mediterranean Sea. * De total embankment wey dem go need no go pass 70 million cubic metres secof dem carefully choose de canal route. * All de excavation go happen above natural drainage, wey go make construction fast thru railways plus locomotive engines. * De construction of Suez Harbour no go need dredging secof dem go use locks for deep water. * De higher canal level for Port Timsah mean say no need locks for der, wey go reduce construction cost. * Dem sanso propose new irrigation method wey go use de canal draw water direct from de [[Nile]], so no need separate conduit, plus de canal fit serve as reservoir during Nile floods. * De high-level system no go get water supply problems like salt deposits den dependence on tides, wey dey happen for de low-level system. ===British opposition to de canal=== British proposals still insist say difference dey between de water level of de Red Sea den Mediterranean Sea of about 7 metres, even though survey work since 1847 already show say dat no be true.<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Dan F |title=A decade of British opposition to the Suez Canal project, 1854–1864 |date=1973 |id=ProQuest 287954768 OCLC 1035380473 |hdl=11244/3693 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite journal |last1=Bell |first1=K. |title=British Policy Towards the Construction of the Suez Canal |journal=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society |date=December 1965 |volume=15 |pages=121–143 |doi=10.2307/3678819 |jstor=3678819 |s2cid=154157309 }}</ref> Opposition against de canal from British engineers, wey dey include McClean, Manby, den Robert Stephenson, show for different engineering publications for Britain den oda places too.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephenson |first=R. |author-link=Robert Stephenson |date=1858 |title=Canal del Istmo de Suez |trans-title=Isthmus of Suez Canal |url=https://quickclick.es/rop/detalle_articulo.php?registro=624&anio=1858&numero_revista=20 |journal=Revista de Obras Públicas |language=es |volume=6, tomo I |issue=20 |pages=237–241 }}</ref> Stephenson talk against any possible involvement for Suez canal scheme for Parliament during 1857 and 1858.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Rolt |first=L.T.C. |title=George and Robert Stephenson: The Railway Revolution |date=1978 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-007646-2 |series=Pelican biographies |location=Harmondsworth, Middlesex }}</ref> Apart from de opposition from British engineers, de bigger British establishment, especially Lord Palmerston, strongly oppose de construction of de canal secof dem fear say if seagoing vessels from all nations fit use am, e go threaten Britain ein commercial interests, like dema control over de Cape Route, de overland routes to [[India]] den de Far East, plus British naval supremacy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kyle |first1=Keith |title=Suez: Britain's End of Empire in the Middle East |date=2011 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85771-967-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Bissett |first1=Alice M. |title=Lord Palmerston's policy of opposition to the project and to the construction of the Suez Canal |date=1927 |id={{OCLC|957343681|964513065}} |url=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/4x51hn005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fletcher |first1=Max E. |title=The Suez Canal and World Shipping, 1869-1914 |journal=The Journal of Economic History |date=December 1958 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=556–573 |doi=10.1017/S0022050700107740 |s2cid=153427820 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=O'Connor |first1=Damian |title=The Suez Crisis 1876–82 |journal=The RUSI Journal |date=June 2006 |volume=151 |issue=3 |pages=74–78 |doi=10.1080/03071840609442023 |s2cid=153827725 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hoskins |first1=Halford L. |title=The Suez Canal |journal=Current History |date=November 1957 |volume=33 |issue=195 |pages=257–262 |doi=10.1525/curh.1957.33.195.257 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kinross |first1=Patrick Balfour Baron |title=Between Two Seas: The Creation of the Suez Canal |date=1969 |publisher=Morrow |isbn=978-0-7195-1813-3 }}</ref> Later, de British Government publicly object to de use of forced labour for de construction of de canal, even though dem sef use forced labour build railway between Alexandria den Cairo wey open for 1854, before dem extend am go Suez for 1858.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> == Final report == [[File:CONRAD%281859%29_p251_PROFIL_VAN_DE_HAVEN_VAN_SAID.jpg|thumb|Design of de breakwaters of Port Said]] De final report get 195 pages plus plans, technical tables, anaa oda tinz. Dem publish am for December 1856, den de Khedive for Egypt accept am. De report explain why e be important make dem connect de two seas direct, plus all de technical details about de canal, wey dey include de ports wey dem go build, telegraph lines wey dem go install along de canal, ferries wey dem go introduce, plus lighting for de Mediterranean coast den de whole Red Sea, wey dey include lighthouses, buoys den oda navigation equipment. Like dem already talk for de preliminary report, dem suggest say ''Port Said'' go be de name of de port for de northern entrance.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Hartley |first1=Sir C |title=A short history of the engineering works of the Suez Canal |journal=Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers |date=January 1900 |volume=141 |issue=1900 |pages=157–194 |doi=10.1680/imotp.1900.18688 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1882936 }}</ref> One of de main decisions be say dem no go build continuous embankments for places wey de canal pass thru de Bitter Lakes secof dem see say e no be necessary. De report still decide say locks for both ends of de canal no go be needed secof de lakes go reduce tidal currents. E sanso specify de dimensions of de canal wey dem recommend say de depth make e be 8 metres (approximately 26.4 feet), plus enough width wey go allow two ships pass each oda while one extra ship fit still stand for one side.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Fox |first1=D |last2=Barry |first2=J W |last3=Harcourt |first3=L F V |last4=Dawes |first4=E |last5=Appleby |first5=C J |last6=Bell |first6=J R |last7=Corthell |first7=E L |last8=Wells |first8=L B |last9=Hartley |first9=C |title=Discussion: A short history of the engineering works of the Suez Canal |journal=Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers |date=January 1900 |volume=141 |issue=1900 |pages=195–212 |doi=10.1680/imotp.1900.18689 }}</ref> De proposed width be approximately 64 metres (210 feet) for de bottom den 97.5 metres (320 feet) for de top between de Red Sea den de Bitter Lakes. Between de Bitter Lakes den de Mediterranean, de proposed width be approximately 43.9 metres (144 feet) for de bottom den 79.9 metres (262 feet) for de top. De Commission prefer make dem build de jetties direct into de sea from Port Said instead of de earlier proposal near de Gulf of Pelusium. Dem take dis decision based on de recommendation of Mr. Larousse, one French Navy hydrographer. E show say enough depth of 8 metres dey nearer to Port Said than de eastern entrance wey dem first propose. After dem consider de cost of building de jetties den de advantage of de steep sea-bed slope, dem conclude say Port Said be de best choice.<ref name=":1" /> For Port Said, de final design of de jetties, wey dey include dema length den de way dem go construct dem, later follow advice from Mr. Pascal, Inspector-General of Roads and Bridges. For Port Tewfik, dem decide say one jetty alone go do. Everybody agree on de arrangement of de inner harbour works wey dem need for both ends of de canal. Dem recommend say de western den eastern jetties for Port Said make dem be approximately 2987 metres (9,800 feet) den 1829 metres (6,000 feet) long. De starting width go be approximately 1280 metres (4,200 feet), while de ending separation go be approximately 701 metres (2,300 feet). De channel wey go pass along de western jetty go be approximately 100.6 metres (330 feet) wide den 9.1 metres (30 feet) deep, plus direction northeast by 2 degrees north.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Denison |first1=Sir W T |title=THE SUEZ CANAL |journal=Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers |date=January 1867 |volume=26 |issue=1867 |pages=442–448 |doi=10.1680/imotp.1867.23168 }}</ref> For de report, de commission clearly talk say dem finish all de duties wey dem get wey dem plete all dema work. Dem sanso talk say dem hope say dem go build de canal very soon, buh dem no comment in any way about how de future construction work go happen anaa who go manage am. ==Sources == Lesseps publish one complete final report together plus de investigation journal den de minutes of all de commission dema discussions. Negrelli give details about de proposed canal to de ''K.K. Geographische Gesellschaft'' (Imperial Royal Geographical Society) for Vienna wey dem sanso give dem one copy of de commission dema final report. De society later publish de material insyd dema own proceedings.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lesseps |first1=Ferdinand de |title=Percement de l'isthme de Suez |date=1856 |publisher=H. Plon |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LVoGEq7EwxMC&pg=PA377 |language=fr }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Kaiserlich-Königliche Geographische Gesellschaft in Wien |title=Mittheilungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien |date=1857 |publisher=Lechner |page=71 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0NUAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA71 |language=de }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Conrad |first1=Frederik Willem |title=Reizen naar de landengte van Suez, Egypte, het Heilige Land |date=1859 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=STRCAAAAcAAJ |language=nl }}</ref> ==References== [[Category:Suez Canal]] <references /> ==External links== * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Reizen+naar+de+landengte+van+Suez%2C+Egypte%2C+het+Heilige+Land+%281859%29&title=Special%3AMediaSearch&go=OK&type=image WikiCommons] 416nj04v6f2is45bmf7tk0y7dxl2p7k 0 27922 106430 105894 2026-07-08T16:48:24Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 106430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sebou_Bassin_OSM.png|right|thumb|250x250px|De Sebou River watershed plus de oued baht (lower left center)]] De '''Baht River''' be a watercourse insyd [[Morocco]] wey be a tributary to de [[Sebou River]]. Dem sanso know as de '''Oued Beht''', dis river dey rise insyd de Middle Atlas mountain range.<ref>Mohammed Hammam, Jāmiʻat Muḥammad al-Khāmis. Kullīyat al-Ādāb wa-al-ʻUlūm al-Insānīyah. 1995</ref> De Baht be impounded by de El Kansera irrigation dam about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Sidi Slimane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Kansera |url=http://www.water.gov.ma/index.cfm?gen=true&Id=80&ID_PAGE=192 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205043102/http://www.water.gov.ma/index.cfm?gen=true&Id=80&ID_PAGE=192 |archive-date=2013-12-05 |access-date=2013-07-05 |publisher=Ministère de l'Energie, des Mines, de l'Eau et de l'Environnement- Département de l'Eau |ref={{harvid|El Kansera: Ministère}}}}</ref> == Natural history == Insyd de upper parts of de watershed within de Middle Atlas be de prehistoric range of de endangered primate Barbary macaque, wich prehistorically get a much larger range insyd North Africa.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2008</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * C. Michael Hogan. 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090831095518/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757 ''Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg] * Mohammed Hammam, Jāmiʻat Muḥammad al-Khāmis. Kullīyat al-Ādāb wa-al-ʻUlūm al-Insānīyah. 1995. ''L'Occident musulman et l'occident chrétien au moyen âge'', 525 pages page 160 [French] [[Category:Rivers of Morocco]] brn7zkidda45l50n1w1k02t5r27rl5i 14 28095 106397 2026-07-08T14:19:04Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106397 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28096 106398 2026-07-08T14:20:00Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106398 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28097 106406 2026-07-08T14:56:02Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106406 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28098 106407 2026-07-08T14:56:14Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106407 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28099 106408 2026-07-08T14:56:27Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106408 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28100 106409 2026-07-08T14:56:38Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106409 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28101 106410 2026-07-08T14:56:48Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106410 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28102 106411 2026-07-08T14:57:00Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106411 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28103 106416 2026-07-08T16:08:59Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106416 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28104 106417 2026-07-08T16:09:36Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106417 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28105 106418 2026-07-08T16:09:49Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106418 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28106 106419 2026-07-08T16:10:01Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106419 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28107 106423 2026-07-08T16:41:45Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106423 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28108 106424 2026-07-08T16:42:22Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106424 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28109 106425 2026-07-08T16:42:34Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106425 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28110 106426 2026-07-08T16:42:45Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106426 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28111 106427 2026-07-08T16:42:59Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106427 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28112 106428 2026-07-08T16:43:10Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106428 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28113 106429 2026-07-08T16:43:22Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106429 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28114 106432 2026-07-08T16:54:51Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106432 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28115 106436 2026-07-08T20:08:16Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106436 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28116 106446 2026-07-09T10:56:25Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106446 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28117 106447 2026-07-09T10:56:36Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106447 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1