Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1901 106488 49681 2026-07-10T01:15:56Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q87828806}} '''Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah''' (dem born am 13 January 1930 – wey she die 20 February 2021) be Ghanaian law enforcement officer wey dem enlist am as first woman for de Ghana Police Service, wey na ebe [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] Police Force for dat tym insyd.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-first-ghanaian-policewoman-now-90-years.html "First Ghanaian policewoman now 90 years"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 2020-03-17. </ref><ref>Effah, K. (2020-01-13). [https://web.archive.org/web/20201001091032/https://yen.com.gh/143587-ghanas-female-police-officer-turns-90-today-ghanaians-t-calm.html "First-ever female police officer in Ghana turns 90; Ghanaians excitedly react"]. Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. Retrieved 2020-03-17</ref> == Ein Education == She attend [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Wesley Girls High School]] wey dey [[Cape Coast]]. Na she get Senior Cambridge den Teacher's Certificate 'A'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theghanareport.com/meet-the-first-woman-to-join-the-gold-coast-police-force/|title=Meet the first woman to join the Gold Coast Police force|date=2020-03-03|website=The Ghana Report|language=en|access-date=2020-03-17}}</ref> == Ein Early life den Career == She join Gold Coast Police Force for September 1st, 1952 insyd as na she be 22 years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ososanya|first=Tunde|date=2020-03-18|title=Meet Rosamond Asiamah, Ghana's first female police officer who is 90|url=https://www.legit.ng/1312265-rosamond-asiamah-meet-ghanas-female-police-officer.html|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> She be de first one<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Police-Ladies-Association-celebrates-Rosemond-Nkansah-first-Ghanaian-police-woman-847039|title=Police Ladies Association celebrates Rosemond Nkansah, first Ghanaian police woman|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-17}}</ref> wey dem enlist togeda plus 11 oda women wey dem make am leader.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana's first-ever woman police recruit passes on - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ghanas-first-ever-woman-police-recruit-passes-on/|access-date=2021-02-23|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Na dis be time wey dem no dey allow policeowmen make dem marry anaa make dem preg; contrary to dis directive, na dem compel dem make dem resign. Before ein resignation, she petition de government make e allow policewomen make dem marry den get kiddies, den make dem sanso reinstate those wey resign secof make dem raise families.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Ghanaian policewoman now 90 years|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-first-ghanaian-policewoman-now-90-years.html|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Na dem accept de petition den de condition wey prevent women from make dem serve long for de force, secof marriage den pregnancy na dem abolish am.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Ghanaian policewoman Rosemond Asiama passes on at 91|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/first-ghanaian-policewoman-passes-on-at-91.html|access-date=2021-02-22|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> She resign for 16 May 1958. After ein resignation, she teach for St. John's Grammar School from 1961 to 1964 as a professional teacher secof de certification na she get before dem enlist am insyd de Gold Coast Police Force. She join de Ghana Broadcasting Corporation insyd 1965 wey na she head de School broadcasting programs for a year.<ref name="gxtra">{{cite web|url=https://ghanaxtra.com/2020/01/the-struggles-of-the-first-policewoman-that-changed-the-face-of-policing-for-women.html|title=The Struggles Of The First Policewoman That Changed The Face Of Policing For Women|author=Sarfowaa, Nana Ama|publisher=ghanaxtra|date=20 January 2020|accessdate=20 March 2020|language=}}</ref> She retire from active service insyd 1999 make she primarily focus for writing books. She sanso translate words insyd ein book (Octagon) into foreign den local languages.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sarfowaa|first=Nana Ama|last2=Reporter|date=2020-01-20|title=The Struggles Of The First Policewoman That Changed The Face Of Policing For Women|url=https://ghanaxtra.com/2020/01/the-struggles-of-the-first-policewoman-that-changed-the-face-of-policing-for-women.html|access-date=2021-02-23|website=GhanaXtra.Com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ein Death == Asiamah die for Police Hospital wey dey [[Accra]] for Saturday evening, February 20, 2021 insyd.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Ghana Police Woman, Rosemond Asiama dies at age 91|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1063307/first-ghana-police-woman-rosemond-asiama-dies.html|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=First Ghanaian policewoman Rosemond Asiama passes on at 91|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/first-ghanaian-policewoman-passes-on-at-91.html|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> == External links == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUjuSipTdfQ Video: How Ghana's 'Police Woman One' Rosamond Asiamah changed lives - BBC Africa] == References == [[Category:Human]] [[Category:1930 births]] [[Category:2021 deaths]] [[Category:Ghanaian women police officers]] [[Category:Ghanaian police officers]] <references /> [[Category:Ghanaians]] [[Category:Women's rights activists]] [[Category:Ghanaian women activists]] 94ga4uzp1x5mfu2wgiwgebx6qrwqhbc 0 5878 106490 34584 2026-07-10T04:42:57Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Technical University of Mombasa''' ('''TUM''') be public university wey dey locate insyd de coastal city of Mombasa.<ref>[http://www.cue.or.ke/index.php/status-of-universities-universities-authorized-to-operate-in-kenya-1 "Commission for University Education – Status of Universities (Universities Authorized to Operate in Kenya) – Status of Universities (Universities Authorized to Operate in Kenya)"]. ''cue.or.ke''. Retrieved 25 May 2020.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211128002831/https://www.tum.ac.ke/about/history "TUM – Historical Background"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> Ebe among de oldest institution of higher learning insyd Kenya. Ebe one of de National Polytechnics dem recently elevate to fully fledged University insyd Kenya. Na dem award am ein charter insyd 2013 by-then presido Mwai Kibaki.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170606123047/http://www.tum.ac.ke/topstory/157 "TUM Acquires ISO 9001:2008 Certification | Technical University of Mombasa"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 10 May 2018.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211128002831/https://www.tum.ac.ke/about/history "TUM – Historical Background"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref><ref>Mukhongo, Dr Lawrence. [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001312446/how-technical-university-of-mombasa-is-transforming-its-tvet-programmes "How Technical University of Mombasa is transforming its TVET programmes".] ''The Standard''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> == Schools == * School of Engineering & technology<ref>[https://tum.ac.ke/academics/engineering "TUM – School of Engineering"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> * School of Applied den Health Sciences<ref>[https://tum.ac.ke/academics/applied "TUM – School of Applied & Heath Sciences"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> * School of Business<ref>[https://tum.ac.ke/academics/business "TUM – School of Applied & Heath Sciences"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> * Institute of Computing den Informatics<ref>[https://tum.ac.ke/academics/ici "TUM – School of Applied & Heath Sciences"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> * School of Humanities den Social Sciences<ref>[https://tum.ac.ke/academics/sohss "TUM – School of Applied & Heath Sciences"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> * School of Medicine<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180116131436/https://medicine.tum.ac.ke/ "Home &#x7C; TUM Medicine"]. Archived from [https://medicine.tum.ac.ke/ the original] on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.</ref> * Institute of Research, Innovation den Extension (ARIE)<ref>[https://tum.ac.ke/research "TUM - Login"].</ref> == TUM history == TUM fi trace back to de late 1940s wen Sir Philip Mitchell, Aga Khan III, de Sultan of Zanzibar, den Secretary of State for de colonies, Sir Bernard Reilly start de Mombasa Institute of Muslim Education (MIOME).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211128002831/https://www.tum.ac.ke/about/history "TUM – Historical Background"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> After ein inception, MIOME start dey provide technical education to Muslim students of East Africa. Insyd May 1951, MIOME enroll ein first batch of students make dem undergo technical education programme wich place special emphasis for Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Seamanship den Navigation, den Woodwork.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211128002831/https://www.tum.ac.ke/about/history "TUM – Historical Background"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> Insyd 1966 MIOME cam turn Mombasa Technical Institute (MTI) wey dem start dey admit all people from different walks of life regardless of religion anaa race.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211128002831/https://www.tum.ac.ke/about/history "TUM – Historical Background"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> Insyd de year 1976, MTI cam turn Mombasa Polytechnic. Mombasa Polytechnic continue dey develop more market driven programs, anchor for de five established Departments of Business Studies, Electrical den Electronics Engineering, Building den Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering den Applied Sciences.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211128002831/https://www.tum.ac.ke/about/history "TUM – Historical Background"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> For 23 August 2007, thru Legal Notice dem elevate Mombasa Polytechnic to University College thus de name Mombasa Polytechnic University College (MPUC).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211128002831/https://www.tum.ac.ke/about/history "TUM – Historical Background"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> Insyd 2013 after dem elevate am to fully fledged University Mombasa Polytechnic University College (MPUC) cam turn Technical University of Mombasa (TUM). TUM open two strategic satellite Campuses insyd Kwale den Lamu County.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211128002831/https://www.tum.ac.ke/about/history "TUM – Historical Background"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231004165420/https://www.jkuat.ac.ke/coast-region-gets-first-chartered-university/ "Coast Region Gets First Chartered University"]. ''jkuat.ac.ke''. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> == Directorates == * Directorate of TVET * Directorate of Quality Assurance<ref>[https://www.tum.ac.ke/about/policy-statement "TUM – Quality Policy Statement"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> * TUM Entreprises (TUMEL) * School of Graduate Studies<ref>[https://www.tum.ac.ke/academics/sgs "TUM – School of Graduate Studies"]. ''tum.ac.ke''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> == Campuses == * Main Campus, Tudor, Mombasa<ref>[http://www.tum.ac.ke/ "Home"]. ''tum.ac.ke''.</ref> * Lamu Campus * Kwale Campus == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://tum.ac.ke/ Official website] [[Category:Education insyd Mombasa]] [[Category:Universities insyd Kenya]] [[Category:1951 establishments insyd Africa]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1951]] [[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 1951]] [[Category:Technical universities den colleges]] 9nyrqgs0gxlqqj6x7o47pjq9r8p2lo6 0 5893 106492 105650 2026-07-10T06:45:18Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Unamt.jpg|right|thumb|UNAM main campus]] De '''University of Namibia''' ('''UNAM''') be multi-campus public research university insyd [[Namibia]], den de largest university insyd de country.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201215210150/https://www.unam.edu.na/about-unam "About UNAM"]. ''University of Namibia''. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2021.</ref> Na dem establish am by act of Parliament for 31 August 1992. == Background == UNAM dey comprise de faculties den schools wey dey follow: * Faculty of Agriculture den Natural Resources * Faculty of Economics & Management Science ** Department of Political Science * Faculty of Education * Faculty of Humanities den Social Sciences * Faculty of Law * School of Medicine * Faculty of Engineering den Information * Faculty of Science * School of Nursing * School of Pharmacy * School of Public Health * School of Military Science * Centre for Postgraduate Studies Dem rank am insyd de top 30 of tertiary institutions for de continent top for de past 10 years insyd, UNAM be one of de best universities insyd Africa.<ref>[https://www.unirank.org/africa/top-200/ "Top 200 Universities in Africa | 2016 University Rankings"]. ''unirank.org''. Retrieved 21 July 2016.</ref> De University of Namibia be de institution per for de world insyd wey dey offer doctorate insyd de study of de Khoekhoe language. Insyd 2023, na dem co-rank UNAM 16th among de Top 100 Universities insyd Africa, by de 2023 Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings.<ref>[https://economist.com.na/78837/education/unam-ranked-16th-among-top-100-universities-in-africa/ "UNAM ranked 16th among top 100 Universities in Africa | Namibia Economist"]. Retrieved 15 May 2023.</ref> == Faculty of Engineering den Information Technology == Na dem found Faculty of Engineering den Information Technology for 1 January 2008 wey dey follow de dissolution of de Department of Engineering den Technology, wey na exist under de Faculty of Science since 2000. Sam Nujoma, de first presido of Namibia den then-chancellor of de university conduct de groundbreaking ceremony for Ongwediva for 17 November 2007. De ceremony take place for 13-hectare plot of land top wey na dem donate to UNAM by de Ongwediva town council. Insyd January 2008, de National Planning Commission approve funding give de construction of phase 1 of de fresh Faculty of Engineering den Information Technology (FOET) insyd Ongwediva. Construction work begin insyd April 2008 plus emphasis for lecture rooms, staff offices, laboratories, IT facilities, student hostels, staff houses den oda support facilities. De completion of dese facilities (phase 1A) enable de first batch of students make dem admit insyd de FOET.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100614074145/http://www.unam.na/faculties/engineering/engineering_index.html "Unam.na"]. ''www.unam.na''. Retrieved 20 June 2024.</ref> == Academics == Notable academics for de University of Namibia dey include Bience Gawanas, former ombudsperson, professor Nico Horn,<ref>"Dr. Nico Horn – Professor and Human Rights Leader". ''www.ijnetwork.org''. Retrieved 21 July 2016.</ref> André du Pisani, Lazarus Hangula, Dorian Haarhoff, Elizabeth Amukugo, Erold Naomab, Job Amupanda den Günter Heimbeck. == Marks scandal == Insyd 2011, reports claim say UNAM lecturers dey exchange marks for sexual favours from students, den dem dey exchange assignments dem plete for money. Na dem claim say dis result for serious academic degradation. Make dem investigate den combate such illegal practices since cam turn priority give de Namibian government den UNAM management.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172413/http://www.namibian.com.na/news/full-story/archive/2011/september/article/unam-turned-into-academic-brothel/ "Unam turned into 'academic brothel'"]. ''The Namibian''. Archived from [http://www.namibian.com.na/news/full-story/archive/2011/september/article/unam-turned-into-academic-brothel/ the original] on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com.na/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24108:rdp-responds-to-unams-sex-trade-saga&catid=591:speak-your-mind/ "RDP responds to UNAM's sex trade saga"]. economist.com.na. Retrieved 9 September 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/Insight/-/688338/1233818/-/rnk4nh/-/ "Namibian lecturers prey on students sexually"]. monitor. Retrieved 11 September 2011.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172439/http://www.namibian.com.na/news-articles/national/full-story/archive/2011/september/article/unam-knew-about-sex-for-marks-claims/ "UNAM knew about sex-for-marks claims"]. ''The Namibian''. Archived from [http://www.namibian.com.na/news-articles/national/full-story/archive/2011/september/article/unam-knew-about-sex-for-marks-claims/ the original] on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2011.</ref> == Notable alumni == De University of Namibia produced several notable den famous public individuals since ein founding, wey dey include: * Sebastian Ignatius ǃGobs, Namibian politician – Class of 1995 * Fransina Kahungu, former mayor of Windhoek<ref>Ikela, Selma (18 December 2019). [https://neweralive.na/posts/fransina-kahungu-from-classroom-to-mayor "Fransina Kahungu: From classroom to mayor"]. ''New Era Live''. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</ref> * Theo-Ben Gurirab, he receive Doctorate of Law ''honoris causa'' – Class of 1999<ref>Liswaniso, Mwaka (18 July 2014). "Theo-Ben Gurirab (1938 ...) An educator, politician and diplomat". ''New Era''. p. 6.</ref> * Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana she receive Bachelor of Laws and B.Juris degrees – class of 1998 den 1999<ref>Mongudhi, Tileni (April 2012). "Last Woman Standing". ''Insight Namibia''. pp. 22–23.</ref> * Alfredo Tjiurimo Hengari, political scientist den presidential spokesperson to Hage Geingob – Class of 2001 * Monica Geingos, First Lady of de Republic of Namibia den businesswoman – Class of 2002 * Petrina Haingura, Namibian politician – Class of 2002 * Sacky Shanghala, former Namibian minister of justice – Class of 2003 * Sisa Namandje, Namibian lawyer – Class of 2003 * Bernadus Swartbooi, Namibian politician den presido of de Landless People's Movement (Namibia) – Class of 2003 * Peya Mushelenga, Minister of Urban den Rural Development – Class of 2003<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180704035531/http://www.parliament.na/index.php?option=com_contact&view=contact&id=1053:p-mushekenga&catid=104&Itemid=1479 "Mushelenga, Peya"]. Parliament of Namibia. Retrieved 28 April 2018.</ref> * Tangeni Amupadhi – journalist den editor of The Namibian newspaper – Class of 2005 * Sam Nujoma, Namibian politician den former Presido of Namibia – Class of 2007 * Lucia Iipumbu, Deputy Minister of Industrialisation, Trade den SME development – Class of 2008<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180704035521/http://www.parliament.na/index.php?option=com_contact&view=contact&id=996:liipumbu-a&catid=104&Itemid=1479 "Iipumbu, Lucia Magano"]. Parliament of Namibia. Retrieved 11 April 2018.</ref> * Job Amupanda, Namibian politician den leader of de Affirmative Repositioning den current mayor of Windhoek – Class of 2010 * Francine Muyumba, Congolese Senator, Former Presido of de Panafrican Youth Union – Class of 2012<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/africa/osaa/about/usgmeetings/20150814.shtml "USG Abdelaziz meeting with Ms. Francine Muyumba | Office of the Special Adviser on Africa, OSAA"]. ''www.un.org''. Retrieved 6 December 2016.</ref> * Joseph Kalimbwe, youth activist den author – Class of 2017<ref>[https://neweralive.na/posts/young-author-set-to-release-4th-book-on-world-economy "Young author set to release 4th book on world economy"]. ''Truth, for its own sake''. Retrieved 20 June 2024.</ref> * Henny Seibeb, Namibian politician den deputy presido of de Landless People's Movement (Namibia) – Class of 2019 * Inna Hengari, member of Parliament, youth politician den student leader – Class of 2019 * Utaata Mootu, member of Parliament, youth politician – Class of 2019 * Emma Theofelus, member of Parliament, youth politician – Class of 2019 * Patience Masua, member of Parliament, youth politician - Class of 2020 == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [http://www.unam.na/ Official website] {{Authority control}} [[Category:University of Namibia]] [[Category:Universities insyd Namibia]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1992]] [[Category:1992 establishments insyd Namibia]] [[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 1992]] [[Category:Education insyd Windhoek]] judhyrhx8odilwmr2ot3xafqw8ai981 0 6210 106493 34060 2026-07-10T06:48:31Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed''' (insyd Arabic: جامعة وهران 2 محمد بن أحمد) be Algerian public university wey dey locate insyd Belgaïd within de commune of Bir El Djir insyd de eastern suburbs of Oran. Na dem establish de university insyd September 2014 by executive decree no. 14-261 dem date 22 September 2014, wich dem provide for de establishment of University of Oran 2 as division from University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, dem found insyd 1967.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240618100120/https://www.lequotidien-oran.com/index.php?news=5233640 "University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed"]. ''Le Quotidien d'Oran''. S. M. 21 September 2016.</ref> == History == === 2019 Hirak === During de Hirak protests, gatherings take place within de university for support of de movement.<ref>[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/algerie/algerie-les-etudiants-se-mobilisent-a-leur-tour-en-masse-contre-un-cinquieme-mandat-de-bouteflika_3208823.html "Algeria: Students mobilize massively against Bouteflika's fifth term"]. ''Franceinfo''. 26 February 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2021.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210818222706/https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/les-universitaires-disent-non-a-la-repression-18-05-2021 "University academics say "NO" to repression"]. ''El Watan''. Retrieved 18 August 2021.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://www.univ-oran2.dz/index.php/en/ Official website] [[Category:Universities insyd Algeria]] [[Category:2014 establishments insyd Algeria]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 2014]] [[Category:Buildings den structures insyd Oran]] [[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 2014]] [[Category:Education insyd Algeria]] lmefenzp3a4p2tyztvhcog8gc8akq77 0 7040 106452 54696 2026-07-09T15:59:27Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lara Gut-Behrami''' (née Gut; born 27 April 1991) be Swiss World Cup alpine ski racer<ref>[https://www.eurosport.com/geoblocking.shtml "Lara Gut-Behrami"]. ''www.eurosport.com''. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.espn.com/olympics/skiing/story/_/id/39750656/unbelievable-lara-gut-behrami-wraps-overall-gs-titles "Skier Gut-Behrami wins 1st overall title since '16"]. ''ESPN.com''. 17 March 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.</ref> wey dey compete insyd all disciplines den dey specialize insyd de speed events of downhill den Super-G. She win de gold medal insyd de super-G event for de 2022 Winter Olympics insyd Beijing. Plus 45 World Cup victories to ein name across 3 disciplines, she be one of de all-time greats insyd Alpine skiing. == Career == [[File:2017_Audi_FIS_Ski_Weltcup_Garmisch-Partenkirchen_Damen_-_Lara_Gut_-_by_2eight_-_8SC8776.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Gut insyd downhill for Garmisch-Partenkirchen insyd January 2017]] Dem born Gut insyd Sorengo, Canton Ticino; ein poppie, Pauli Gut, be Swiss wey komot Airolo, den ein mommie, Gabriella Almici, masseuse, na dem born am insyd Zone, Lombardy.<ref>Sokolovskaya, Yanina (6 February 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160202125508/http://www.bresciaoggi.it/home/sport/lara-gut-stella-d-argento-che-fa-risplendere-zone-1.4157751 "Lara Gut, stella d'argento che fa risplendere Zone"] (insyd Italian). Bresciaoggi. Archived from [http://www.bresciaoggi.it/home/sport/lara-gut-stella-d-argento-che-fa-risplendere-zone-1.4157751 the original] on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.</ref> Gut participate insyd ein first FIS races for age 15 in December 2006. For de Alpine Youth World Championship 2007 for Altenmarkt, Austria, she win silver insyd downhill. Insyd de same year, she cam turn de Swiss national champion insyd super-G, de second youngest champion of all time. Insyd de 2007 season, Gut fini second insyd de downhill standings of de Europa Cup. Insyd late December 2007, Gut make ein World Cup debut insyd giant slalom for Lienz, Austria. Insyd January 2008, for Caspoggio, she win four consecutive Europa Cup races. For ein first World Cup downhill race for 2 February 2008, Gut make de podium insyd third place for St. Moritz, despite she fall for de finishing pitch wey she slide for ein back top thru de finish line, she fini 0.35 seconds per behind de winner. She follow ein World Cup speed debut plus fifth-place finish insyd de super-G de next day. Dey follow de 2008 season, na dem move Gut up to de World Cup team for de 2009 season. Early for ein first full season insyd, Gut win ein first World Cup race for 20 December 2008, super-G insyd St. Moritz, wey she fini 0.63 seconds ahead of runner-up Fabienne Suter.<ref>[http://www.skiracing.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6950&Itemid=2 "St Moritz: Swiss teen Gut notches first win"]. skiracing.com. 20 December 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2009.</ref> Gut cam turn de youngest skier make she win World Cup super-G race for 17.65 years (17 years, 237 days).<ref>[http://www.ski-db.com/db/stats/WC_f_age.asp "World Cup Women's RacesAge Stats – > 1970"]. SKI-DB. Retrieved 17 January 2009.</ref> For de 2009 World Championships for Val-d'Isère, France, Gut win silver medals insyd de downhill den de super combined, more dan two months before ein 18th birthday. For 29 September 2009, Gut fall during training for Saas-Fee, Switzerland, wey she dislocate ein hip. Na dem tranport am by helicopter to hospital insyd Visp, wer na dem reset am. De Swiss Ski Federation initially report say Gut go be out of competition for at least a month.<ref>Skionline.ch</ref> Insyd January 2010, na dem announce say Gut go miss de 2010 Olympic Games insyd Vancouver secof slow recovery from hip injury.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/vancouver/alpine/2010-01-14-lara-gut-injury_N.htm "Injury forces Switzerland's Lara Gut out of Vancouver Olympics"]. ''USA Today''. 14 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010.</ref> She sit out de entire 2010 season buh she return for de 2011 season wey she earn four podiums, wich include victory insyd de super-G for Altenmarkt-Zauchensee insyd January. Gut switch ski suppliers dey follow de 2011 season, wey she lef Atomic for three-year deal plus Rossignol.<ref>[http://www.skiracing.com/?q=node/9628 Ski Racing.com] – Swiss star Lara Gut moves to Rossignol equipment – 6 April 2011.</ref> Though she get seven top-ten finishes insyd three disciplines during de 2012 World Cup season, she no reach podium; na ein best results be three top-five finishes. Insyd December 2012, Gut win ein first World Cup downhill insyd Val-d'Isère, France.<ref>[http://www.fisalpine.com/race-results/val-isere,70950.html "Alpine Skiing"].</ref> She fini ahead of American Leanne Smith (0.16 sec) den fellow Swiss skier Nadja Kamer (0.5 sec). Gut win ein first Olympic medal insyd de downhill for 2014 insyd for Sochi. She take de bronze, wey she fini 0.10 seconds behind [[Tina Maze]] den fellow Swiss skier Dominique Gisin, wey both win de gold.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140212200151/http://www.fis-ski.com/alpine-skiing/events-and-places/event=33446/race=75253/index.html "Alpine Skiing: Events & Places"]. Archived from [http://www.fis-ski.com/alpine-skiing/events-and-places/event=33446/race=75253/index.html the original] on 12 February 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.</ref> Insyd World Cup, she win de super-G season title wey she fini third overall insyd 2014. After four years plus Rossignol, Gut change to Head equipment insyd May 2015.<ref>[http://www.skiracing.com/stories/lara-gut-signs-with-head "Lara Gut signs with Head"]. SkiRacing.com. 8 May 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.</ref> For de World Championships insyd 2017 for home country snow insyd St. Moritz, Gut win bronze insyd de super-G. Insyd de next event, de combined, she injure ein left knee (ACL, meniscus) between runs, wich end ein season.<ref>Bonesteel, Matt (10 February 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2017/02/10/defending-world-cup-ski-champion-lara-gut-tears-acl-but-she-should-be-back-for-olympics/ "Defending World Cup ski champion Lara Gut tears ACL, but she should be back for Olympics"]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved 18 February 2017.</ref> Insyd February 2020, Gut win ein first race insyd over two years, de World Cup downhill insyd Crans-Montana, Switzerland.<ref>[https://sport.orf.at/stories/3059844/ "Gut-Behrami kehrt auf Siegerstraße zurück (insyd German)"]. orf.at. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.</ref> Insyd de 2020–2021 season, she get one of de most successful showings of ein career thus far, she win four consecutive Super-G races for de World Cup while she sanso enter close battle for de overall lead plus [[Petra Vlhová]]. She continue ein successful season for de World Championships insyd Cortina D’Ampezzo. Insyd de super-G, she deliver for de promise top she display for de World Cup, she win ein first world title den bronze insyd de downhill. Plus single giant slalom podium for de World Cup dat season, she cam turn somewhat of surprise winner insyd de giant slalom, plus reigning Olympic Champion [[Mikaela Shiffrin]] wey get two strong runs den chaw of de top performers from de World Cup wey dey display poor performances; however, Gut-Behrami still prevail make she win de giant slalom by .02 in wat na be de closest giant slalom insyd world championship history. She cam turn de second Swiss woman make she win two golds insyd single championship den de first insyd 34 years dey follow Erika Hess’ strong showing insyd 1987. == Ein life matter == Gut be fluent insyd Italian, German, French, den English wey she know Spanish.<ref>''#Q1 – How did you learn languages? – Exclusive interview with Lara Gut.'' (insyd German)</ref><ref>''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdqd7DapY30 Lara Gut, l'ultima festa stagionale]'' (insyd Italian), [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/wdqd7DapY30 archived] from the original on 21 December 2021</ref><ref>''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cR_4d8MpMiE Lara Gut: "vivre et laisser vivre"]'' (insyd French), [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/cR_4d8MpMiE archived] from the original on 21 December 2021</ref> She marry Swiss football player Valon Behrami insyd July 2018,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180712152839/https://www.tele1.ch/artikel/151733/lara-gut-und-valon-behrami-haben-geheiratet "Lara Gut und Valon Behrami haben geheiratet"]. ''tele1.ch'' (insyd German).</ref> wey she since compete dey use de double-barrelled name Gut-Behrami.<ref>[https://www.fis-ski.com/DB/general/athlete-biography.html?sectorcode=AL&competitorid=125871&type=summary GUT-BEHRAMI Lara]</ref> == World Cup results == === Season titles === * 8 titles – (2 Overall, 5 Super-G, 1 Giant Slalom) {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center; border:gray solid 1px; width:35%;" | rowspan="10" style="width:1%;" |[[File:FIS_Crystal_Globe.svg|150x150px]] | rowspan="2" style="width:5%;" |'''Season''' |- style="background:#4180be; color:white;" | style="width:25%;" |Discipline |- |'''2014''' |Super-G |- | rowspan="2" |'''2016''' |'''Overall''' |- |Super-G |- |'''2021''' |Super-G |- |'''2023''' |Super-G |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |'''Overall''' |- |Giant Slalom |- |Super-G |} === Season standings === {| class="wikitable" | colspan="1" rowspan="2" |'''Season''' |- |Age |'''Overall''' |Slalom |Giant slalom |Super-G |Downhill |Combined |- |2008 |''16'' |54 |— |— |26 |30 |— |- |2009 |''17'' |11 |45 |9 |11 |12 |16 |- |2010 |''18'' | colspan="6" |<small>''she injure insyd September: out for entire season''</small> |- |2011 |''19'' |10 |— |28 |4 |7 |30 |- |2012 |''20'' |14 |— |17 |8 |18 |30 |- |2013 |''21'' |9 |— |6 |10 |5 |4 |- |2014 |''22'' |3 |— |4 |1 |6 |15 |- |2015 |''23'' |9 |— |24 |5 |6 |— |- |2016 |''24'' |1 |43 |3 |1 |4 |2 |- |2017 |''25'' |4 |57 |5 |3 |3 |— |- |2018 |''26'' |12 |— |23 |2 |10 |24 |- |2019 |''27'' |21 |— |26 |7 |18 |— |- |2020 |''28'' |7 |— |14 |4 |4 |— |- |2021 |''29'' |2 |— |7 |1 |3 | rowspan="4" |— |- |2022 |''30'' |11 |— |13 |6 |15 |- |2023 |''31'' |2 |— |2 |1 |6 |- |2024 |''32'' |1 |— |1 |1 |2 |} : Standings thru 23 March 2024 === Race victories === {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" | |- |Total |Slalom |Giant slalom |Super-G |Downhill |Combined |Parallel |- |Wins |'''45''' |0 |9 |22 |13 |1 |0 |- |Podiums |'''90''' |0 |25 |39 |23 |2 |1 |} {| class="wikitable" | colspan="1" rowspan="2" |'''Season''' |- |Date |Location |Discipline |- |'''2009''' '''1''' victory (1 SG) |20 December 2008 |  St. Moritz, Switzerland |Super-G |- |'''2011''' '''1''' victory (1 SG) |9 January 2011 |Altenmarkt-Zauchensee, Austria |Super-G |- |'''2013''' '''1''' victory (1 DH) |14 December 2012 |Val-d'Isère, France |Downhill |- | rowspan="7" |'''2014''' '''7''' victories (4 SG, 2 DH, 1 GS) |26 October 2013 |Sölden, Austria |Giant slalom |- |29 November 2013 | rowspan="2" |Beaver Creek, USA |Downhill |- |30 November 2013 |Super-G |- |8 December 2013 |Lake Louise, Canada |Super-G |- |26 January 2014 |Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy |Super-G |- |12 March 2014 | rowspan="2" |  Lenzerheide, Switzerland |Downhill |- |13 March 2014 |Super-G |- | rowspan="2" |'''2015''' '''2''' victories (1 SG, 1 DH) |7 December 2014 |Lake Louise, Canada |Super-G |- |24 January 2015 |  St. Moritz, Switzerland |Downhill |- | rowspan="6" |'''2016''' '''6''' victories (1 SG, 2 DH, 2 GS, 1 AC) |27 November 2015 |Aspen, USA |Giant slalom |- |18 December 2015 | rowspan="2" |Val-d'Isère, France |Combined |- |19 December 2015 |Downhill |- |28 December 2015 |Lienz, Austria |Giant slalom |- |7 February 2016 |Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany |Super-G |- |19 February 2016 |La Thuile, Italy |Downhill |- | rowspan="5" |'''2017''' '''5''' victories (3 SG, 1 DH, 1 GS) |22 October 2016 |Sölden, Austria |Giant slalom |- |4 December 2016 |Lake Louise, Canada |Super-G |- |18 December 2016 |Val d'Isère, France |Super-G |- |22 January 2017 |Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany |Super-G |- |28 January 2017 | rowspan="2" |Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy |Downhill |- |'''2018''' '''1''' victory (1 SG) |21 January 2018 |Super-G |- | rowspan="2" |'''2020''' '''2''' victories (2 DH) |21 February 2020 | rowspan="2" |  Crans-Montana, Switzerland |Downhill |- |22 February 2020 |Downhill |- | rowspan="6" |'''2021''' '''6''' victories (4 SG, 2 DH) |10 January 2021 |St. Anton, Austria |Super-G |- |24 January 2021 |  Crans-Montana, Switzerland |Super-G |- |30 January 2021 | rowspan="2" |Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany |Super-G |- |1 February 2021 |Super-G |- |26 February 2021 | rowspan="2" |Val di Fassa, Italy |Downhill |- |27 February 2021 |Downhill |- | rowspan="2" |'''2022''' '''2''' victory (1 SG, 1 DH) |11 December 2021 |  St. Moritz, Switzerland |Super-G |- |15 January 2022 |Altenmarkt-Zauchensee, Austria |Downhill |- | rowspan="3" |'''2023''' '''3''' victories (2 SG, 1 GS) |26 November 2022 |Killington, USA |Giant slalom |- |15 January 2023 |St. Anton, Austria |Super-G |- |16 March 2023 |Soldeu, Andorra |Super-G |- | rowspan="8" |'''2024''' '''8''' victories (3 SG, 1 DH, 4 GS) |28 October 2023 |Sölden, Austria |Giant slalom |- |25 November 2023 |Killington, USA |Giant slalom |- |14 January 2024 |Altenmarkt-Zauchensee, Austria |Super-G |- |28 January 2024 |Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy |Super-G |- |30 January 2024 |Kronplatz, Italy |Giant slalom |- |10 February 2024 |Soldeu, Andorra |Giant slalom |- |16 February 2024 |Crans-Montana, Switzerland |Downhill |- |2 March 2024 |Kvitfjell, Norway |Super-G |} == World Championship results == {| class="wikitable" | colspan="1" rowspan="2" |'''Year''' |- |Age |Slalom |Giant slalom |Super-G |Downhill |Combined |- |2009 |''17'' |— |DNF1 |7 |2 |2 |- |2011 |''19'' |— |20 |4 |4 |DNF2 |- |2013 |''21'' |— |7 |2 |16 |DNF2 |- |2015 |''23'' |— |DNF1 |7 |3 |5 |- |2017 |''25'' |— |— |3 |— |DNS2 |- |2019 |''27'' |— |21 |9 |8 |DNS2 |- |2021 |''29'' |— |1 |1 |3 |— |- |2023 |''31'' |— |4 |6 |9 |DNS2 |} :* <small>She injure between runs of Combined event insyd 2017</small> == Olympic results == {| class="wikitable" | colspan="1" rowspan="2" |'''Year''' |- |Age |Slalom |Giant slalom |Super-G |Downhill |Combined |- |2010 |''18'' | colspan="5" |''<small>she injure: she no compete</small>'' |- |2014 |''22'' |— |9 |4 |3 |DNF2 |- |2018 |''26'' |— |DNF1 |4 |DNF |— |- |2022 |''30'' |— |3 |1 |16 |— |} == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://www.laragut.ch/ Official website] * [https://www.fis-ski.com/DB/general/athlete-biography.html?sectorcode=AL&competitorid=125871 Lara Gut-Behrami] at FIS (alpine) * [https://olympics.com/en/athletes/lara-gut Lara Gut-Behrami] at Olympics.com * [https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/128454 Lara Gut-Behrami] at Olympedia * [https://www.ski-db.com/db/profiles/lara_gut_sui_516138.php Lara Gut-Behrami] at Ski-DB Alpine Ski Database * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240726184649/https://www.swissolympicteam.ch/de/olympische-missionen/olympische-spiele/peking-2022/team/athletenportrait?athleteId=8222 Lara Gut-Behrami] at de Swiss Olympic Association (insyd German) * [https://www.swiss-ski.ch/athletinnen/detail/lara-gut-behrami/ Lara Gut-Behrami at de Swiss Ski Team] Archived 15 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine (insyd German) [[Category:Human]] [[Category:1991 births]] [[Category:Swiss female alpine skiers]] [[Category:Alpine skiers at de 2014 Winter Olympics]] [[Category:Alpine skiers at de 2018 Winter Olympics]] [[Category:Alpine skiers at de 2022 Winter Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic alpine skiers for Switzerland]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2014 Winter Olympics]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2022 Winter Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic medalists insyd alpine skiing]] [[Category:Olympic gold medalists for Switzerland]] [[Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Switzerland]] [[Category:Swiss people of Italian descent]] [[Category:People of Lombard descent]] [[Category:People wey komot Sorengo]] [[Category:Sportspeople wey komot Ticino]] [[Category:21st-century Swiss women]] [[Category:21st-century Swiss sportswomen]] ayhxrpo5av4aet70nn3gqarcxqba387 0 7303 106466 104041 2026-07-09T18:02:04Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marta Vieira da Silva''' (born 19 February 1986), dem know am as '''Marta''', be Brazilian professional footballer wey dey play as forward give de Orlando Pride insyd de National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) den de Brazil national team.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marta "Marta | Biography & Facts | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</ref><ref>[https://artsandculture.google.com/story/meet-marta-the-record-breaking-brazilian-football-player/UAWxrX7MR4XIfg "Meet Marta: The Record-Breaking Brazilian Football Player"]. ''Google Arts & Culture''. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</ref> Dem widely dey regard Marta as one of de greatest female footballers of all time.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/aug/03/the-20-greatest-female-football-players-soccer "The 20 greatest female football players of all time"]. ''The Guardian''. 3 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20161013111955/http://www.sportsmuntra.com/10-best-female-footballers-time/ "10 Best Female Footballers of All Time"]. 27 October 2014.</ref><ref name=":2">[http://www.foxsports.com.au/football/womens-world-cup-2015-meet-marta-the-best-of-all-time-who-stands-in-the-way-of-australia/story-e6frf423-1227405275137 "Women's World Cup 2015: who is Marta, who is the greatest footballers of all time, Marta, Matildas - Fox Sports"]. ''www.foxsports.com.au''.</ref><ref name=":3">Panja, Tariq (8 June 2015). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-06-08/best-ever-female-player-marta-misses-out-on-soccer-s-millions "Best-Ever Female Player Marta Misses Soccer's Millions"]. ''Bloomberg''.</ref> Na dem name am FIFA World Player of de Year six times, five of them be consecutive (from 2006 thru 2010) den de latest award cam insyd 2018. Marta dey hold de record for Brazil ein top goalscorer plus 119 goals. Plus 17 goals, Marta sanso dey hold de record for most goals dem score insyd any World Cup, women’s anaa men's.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/18/football/marta-brazil-italy-australia-jamaica-womens-world-cup-spt-intl/index.html "Marta: Brazil great makes history with 17th World Cup goal"]. ''CNN''. 18 June 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/20190618-marta-record-17-world-cup-goals-brazil-italy "Marta scores record 17th World Cup goal as Brazil advance to knockouts"]. ''France 24''. 18 June 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2021.</ref> Moreover, na she be de first footballer of any gender make she score for five different World Cups,<ref name=":0">[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48629040 "Women's World Cup: Marta has record to rival Brazil legends Ronaldo and Pele"]. ''BBC Sport''. 13 June 2019.</ref> feat match by Christine Sinclair insyd 2019 den Cristiano Ronaldo insyd 2022,<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49925779 "Christine Sinclair: Canada striker beats all-time record"]. ''BBC Sport''. 30 January 2020.</ref> den sanso be de first footballer, female anaa male, make she score for five consecutive Olympic Games.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-2020-fbl-marta-idUSKBN2ER0ZS "Olympics: Soccer - Brazil's Marta scores in fifth Games running, Britain beat Chile"]. ''Reuters''. 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref> Na she be member of de Brazilian national teams wey win de silver medal for de 2004 den 2008 Summer Olympics. Na den sanso award am de Golden Ball (MVP) for de 2004 FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship wey she win both de Golden Ball award as de best player den de Golden Boot award as de top scorer insyd de 2007 Women's World Cup after she lead Brazil to de final of de tournament. For de club level, Marta win de UEFA Women's Cup for Swedish club Umeå IK insyd 2004 wey she win seven Swedish league championships during ein time dey play give various teams insyd de country. Insyd January 2013, na dem name am one of de six Ambassadors of de 2014 FIFA World Cup insyd Brazil, alongsyd Amarildo, Bebeto, Carlos Alberto Torres, Ronaldo den Mario Zagallo.<ref>FIFA.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090228213104/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/ambassador/overview.html "2018 FIFA World Cup Russia"]. ''www.fifa.com''. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/ambassador/overview.html the original] on 28 February 2009.</ref> She sanso appear insyd de Sveriges Television television documentary series ''The Other Sport'' from 2013. Insys August 2016, na Marta be one of de eight make dem carry de Olympic Flag insyd de Olympic Games for Rio de Janeiro insyd. Na dem appoint am by de Secretary-General of de United Nations as Sustainable Development Goals advocate. Insyd 2017, Marta receive Swedish citizenship wey now she get dual citizenship insyd both Brazil den Sweden.<ref>[https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2017-03-14/nu-ar-varldens-genom-tiderna-basta-fotbollsspelare-svensk-medborgare "Nu är världens genom tiderna bästa fotbollsspelare svensk medborgare"]. ''Sydsvenskan'' (insyd Swedish). 14 March 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2023.</ref> == Club career == === Career start === Na Brazilian female coach Helena Pacheco discover Marta wen na she be 14 years old. After she play give de CSA youth team, Marta start ein professional career for Vasco da Gama insyd 2000. After two years, na dem transfer am to Santa Cruz, small club insyd de state of Minas Gerais,<ref>[https://www.hojeemdia.com.br/esportes/com-passagem-por-clube-de-belo-horizonte-marta-%C3%A9-esperan%C3%A7a-da-sele%C3%A7%C3%A3o-feminina-1.402629/marta-na-%C3%A9poca-em-que-defendeu-o-santa-cruz-de-bh-1.402636 "Marta na época em que defendeu o Santa Cruz de BH"]. ''HOME''. 2 August 2016.</ref> wer na she go play for two more seasons, before she join Umeå IK of Sweden. === Umeå IK === Marta join Umeå IK before de 2004 season, during wich Umeå reach de final of de UEFA Women's Cup, wey win 8–0 for aggregate against Frankfurt, plus Marta score three goals over de two legs. Insyd de league, despite she amass total of 106 goals, wich na ebe 32 more dan de champions, Umeå fini second, Djurgården beat dem by single point. Marta score 22 league goals wey she get on de scoresheet top for de cup final against Djurgården, wey she score de goal per insyd 2–1 Umeå loss. Ein second season (2005) end plus Marta wey score 21 goals den Umeå win de league, wey go undefeated. Once again, na Djurgården beat Umeå insyd de cup, dem lose by score of 3–1 insyd de final, thus dem avenge 7–0 league defeat to Umeå sam three weeks earlier. Insyd 2006, Umeå san win de league widout losing, wey Marta, as insyd de previous year, na she be de league ein top scorer plus 21 goals. Umeå cruise to 11–1 aggregate win over Norwegian side Kolbotn FK insyd de UEFA Women's Cup, wey Marta score twice insyd both matches. For de third time for row, na she dey for de losing side top insyd de Swedish cup final wen na Linköpings FC defeat ein side 3–2. Na de 2007 season be relatively successful give Umeå, plus de club win both de league, for wich dem fini nine points ahead of Djurgården,<ref>[https://archive.today/20120912023220/http://www.svenskfotboll.se/t3damre.aspx?p=1408601&scr=table&ftid=643 "Tabell och resultat – Damallsvenskan"]. ''svenskfotboll.se'' (insyd Swedish). Svenska Fotbollförbundet. Archived from [http://www.svenskfotboll.se/t3damre.aspx?p=1408601&scr=table&ftid=643 the original] on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2009.</ref> den de Swedish Cup, wey dem beat AIK 4–3 for match insyd wich Marta score hat-trick, de last (winning) goal dey cam three minutes from time. Marta score 25 goals insyd de league, wey dem fini one goal behind de top scorer Lotta Schelin.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071225070600/http://www.svenskfotboll.se/t2dam.aspx?p=287911 "Skytteliga 2007"]. ''svenskfotboll.se'' (insyd Swedish). Svenska Fotbollförbundet. Archived from [http://www.svenskfotboll.se/t2dam.aspx?p=287911 the original] on 25 December 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2009.</ref> Insyd de UEFA Women's Cup dem reach de final for de fourth time buh dem suffer disappointment, wey dem lose 1–0 on aggregate to Arsenal. De 2008 season see Umeå den Marta win anoda Swedish championship title. After de end of de season, speculation arise wey dey concern de future of Marta wey couple of months later, for de day of de FIFA World Player of the Year Awards insyd January 2009, Marta announce say she go play for de American side Los Angeles Sol for de next three years.<ref>Wåhlin, Johan (12 January 2009). [http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=647&a=873009 "Marta bäst i världen – flyttar till LA"]. ''dn.se'' (in Swedish). Retrieved 13 January 2009.</ref> For de request of Marta, de Los Angeles side sanso purchase Johanna Frisk from Umeå IK,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081024002513/http://www.fotbollsexpressen.se/Internationell%2Bfotboll/1.1343544/martas-krav-till-usa-ta-med-frisk "Martas krav till USA: Ta med Frisk"] (insyd Swedish). Fotbollsexpressen.se. 23 October 2008. Archived from [http://www.fotbollsexpressen.se/Internationell%2Bfotboll/1.1343544/martas-krav-till-usa-ta-med-frisk the original] on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2009.</ref> wich lead to report by Swedish TV4 sports presenter Patrick Ekwall dat na Marta den Frisk be lesbian couple.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101113022029/http://arbetaren.se/articles/kultur20090120-4 "Ekwalls rekord"] (insyd Swedish). Arbetaren.se. 2 January 2009. Archived from [http://www.arbetaren.se/articles/kultur20090120-4 the original] on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2009.</ref> Both players deny dis to be true.<ref>[https://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/fotbollsbladet/sverige/damallsvenskan/article4172741.ab "Frisk: Vi är inget par"] (insyd Swedish). Aftonbladet.se. 13 January 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2009.</ref> Na Marta ein life den football prowess be depicted insyd de 2005 Swedish television documentary "Marta – Pelés kusin" ("Marta – Pelé ein cousin"). === Los Angeles Sol === [[File:Marta_star.jpg|left|thumb|Marta insyd 2009 WPS All-Stars match against Umeå IK.]] For de day dem name am FIFA World Player of the Year insyd January 2009, Marta announce say she go join Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) team Los Angeles Sol give de league ein inaugural season for three-year contract.<ref>[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/sports_blog/2009/01/brazilian-stand.html "The Fabulous Forum"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. 12 January 2009.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090402071802/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=991996.html "Newly crowned Marta to join US league"]. FIFA. 12 January 2009. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=991996.html the original] on 2 April 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2012.</ref> Of ein signing, she say, "For me, the most important thing is to be in a place where the best players in the world are playing, and this is what they are trying to do here. The American League is being considered one of the best in the world, so I had to come now."<ref>[http://www.espnfc.com/news/story?id=625114&cc=5901 "Marta bringing star power to the L.A. Sol"]. ESPN. The Associated Press. 5 March 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2014.</ref> Na Marta be de league ein top scorer for de 2009 season plus ten goals den three assists.<ref>[http://bleacherreport.com/articles/312695-marta-marta-marta-sol-star-named-fifa-womens-player-of-the-year "Marta! Marta! Marta!: LA Sol Star Named FIFA Women's Player of the Year"]. Bleacher Report. 22 December 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2014.</ref> Na de Sol be regular season champions wey dem reach de WPS Championship Final, wer na e lost 1–0 to Sky Blue FC.<ref>Herbert, Steven (7 January 2010). [http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/LA-Sol-Loses-1-0-in-Womens-Pro-Soccer-Championship-Game-54184762.html "NJ Sky Blue Eclipse LA Sol 1–0 in Championship"]. NBC Los Angeles. Retrieved 24 April 2014.</ref> === Santos === During de off-season plus Los Angeles Sol, she sign three-month loan contract plus Santos make dem play insyd de Copa Libertadores den insyd de Copa do Brasil,<ref>Adilson Barros (1 August 2009). [http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Times/Santos/0,,MUL1251318-9874,00-PEIXE+ANUNCIA+MARTA+QUE+DEVERA+RECEBER+A+CAMISA+DAS+MAOS+DE+PELE.html "Peixe anuncia Marta, que deverá receber a camisa 10 das mãos de Pelé"] (insyd Portuguese). GloboEsporte.com. Retrieved 5 August 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.womensprosoccer.com/Home/news/general/091009-off-season-loand.aspx womensprosoccer.com] [https://web.archive.org/web/20091019031514/http://www.womensprosoccer.com/Home/news/general/091009-off-season-loand.aspx Archived] 19 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine; International Report: WPS Stars Head Overseas in the Off-Season</ref> wey she help ein club win both competitions, wey she score goal insyd de Libertadores final den two insyd de Copa do Brasil final.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120227040321/http://esporte.ig.com.br/futebol/2009/10/18/sereias+da+vila+dao+show+e+santos+e+campeao+da+libertadores+8865945.html "'Sereias da Vila' dão show e Santos é campeão da Libertadores"] (insyd Portuguese). iG. 18 October 2009. [http://esporte.ig.com.br/futebol/2009/10/18/sereias+da+vila+dao+show+e+santos+e+campeao+da+libertadores+8865945.html Archived] from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/esportes,santos-bate-botucatu-e-fatura-a-copa-do-brasil-feminina,475189,0.htm "Santos bate Botucatu e conquista a Copa do Brasil feminina"] (insyd Portuguese). Estadão. 1 December 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2009.</ref> === FC Gold Pride === [[File:Marta_at_2010_WPS_Championship_5.JPG|right|thumb|Marta dey play give FC Gold Pride for de 2010 WPS Championship]] Insyd January 2010, de Sol cease operations<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2010/01/28/los-angeles-sol-wps-folds-season/ foxnews.com]; Los Angeles Sol of WPS folds after first season</ref> wey de rights to Marta, den ein teammates na dem make available insyd de 2010 WPS Dispersal Draft. Na de FC Gold Pride acquire de rights to Marta as dema first pick.<ref>"Four-Time FIFA World Player of the Year Marta to Join the Pride". ''FC Gold Pride''. 4 February 2010. Retrieved 1 April 2010.</ref> She appear insyd all of de Pride ein 24 games wey she score 19 goals, wey earn am de WPS MVP den WPS Golden Boot for de second year for row. Marta sanso appear insyd de WPS All-Star 2010, wer na she captain one of de teams as de top international vote-getter. She lead de Gold Pride to de regular-season championship wey she get two assists den goal insyd de WPS Championship against de Philadelphia Independence, wey earn am MVP honors.<ref>"Marta named MVP of 2010 WPS Championship". 27 September 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010.</ref> She cam turn free agent after de Gold Pride folded for 17 November 2010. === Return to Santos === For 16 December 2010, Santos san present Marta. Na ebe two-month contract wey fi cam turn link of year, buh e no do. De board of directors confirm e dey finalize negotiations give de club to dispute de women's football league insyd de United States insyd 2011. However, under de competition regulation, de club go get five Brazilian players per – Marta den four. === Western New York Flash === For 25 January 2011, Marta join ein third WPS team insyd three years, de expansion team Western New York Flash, wey take over de third year of ein contract plus de Gold Pride.<ref>[http://www.womensprosoccer.com/Home/news/general/110125-wny-marta.aspx womensprosoccer.com] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718075536/http://www.womensprosoccer.com/Home/news/general/110125-wny-marta.aspx Archived] 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine; Western New York Flash acquire Marta; 25 January 2011.</ref> Na Marta ein two goals den four assists be key part of de 3–0–1 start give de team ein 2011 season. Western New York Flash forward Marta help ein team to de Regular Season Championship title, wey she score ein tenth goal of de season insyd 2–0 victory over de Atlanta Beat for Sunday, en route to make she earn ein third consecutive PUMA Golden Boot award. De Brazilian soccer star edge out fellow Flash forward Christine Sinclair insyd de tiebreaker, she have greater production rate base for goals per game average.<ref>"Flash Forward Marta Captures Third Consecutive PUMA Golden Boot Award". ''svenskfotboll.se''. womensprosoccer. Retrieved 13 January 2009.</ref> === Tyresö FF === [[File:Marta_Vieira_da_Silva_2013.jpg|left|thumb|Marta insyd 2013]] As WPS cancell de 2012 season, Marta decide make she return to Damallsvenskan insyd Sweden. For 22 February 2012 she sign two-year contract plus Tyresö FF.<ref>[http://www.uefa.com/women/news/newsid=1757170.html "Marta returns to Sweden with Tyresö"]. UEFA. 22 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.</ref> Na ein extraordinary salary of about $400,000<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120427141751/http://bigapplesoccer.com/sections/wps2.php?article_id=29817 "Marta signs with Tyreso FF"]. bigapplesoccer.com. 22 February 2012. Archived from [http://www.bigapplesoccer.com/sections/wps2.php?article_id=29817 the original] on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20221003075703/http://www.womenssoccerunited.com/profiles/blog/show?id=3074237%3ABlogPost%3A164624&commentId=3074237%3AComment%3A165526&xg_source=activity "Marta's agent in talks with four Swedish clubs Tyresö FF, Malmö, Linköping and Umeå"]. womenssoccerunited.com. 26 January 2012. Archived from [http://www.womenssoccerunited.com/profiles/blog/show?id=3074237%3ABlogPost%3A164624&commentId=3074237%3AComment%3A165526&xg_source=activity the original] on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2012.</ref> per season dem pay by external sponsors wey e no be de club, ein owners state.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190409230855/https://www.womensoccer.de/2012/02/22/marta-wechselt-zu-tyreso-ff/ "Marta transfers to Tyresö FF"] (insyd German). womensoccer.de. 22 February 2012. Archived from [http://www.womensoccer.de/2012/02/22/marta-wechselt-zu-tyreso-ff/ the original] on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2012.</ref> Tyresö win de Damallsvenskan title for de first time insyd de 2012 season den Marta collect ein fifth league winner's medal.<ref>Cleris, Johannes (3 November 2012). [http://www.dn.se/sport/fotboll/tyreso-vann-sm-guld-efter-dramatik/ "Tyresö vann SM-guld efter dramatik"]. ''Dagens Nyheter'' (insyd Swedish). Retrieved 27 June 2013.</ref> Marta score twice insyd Tyresö ein 4–3 defeat by Wolfsburg insyd de 2014 UEFA Women's Champions League Final.<ref>Saffer, Paul (22 May 2014). [http://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/season=2014/matches/round=2000498/match=2014107/postmatch/report/ "Müller the hero again as Wolfsburg win classic final"]. UEFA. Retrieved 22 June 2014.</ref> Na Tyresö suffer financial implosion insyd 2014 wey dem withdraw from de 2014 Damallsvenskan season, dey erase all dema results den dey make all dema players free agents. De Stockholm County Administrative Board publish de players dema salaries, wey dey show Marta be de highest earner for SEK 168 000 per month.<ref>Jönsson, Fredrik; Nordmark, Kajsa (5 June 2014). [https://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/fotboll/sverige/damallsvenskan/article19010400.ab "Tyresö lämnar damallsvenskan"] (insyd Swedish). Aftonbladet. Retrieved 22 June 2014.</ref> As news of Tyresö ein financial difficulties spread, Marta link plus transfer to Avaldsnes IL. Buh de Norwegian Toppserien club ein chairmo warn say she go for take substantial pay cut.<ref>Bråstedt, Mats (8 April 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190626203229/http://www.damfotboll.com/nyheter/2014/04/norsk-klubb-vill-ha-marta "Norsk klubb vill ha Marta"] (insyd Swedish). Damfotboll.com. Archived from [http://www.damfotboll.com/nyheter/2014/04/norsk-klubb-vill-ha-marta the original] on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2014.</ref> Na dem sanso report Paris Saint-Germain Féminines approach Marta den Tyresö teammate Caroline Seger.<ref>Bråstedt, Mats (9 April 2014). [http://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/damallsvenskan/seger-och-marta-nara-en-flytt-till-paris-sg/ "Seger och Marta nära en flytt till Paris SG"] (insyd Swedish). Expressen. Retrieved 22 June 2014.</ref> === Rosengård === Insyd July 2014, she sign six-month contract plus defending champion FC Rosengård insyd Sweden.<ref>Kassouf, Jeff (21 July 2014). [https://equalizersoccer.com/2014/07/21/marta-signs-fc-rosengard-contract/ "Marta stays in Sweden, signs with FC Rosengård – Equalizer Soccer"].</ref> While plus de Swedish club, Marta win de Damallsvenskan league title insyd 2014 den 2015, de Svenska Cupen insyd 2016, den de Svenska Supercupen insyd 2015 den 2016. === Orlando Pride === After Rosengård lost to Barcelona insyd de quarterfinals of de UEFA Women's Champions League, Marta join Orlando Pride for free transfer from Rosengård, wich dem agree make dem terminate ein contract. Na ein fresh contract plus Orlando be for two years, plus de option for third.<ref>Wahl, Grant. [https://www.si.com/planet-futbol/2017/04/07/marta-orlando-pride-nwsl-brazil "Brazil star Marta signs with NWSL's Orlando Pride"]. ''SI.com''. Retrieved 20 May 2017.</ref> For ein first season for Orlando, she fini second insyd de league for both goals den assists wey na dem vote am MVP by ein teammates.<ref>[https://www.themaneland.com/2017/12/4/16731392/2017-orlando-pride-season-in-review-marta "2017 Orlando Pride Season in Review: Marta"]. ''The Mane Land''. Retrieved 13 May 2018.</ref> De Pride end de season insys third place wey earn dem dema first-ever playoff appearance wer na dem lost insyd de semi-finals to de Portland Thorns. Ahead of de 2022 season, na dem name Marta captain wey dey follow de offseason departure of Ashlyn Harris. She suffer ACL tear for ein left knee insyd for March 26 during de second game of de 2022 NWSL Challenge Cup wey na dem place am for de club ein season-ending injury list after surgery.<ref>[https://www.orlandocitysc.com/news/orlando-pride-forward-marta-placed-on-season-ending-injury-list "Orlando Pride forward Marta placed on Season Ending Injury list"]. ''www.orlandocitysc.com''.</ref> For 2 October 2023, Marta cam turn de first player make she reach 100 appearances for de Pride insyd 1–0 win over Angel City FC.<ref>[https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/martas-moments-a-look-at-the-orlando-pride-captain-s-top-moments-in-her-100-app "Marta's moments: A look at the Orlando Pride captain's top moments in her 100 appearances"]. ''www.orlandocitysc.com''.</ref> Insyd de first home game of de 2024 season, Marta score de equalizer insyd de 88th minute of de 1–1 draw plus Angel City.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240323084428/https://digitaledition.orlandosentinel.com/tribune/article_popover.aspx?guid=441788c0-8e17-4662-8dcb-d9ca6ba72ecf "Marta delivers late goal on free kick to help Pride come away with draw - Orlando Sentinel"]. ''digitaledition.orlandosentinel.com''. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</ref> Insyd de away game against Utah Royals, she score insyd de 68th minute of de 1–0 victory wey she claim Orlando Pride ein 200th goal.<ref>[https://kslsports.com/514974/utah-royals-orlando-pride-match-recap-april-2024/#:~:text=In%20the%2068th%20minute%2C%20Marta,midway%20through%20the%20second%20half.&text=Like%20the%20first%20half%2C%20both,45%20minutes%20of%20game%20time. "Utah Royals Shutout, Downed By Marta, Orlando Pride"]. 12 April 2024.</ref> == International career == For 26 July 2007, Marta den de Brazilian women's team beat de US U-20 national team make dem win de Pan American Games for de Estádio do Maracanã in front of crowd of 68,000. Na dem compare am, by de Brazilian fans, plus Brazilian great Pelé, dem dey bell am "Pelé with skirts." Pelé ein self agree plus de comparison. Marta say he bell am make he congratulate am for de win den dat na she be extremely happy make she hear dat one of de greatest players ever follow ein team's games.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080322070347/http://pan2007.globo.com/PAN/Noticias/0,,MUL78950-3873,00.html "GloboEsporte.com > Pan2007 > Futebol Pan2007 - NOTÍCIAS - Pelé diz que Marta é Pelé de saias"]. ''pan2007.globo.com''.</ref> Afterward, na dem record de imprint of her feet insyd cement for de stadium, wey make am de first woman make dem honor am. Marta participate insyd de 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup plus Brazil, wey stroll thru de group stage, wey dem win all three games plus Marta score four goals. Insyd de quarter-final, Brazil win 3–2 against Australia, plus Marta net from de penalty spot. Insyd de semi-final, Marta score twice Brazil win 4–0 against de United States— na de second goal she score spectacularly. Insyd de final, Brazil lost 2–0 to Germany. Marta get penalty kick dem save midway thru de second half, wich na e go tie de match. She fini de 2007 Women's World Cup as de winner of both de Golden Ball as de top individual player den de 'Golden Boot' as de competition ein top scorer plus seven goals. [[File:Marta2.png|right|thumb|Marta wear de Brazil number 10 during match insyd de 2007 Pan American Games]] Marta sanso play insyd de 2008 Summer Olympics, wey earn am silver medal. After ein personal duel insyd de final plus United States goalkeeper Hope Solo, 1–0 defeat consign Marta to ein third consecutive runners–up medal insyd major international tournaments.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110901015009/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/07/10/156992.html "US women hope Solo keeps Brazil's Marta from finding the net"]. Al Arabiya. 10 July 2011. Archived from [http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/07/10/156992.html the original] on 1 September 2011. Retrieved 6 September 2011.</ref> Na Marta be part of de Brazil team for de 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, wer de United States eliminate Brazil insyd de quarter-finals. She record four goals den two assists insyd de tournament make she move joint top of de all-time women's World Cup goalscorer list alongsyd Birgit Prinz for 14.<ref>[http://www.kansascity.com/2011/07/10/3005451/recap-brazil-vs-united-states.html "Recap: Brazil vs. United States"]. Retrieved 10 July 2011.</ref> E sanso earn am de Silver Boot as de tournament ein second-leading goal scorer. From ein first touch insyd de tournament against Australia, na Marta be heavily jeered by local den opposing fans.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714060259/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gzpgy1H_NC_-LjrNHgwJakEJanaA?docId=CNG.011479171ac142806e7888ecf0eeb397.151 "Boos for Marta bemuse Brazil coach Lima"]. AFP. 10 July 2011. Archived from [https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gzpgy1H_NC_-LjrNHgwJakEJanaA?docId=CNG.011479171ac142806e7888ecf0eeb397.151 the original] on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111010005315/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/solo-soars-as-marta-is-jeered/1179856 "Solo soars as Marta is jeered"]. ''St Petersburg Times''. 10 July 2011. Archived from [http://www.tampabay.com/sports/solo-soars-as-marta-is-jeered/1179856 the original] on 10 October 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.</ref> During ein fourth World Cup insyd 2015, Marta cam turn de all-time top scorer of de women's tournament plus 15 goals once she score de second goal insyd Brazil ein debut against South Korea.<ref>[http://esporte.uol.com.br/futebol/ultimas-noticias/2015/06/09/marta-faz-de-penalti-e-se-torna-a-maior-goleadora-da-historia-das-copas.htm Marta faz de pênalti e se torna a maior goleadora da história das Copas, Universo Online] (insyd Portuguese)</ref> Brazil lost to Australia insyd de round-of-16. During de 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, she cam turn de first player, male anaa female, make she score for five FIFA World Cup tournaments wen she score penalty against Australia insyd Brazil ein second group game. Insyd de next match, she score anoda penalty, dis time against Italy, make she cam turn de outright goalscorer wey dey lead, male anaa female, for de World Cup plus 17 goals for total.<ref name=":0" /> After na dem knock Brazil out by hosts France insyd de Round of 16,<ref>Fisher, Bethany (2 August 2023). [https://herfootballhub.com/jamaica-south-africa-world-cup-brazil-marta-farewell/ "Jamaica and South Africa make World Cup history, Marta bids an emotional farewell"]. ''Her Football Hub''. Retrieved 24 October 2023.</ref> Marta give emotional interview to television cameras wer na she plead plus Brazilian girlies make dem continue de legacy of ageing legends such as ein self, Formiga, den Cristiane. She implore dem make dem "value [women's football] more" den make dem "cry at the beginning so you can smile at the end." Na de interview go viral during de tournament, plus videos get tens of thousands of retweets for Twitter top.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48739925 "Brazil's Marta gives emotional speech to next generation"]. ''BBC Sport''. BBC. 23 June 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2019.</ref> For dat period of time, Marta enter top 10 de most popular footballer insyd de global ranking of de Wikipedia. For 21 July 2021, she score twice insyd 5–0 win against China make she cam turn de first player make she score for five straight Olympics insyd.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/21/sport/marta-formiga-brazil-2020-tokyo-olympics-china-spt-intl/index.html "Brazil football legends Marta and Formiga create Olympic history"]. ''CNN''. 21 July 2021.</ref> For 26 April 2024, Marta announce ein retirement from international football dey follow de [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Summer Olympics]].<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/brazil-great-marta-retire-international-football-end-year-2024-04-26/ "Brazil great Marta to retire from international football at end of year"]. ''Reuters''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref><ref>Fisher, Bethany (2 August 2023). [https://herfootballhub.com/jamaica-south-africa-world-cup-brazil-marta-farewell/ "Jamaica and South Africa make World Cup history, Marta bids an emotional farewell"]. ''Her Football Hub''. Retrieved 6 August 2024.</ref> Na dem send am off insyd de first half stoppage time of Brazil ein final group play match against Spain, wey lef am ineligible give dema quarter-final match against France. == Style of play == [[File:Football_against_poverty_2014_-_Marta.jpg|right|thumb|Marta dey play insyd de Match Against Poverty insyd March 2014]] Small, quick, yet sturdy den tenacious player,<ref>Stephanie Nolen (14 June 2015). [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/a-vicious-circle-plagues-the-world-of-womens-soccer-in-brazil/article24954058/ "A 'vicious circle' plaguing the world of women's soccer in Brazil"]. ''The Globe and Mail''. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</ref> wey dem dey regard am by chaw people insyd de sport as de greatest female footballer of all time, Marta be renowned for ein flair, quick feet, den exceptional skill for de ball top, wich earn am comparisons plus Ronaldinho,<ref>[https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/sports/2006-12/21/content_764247.htm "Marta inspired by Ronaldinho"]. ''www.chinadaily.com.cn''.</ref> Romário,<ref name=":4">Alex Bellos (3 June 2007). [https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/jun/03/womensfootball.football "Chilled to perfection"]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref> den sanso [[Pelé]], wey ein self dubb am as ''Pelé with skirts''.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140326144433/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/international-athletes/9427375/Marta-Vieira-da-Silva-Marta.html "Marta Vieira da Silva (Marta)"]. ''The Telegraph''. Archived from [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/international-athletes/9427375/Marta-Vieira-da-Silva-Marta.html the original] on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref> For addition to ein vision den technical skills,<ref name=":4" /> dem sanso know Marta for ein pace wen she dey dribble at speed.<ref name=":4" /><ref>Bonnie D. Ford (10 June 2015). [https://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/2015worldcup/story/_/id/13041656/women-world-cup-marta-quest-soccer-glory "Marta's quest for soccer glory"]. ESPN. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref><ref name=":6">Joanne C. Gerstner (24 June 2011). [https://www.espn.com/espnw/news/story/_/id/6696649/ten-watch-2011-women-world-cup "Ten to watch in Women's World Cup"]. ESPN. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref> Marta be capable make she play insyd chaw offensive positions: she begin ein career insyd offensive midfield role as classic number 10,<ref name=":5">Michael T. Shepard (25 September 2003). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/2003/09/25/brazils-marta-is-a-10/7b15ba31-ab88-494a-952d-a92239e33e2a/ "Brazil's Marta Is a 10"]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref><ref>Paul Saffer (22 April 2007). [http://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/newsid=530128.html "Marta ready to work for Umeå"]. UEFA.com. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref> although na dem later deploy am insyd more advanced role,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160215061248/http://www.fifa.com/womens-football/news/y=2014/m=7/news=marta-makes-latest-swedish-move-2407799.html "Marta makes latest Swedish move"]. FIFA.com. 24 July 2014. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/womens-football/news/y=2014/m=7/news=marta-makes-latest-swedish-move-2407799.html the original] on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref> both as supporting forward<ref>Wade, Stephen (27 September 2007). [https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/usa-0-brazil-4-martas-masterclass-humbles-us-403718.html "USA 0 Brazil 4: Marta's masterclass humbles US"]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref> den as main striker,<ref>Reem Abulleil (21 May 2015). [https://news.yahoo.com/interview-marta-aiming-end-her-010200417.html "INTERVIEW: Brazil striker Marta aiming to end her long wait for World Cup glory"]. Yahoo.com. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</ref> anaa even for de wing top, position wich dey allow am make she cut into de middle den shoot for goal plus ein stronger left foot.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2007/sep/27/newsstory.sport "US women crash out of World Cup 4–0 to Brazil"]. ''The Guardian''. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160804012854/http://www.ottawasun.com/2011/07/03/marta-leads-brazil-into-quarters "Marta leads Brazil into quarters"]. The Ottawa Sun. 3 July 2011. Archived from [http://www.ottawasun.com/2011/07/03/marta-leads-brazil-into-quarters the original] on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</ref> Although dem primarily know am for ein creativity, chance creation, den ability make she play off of ein teammates as advanced playmaker,<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160215061248/http://www.fifa.com/womens-football/news/y=2004/m=10/news=2003-magical-marta-ups-the-tempo-the-states-94471.html "2003: Magical Marta ups the tempo in the States"]. FIFA.com. 15 October 2004. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/womens-football/news/y=2004/m=10/news=2003-magical-marta-ups-the-tempo-the-states-94471.html the original] on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref><ref>Jeff Carlisle (9 July 2011). [https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/news/_/columnist/carlisle_jeff/id/6745985/us-defeat-marta-co "Will the U.S. defeat Marta & Co.?"]. ESPN. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref> Marta be prolific goalscorer, wey be renowned for ein striking ability;<ref>Hughes, Rob (11 January 2011). [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/12/sports/soccer/12iht-SOCCER12.html?_r=0 "The Best Player on Earth Is Looking for a Job"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref> she sanso be accurate from penalties den set-pieces.<ref>Paolo Bandini (10 July 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/10/brazil-usa-live-womens-world-cup "Brazil v USA – as it happened]". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</ref> For addition to ein footballing abilities, Marta sanso stand out give ein leadership.<ref>Bobby Ilich (6 December 2015). [http://www.ibtimes.com/womens-world-cup-2015-one-foreign-soccer-player-stands-out-above-rest-get-know-1965166 "Women's World Cup 2015: One Foreign Soccer Player Stands Out Above The Rest – Get To Know Brazil's Marta"]. ''International Business Times''. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</ref> == Ein life matter == Marta get three siblings, José, Valdir, den Angela. Ein parents be Aldário den Tereza. Ein poppie lef de family while na Marta be baby.<ref>[https://www.theplayerstribune.com/articles/marta-brazil-letter-to-my-younger-self "Letter to My Younger Self - By Marta"]. ''The Players' Tribune''. 24 August 2017.</ref> Insyd 2010, na dem name Marta United Nations Development Programme goodwill ambassador<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104124454/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/10/11/marta.un.ap/index.html "Brazilian star Marta to be UN goodwill ambassador"]. SI.com. 11 October 2010. Archived from [http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/10/11/marta.un.ap/index.html the original] on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2010.</ref> den insyd 2018 UN Women goodwill ambassador.<ref>[https://www.unwomen.org/en/partnerships/goodwill-ambassadors/marta-vieira-da-silva "Marta Vieira da Silva"]. ''UN Women''. Retrieved 6 February 2024.</ref> Marta be fluent insyd Portuguese, Swedish den English.<ref>L. Jones, Grahame (25 February 2009). [http://articles.latimes.com/2009/feb/25/sports/sp-marta25 "Marta has come a long way, takes on new challenge in U.S."] ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved 21 September 2018.</ref> She be Catholic wey dey state say God be very important to am, although she no dey go church often.<ref>[http://www.womenssoccerunited.com/abbey-road-sunday-guest-marta-vieira-da-silva-english-translation/ "Abbey Road – Sunday Guest Marta Vieira Da Silva (English Translation)"]. Women's Soccer United. 27 February 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2015.</ref> Insyd 2016, na dem list am as one of BBC ein 100 Women.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-38012048 "BBC 100 Women 2016: Who is on the list?"]. ''BBC News''. 21 November 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2019.</ref> Insyd March 2017, Marta receive Swedish citizenship. She retain ein Brazilian citizenship den, she already cap by Brazil; e no make am eligible make she represent Sweden.<ref>Svensson, Elin Öhlund (14 March 2017). [https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/9aM7p "Rosengårds Marta Da Silva svensk medborgare"] [Rosengård's Marta Da Silva Swedish citizen]. ''Aftonbladet'' (insyd Swedish). Retrieved 7 May 2021.</ref> She gain U.S. green card insyd February 2021, wey dey give am permanent residency status wey sanso dey qualify am as domestic player give NWSL roster purposes.<ref>[https://www.orlandocitysc.com/post/2021/02/17/brazilian-legend-marta-orlando-pride-agree-new-contract "Brazilian Legend Marta, Orlando Pride Agree to New Contract"]. ''www.orlandocitysc.com''.</ref> == Career statistics == === Club === : ''As of 14 April 2024'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances den goals by club, season den competition ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Club ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Season ! colspan="3" scope="col" |League ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Cup ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Continental ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Total |- ! scope="col" |Division ! scope="col" |Apps ! scope="col" |Goals ! scope="col" |Apps ! scope="col" |Goals ! scope="col" |Apps ! scope="col" |Goals ! scope="col" |Apps ! scope="col" |Goals |- |Los Angeles Sol |2009 |WPS |20 |10 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |20 |10 |- |Santos |2009 |Série A | colspan="2" |– |7 |18 |6 |7 |13 |25 |- |Gold Pride |2010 |WPS |25 |20 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |25 |20 |- |Santos |2011 |Série A | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |4 |2 |4 |2 |- |Western New York Flash |2011 |WPS |15 |10 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |15 |10 |- | rowspan="3" |Tyresö |2012 | rowspan="6" |Damallsvenskan |21 |12 |4 |4 | colspan="2" |– |25 |16 |- |2013 |15 |12 |1 |1 |8 |7 |24 |20 |- |2014 |2 |3 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |– |3 |4 |- | rowspan="3" |Rosengård |2014 |9 |5 |5 |2 |6 |4 |20 |11 |- |2015 |21 |8 |5 |5 |6 |5 |32 |18 |- |2016 |19 |13 |4 |0 |6 |0 |29 |13 |- | rowspan="8" |Orlando Pride |2017 | rowspan="8" |NWSL |24 |13 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |24 |13 |- |2018 |17 |4 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |17 |4 |- |2019 |14 |6 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |14 |6 |- |2020 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |4 |0 |- |2021 |19 |4 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |– |23 |4 |- |2022 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |– |2 |0 |- |2023 |18 |4 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– |18 |4 |- |2024 |4 |2 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |4 |2 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !247 !126 !33 !31 !36 !25 !316 !182 |} # '''^''' NWSL Fall Series == Honours == [[File:Football_against_poverty_2014_-_Marta_(2).jpg|right|thumb|Marta during de 2014 Match Against Poverty insyd Bern, Switzerland]] '''Umeå IK''' * Damallsvenskan: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008<ref name=":7">[https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0238-0e167cb9c836-242258439f23-1000--how-brilliant-is-marta/ "How brilliant is Marta?"]. ''UEFA.com''. 7 April 2017.</ref> * Svenska Cupen: 2007<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231022075523/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/aik-umea-ik-svenska-cupen-damer/719751/ "AIK - Umeå IK - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll"]. ''www.svenskfotboll.se'' (insyd Swedish).</ref> * UEFA Women's Cup: 2003–04;<ref name=":7" /> runner-up: 2006–07, 2007–08<ref name=":7" /> '''Santos''' * Copa Libertadores de Fútbol Femenino: 2009<ref name=":7" /> * Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino: 2009<ref name=":7" /> '''FC Gold Pride''' * WPS Championship: 2010<ref name=":7" /> '''Western New York Flash''' * WPS Championship: 2011<ref name=":7" /> '''Tyresö FF''' * Damallsvenskan: 2012<ref name=":7" /> * UEFA Women's Champions League runner-up: 2013–14<ref name=":7" /> '''FC Rosengård''' * Damallsvenskan: 2014, 2015<ref name=":7" /> '''Brazil''' * Pan American Games: 2003, 2007<ref name=":7" /> * Sudamericano Femenino: 2003, 2010, 2018<ref name=":7" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210807202325/http://www.cafemchile2018.cl/noticia/96/brasil-se-corono-campeon-invicto-de-la-copa-america-femenina-2018 "Brasil se coronó campeón invicto de la Copa América Femenina 2018"]. ''cafemchile2018.cl''. 19 December 2023.</ref> * FIFA Women's World Cup runner-up: 2007<ref name=":7" /> * Summer Olympics runner-up: 2004, 2008<ref name=":7" /> '''Individual''' * FIFA World Player of de Year/The Best FIFA Women's Player<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45631205 "Luka Modric named best male player and Marta best female player at Fifa awards"]. ''BBC News/Sport/Football''. 24 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.</ref> – Winner (6): 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2018 * The Best FIFA Women's Player – runner-up: 2016<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170110091615/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/ballon-dor/general/02/86/27/26/thebest_rankingpresslist2016_neutral.pdf "The Best FIFA Football Awards - Results"] (PDF). ''FIFA.com''. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 9 January 2017. Archived from [http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/ballon-dor/general/02/86/27/26/thebest_rankingpresslist2016_neutral.pdf the original] (PDF) on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2020.</ref> * FIFPro World XI: 2016, 2017, 2019,<ref>Beaard, Raymond. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203723/https://www.fifpro.org/noticias/las-mejores-futbolistas-del-mundo-el-once-mundial/es/ "Las mejores futbolistas: el Once Mundial - FIFPro World Players' Union"]. Archived from [https://www.fifpro.org/noticias/las-mejores-futbolistas-del-mundo-el-once-mundial/es/ the original] on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017.</ref> 2021<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220118145524/https://fifpro.org/en/industry/world-11/2020-2021-women-s-fifa-fifpro-world-11-revealed "The FIFA FIFPRO Women's World 11 Of 2021 - FIFPRO World Players' Union"]. ''FIFPRO''.</ref> * Damallsvenskan Top Scorer: 2004, 2005, 2008<ref>[https://svenskfotboll.se/damallsvenskan/historik/skyttedrottningar-1982-/ "Allsvenska skyttedrottningar 1982–."] Svenskfotboll.se. Retrieved 28 March 2012. (insyd Swedish)</ref> * FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Golden Ball: 2004<ref name=":7" /> * FIFA Women's World Cup Golden Boot: 2007<ref name=":8">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190608151628/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/marta-sweeps-the-board-609039 "FIFA Women's World Cup 2007™ - News - Marta sweeps the board"]. ''www.fifa.com''. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/marta-sweeps-the-board-609039 the original] on 8 June 2019.</ref> * FIFA Women's World Cup Golden Ball: 2007<ref name=":8" /> * FIFA Best Special Award: 2023<ref>[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/articles/incredible-marta-honoured-with-special-award "Incredible Marta honoured with FIFA Special Award"]. ''FIFA.com''. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 15 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.</ref> * WPS Golden Boot: 2009,<ref name=":7" /> 2010,<ref name=":7" /> 2011<ref name=":7" /> * Michelle Akers Player of the Year Award: 2009,<ref>[https://bleacherreport.com/articles/312695-marta-marta-marta-sol-star-named-fifa-womens-player-of-the-year "Marta! Marta! Marta!: LA Sol Star Named FIFA Women's Player of the Year"]. ''Bleacher Report''. 22 December 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2009.</ref> 2010<ref>[https://www.mercurynews.com/2010/09/16/fc-gold-prides-marta-is-wps-most-valuable-player/ "FC Gold Pride's Marta is WPS most valuable player"]. ''The Mercury News''. 16 September 2010. Retrieved 9 January 2023.</ref> * Sudamericano Femenino Golden Boot: 2010<ref>[https://www.fifa.com/news/brazil-reign-again-colombia-make-history-1339135 "Brazil reign again, Colombia make history"]. ''www.fifa.com''.</ref> * ''Sports Illustrated'' Top 20 Female Athletes of de Decade (2000–2009) (#7)<ref>Lawrence, Andrew (22 December 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121103091018/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/magazine/specials/2000s/12/19/top.female.athletes/index.html "2000s: Top 20 Female Athletes"]. ''Sports Illustrated''. Retrieved 29 December 2009.</ref> * IFFHS World's Best Woman Playmaker: 2012<ref>[http://iffhs.de/former-results/ "Former Results"]. IFFHS. Retrieved 13 January 2016.</ref> * IFFHS Women's World Team: 2018<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190515040509/https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-2018-the-women-world-team-2018/ "IFFHS AWARDS – THE WOMEN WORLD TEAM 2018"]. IFFHS.de. 1 December 2018. Archived from [https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-2018-the-women-world-team-2018/ the original] on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</ref> * IFFHS World's Best Woman Player of de Decade 2011–2020<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211108044318/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/953 "IFFHS WORLD'S BEST WOMAN PLAYER OF THE DECADE 2011-2020"]. ''IFFHS''. 7 February 2021.</ref> * IFFHS CONMEBOL Best Woman Player of de Decade 2011–2020<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211106171304/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/939 "IFFHS BEST WOMAN PLAYER - CONMEBOL - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020"]. ''IFFHS''. 2 February 2021.</ref> * IFFHS World's Woman Team of de Decade 2011–2020<ref>[https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/918 "IFFHS WORLD'S WOMAN TEAM OF THE DECADE 2011-2020"]. ''IFFHS''. 25 January 2021.</ref> * IFFHS CONMEBOL Woman Team of de Decade 2011–2020<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210612130225/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/920 "IFFHS WOMAN TEAM - CONMEBOL - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020"]. ''IFFHS''. 26 January 2021.</ref> '''Records''' * FIFA Women's World Cup all-time record goalscorer (17)<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48685664 "Women's World Cup: Brazil forward Marta breaks men's and women's tournament goal record"]. ''BBC Sport''. 19 June 2019.</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * Friedman, Ian C. (2007), ''Latino Athletes'', Infobase Publishing, ISBN 1438107846 * Grainey, Timothy (2012), ''Beyond Bend It Like Beckham: The Global Phenomenon of Women's Soccer'', University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 0803240368 * Kassouf, Jeff (2011), ''Girls Play to Win Soccer'', Norwood House Press, ISBN 1599534649 * McDougall, Chrös (2012), ''Soccer'', ABDO,ISBN 1614785554 * Richards, Ted (2013), ''Soccer and Philosophy: Beautiful Thoughts on the Beautiful Game'', Open Court, ISBN 0812696824 * Stevens, Dakota (2011), ''A Look at the Women's Professional Soccer Including the Soccer Associations, Teams, Players, Awards, and More'', BiblioBazaar, ISBN 1241047464 * Velázquez de León, Mauricio (2010), ''20 Soccer Superstars'', The Rosen Publishing Group, ISBN 1615329471 == External links == Wikimedia Commons get media wey relate to '''''[[commons:Category:Marta_Vieira_da_Silva|Marta Vieira da Silva]]'''''. * [http://www.marta10.com/ Official website] * [https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/6006/ Marta] at Soccerway.com * [https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/marta/ Marta] at WorldFootball.net * [https://www.kicker.de/marta/spieler Marta] at kicker (insyd German) * [https://fbref.com/en/players/3857e361/ Marta] at FBref.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230407082211/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/spelarfakta/0edd6716-d09c-4d9d-9cc1-7e3f0fac277f/ Marta] at de Swedish Football Association (insyd Swedish) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150905/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=190358/index.html Marta] – FIFA competition record (archived) * [https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/clubs/players/93137/ Marta] – UEFA competition record (archive) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240227061008/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/players/marta-vieira-da-silva-veiga Marta] at de National Women's Soccer League * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110630071623/http://www.womensprosoccer.com/wny/players/bios/marta "WPS profile"]. Archived from [http://www.womensprosoccer.com/wny/players/bios/marta the original] on 30 June 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011. [[Category:Human]] [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Footballers]] [[Category:Brazilian women's footballers]] [[Category:Women's association football forwards]] [[Category:Olympic footballers for Brazil]] [[Category:Olympic silver medalists for Brazil]] [[Category:Umeå IK players]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2004 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2008 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2012 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2016 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Alagoas]] [[Category:Brazilian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:FIFA World Player of de Year winners]] [[Category:Los Angeles Sol players]] [[Category:Expatriate women's soccer players insyd de United States]] [[Category:Santos FC (women) players]] [[Category:FC Gold Pride players]] [[Category:Western New York Flash players]] [[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd Sweden]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2007 Pan American Games]] [[Category:2011 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:2015 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:Olympic medalists insyd football]] [[Category:Tyresö FF players]] [[Category:Damallsvenskan players]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2008 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Brazil women's international footballers]] [[Category:Brazilian expatriate women's footballers]] [[Category:FC Rosengård players]] [[Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople insyd Sweden]] [[Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople insyd de United States]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2004 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:FIFA Women's Century Club]] [[Category:Pan American Games gold medalists for Brazil]] [[Category:Pan American Games medalists insyd football]] [[Category:Orlando Pride players]] [[Category:National Women's Soccer League players]] [[Category:2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:2007 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:2003 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:Swedish women's footballers]] [[Category:Swedish Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2007 Pan American Games]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2020 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Women's Professional Soccer players]] [[Category:CR Vasco da Gama (women) players]] [[Category:2023 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:UN Women Goodwill Ambassadors]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] 2seigih5f8grx3wg92d8o6wor30xm81 0 8251 106449 40019 2026-07-09T12:13:51Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ivan Quashigah''' be [[Ghana|Ghanaian]] film maker, creative director wey sana be de founder den C.E.O give '''Farmhouse Productions'''.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ivan-Quashigah-is-a-legend-in-the-Movie-industry-Bra-Charles-510547 "Ivan Quashigah is a legend in the Movie industry – Bra Charles"]. ''Ghanaweb.com''. Retrieved February 22, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.newsghana.com.gh/tag/legendary-ivan-quashigah/ "Tag: legendary Ivan Quashigah"]. ''newsghana.com.gh''. Retrieved February 22, 2019.</ref> Dem know am well for ein award wey he take secof sey he produce den sana direct de award-winning television series ''Things We Do for Love'' den recently ''[[YOLO (2016 TV series)|Yolo]]''.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ivan-Quashigah-is-a-legend-in-the-Movie-industry-Bra-Charles-510547 "Ivan Quashigah is a legend in the Movie industry – Bra Charles"]. ''Ghanaweb.com''. Retrieved February 22, 2019.</ref><ref>"The Life of the Legendary Ghanaian Film Maker Ivan Quashigah". ''tmghlive.com''. Retrieved February 26, 2019.</ref> == Ein Early life == Dem born Ivan for [[Keta Municipal District|Keta]], wey dey south-west part of Ghana, on December 28, 1966. He go learn film directing den scriptwriting for [[National Film and Television Institute]] (NAFTI) for Ghana. He sana get Executive master's degree for Governance plus Leadership for [[Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration|GIMPA]] Graduate School for [[Ghana]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240527133434/https://jonilar.net/2019/02/22/meet-veteran-ghanaian-movie-director-and-entrepreneur-ivan-quashigah/ "Meet Veteran Ghanaian movie director and entrepreneur, Ivan Quashigah"]. February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.</ref> == Ein Career == For 2006, Ivan set up ein own production company, Farmhouse Productions, wey dey do film, TV, den events work.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190222204845/https://kumawoodgh.com/2018/06/22/farmhoues-productions-limited-mr-ivan-quashigah/ "Farmhoues Productions Limited – Mr.Ivan Quashigah"]. June 22, 2018. Archived from [https://kumawoodgh.com/2018/06/22/farmhoues-productions-limited-mr-ivan-quashigah/ the original] on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.</ref> Ivan ein work for film make e win both local den international awards.<ref>"The Life of the Legendary Ghanaian Film Maker Ivan Quashigah". February 23, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.</ref> Ivan current TV series, YOLO - 'You Only Live Once' wey win seven out of eight awards for Ghana Movie Awards 2016, na Farmhouse Productions produce am for National Population Council and ein partners under Ghana Adolescent Reproductive Health Programme - GHARP wey UKAID den USAID dey fund, den FHI360 den Palladium Group dey facilitate am.<ref>[http://news-af.op-mobile.opera.com/news/detail/211d9f4f4b4c0dd6c64b0eeac4b9d7d1_tz "Ivan Quashigah Reveals Secret Behind Fella Makafui's Yolo Persona"]. September 6, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://yfmghana.com/full-list-of-winners-for-2016-ghana-movie-awards/ "Full List Of Winners for 2016 Ghana Movie Awards"]. December 5, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2019.</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Ghanaian film producers]] [[Category:1966 births]] [[Category:Ghanaians]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:People wey komot Volta Region]] [[Category:Ghanaian chief executives]] 107rfqnuya30hnffl0i4xdqo3h7yrif 0 8338 106451 81041 2026-07-09T14:39:46Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kim Eun-jung''', dem nickname am "'''Annie'''"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170322015103/http://www.thegrandslamofcurling.com/curling/team-eunjung-kim/ "Team EunJung Kim"]. ''Grand Slam of Curling''. Archived from [http://www.thegrandslamofcurling.com/curling/team-eunjung-kim/ the original] on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 21, 2017.</ref> (born November 29, 1990) be South Korean curler wey komot Uiseong. She currently dey skip ein own team for de World Curling Tour. Kim skip de national team from 2016 to 2018 wey she represent Korea for home ice top de 2018 Winter Olympics, wer na ein team win silver medal.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180224114813/http://www.worldcurling.org/owg2018/team-korea-profile "Olympic Winter Games PyeongChang 2018 - "If sketching is dreaming, participating in the Olympics is colouring" … meet Team Korea"]. Archived from [http://www.worldcurling.org/owg2018/team-korea-profile the original] on February 24, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2017.</ref> == Career == As junior skip, Kim lead South Korea to three straight silver medals for de Pacific-Asia Junior Curling Championships.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230209123405/https://www.curling.org.nz/index.php/pacific-asia-junior-ccs "Pacific-Asia Junior Curling Championships: Past Results"]. ''New Zealand Curling''. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> Insyd 2010, she loose insyd de final to China ein Liu Jinli,<ref>[https://results.worldcurling.org/Championship/Details/400 "2010 Pacific-Asia Junior Curling Championships"]. ''World Curling Federation''. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> insyd 2011 she loose to Japan ein Sayaka Yoshimura,<ref>[https://results.worldcurling.org/Championship/Details/418 "2011 Pacific-Asia Junior Curling Championships"]. ''World Curling Federation''. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> den insyd 2012 she san loose to Yoshimura.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120330180415/http://www.worldcurlingfederation.org/pacific-asia-junior-curling-championships-2012-medal-games "2012 Pacific-Asia Junior Curling Championships Results"]. ''World Curling Federation''. Archived from [http://www.worldcurlingfederation.org/pacific-asia-junior-curling-championships-2012-medal-games/ the original] on March 30, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref><ref>[https://results.worldcurling.org/Championship/Details/439 "2012 Pacific-Asia Junior Curling Championships"]. ''World Curling Federation''. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> Right after juniors insyd April 2012, Kim earn ein first non-junior national title for de South Korean Curling Championships, dem hold every spring make dem qualify de winner as de national team for de season wey dey follow. For de 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, de South Korean team skip by Eun-jung fini insyd third place after she loose de semifinal to Japan ein Satsuki Fujisawa, wey derfor she fail make she qualify for de world championships.<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/event.php?view=Team&eventid=2858&teamid=64299&profileid= "Kim 8–2 at 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships"]. ''CurlingZone''. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> After she fail make she win de championship insyd 2013, Kim san capture de national championship insyd April 2014. For de 2014 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, she skip South Korea to unbeaten 8–0 round robin record den semifinal win over New Zealand. However, insyd de final, she loose against China ein Liu Sijia on extra-end steal, she narrowly miss berth to de world championships.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yndUy5DWUw '''Video''' (full game): 2014 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships - Final - China (Liu Sijia) vs South Korea (Kim Eun-jung)] on YouTube</ref> Later dat season, ein Korean team compete for de 2015 Winter Universiade wer dem loose insyd tiebreaker to Switzerland ein Michèle Jäggi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180926075851/https://wuni15.sportresult.com/fisu/en/-120/Pdf/GetResultbookPdf?filename=Resultbook%2FCurling.pdf "2015 Winter Universiade Result Book"] (PDF). ''Winter Universiade Games 2015''. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> Despite she no win de national championship for de 2015–16 season, dem get a great season for de World Curling Tour top. Dem win three tour events make dem start de season, de AMJ Campbell Shorty Jenkins Classic,<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/event.php?view=Team&eventid=3846&teamid=88244&profileid=6009# "Kim wins 2015 AMJ Campbell Shorty Jenkins Classic"]. ''CurlingZone''. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> Canad Inns Women's Classic<ref>Resby Coutts (October 24, 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210728071711/https://www.thecurler.com/story,news-item-2143,Koreas-Team-Kim-Wins-CanadInns-Womens-Classic "Korea's Team Kim Wins Canad Inn's Women's Classic"]. The Curler. Archived from [https://www.thecurler.com/story,news-item-2143,Koreas-Team-Kim-Wins-CanadInns-Womens-Classic the original] on July 28, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> den de Uiseong International Curling Tour. Dem sanso compete insyd four Grand Slam of Curling events wey dem reach de semifinals of de 2015 Tour Challenge, wer dem loose to Rachel Homan.<ref>Jonathan Brazeau (September 13, 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250125015720/https://thegrandslamofcurling.com/gushue-to-play-for-tour-challenge-title-on-home-ice/ "Gushue to play for Tour Challenge title on home ice"]. ''Grand Slam of Curling''. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> Dem fini seventh for de money list top for de season, plus $61,617.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160604154744/http://www.worldcurl.com/index.php?task=Money&et=51&eventyear=2016 "2015–16 Money List"]. ''World Curling Tour''. Archived from [http://www.worldcurl.com/index.php?task=Money&et=51&eventyear=2016 the original] on June 4, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> Insyd April 2016, Kim Eun-jung claim ein third national championship by she beat high school curling team skip by Kim Min-ji insyd de final.<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/event.php?view=Team&eventid=4303&teamid=96656&profileid= "Kim wins 2016 Korean National Championship"]. ''CurlingZone''. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> For de 2016 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, ein South Korean team go thru de round robin plus 6–1 record wey she san win de semifinal over New Zealand.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inNg-B4qCwk '''Video''' (full game): 2016 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships - Semifinal - Korea (Kim Eun-jung) vs New Zealand (Chelsea Farley)] on YouTube</ref> Then insyd de final, she defeat China ein Wang Bingyu make she capture ein first Asia-Pacific title.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220410001925/http://wcf.rethink3.com/pacc2016/women-finals "Korea women win gold at home Pacific-Asia Curling Championships 2016"]. World Curling Federation. November 12, 2016. Archived from [http://wcf.rethink3.com/pacc2016/women-finals the original] on April 10, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> Dis qualify ein South Korean team for de 2017 World Women's Curling Championship, ein first World Championship. Dem fini de round robin plus 5–6 record, wey dem fail make dem advance to de playoff round. Insyd May 2017, Kim Eun-jung defend ein national title for de 2017 South Korean Curling Championships, wich sanso serve as trials give de 2018 Winter Olympics, by she win de best-of-seven final over Kim Min-ji ein junior team 4–1 after she defeat Gim Un-chi insyd de best-of-five semifinal 3–2. Dis qualify am den ein longtime squad of vice Kim Kyeong-ae, second Kim Seon-yeong den lead Kim Yeong-mi for dema first Olympic berth, wich na dem miss four years before plus loss to Kim Ji-sun insyd de final of de 2013 South Korean Curling Championships. Later dat year, Kim den ein team defend dema title for de 2017 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, dey go perfect 12–0 thru de tournament.<ref>[http://results.worldcurling.org/Championship/Details/595 "2017 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships"]. ''World Curling Federation''. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> De 2018 Olympic curling team of skip Kim Eun-jung, vice Kim Kyeong-ae, second Kim Seon-yeong, lead Kim Yeong-mi den alternate Kim Cho-hi, coach by Peter Gallant of [[Canada]], receive celebrity status for dema strong performances despite dem enter de tournament as underdogs.<ref>Raisa Bruner (March 9, 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231213221506/https://time.com/5193415/paralympics-garlic-girls/ "Everyone's Favorite Olympics Curling Star Showed Up to the Paralympics Opening Ceremony"]. Time. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> Korea top de round robin standings plus just one loss to Pacific-Asian rivals Satsuki Fujisawa. Dema wins include dem defeat heavily favoured [[Canada]], Great Britain, den Sweden.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/pyeongchang-olympics-day-12-idUSRTX4Y2AC "PyeongChang Olympics Day 12"]. Reuters. February 21, 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2020.</ref> Dem then advance to de final by dem defeat Japan insyd extra end before dem loose to Sweden make dem claim de silver medal.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180225095432/https://olympics.cbc.ca/news/article/south-korea-curling-silver-brings-olympic-spirit-life.html "South Korea's curling silver brings Olympic spirit to life"]. ''CBC''. February 25, 2018. Archived from [https://olympics.cbc.ca/news/article/south-korea-curling-silver-brings-olympic-spirit-life.html the original] on February 25, 2018.</ref> Dem sanso gain international recognition secof fans dey dub dem de "Garlic Girls" since dem all cam from Uiseong wich na dem long know am for ein garlic production buh recently cam turn Korea ein curling capital.<ref>[https://uk.reuters.com/article/olympics-2018-curl-kor-jpn-garlicgirls-h/olympics-curling-uiseong-celebrate-more-garlic-girls-success-idUKL4N1QD4W8 "Olympics-Curling-Uiseong celebrate more Garlic Girls' success"]. Reuters. February 23, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</ref> Since all five team members share de same surname Kim, den as dema actual names be hard make dem pronounce, de team members adopt breakfast-themed nickies: Sunny (reference to Sunny side up eggs<ref>[https://news.joins.com/article/22377376 "여자컬링팀 영어 이름은 '팬케이크·스테이크·써니'... 왜?"]. 19 February 2018.</ref>), Steak, Pancake, Annie (brand of yogurt) den ChoCho (type of cookie).<ref>David Moye (February 20, 2018). [https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/south-korea-womens-curling-nicknames-breakfast_n_5a8c76e5e4b03414379afaf1?ri18n=true "South Korea's Women Curlers Have Nicknames Like Pancake, Steak And Yogurt"]. HuffPost. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</ref> Kim Eun-jung "Annie" sanso be known for ein owl-eyed glasses.<ref>Gelineau, Kristen; Kim, Hyung-Jin (February 23, 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180311141732/http://time.com/5172368/garlic-girls-korea-curling-olympics/ "The 'Garlic Girls' Are the Real Rock Stars of the PyeongChang Olympics"]. ''Time''. Archived from [http://time.com/5172368/garlic-girls-korea-curling-olympics/ the original] on March 11, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.</ref><ref>Laura Armstrong (February 23, 2018). [https://www.thestar.com/sports/olympics/2018/02/23/garlic-girls-give-south-korea-a-taste-for-curling.html "Garlic Girls give South Korea a taste for curling"]. Toronto Sun. Retrieved February 24, 2018.</ref> De month wey dey follow, de team play insyd de 2018 World Women's Curling Championship wer dem qualify give de playoffs plus 8–4 record.<ref>[https://www.curling.ca/blog/2018/03/23/five-of-six-playoff-spots-set-at-ford-world-womens-curling-championship/#:~:text=Five%20of%20six%20playoff%20spots%20set%20at%20Ford,Friday%20at%20the%20Ford%20World%20Women%E2%80%99s%20Curling%20Championship. "Five of six playoff spots set at Ford World Women's Championship"]. Curling Canada. March 23, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</ref> Insyd de quarterfinals, dem loose to de United States ein Jamie Sinclair, wey eliminate dem from contention.<ref>[https://www.curling.ca/blog/2018/03/24/canada-u-s-rematch-set-for-semifinal-at-ford-world-womens-championship/ "Canada - U. S. rematch set up for semifinal at Ford World Women's Championship"]. Curling Canada. March 24, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</ref> De "garlic girls" no play much during de 2018–19 season, amidst coaching scandal, wich involve de country ein sport federation vice pee verbally dey abuse de team den he take prize money away from dem.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/curling/south-korea-olympic-garlic-girls-abuse-1.4932821 "South Korean curling official leaves sport over alleged abuse of 'Garlic Girls'"]. ''CBC Sports''. Retrieved August 3, 2019.</ref> As na she dey prepare make she give birth, na Kim Eun-jung no play insyd de 2019 WCT Arctic Cup plus ein team, de last event of de season.<ref>[http://arcticcurling.com/en/news/pervaya-aziatskaya-komanda-v-istorii-arctic-curling-cup/ "The first Asian team in the history of Arctic Curling Cup"]. Arctic Cup. May 8, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</ref> Alternate Kim Cho-hi play lead as de rest of de team move up de line-up position. Dem fini plus 1–3 record, wey dem miss de playoffs.<ref>[https://curlingzone.com/event.php?view=Team&eventid=5594&teamid=133887&profileid= "Kim 1–3 at 2019 WCT Arctic Cup"]. ''CurlingZone''. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</ref> Team Kim return to de World Curling Tour for de 2019–20 season, buh Eun-jung no go play insys dema first few events. Plus Kim Kyeong-ae skip, ein team qualify for de playoffs for de 2019 Cameron's Brewing Oakville Fall Classic, de 2019 Stu Sells Oakville Tankard wey she fini runner-up for de inaugural WCT Uiseong International Curling Cup.<ref>[https://www.tsn.ca/wct-recap-mike-mcewen-nina-roth-win-uiseong-international-1.1376853 "WCT Recap: Rocque, Tardi back in win column; Jacobs tops Koe in Toronto"]. TSN. October 5, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</ref> Na ein first event back for de ice be de 2019 Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic wer na she throw second rocks buh she still call de team. Dem reach de quarterfinals, wey dem loose to Kerri Einarson. Team Kim sanso make am to de quarterfinals for de 2019 Canad Inns Women's Classic de week after, wer she return to she dey throw skip stones. Dem make am to de final of de 2019 Changan Ford International Curling Elite wey dem fini fourth for de 2019 China Open insyd December 2019.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1WFS8cEvkc '''Video''' (full game): 2019 Changan Ford International Curling Elite - Final - Kim Eun-jung (Korea) vs Alina Kovaleva (Russia)] on YouTube</ref> Insyd de fresh year, dem get quarterfinal finish for de International Bernese Ladies Cup wey dem win de Glynhill Ladies International.<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/event.php?view=Team&eventid=6029&teamid=144230 "Kim wins 2020 Glynhill Ladies International"]. ''CurlingZone''. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</ref> E go be de team ein last event of de season as both de Players' Championship wey na dem cancel de Champions Cup Grand Slam events secof de COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230530043812/https://thegrandslamofcurling.com/gsoc-cancels-remaining-events-of-2019-20-season/ "GSOC cancels remaining events of 2019–20 season"]. ''Grand Slam of Curling''. Grand Slam of Curling. March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.</ref> Kim den ein rink begin de abbreviated 2020–21 season by she win dema national championship for de 2020 Korean Curling Championships.<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/event.php?view=Main&eventid=6807#1 "2020 Korean National Women's Curling Championship"]. ''CurlingZone''. Retrieved April 12, 2021.</ref> After she fini 6–0 thru de round robin, ein team defeat Kim Min-ji 6–5 insyd de 1 vs. 2 page playoff game wey she win 7–5 over Gim Un-chi insyd de championship final. Dema win qualify dem make dem represent Korea for de 2021 World Women's Curling Championship. Na de team have slow start, wey dem loose dema first four games before dem go 7–2 insyd dema final nine games. Dema 7–6 record place dem seventh after de round robin, no be enough make dem qualify for de playoffs den de 2022 Winter Olympics.<ref>Jackie Spiegel (May 9, 2021). [https://www.sportingnews.com/ca/other-sports/news/world-womens-curling-championship-2021-results-standings-schedule-tv-channel/u71y40j4c3avz93qns1vkuc3 "World Women's Curling Championship 2021: Results, standings, schedule and TV channel"]. Sporting News. Retrieved June 26, 2021.</ref> De team sanso change home clubs during de season, dey switch from de Uiseong Curling Club to de Gangneung Curling Centre after dema contract expire plus de Gyeongsangbukdo Sports Council.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250120043853/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2021/03/04/sports/more/Curling-Team-Kim/20210304171200409.html "Team Kim curlers find new beginning with Gangneung"]. ''Korea JoongAng Daily''. March 4, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2021.</ref> Team Kim begin de 2021–22 season for de 2021 Korean Curling Championships insyd June, wich sanso double as de selection event give de 2022 Winter Olympics insyd Beijing, China.<ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/CQSZEAUDAA8 "베이징 올림픽 대표를 포함한 2021-2022 컬링 국가대표를 뽑는 2021 KB금융 한국컬링선수권대회 with 강릉"]. ''Instagram'' (insyd Korean). curling1spoon. June 19, 2021. Archived from [https://www.instagram.com/p/CQSZEAUDAA8/ the original] on 2021-12-26. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</ref> Thru de event, de team post strong 11–1 record, dem san secure de national title.<ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/CQ082klMfdp "여자부 강릉시청 '팀 킴'은 2차전 5승 1패로 우승해 오는 12월 열리는 베이징 올림픽 자격대회에 출전하게 됐습니다. 축하합니다"]. ''Instagram'' (insyd Korean). curling1spoon. July 2, 2021. Archived from [https://www.instagram.com/p/CQ082klMfdp/ the original] on 2021-12-26. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</ref> De team sanso win dema next event, de 2021 Alberta Curling Series: Saville Shoot-Out insyd September, after undefeated record.<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/event.php?view=Main&eventid=6626 "Alberta Curling Series: Saville Shoot-Out"]. ''CurlingZone''. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</ref> Elsewhere for tour, de team reach de semifinals of both de 2021 Sherwood Park Women's Curling Classic den de 2021 Masters Grand Slam event.<ref>Jonathan Brazeau (October 23, 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250120194817/https://thegrandslamofcurling.com/jacobs-to-meet-mouat-in-masters-mens-final/ "Jacobs to meet Mouat in Masters men's final"]. Grand Slam of Curling. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</ref> Insyd international play, Team Kim represent South Korea for de 2021 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. De team fini de round robin plus 5–1 record, dem tie plus Japan. Japan get better draw shot challenge record, wey force Korea into semifinal match against Kazakhstan. Team Kim beat Kazakhstan buh dem loose to Japan insyd de gold medal game, wey settle for silver.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230607193500/https://worldcurling.org/2021/11/final-pacc/ "Japan women and Korea men win Pacific-Asia Curling Championships"]. World Curling Federation. November 13, 2021. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> Secof dem fail make dem qualify give de Olympics for de 2021 World Championship, de team then for play insyd de Olympic Qualification Event make dem qualify South Korea give de 2022 Winter Olympics.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211218155937/https://worldcurling.org/2021/12/oqe-women-final-2/ "Korea women qualify for Beijing"]. World Curling Federation. December 18, 2021. Archived from [https://worldcurling.org/2021/12/oqe-women-final-2/ the original] on December 18, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</ref> Kim lead ein rink to 6–2 round robin record, wey put sem into de playoffs. Der, dem loose to Japan insyd dema first game buh dem rebound to beat Latvia insyd dema second, wey qualify Korea for de Winter Games. For de Olympics, de team no fi replicate dema success from PyeongChang 2018 wey dem fini de event insyd eighth plus 4–5 record. Na de team get much more success for de 2022 World Women's Curling Championship. Dem fini de round robin plus 9–3 record, insyd second place.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20221016024500/https://worldcurling.org/2022/03/wwcc2022-s20/ "Play-off match-ups set at the World Women's"]. World Curling Federation. March 26, 2022. Archived from [https://worldcurling.org/2022/03/wwcc2022-s20/ the original] on October 16, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</ref> Dis give dem bye to de semifinals, wer na dem beat de host Canadian team skip by Kerri Einarson.<ref>[https://www.curling.ca/blog/2022/03/27/crushing-defeat/ "Crushing defeat"]. Curling Canada. March 27, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</ref> Dis put dem into de gold medal game wer na dem play Switzerland, skip by Silvana Tirinzoni. Na de team no be as successful against de Swiss, wey dem loose to dem 7–6, wey settle for de silver medal, Korea ein best-ever finish for de Worlds.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220328122249/https://worldcurling.org/2022/03/wwcc2022-gold/ "Switzerland defend their World Women's title in Prince George"]. World Curling Federation. March 28, 2022. Archived from [https://worldcurling.org/2022/03/wwcc2022-gold/ the original] on March 28, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</ref> Few weeks later, de team wrap up dema season for de 2022 Champions Cup, wer na dem loose insyd tiebreaker to Einarson. Insyd June 2022, for de 2022 Korean Curling Championships, Team Kim loose dema spot as de national team. After 5–1 record, de team loose both de semifinal den bronze medal game to Chuncheon City Hall den Jeonbuk Province respectively.<ref>[https://www.si.com/curling/news/new-champions-in-koreahttps://www.si.com/curling/news/new-champions-in-korea "New Champions in Korea"]. ''Sports Illustrated''. The Curling News. June 20, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2023.</ref> Na ebe dema first time dem no reach de podium for over decade insyd. Dem begin dema tour season for de 2022 Stu Sells Toronto Tankard wer na dem loose insyd de semifinals to Team Tirinzoni.<ref>[https://www.tsn.ca/wins-from-silvana-tirinzoni-niklas-edin-highlight-busy-weekend-in-curling-1.1857043 "Wins from Tirinzoni and Edin highlight busy weekend in curling"]. TSN. October 3, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2023.</ref> De next week, dem play insyd de first Slam of de season, de 2022 National, wer na dem go 1–3.<ref>Jonathan Brazeau (October 7, 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241208155451/https://thegrandslamofcurling.com/team-jones-edge-team-lawes-to-slide-into-wfg-masters-playoffs/ "Fujisawa fends off Einarson to stay undefeated in Boost National"]. Grand Slam of Curling. Retrieved July 22, 2023.</ref> After dem fail make dem san qualify for de 2022 Western Showdown, de team find success for de 2022 Tour Challenge as dem qualify for de playoffs as de second seeds. Dem then loose to Gim Eun-ji insyd de quarterfinals.<ref>Jonathan Brazeau (October 22, 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241111231506/https://thegrandslamofcurling.com/wrana-upsets-top-seed-tirinzoni-in-hearinglife-tour-challenge-quarterfinals/ "Wrana upsets top-seed Tirinzoni in HearingLife Tour Challenge quarterfinals"]. Grand Slam of Curling. Retrieved July 22, 2023.</ref> Dem sanso loose to Team Gim insyd de quarterfinals of dema next event, de Stu Sells Brantford Nissan Classic after dem previously be undefeated.<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/post.php?postid=6775 "Gim wins again at Stu Sells Brantford Nissan Classic"]. CurlingZone. Retrieved July 22, 2023.</ref> For de 2022 Masters, de team san miss de playoffs plus 1–3 record.<ref>Jonathan Brazeau (December 9, 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241208155451/https://thegrandslamofcurling.com/team-jones-edge-team-lawes-to-slide-into-wfg-masters-playoffs/ "Team Jones edge Team Lawes to slide into WFG Masters playoffs"]. Grand Slam of Curling. Retrieved July 22, 2023.</ref> Dem end dema season early for de 2022 Karuizawa International Curling Championships wer na dem qualify for de playoffs plus 2–1 record. After dem beat Sayaka Yoshimura 7–5 insyd de semifinal, dem win 5–4 over Kerri Einarson make dem secure de event title.<ref>[https://www.tsn.ca/curling/kim-defeats-einarson-in-karuizawa-international-final-1.1895893 "Kim defeats Einarson in Karuizawa International final"]. TSN. December 20, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2023.</ref> De season wey dey follow, Team Kim fini second to Team Gim for de 2023 Korean Curling Championships, dem san no qualify as de national team.<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/event.php?eventid=8075&eventtypeid=81&view=Main#1 "2023 Korean Curling Championships – Women"]. ''CurlingZone''. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</ref> Despite dis, na de team get one of dema best tour seasons to date. After two quarterfinal den one semifinal finish, dem win de 2023 Stu Sells Tankard, wey dem defeat Sayaka Yoshimura 6–5 insyd de final.<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/post.php?postid=8072 "Korea's EunJung Kim wins Stu Sells Tankard"]. CurlingZone. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</ref> Dem follow dis up plus semifinal finish for de 2023 Players Open wich include quarterfinal win against world champions Silvana Tirinzoni. Insyd October, de team win six straight games make dem claim de 2023 Tour Challenge Tier 2 title.<ref>Jonathan Brazeau (October 22, 2023). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240422000315/https://thegrandslamofcurling.com/jones-tops-lawes-to-claim-hearinglife-tour-challenge-womens-title/ "Jones tops Lawes to claim HearingLife Tour Challenge women's title"]. Grand Slam of Curling. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</ref> Dem win dema third event de month wey dey follow insyd Uiseong, wey defeat Team Gim insyd de final of de Uiseong Korean Cup. After dem loose de final of de 2023 Karuizawa International to Ikue Kitazawa, Team Kim bounce back immediately plus undefeated run for de 2023 Western Showdown.<ref>[https://www.tsn.ca/curling/yannick-schwaller-eunjung-kim-find-victory-at-western-showdown-in-swift-current-1.2047323 "Schwaller, Kim find victory at Western Showdown in Swift Current"]. TSN. December 11, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</ref> After 4–0 round robin record, dem beat Gim, Isabella Wranå den Jolene Campbell insyd de quarterfinals, semifinals den final respectively. Dem then play dema first Tier 1 Slam event of de year, de 2023 Masters, wer na dem loose insyd tiebreaker to Tabitha Peterson.<ref>Jonathan Brazeau (December 16, 2023). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240915170812/https://thegrandslamofcurling.com/whyte-beats-edin-to-earn-final-playoff-spot-at-wfg-masters/ "Whyte beats Edin to earn final playoff spot at WFG Masters"]. Grand Slam of Curling. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</ref> Insyd de fresh year, na dem qualify for de 2024 Canadian Open before loss to Tirinzoni insyd de quarterfinals.<ref>Jonathan Brazeau (January 20, 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250120183742/https://thegrandslamofcurling.com/jones-homan-face-again-in-semifinals-at-co-op-canadian-open/ "Jones, Homan face again in semifinals at Co-op Canadian Open"]. Grand Slam of Curling. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</ref> For de 2024 International Bernese Ladies Cup, de team make am to anoda final before dem loose to rivals Team Gim.<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/event.php?view=Team&eventid=7959&teamid=177382&profileid=32200 "2024 International Bernese Ladies Cup"]. ''CurlingZone''. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</ref> Dem fini dema season for de 2024 Players' Championship plus anoda quarterfinal loss to Tirinzoni.<ref>Jonathan Brazeau (April 13, 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240807070036/https://thegrandslamofcurling.com/gim-tirinzoni-advance-to-princess-auto-players-championship-semifinals/ "Gim, Tirinzoni advance to Princess Auto Players' Championship semifinals"]. Grand Slam of Curling. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</ref> After dem begin de season insyd twenty-seventh place, Team Kim rank seventh for de end of de 2023–24 season.<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/rankings.php?task=week&oomid=82&eventyear=2024&week=40 "2023–24 World Curling Team Ranking: Women"]. ''CurlingZone''. Retrieved April 21, 2024.</ref> == Ein life matter == Kim graduate from Uiseong Girls' High School, wich na e produce chaw talented curlers insyd educational cooperation plus de Uiseong Curling Center. She sanso graduate from Daegu University. Na she get ein son Seo-Ho insyd June 2018 wey she marry dat summer.<ref>[https://www.curling.ca/files/2021/04/2021-LGT-World-Womens-Curling-Championship-media-guide1.pdf "2021 World Women's Curling Championship Media Guide"] (PDF). ''Curling Canada''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210501045241/https://www.curling.ca/files/2021/04/2021-LGT-World-Womens-Curling-Championship-media-guide1.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-01. Retrieved April 30, 2021.</ref> ==Grand Slam record== {| class="wikitable" style="float: left; font-size: 90%" |- !colspan=2|Key |- |style="background:#00ff00; width:20px;"|'''C''' | style="text-align:left;" |Champion |- |style="background:thistle; width:20px;"|F | style="text-align:left;" |Lost insyd Final |- |style="background:yellow; width:20px;"|SF | style="text-align:left;" |Lost insyd Semifinal |- |style="background:#ffebcd; width:20px;"|QF | style="text-align:left;" |Lost insyd Quarterfinals |- |style="background:#afeeee; width:20px;"|R16 | style="text-align:left;" |Lost insyd de round of 16 |- |style="background:#afeeee; width:20px;"|Q | style="text-align:left;" |No advance to playoffs |- |style="background:#afeeee; width:20px;"|T2 | style="text-align:left;" |Play insyd Tier 2 event |- |style="background:#EFEFEF; width:20px;"|DNP | style="text-align:left;" |No participate for event event |- |style="background:#EFEFEF; width:20px;"|N/A | style="text-align:left;" |No be Grand Slam event dat season |} [[Category:Curling templates]] [[Category:Curling templates]] [[Category:Curling templates]] [[Category:Curling templates]] [[Category:Curling templates]] [[Category:Curling templates]] [[Category:Curling templates]] [[Category:Curling templates]] [[Category:Curling templates]] [[Category:Curling templates]] [[Category:Curling templates]] {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- ! Event ! 2015–16 ! 2016–17 ! 2017–18 ! 2018–19 ! 2019–20 ! 2020–21 ! 2021–22 ! 2022–23 ! 2023–24 |- | Tour Challenge | style="background:yellow;" | SF | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#afeeee;" | T2 | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | N/A | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | N/A | style="background:#ffebcd;" | QF | style="background:#afeeee;" | T2 |- | The National | style="background:#afeeee;" | Q | style="background:#afeeee;" | Q | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | N/A | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#afeeee;" | Q | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP |- | Masters | style="background:#afeeee;" | Q | style="background:#ffebcd;" | QF | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | N/A | style="background:yellow;" | SF | style="background:#afeeee;" | Q | style="background:#afeeee;" | Q |- | Canadian Open | style="background:#afeeee;" | Q | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:yellow;" | SF | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | N/A | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | N/A | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#ffebcd;" | QF |- | Players' | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#afeeee;" | Q | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | N/A | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#ffebcd;" | QF |- | Champions Cup | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | N/A | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#afeeee;" | Q | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | DNP | style="background:#EFEFEF;" | N/A |} ===Former events=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Event ! 2013–14 ! 2014–15 |- | Autumn Gold |style="background:#EFEFEF;"| DNP |style="background:#afeeee;"| Q |- | Colonial Square |style="background:#ffebcd;"| QF |style="background:#EFEFEF;"| DNP |} ==Teams== {| class="wikitable" |- ! scope="col"| Season ! scope="col"| Skip ! scope="col"| Third ! scope="col"| Second ! scope="col"| Lead ! scope="col"| Alternate |- ! scope="row"| 2009–10<ref>[https://www.curlingzone.com/player.php?playerid=23924&view=Teams#1 "Kim Eun-jung Past Teams"]. ''CurlingZone''. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</ref> | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi || Oh Eun-jin |- ! scope="row"| 2010–11 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Oh Eun-jin || Kim Yeong-mi || Kim Seon-yeong |- ! scope="row"| 2011–12 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi || Kim Ji-hyeon |- ! scope="row"| 2012–13 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi || Kim Min-jung |- ! scope="row"| 2013–14 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi || Kim Min-jung |- ! scope="row"| 2014–15 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi || Kim Min-jung |- ! scope="row"| 2015–16 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi || Kim Min-jung |- ! scope="row"| 2016–17 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi || Kim Cho-hi |- ! scope="row"| 2017–18 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi || Kim Cho-hi |- ! scope="row"| 2018–19 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi || Kim Cho-hi |- ! scope="row"| 2019–20 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi || Kim Cho-hi |- ! scope="row"| 2020–21 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Cho-hi || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi |- ! scope="row"| 2021–22 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Cho-hi || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi |- ! scope="row"| 2022–23 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Cho-hi || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi |- ! scope="row"| 2023–24 | Kim Eun-jung || Kim Kyeong-ae || Kim Cho-hi || Kim Seon-yeong || Kim Yeong-mi |} == References == <references /> == External links == Wikimedia Commons get media wey relate to '''''[[commons:Category:Kim_Eun-jung|Kim Eun-jung]]'''''. * [https://results.worldcurling.org/Person/Details/5884 Kim Eun-jung] at World Curling * [https://olympics.com/en/athletes/eunjung-kim Kim Eun-jung] at Olympics.com * [https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/137548 Kim Eun-jung] at Olympedia [[Category:Human]] [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:South Korean female curlers]] [[Category:People wey komot Uiseong County]] [[Category:Asian Games medalists insyd curling]] [[Category:Curlers at de 2017 Asian Winter Games]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2017 Asian Winter Games]] [[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for South Korea]] [[Category:Curlers at de 2018 Winter Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic curlers for South Korea]] [[Category:Olympic silver medalists for South Korea]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2018 Winter Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic medalists insyd curling]] [[Category:Pacific-Asian curling champions]] [[Category:South Korean Buddhists]] [[Category:Curlers at de 2022 Winter Olympics]] [[Category:Sportspeople wey komot North Gyeongsang Province]] [[Category:Competitors at de 2017 Winter Universiade]] [[Category:Daegu University alumni]] nyl20xw687uyn9opela8xjltmqr20oi 828 20247 106475 104791 2026-07-09T20:33:06Z Grufo 3655 [[:mw:Module:Params|Upstream]] updates 106475 Scribunto text/plain require[[strict]] --- --- --- PRIVATE ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Abstract utilities ]]-- ---------------------------- -- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers) local function zero_padded (str) return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str) end -- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting) local function natural_sort (var1, var2) return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) < var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) end -- Return a copy or a reference to a table local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly) if refonly then return src end local newtab = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end return newtab end -- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len) local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key >= idx then if key > tmp then cache[key - len] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = 1 - idx for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + len] = val end end end return ret end -- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val else ret[key + len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = idx - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val elseif key < 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val else ret[key - len] = val end end end return ret end -- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn) local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nn = nn + 1 nums[nn] = key else nw = nw + 1 words[nw] = key end end table.sort(nums) table.sort(words, sort_fn) return nums, words, nn, nw end -- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number local function get_parameter_name (par_str) local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end return tonumber(ret) end -- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and -- always parsing numeric strings as numbers local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey) local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey) if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey] = val src[skey] = nil end end --[[ Public strings ]]-- ------------------------ -- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local mkeywords = { ['or'] = 0, pattern = 1, plain = 2, strict = 3 } -- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local sortfunctions = { alphabetically = false, naturally = natural_sort } -- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers -- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) --[[ Meanings of the columns: col[1] = Loop type (0-3) col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3) col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]` col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]` A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`) ]]-- local mapping_styles = { names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 }, values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 }, values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 }, names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 }, names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 }, names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 }, values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 }, blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 } } -- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local memoryslots = { h = 'header', f = 'footer', i = 'itersep', l = 'lastsep', n = 'ifngiven', p = 'pairsep', s = 'oxfordsep' } -- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier local trim_parse_opts = { trim_none = { false, false }, trim_positional = { false, true }, trim_named = { true, false }, trim_all = { true, true } } -- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local isep_parse_opts = { splitter_pattern = false, splitter_string = true } -- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local psep_parse_opts = { setter_pattern = false, setter_string = true } -- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier local position_references = { add_nothing = 0, add_smallest_number = 1, add_last_of_sequence = 2, add_largest_number = 3 } -- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `let`, `here`, -- `in_substack`, `without_sorting` --[[ Private constants ]]-- --------------------------- -- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`) local modulename = 'Module:Params' -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args` -- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also -- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available local refpipe = { call_for_each_group = true, --coins = true, count = true, evaluating = true, for_each = true, list = true, list_values = true, list_maybe_with_names = true, value_of = true } -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the -- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if -- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own -- (modified) copy available local refparams = { call_for_each_group = true, combining = true, combining_by_calling = true, combining_values = true, concat_and_call = true, concat_and_invoke = true, concat_and_magic = true, count = true, grouping_by_calling = true, mixing_names_and_values = true, renaming_by_mixing = true, renaming_to_sequence = true, renaming_to_uppercase = true, renaming_to_lowercase = true, --renaming_to_values = true, shifting = true, splicing = true, --swapping_names_and_values = true, value_of = true, with_name_matching = true } -- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we -- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its -- optimal value at Module talk:Params) local maxfill = 1024 -- The private table of functions local library = {} -- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position local static_iface = {} --[[ Private functions ]]-- --------------------------- -- Create a new context local function context_new (child_frame) local ctx = {} ctx.frame = child_frame:getParent() ctx.opipe = child_frame.args ctx.oparams = ctx.frame.args ctx.firstposonly = static_iface ctx.iterfunc = pairs ctx.sorttype = 0 ctx.n_parents = 0 ctx.n_children = 0 ctx.n_available = maxfill return ctx end -- Move to the next action within the user-given list local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward) local nextfn if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if nextfn == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end if library[nextfn] == nil then if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0) else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ directive can only appear in first position', 0) end end remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward) return library[nextfn] end -- Main loop local function main_loop (ctx, start_with) local fn = start_with repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn if ctx.n_parents > 0 then error(modulename .. ': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end if ctx.n_children > 0 then error(modulename .. ', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end end -- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table local function set_strings (dest, opts, start_from) local cmd if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/') :match'^/*(.*[^/])' if cmd == nil then return start_from end local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1 local vname local chr for idx = 1, #cmd do chr = cmd:byte(idx) if chr == sep then for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] amap[key] = nil end argc = argc + 1 else vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)] if vname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' .. string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end table.insert(amap, vname) end end for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end return argc end -- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children` local function new_substack (ctx) local newparams = {} local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams } else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end ctx.n_children = currsnap return newparams end -- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or -- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil` local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg) if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end local tmp = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if tmp == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false end tmp = sortfunctions[tmp] if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false end return tmp or nil, 2, true end -- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let]|[...][number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]` local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after) local tbl, pin = {}, start_from local tnamed while src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' and src[pin + 1] ~= nil and src[pin + 2] ~= nil do tbl[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])] = src[pin + 2] pin = pin + 3 end if pin ~= start_from then tnamed, tbl = tbl, {} end local tmp = tonumber(src[pin]) if tmp ~= nil and math.floor(tmp) == tmp then if tmp < 0 then tmp = -1 end local shf = append_after - pin for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp do tbl[idx + shf] = src[idx] end pin = pin + tmp + 1 end if tnamed ~= nil then for key, val in pairs(tnamed) do tbl[key] = val end end return tbl, pin end -- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` -- class of modifiers local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style) local style local shf local tmp = src[n_skip + 1] if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1 else shf = n_skip end local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5] tmp = style[6] if tmp > -1 then karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then karg = tonumber(karg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg) end end tmp = style[7] if tmp > -1 then varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then varg = tonumber(varg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg) end end local dest, nargs = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf, n_exist) tmp = style[1] if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 2 end if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 1 end return dest, nargs, tmp, karg, varg end -- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of -- modifiers local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami) if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3 if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end local flg = opts[argc] if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax < 1) or (flg == 3 and ptn == repl) end -- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami) local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1 local keyw for _, val in ipairs(opts) do if state == 0 then nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1 ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false } else keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or ( state > 0 and mkeywords[keyw] > 0 ) then break else state = mkeywords[keyw] if state > 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end end end cnt = cnt + 1 end if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern was given', 0) end return ptns, nptns, cnt end -- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing`, `reinterpreting` and -- `evaluating` modifiers local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp) local tmp local optslots, noptslots, argc = { true, true, true }, 3, start_from local trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain = true, false, true, true repeat noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc] if tmp == nil then break end tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp] trimn, trimu = tmp[1], tmp[2] optslots[1] = nil elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 iplain, isp = isep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc] optslots[2] = nil elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 pplain, psp = psep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc] optslots[3] = nil else break end argc = argc + 1 until noptslots < 1 return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc end -- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table local value_maps = { [0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end end, [1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end, [2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key tbl[key] = fn() end end, [3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end } -- Private table for `map_names()` local name_thieves = { [0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end } -- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn) local cache = {} name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric -- suffixes in its keys local function make_groups (src) -- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable! local prefix local gid local groups = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do -- `key` must only be a string or a number... if type(key) == 'string' then prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$' gid = tonumber(gid) or '' else prefix = '' gid = key end if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then prefix = tonumber(prefix) if prefix < 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end end groups[gid][prefix] = val end return groups end -- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and -- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length local function parse_placeholder_string (target) local skel = {} local canvas = {} local idx = 1 local s_pos = 1 local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false) while e_pos ~= nil do canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1) skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@' idx = idx + 2 s_pos = e_pos + 2 e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false) end if (s_pos > target:len()) then idx = idx - 1 else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end return skel, canvas, idx end -- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string (heavy lifting for `parsing`, -- `reinterpreting` and `evaluating`) local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru) local key local val local spos1 local spos2 local pos1 local pos2 local pos3 = 0 local idx = 1 local lenplone = #str + 1 if isp == nil or isp == '' then if psp == nil or psp == '' then if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else tbl[idx] = str end return idx end spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else val = str end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = str:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val return idx end if psp == nil or psp == '' then repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end tbl[idx] = val idx = idx + 1 until pos2 == nil return idx end repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = val:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val until pos2 == nil return idx end -- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values` local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function -- MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local vars = {} local sortfn, tmp, do_sort = load_sort_opt(opts[2]) local argc = set_strings(vars, opts, tmp + 1) if argc < tmp then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end if next(tbl) == nil then if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven } elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end return argc end local cache local len if do_sort then local words cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end len = len + tmp else cache = {} len = 0 for key in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = key end end local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or '' for idx = 1, len do tmp = cache[idx] pmap[nss + 1] = pps pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs) nss = nss + 2 end tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and nss > 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp elseif nss > 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep end pmap[1] = vars.header or '' if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) } return argc end -- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric -- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options -- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters local function concat_params (ctx) local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe) if ctx.subset == 1 then -- We need only the sequence for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end else if ctx.subset == -1 then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then retval[key + nmax] = val else retval[key] = val end end end for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end return retval end -- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this -- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function flush_params (ctx, fn) local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end return end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end return end if ctx.subset ~= -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end end -- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value -- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth) if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then flush_params(ctx, fn_oth) return end local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) local sequence = {} for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end for idx = 1, nn do if sequence[nums[idx]] then fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]]) else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end end if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end return end for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn_seq(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end end -- Finalize and return a concatenated list local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize) if len > 0 then local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and len > modsize * 2 then lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp elseif len > modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep end lst[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(lst) else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end --- --- --- PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Modifiers ]]-- ------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to library.sequential = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end ctx.iterfunc = ipairs ctx.subset = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.iterfunc = pairs ctx.subset = -1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to library.all_sorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to library.reassorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 2 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to library.setting = function (ctx) local argc = set_strings(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1) if argc < 2 then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|[container]|pipe to library.scoring = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local tmp local retval, opts = 0, ctx.pipe for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if opts[2] ~= nil then tmp = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == 'here' then ctx.params[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end new_substack(ctx)[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, tmp == 'in_substack' and 3 or 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to library.squeezing = function (ctx) local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then newlen = newlen + 1 indices[newlen] = key store[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end table.sort(indices) for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx) local tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums = ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmax == nil then if key < nmin then nmin = key end nmax = key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end nnums = nnums + 1 tmp[key] = val end end if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin > nnums then ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax if ctx.n_available < 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' .. tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = '' end for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to library.clearing = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to library.cutting = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local len = #tbl if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end local tot = lcut + rcut if tot > 0 then local cache = {} if tot >= len then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end tot = len else for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then if key > len then cache[key - tot] = val else cache[key - lcut] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to library.cropping = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local nmin local nmax for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end if nmin ~= nil then local len = nmax - nmin + 1 if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end if lcut + rcut - len > -1 then for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end end elseif lcut + rcut > 0 then for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1 if lshift > 0 then for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx - lshift] = tbl[idx] tbl[idx] = nil end end end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to library.purging = function (ctx) local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params if len < 1 then len = len + table.maxn(tbl) if idx > len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = len - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to library.backpurging = function (ctx) local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local idx local tbl = ctx.params if len > 0 then idx = last - len + 1 else for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or key < idx) then idx = key end end if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end idx = idx - len if last < idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = last - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to library.shifting = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end local tbl = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val else tbl[key] = val end end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if key > nmax then nmax = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local shift = #tbl + 1 if shift < 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {} local nmax local nmin for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0 local tmp for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nsize = nsize + 1 cache[nsize] = key end end table.sort(cache) for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ] tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx) local sortfn if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn) else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil` if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment| -- [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to library.splicing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params local tmp1 = opts[1] local tmp2 local argc local pos local refp if tmp1 ~= nil then tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1) if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp2 ~= nil then refp = position_references[tmp2] if refp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) .. '’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end else refp = 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end if refp == 2 then for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end refp = 0 end tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key elseif key < tmp1 then tmp1 = key elseif key > tmp2 then tmp2 = key end end end end if tmp2 == nil then len = 0 elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2 elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end if len > 0 and pos + len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len) elseif len < 0 and pos - len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len) else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end ctx.params = tbl tmp1 = tonumber(opts[argc]) if len == 0 and (tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 1) then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to add cannot be zero', 0) end if tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 0 or math.floor(tmp1) ~= tmp1 then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end tmp2 = argc - pos + 1 for key = pos, pos + tmp1 - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp2] end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + tmp1 + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to library.imposing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2] return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to library.providing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1]) if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to library.discarding = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil then ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end if len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_name_matching = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_matching') local tmp local ptn local tbl = ctx.params local newparams = {} for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then tmp = ptn[1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tmp = tonumber(tmp) end newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp] else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then newparams[key] = val end end end end ctx.params = newparams return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx) local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_not_matching') local tbl = ctx.params if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then local tmp = targets[1][1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil else tbl[tmp] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local yesmatch local ptn for key in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_value_matching = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_matching') local nomatch local ptn for key, val in pairs(tbl) do nomatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val == ptn[1] then nomatch = false break end elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then nomatch = false break end end if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_not_matching') local yesmatch local ptn for key, val in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to library.trimming_values = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter -- 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only) local model = { title = tname, args = margs } value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only) value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax) end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1] local tbl = ctx.params if mix == '$#' then for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to --[[ library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tbl = ctx.params local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1]) local cache local len if do_sort then local words local wl cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end else cache = {} len = 0 for _, val in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter -- 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only) local model = { title = tname, args = rargs } map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only) map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn) local val = tbl[ptn] if val ~= nil then tbl[ptn] = nil tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = val end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)) end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local cache = {} if mix == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end else local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to --[[ library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template -- name|[let]|[...]|[number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe local tmp if opts[1] ~= nil then tmp = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local argc tmp, argc = load_child_opts(opts, 2, 0) local gargs = {} for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' and key < 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val else gargs[key] = val end end local groups = make_groups(ctx.params) for gid, group in pairs(groups) do for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end group[0] = gid model.args = group groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end ctx.params = groups return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.parsing = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim -- flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter -- setter]|[...]|pipe to library.reinterpreting = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local str = tbl[tmp] if str ~= nil then tbl[tmp] = nil parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.evaluating = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':') if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local new_opts, cache = {}, {} local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc for key, val in pairs(opts) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < 1 then new_opts[key] = val elseif key >= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end ctx.pipe = new_opts return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end local cache = {} local mix_k, mix_v = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$', ctx.pipe[2] local tmp if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key) end elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end else local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k) local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do tmp = tostring(key) for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end end for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] = table.concat(cnv_v) end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort order]|setting -- directives|...|pipe to library.combining = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end, 'combining' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return val end, 'combining_values' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tname = ctx.pipe[1] if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = ctx.params } } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new -- parameter name|pipe to library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local mname = ctx.pipe[1] if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = ctx.pipe[2] if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] = tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) } return context_iterate(ctx, 4) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local magic = ctx.pipe[1] if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params) } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|snapshotting|pipe to library.snapshotting = function (ctx) local stack = new_substack(ctx) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do stack[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|remembering|pipe to library.remembering = function (ctx) local stack = new_substack(ctx) for key, val in pairs(ctx.oparams) do stack[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to library.entering_substack = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents + 1 if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl } else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then ctx.params = {} return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children if currsnap > 0 then ctx.params = ctx.children[currsnap] ctx.children[currsnap] = nil ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1 else local newparams = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.params = newparams end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to library.pulling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end local parent local tmp = ctx.n_parents if tmp < 1 then parent = ctx.oparams else parent = ctx.parents[tmp] end tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to library.detaching_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to library.dropping_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to library.leaving_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params } else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 ctx.n_children = currsnap return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to library.merging_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] local child = ctx.params ctx.params = parent ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to library.flushing = function (ctx) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local parent = ctx.params local currsnap = ctx.n_children for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end ctx.children[currsnap] = nil ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end --[[ Functions ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|count library.count = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local retval = 0 for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end ctx.text = retval return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2] -- |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value -- n]|[...] library.concat_and_call = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = concat_params(ctx) } return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend -- 1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- item n=value n]|[...] library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2) local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{ title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = concat_params(ctx) }) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend -- 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n= -- value n]|[...] library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx)) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name library.value_of = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local val local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then key = tonumber(key) val = ctx.params[key] -- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in -- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable) if val ~= nil and ( ctx.subset ~= -1 or key > #ctx.params or key < 1 ) and ( ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key <= #ctx.params and key > 0) ) then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end else val = ctx.params[key] if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list library.list = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = key ret[nss + 3] = kvs ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_values library.list_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! -- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = val nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' mixed_flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = '' ret[nss + 3] = '' ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = key ret[nss + 3] = kvs ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value -- 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] --[[ library.coins = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end return library.list_values(ctx) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = -- value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] library.unique_coins = function (ctx) local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params local tmp for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tmp = get_parameter_name(val) tbl[key] = opts[tmp] opts[tmp] = nil end return library.list_values(ctx) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext library.for_each = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or '' local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = table.concat(cnv) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append -- 1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...] -- |[named param n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1] -- |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- param n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local tmp if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val else opts[key] = val end end ctx.pipe = opts ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params) flush_params( ctx, function (gid, group) for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end group[0] = gid model.args = group ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end --[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|new|pipe to static_iface.new = function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false) ctx.params = {} main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1)) return ctx.text end --[[ First-position-only functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|self static_iface.self = function (frame) return frame:getParent():getTitle() end --[[ Public metatable of functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- return setmetatable({}, { __index = function (_, query) local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end local func = static_iface[fname] if func ~= nil then return func end func = library[fname] if func == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end return function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname]) ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname]) main_loop(ctx, func) return ctx.text end end }) bx8a2av95b6jpca3zvf7xnia4bz7hsf 0 21448 106489 79235 2026-07-10T04:21:40Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tamale College of Education''' be a teacher education college insyd [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] (Sagnarigu District, [[Northern Region]], [[Ghana]]).<ref name=atlas>Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at https://web.archive.org/web/20171229171851/http://bjohas.de/Atlas2017</ref><ref name="modernghana.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/927082/teacher-education-tace-holds-7th-congregation-for-476.html|title=Teacher Education: Tace Holds 7th Congregation For 476|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-07-06}}</ref> De college dey locate insyd Northern Zone zone. E be one of de 46 public colleges of education insyd Ghana.<ref name="modernghana.com"/> De college participate insyd de DFID-funded T-TEL programme.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |title=Our network |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana |access-date=December 27, 2017}}</ref> For de 2018/2019 academic year, de institution receive 1086 admission applications but dey admit 543. Dem dey reject de rest because Dem get infrastructural challenges.<ref name="modernghana.com"/> == History == Tamale College of Education dey locate within de Education Ridge insyd de [[Tamale, Ghana]] Metropolis. Dem dey open am insyd 1958 plus de motto ‘ORA ET LABORA’ by de first president of de Republic of Ghana, Osagyefo Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]]. Sixty female pioneer students dey enroll insyd de college dat year, den e remain a female institution until 1977 wen e becam a mixed institution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub|title=Learning Hub - T-TEL|website=www.t-tel.org|access-date=2019-07-26}}</ref> De first principal of de college be Miss Freda Mischler, a Swiss Missionary.<ref name=":0" /> Tamale College of Education dey get staff den students’ accommodation. E get academic facilities such as Science Laboratory, Library, Assembly Hall, ICT centre plus internet facilities. De college get a 4WD Nissan Patrol, a Benz Bus den a 58-seater Tata bus.<ref name=":0" /> {| class="wikitable" |+De principals hu dey administer de college are: !Name !Years dem serve |- |Miss Frieda Mischler |Dec. 1957 – May 1966 |- |Miss Victoria Sackey |May 1966 – Feb. 1971 |- |Mr. Jacob Wayo Amankwa |Feb. 1971 – Mar. 1972 |- |Miss Roseline Shiata Mumuni |Mar. 1972 – Aug.1973 |- |Miss Fusein Katumi |Aug. 1973 – Oct. 1974 |- |Mrs Elizabeth Addabor |Oct. 1974 – Feb.1987 |- |Alhaji B.A. Fuseini |Feb. 1987 – Mar. 1988 |- |Mrs Margaret Andan |Mar. 1988 – Mar. 1997 |- |Mr. Salifu Sulemana |Mar. 1997 – Jul. 2003 |- |Alhaji Yakubu Bukari |Jul 2003 - 2015 |- |Alhaji Sulemana Iddrisu |2015 - Date |} == Programme == De college dey go thru de following programmes since its establishment: * 4-year Teacher's Certificate ‘A’ Post Middle 1957-1994 * 3-year Teacher's Certificate ‘A’ Post Middle 1990-2006 * 3-year Diploma in Basic Education post secondary 2004- * 4-year Diploma in Basic Education – UTDBE 2005 * 2-year Diploma in Basic Education post ‘A’ sandwich 2007 == Notable alumni == Tamale College of Education dey produce over 5,000 teachers for de Ghana Education Service since ein establishment. Some of de products be * Mrs. Margaret Andan wey cam be a principal of the college den a Divisional Director for Secondary Education * Miss Alice Continua a former District Chief Executive of Lambussie Karni District, den currently de Member of Parliament. * [[Doris Asibi Seidu]], former member of parliament for de Chereponi constituency. *[[Ibrahim Murtala Muhammed]], former deputy minister for Trade and Industry. *[[Alhassan Suhuyini]], current member of Parliament for Tamale north. == References == <references /> [[Category:Colleges of Education insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Tamale, Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1958]] [[Category:1958 establishments insyd Ghana]] k44uq0qufdlgyxf2201f2rvkw9tyetz 0 23668 106471 85635 2026-07-09T19:18:03Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moba''' anaa '''Bimoba''' be a Niger-Congo language wey de [[Bimoba people|Moba people]] of [[Togo]] den [[Ghana]] dey speak. Der sanso be sam Moba speakers insyd [[Burkina Faso]]. E get two dialects ('''Moba''' insyd Togo den Burkina Faso den '''Bimoba''' insyd Ghana). De language cluster sanso be known as '''Moba–Bimoba'''. == Classification == Moba-Bimoba be a Gur language, a subset of de proposed Niger-Congo language family. E, along plus Bassari den Konkomba/Likpakpaln, be part of de Gurma (anaa ''Mabia'') subgroup of Gur languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moba-Bimoba |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/moba1243 |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Glottolog 5.2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bisilki |first=Abraham Kwesi |date=3 July 2025 |title=Online linguistic landscaping and indigenous languages in multilingual Ghana |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14790718.2025.2465601 |journal=International Journal of Multilingualism |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=1794–1819 |doi=10.1080/14790718.2025.2465601 |issn=1479-0718 |access-date=24 December 2025}}</ref> De [[Bimoba people|Moba people]] dey speak de Moba. De [[Bimoba people|Moba people]] insyd northern [[Ghana]] den [[Togo]]<nowiki/>dey speak am.<ref name="Snider19982">{{cite journal |last1=Snider |first1=Keith L. |date=August 1998 |title=Phonetic realisation of downstep in Bimoba |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/phonology/article/abs/phonetic-realisation-of-downstep-in-bimoba/8459ADF52DAF8E52716178BDFEF291E8 |journal=Phonology |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=77–101 |doi=10.1017/S0952675798003534 |issn=1469-8188 |access-date=24 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="Dryer20092">{{cite book |last1=Dryer |first1=Matthew S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cYM2PP3HcgMC&lpg=PA307&ots=4IaV9BWKAr&lr&pg=PA307#v=onepage&q=moba&f=false |title=Negation Patterns in West African Languages and Beyond |date=2009 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |isbn=978-90-272-0668-8 |editor1-last=Cyffer |editor1-first=Norbert |language=en |chapter=Verb-object-negative order in central Africa |access-date=24 December 2025 |editor2-last=Ebermann |editor2-first=Erwin |editor3-last=Ziegelmeyer |editor3-first=Georg}}</ref> Der sanso be sam Moba speakers insyd de central plateau of [[Burkina Faso]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ouédraogo |first1=Cheick Félix Bobodo |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_20 |title=The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa |date=2024 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-031-57308-8 |location=Cham |pages=405–435 |language=en |chapter=Linguistic Policy in Burkina Faso |access-date=24 December 2025}}</ref> Moba be a relatively important den vigorous language insyd Togo. Na e be one of de first four languages dem use for literacy training by Togo ein government, den as of 2024, e remain one of ten languages dem use for dis purpose.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mouzou |first1=Palakyem |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_19 |title=The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa |date=2024 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |pages=385–404 |language=en |chapter=Diachronic View of the Language Policy in Togo |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_19 |access-date=22 December 2025}}</ref> ''Ethnologue'' dey list Moba as stable, buh de Bimoba dialect as endangered.<ref>{{cite web |title=Moba Language (MFQ) |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mfq/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Ethnologue}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bimoba Language (BIM) |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bim/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Ethnologue}}</ref> == Phonology == Bimoba get twenty-two consonants den six vowels.<ref name="Chanard20062">{{cite web |last1=Chanard |first1=Christian |date=2006 |title=Langue : bimoba |url=https://llacan.cnrs.fr/phono/AfficheTableauOrtho2N.php?choixLangue=bimoba |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=Systèmes alphabétiques des langues africaines d'après Alphabets des langues africaines Unesco-SIL 1993 |language=fr}}</ref> === Consonants === De singly-articulated consonants of Bimoba be listed below. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+'''Consonant phonemes''' !  ! colspan="2" |Bilabial ! colspan="2" |Labio-dental ! colspan="2" |Alveolar ! colspan="2" |Post-alveolar<br /><br />(Palato-alveolar) ! colspan="2" |Palatal ! colspan="2" |Velar ! colspan="2" |Glottal |- !Plosive | style="border-right-width: 0;" |p | style="border-left-width: 0;" |b | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |t | style="border-left-width: 0;" |d | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |k | style="border-left-width: 0;" |ɡ | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |- !Affricate | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |tʃ | style="border-left-width: 0;" |dʒ | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |- !Fricative | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |f | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |s | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |h | style="border-left-width: 0;" | |- !Nasal | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |m | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |n | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |ɲ | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |ŋ | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |- !Trill | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |r | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |- !Approximant | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |j | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |- !Lateral approximant | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |l | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |} De Bimoba dialect sanso get four doubly-articulated consonants, all of wich dey involve labial den velar occlusions. One be de labiovelar approximant /w/, den de oda three be de voiced den voiceless stops (/gb/, /kp/) den voiced nasal /ŋm/.<ref name="Chanard20062" /> === Vowels === Chanard dey list six vowels insyd Bimoba.<ref name="Chanard20062" /> Moba get both oral den nasal vowels, wey e get a distinction between long den short vowels.<ref name="Peace2">{{cite book |url=https://www.livelingua.com/peace-corps/Moba/moba2010.pdf |title=Moba OPL Workbook (Oral Proficiency Learning) |publisher=[[Peace Corps]] Togo |access-date=22 December 2025}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+'''Monophthong phonemes''' ! rowspan="2" |  !Front !Back |- !<small>unrounded</small> !<small>rounded</small> |- !Close |i |u |- !Close-mid |e |o |- !Open-mid | |ɔ |- !Open |a | |} {| class="wikitable" |+Cognates between Gulmancema den Moba !Gulmancema tone !Gulmancema word !Moba word !Moba tone |- |high-low |/kándì/ |/ka̋nt/ |extrahigh |- |high-high |/kándí/ |/kánt/ |high |} == Grammar == Moba be an SVO language, like English. E get both a noun class system den a verb class system. Chaw Moba morphemes be monosyllabic.<ref name="Snider19982" />  Negation generally dey occur before de verb, buh e be placed clause-finally insyd sam constructions.<ref name="Dryer20092" /> == Writing system == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Bimoba alphabet (SIL)<ref name="Chanard20062" /><br /><br />All letters correspond to IPA unless noted |a |b |ch /tʃ/ |d |e |f |g |gb |h |i |j /dʒ/ |k |kp |l |m |n |ny /ɲ/ |ŋ |ŋm |o |ɔ |p |r |s |t |u |w |y /j/ |} {| class="wikitable" |+Moba alphabet (Peace Corps Togo)<ref name="Peace2" /> |a |ã |b |c |d |e |ẽ |ɛ |ɛ̃ |f |g |h |i |ĩ |ɩ |ɩ̃ |j |k |l |m |n |ŋ |o |õ |ɔ |ɔ̃ |p |s |t |r |u |v |w |y |} == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250227020007/https://www.webonary.org/moba/ Moba dictionary] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Languages of Togo]] [[Category:Gurma languages]] [[Category:Languages wey dey Ghana]] [[Category:Languages]] nwyvl0wo07kjdykr8j4o7bik5dptyqq 0 24192 106454 98409 2026-07-09T17:09:35Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Maghrib_Prayer_in_Masjid_Al-Haram.jpg|thumb|Maghrib prayer at [[Masjid al-Haram]] insyd [[Saudi Arabia]].]] '''Maghrib''' (Arabic: صلاة المغرب) be one of de five mandatory [[salah]] (Islamic prayers), aden dey contain three cycles (''[[rak'a]]''). If dem count from midnight, e be de fourth one. According to Shia den Sunni Muslims, de period for Maghrib prayer dey start just after sunset, dey follow [[Asr (prayer)|Asr prayer]], den dey end at de beginning of night, de start of de [[Isha (prayer)|Isha prayer]]. As for Shia Muslims, since dem dey allow Maghrib den Isha prayers to be performed one after anoda, de period for Maghrib prayer dey extend til midnight. Sunni Muslims (except for de Hanafi school) sanso permit to combine Maghrib den Isha prayers if dem dey travel den incapable of performing de prayers separately. Insyd dis case, de period for Maghrib prayer dey extend from sunset to dawn, as plus Shiites. De formal daily prayers of [[Islam]] dey comprise different numbers of units, dem call ''[[Rak'a|rakat]]''. De Maghrib prayer get three obligatory (''fard'') rak'at den two ''sunnah'' den two non-obligatory ''nafls.'' Dem dey pray de first two fard rak'ats aloud by de Imam insyd congregation (de person wey miss se congregation den dey offer prayer alone no be bound to speak de first two rak'ats aloud), den de third be prayed silently. To be considered valid ''salat'', de formal daily prayers each for be performed within dema own prescribed time period. People plus a legitimate reason get a longer period during wich dema prayers go be valid.<ref name="quranreading">{{Cite web |title=Significance of Offering The Isha Prayer and Its Benefits |url=https://www.quranreading.com/blog/isha-prayer-significance-benefits |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=www.quranreading.com}}</ref> De five daily prayers collectively be one pillar of de [[Five Pillars of Islam]], insyd Sunni Islam, den one of de ten Practices of de Religion (''Furū al-Dīn'') according to Shia Islam. ==Name variations== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Language !! Main |- | Albanian || {{lang|sq|Namazi-i-akshamit}}, {{lang|sq|Namaz-i-mbrëmjes}} |- | Arabic || {{lang|ar|صلاة المغرب}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|Ṣalāh al-Maghrib}}) |- | Azerbaijani || {{lang|az|Şam namazı}} |- | Bashkir || {{lang|ba|Аҡшам намаҙы}} ({{lang|ba-Latn|Akşam namazı}}) |- | Bengali || {{lang|bn|মাগরিব}} ({{lang|bn-Latn|Magrib}}, {{lang|bn-Latn|Mugrib}}) |- | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian || {{lang|sh|Akšam-namaz}} |- | Hindi || {{lang|hi|मग़रिब कि नमाज़्}} ({{lang|hi-Latn|Maghrib ki Namaz}}) |- | Kashmiri || {{lang|ks|شام نماز}} ({{lang|ks-Latn|Shaam Namaz}}) |- | Kazakh || {{lang|kk|Ақшам намазы}} ({{lang|kk-Latn|Aqşam namazy}}) |- | Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) || {{lang|ku-Latn|Nimêja Êvar}}, {{lang|ku-Latn|Nimêja Mexreb}} |- | Malay, Indonesian || {{lang|ms|Solat/Salat Maghrib}} |- | Pashto || {{lang|ps|ماښام لمونځ}} ({{lang|ps-Latn|Maasham/Maakham Lmunz}}) |- | Persian, Dari, Tajik || {{lang|fa|نماز مغرب}} ({{lang|fa-Latn|Namaz-e Maghreb}})<br/>{{lang|fa|نماز شام}} ({{lang|fa-Latn|Namaz-e Shaam}})<br/>{{lang|tg|Намози Мағриб}} ({{lang|tg-Latn|Namozi Maghrib}})<br/>{{lang|tg|Намози Шом}} ({{lang|tg-Latn|Namozi Shom}}) |- | Punjabi || {{lang|pa|شام دی نماز}} ({{lang|pa-Latn|Shaam di namaz}})<br/>{{lang|pa|مغرب دی نماز}} ({{lang|pa-Latn|Maghrab di namaz}}) |- | Somali || {{lang|so|Salaada Magrib}} |- | Central Kurdish (Sorani) || {{lang|ckb|نوێژی مەغریب}} ({{lang|ckb-Latn|Nuêjî Mexrîb}}) |- | Tashelhit|| {{lang|shi-Tfng|ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵡⵓⵜⵛⵉ}} ({{lang|shi-Latn|Taẓallit n tiwwutci}}) |- | Sindhi || {{lang|sd|سانجهي جي نماز}} ({{lang|sd-Latn|Saanjhi ji Nimaz}}) |- | Tarifit || {{lang|rif|Řemɣaạb}} |- | Tatar || {{lang|tt|Ахшам намазы}} ({{lang|tt-Latn|Axşam namazı}}) |- | Turkish || {{lang|tr|Akşam namazı}} |- | Urdu || {{lang|ur|نمازِ مغرب}} ({{lang|ur-Latn|Namaaz-e-Maghrib}})<br/>{{lang|ur|مغرب کی نماز}} ({{lang|ur-Latn|Maghrib ki Namaaz}}) |- | Uyghur || {{lang|ug|شام نامىزى}} ({{lang|ug-Latn|Shaam Namzi}}) |- | Uzbek || {{lang|uz|Shom namozi}} |} == References == <references /> == External links == {{commons}} * [http://www.qul.org.au/prayertimes 'My Prayer Times'] on qul.org.au (in 13 languages) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260212065210/http://prayertimein.com/ 'Prayer Time In'] on prayertimein.com (English language) * [https://namaz-time.com Namaz Time] [[Category:Salah]] [[Category:Salah terminology]] [[Category:Evening]] [[Category:2026 Wiki Dey Love Ramadan Contributions]] lyez5kn7lnw7mm880utdds1hfk292cb 0 27437 106476 105083 2026-07-09T22:04:02Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:DeltaOkawango.jpg|thumb|Satellite image (SeaWiFS) of Okavango Delta, plus national borders wey dem add]] [[File:Vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 32.jpg|thumb|Typical region for de Okavango Delta insyd, plus free canals den lakes, swamps den islands]] De '''Okavango Delta''' anaa '''Okavango Grassland''' be a vast inland delta for [[Botswana]] insyd wey dem form wey de [[Okavango River]] dey reach a tectonic trough at an elevation of 930–1,000 m (3,050–3,280 ft)<ref name="ramsar1996">{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Ramsar Information Sheet |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015705/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf |archive-date=31 August 2021 |access-date=17 January 2021}}</ref> for de central part of de endorheic basin of de Kalahari Desert insyd. E be a [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Site as one of de few interior delta systems dat no dey flow into a sea anaa ocean, plus a wetland system dat be largely intact.<ref name="unesco">{{cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 |archive-date=26 July 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Whc.unesco.org}}</ref> Instead, de floodwater dey spread ova sandy floodplains den islands, den a large share dey seep downward into de shallow alluvial aquifer beneath, before plants take am up. Nearly all de water wey dey reach de delta dey ultimately evaporate den transpire. Each year, about 11 km³ (2.6 cu mi) of water dey spread ova de 6,000–15,000 km² (2,300–5,800 sq mi) area. Sam flood waters dey drain into Lake Ngami. De area be once part of Lake Makgadikgadi, an ancient lake dat de early Holocene already mostly dry up. De Moremi Game Reserve dey for de eastern side of de delta top. Dem name de delta one of de Seven Natural Wonders of Africa, wey dem officially declare am for 11 February 2013 top for Arusha, [[Tanzania]] insyd.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders |url=http://sevennaturalwonders.org/africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221103510/http://sevennaturalwonders.org/africa/ |archive-date=21 December 2015 |access-date=22 March 2013 |website=sevennaturalwonders.org}}</ref> For 22 June 2014 top, de Okavango Delta becam de 1000th site wey dem inscribe officially for de UNESCO World Heritage List top.<ref>{{cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234253/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 |archive-date=26 July 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Whc.unesco.org}}</ref><ref name="unesco" /> == Name == Dem derive de name ''Okavango'' from de [[Okavango River]], wey for turn insyd dem derive from ''Kavango,'' wey dey refer to de Kavango pippoe of northern Namibia. Older English spellings include ''Okovango'', while sam Namibian scholarship dey prefers ''Kavango'' wen dem dey refer to de Namibian river den region. Historian Andreas Eckl dey note say German colonial reports use ''Okavango'', but dat de initial ''O-'' no dey common for local Kavango languages insyd, den instead dem already attribute am to Herero influence.<ref name="eckl-2007">{{cite journal |last=Eckl |first=Andreas |year=2007 |title=Reports from ‘beyond the line’: The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911 |url=https://welwitschia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/JNS_June2007_7to37.pdf |journal=Journal of Namibian Studies |volume=1 |pages=7–37 |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> == Geography == === Floods === Seasonal flooding produce Okavango. De Okavango River dey drain de summer (January–February) rainfall from de [[Angola]] highlands den de surge dey flow 1,200 km (750 mi) for around one month insyd. De waters then dey spread ova de 37,500 km² (14,500 sq mi) area of de delta ova de next four months (March–June). De high temperature of de delta dey cause rapid transpiration den evaporation, wey dey result for three cycles of rising den falling water levels insyd<ref>{{cite web |author1=C. N. Kurugundla |author2=N. M. Moleele |author3=K.Dikgola |title=Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management |url=https://www.water.gov.bw/images/Reports/Okavango_Delta.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/https://www.water.gov.bw/images/Reports/Okavango_Delta.pdf |archive-date=31 August 2021 |access-date=17 January 2021 |publisher=[[University of Botswana]] |pages=8–9}}</ref> dat dem no fully understand until de early 20th century. De flood dey peak between June den August, during Botswana ein dry winter months, wen de delta dey swell to three times ein permanent size, wey e attract animals from kilometres around den dey create one of Africa ein greatest concentrations of wildlife. De delta dey very flat, plus less dan 2 m (7 ft) variation for height insyd across ein 15,000 km² (5,800 sq mi), while de water dey drop about 60 m (200 ft) from Mohembo to Maun.<ref name="ramsar1996" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wehberg |first1=Jan |date=31 December 2013 |title=Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting |journal=Biodiversity & Ecology |volume=5 |pages=11 |doi=10.7809/b-e.00236 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gumbricht |first1=T. |date=1 September 2001 |title=The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications |journal=South African Journal of Geology |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=243–264 |bibcode=2001SAJG..104..243G |doi=10.2113/1040243}}</ref> ==== Water flow ==== ==== Lagoons ==== [[File:Shinde_Lagoon,_Okavango_Delta,_Botswana.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinde_Lagoon,_Okavango_Delta,_Botswana.jpg|thumb|Shinde Lagoon, wey dem see from de air]]Wen de water levels dey gradually recede, water dey remain for major canals den river beds insyd, for waterholes insyd den for a number of larger lagoons insyd, wey then attract increasing numbers of animals. Photo-safari camps den dem find lodges near sam of dem lagoons. Among de larger lagoons be: * Dombo Hippo Pool ({{coord|19|11|58|S|23|38|25|E}}) * Gcodikwe Lagoon ({{coord|19|10|03|S|23|14|24|E}}) * Guma Lagoon ({{coord|18|57|52|S|22|22|41|E}}) * Jerejere Lagoon/Hippo Pool ({{coord|19|05|17|S|23|01|12|E}}) * Moanachira Lagoon/Sausage Island ({{coord|19|03|23|S|23|03|44|E}}) * Moanachira Lagoon ({{coord|19|03|45|S|23|05|24|E}}) * Shinde Lagoon ({{coord|19|06|18|S|23|09|18|E}}) * Xakanaxa Lagoon ({{coord|19|10|48|S|23|23|42|E}}) * Xhamu Lagoon ({{coord|19|10|03|S|23|16|12|E}}) * Xhobega Lagoon ({{coord|19|10|39|S|23|12|36|E}}) * Xugana Lagoon ({{coord|19|04|12|S|23|06|00|E}}) * Zibadiania Lagoon ({{coord|18|34|12|S|23|32|06|E}}) ==== Salt islands ==== De agglomeration of salt around plant roots dey lead to barren white patches for de centre of many of de thousands of islands insyd, wey e already becam too salty to support plants, aside from de occasional salt-resistant palm tree. Trees den grasses dey grow for de sand insyd around de edges of de islands wey no already becam too salty yet. About 70% of de islands begin as termite mounds (often ''Macrotermes'' spp.), wey a tree dey then take root for de mound of soil top.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dunford |first=Chris |title=Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August |url=http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> ==== Chief ein Island ==== Chief ein Island ({{coord|19|12|S|22|48|E}}), de largest island for de delta insyd, a fault line form am wey uplift an area ova 70 km long (43 mi) den 15 km wide (9.3 mi). Historically, dem reserve am as an exclusive hunting area give de chief, but rydee be area dem protect give wildlife. Rydee e dey provide de core area give much of de resident wildlife wen de waters dey rise.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Okavango delta Botswana {{!}} Mokoro and boating safaris |url=https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055446/https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Okavango Safaris |language=en-US}}</ref> == Climate == [[File:Okavango_Delta.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Okavango_Delta.jpg|right|thumb|Aerial view of delta as floodwaters dey recede, August 2012]]De Delta ein profuse greenery no be de result of a wet climate; rada, e be an oasis for an arid country insyd. De average annual rainfall be 450 mm (18 in) (approximately one-third dat of ein Angolan catchment area) den most of am dey fall between December den March for de form of heavy afternoon thunderstorms insyd. December to February be hot wet months plus daytime temperatures wey dey as high as 40 °C (104 °F), warm nights, den humidity levels wey dey fluctuate between 50 den 80%. From March to May, de temperature dey reduce, plus a maximum of 30 °C (86 °F) during de day den mild to cool nights. De rains dey quickly dry up wey e lead into de dry, cool winter months of June to August. Daytime temperatures at dis time of year be mild to warm, but de temperature dey fall considerably after sunset. Nights fi dey cold for de delta insyd, plus temperatures barely above freezing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time |url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=Climatestotravel.com}}</ref> Dem see frost sometimes ova de winter.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Year in the Okavango Delta |url=https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta |website=Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com}}</ref> De September to November span get de heat den atmospheric pressure dey build up once more, as de dry season dey slides into de rainy season. October be de most challenging month give visitors: daytime temperatures dey often surpass 40 °C (104 °F) den a sudden cloudburst break de dryness only occasionally.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=UNEP-WCMC |date=2017-05-22 |title=OKAVANGO DELTA |url=https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=World Heritage Datasheet |language=en}}</ref> == Fauna of de delta == [[File:Cheetah_at_Sunset.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cheetah_at_Sunset.jpg|right|thumb|A cheetah wey e silhouette against a sunset for de delta insyd]]De Okavango Delta be both a permanent den seasonal home to a wide variety of wildlife. All of de big five game animals, de lion, leopard, African buffalo, African bush elephant, black den white rhinoceros dey present.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Galpine |first=N. J. |year=2006 |title=Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons |url=https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Ecological Journal |volume=7 |pages=55−61 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165941/https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2021 |access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref> [[File:Antílopes_lechwes_(Kobus_leche),_vista_aérea_del_delta_del_Okavango,_Botsuana,_2018-08-01,_DD_27.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ant%C3%ADlopes_lechwes_(Kobus_leche),_vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_delta_del_Okavango,_Botsuana,_2018-08-01,_DD_27.jpg|thumb|Small gathering of lechwe antelopes, Okavango Delta]]De most abundant large mammal be de red lechwe, plus estimates wey dey suggest approximately 88,000 individuals.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307968091 |title=Dry Season Aerial Survey of Elephants and Wildlife in Northern Botswana |author=Chase, M. |author2=Schlossberg, S. |author3=Landen, K. |author4=Sutcliffe, R. |author5=Seonyatseng, E. |author6=Keitsile, A. |author7=Flyman, M. |year=2018 |publisher=Elephants Without Borders, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks and the Great Elephant Census |location=Botswana |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Oda species dey include de giraffe, blue wildebeest, plains zebra, hippopotamus,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McCarthy |first1=T. S. |last2=Ellery |first2=W. N. |last3=Bloem |first3=A. |year=1998 |title=Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana |journal=African Journal of Ecology |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=44−56 |bibcode=1998AfJEc..36...44M |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x}}</ref> impala, common eland, greater kudu, sable antelope, roan antelope, puku, waterbuck, sitatunga, tsessebe, cheetah,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Klein |first=R. |year=2007 |title=Status report for the cheetah in Botswana |url=http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Cat News |volume=Special Issue 1 |pages=13−21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015402/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf |archive-date=31 August 2021 |access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref> African wild dog, spotted hyena, black-backed jackal, caracal, serval, aardvark, aardwolf, bat-eared fox, African savanna hare, honey badger, common warthog, chacma baboon, vervet monkey den Nile crocodile.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wallace |first1=K. M. |last2=Leslie |first2=A. J. |year=2008 |title=Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana |journal=Journal of Herpetology |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=361−368 |doi=10.1670/07-1071.1 |s2cid=46987629}}</ref> De delta dey sanso host ova 400 bird species, wey dey include de helmeted guineafowl, African fish eagle, Pel's fishing owl, Egyptian goose, South African shelduck, African jacana, African skimmer, marabou stork, crested crane, African spoonbill, African darter, southern ground hornbill, wattled crane,<ref>{{cite book |title=A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey |publisher=Conservation International |year=2003 |isbn=1-881173-70-4 |editor-last=Alonso |editor-first=L. E. |series=RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment |volume=27 |location=Washington, DC |editor2-last=Nordin |editor2-first=L.-A.}}</ref> lilac-breasted roller, secretary bird den common ostrich.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mbaiwa |first1=J. E. |last2=Mbaiwa |first2=O. I. |year=2006 |title=The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana |journal=International Journal of Wilderness |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=17−41 |hdl=10311/28}}</ref> Since 2005, dem calready consider de area dem protect a Lion Conservation Unit togeda plus Hwange National Park.<ref>{{cite book |author=IUCN Cat Specialist Group |title=Conservation Strategy for the Lion ''Panthera leo'' in Eastern and Southern Africa |publisher=IUCN |year=2006 |location=Pretoria, South Africa}}</ref> By 2019, about 150 rhinocerosses dey live for de northern Okavango Delta insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html|work=Voa News|access-date=13 July 2023|archive-date=13 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713113217/https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html|url-status=live}}</ref> From 2020 to 2021, poachers kill 92 rhinos for de delta region insyd wey e lef only 40 individuals, wey e prompt de government to move dem rhinos out of de Okavango Delta. === Fish === De Okavango Delta be home to 71 fish species, wey dey include de tigerfish, species of tilapia, den various species of catfish. Fish sizes dey range from de 1.4 m (4.6 ft) African sharptooth catfish to de 3.2 cm (1.3 in) sickle barb. De same species dey occur for de [[Zambezi|Zambezi River]] insyd, wey dey indicate an historic link between de two river systems.<ref>{{cite web |year=2007 |title=The Fishes of the Okavango Delta |url=http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162829/http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2011 |access-date=2011-02-02 |work=Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre |df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Flora == De Okavango Delta be home to 1068 plants wey dey belong to 134 families den 530 genera.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Ramberg |first=Lars |date=2006 |title=Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 |journal=Aquatic Sciences |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=316 |bibcode=2006AqSci..68..310R |doi=10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> Der be five important plant communities for de perennial swamp insyd: ''Papyrus cyperus'' for de deeper waters insyd'', Miscanthus'' for de shallowly flooded sites insyd, den ''Phragmites australis'', ''Typha capensis'' den ''Pycreus'' for between insyd. De swamp-dominant species, wey dem usually find for de perennial swamp insyd, sanso dey extend far into de seasonally inundated area.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=UNEP-WCMC |date=2017-05-22 |title=OKAVANGO DELTA |url=https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=World Heritage Datasheet |language=en}}</ref> ''Papyrus cyperus'' reeds beds dey grow best for slow flowing waters of medium depth insyd den be prominent at de channel sides. For de islands den mainlands edges top above de flooded grasslands, dem find different communities of flora. Dem locate dem species according to demma water preference: for instance ''Philenoptera violacea'' dey require little water, dem find am at de highest elevations for de perennial swamps insyd, den e be common for drier seasonal swamp islands top. Trees wey dem restrict to islands within de perennial swamp be a mixture of de palm ''Hyphaene'' ''petersiana'' den acacias.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Ramberg |first=Lars |date=2006 |title=Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 |journal=Aquatic Sciences |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=316 |bibcode=2006AqSci..68..310R |doi=10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y |via=ResearchGate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Toerien |first=D. K. |date=1976-08-15 |title=Geologie van die Tsitsikamakusstrook |journal=Koedoe |volume=19 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179 |issn=2071-0771 |doi-access=free}}</ref> De plants of de delta dey play an important role for preventing erosion insyd. De banks anaa levees of a river normally get a high mud content, den dis dey combine plus de sand for de river ein load insyd to continuously build up de river banks. De river ein load for de delta insyd dey consist almost entirely of sand, sekof de clean waters of de Okavango dey contain little mud. De plants dey capture de sand, wey e act as de glue den dey make up give de lack of mud, den for de process insyd dey create further islands for wey more plants fi take root top. Dis process no dey important for de formation of linear islands insyd. Dem be long den thin den often curve like a gently meandering river sekof dem actually be de natural banks of old river channels wey plant growth den sand deposition block am up, wey e result for de river changing course insyd den de old river levees dey becam islands. Sekof de flatness of de delta den de large tonnage of sand wey dey flow into am from de Okavango River, de floor of de delta be slowly but constantly dey rise. Wey channels be today, islands go be tomorrow den new channels go fi wash away dem islands wey dey exist. == Pippoe == [[File:Travesía_del_delta_del_Okavango_en_makoro,_Botsuana,_2018-08-01,_DD_22.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Traves%C3%ADa_del_delta_del_Okavango_en_makoro,_Botsuana,_2018-08-01,_DD_22.jpg|thumb|Hambukushu guide poles ein makoro for delta floodwaters top]]De Okavango Delta pippoe dey consist of five ethnic groups, each plus ein own ethnic identity den language: * de Hambukushu (wey dem sanso know am as Mbukushu, Bukushu, Bukusu, Mabukuschu, Ghuva, Haghuva), * de Dceriku (Dxeriku, Diriku, Gciriku, Gceriku, Giriku, Niriku), * de Wayeyi (Bayei, Bayeyi, Yei), * de Bugakhwe (Kxoe, Khwe, Kwengo, Barakwena, G|anda) * de ǁanikhwe (Gxanekwe, ǁtanekwe, River Bushmen, Swamp Bushmen, Gǁani, ǁani, Xanekwe). De Hambukushu, Dceriku, den Wayeyi engage traditionally for mixed economies of millet/sorghum agriculture, fishing, hunting, de collection of wild plant foods, den pastoralism insyd. De Bugakhwe den ǁanikwhe be Bushmen, wey dem practise fishing, hunting, den de collection of wild plant foods traditonally; Bugakhwe use both forest den riverine resources, while de ǁanikwhe mostly focus for riverine resources top. De Hambukushu, Dceriku, den Bugakhwe dey present along de Okavango River for Angola den for de Caprivi Strip of Namibia insyd, den small nombas of Hambukushu den Bugakhwe dey for Zambia insyd, as well. Within de Okavango Delta, ova de past 150 years anaa so, Hambukushu, Dceriku, den Bugakhwe inhabit de panhandle den de Magwegqana for de northeastern delta insyd. ǁanikwhe inhabit de panhandle den de area wey dey along de Boro River thru de delta, as well as de area wey dey along de Boteti River. De Wayeyi<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2015 |title=Wayeyi |url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215842/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-02 |website=Minority Rights Group |language=en-GB}}</ref> inhabit de area around Seronga as well as de southern delta around Maun, den a few Wayeyi<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Campbell |first1=Alexander Colin |last2=N’teta |first2=Doreen |date=March 1980 |title=The National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x |url-status=live |journal=Museum International |volume=32 |issue=1–2 |pages=61–66 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x |issn=1350-0775 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906044710/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x |archive-date=6 September 2023 |access-date=2 June 2021}}</ref> dey live for demma putative ancestral home for de Caprivi Strip insyd. Within de past 20 years many pippoe from all ova de Okavango migrate to Maun, de late 1960s den early 1970s ova 4,000 Hambukushu refugees from Angola settle for de area insyd around Etsha for de western Panhandle insyd. De Okavango Delta already dey under de political control of de Batawana (a Tswana nation) since de late 18th century.<ref>{{cite web |last=Segolodi |first=Moanaphuti |date=1940 |title=Ditso Tsa Batawana |url=https://www.academia.edu/12170767 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233801/https://www.academia.edu/12170767 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |access-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> Wey de house of Mathiba I lead am, de leader of a Bangwato offshoot, de Batawana establish complete control ova de delta for de 1850s insyd as de regional ivory trade explode.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Morton |first=Barry |year=1997 |title=The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880 |journal=South African Historical Journal |volume=36 |pages=220–239 |doi=10.1080/02582479708671276}}</ref> Most Batawana, howeva, traditionally live for de edges of de delta top, sekof de threat dat de tsetse fly dey pose to demma cattle. During a hiatus of sam 40 years, de tsetse fly retreat den most Batawana live for de swamps insyd from 1896 thru de late 1930s. Since then, de edge of de delta increasingly crowd plus ein growing human den livestock populations. == Tourism == De wilderness of de Okavango Delta den ein wildlife dey attract hundreds of thousands of tourists a year, plus de town of Maun dey serve as a gateway de region.<ref name="odmp-2021">{{cite report |url=https://whc.unesco.org/document/208817 |title=Okavango Delta Management Plan 2021–2028 |date=July 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources, Conservation and Tourism |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> Modern safari tourism wey dem develop during de late 1960s, wen dem build de first modern safari camps for de delta insyd. Tourism products since dem expand am dey include high-end lodge safaris, mobile safaris, self-drive camping, birdwatching, game drives, scenic flights, guided walks, recreational fishing den mokoro canoe excursions.<ref name="mbaiwa-2005">{{cite journal |last=Mbaiwa |first=J. E. |year=2005 |title=Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana |url=https://adpbotswana.pbworks.com/f/Enclave%2Btourism%2Band%2Bits%2Bsocio-economic%2Bimpacts.pdf |journal=Tourism Management |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=157–172 |doi=10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005 |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> Botswana generally promote a high-cost, low-volume tourism model for de Okavango region insyd, wey dem intend to limit environmental impacts while generating high visitor expenditure. A 2014 UNESCO report find der dey 2,129 tourist beds for de area insyd.<ref name="iucn-2014">{{cite report |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/2014/whc14-38com-inf8B2-en.pdf |title=IUCN Evaluations of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List |author=International Union for Conservation of Nature |date=April 2014 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> For 2017 insyd de delta receive 52,638 visitors, wey 43,363 be international tourists den 9,275 be locals. Dis be a small fraction of de 1 million international tourists Botswana dey receive annually.<ref name="statsbots-2023">{{cite report |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Tourism%20Statistics%20Annual%20Report%202023.pdf |title=Tourism Statistics Annual Report 2023 |publisher=Statistics Botswana |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> == ''Molapos'' (water streams) == [[File:BundPhoto.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BundPhoto.JPG|thumb|Flood-control bunds give flood recession cropping for de ''molapo'' of de Okavango, Botswana insyd]]After de season wey e dey flood, de waters for de lower parts of de delta insyd, wey dey near de base, dey recede, wey e lef moisture behind for de soil insyd. Dem use dis residual moisture give plant fodder den oda crops wey fi thrive for am top. Dem locally know dis land as ''molapo''. During 1974 to 1978, de floods be more intensive dan normal den flood recession cropping no dey possible, so severe food den fodder shortages occur. For response insyd, dem initiate de Molapo Development Project. E protect de ''molapo'' areas plus bunds to control de flooding den prevent severe flooding. Dem provide de bunds plus sluice gates so de water wey dem store dem fi release am den flood recession cropping fi start.<ref>[[File:PD-icon.svg|link=|alt=|15x15px]] {{cite book |last1=Kortenhorst |first1=L. F. |url=https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf |title=Development of flood-recession cropping in the molapo's of the Okavango Delta, Botswana |last2=Oosterbaan |first2=R. J. |last3=Sprey |first3=L. H. |publisher=International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement |year=1986 |location=Wageningen, The Netherlands |pages=8–19 |display-authors=1 |access-date=11 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810013033/https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Possible threats == One possible threat be oil exploration by Canadian company ReconAfrica. Initial exploration for April 2021 insyd reveal oil deposits for sedimentary rock insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Reconnaissance Energy Africa |title=ReconAfrica's First of Three Wells Confirms a Working Petroleum System in the Kavango Basin, Namibia |url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055430/https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=Newswire.ca |language=en}}</ref> Environmentalists dey concern dat de project go get a negative ecological impact den dat dem fi threaten sam of de main bodies of water.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Big Oil Project in Africa Threatens Fragile Okavango Region |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055427/https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=Yale E360 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-22 |title=Growing concern over Okavango oil exploration as community alleges shutout |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055426/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=2021-06-02 |website=Mongabay Environmental News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-12 |title=Test drilling for oil in Namibia's Okavango region poses toxic risk |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk |archive-date=27 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=Animals |language=en}}</ref> <!--ReconAfrica and the Government of Botswana have amended the license to exclude the Tsodilo Hills UNESCO site<ref>{{cite web |title=Republic of Botswana and ReconAfrica amend Exploration License to Exclude Entire Tsodilo Hills Area |url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/republic-of-botswana-and-reconafrica-amend-exploration-license-to-exclude-entire-tsodilo-hills-area-837436712.html |website=newswire.ca |access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref> << This passage was removed on April 20th 2022 without explanation. Is there a reason it should not be published here. -Yes, it is a separate UNESCO site outside the Okavango Delta. See talk page.--> ReconAfrica state say, "Der go be no damage to de ecosystem from de activities wey dem plan."<ref>{{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions: ReconAfrica Initial Drilling Project |url=https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429185250/https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ |archive-date=29 April 2021 |access-date=30 April 2021 |website=reconafrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson-Spath |first=Andreas |date=2020-12-15 |title=OP-ED: Paradise is closing down: The ghastly spectre of oil drilling and fracking in fragile Okavango Delta |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220224/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-02 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> De Namibian government present plans to build a hydropower station for de Zambezi Region insyd, wey go regulate de Okavango ein flow to sam extent. While proponents dey argue say de effect go dey minimal, environmentalists argue say dis project fi destroy most of de rich animal den plant life for de delta insyd. Oda threats dey include local human encroachment den regional extraction of water for both Angola den Namibia insyd.<ref>{{cite web |title=Threats - Okavango Delta |url=http://www.okavangodelta.com/about/threats/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/ |archive-date=22 February 2020 |access-date=4 April 2018 |website=Okavangodelta.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Chinese-Angolan project in Angola harvests over 1,200 tons of rice |url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002158/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ |archive-date=4 November 2016 |access-date=2 November 2016 |work=Macauhub English}}</ref> South African filmmaker den conservationist Rick Lomba warn for de 1980s insyd of de threat of cattle invasion to de area. Ein documentary ''The End of Eden'' portray ein lobbying for behalf of de delta top. Dem project de Okavango catchment to experience decreasing annual rainfall as well as increasing temperatures as a result of global warming.<ref>{{cite book |author=ASSAR |url=http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf |title=What global warming of 1.5°C and higher means for Botswana |publisher=Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions (ASSAR) |year=2019 |access-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf |archive-date=31 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> De effects of global warming dey likely to result for reductions insyd for de extent of floodplains insyd for de Okavango Delta insyd, wey go get significant impacts for water availability top as well as livestock rearing den agricultural activities for de region insyd.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Murray-Hudson |first1=M. |last2=Wolski |first2=P. |last3=Ringrose |first3=S. |date=2006 |title=Scenarios of the impact of local and upstream changes in climate and water use on hydro-ecology in the Okavango Delta, Botswana |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=331 |issue=1 |pages=73–84 |bibcode=2006JHyd..331...73M |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.041}}</ref> Conservation work by Conservation International Botswana for de Okavango Delta region insyd include education den policy engagement as well as research den monitoring such as aerial wildlife surveys den rapid biological appraisal work.<ref name="CIBotswanaAbout">{{cite web |title=About Conservation International Botswana |url=https://botswana.conservation.org/about-us |website=Conservation International Botswana}}</ref><ref name="WBDGFTechNote2003">{{cite report |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/725891468153271873/pdf/313330Delivering0Global0Public0Goods.pdf |title=Delivering Global Public Goods Locally: Lessons Learned and Successful Approaches |date=February 2003 |publisher=World Bank, Development Grant Facility (DGF) |page=8 |format=PDF}}</ref> == Make you sanso see == * Kalahari Basin == References == <references /> == Further reading == * {{cite book |last=Allison |first=P. |url=https://archive.org/details/whateveryoudodon00alli |title=Whatever You Do, Don't Run: True Tales Of A Botswana Safari Guide |publisher=Globe Pequot |year=2007 |isbn=9780762745654 |url-access=registration}} * Bock, J. (2002). "Learning, Life History, and Productivity: Children's lives in the Okavango Delta of Botswana". ''Human Nature''. '''13''' (2): 161–198. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s12110-002-1007-4|10.1007/s12110-002-1007-4]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192757 26192757]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28985956 28985956]. == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q650872|c=Category:Okavango Delta|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=Okavango Delta|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070408083625/http://www.conservation.org/xp/CIWEB/regions/africa/safrica.xml Conservation International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408083625/http://www.conservation.org/xp/CIWEB/regions/africa/safrica.xml |date=8 April 2007 }} *[https://www.okavango.com/concessions.php Okavango Delta concession areas] *[http://flowhoorc.blogspot.com/ Flow : information give Okavango Delta planning be de weblog of de Library of de Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Institute] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160205022203/http://www.ngamitimes.com/ De Ngami Times be Ngamiland ein weekly newspaper] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061006083431/http://www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw/attractions/moremi.html Official Botswana Government site for Moremi Game Reserve top, insyd de Okavango Delta] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000710/http://www.wildentrust.org/ Wild Entrust International] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20151221103510/http://sevennaturalwonders.org/africa/ Seven Natural Wonders of Africa] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120319185832/http://dsc.discovery.com/tv/natures-most-amazing-events/how-stuff-works/kalahari-elephants.html Discovery Channel - Kalahari Flood] *[http://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Flood-recession cropping for de molapos of de Okavango Delta insyd] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150401231635/http://www.orc.ub.bw/ Okavango Research Institute] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120807161048/http://168.167.30.198/ori/ Current Okavango water levels, weather data den satellite images] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807161048/http://168.167.30.198/ori/ |date=7 August 2012 }} *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_J-ODVl9Omg/ 1986 Documentary The End of Eden by Rick Lomba] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20260604031338/http://www.southern-african-game-reserves.co.za/botswana/okavango-delta/index.html Southern African Game Reserves - Okavango Delta] {{Authority control}} [[Category:River deltas of Africa]] [[Category:Wetlands of Botswana]] [[Category:Swamps of Africa]] [[Category:Floodplains of Africa]] [[Category:Ramsar sites insyd Botswana]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites insyd Botswana]] [[Category:Zambezian flooded grasslands]] [[Category:Kalahari Desert]] [[Category:First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites]] 12p87avalmbb40dq3dmxrxk6acqh1ab 0 27732 106474 106034 2026-07-09T19:57:02Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mutumuna Falls''' be a wide waterfall insyd [[Zambia]]. E be de "Upper Fall" insyd de 3-falls cascade dem commonly refer to as de [[Chisimba Falls]] (sanso be Chishimba Falls), insyd Kasama District, insyd de Northern Province of Zambia. Mutumuna Falls den de oda two components insyd de cascade, host de 15 megawatts [[Chishimba Hydroelectric Power Station]] den related infrastructure, across de ''Luombe River''.<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=https://www.world-of-waterfalls.com/waterfalls/africa-chishimba-falls/ |title=Chishimba Falls: Kasama, Northern Province, Zambia |date=16 August 2010 |author=World of Waterfalls |work=World-of-Waterfalls.com |access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref> == Location== Mutumuna Waterfalls dey locate above de ''Kayela Rapids'' den de main ''Chisimba Fall'' insyd de Chishimba Falls cascade, across de ''Luombe River''. Dem dey lie off of de Kasama–Mporokoso Road (Road D20 Zambia). Dis be approximately {{convert|40|km|0}}, northwest of de city of Kasama, insyd Kasama District, insyd Zambia ein Northern Province.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kasama, Zambia And Mutumuna Falls, Zambia |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kasama,+Zambia/Mutumuna+Falls,+Zambia/@-10.1656809,30.9147887,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1908c61c8157db03:0x7fd2be5b3fca24be!2m2!1d31.193945!2d-10.2290555!1m5!1m1!1s0x1908df942a1043bd:0x939c894d3c056539!2m2!1d30.9156059!2d-10.1050583!3e0 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=Google Maps |language=en}}</ref> ==Overview== De Bemba people, wey be indigenous to dis part of Zambia dey believe say de spirit of Mutumuna dey reside at dese falls. De High Priest of Mutumuna dey make regular offerings at de falls. De sacred nature of de falls "dey prohibit sexual intercourse, arrogance den quarrelsomeness insyd de vicinity of de falls".<ref name="3R">{{cite web|work=ZambiaTourism.com |date=20 May 2022 | url=https://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/waterfalls/chisimba-falls/ |title=Profile of Chishimba Falls, Kasama District, Zambia |author=Zambia Tourism | access-date=20 May 2022 | location=Lusaka, Zambia}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web| url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/chishimba-falls-another-spectacle-kasama/ |title=Chishimba Falls: Another spectacle of Kasama |work=[[Zambia Daily Mail]] |date=7 September 2015 | author=Zambia Daily Mail |access-date=20 May 2022 | location=Lusaka}}</ref> Mutumuna Falls, Kayela Rapids den Chishimba Fall dey comprise de Chishimba Falls, a tourist attraction den de location of de 15 megawatts Chishimba Hydroelectric Station. A natural tropical rainforest, lodging den camping facilities be available to de public. A tourist museum be under development at de site.<ref name="3R"/><ref name="4R"/> == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221225133013/http://www.news.cn/english/2021-11/22/c_1310326020.htm (Hello Africa) Zambia's lesser known tourist destinations attracting more visitors] As of 22 November 2021. * [http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/places/waterfal.htm/ Zambia's Spectacular Waterfalls] [[Category:Waterfalls of Zambia]] [[Category:Geography of Northern Province, Zambia]] [[Category:Tourist attractions insyd Northern Province, Zambia]] k7aiq1oz6xi4jxcvrjmwf4juqc0mt9s 0 27737 106473 106195 2026-07-09T19:49:16Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mumbuluma_falls_-_entrance_sign.jpg|right|thumb|225x225px|Entrance signs to de falls]]'''Mumbuluma Falls''' be a set of waterfalls just outsyd Mansa, Zambia insyd de Luapula Province.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McIntyre |first=Chris McIntyre & Susie |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Zambia_Safari_Guide/_iP2EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mumbuluma%20Falls&pg=PA401&printsec=frontcover |title=Zambia Safari Guide |date=2023-08-11 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-80469-015-4 |pages=401-402 |language=en}}</ref> De waterfalls be a national monument of Zambia. Mumbuluma Falls be made up of two waterfalls wey dey occur in succession, an upper then lower falls.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elbée |first=François d' |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Waterfalls_of_Zambia/D3FwAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Mumbuluma%20Falls&dq=Mumbuluma%20Falls&printsec=frontcover |title=Waterfalls of Zambia |date=2001 |publisher=BP |pages=55 |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=Mumbuluma+Falls,+Zambia&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=45.601981,79.013672&ie=UTF8&ll=-10.930078,28.735262&spn=0.003471,0.004823&t=h&z=18 Satellite view via Google Maps] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120227084942/http://pictures.gergltd.com/index.php?album=Zambia+2009%2Fmumbuluma-falls Photo gallery of Mumbuluma Falls] [[Category:Waterfalls of Zambia]] [[Category:Geography of Luapula Province]] [[Category:Tourist attractions insyd Luapula Province]] gaf4sd8gm52ffura2fvtwi50zvplgvg 0 27899 106472 106360 2026-07-09T19:23:11Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Molopo River''' (Afrikaans: ''Moloporivier'') be one of de main rivers insyd Southern Africa. E get a length of approximately 960 kilometres den a catchment area of 367,201&nbsp;km² wey [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]] den [[South Africa]] dey share roughly about a third of de basin each.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review of the Molopo-Nossob Basin for Rural Communities including Assessment of National Databases at the Sub-basin Level for Possible Future Integration |url=http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173828/http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2012-03-26}}</ref> == Course == [[File:Molopo_Basin_OSM.png|left|thumb|Molopo Basin]] Ein source be insyd de Molopo Oog (Eye of Molopo insyd Afrikaans), den de river generally dey flow first to de west, den then to de southwest from ein source. Insyd ein middle course de Molopo River dey form a significant section of de border between Botswana den South Africa. River flow be intermittent den wen e dey flow, ein water flows very slowly dey owe to a gradient of only 0.76 m/km. Floods be rare secof de vast sandveld areas of de Kalahari Desert on de Namibian side of ein basin absorb all water from de seasonal rains. In case of exceptionally heavy den continuous precipitation de flow dey discharge into de [[Orange River]], wich e dey meet downstream of Augrabies Falls National Park at 28°31′02″S 20°12′46″E / 28.51722°S 20.21278°E / -28.51722; 20.21278. E be believed say dis last occur more dan 100 years ago. == Tributary == De main tributary of de Molopo be de Nossob, wey ein confluence be sam 50&nbsp;km south of Twee Rivieren, at 890 metres anaa 2,920 feet above sea level. Oda tributaries be:<ref>[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNCMolopo/defaulttrib.htm Molopo Tributaries] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102155212/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNCMolopo/defaulttrib.htm|date=2013-11-02}}</ref> * Kuruman River * Phepane River * Ramatlabama River * Madebe River * Modimola River * Setlagoli River == Dams == De upper Molopo be part of de Crocodile (West) den Marico Water Management Area den de lower be included insyd de Lower Vaal Water Management Area. Major dams insyd de river be de Setumo Dam den de Disaneng Dam, both dey locate near de city of Mafikeng, South Africa, wich dey lie on de banks of de river. == References == <references /> == External links == {{commons}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063850/http://www.panrusa.group.shef.ac.uk/pdfs/WP8.pdf 'Where is the life in farming': Agricultural livelihoods in Molopo and Barolongs compared] [[Category:Rivers of Botswana]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Tributaries of de Orange River]] [[Category:Botswana–South Africa border]] [[Category:Rivers of de Northern Cape]] [[Category:Rivers of North West (South African province)]] 93g9csniudec69ax22hdmdp0k2nd6ud 0 27911 106495 106374 2026-07-10T08:10:26Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Drinking water supply and sanitation in Benin''' be subject to considerable progress since de 1990s, in particular insyd rural areas, wer coverage be higher dan insyd chaw oda African countries,<ref name="WSP">{{cite journal|last=Water and Sanitation Program |title=Benin Challenges and Opportunities |url=http://wsp.org/filez/country/117200715921_Benin.pdf |access-date=2008-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714011544/http://www.wsp.org/filez/country/117200715921_Benin.pdf |archive-date=July 14, 2007 |journal=WSP}}</ref> den almost all development partners follow a national demand-responsive strategy, wich be adopted insyd 1992.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Benin - Enhancing the effectiveness of public spending - a review of three sectors | date = 2004-12-20 | url = http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/01/11/000012009_20050111085004/Rendered/PDF/296560BEN.pdf | access-date = 2008-05-21|journal=World Bank}}, p. 106</ref> New strategies to increase water supply insyd rural den urban areas be adopted insyd 2005 den 2006.<ref name="DANIDA 12-13">{{cite journal | last = Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) | author-link = DANIDA | title = Programme d'Appui au Développement du Secteur Eau et assainissement (PADSEA) (PhaseII) | date = August 2004 | url = http://www.danidadevforum.um.dk/NR/rdonlyres/67C09687-D240-40FB-A668-B9A8CE079C51/0/WS_ProgDocPhase2.pdf | access-date = 2008-05-16|language=fr|journal=danidadevforum}}, p. 12-13</ref> Tariffs insyd urban den rural areas usually be high enough to cover de costs for operation den maintenance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adrien |first=Adrien |date=September 2007 |title=Sustainability of the extension of water supply network from urban to periurban area in Cotonu, Benin |url=https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstream/1826/2185/1/Thibault-2007.pdf |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Cranfield University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-12-20 |title=Benin - Enhancing the effectiveness of public spending - a review of three sectors |url=https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> However, challenges remain. A coherent institutional framework be developed give rural areas wey projects be implemented plus strong help by external donors. Responsibilities insyd water supply be defined insyd a national strategy insyd 2007 den de national utility SONEB receive significant support in terms of investment den technical assistance.<ref name="WSP" /> Sanitation receive less attention. Wastewater treatment hardly dey exist.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Heidecke | first = Claudia | title = Development and evaluation of a regional water poverty index for Benin | journal = EPTD Discussion Papers | volume = 145 | publisher = [[International Food Policy Research Institute|International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)]] | location = [[Washington, D.C.]] | year = 2006 | url = http://www.ifpri.org/divs/eptd/dp/papers/eptdp145.pdf | access-date = 2008-05-20}}, p. 21</ref> In order to reach de Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) wey dey concern water den sanitation, de Ministry of Economic and Financial Development dey estimate say US$80 million den US$22 million, respectively be needed per year from 2006 to 2015.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Ministry of Economic and Financial Development | title = Strategie pour l'atteinte de l'objectif N°7 des OMD au Benin. (Version définitive) | date = December 2006 | url = http://www.undp.org.bj/docs/omd/OMD_Envir_Assainissement_Benin.pdf | access-date = 2008-05-23|language=fr|journal=UNDP}}, p. 17-18</ref><ref name="MEPN 24">{{cite journal | last = Ministry of Economic and Financial Development | title = Strategie pour l'atteinte de l'objectif N°7 des OMD au Benin. (Version définitive) | date = December 2006 | url = http://www.undp.org.bj/docs/omd/OMD_Envir_Assainissement_Benin.pdf | access-date = 2008-05-23|language=fr|journal=UNDP}}, p. 24</ref><ref name="CFA 2006">{{Cite web |title=Online Forex Broker & Crypto Trading {{!}} OANDA {{!}} US |url=https://www.oanda.com/us-en/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=www.oanda.com |language=en-US}}</ref> For de sake of comparison, less dan US$ 10m per year be invested insyd water supply den sanitation insyd rural areas wer 55% of de population of Benin dey live. No figures be available on actual investments insyd urban areas. Most likely, investments for increase manifold in order to reach de MDGs. == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} *[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2008/cr08125.pdf Government of Benin: Growth Strategy for Poverty Reduction (2007)] *(in French) [http://www.gouv.bj/ministere.php?id_rub=33&lib_rub=Minist%C3%A8re%20des%20Mines,%20de%20l'Energie%20et%20de%20l'Eau%20(MMEE) Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water] *(in French) [http://www.soneb.com/ National Water Society of Benin (SONEB)] *(in French) [http://eaubenin.bj/site/index.php Direction Générale de l'Eau]: * (in French) Hydroconseil:[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213607/http://www.hydroconseil.com/fr/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=61&Itemid=41 Livre Bleu Benin] [[Category:Health insyd Benin]] [[Category:Water insyd Benin]] [[Category:Water supply den sanitation by country]] [[Category:Decentralization]] g8y488silo66776zhj72u7r1dyddokd 0 27913 106491 106396 2026-07-10T05:35:25Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Na de '''UNICEF Tap Project''' be a nationwide campaign wey dey provide kiddies insyd impoverished nations plus access to safe, clean water. De campaign culminate during World Water Week, wey dey celebrate de [[United Nations]] ein [[World Water Day]], March 30. Dis campaign involve restaurants, dining patrons, students, den volunteers along plus corporate, community, celebrity, den government supporters. During World Water Week restaurants across de United States encourage patrons to donate $1 anaa more give de tap water dem usually enjoy for free. In tandem, UNICEF Tap Project volunteers support dema efforts by conducting local fundraising events den activities. Today, nearly 990 million people worldwide dey widout access to safe den clean drinking water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tapproject.org/about/world-water-crisis.html |title=The World Water Crisis |publisher=Tapproject.org |access-date=2012-11-28}}</ref> Meanwhile, every day 4,100 kiddies die from water related diseases. De UNICEF Tap Project help support UNICEF ein work towards de Millennium Development Goals – Goal 7 – wich be to halve'16 flats, by 2015, de proportion of de population widout sustainable access to safe drinking water den basic produced water. Na UNICEF USA retire de project insyd March 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicefusa.org/mission/usa/unicef-tap-project|title=UNICEF Tap Project|website=UNICEF USA|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27|archive-date=2019-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825195845/https://www.unicefusa.org/mission/usa/unicef-tap-project|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Destination of funds == {| class="wikitable" !Country wey receive aid !year |- |[[Angola]] |2007 |- |Belize |2008, 2009 |- |[[Central African Republic]] |2010, 2011 |- |[[Ivory Coast]] |2008, 2009 |- |Guatemala |2010 |- |Haiti |2010 |- |[[Iraq]] |2007, 2008, 2009 |- |Laos |2007 |- |Nicaragua |2008, 2009 |- |[[Togo]] |2010, 2011 |- |Vietnam |2010, 2011 |} <ref name="Where Your Money Goes">{{cite web |title=Where Your Money Goes |url=http://www.tapproject.org/about/unicef-success-stories.html |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Tapproject.org}}</ref> == Notable media == * ''Top Chef Masters'' – Marcus Samuelsson win, plus de UNICEF Tap Project as ein benefiting charity<ref>{{cite web |title=Videos - Top Chef Masters Season 4 - Bravo TV Official Site |url=http://www.bravotv.com/top-chef-masters/videos/your-top-chef-maste |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Bravotv.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kung |first=Michelle |date=2010-06-10 |title=Marcus Samuelsson Wins 'Top Chef Masters' in Season Finale - Speakeasy - WSJ |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2010/06/10/marcus-samuelsson-wins-top-chef-masters-in-season-finale/ |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Blogs.wsj.com}}</ref> * ''Dr. Phil''<ref>{{cite web |date=2009-08-12 |title=Shows - How to Talk to Your Kids about Money |url=http://www.drphil.com/shows/show/1252 |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Dr. Phil.com}}</ref> * ''The Ellen DeGeneres Show''<ref>{{cite web |author=Next Post » Paul McKenna Can Make You Thin! |date=2008-03-18 |title=Ellen and The Tap Project Are Trying to Provide Clean Water For Everyone {{pipe}} EllenTV.com |url=http://ellen.warnerbros.com/2008/03/ellen_and_the_tap_project_are.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308122756/http://ellen.warnerbros.com/2008/03/ellen_and_the_tap_project_are.php |archive-date=2012-03-08 |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Ellen.warnerbros.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Learn More About UNICEF's Tap Project, and Universal Orlando Resort {{pipe}} EllenTV.com |url=http://ellen.warnerbros.com/2010/06/learn_more_about_unicefs_tap_project_and_universal_orlando_resort_0604.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308122812/http://ellen.warnerbros.com/2010/06/learn_more_about_unicefs_tap_project_and_universal_orlando_resort_0604.php |archive-date=2012-03-08 |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Ellen.warnerbros.com}}</ref> * ''The Rachael Ray Show''<ref>{{cite web |title=On the Show - UNICEF's Tap Project |url=http://www.rachaelrayshow.com/show/segments/view/unicefs-tap-project/# |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Rachael Ray Show}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=On the Show - UNICEF's Tap Project |url=http://www.rachaelrayshow.com/show/segments/view/unicefs-tap-project-2011/ |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Rachael Ray Show}}</ref> * ''The Martha Stewart Show''<ref>{{cite web |title=UNICEF Tap Project |url=http://www.wholeliving.com/article/unicef-tap-project |access-date=2012-11-28 |publisher=Whole Living}}</ref> == References == <references /> ==External links== *[http://www.tapproject.org "Tap Project" Homepage. 17 February 2009] *[http://www.unicef.org/wes/usa_43331.html Bennett, A. "Celebrating the Tap Project." Unicef.org. 17 February 2009] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090217122930/http://worldwatercouncil.org/index.php?id=1968 "World Water Council." 16 March 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217122930/http://worldwatercouncil.org/index.php?id=1968 |date=17 February 2009 }} [[Category:UNICEF]] [[Category:Water-related charities]] cnfvqdlsblp8va6iyczu5lphatdtf5s 0 27917 106494 106434 2026-07-10T08:07:40Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Water politics''', dem samtimes call '''hydropolitics''', be politics wey de availability of [[water]] den [[water resources]] affect, a necessity give all life forms den human development. Arun P. Elhance ein definition of hydropolitics be "de systematic study of conflict den cooperation between states over water resources wey dey transcend international borders".<ref>{{cite book |author=Arun P. Elhance|title=Hydropolitics in the 3rd World: Conflict and cooperation in International River Basins |location=Washington, DC|publisher=US Institute of Peace Press|year=1999|pages=3}}</ref> Mollinga, P. P. dey classify water politics into four categories, "de everyday politics of water resources management", "de politics of water policy insyd de context of sovereign states", "inter-state hydropolitics" den "de global politics of water".<ref>Mollinga, P. P., 2008. " Water, politics and development: Framing a political sociology of water resources management." ''Water alternatives'', 1(1), 7., 12</ref> De availability of [[drinking water]] per capita be inadequate den shrinking worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/world-s-supply-of-fresh-water-shrinking-dramatically-report-1.384437 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703050705/http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2003/03/05/water_report030305.html |url-status=live |archive-date=July 3, 2007 |publisher=CBC News |title=World's supply of fresh water shrinking dramatically: report |date=March 5, 2003}}</ref> De causes, dem relate to both quantity den quality, be chaw den varied; dem include local scarcity, limited availability den population pressures,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reportsyndication.news.blog/2019/10/12/the-coming-wars-for-water/|title=The Coming Wars for Water|date=October 12, 2019|website=Report Syndication}}</ref> buh sanso human activities of mass consumption, misuse, environmental degradation den [[water pollution]], as well as [[climate change]]. Water be a strategic natural resource, den scarcity of potable water be a frequent contributor to political conflicts thru out de world. Plus decreasing availability den increasing demand for water, sam predict say clean water go cam be de "next oil"; wey dey make countries like [[Canada]], [[Chile]], Norway, Colombia den [[Peru]], plus dis resource in abundance, de water-rich countries insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldwater.org/data20062007/Table1.pdf |title=Total Renewable Fresh Water Supply By Country |access-date=2008-04-18 |archive-date=2008-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516055735/http://worldwater.org/data20062007/Table1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ec/wpapers/kerp0219.pdf Peter Lawrence et al. "The Water Poverty Index : an International Comparison", Keele Economics Research Papers, 2002]</ref><ref>[http://www.worldwater.org/conflict.html A Chronology of Water-Related Conflicts]</ref> De UN World Water Development Report (WWDR, 2003) from de World Water Assessment Program dey indicate say, insyd de next 20 years, de quantity of water available to everyone be predicted to decrease by 30%. Currently, 40% of de world ein inhabitants get insufficient fresh water for minimal hygiene. More dan 2.2 million people die insyd 2000 from diseases related to de consumption of contaminated water anaa [[drought]]. Insyd 2004, de [[United Kingdom|UK]] charity WaterAid report say a kiddie dey die every 15 seconds from easily preventable water-related diseases; often dis dey mean lack of sewage disposal; see toilet. De United Nations Development Program dey sum up world water distribution insyd de 2006 development report: "One part of the world, sustains a designer bottled water market that generates no tangible health benefits, another part suffers acute public health risks because people have to drink water from drains or from lakes and rivers."<ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/report.cfm# UNDP Human Development Report 2006] United Nations Development Programme, 2006.</ref> Fresh water—now more precious dan ever insyd wona history for ein extensive use insyd agriculture, high-tech manufacturing, den energy production— increasingly dey receive attention as a resource wey dey require better management den sustainable use. Riparian water rights cam be issues of international diplomacy, in addition to domestic den regional water rights den politics.<ref>Rahaman, M. M. (Ed.) (2012) Special Issue: [http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=297&year=2012&vol=4&issue=1/2 Water Wars in 21st Century along International Rivers Basins: Speculation or Reality?], ''International Journal of Sustainable Society'', Vol. 4, Nos. 1/2, 193 pages.</ref> World Bank Vice Presido Ismail Serageldin predict, "Many of de wars of de 20th century be about oil, buh wars of de 21st century go be over water unless we change de way we manage water."<ref>Serageldin, I. (2009) '[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7244/full/459163b.html Water: conflicts set to arise within as well as between states]', ''Nature'', Vol. 459, p.163.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=LzvKQT9QJpyrMBm5G3VrTtYfFGfbQlRT9LK7nv5Kn7zym7CZG2VG!-331657331?docId=5008625832 |title=Where Oil and Water Do Mix: Environmental Scarcity and Future Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2017-09-18 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927064300/http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=LzvKQT9QJpyrMBm5G3VrTtYfFGfbQlRT9LK7nv5Kn7zym7CZG2VG!-331657331?docId=5008625832 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dis be debated by sam, however, wey dey argue say disputes over water usually be resolved by diplomacy wey no dey turn into wars.<ref>Barnaby, W., 2009. "Do nations go to war over water?" ''Nature'', Vol. 458, 282–283</ref> Another new school of thought dey argue say "perceived fears of losing control over shared water might contribute towards a constant preparedness to go to war among riparian nations, just in case there is one".<ref>Rahaman, M.M. (2012) [http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=record&rec_id=44658&prevQuery=&ps=10&m=or Water Wars in 21st Century: Speculation or Reality?], ''International Journal of Sustainable Society'', Vol. 4, Nos. 1/2, pp. 3–10. DOI:10.1504/IJSSOC.2012.044658</ref> == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} *[http://www.isarm.net/ ISARM] Internationally Shared Aquifer Resources Management *[http://clpmag.org/content/contentpages/2008/eastafrica.php Water Wars Multimedia on water scarcity and hydropolitics in East Africa] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120209193106/http://english.sviva.gov.il/Enviroment/bin/en.jsp?enPage=e_blankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=Zone&enDispWho=water_top&enZone=water_top& Israel Ministry of the Environment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209193106/http://english.sviva.gov.il/Enviroment/bin/en.jsp?enPage=e_blankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=Zone&enDispWho=water_top&enZone=water_top& |date=2012-02-09 }} *[http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH00ic0 Israel's Chronic Water Problem] * [https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/water-and-environmental-racism/ Water and Environmental Racism.] Lesson by Matt Reed and Ursula Wolfe-Rocca. [[Category:Water den politics| ]] iilmoroz90phlak1krmr0q5hda40jg0 0 27920 106453 105890 2026-07-09T17:06:39Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Khalij''' (Arabic:الخلیج, anaa ''al-khalīg'' insyd Egyptian pronunciation), dem sanso know as de '''''Khalij al-Misri''''' anaa '''''Khalij al-Masri''''' (Arabic:الخليج المصري), na e be a canal insyd Cairo, Egypt. E begin insyd de 7th century wen de new Arab conquerors rebuild an ancient canal wey link de [[Nile]] plus de Red Sea insyd Pharaonic den Roman times. Dem close de connection to de Red Sea insyd de 8th century, buh de canal remain an important feature of Cairo ein geography den ein water supply. Na e be traditionally closed for part of de year wey then dem reopen during de Nile floods. Na de yearly opening of de canal be celebrated as a major festival. Insyd de 14th century, de [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] sultan al-Nasir Muhammad create a second canal further west, de '''''Khalij al-Nasiri''''', wich na e be linked to de main canal. Insyd de 1890s, as ein function cam be less essential, na dem fill in de Khalij wey dem convert am into what be now Port Said Street insyd central Cairo. == References == === Sources === * {{Cite book |last=Abu-Lughod |first=Janet L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVmYDwAAQBAJ |title=Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-691-65660-1 |language=en}} * {{Cite book |last1=Gabra |first1=Gawdat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOxcBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA21 |title=The History and Religious Heritage of Old Cairo: Its Fortress, Churches, Synagogue, and Mosque |last2=van Loon |first2=Gertrud J.M. |last3=Reif |first3=Stefan |last4=Swelim |first4=Tarek |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |year=2013 |isbn=9789774167690 |editor-last=Ludwig |editor-first=Carolyn |language=en |editor-last2=Jackson |editor-first2=Morris}} * {{Cite book |last=Raymond |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tdLALt9AbQQC |title=Cairo |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-674-00316-3 |language=en |translator-last=Wood |translator-first=Willard |orig-date=1993}} * {{Cite book |last=Sheehan |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9ZjDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |title=Babylon of Egypt: The Archaeology of Old Cairo and the Origins of the City |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-977-416-731-7 |pages= |language=en}} {{Commons}} [[Category:Canals insyd Egypt]] [[Category:Ancient Egypt]] 5w9zqx819o16n9ffmcnmdnd8btb7nb4 106456 106453 2026-07-09T17:18:18Z DaSupremo 9 /* Gallery */ Improve article 106456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Khalij''' (Arabic:الخلیج, anaa ''al-khalīg'' insyd Egyptian pronunciation), dem sanso know as de '''''Khalij al-Misri''''' anaa '''''Khalij al-Masri''''' (Arabic:الخليج المصري), na e be a canal insyd Cairo, Egypt. E begin insyd de 7th century wen de new Arab conquerors rebuild an ancient canal wey link de [[Nile]] plus de Red Sea insyd Pharaonic den Roman times. Dem close de connection to de Red Sea insyd de 8th century, buh de canal remain an important feature of Cairo ein geography den ein water supply. Na e be traditionally closed for part of de year wey then dem reopen during de Nile floods. Na de yearly opening of de canal be celebrated as a major festival. Insyd de 14th century, de [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] sultan al-Nasir Muhammad create a second canal further west, de '''''Khalij al-Nasiri''''', wich na e be linked to de main canal. Insyd de 1890s, as ein function cam be less essential, na dem fill in de Khalij wey dem convert am into what be now Port Said Street insyd central Cairo. ==Gallery== <gallery widths="180" heights="150" class="center" caption="19th-century illustrations of de Khalij"> File:Khalij bridge Description de l'Egypte 150649.jpg|Depiction of a bridge over de Khalij insyd de ''Description de l'Égypte'' (c. 1809) File:Pascal Coste Cairo Khalij houses 158275 sv.jpg|Illustration of houses along de Khalij insyd de early 19th century (drawing by Pascal Coste) File:A Night Scene on the Nile, near the Mouth of the Cairo Canal, during the Festival of Gebr-El-Haleeg, or breaking the Canal - ILN 1862.jpg|Depiction of de Festival of de Opening of de Canal (c. 1862) File:View of the Khalig al-Masri (Canal), Cairo.jpg|19th-century photograph of de Khalij den houses along ein banks </gallery> == References == === Sources === * {{Cite book |last=Abu-Lughod |first=Janet L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVmYDwAAQBAJ |title=Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-691-65660-1 |language=en}} * {{Cite book |last1=Gabra |first1=Gawdat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOxcBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA21 |title=The History and Religious Heritage of Old Cairo: Its Fortress, Churches, Synagogue, and Mosque |last2=van Loon |first2=Gertrud J.M. |last3=Reif |first3=Stefan |last4=Swelim |first4=Tarek |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |year=2013 |isbn=9789774167690 |editor-last=Ludwig |editor-first=Carolyn |language=en |editor-last2=Jackson |editor-first2=Morris}} * {{Cite book |last=Raymond |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tdLALt9AbQQC |title=Cairo |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-674-00316-3 |language=en |translator-last=Wood |translator-first=Willard |orig-date=1993}} * {{Cite book |last=Sheehan |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9ZjDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |title=Babylon of Egypt: The Archaeology of Old Cairo and the Origins of the City |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-977-416-731-7 |pages= |language=en}} == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:Canals insyd Egypt]] [[Category:Ancient Egypt]] 5vsb3jx709za2gp154bg104bhsn580s 0 27923 106457 105921 2026-07-09T17:36:41Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maḥmūdiyya Canal''' (Greek: Ἀγαθὸς Δαίμων ''Agathos Daimon'' anaa Greek: Μέγας ποταμός ''Megas potamos'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trismegistos.org/place/60|title=TM Places|website=www.trismegistos.org|access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref> be a {{convert|45|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} sub-canal from de [[Nile|Nile River]] wich dey start at de Nile-port of Mahmoudia den dey go thru Alexandria to de Mediterranean Sea. Na dem build am to supply Alexandria plus chow den fresh water from de Nile. ==History== ===Before 1817=== De first freshwater canal wey connect River Nile to Alexandria, dem build am under de rule of Ptolemy I. Ibn Batuta (1304–1369), de Moroccan traveller, for ein book ''Rihla: My Travels'', talk say ein pass thru Alexandria for 1326, wey he mention one canal wey connect Alexandria to River Nile wey dem finish some few years before ein reach. Dis one fit contradict de claim say Wali Muhammad Ali build am almost four hundred years later. But if person look de geographical location plus de fact say dat area, wey dem reclaim no be too long before, be plain desert for dat time, e fit be say sand cover de old canal before dem later restore am. E no mean say dem follow exactly de same route when Muhammed Ali of Egypt rebuild am. ===De digging process=== For 8 May 1817, Viceroy Mohamed Ali order make dem dig one canal from River Nile near Alatf village make e carry water from River Nile go Alexandria thru Beheira wey e sanso serve as route for cargo ships. E gather workers plus all de tools wey dem need make dem start de digging work. During de digging, dem discover some old houses wey sand cover, den insyd dem find some ancient boxes. Dem open some of de boxes while dem send de others go give Mohamed Ali without anybody knowing wetin dey insyd. For April 1819, de work stop secof plague break out. For January 1820, dem finish de canal wey dem name am after Sultan Mahmud II, de Sultan of Istanbul, secof Egypt be province under de Ottoman Empire for dat time. ===After 1820=== Within twenty years after dem dig de canal, sand fill am wey e almost no fit pass again. Na only after Muhammad Sa'id Pasha cam be ruler before dem clear de canal wey make boats fit use am again. [[File:Mahmoudieh Canal, Near Alexandria.png|thumb|Postcard wey show Mahmoudiyah Canal]] Agreement between de Prussian Baron de Pentz den de Pasha to use de canal for supplying Alexandria during de first half of de nineteenth century end secof dem disagree over hoisting de Prussian flag.<ref name="thenewmonthly">William Harrison Ainsworth, ''The New Monthly Magazine'', London: Chapman and Hall, 1853, pp. 3-4 [https://books.google.com/books?id=8joFAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22Jules+Pastr%C3%A9%22&pg=PA3]</ref> For de 1850s, dem form one new steam-tug company with approval from de pasha make e use de canal. De board of directors include Jules Pastré, Alexander G. Cassavetti, Ange Adolphe Levi, Alexander Tod, den Moise Valensin. De pasha order de new company make dem replace de old locks with newer den bigger gates wey e sanso make dem clean den maintain de canal well.<ref name="thenewmonthly" /> ==Map from de time wey dem build am== For de French ''Carte Topographique de l'Egypte'',<ref>[http://rumsey.geogarage.com/maps/mosaicegypt29_48.html Nile delta in early 19th century, compilation of 18 from the 45 leaves of Carte topographique de l'Egypte (French), 1818]</ref> wey dem survey while dem dey build de canal den publish for 1818, dem call de canal Canal of Alexandria (خليج الإسكندرية — Khalīg al-Iskandariyya). For dat map, de place wey de canal branch from River Nile dey about 20 upstream from de modern branching point, buh no be part of de canal be completely straight. == Crime for Mahmudiyya == Because de canal big well well wey e dey close to de centre of Alexandria, plenty murderers dey use am dump dead bodies. For 1904, The Egyptian Gazette report say some butcher den shoemaker brutally kill one Egyptian woman wey dem throw ein body insyd de canal.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 6, 1904 |title=Egyptian Gazette |pages=3 |work=Egyptian Gazette}}</ref> Two years later, for 1906, dem report say one fisherman discover de remains of one young Egyptian girl insyd one big canvas bag along de canal.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 27, 1906 |title=Egyptian Gazette |pages=3 |work=Egyptian Gazette}}</ref> ==Sanso spy== * Suez Canal * [[Ibrahimiya Canal]] ==References== <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:Canals insyd Egypt]] [[Category:Canals dem open insyd 1820]] tn1q4a1arekv448s2qewqsvo1hvkz34 0 27924 106459 105922 2026-07-09T17:42:58Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}De '''Ibrahimiyah Canal''' be irrigation canal for Egypt wey dem build for 1873.<ref>{{cite book |title=Drylands |last=Beaumont |first=Peter |year=1993 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-09663-8|pages=249}}</ref><ref name=Hatim>{{cite book|author=Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Qādir Ḥātim|title=Land of the Arabs|publisher=Longman|date=1977|isbn=9780582780378|pages=32, 49}}</ref> Dem build am during Ismail Pasha ein rule as Khedive for Egypt. E be de most important public work wey dem do under de new Ministry of Public Works. Bahgat Pasha, wey be minister for public works, order make dem build am. E design am mainly make e give permanent irrigation to de Khedivial sugar estates for Middle Egypt. De canal dey supply permanent irrigation to {{convert|580000|acre|km2}} land plus flood irrigation to another {{convert|420000|acre|km2}}. De amount of water wey dey pass insyd de canal dey range from 30 to 80 cubic metres per second for summer, den between 500 den 900 cubic metres per second during flood season. E head dey de left bank of de Nile for Assiut. From der e dey flow go north for 60 kilometres before e divide for Dairut into two main branches. One branch be de Bahr Yussef Canal, while de other one be de Ibrahimiyah Canal proper.<ref>{{cite book|author=William Willcocks|title=Egyptian Irrigation|url=https://archive.org/details/egyptianirrigati02willuoft|edition=Third|location=London|publisher=E & F. N. Spon. Ltd|date=1913}}</ref> Dis 350-kilometre long canal, wey plenty people agree say e be one of de biggest man-made canals for de world, first dey take water direct from de Nile without any weirs or inlet works for de river, so de river water dey enter am freely. Sir William Willcocks, de famous British civil engineer, later build de Assiut Barrage for 1901 make dem fit control de amount of water wey dey flow inside de canal better. Although dem build locks through de southern third of de canal, Ibrahimiyah Canal no dey fit for navigation after Dairut because dem design am only for irrigation. Apart from small places wey e dey follow parts of old canals, de Ibrahimiyah Canal dey flow parallel to de Nile, and de distance between de canal den de river no pass 4 to 5 kilometres. == Dairut Distribution Works== For de 60th kilometre for Dairut, Ibrahimiyah Canal start dey share ein water. For dis place, de canal dey become wide like one basin, den dem build six distribution structures along am. Dem be: # Inlet for de Sahelieh Canal, wey get two arches, each one be 3 metres wide. # Inlet for de Dairoutieh Canal, wey get three arches, each one be 3 metres wide. # Inlet for Bahr Yussef (de main irrigation canal for Faiyum), wey get five arches, each one be 3 metres wide. Bahr Yussef normally dey receive one-third of all de water from Ibrahimiyah Canal. E dey irrigate lands west of Minya, Beni Suef den Faiyum provinces. # Distribution structure for Ibrahimiyah Canal itself, wey get seven arches, each one be 3 metres wide, plus one navigation lock wey be 8.5 metres wide. # One reservoir wey dey carry extra water from de canal back go de Nile. Dis structure get five openings, each one be 3 metres wide, plus one navigation lock wey be 8.5 metres wide. # One inlet wey get two arches, each one be 3 metres wide, for filling different basins on de left bank of Bahr Yussef Canal, for places wey dey too high make Bahr Yussef ein own water no fit reach dem.<ref>J. Barois, (1887). ''Irrigation in Egypt'', Paris, 39</ref> After Ibrahimiyah leave Dairut, different distribution structures dey control de amount of water wey dey flow along de canal. Dem be: # '''Hafez Regulator''': for kilometre 90 for Mallawi. Dem abandon de original regulator, den dem build one new one for 1989 as part of de US-funded Irrigation Improvements Project (IIP). Before dis regulator, for de left side, de intake for Serry Canal dey, wey be one major branch from Ibrahimiyah wey dey irrigate more than {{convert|140000|acre|km2}} west of Minya. # '''Minya Regulator''': for kilometre 120 for Minya. De old regulator, wey people still dey use as bridge, get three arches, each one be 3 metres wide. Dem build one new regulator 2 kilometres downstream from de old one for 1993, also as part of de IIP project. # '''Matay Regulator''': for kilometre 160. E too get three arches, each one be 3 metres wide. # '''Maghagha Regulator''': for kilometre 188. Another structure wey get three arches, each one be 3 metres wide. E get one weir too. # '''Al Sharahnah Regulator''': for kilometre 210. For dis place, one regulator wey get three arches plus one siphon dey allow drainage water make e pass under de Ibrahimiyah Canal. After de canal leave Al Sharahnah, e continue for about 140 kilometres. But by de time e reach Al Ayat for Giza, e no be major canal again. Instead, e turn small irrigation canal wey get bottom width of only 5 metres. ==References== <references /> {{Commons}} [[Category:Canals insyd Egypt]] 4s8m3vp1j655hj3q7dqyr8r066t3pfn 0 27925 106460 105923 2026-07-09T17:46:29Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''El Salam Canal''' (Arabic: ترعة السلام) be canal wey dem build as part of de Sinai Project. E start from de Damietta branch of de [[Nile]] wey e stretch go southwest towards Lake Manzala, den e turn south make e drain enter El Sarow drainage. Afta dat, e move go east den south again go Hadoos drainage. From der, e pass under de Suez Canal thru four tunnels. E continue for de oda side of de Suez Canal as de El-Sheikh Jaber canal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sallam |first=Osama |last2=Dawoud |first2=M. A. |date=October 2014 |title=New Reclamation Mega Projects and Increasing the Pressure on Water System in the Nile Valley and Delta in Egypt |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Osama-Sallam-2/publication/274512763_New_Reclamation_Mega_Projects_and_Increasing_the_Pressure_on_Water_System_in_the_Nile_Valley_and_Delta_in_Egypt/links/552228af0cf2f9c130529d21/New-Reclamation-Mega-Projects-and-Increasing-the-Pressure-on-Water-System-in-the-Nile-Valley-and-Delta-in-Egypt.pdf |access-date=2 Nov 2025 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Canals insyd Egypt]] 031jqr7v8k6m03gawuz4jyovtx3w1vj 0 27926 106461 105924 2026-07-09T17:54:06Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:بحر يوسف بمدينة المنيا.jpg|thumb|312x312px|Bahr Yussef near de town of Minya]] '''Bahr Yussef''' (Arabic: بحر يوسف; "Joseph ein waterway"<ref>The [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word ''Bahr'' literally means "sea", not "river", which would be "Nahr").</ref>) be canal wey dey connect Nile River plus Faiyum Oasis for Egypt. For ancient times, de Greeks dey call am '''Tomis''' (Ancient Greek: Τωμις), wey dem derive from ein Egyptian name ''Tm.t'' ("ending canal"). Dat name still dey in use after de Arab conquest, wey dem translate am go Arabic as '''al-Manhi''' (Arabic: المنهى).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Peust |first=Carsten |title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten |year=2010 |location=Göttingen |pages=103}}</ref> Dem still dey call am "de Great canal" (Ancient Greek: διῶρυξ Μεγάλη) anaa "de canal of Moeris".<ref>{{Cite web|title=TM Places|url=https://www.trismegistos.org/place/572|access-date=2020-12-06|website=www.trismegistos.org}}</ref> De modern Arabic name dey refer to de prophet Yusuf, wey be de [[Quran]] ein version of de biblical Joseph.<ref name=":0" /> For prehistoric times, de canal be natural distributary of de [[Nile]] wey create lake for de west side during big floods. From de Twelfth Dynasty, dem enlarge de waterway den develop Fayyum to make Lake Moeris (now Birket Qarun) bigger. Dem build de canal follow de natural slope of de valley, wey create channel wey be 15&nbsp;km long plus 5 m deep wey slope enter de Fayyum depression. De Ha-Uar Dam control de canal, wey actually be two dams wey regulate how water dey flow enter de lake den flow back go de Nile. As de surrounding area change around 230 BC, dem neglect Bahr Yussef gradually, wey make most of Lake Moeris dry finish, dem create de depression wey dey today plus de modern Faiyum Oasis. For medieval period, de canal still be important communication route wey connect Fayyum plus Cairo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tillier |first1=Mathieu |last2=Vanthieghem |first2=Naïm |title=Un voyageur témoin de manoeuvres militaires dans le Fayoum (IIIe-IVe/IXe-Xe siècle) |journal=Chronique d'Égypte |date=July 2020 |volume=95 |issue=190 |pages=347–367 |doi=10.1484/J.CDE.5.124771|s2cid=238100373 |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03214276/file/Tillier-Vanthieghem-Lettre%20voyageur%20Fayoum-Chronique%20Egypte.pdf }}</ref> Bahr Yussef still dey today, as e dey carry water go north enter Faiyum Oasis, wey dey run side by side plus de Nile. ==Sanso spy== * Sakoula DNC == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Canals insyd Egypt]] [[Category:Faiyum]] [[Category:Faiyum Governorate]] [[Category:River bifurcations]] q3poxfdppnpa3agubvuizpbsu1aj4vm 106465 106461 2026-07-09T17:56:49Z DaSupremo 9 Removed image already in the databox 106465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Bahr Yussef''' (Arabic: بحر يوسف; "Joseph ein waterway"<ref>The [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word ''Bahr'' literally means "sea", not "river", which would be "Nahr").</ref>) be canal wey dey connect Nile River plus Faiyum Oasis for Egypt. For ancient times, de Greeks dey call am '''Tomis''' (Ancient Greek: Τωμις), wey dem derive from ein Egyptian name ''Tm.t'' ("ending canal"). Dat name still dey in use after de Arab conquest, wey dem translate am go Arabic as '''al-Manhi''' (Arabic: المنهى).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Peust |first=Carsten |title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten |year=2010 |location=Göttingen |pages=103}}</ref> Dem still dey call am "de Great canal" (Ancient Greek: διῶρυξ Μεγάλη) anaa "de canal of Moeris".<ref>{{Cite web|title=TM Places|url=https://www.trismegistos.org/place/572|access-date=2020-12-06|website=www.trismegistos.org}}</ref> De modern Arabic name dey refer to de prophet Yusuf, wey be de [[Quran]] ein version of de biblical Joseph.<ref name=":0" /> For prehistoric times, de canal be natural distributary of de [[Nile]] wey create lake for de west side during big floods. From de Twelfth Dynasty, dem enlarge de waterway den develop Fayyum to make Lake Moeris (now Birket Qarun) bigger. Dem build de canal follow de natural slope of de valley, wey create channel wey be 15&nbsp;km long plus 5 m deep wey slope enter de Fayyum depression. De Ha-Uar Dam control de canal, wey actually be two dams wey regulate how water dey flow enter de lake den flow back go de Nile. As de surrounding area change around 230 BC, dem neglect Bahr Yussef gradually, wey make most of Lake Moeris dry finish, dem create de depression wey dey today plus de modern Faiyum Oasis. For medieval period, de canal still be important communication route wey connect Fayyum plus Cairo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tillier |first1=Mathieu |last2=Vanthieghem |first2=Naïm |title=Un voyageur témoin de manoeuvres militaires dans le Fayoum (IIIe-IVe/IXe-Xe siècle) |journal=Chronique d'Égypte |date=July 2020 |volume=95 |issue=190 |pages=347–367 |doi=10.1484/J.CDE.5.124771|s2cid=238100373 |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03214276/file/Tillier-Vanthieghem-Lettre%20voyageur%20Fayoum-Chronique%20Egypte.pdf }}</ref> Bahr Yussef still dey today, as e dey carry water go north enter Faiyum Oasis, wey dey run side by side plus de Nile. ==Sanso spy== * Sakoula DNC == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Canals insyd Egypt]] [[Category:Faiyum]] [[Category:Faiyum Governorate]] [[Category:River bifurcations]] mlepzw8dkk0v23xpp2mup27631yu9wz 0 27927 106477 106184 2026-07-09T23:05:50Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Canals''' anaa '''artificial waterways''' be waterways anaa engineered channels dem build for drainage management (e.g. flood control den [[irrigation]]) anaa for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). Dem dey carry free, calm surface flow under atmospheric pressure, wey dem fi think am as artificial rivers. Insyd most cases, a canal get a series of dams den locks wey dey create reservoirs of low speed current flow. Dese reservoirs be referred to as ''slack water levels'', dem often just call ''levels''. A canal fi be called a '''navigation canal''' wen e dey parallel a natural river den dey share part of de latter ein discharges den drainage basin, den dey leverage ein resources by building dams den locks to increase den lengthen ein stretches of slack water levels while staying insyd ein valley. A canal fi cut across a drainage divide atop a ridge, generally dey require an external water source above de highest elevation. De best-known example of such a canal be de Panama Canal. Dem build chaw canals at elevations, above valleys den oda waterways. Canals plus sources of water at a higher level fi deliver water to a destination such as a city wer water be needed. Na de Roman Empire ein aqueducts be such water supply canals. Na de term once be used to describe certain linear features on de surface of Mars, though modern imaging show dis to be a misnomer. ==Types of canals== Der be two broad types of canal: * Waterways: canals den navigations dem use for carrying vessels transporting goods den people. Dese fi be subdivided into two kinds: :* Those wey dey connect existing lakes, rivers, oda canals anaa seas den oceans. :* Those dem connect insyd a city network: such as de ''Canal Grande'' den odas of Venice; de ''grachten'' of Amsterdam anaa Utrecht, den de waterways of Bangkok. * Aqueducts: water supply canals wey be used for de conveyance den delivery of [[Drinking water|potable water]], municipal uses, hydro power canals den agriculture [[irrigation]] == Lists of canals == * '''Africa''' ** [[Bahr Yussef]] ** [[El Salam Canal]] ([[Egypt]]) ** [[Ibrahimiya Canal]] (Egypt) ** [[Mahmudiyya Canal|Mahmoudiyah Canal]] (Egypt) ** Suez Canal (Egypt) * '''Asia''' ** King Abdullah Canal (Jordan) ** Qanat al-Jaish ([[Iraq]]) * '''Europe''' ** Danube–Black Sea Canal (Romania) ** North Crimean Canal (Ukraine) ** Great Bačka Canal (Serbia) * '''North America''' ** Panama Canal == Lists of proposed canals == * Eurasia Canal * Istanbul Canal * Nicaragua Canal * Salwa Canal * Thai Canal * Sulawesi Canal * Two Seas Canal * Northern river reversal * Balkan Canal anaa Danube–Morava–Vardar–Aegean Canal * Iranrud == References == === Bibliography === * {{Citation |last=Calvert |first=Roger |title=Inland Waterways of Europe |journal=The Geographical Journal |volume=129 |issue=4 |page=515 |year=1963 |publisher=George Allen and Unwin |bibcode=1963GeogJ.129..515A |doi=10.2307/1794678 |jstor=1794678}} * {{Citation |last=Edwards-May |first=David |title=European Waterways - map and concise directory, 3rd edition |year=2008 |publisher=Euromapping}} * {{Citation |last=Hadfield |first=Charles |title=World Canals: Inland Navigation Past and Present |year=1986 |publisher=David and Charles |isbn=978-0-7153-8555-5 |author-link=Charles Hadfield (historian)}} * {{Citation |last=Needham |first=J. |title=Science and Civilisation in China |year=1971 |publisher=C.U.P. Cambridge}} * {{Citation |last=Rodda |first=J.C. |title=The Basis of Civilization - Water Science? |year=2004 |publisher=International Association of Hydrological Sciences}} kwcg3k53bpfck63d3qja40h2eiccyuh 106478 106477 2026-07-09T23:14:14Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 106478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Canals''' anaa '''artificial waterways''' be waterways anaa engineered channels dem build for drainage management (e.g. flood control den [[irrigation]]) anaa for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). Dem dey carry free, calm surface flow under atmospheric pressure, wey dem fi think am as artificial rivers. Insyd most cases, a canal get a series of dams den locks wey dey create reservoirs of low speed current flow. Dese reservoirs be referred to as ''slack water levels'', dem often just call ''levels''. A canal fi be called a '''navigation canal''' wen e dey parallel a natural river den dey share part of de latter ein discharges den drainage basin, den dey leverage ein resources by building dams den locks to increase den lengthen ein stretches of slack water levels while staying insyd ein valley. A canal fi cut across a drainage divide atop a ridge, generally dey require an external water source above de highest elevation. De best-known example of such a canal be de Panama Canal. Dem build chaw canals at elevations, above valleys den oda waterways. Canals plus sources of water at a higher level fi deliver water to a destination such as a city wer water be needed. Na de Roman Empire ein aqueducts be such water supply canals. Na de term once be used to describe certain linear features on de surface of Mars, though modern imaging show dis to be a misnomer. ==Types of canals== Der be two broad types of canal: * Waterways: canals den navigations dem use for carrying vessels transporting goods den people. Dese fi be subdivided into two kinds: :* Those wey dey connect existing lakes, rivers, oda canals anaa seas den oceans. :* Those dem connect insyd a city network: such as de ''Canal Grande'' den odas of Venice; de ''grachten'' of Amsterdam anaa Utrecht, den de waterways of Bangkok. * Aqueducts: water supply canals wey be used for de conveyance den delivery of [[Drinking water|potable water]], municipal uses, hydro power canals den agriculture [[irrigation]] == Lists of canals == * '''Africa''' ** [[Bahr Yussef]] ** [[El Salam Canal]] ([[Egypt]]) ** [[Ibrahimiya Canal]] (Egypt) ** [[Mahmudiyya Canal|Mahmoudiyah Canal]] (Egypt) ** Suez Canal (Egypt) * '''Asia''' ** King Abdullah Canal (Jordan) ** Qanat al-Jaish ([[Iraq]]) * '''Europe''' ** Danube–Black Sea Canal (Romania) ** North Crimean Canal (Ukraine) ** Great Bačka Canal (Serbia) * '''North America''' ** Panama Canal == Lists of proposed canals == * Eurasia Canal * Istanbul Canal * Nicaragua Canal * Salwa Canal * Thai Canal * Sulawesi Canal * Two Seas Canal * Northern river reversal * Balkan Canal anaa Danube–Morava–Vardar–Aegean Canal * Iranrud == References == === Bibliography === * {{Citation |last=Calvert |first=Roger |title=Inland Waterways of Europe |journal=The Geographical Journal |volume=129 |issue=4 |page=515 |year=1963 |publisher=George Allen and Unwin |bibcode=1963GeogJ.129..515A |doi=10.2307/1794678 |jstor=1794678}} * {{Citation |last=Edwards-May |first=David |title=European Waterways - map and concise directory, 3rd edition |year=2008 |publisher=Euromapping}} * {{Citation |last=Hadfield |first=Charles |title=World Canals: Inland Navigation Past and Present |year=1986 |publisher=David and Charles |isbn=978-0-7153-8555-5 |author-link=Charles Hadfield (historian)}} * {{Citation |last=Needham |first=J. |title=Science and Civilisation in China |year=1971 |publisher=C.U.P. Cambridge}} * {{Citation |last=Rodda |first=J.C. |title=The Basis of Civilization - Water Science? |year=2004 |publisher=International Association of Hydrological Sciences}} ==External links== {{sister project links||d=Q12284|c=Category:Canals|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=Canal|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://www.waterscape.com/ British Waterways' leisure website – Britain's official guide to canals, rivers and lakes] * [http://www.towpathtreks.co.uk/ Leeds Liverpool Canal Photographic Guide] * [https://www.nycanals.com/ Information and Boater's Guide to the New York State Canal System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724103315/http://www.nycanals.com/ |date=24 July 2008 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719194715/http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/wetland/canal/canals.htm "Canals and Navigable Rivers" by James S. Aber, Emporia State University] * [https://canals.org/ National Canal Museum (US)] * [https://www.canalmuseum.org.uk/ London Canal Museum (UK)] * [http://www.world-city-photos.org/Amsterdam/photos/Canals_and_Bridges/ Canals in Amsterdam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914101104/http://www.world-city-photos.org/Amsterdam/photos/Canals_and_Bridges/ |date=14 September 2008 }} * [http://www.canaldumidi.com Canal du Midi] * [http://www.canaldumidi.com/Canal-des-Deux-Mers.php Canal des Deux Mers] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070717234045/http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/water/bubbler/index.htm Canal flow measurement using a sensor]. {{Authority control}} [[Category:Canals| ]] [[Category:Coastal construction]] [[Category:Water transport infrastructure]] [[Category:Artificial bodies of water]] [[Category:Infrastructure]] k8ue51q052mxmjz4802c9yed88qvqh2 0 27931 106467 105934 2026-07-09T18:04:07Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Swakop_20_km_before_Swakopmund.jpg|right|thumb|De Swakop River dey flood 20 km outsyd Swakopmund on 15 February 2008.]] [[File:Muendung_des_Swakop.jpg|thumb|Wer de Swakop dey meet de [[Atlantic Ocean]] (2017). Poles of de old railway bridge dem see insyd de foreground.]] [[File:Swakop_Vogelperspektive.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Swakop River (2017).]] De '''Swakop River''' (Khoekhoe: ''Tsoaxaub'')<ref name="Malan">{{Cite book |last=Malan |first=Johan S |title=Die Völker Namibias |publisher=Klaus Hess |year=1998 |location=Windhoek, Göttingen |pages=134–135 |language=German |trans-title=The Tribes of Namibia}}</ref> be a major river insyd western central [[Namibia]]. Ein source be insyd de Khomas Highland. From der e dey flow westwards thru de town of Okahandja, de historic mission station at Gross Barmen, den de settlement of Otjimbingwe. E then dey cross de Namib desert den dey reach de [[Atlantic Ocean]] at Swakopmund ('Mouth of the Swakop'). De Swakop be an ephemeral river; ein run-off roughly be 40 million cubic metres per annum.<ref name="el2010">{{cite news |title=Elections 2010: Erongo regional profile|publisher=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]|date=24 June 2005}}</ref> E reach de [[Atlantic Ocean]] most recently insyd 2011, 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cindy van Wyk, Ellanie Smit |date=17 Feb 2022 |title=Swakop River reaches ocean after more than a decade |url=https://www.namibiansun.com/news/swakop-river-reaches-ocean-after-more-than-a-decade2022-02-17 |access-date=2 Apr 2025 |website=Namibian Sun |publisher=Namibia Media Holdings |language=en}}</ref> den 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Braune |first=Laura |date=1 April 2025 |title=Swakop River |url=https://www.instagram.com/laura_braune/reel/DH6te0WtqeV/ |access-date=2 Apr 2025 |website=Instagram |publisher=}}</ref> De Swakop River, along plus ein main tributary Khan, be one of de largest temporary water-bearing rivers insyd de dry western part of Namibia. E be 460 km (290 mi) long wey e get a 30,100 km² (11,600 sq mi) large catchment area (wey dey include ein tributaries).<ref name="Jacobson2">{{Cite book |last1=Jacobson|first1=Peter J.|last2=Jacobson|first2=Kathryn M.|last3=Seely|first3=Mary K.|title=Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western Namibia|url=http://www.the-eis.com/data/literature/Ephemeral%20rivers%20and%20their%20catchments_1995.pdf|publisher=Desert Research Foundation of Namibia|place=[[Windhoek]]|date=1995|pages=138–139|isbn=9991670947|format=PDF 8.7MB}}</ref> De area around de river mouth den de surrounding dunes sanso be known for rich bird life den sam unusual plant species (like de Welwitschia) wey dey use de regular fog drifting in from de sea to sustain demaselves in de absence of oda moisture. Groundwater levels insyd de area drop about 0.3 m further secof de presence of two big dams dem build for de Swakop River top.<ref name="Namibian2">{{Cite web |last=Fillemon |first=Nampa |title=MTC investigated over disappearing data complaints |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/mtc-investigated-over-disappearing-data-complaints/ |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=The Namibian |language=en-US}}</ref> Notwithstanding de river ein irregular flow, sam agriculture dey undertake insyd de Swakop River valley. Thus, de region be well known for ein fresh produce, especially tomatoes, asparagus den olives. Der be sam fears of salt den uranium (possibly natural, possibly from de Rössing uranium mine) wey dey endanger dis farming industry.<ref name="Namibian2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=''Rössing in the Erongo Region'' |url=http://www.rossing.com/erongo.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230060907/http://www.rossing.com/erongo.htm |archive-date=2006-12-30 |access-date=2007-01-06 |publisher=Rössing Uranium Limited}}</ref> == Etymology == De name dey cam from de Khoekhoe phrase ''Tsoa-xaub'', from ''tsoa'' ("anus") den ''xaub'' ("excrement"). De name dey derive from de observation of de flow of large amounts of brownish sludge wey dey discharge into de Atlantic Ocean plus de rains.<ref>Raper, Peter (1987) ''Dictionary of Southern African Place Names''. Johannesburg: Lowry Publishers.</ref> == Hydrology == De Swakop dey drain a catchment area of 30,100&nbsp;km² wey dey extend from de mouth into de Atlantic Ocean at Swakopmund over Otjimbingwe den insyd de east to about 50&nbsp;km from Okahandja, den insyd de south to Khomas Highlands outsyd Windhoek. De highest point of de watershed dey locate at 2,480 m. Annual rainfall dey vary from 0&nbsp;mm insyd de lower dey reach up to 475&nbsp;mm insyd de eastern Khomas Highlands. Rainfall dey exceed 300&nbsp;mm per year insyd 39% of de catchment area, den up to 80% of de catchment dey experience annual rainfall above 100&nbsp;mm.<ref name="Jacobson2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clifford |first=T. N. |date=2008-03-01 |title=The geology of the Neoproterozoic Swakop-Otavi transition zone in the Outjo District, northern Damara Orogen, Namibia |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.111.1.117 |journal=South African Journal of Geology |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=117–140 |bibcode=2008SAJG..111..117C |doi=10.2113/gssajg.111.1.117 |issn=1012-0750 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Vegetation den fauna == Secof ein size den scope, de Swakop get a very diverse catchment area. 29% of de area dey insyd highveld savanna, 28% insyd thornveld savanna, 34% insyd semidesert den savanna transition zone, den 9% insyd de central Namib Desert.<ref name="Jacobson2" /> Insyd de Highlands a more anaa less dense bush vegetation dey prevail. Insyd de arid lower reaches der be a more limited flora insyd de Swakop River valley einself, plus de typical gallery vegetation from ana trees (''Faidherbia albida''), tamarisk (''Tamarix''), camel thorn (''Acacia erioloba''), Salvadora, various fig species, Euclea den sanso tobacco (''Nicotiana'' spp.), Jimsonweed (''Datura'') den mesquite (''Prosopis'' spp.) as invasive species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cowlishaw |first=Guy |last2=Davies |first2=Jonathan G. |date=June 1997 |title=Flora of the Pro-Namib Desert Swakop River Catchment, Namibia: community classification and implications for desert vegetation sampling |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1996.0203 |journal=Journal of Arid Environments |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=271–290 |bibcode=1997JArEn..36..271C |doi=10.1006/jare.1996.0203 |issn=0140-1963 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Usage den colonisation == [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_105-DSWA0116,_Deutsch-Süd-Westafrika,_Farm_Gonikontes.jpg|thumb|De farm of Goanikontes insyd Swakop River, circa 1906.]] Unlike de rest of de dry rivers insyd western Namibia, der be large human settlements insyd de basin of de Swakop River, such as de towns of Usakos, Karibib, Otjimbingwe, Okahandja den Namibia ein capital, Windhoek, so dat de population insyd de catchment area be more dan 200,000 persons.<ref name="Jacobson2" /> De Swakop Bridge insyd Swakopmund be a notable man-made sight near de place wer de river dey empty into de ocean. == References == <references /> == External links == gq17dnauc6bkh56rqdff2zr6ok5xivw 106468 106467 2026-07-09T18:06:00Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 106468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Swakop_20_km_before_Swakopmund.jpg|right|thumb|De Swakop River dey flood 20 km outsyd Swakopmund on 15 February 2008.]] [[File:Muendung_des_Swakop.jpg|thumb|Wer de Swakop dey meet de [[Atlantic Ocean]] (2017). Poles of de old railway bridge dem see insyd de foreground.]] [[File:Swakop_Vogelperspektive.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Swakop River (2017).]] De '''Swakop River''' (Khoekhoe: ''Tsoaxaub'')<ref name="Malan">{{Cite book |last=Malan |first=Johan S |title=Die Völker Namibias |publisher=Klaus Hess |year=1998 |location=Windhoek, Göttingen |pages=134–135 |language=German |trans-title=The Tribes of Namibia}}</ref> be a major river insyd western central [[Namibia]]. Ein source be insyd de Khomas Highland. From der e dey flow westwards thru de town of Okahandja, de historic mission station at Gross Barmen, den de settlement of Otjimbingwe. E then dey cross de Namib desert den dey reach de [[Atlantic Ocean]] at Swakopmund ('Mouth of the Swakop'). De Swakop be an ephemeral river; ein run-off roughly be 40 million cubic metres per annum.<ref name="el2010">{{cite news |title=Elections 2010: Erongo regional profile|publisher=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]|date=24 June 2005}}</ref> E reach de [[Atlantic Ocean]] most recently insyd 2011, 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cindy van Wyk, Ellanie Smit |date=17 Feb 2022 |title=Swakop River reaches ocean after more than a decade |url=https://www.namibiansun.com/news/swakop-river-reaches-ocean-after-more-than-a-decade2022-02-17 |access-date=2 Apr 2025 |website=Namibian Sun |publisher=Namibia Media Holdings |language=en}}</ref> den 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Braune |first=Laura |date=1 April 2025 |title=Swakop River |url=https://www.instagram.com/laura_braune/reel/DH6te0WtqeV/ |access-date=2 Apr 2025 |website=Instagram |publisher=}}</ref> De Swakop River, along plus ein main tributary Khan, be one of de largest temporary water-bearing rivers insyd de dry western part of Namibia. E be 460 km (290 mi) long wey e get a 30,100 km² (11,600 sq mi) large catchment area (wey dey include ein tributaries).<ref name="Jacobson2">{{Cite book |last1=Jacobson|first1=Peter J.|last2=Jacobson|first2=Kathryn M.|last3=Seely|first3=Mary K.|title=Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western Namibia|url=http://www.the-eis.com/data/literature/Ephemeral%20rivers%20and%20their%20catchments_1995.pdf|publisher=Desert Research Foundation of Namibia|place=[[Windhoek]]|date=1995|pages=138–139|isbn=9991670947|format=PDF 8.7MB}}</ref> De area around de river mouth den de surrounding dunes sanso be known for rich bird life den sam unusual plant species (like de Welwitschia) wey dey use de regular fog drifting in from de sea to sustain demaselves in de absence of oda moisture. Groundwater levels insyd de area drop about 0.3 m further secof de presence of two big dams dem build for de Swakop River top.<ref name="Namibian2">{{Cite web |last=Fillemon |first=Nampa |title=MTC investigated over disappearing data complaints |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/mtc-investigated-over-disappearing-data-complaints/ |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=The Namibian |language=en-US}}</ref> Notwithstanding de river ein irregular flow, sam agriculture dey undertake insyd de Swakop River valley. Thus, de region be well known for ein fresh produce, especially tomatoes, asparagus den olives. Der be sam fears of salt den uranium (possibly natural, possibly from de Rössing uranium mine) wey dey endanger dis farming industry.<ref name="Namibian2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=''Rössing in the Erongo Region'' |url=http://www.rossing.com/erongo.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230060907/http://www.rossing.com/erongo.htm |archive-date=2006-12-30 |access-date=2007-01-06 |publisher=Rössing Uranium Limited}}</ref> == Etymology == De name dey cam from de Khoekhoe phrase ''Tsoa-xaub'', from ''tsoa'' ("anus") den ''xaub'' ("excrement"). De name dey derive from de observation of de flow of large amounts of brownish sludge wey dey discharge into de Atlantic Ocean plus de rains.<ref>Raper, Peter (1987) ''Dictionary of Southern African Place Names''. Johannesburg: Lowry Publishers.</ref> == Hydrology == De Swakop dey drain a catchment area of 30,100&nbsp;km² wey dey extend from de mouth into de Atlantic Ocean at Swakopmund over Otjimbingwe den insyd de east to about 50&nbsp;km from Okahandja, den insyd de south to Khomas Highlands outsyd Windhoek. De highest point of de watershed dey locate at 2,480 m. Annual rainfall dey vary from 0&nbsp;mm insyd de lower dey reach up to 475&nbsp;mm insyd de eastern Khomas Highlands. Rainfall dey exceed 300&nbsp;mm per year insyd 39% of de catchment area, den up to 80% of de catchment dey experience annual rainfall above 100&nbsp;mm.<ref name="Jacobson2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clifford |first=T. N. |date=2008-03-01 |title=The geology of the Neoproterozoic Swakop-Otavi transition zone in the Outjo District, northern Damara Orogen, Namibia |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.111.1.117 |journal=South African Journal of Geology |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=117–140 |bibcode=2008SAJG..111..117C |doi=10.2113/gssajg.111.1.117 |issn=1012-0750 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Vegetation den fauna == Secof ein size den scope, de Swakop get a very diverse catchment area. 29% of de area dey insyd highveld savanna, 28% insyd thornveld savanna, 34% insyd semidesert den savanna transition zone, den 9% insyd de central Namib Desert.<ref name="Jacobson2" /> Insyd de Highlands a more anaa less dense bush vegetation dey prevail. Insyd de arid lower reaches der be a more limited flora insyd de Swakop River valley einself, plus de typical gallery vegetation from ana trees (''Faidherbia albida''), tamarisk (''Tamarix''), camel thorn (''Acacia erioloba''), Salvadora, various fig species, Euclea den sanso tobacco (''Nicotiana'' spp.), Jimsonweed (''Datura'') den mesquite (''Prosopis'' spp.) as invasive species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cowlishaw |first=Guy |last2=Davies |first2=Jonathan G. |date=June 1997 |title=Flora of the Pro-Namib Desert Swakop River Catchment, Namibia: community classification and implications for desert vegetation sampling |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1996.0203 |journal=Journal of Arid Environments |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=271–290 |bibcode=1997JArEn..36..271C |doi=10.1006/jare.1996.0203 |issn=0140-1963 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Usage den colonisation == [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_105-DSWA0116,_Deutsch-Süd-Westafrika,_Farm_Gonikontes.jpg|thumb|De farm of Goanikontes insyd Swakop River, circa 1906.]] Unlike de rest of de dry rivers insyd western Namibia, der be large human settlements insyd de basin of de Swakop River, such as de towns of Usakos, Karibib, Otjimbingwe, Okahandja den Namibia ein capital, Windhoek, so dat de population insyd de catchment area be more dan 200,000 persons.<ref name="Jacobson2" /> De Swakop Bridge insyd Swakopmund be a notable man-made sight near de place wer de river dey empty into de ocean. == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * Klaus Hüser, Helga Besler, Wolf Dieter Blümel, Klaus Heine, Hartmut Leser, [[Uwe Rust]]: ''Namibia – Eine Landschaftskunde in Bildern''. Klaus Hess, Göttingen/Windhoek 2001, {{ISBN|978-3-933117-14-4}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rivers of Namibia]] [[Category:Swakopmund]] [[Category:Geography of Erongo Region]] [[Category:Geography of Khomas Region]] [[Category:Geography of Otjozondjupa Region]] i8pyaomftdy44ak2v521rq4gzko5adi 0 27947 106450 106024 2026-07-09T14:12:43Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 106450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Water treatment project in Uganda}} {{EngvarB|date=April 2018}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} {{Databox}} '''Katosi Water Works''' ('''KWW'''), wey dem also dey call '''Katosi Water Treatment Plant''', na water purification plus distribution project for Uganda.<ref name="One">{{cite web|access-date=26 April 2018 | url=https://chimpreports.com/exclusive-nwsc-embarks-on-new-160millon-litres-katosi-water-works/ |title=NWSC Embarks on New 160 millon Litres Katosi Water Works |date=5 February 2018 |work=Chimpreports.com |author=Sharon Kyatusiimire |location=Kampala}}</ref> ==Location== The water treatment facility dey located for lakeside town of Katosi, for Ntenjeru subcounty, Mukono District, inside Buganda Region of Uganda. Katosi dey about {{convert|23.5|km|0}}, by road, south-east of Mukono town, wey be the district headquarters.<ref name="Two">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mukono/Katosi,+Bunakijja+Rd/@0.2263085,32.720376,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dfc05135cc4e9:0xf99cbaf9eaeacc70!2m2!1d32.7633036!2d0.2835476!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dedd35d893e8b:0x7af86f333c5a2d05!2m2!1d32.802338!2d0.1561795!3e0 |title=Distance Between Mukono And Katosi |access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref> This one be about {{convert|53|km|0}}, by road, south-east of Kampala, wey be capital city of Uganda.<ref name="Three">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kampala/Katosi,+Bunakijja+Rd/@0.2625272,32.5580349,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dbc0f9d74b39b:0x4538903dd96b6fec!2m2!1d32.5825197!2d0.3475964!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dedd35d893e8b:0x7af86f333c5a2d05!2m2!1d32.802338!2d0.1561795!3e0 |title=Distance Between Kampala And Katosi | access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref> The geographical coordinates of the water treatment plant na: 00°07'02.0"N, 32°46'37.0"E (Latitude:0.117222; Longitude:32.776944).<ref name="LatnlonR">{{google maps|title=Location of Katosi Water Works | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B007'02.0%22N+32%C2%B046'37.0%22E/@0.1172222,32.7769444,392m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.1172222!4d32.7769444 |access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref> ==Overview== As far back as 2011, Uganda government, through National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), start plan to build new water treatment facility for Katosi, to add to the ones for Ggaba (Ggaba I, II & III), so dem fit meet water demand of fast growing population of Kampala plus surrounding districts.<ref name="Four">{{cite web|date=17 April 2011 |url=https://www.water-technology.net/uncategorised/news116532-html/ |title=Uganda to Build $306m Water Treatment Plant in Katosi |access-date=26 April 2018 |publisher=Water-Technology.net | author=Water Technology}}</ref> ''GKW Consult GmbH'', together with ''Alliance Consultants Limited'', dem contract dem by NWSC to provide consulting service for design of the new Drinking Water Treatment Plant near Katosi. Tendering plus supervision of construction work dey under this same consulting contract.<ref name="Five">{{cite web|url=https://www.gkw-consult.com/en/news/news-message/article/new-major-water-supply-project-in-uganda/ |title=New Major Water Supply Project in Uganda |access-date=26 April 2018 |date=23 June 2016 |publisher=GKWConsult.com |location=Mannheim, Germany | author=GKW Consult}}</ref> The design also include pipeline wey go carry water go storage reservoir for Nsumba Hill, about {{convert|7|km|0}}, to the north-west.<ref name="7R">{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Katosi,+Bunakijja+Rd/Nsumba+Nursery+School/@0.1745599,32.7789181,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dedd35d893e8b:0x7af86f333c5a2d05!2m2!1d32.802338!2d0.1561795!1m5!1m1!1s0x177debf3e44afe97:0x18283652f33a8fc0!2m2!1d32.7910152!2d0.193365!3e0 |title=Travel Distance From Katosi To Nsumba Hill |access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref> When e finish, the plant go get initial capacity of {{convert|160000|m3|liters}} of water daily, wey fit later increase go {{convert|240000|m3|liters}} per day.<ref name="CapR">{{cite web |url=https://theugandan.com.ug/national-water-building-sh378-billion-treatment-plant-katosi/ |title=National Water building Sh378 billion treatment plant at Katosi |date=June 2018 |access-date=5 February 2019 |publisher=The Ugandan |location=Kampala |archive-date=7 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015401/https://theugandan.com.ug/national-water-building-sh378-billion-treatment-plant-katosi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The target na about 4.5 million people by 2025 and 7 million by 2040, wey go dey live for Kampala plus surrounding metro area.<ref name="Five"/> ==Ownership== The water treatment facility belong fully to National Water and Sewerage Corporation, wey be government parastatal company wey dey in charge of potable water plus sewerage services for whole country.<ref name="One"/> ==Construction== The construction of Katosi Water Treatment Plant be part of master plan wey dem call Kampala Water Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Project, wey dem develop for 2011. The project aim be to improve water supply plus sanitation for all the 2 million people wey dey Kampala at that time.<ref name="Seven">{{cite web | access-date=26 April 2018 | url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/blending/kampala-water-lake-victoria-water-and-sanitation-sector-watsan_en | last=European Commission | publisher=European Commission | date=21 July 2015 | title=Kampala Water - Lake Victoria Water And Sanitation Sector (WATSAN)}}</ref><ref name="EuroR">{{cite web|date=5 May 2011 | url=https://www.waterbriefing.org/home/finance-and-risk/item/4164-european-finance-to-transform-water-supply-in-uganda?font-size=smaller |title=European finance to transform water supply in Uganda |publisher=Waterbriefing.org |author=Water Briefing Organization |access-date=3 April 2019 |location=Bristol, United Kingdom}}</ref> As part of that program, wey also include upgrade of NWSC Ggaba Water Treatment Plant, dem plan build new {{convert|120000|m3|liter}} per day water treatment plant for Katosi, Mukono District, east of Kampala.<ref name="Four"/> Feasibility study dem BRL Ingenierie SA, IGIP and WE Consult carry am do. For June 2016, GKW Consult GmbH and Alliance Consultants Limited dem select as consulting engineers. Tenders for construction dem advertise for first quarter of 2017, and dem expect bid evaluation for May 2017.<ref name="TendR">{{cite web|title=Uganda, Kampala: EIB Package 4B: Katosi Drinking Water Treatment Plant and Nsumba Pumping Main and Reservoir | url=http://www.publictenders.net/node/3445379 |date=19 August 2016 |work=Publictenders.net |author=Anonymous |access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref> Dem give contract to consortium wey include Suez International of Egypt and Sogea-Satom of France. For June 2018, NWSC sign agreement with dem to design and build Katosi Water Works plus intake, storage and transmission infrastructure for contract price of €84 million (USh378 billion). Construction start January 2019 and dem expect finish am March 2021.<ref name="CapR"/><ref name="NewthR">{{cite web| date=9 January 2020 | url=https://chimpreports.com/nwsc-to-employ-new-technology-to-increase-water-safety-in-uganda/ |title=NWSC To Employ New Technology To Increase Water Safety In Uganda |access-date=10 January 2020 |work=ChimpReports |author=Sharon Kyatusiimire | place=Kampala}}</ref> As of May 2020, construction reach about 80 percent. Test pumping plan for last quarter of 2020, and commissioning expect for first quarter of 2021.<ref>{{cite web| date=13 May 2020 | url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Markets/Kampala-water-demand-outstrips-supply-NWSC/688606-5550568-obfgtf/index.html |title=Kampala Water Demand Outstrips Supply - NWSC |work=Daily Monitor |author=Ashita Chopra |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> ==Financing== The funding of Kampala Water Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Project (WATSAN) na as e dey inside table below:<ref name="Nine">{{cite web |title=Kampala Water Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Project (Uganda) | publisher=European Investment Bank |author=European Investment Bank | url=http://www.eib.org/products/blending/mri/kampala-water-lake-victoria-water-and-sanitation-project-uganda.htm |access-date=26 April 2018 | date=27 October 2016}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 0.5em auto" |+ Kampala Water Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Project Funding ! Rank !! Development Partner !! Contribution in Euros !! Percentage !! Notes |- | 1 || Government of Uganda || 34.0 million || 16.04 || Investment |- | 2 || KfW of Germany || 20.0 million || 9.44 || Grant |- | 3 || European Investment Bank || 75.0 million || 35.38 || Loan |- | 4 || French Development Agency || 75.0 million || 35.38 || Loan |- | 5 || European Union Infrastructure Trust Fund || 8.0 million || 3.77 || Grant |- | || '''Total''' || '''212.00 million''' || '''100.00''' || |- |} * Note: Totals are slightly off due to rounding. For February 2019, dem sign agreement between French Development Agency (AFD), wey Stéphanie Rivoal represent, plus Uganda government, wey Finance Minister Matia Kasaija represent, for 20-year USh630 billion (€150 million) loan, wey form part of EIB and AFD funding for this project.<ref name="LoanR">{{cite web|publisher=Afrik21 |date=6 February 2019 |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/uganda-afd-invests-e270-million-in-two-water-and-sanitation-projects/ |title=Uganda: AFD invests €270 million in two water and sanitation projects | access-date=31 March 2019 |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |location=Paris, France}}</ref><ref name="Loan1R">{{cite web| url=https://www.softpower.ug/govt-to-borrow-over-shs-1-trillion-for-water-sanitation-projects/ |title=Government To Borrow Over One Trillion For Water Sanitation Projects |publisher=SoftPower Uganda |author=SoftPower Reporter |date=6 November 2018 |access-date=31 March 2019 | location=Kampala}}</ref> ==Powering the plant== For August 2020, Umeme, wey be biggest electricity distribution company for Uganda, announce say dem dey build dedicated double circuit 33kV power line from their substation for Mbalala (not Mbarara), along Kampala–Jinja Highway, to give stable power supply to the water treatment plant. The power line expect to finish for December 2020.<ref name=XXR>{{cite web| url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Finance/Umeme-seeks-to-integrate-Mukono-power-network/688608-5604982-15af6arz/index.html |title=Umeme seeks to integrate Mukono power network |date=6 August 2020 |newspaper=Daily Monitor | author=Christine Kasemiire |access-date=29 August 2020 | place=Kampala}}</ref> ==Recent events== For April 2021, when construction nearly finish reach about 95 percent, contractors plus NWSC engineers start test electrical and mechanical systems of the plant. Dem test things like electrical control units, pressure gauges, intake and output pipes, landscaping and staff housing. Commissioning of the full system expect for last week of April 2021.<ref name="FinR">{{cite web|url=https://pumps-africa.com/uganda-begins-system-testing-on-katosi-water-treatment-plant-2/ |title=Uganda begins system testing on new Katosi water plant |publisher=Pumps-Africa.com |date=1 April 2021 |author=Martina, A. |access-date=4 April 2021 |location=Nairobi, Kenya}}</ref> For September 2021, Uganda Minister of Water and Environment, Sam Cheptoris, NWSC chairman Engineer Badru Kiggundu and NWSC CEO Doctor Silver Mugisha tour the completed plant. The infrastructure include purification plant for Katosi, storage reservoirs for Nsumba Hill and Sonde Hill in Mukono District, plus booster pump for Namugongo in Wakiso District. Total of {{convert|51|km|0}} water pipeline connect Katosi plant to Ntinda area for Kampala, where treated water join NWSC network for Metropolitan Kampala (Kampala City, Mukono District and Wakiso District).<ref name="CompR">{{cite web|work=Daily Monitor | url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/finance/nwsc-now-has-more-water-than-demanded-in-kampala-metro--3536444 |date=3 September 2021 |title=NWSC now has more water than demanded in Kampala Metro |author=Stephen Otage |access-date=3 September 2021 |place=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> ==See also== * Ministry of Water and Environment (Uganda) * Kinshasa Industrial Water Treatment Complex * Karenge Drinking Water Supply System ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * https://www.nwsc.co.ug/ Website of National Water & Sewerage Corporation * http://www.mwe.go.ug/ Website of Ministry of Water and Environment (Uganda) * https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1331920/nwsc-increase-water-supply NWSC to increase water supply by 50% As of 5 August 2015. * https://web.archive.org/web/20241127045317/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/uganda-katosi-drinking-water-plant-to-be-put-into-service-in-february-2021/ Uganda: Katosi drinking water plant to be put into service in February 2021 As of 18 August 2020. {{Authority control}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Uganda]] [[Category:Mukono District]] [[Category:Water resources management]] [[Category:Central Region, Uganda]] [[Category:2021 establishments in Uganda]] ap0hl6u48zil3m8kwjg3mz9yjmpslcc 0 27971 106482 106090 2026-07-09T23:42:53Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 106482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nduruma River''' (French: ''Rivière Nduruma'') be a river insyd de northeast of Kirundo Province, Burundi, a tributary of Lake Kanzigiri.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Linke |first=Simon |last2=Lehner |first2=Bernhard |last3=Ouellet Dallaire |first3=Camille |last4=Ariwi |first4=Joseph |last5=Grill |first5=Günther |last6=Anand |first6=Mira |last7=Beames |first7=Penny |last8=Burchard-Levine |first8=Vicente |last9=Maxwell |first9=Sally |last10=Moidu |first10=Hana |last11=Tan |first11=Florence |last12=Thieme |first12=Michele |date=2019-12-09 |title=Global hydro-environmental sub-basin and river reach characteristics at high spatial resolution |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-019-0300-6 |journal=Scientific Data |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=283 |doi=10.1038/s41597-019-0300-6 |issn=2052-4463 |pmc=6901482 |pmid=31819059}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Luling |last2=Cao |first2=Xin |last3=Li |first3=Shijie |last4=Jie |first4=Na |date=2024-01-24 |title=A 31-year (1990–2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-024-02913-0 |journal=Scientific Data |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=124 |doi=10.1038/s41597-024-02913-0 |issn=2052-4463}}</ref> == Course == De Nduruma River dey form to de north of Tongo colline insyd de Commune of Gitobe, wer de Mukabagabaga River den Ntimba River converge. E dey flow northeast past Gitobe, parallel to de RP62 highway.{{sfn|Kirundo USDMA}} De lower part of de Nduruma River dey form de boundary between de Commune of Gitobe den Commune of Busoni.{{sfn|Way: Nduruma (224724040)}} Insyd ein lower marshes, between de Shore den Buringa collines, de river dey take de name '''Kanzigiri River''', wich dey converge plus de Gacucu River marshes den dey feed de south end of Lake Kanzigiri.{{sfn|Rugari USDMA}}{{sfn|Lac Rweru USDMA}} == References == <references /> == Sources == * {{citation |title=Investment opportunities in renewable energy Burundi |date=October 2012 |page=14 |url=https://proreds.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Investment-opportunities-in-renewable-energy-Burundi.pdf |publisher=Minister for Energy and Mines |ref={{harvid|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} |accessdate=2024-08-31}} * {{citation |author=U.S. Defense Mapping Agency |title=Kirundo |year=1994 |url=https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/topo/burundi/kirundo-burundi-50k-4875iv-1981.pdf |publisher=University of Texas at Austin |ref={{harvid|Kirundo USDMA}} |accessdate=2024-09-03}} * {{citation |author=U.S. Defense Mapping Agency |title=Lac Rweru |year=1994 |url=https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/topo/burundi/txu-pclmaps-oclc-55852889-4876-2.jpg |publisher=University of Texas at Austin |ref={{harvid|Lac Rweru USDMA}} |accessdate=2024-09-03}} * {{citation |author=U.S. Defense Mapping Agency |title=Rugari |year=1994 |url=https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/topo/burundi/rugari-burundi-50k-4875i-1981.pdf |publisher=University of Texas at Austin |ref={{harvid|Rugari USDMA}} |accessdate=2024-09-03}} * {{citation |title=Way: Nduruma (224724040) |work=OpenStreetMap |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/224724040#map=12/-2.5830/30.2570 |ref={{harvid|Way: Nduruma (224724040)}} |accessdate=2024-09-03}} [[Category:Marshes of Kirundo Province]] [[Category:Rivers of Burundi]] hdsiv6phtw1zq648r0nsaar5xg46zfi 0 27974 106484 106098 2026-07-10T00:09:16Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 106484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Ulanga River''', dem sanso know as de '''Kilombero River''', dey rise insyd de highlands of de southwest of Morogoro Region, [[Tanzania]], on de eastern slope of de East African Rift. De river dey flow northeast along de northeastern border of de Lindi Region before e dey flow into de [[Rufiji River]]. De Rufiji eventually dey flow into de Indian Ocean on de southern coast of de Pwani Region. == Geology == De Ulanga Valley be an intact natural wetland ecosystem wey dey comprise myriad rivers, wich dey make up de largest seasonally freshwater lowland floodplain insyd East Africa. De Ulanga River dey supply two thirds of de Rufiji waters.<ref name="Ramsar2">{{cite journal |date=2002-06-19 |title=Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands |url=http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1TZ003ena.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Wetlands International |location=Dar es Salaam |publisher=United Republic of Tanzania, Director of Wildlife, Wildlife Division, Ministry of Natural resources and Tourism |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622014353/http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1TZ003ena.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-22 |access-date=2010-05-15}}</ref> == History == Dey start insyd 1885, Karl Peters begin dey claim areas of East Africa give [[Germany]]. De Tanganyikan coast prove relatively easy, buh conquest of de inland areas of de colony—right up to de [[Belgian Congo]]—na e be more difficult as large parts still be unexplored. For dis reason, Governor Gustav Adolf von Götzen lead an expedition to claim dese hinterlands. He take plus am Georg von Prittwitz den Hermann Kersting.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gustav Adolf von Götzen |url=https://archive.org/details/durchafrikavono00gtgoog |title=Durch Afrika von Ost nach West |publisher=D. Reimer |year=1895 |location=Berlin |page=[https://archive.org/details/durchafrikavono00gtgoog/page/n108 1] |quote=Gustav Adolf von Götzen.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Deutsch-Ostafrika im Aufstand 1905/06 |year=1909 |location=Berlin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reinhart Bindseil |title=Ruanda im Lebensbild des Offiziers, Afrikaforschers und Kaiserlichen Gouverneurs Gustav Adolf Graf von Götzen (1866—1910). Mit einem Abriss über die zeitgenössischen Forschungsreisenden Franz Stuhlmann, Oscar Baumann, Richard Kandt, Adolf Friedrich Herzog zu Mecklenburg und Hans Meyer |year=1992 |isbn=3-496-00427-4 |location=Berlin}}</ref> == Political den economic == [[File:Tanzania_Regions.png|right|thumb|204x204px|Regions of Tanzania]] De Ulanga River dey form de boundary between de Ulanga District den Kilombero District of de Morogoro Region insyd de southeast of [[Tanzania]]. De majority of de villagers insyd de Ulanga Valley be subsistence farmers of maize den rice, though chaw dey make a living fishing. Der be large plantations of teak wood insyd de Ulanga valley. Insyd de north-west of de district, Illovo Sugar Company ein sugar-cane plantations dey occupy chaw of de lowlying area.<ref>Corti, Graham, Fanning, Eibleis, Hinde, Roy, and Jenkins, Richard, 1999.</ref><ref>Hinde, R., Corti, G., Fanning, E., & Jenkins, R., 1999a, A conservation assessment of large mammal use of miombo woodland, evergreen forest and a teak plantation in the Ulanga Valley, Tanzania, Frontier Tanzania Savanna Research Programme, Technical Report No. 2.</ref><ref>Jenkins R., Roettcher, K, Corti, G & Fanning, E, 2000a, Large mammals and teak plantations in the Ulanga Valley, Annual Report, unpublished, Frontier Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</ref> == Wildlife == De Ulanga Valley be characterized by ein large populations of large mammals such as de buffalo, elephant, hippopotamus, lion, den puku. De majority of de world population of puku antelopes dey live insyd de Ulanga Valley. De valley be home to one of de largest populations of Nile crocodile insyd Africa wey e be an important breeding ground give bird species such as de African openbill, white-headed lapwing, den de African skimmer. De valley be home to a number of species dem find der per, such as de Udzungwa red colobus monkey den three species of birds, de Ulanga weaver den two undescribed species of cisticolas.<ref name="Ramsar2" /><ref name="Games">Games I., & Severre E. L. M., 1999, Tanzanian crocodile survey, October 1999, A report to the Director of Wildlife, Tanzania</ref><ref name="Dinesen">Dinesen, L., Lehmberg, T., Rahner, M. & Fjeldsa, J. 2001.</ref><ref name="Stattersfield">Stattersfield, A. J., Crowby, M.J., long, A. J., Wege, D. C. 1998.</ref><ref name="Baker1996">Baker, N. 1996.</ref><ref name="Jenkins2000b">Jenkins, R, Roettcher, K, Corti, G & Fanning, E, 2000b, The Ulanga River Fishery, Annual Report, unpublished, Frontier Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</ref><ref name="Rainey">Rainey, H., Birnie, N., Cameron, A., Mwangomo, E., Starkey, M. 2000.</ref> == Cultural references == [[File:KuhnertGalleryofTrees.jpg|thumb|''The Gallery of Trees Ulanga River'', painting by Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert (1898)]] De eponymous boat insyd C.S. Forester ein novel ''The African Queen'' (1935) den ein subsequent film adaptation (1951) be a steam-powered launch, wey a Belgian mining corporation own, wey plied de upper reaches of de Ulanga River. De German animal painter Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert depict de river insyd ein 1898 painting ''The Gallery of Trees Ulanga River''. == References == <references /> == External links == o3qhdijr3cpcuggnk11hyp9t7kc2fl4 106485 106484 2026-07-10T00:11:06Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 106485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Ulanga River''', dem sanso know as de '''Kilombero River''', dey rise insyd de highlands of de southwest of Morogoro Region, [[Tanzania]], on de eastern slope of de East African Rift. De river dey flow northeast along de northeastern border of de Lindi Region before e dey flow into de [[Rufiji River]]. De Rufiji eventually dey flow into de Indian Ocean on de southern coast of de Pwani Region. == Geology == De Ulanga Valley be an intact natural wetland ecosystem wey dey comprise myriad rivers, wich dey make up de largest seasonally freshwater lowland floodplain insyd East Africa. De Ulanga River dey supply two thirds of de Rufiji waters.<ref name="Ramsar2">{{cite journal |date=2002-06-19 |title=Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands |url=http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1TZ003ena.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Wetlands International |location=Dar es Salaam |publisher=United Republic of Tanzania, Director of Wildlife, Wildlife Division, Ministry of Natural resources and Tourism |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622014353/http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1TZ003ena.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-22 |access-date=2010-05-15}}</ref> == History == Dey start insyd 1885, Karl Peters begin dey claim areas of East Africa give [[Germany]]. De Tanganyikan coast prove relatively easy, buh conquest of de inland areas of de colony—right up to de [[Belgian Congo]]—na e be more difficult as large parts still be unexplored. For dis reason, Governor Gustav Adolf von Götzen lead an expedition to claim dese hinterlands. He take plus am Georg von Prittwitz den Hermann Kersting.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gustav Adolf von Götzen |url=https://archive.org/details/durchafrikavono00gtgoog |title=Durch Afrika von Ost nach West |publisher=D. Reimer |year=1895 |location=Berlin |page=[https://archive.org/details/durchafrikavono00gtgoog/page/n108 1] |quote=Gustav Adolf von Götzen.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Deutsch-Ostafrika im Aufstand 1905/06 |year=1909 |location=Berlin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reinhart Bindseil |title=Ruanda im Lebensbild des Offiziers, Afrikaforschers und Kaiserlichen Gouverneurs Gustav Adolf Graf von Götzen (1866—1910). Mit einem Abriss über die zeitgenössischen Forschungsreisenden Franz Stuhlmann, Oscar Baumann, Richard Kandt, Adolf Friedrich Herzog zu Mecklenburg und Hans Meyer |year=1992 |isbn=3-496-00427-4 |location=Berlin}}</ref> == Political den economic == [[File:Tanzania_Regions.png|right|thumb|204x204px|Regions of Tanzania]] De Ulanga River dey form de boundary between de Ulanga District den Kilombero District of de Morogoro Region insyd de southeast of [[Tanzania]]. De majority of de villagers insyd de Ulanga Valley be subsistence farmers of maize den rice, though chaw dey make a living fishing. Der be large plantations of teak wood insyd de Ulanga valley. Insyd de north-west of de district, Illovo Sugar Company ein sugar-cane plantations dey occupy chaw of de lowlying area.<ref>Corti, Graham, Fanning, Eibleis, Hinde, Roy, and Jenkins, Richard, 1999.</ref><ref>Hinde, R., Corti, G., Fanning, E., & Jenkins, R., 1999a, A conservation assessment of large mammal use of miombo woodland, evergreen forest and a teak plantation in the Ulanga Valley, Tanzania, Frontier Tanzania Savanna Research Programme, Technical Report No. 2.</ref><ref>Jenkins R., Roettcher, K, Corti, G & Fanning, E, 2000a, Large mammals and teak plantations in the Ulanga Valley, Annual Report, unpublished, Frontier Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</ref> == Wildlife == De Ulanga Valley be characterized by ein large populations of large mammals such as de buffalo, elephant, hippopotamus, lion, den puku. De majority of de world population of puku antelopes dey live insyd de Ulanga Valley. De valley be home to one of de largest populations of Nile crocodile insyd Africa wey e be an important breeding ground give bird species such as de African openbill, white-headed lapwing, den de African skimmer. De valley be home to a number of species dem find der per, such as de Udzungwa red colobus monkey den three species of birds, de Ulanga weaver den two undescribed species of cisticolas.<ref name="Ramsar2" /><ref name="Games">Games I., & Severre E. L. M., 1999, Tanzanian crocodile survey, October 1999, A report to the Director of Wildlife, Tanzania</ref><ref name="Dinesen">Dinesen, L., Lehmberg, T., Rahner, M. & Fjeldsa, J. 2001.</ref><ref name="Stattersfield">Stattersfield, A. J., Crowby, M.J., long, A. J., Wege, D. C. 1998.</ref><ref name="Baker1996">Baker, N. 1996.</ref><ref name="Jenkins2000b">Jenkins, R, Roettcher, K, Corti, G & Fanning, E, 2000b, The Ulanga River Fishery, Annual Report, unpublished, Frontier Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</ref><ref name="Rainey">Rainey, H., Birnie, N., Cameron, A., Mwangomo, E., Starkey, M. 2000.</ref> == Cultural references == [[File:KuhnertGalleryofTrees.jpg|thumb|''The Gallery of Trees Ulanga River'', painting by Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert (1898)]] De eponymous boat insyd C.S. Forester ein novel ''The African Queen'' (1935) den ein subsequent film adaptation (1951) be a steam-powered launch, wey a Belgian mining corporation own, wey plied de upper reaches of de Ulanga River. De German animal painter Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert depict de river insyd ein 1898 painting ''The Gallery of Trees Ulanga River''. == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:Rivers of Tanzania]] [[Category:Ramsar sites insyd Tanzania]] [[Category:Zambezian flooded grasslands]] fcyoei10ek00flbc5tsmf5uaqzvttzy 0 27977 106486 106103 2026-07-10T00:15:06Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 106486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Great Ruaha River''' be a river insyd south-central [[Tanzania]] wey dey flow thru de Usangu wetlands den de Ruaha National Park east into de [[Rufiji River]]. E dey traverse den dey mark de borders between Iringa Region, Dodoma Region den Morogoro Region. De Great Ruaha river get a basin catchment area of 83,970 square kilometres (32,421 sq mi).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arvidson, Anders |display-authors=etal |date=May 2009 |title=Initial Assessment of Socioeconomic and Environmental Risks and Opportunities of Large‐scale Biofuels Production in the Rufiji District |url=http://www.tabef.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Risk-Assessment-of-SEKABscluster-approach-in-Rufiji-District-2805091.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910175844/http://www.tabef.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Risk-Assessment-of-SEKABscluster-approach-in-Rufiji-District-2805091.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-10 |access-date=2012-09-10 |publisher=SEKAB BioEnergy (T) Ltd |page=23}}</ref> De population of de basin mainly be sustained by [[irrigation]] den water-related livelihoods such as fishing den livestock keeping. == Size == Great Ruaha be about 475 kilometres (295 mi) long, ein tributary basin get a catchment area of 68,000 square kilometres (26,000 sq mi) den de mean annual discharge be 140 cubic metres (4,900 cu ft) per second. De Great Ruaha River dey supply 22 percent of de total flow of de Rufiji catchment system. Thirty-eight species of fish be identified insyd de Great Ruaha River. De river ein headwaters be insyd de Kipengere Range insyd west Njombe Region. From der de Great Ruaha River dey descend to de Usangu plains, an important region give irrigated agriculture den livestock insyd Tanzania. De river eventually dey reach de Mtera Dam den then dey flow south to de Kidatu Dam. Dese two dey generate about 50 percent of Tanzania ein electricity. De river dey continue southwards den dey flow across de Selous Game Reserve before reaching de Rufiji River. De major rivers wey dey contribute to de Great Ruaha River be Lukosi, Yovi, Kitete, Sanje, Little Ruaha, Kisigo, Mbarali, Kimani, den Chimala whereas de small ones dey include Umrobo, Mkoji, Lunwa, Mlomboji, Ipatagwa, Mambi, den Mswiswi rivers. == Issues == Decreased flows insyd de Great Ruaha be recorded since de early 1990s,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Country Environmental Assessment: Managing Natural Resources More Effectively Can Get the Country’s Rivers Flowing Again |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tanzania/publication/tanzania-country-environmental-assessment-managing-natural-resources-more-effectively-can-get-the-countrys-rivers-flowing-again |access-date=2021-08-06 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> wey dey result in complete drying of sections of de river insyd 1993 den insyd dry years since (''illustration above''). Dis be attributed to uncontrolled den poor water management, plus de large rice irrigation schemes dey play a major role. [[File:Ruaha_National_Park_Panorama.jpg|center|thumb|800x800px|Panorama of Ruaha National Park, plus a view on de Great Ruaha River on 27 July 2003.]] == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070315222137/http://www.wwf.org.uk/filelibrary/pdf/ruaha.pdf WWF.org - The Ruaha Water Programme] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061009072642/http://www.adventurecamps.co.tz/ruahainfo.htm Ruaha information with images] * [http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ad793b/AD793B03.htm FAO review] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070611163657/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/africa/files/riparwin/05/_downloads/Fact-Factsheet_EcoHyd_GRR.doc FAO - fact sheet on the ecohydrology of the Great Ruaha River (2003)] * Öhman, May-Britt, [http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:12267 Taming Exotic Beauties: Swedish Hydro Power Constructions in Tanzania in the Era of Development Assistance], 1960s - 1990s, Stockholm, 2007, PhD Thesis, {{Authority control}} [[Category:Great Ruaha River| ]] [[Category:Rivers of Tanzania]] [[Category:Rufiji River]] 0bgsmvin6jv5qhstlmni6siml5qksj4 14 28118 106455 2026-07-09T17:11:25Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106455 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28119 106458 2026-07-09T17:37:04Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106458 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28120 106462 2026-07-09T17:54:37Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106462 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28121 106463 2026-07-09T17:54:47Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106463 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28122 106464 2026-07-09T17:55:02Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106464 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28123 106469 2026-07-09T18:06:21Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106469 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28124 106470 2026-07-09T18:06:32Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106470 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28125 106479 2026-07-09T23:21:02Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106479 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28126 106480 2026-07-09T23:23:30Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106480 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28127 106481 2026-07-09T23:26:03Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106481 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28128 106483 2026-07-09T23:44:44Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106483 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 28129 106487 2026-07-10T00:15:29Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 106487 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1