Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 31184 115449 2026-10-31T12:10:54Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376096616|Chlorhexidine]]" 115449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chlorhexidine'''<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Varoni E, Tarce M, Lodi G, Carrassi A |date=September 2012 |title=Chlorhexidine (CHX) in dentistry: state of the art |journal=Minerva Stomatologica |volume=61 |issue=9 |pages=399–419 |pmid=22976567}}</ref> be a disinfectant den antiseptic wich be used for skin disinfection before surgery den to disinfect surgical instruments.<ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book |title=WHO Model Formulary 2008 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-92-4-154765-9 |veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR |pages=321–22 |hdl=10665/44053}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Alqarni H, Jamleh A, Chamber MS |date=2022-10-03 |title=Chlorhexidine as a Disinfectant in the Prosthodontic Practice: A Comprehensive Review |journal=Cureus |volume=14 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.30566 |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=9676089 |pmid=36415428 |doi-access=free |article-number=e30566}}</ref> E sanso be used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of de mouth, den to keep urinary catheters from blocking.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book |title=British national formulary: BNF 69 |date=2015 |publisher=British Medical Association |isbn=978-0-85711-156-2 |edition=69 |pages=568, 791, 839}}</ref> E be used as a liquid anaa a powder.<ref name="WHO2008" /><ref name="BNF69" /> E commonly be used insyd salt form, either de gluconate<ref name="PubChem CG">{{Cite web |title=Chlorhexidine Gluconate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorhexidine-Gluconate |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=PubChem}}</ref> anaa de acetate.<ref name="PubChem CA">{{Cite web |title=Chlorhexidine Acetate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorhexidine-Acetate |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=PubChem}}</ref> [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] m5grkhulddqgux9wpdor78pr7megea8 115450 115449 2026-10-31T12:21:20Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chlorhexidine'''<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Varoni E, Tarce M, Lodi G, Carrassi A |date=September 2012 |title=Chlorhexidine (CHX) in dentistry: state of the art |journal=Minerva Stomatologica |volume=61 |issue=9 |pages=399–419 |pmid=22976567}}</ref> be a disinfectant den antiseptic wich be used for skin disinfection before surgery den to disinfect surgical instruments.<ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book |title=WHO Model Formulary 2008 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-92-4-154765-9 |veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR |pages=321–22 |hdl=10665/44053}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Alqarni H, Jamleh A, Chamber MS |date=2022-10-03 |title=Chlorhexidine as a Disinfectant in the Prosthodontic Practice: A Comprehensive Review |journal=Cureus |volume=14 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.30566 |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=9676089 |pmid=36415428 |doi-access=free |article-number=e30566}}</ref> E sanso be used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of de mouth, den to keep urinary catheters from blocking.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book |title=British national formulary: BNF 69 |date=2015 |publisher=British Medical Association |isbn=978-0-85711-156-2 |edition=69 |pages=568, 791, 839}}</ref> E be used as a liquid anaa a powder.<ref name="WHO2008" /><ref name="BNF69" /> E commonly be used insyd salt form, either de gluconate<ref name="PubChem CG">{{Cite web |title=Chlorhexidine Gluconate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorhexidine-Gluconate |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=PubChem}}</ref> anaa de acetate.<ref name="PubChem CA">{{Cite web |title=Chlorhexidine Acetate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorhexidine-Acetate |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=PubChem}}</ref> Side effects fi include skin irritation, [[Human tooth|tooth]] discoloration, den [[allergic reactions]],<ref name="BNF69">{{cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=978-0-85711-156-2|pages=568, 791, 839|edition=69}}</ref> although, apart from discoloration, de risk dey appear to be de same as that for [[povidone-iodine]].<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wade RG, Bourke G, Wormald JC, Totty JP, Stanley GH, Lewandowski A, Rakhra SS, Gardiner MD | title = Chlorhexidine versus povidone-iodine skin antisepsis before upper limb surgery (CIPHUR): an international multicentre prospective cohort study | journal = BJS Open | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | article-number = zrab117 | date = November 2021 | pmid = 34915557 | pmc = 8677347 | doi = 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab117 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wade RG, Burr NE, McCauley G, Bourke G, Efthimiou O | title = The Comparative Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidone-iodine Antiseptics for the Prevention of Infection in Clean Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis | journal = Annals of Surgery | volume = 274 | issue = 6 | pages = e481–e488 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 32773627 | doi = 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004076 | s2cid = 225289226 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Chlorhexidine rinse sanso be known to have a bitter metallic aftertaste. Rinsing plus water no be recommended as e be known to increase de bitterness.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chlorhexidine (Oral Route) Precautions |website=Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/chlorhexidine-oral-route/precautions/drg-20068551 |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> E fi cause eye problems if direct contact occur.<ref name=AHFS2017>{{cite web|title=Chlorhexidine Gluconate topical|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/chlorhexidine-gluconate-topical.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113023435/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/chlorhexidine-gluconate-topical.html|archive-date=13 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tabor E, Bostwick DC, Evans CC | title = Corneal damage due to eye contact with chlorhexidine gluconate | journal = JAMA | volume = 261 | issue = 4 | pages = 557–558 | date = January 1989 | pmid = 2909794 | doi = 10.1001/jama.1989.03420040091021 }}</ref> Ein use insyd [[pregnancy]] dey appear to be safe.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ |title=Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk|date=2011|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-1-60831-708-0|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA252|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113121448/https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA252|archive-date=13 January 2017}}</ref> Chlorhexidine fi cam mixed insyd [[ethanol|alcohol]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Swab- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=db61e7fd-c421-4e3c-bc88-0343230273de | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030815/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=db61e7fd-c421-4e3c-bc88-0343230273de | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Swab- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ff999b50-0b6b-404e-b4f1-c6694fe47a9b | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030813/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ff999b50-0b6b-404e-b4f1-c6694fe47a9b | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Maxi Swabstick- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=93ca3c07-40b4-3a91-e053-2995a90a0afd | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030820/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=93ca3c07-40b4-3a91-e053-2995a90a0afd | url-status=live }}</ref> water, anaa [[surfactant solution]].<ref name=BNF69/> E be effective against a range of [[microorganisms]], buh no dey inactivate [[spores]].<ref name=WHO2008/> == References == <references /> == External links == npsf9km8r1fbc7jefm37osmjuxigcv3 115451 115450 2026-10-31T12:23:51Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chlorhexidine'''<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Varoni E, Tarce M, Lodi G, Carrassi A |date=September 2012 |title=Chlorhexidine (CHX) in dentistry: state of the art |journal=Minerva Stomatologica |volume=61 |issue=9 |pages=399–419 |pmid=22976567}}</ref> be a disinfectant den antiseptic wich be used for skin disinfection before surgery den to disinfect surgical instruments.<ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book |title=WHO Model Formulary 2008 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-92-4-154765-9 |veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR |pages=321–22 |hdl=10665/44053}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Alqarni H, Jamleh A, Chamber MS |date=2022-10-03 |title=Chlorhexidine as a Disinfectant in the Prosthodontic Practice: A Comprehensive Review |journal=Cureus |volume=14 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.30566 |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=9676089 |pmid=36415428 |doi-access=free |article-number=e30566}}</ref> E sanso be used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of de mouth, den to keep urinary catheters from blocking.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book |title=British national formulary: BNF 69 |date=2015 |publisher=British Medical Association |isbn=978-0-85711-156-2 |edition=69 |pages=568, 791, 839}}</ref> E be used as a liquid anaa a powder.<ref name="WHO2008" /><ref name="BNF69" /> E commonly be used insyd salt form, either de gluconate<ref name="PubChem CG">{{Cite web |title=Chlorhexidine Gluconate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorhexidine-Gluconate |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=PubChem}}</ref> anaa de acetate.<ref name="PubChem CA">{{Cite web |title=Chlorhexidine Acetate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorhexidine-Acetate |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=PubChem}}</ref> Side effects fi include skin irritation, [[Human tooth|tooth]] discoloration, den [[allergic reactions]],<ref name="BNF69">{{cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=978-0-85711-156-2|pages=568, 791, 839|edition=69}}</ref> although, apart from discoloration, de risk dey appear to be de same as that for [[povidone-iodine]].<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wade RG, Bourke G, Wormald JC, Totty JP, Stanley GH, Lewandowski A, Rakhra SS, Gardiner MD | title = Chlorhexidine versus povidone-iodine skin antisepsis before upper limb surgery (CIPHUR): an international multicentre prospective cohort study | journal = BJS Open | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | article-number = zrab117 | date = November 2021 | pmid = 34915557 | pmc = 8677347 | doi = 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab117 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wade RG, Burr NE, McCauley G, Bourke G, Efthimiou O | title = The Comparative Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidone-iodine Antiseptics for the Prevention of Infection in Clean Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis | journal = Annals of Surgery | volume = 274 | issue = 6 | pages = e481–e488 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 32773627 | doi = 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004076 | s2cid = 225289226 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Chlorhexidine rinse sanso be known to have a bitter metallic aftertaste. Rinsing plus water no be recommended as e be known to increase de bitterness.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chlorhexidine (Oral Route) Precautions |website=Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/chlorhexidine-oral-route/precautions/drg-20068551 |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> E fi cause eye problems if direct contact occur.<ref name=AHFS2017>{{cite web|title=Chlorhexidine Gluconate topical|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/chlorhexidine-gluconate-topical.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113023435/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/chlorhexidine-gluconate-topical.html|archive-date=13 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tabor E, Bostwick DC, Evans CC | title = Corneal damage due to eye contact with chlorhexidine gluconate | journal = JAMA | volume = 261 | issue = 4 | pages = 557–558 | date = January 1989 | pmid = 2909794 | doi = 10.1001/jama.1989.03420040091021 }}</ref> Ein use insyd [[pregnancy]] dey appear to be safe.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ |title=Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk|date=2011|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-1-60831-708-0|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA252|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113121448/https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA252|archive-date=13 January 2017}}</ref> Chlorhexidine fi cam mixed insyd [[ethanol|alcohol]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Swab- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=db61e7fd-c421-4e3c-bc88-0343230273de | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030815/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=db61e7fd-c421-4e3c-bc88-0343230273de | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Swab- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ff999b50-0b6b-404e-b4f1-c6694fe47a9b | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030813/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ff999b50-0b6b-404e-b4f1-c6694fe47a9b | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Maxi Swabstick- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=93ca3c07-40b4-3a91-e053-2995a90a0afd | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030820/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=93ca3c07-40b4-3a91-e053-2995a90a0afd | url-status=live }}</ref> water, anaa [[surfactant solution]].<ref name=BNF69/> E be effective against a range of [[microorganisms]], buh no dey inactivate [[spores]].<ref name=WHO2008/> Chlorhexidine cam into medical use insyd de 1950s<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Schmalz G, Bindslev DA |title=Biocompatibility of Dental Materials|date=2008|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-77782-3|page=351|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrreTHuo54wC&pg=PA351|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113080904/https://books.google.ca/books?id=mrreTHuo54wC&pg=PA351|archive-date=13 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-06 |title=FDA & OTC Antiseptics |url=https://www.contractpharma.com/fda-otc-antiseptics/ |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=Contract Pharma |language=en-US}}</ref> wey be available [[over the counter]] insyd de [[United States]].<ref name=AHFS2017 /> E be on de [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free |author = <!--none given-->}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na e be de 270th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 900,000 prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=17 August 2025 | archive-date=17 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817043812/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Chlorhexidine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Chlorhexidine | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == 7eopo0fjnaf6gurgkdjnz3ylrgfphq5 115452 115451 2026-10-31T12:26:33Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chlorhexidine'''<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Varoni E, Tarce M, Lodi G, Carrassi A |date=September 2012 |title=Chlorhexidine (CHX) in dentistry: state of the art |journal=Minerva Stomatologica |volume=61 |issue=9 |pages=399–419 |pmid=22976567}}</ref> be a disinfectant den antiseptic wich be used for skin disinfection before surgery den to disinfect surgical instruments.<ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book |title=WHO Model Formulary 2008 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-92-4-154765-9 |veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR |pages=321–22 |hdl=10665/44053}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Alqarni H, Jamleh A, Chamber MS |date=2022-10-03 |title=Chlorhexidine as a Disinfectant in the Prosthodontic Practice: A Comprehensive Review |journal=Cureus |volume=14 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.30566 |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=9676089 |pmid=36415428 |doi-access=free |article-number=e30566}}</ref> E sanso be used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of de mouth, den to keep urinary catheters from blocking.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book |title=British national formulary: BNF 69 |date=2015 |publisher=British Medical Association |isbn=978-0-85711-156-2 |edition=69 |pages=568, 791, 839}}</ref> E be used as a liquid anaa a powder.<ref name="WHO2008" /><ref name="BNF69" /> E commonly be used insyd salt form, either de gluconate<ref name="PubChem CG">{{Cite web |title=Chlorhexidine Gluconate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorhexidine-Gluconate |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=PubChem}}</ref> anaa de acetate.<ref name="PubChem CA">{{Cite web |title=Chlorhexidine Acetate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorhexidine-Acetate |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=PubChem}}</ref> Side effects fi include skin irritation, [[Human tooth|tooth]] discoloration, den [[allergic reactions]],<ref name="BNF69">{{cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=978-0-85711-156-2|pages=568, 791, 839|edition=69}}</ref> although, apart from discoloration, de risk dey appear to be de same as that for [[povidone-iodine]].<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wade RG, Bourke G, Wormald JC, Totty JP, Stanley GH, Lewandowski A, Rakhra SS, Gardiner MD | title = Chlorhexidine versus povidone-iodine skin antisepsis before upper limb surgery (CIPHUR): an international multicentre prospective cohort study | journal = BJS Open | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | article-number = zrab117 | date = November 2021 | pmid = 34915557 | pmc = 8677347 | doi = 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab117 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wade RG, Burr NE, McCauley G, Bourke G, Efthimiou O | title = The Comparative Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidone-iodine Antiseptics for the Prevention of Infection in Clean Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis | journal = Annals of Surgery | volume = 274 | issue = 6 | pages = e481–e488 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 32773627 | doi = 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004076 | s2cid = 225289226 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Chlorhexidine rinse sanso be known to have a bitter metallic aftertaste. Rinsing plus water no be recommended as e be known to increase de bitterness.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chlorhexidine (Oral Route) Precautions |website=Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/chlorhexidine-oral-route/precautions/drg-20068551 |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> E fi cause eye problems if direct contact occur.<ref name=AHFS2017>{{cite web|title=Chlorhexidine Gluconate topical|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/chlorhexidine-gluconate-topical.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113023435/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/chlorhexidine-gluconate-topical.html|archive-date=13 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tabor E, Bostwick DC, Evans CC | title = Corneal damage due to eye contact with chlorhexidine gluconate | journal = JAMA | volume = 261 | issue = 4 | pages = 557–558 | date = January 1989 | pmid = 2909794 | doi = 10.1001/jama.1989.03420040091021 }}</ref> Ein use insyd [[pregnancy]] dey appear to be safe.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ |title=Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk|date=2011|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-1-60831-708-0|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA252|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113121448/https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA252|archive-date=13 January 2017}}</ref> Chlorhexidine fi cam mixed insyd [[ethanol|alcohol]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Swab- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=db61e7fd-c421-4e3c-bc88-0343230273de | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030815/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=db61e7fd-c421-4e3c-bc88-0343230273de | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Swab- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ff999b50-0b6b-404e-b4f1-c6694fe47a9b | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030813/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ff999b50-0b6b-404e-b4f1-c6694fe47a9b | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Maxi Swabstick- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=93ca3c07-40b4-3a91-e053-2995a90a0afd | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030820/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=93ca3c07-40b4-3a91-e053-2995a90a0afd | url-status=live }}</ref> water, anaa [[surfactant solution]].<ref name=BNF69/> E be effective against a range of [[microorganisms]], buh no dey inactivate [[spores]].<ref name=WHO2008/> Chlorhexidine cam into medical use insyd de 1950s<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Schmalz G, Bindslev DA |title=Biocompatibility of Dental Materials|date=2008|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-77782-3|page=351|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrreTHuo54wC&pg=PA351|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113080904/https://books.google.ca/books?id=mrreTHuo54wC&pg=PA351|archive-date=13 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-06 |title=FDA & OTC Antiseptics |url=https://www.contractpharma.com/fda-otc-antiseptics/ |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=Contract Pharma |language=en-US}}</ref> wey be available [[over the counter]] insyd de [[United States]].<ref name=AHFS2017 /> E be on de [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free |author = <!--none given-->}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na e be de 270th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 900,000 prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=17 August 2025 | archive-date=17 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817043812/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Chlorhexidine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Chlorhexidine | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:Antiseptics]] [[Category:Biguanides]] [[Category:4-Chlorophenyl compounds]] [[Category:Disinfectants]] [[Category:Oral hygiene]] [[Category:Otologicals]] [[Category:Over-the-counter drugs insyd de United States]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] 3zjftr98hu9eh0ixsuu9v1w8yi5dbny 115453 115452 2026-10-31T12:27:25Z DaSupremo 9 added [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 115453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chlorhexidine'''<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Varoni E, Tarce M, Lodi G, Carrassi A |date=September 2012 |title=Chlorhexidine (CHX) in dentistry: state of the art |journal=Minerva Stomatologica |volume=61 |issue=9 |pages=399–419 |pmid=22976567}}</ref> be a disinfectant den antiseptic wich be used for skin disinfection before surgery den to disinfect surgical instruments.<ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book |title=WHO Model Formulary 2008 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-92-4-154765-9 |veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR |pages=321–22 |hdl=10665/44053}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Alqarni H, Jamleh A, Chamber MS |date=2022-10-03 |title=Chlorhexidine as a Disinfectant in the Prosthodontic Practice: A Comprehensive Review |journal=Cureus |volume=14 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.30566 |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=9676089 |pmid=36415428 |doi-access=free |article-number=e30566}}</ref> E sanso be used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of de mouth, den to keep urinary catheters from blocking.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book |title=British national formulary: BNF 69 |date=2015 |publisher=British Medical Association |isbn=978-0-85711-156-2 |edition=69 |pages=568, 791, 839}}</ref> E be used as a liquid anaa a powder.<ref name="WHO2008" /><ref name="BNF69" /> E commonly be used insyd salt form, either de gluconate<ref name="PubChem CG">{{Cite web |title=Chlorhexidine Gluconate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorhexidine-Gluconate |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=PubChem}}</ref> anaa de acetate.<ref name="PubChem CA">{{Cite web |title=Chlorhexidine Acetate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorhexidine-Acetate |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=PubChem}}</ref> Side effects fi include skin irritation, [[Human tooth|tooth]] discoloration, den [[allergic reactions]],<ref name="BNF69">{{cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=978-0-85711-156-2|pages=568, 791, 839|edition=69}}</ref> although, apart from discoloration, de risk dey appear to be de same as that for [[povidone-iodine]].<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wade RG, Bourke G, Wormald JC, Totty JP, Stanley GH, Lewandowski A, Rakhra SS, Gardiner MD | title = Chlorhexidine versus povidone-iodine skin antisepsis before upper limb surgery (CIPHUR): an international multicentre prospective cohort study | journal = BJS Open | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | article-number = zrab117 | date = November 2021 | pmid = 34915557 | pmc = 8677347 | doi = 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab117 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wade RG, Burr NE, McCauley G, Bourke G, Efthimiou O | title = The Comparative Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidone-iodine Antiseptics for the Prevention of Infection in Clean Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis | journal = Annals of Surgery | volume = 274 | issue = 6 | pages = e481–e488 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 32773627 | doi = 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004076 | s2cid = 225289226 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Chlorhexidine rinse sanso be known to have a bitter metallic aftertaste. Rinsing plus water no be recommended as e be known to increase de bitterness.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chlorhexidine (Oral Route) Precautions |website=Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/chlorhexidine-oral-route/precautions/drg-20068551 |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> E fi cause eye problems if direct contact occur.<ref name=AHFS2017>{{cite web|title=Chlorhexidine Gluconate topical|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/chlorhexidine-gluconate-topical.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113023435/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/chlorhexidine-gluconate-topical.html|archive-date=13 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tabor E, Bostwick DC, Evans CC | title = Corneal damage due to eye contact with chlorhexidine gluconate | journal = JAMA | volume = 261 | issue = 4 | pages = 557–558 | date = January 1989 | pmid = 2909794 | doi = 10.1001/jama.1989.03420040091021 }}</ref> Ein use insyd [[pregnancy]] dey appear to be safe.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ |title=Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk|date=2011|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-1-60831-708-0|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA252|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113121448/https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA252|archive-date=13 January 2017}}</ref> Chlorhexidine fi cam mixed insyd [[ethanol|alcohol]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Swab- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=db61e7fd-c421-4e3c-bc88-0343230273de | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030815/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=db61e7fd-c421-4e3c-bc88-0343230273de | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Swab- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ff999b50-0b6b-404e-b4f1-c6694fe47a9b | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030813/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ff999b50-0b6b-404e-b4f1-c6694fe47a9b | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Prevantics Maxi Swabstick- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution | website=DailyMed | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=93ca3c07-40b4-3a91-e053-2995a90a0afd | access-date=24 January 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124030820/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=93ca3c07-40b4-3a91-e053-2995a90a0afd | url-status=live }}</ref> water, anaa [[surfactant solution]].<ref name=BNF69/> E be effective against a range of [[microorganisms]], buh no dey inactivate [[spores]].<ref name=WHO2008/> Chlorhexidine cam into medical use insyd de 1950s<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Schmalz G, Bindslev DA |title=Biocompatibility of Dental Materials|date=2008|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-77782-3|page=351|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrreTHuo54wC&pg=PA351|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113080904/https://books.google.ca/books?id=mrreTHuo54wC&pg=PA351|archive-date=13 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-06 |title=FDA & OTC Antiseptics |url=https://www.contractpharma.com/fda-otc-antiseptics/ |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=Contract Pharma |language=en-US}}</ref> wey be available [[over the counter]] insyd de [[United States]].<ref name=AHFS2017 /> E be on de [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free |author = <!--none given-->}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na e be de 270th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 900,000 prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=17 August 2025 | archive-date=17 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817043812/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Chlorhexidine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Chlorhexidine | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:Antiseptics]] [[Category:Biguanides]] [[Category:4-Chlorophenyl compounds]] [[Category:Disinfectants]] [[Category:Oral hygiene]] [[Category:Otologicals]] [[Category:Over-the-counter drugs insyd de United States]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 06yvpgpqdweg3yyfkeccjdcl5enbk43 0 31185 115454 2026-10-31T18:17:57Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379892083|Urinary tract infection]]" 115454 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''urinary tract infection''' ('''UTI''') be an infection wey dey affect a part of de urinary tract, wich dey include de bladder, urethra and the kidney.<ref name="cdc">{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-04-24 |title=Urinary Tract Infection Basics |url=https://www.cdc.gov/uti/about/index.html |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Urinary Tract Infection |language=en-us}}</ref> Lower UTIs dey affect de bladder ('''cystitis''') anaa urethra while upper UTIs dey affect de kidney (pyelonephritis).<ref name="EM2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lane DR, Takhar SS |date=August 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis |journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=539–552 |doi=10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001 |pmid=21782073}}</ref> Symptoms from a lower UTI dey include burning anaa pain during urination, pain insyd de lower abdomen den de urge to urinate even wen de bladder be empty.<ref name="cdc" /> Symptoms of a kidney infection be more systemic den dey include [[fever]] anaa flank pain, usually in addition to de symptoms of a lower UTI.<ref name="EM2011" /> Rarely, de urine fi appear bloody.<ref name="Sal2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P, Torella M |date=June 2011 |title=Urinary tract infections in women |journal=European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=131–136 |doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028 |pmid=21349630}}</ref> Symptoms fi be less clear insyd very young anaasxy old people.<ref name="CDC2015">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2015 |title=Urinary Tract Infection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222034940/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-date=22 February 2016 |access-date=9 February 2016 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}</ref><ref name="Elder2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Woodford HJ, George J |date=February 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people |journal=Clinical Medicine |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=80–83 |doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.11-1-80 |pmc=5873814 |pmid=21404794}}</ref> == References == 7qxxj4mua20fxf0996xui8k3kgd4kmz 115455 115454 2026-10-31T18:26:17Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''urinary tract infection''' ('''UTI''') be an infection wey dey affect a part of de urinary tract, wich dey include de bladder, urethra and the kidney.<ref name="cdc">{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-04-24 |title=Urinary Tract Infection Basics |url=https://www.cdc.gov/uti/about/index.html |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Urinary Tract Infection |language=en-us}}</ref> Lower UTIs dey affect de bladder ('''cystitis''') anaa urethra while upper UTIs dey affect de kidney (pyelonephritis).<ref name="EM2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lane DR, Takhar SS |date=August 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis |journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=539–552 |doi=10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001 |pmid=21782073}}</ref> Symptoms from a lower UTI dey include burning anaa pain during urination, pain insyd de lower abdomen den de urge to urinate even wen de bladder be empty.<ref name="cdc" /> Symptoms of a kidney infection be more systemic den dey include [[fever]] anaa flank pain, usually in addition to de symptoms of a lower UTI.<ref name="EM2011" /> Rarely, de urine fi appear bloody.<ref name="Sal2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P, Torella M |date=June 2011 |title=Urinary tract infections in women |journal=European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=131–136 |doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028 |pmid=21349630}}</ref> Symptoms fi be less clear insyd very young anaasxy old people.<ref name="CDC2015">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2015 |title=Urinary Tract Infection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222034940/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-date=22 February 2016 |access-date=9 February 2016 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}</ref><ref name="Elder2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Woodford HJ, George J |date=February 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people |journal=Clinical Medicine |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=80–83 |doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.11-1-80 |pmc=5873814 |pmid=21404794}}</ref> De most common cause of infection be ''[[E. coli]]'', though oda [[bacteria]] anaa [[fungi]] sometimes fi be de cause.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flores-Mireles |first=Ana L. |last2=Walker |first2=Jennifer N. |last3=Caparon |first3=Michael |last4=Hultgren |first4=Scott J. |date=May 2015 |title=Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4457377/ |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=269–284 |doi=10.1038/nrmicro3432 |issn=1740-1534 |pmc=4457377 |pmid=25853778}}</ref> Risk factors dey include being female, [[sexual intercourse]], [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], using a [[catheter]], den family history.<ref name=cdc/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Urinary tract infections (UTIs) |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-tract-infections-utis/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=NHS |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kranz-20242">{{Cite journal |last1=Kranz |first1=Jennifer |last2=Bartoletti |first2=Riccardo |last3=Bruyère |first3=Franck |last4=Cai |first4=Tommaso |last5=Geerlings |first5=Suzanne |last6=Köves |first6=Bela |last7=Schubert |first7=Sören |last8=Pilatz |first8=Adrian |last9=Veeratterapillay |first9=Rajan |last10=Wagenlehner |first10=Florian M E |last11=Bausch |first11=Kathrin |last12=Devlies |first12=Wout |last13=Horváth |first13=József |last14=Leitner |first14=Lorenz |last15=Mantica |first15=Guglielmo |date=2024 |title=European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urological Infections: Summary of the 2024 Guidelines |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0302283824022632 |journal=European Urology |language=en |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=27–41 |doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.035 |pmid=38714379}}</ref> Additional factors wey na dem find to increase de risk of infection dey include urinary retention (delaying urination), insufficient water intake, use of spermicides as a contraceptive method, den poor genital hygiene.<ref name="Jagtap2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Jagtap | first1 = S. | last2 = Harikumar | first2 = S. | last3 = Vinayagamoorthy | first3 = V. | last4 = Mukhopadhyay | first4 = S. | last5 = Dongre | first5 = A. | title = Comprehensive assessment of holding urine as a behavioral risk factor for UTI in women and reasons for delayed voiding | journal = BMC Infectious Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | page = 521 | date = 2022 | doi = 10.1186/s12879-022-07501-4 | doi-access = free | pmid = 35668379 | pmc = 9172065 }}</ref><ref name="Renko2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Renko | first1 = M. | last2 = Salo | first2 = J. | last3 = Ekstrand | first3 = M. | last4 = Pokka | first4 = T. | last5 = Pieviläinen | first5 = O. | last6 = Uhari | first6 = M. | last7 = Tapiainen | first7 = T. | title = Meta-analysis of the risk factors for urinary tract infection in children | journal = The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal | volume = 41 | issue = 10 | pages = 787–792 | date = 2022 | doi = 10.1097/INF.0000000000003628 | pmid = 35788126 | pmc = 9508987 }}</ref><ref name="Review082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nicolle LE |date=February 2008 |title=Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis |journal=The Urologic Clinics of North America |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1–12, v |doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004 |pmid=18061019}}</ref><ref name="Mavi2024">{{cite journal| last1 = Mavi | first1 = A.| last2 = Rathi | first2 = I.| last3 = Shannawaz | first3 = M.| last4 = Saeed | first4 = S.| last5 = Hasan | first5 = S.| title = Correlates of urinary tract infections among women of reproductive age in India: a systematic review| journal = Cureus| volume = 16| issue = 4| date = 2024}}</ref><ref name="Corrales2025">{{cite journal| last1 = Corrales-Acosta | first1 = E.| last2 = Cuartiella Zaragoza | first2 = E.| last3 = Monzó Pérez | first3 = M.| last4 = Benítez Perdomo | first4 = S.| last5 = Corrales-Riveros | first5 = J. G.| last6 = Corrales | first6 = M.| title = Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Women: An Update| journal = Microbiology Research | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | page = 66 | date = 2025| doi = 10.3390/microbiolres16030066| doi-access = free}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == fxnaapwstvuvbi24qnm92yq3dhkwkhn 115456 115455 2026-10-31T18:29:50Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''urinary tract infection''' ('''UTI''') be an infection wey dey affect a part of de urinary tract, wich dey include de bladder, urethra and the kidney.<ref name="cdc">{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-04-24 |title=Urinary Tract Infection Basics |url=https://www.cdc.gov/uti/about/index.html |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Urinary Tract Infection |language=en-us}}</ref> Lower UTIs dey affect de bladder ('''cystitis''') anaa urethra while upper UTIs dey affect de kidney (pyelonephritis).<ref name="EM2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lane DR, Takhar SS |date=August 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis |journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=539–552 |doi=10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001 |pmid=21782073}}</ref> Symptoms from a lower UTI dey include burning anaa pain during urination, pain insyd de lower abdomen den de urge to urinate even wen de bladder be empty.<ref name="cdc" /> Symptoms of a kidney infection be more systemic den dey include [[fever]] anaa flank pain, usually in addition to de symptoms of a lower UTI.<ref name="EM2011" /> Rarely, de urine fi appear bloody.<ref name="Sal2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P, Torella M |date=June 2011 |title=Urinary tract infections in women |journal=European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=131–136 |doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028 |pmid=21349630}}</ref> Symptoms fi be less clear insyd very young anaasxy old people.<ref name="CDC2015">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2015 |title=Urinary Tract Infection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222034940/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-date=22 February 2016 |access-date=9 February 2016 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}</ref><ref name="Elder2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Woodford HJ, George J |date=February 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people |journal=Clinical Medicine |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=80–83 |doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.11-1-80 |pmc=5873814 |pmid=21404794}}</ref> De most common cause of infection be ''[[E. coli]]'', though oda [[bacteria]] anaa [[fungi]] sometimes fi be de cause.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flores-Mireles |first=Ana L. |last2=Walker |first2=Jennifer N. |last3=Caparon |first3=Michael |last4=Hultgren |first4=Scott J. |date=May 2015 |title=Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4457377/ |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=269–284 |doi=10.1038/nrmicro3432 |issn=1740-1534 |pmc=4457377 |pmid=25853778}}</ref> Risk factors dey include being female, [[sexual intercourse]], [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], using a [[catheter]], den family history.<ref name=cdc/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Urinary tract infections (UTIs) |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-tract-infections-utis/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=NHS |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kranz-20242">{{Cite journal |last1=Kranz |first1=Jennifer |last2=Bartoletti |first2=Riccardo |last3=Bruyère |first3=Franck |last4=Cai |first4=Tommaso |last5=Geerlings |first5=Suzanne |last6=Köves |first6=Bela |last7=Schubert |first7=Sören |last8=Pilatz |first8=Adrian |last9=Veeratterapillay |first9=Rajan |last10=Wagenlehner |first10=Florian M E |last11=Bausch |first11=Kathrin |last12=Devlies |first12=Wout |last13=Horváth |first13=József |last14=Leitner |first14=Lorenz |last15=Mantica |first15=Guglielmo |date=2024 |title=European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urological Infections: Summary of the 2024 Guidelines |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0302283824022632 |journal=European Urology |language=en |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=27–41 |doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.035 |pmid=38714379}}</ref> Additional factors wey na dem find to increase de risk of infection dey include urinary retention (delaying urination), insufficient water intake, use of spermicides as a contraceptive method, den poor genital hygiene.<ref name="Jagtap2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Jagtap | first1 = S. | last2 = Harikumar | first2 = S. | last3 = Vinayagamoorthy | first3 = V. | last4 = Mukhopadhyay | first4 = S. | last5 = Dongre | first5 = A. | title = Comprehensive assessment of holding urine as a behavioral risk factor for UTI in women and reasons for delayed voiding | journal = BMC Infectious Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | page = 521 | date = 2022 | doi = 10.1186/s12879-022-07501-4 | doi-access = free | pmid = 35668379 | pmc = 9172065 }}</ref><ref name="Renko2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Renko | first1 = M. | last2 = Salo | first2 = J. | last3 = Ekstrand | first3 = M. | last4 = Pokka | first4 = T. | last5 = Pieviläinen | first5 = O. | last6 = Uhari | first6 = M. | last7 = Tapiainen | first7 = T. | title = Meta-analysis of the risk factors for urinary tract infection in children | journal = The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal | volume = 41 | issue = 10 | pages = 787–792 | date = 2022 | doi = 10.1097/INF.0000000000003628 | pmid = 35788126 | pmc = 9508987 }}</ref><ref name="Review082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nicolle LE |date=February 2008 |title=Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis |journal=The Urologic Clinics of North America |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1–12, v |doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004 |pmid=18061019}}</ref><ref name="Mavi2024">{{cite journal| last1 = Mavi | first1 = A.| last2 = Rathi | first2 = I.| last3 = Shannawaz | first3 = M.| last4 = Saeed | first4 = S.| last5 = Hasan | first5 = S.| title = Correlates of urinary tract infections among women of reproductive age in India: a systematic review| journal = Cureus| volume = 16| issue = 4| date = 2024}}</ref><ref name="Corrales2025">{{cite journal| last1 = Corrales-Acosta | first1 = E.| last2 = Cuartiella Zaragoza | first2 = E.| last3 = Monzó Pérez | first3 = M.| last4 = Benítez Perdomo | first4 = S.| last5 = Corrales-Riveros | first5 = J. G.| last6 = Corrales | first6 = M.| title = Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Women: An Update| journal = Microbiology Research | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | page = 66 | date = 2025| doi = 10.3390/microbiolres16030066| doi-access = free}}</ref> Kidney infections dey usually occur wen a bladder infection spread, buh sanso fi cam from [[Bloodstream infection|bacteria insyd de blood]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-7641-2|page=909|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mi3uBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA909|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=11 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111182932/https://books.google.com/books?id=mi3uBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA909|url-status=live}}</ref> Diagnosis insyd young healthy women fi be based on symptoms alone.<ref name="Review082" /> Insyd those plus vague symptoms, diagnosis fi be harder secof bacteria fi be present even if der no be infection.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Jarvis WR |title=Bennett & Brachman's hospital infections.|date=2007|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-6383-7|page=474|edition=5th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuy4zw5G4v4C&pg=PA474|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216175245/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuy4zw5G4v4C&pg=PA474|archive-date=16 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Pylo20112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Colgan R, Williams M, Johnson JR |date=September 2011 |title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women |journal=American Family Physician |volume=84 |issue=5 |pages=519–526 |pmid=21888302}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == sbz8tenfyn9r99f82em2ispyrqm68kz 115457 115456 2026-10-31T18:33:34Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''urinary tract infection''' ('''UTI''') be an infection wey dey affect a part of de urinary tract, wich dey include de bladder, urethra and the kidney.<ref name="cdc">{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-04-24 |title=Urinary Tract Infection Basics |url=https://www.cdc.gov/uti/about/index.html |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Urinary Tract Infection |language=en-us}}</ref> Lower UTIs dey affect de bladder ('''cystitis''') anaa urethra while upper UTIs dey affect de kidney (pyelonephritis).<ref name="EM2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lane DR, Takhar SS |date=August 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis |journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=539–552 |doi=10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001 |pmid=21782073}}</ref> Symptoms from a lower UTI dey include burning anaa pain during urination, pain insyd de lower abdomen den de urge to urinate even wen de bladder be empty.<ref name="cdc" /> Symptoms of a kidney infection be more systemic den dey include [[fever]] anaa flank pain, usually in addition to de symptoms of a lower UTI.<ref name="EM2011" /> Rarely, de urine fi appear bloody.<ref name="Sal2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P, Torella M |date=June 2011 |title=Urinary tract infections in women |journal=European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=131–136 |doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028 |pmid=21349630}}</ref> Symptoms fi be less clear insyd very young anaasxy old people.<ref name="CDC2015">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2015 |title=Urinary Tract Infection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222034940/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-date=22 February 2016 |access-date=9 February 2016 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}</ref><ref name="Elder2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Woodford HJ, George J |date=February 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people |journal=Clinical Medicine |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=80–83 |doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.11-1-80 |pmc=5873814 |pmid=21404794}}</ref> De most common cause of infection be ''[[E. coli]]'', though oda [[bacteria]] anaa [[fungi]] sometimes fi be de cause.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flores-Mireles |first=Ana L. |last2=Walker |first2=Jennifer N. |last3=Caparon |first3=Michael |last4=Hultgren |first4=Scott J. |date=May 2015 |title=Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4457377/ |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=269–284 |doi=10.1038/nrmicro3432 |issn=1740-1534 |pmc=4457377 |pmid=25853778}}</ref> Risk factors dey include being female, [[sexual intercourse]], [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], using a [[catheter]], den family history.<ref name=cdc/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Urinary tract infections (UTIs) |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-tract-infections-utis/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=NHS |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kranz-20242">{{Cite journal |last1=Kranz |first1=Jennifer |last2=Bartoletti |first2=Riccardo |last3=Bruyère |first3=Franck |last4=Cai |first4=Tommaso |last5=Geerlings |first5=Suzanne |last6=Köves |first6=Bela |last7=Schubert |first7=Sören |last8=Pilatz |first8=Adrian |last9=Veeratterapillay |first9=Rajan |last10=Wagenlehner |first10=Florian M E |last11=Bausch |first11=Kathrin |last12=Devlies |first12=Wout |last13=Horváth |first13=József |last14=Leitner |first14=Lorenz |last15=Mantica |first15=Guglielmo |date=2024 |title=European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urological Infections: Summary of the 2024 Guidelines |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0302283824022632 |journal=European Urology |language=en |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=27–41 |doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.035 |pmid=38714379}}</ref> Additional factors wey na dem find to increase de risk of infection dey include urinary retention (delaying urination), insufficient water intake, use of spermicides as a contraceptive method, den poor genital hygiene.<ref name="Jagtap2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Jagtap | first1 = S. | last2 = Harikumar | first2 = S. | last3 = Vinayagamoorthy | first3 = V. | last4 = Mukhopadhyay | first4 = S. | last5 = Dongre | first5 = A. | title = Comprehensive assessment of holding urine as a behavioral risk factor for UTI in women and reasons for delayed voiding | journal = BMC Infectious Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | page = 521 | date = 2022 | doi = 10.1186/s12879-022-07501-4 | doi-access = free | pmid = 35668379 | pmc = 9172065 }}</ref><ref name="Renko2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Renko | first1 = M. | last2 = Salo | first2 = J. | last3 = Ekstrand | first3 = M. | last4 = Pokka | first4 = T. | last5 = Pieviläinen | first5 = O. | last6 = Uhari | first6 = M. | last7 = Tapiainen | first7 = T. | title = Meta-analysis of the risk factors for urinary tract infection in children | journal = The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal | volume = 41 | issue = 10 | pages = 787–792 | date = 2022 | doi = 10.1097/INF.0000000000003628 | pmid = 35788126 | pmc = 9508987 }}</ref><ref name="Review082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nicolle LE |date=February 2008 |title=Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis |journal=The Urologic Clinics of North America |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1–12, v |doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004 |pmid=18061019}}</ref><ref name="Mavi2024">{{cite journal| last1 = Mavi | first1 = A.| last2 = Rathi | first2 = I.| last3 = Shannawaz | first3 = M.| last4 = Saeed | first4 = S.| last5 = Hasan | first5 = S.| title = Correlates of urinary tract infections among women of reproductive age in India: a systematic review| journal = Cureus| volume = 16| issue = 4| date = 2024}}</ref><ref name="Corrales2025">{{cite journal| last1 = Corrales-Acosta | first1 = E.| last2 = Cuartiella Zaragoza | first2 = E.| last3 = Monzó Pérez | first3 = M.| last4 = Benítez Perdomo | first4 = S.| last5 = Corrales-Riveros | first5 = J. G.| last6 = Corrales | first6 = M.| title = Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Women: An Update| journal = Microbiology Research | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | page = 66 | date = 2025| doi = 10.3390/microbiolres16030066| doi-access = free}}</ref> Kidney infections dey usually occur wen a bladder infection spread, buh sanso fi cam from [[Bloodstream infection|bacteria insyd de blood]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-7641-2|page=909|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mi3uBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA909|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=11 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111182932/https://books.google.com/books?id=mi3uBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA909|url-status=live}}</ref> Diagnosis insyd young healthy women fi be based on symptoms alone.<ref name="Review082" /> Insyd those plus vague symptoms, diagnosis fi be harder secof bacteria fi be present even if der no be infection.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Jarvis WR |title=Bennett & Brachman's hospital infections.|date=2007|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-6383-7|page=474|edition=5th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuy4zw5G4v4C&pg=PA474|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216175245/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuy4zw5G4v4C&pg=PA474|archive-date=16 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Pylo20112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Colgan R, Williams M, Johnson JR |date=September 2011 |title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women |journal=American Family Physician |volume=84 |issue=5 |pages=519–526 |pmid=21888302}}</ref> Insyd uncomplicated cases, UTIs usually be treated plus a short course of [[antibiotic]]s.<ref name="kranz-2024" /> [[Antibiotic resistance|Resistance]] to chaw of de antibiotics dem use to treat dis condition dey increase.<ref name="CDC2015" /> Insyd complicated cases, a longer course anaa [[intravenous]] antibiotics fi be needed.<ref name="Sal2011" /> If symptoms no dey improve insyd two anaa three days, further diagnostic testing fi be needed.<ref name="Pylo2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Colgan R, Williams M, Johnson JR | title = Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 84 | issue = 5 | pages = 519–526 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21888302 }}</ref> People plus bacteria anaa white blood cells insyd dema urine buh no symptoms usually no dey need antibiotics.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ferroni M, Taylor AK | title = Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Noncatheterized Adults | journal = The Urologic Clinics of North America | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 537–545 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26475950 | doi = 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.07.003 }}</ref> For people plus recurrent infections, [[methenamine]] fi be prescribed. Postmenopausal women sanso fi be offered [[Vaginal estrogen|vaginal estrogen replacement]]. If dese no dey work, preventative antibiotics fi be considered.<ref name="kranz-2024">{{Cite journal |last1=Kranz |first1=Jennifer |last2=Bartoletti |first2=Riccardo |last3=Bruyère |first3=Franck |last4=Cai |first4=Tommaso |last5=Geerlings |first5=Suzanne |last6=Köves |first6=Bela |last7=Schubert |first7=Sören |last8=Pilatz |first8=Adrian |last9=Veeratterapillay |first9=Rajan |last10=Wagenlehner |first10=Florian M E |last11=Bausch |first11=Kathrin |last12=Devlies |first12=Wout |last13=Horváth |first13=József |last14=Leitner |first14=Lorenz |last15=Mantica |first15=Guglielmo |date=2024 |title=European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urological Infections: Summary of the 2024 Guidelines |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0302283824022632 |journal=European Urology |language=en |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=27–41 |doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.035 |pmid=38714379 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == 2av6kdncladdd8hwwfqp8utwk0pxmx9 115458 115457 2026-10-31T18:38:27Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''urinary tract infection''' ('''UTI''') be an infection wey dey affect a part of de urinary tract, wich dey include de bladder, urethra and the kidney.<ref name="cdc">{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-04-24 |title=Urinary Tract Infection Basics |url=https://www.cdc.gov/uti/about/index.html |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Urinary Tract Infection |language=en-us}}</ref> Lower UTIs dey affect de bladder ('''cystitis''') anaa urethra while upper UTIs dey affect de kidney (pyelonephritis).<ref name="EM2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lane DR, Takhar SS |date=August 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis |journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=539–552 |doi=10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001 |pmid=21782073}}</ref> Symptoms from a lower UTI dey include burning anaa pain during urination, pain insyd de lower abdomen den de urge to urinate even wen de bladder be empty.<ref name="cdc" /> Symptoms of a kidney infection be more systemic den dey include [[fever]] anaa flank pain, usually in addition to de symptoms of a lower UTI.<ref name="EM2011" /> Rarely, de urine fi appear bloody.<ref name="Sal2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P, Torella M |date=June 2011 |title=Urinary tract infections in women |journal=European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=131–136 |doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028 |pmid=21349630}}</ref> Symptoms fi be less clear insyd very young anaasxy old people.<ref name="CDC2015">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2015 |title=Urinary Tract Infection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222034940/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-date=22 February 2016 |access-date=9 February 2016 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}</ref><ref name="Elder2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Woodford HJ, George J |date=February 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people |journal=Clinical Medicine |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=80–83 |doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.11-1-80 |pmc=5873814 |pmid=21404794}}</ref> De most common cause of infection be ''[[E. coli]]'', though oda [[bacteria]] anaa [[fungi]] sometimes fi be de cause.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flores-Mireles |first=Ana L. |last2=Walker |first2=Jennifer N. |last3=Caparon |first3=Michael |last4=Hultgren |first4=Scott J. |date=May 2015 |title=Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4457377/ |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=269–284 |doi=10.1038/nrmicro3432 |issn=1740-1534 |pmc=4457377 |pmid=25853778}}</ref> Risk factors dey include being female, [[sexual intercourse]], [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], using a [[catheter]], den family history.<ref name=cdc/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Urinary tract infections (UTIs) |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-tract-infections-utis/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=NHS |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kranz-20242">{{Cite journal |last1=Kranz |first1=Jennifer |last2=Bartoletti |first2=Riccardo |last3=Bruyère |first3=Franck |last4=Cai |first4=Tommaso |last5=Geerlings |first5=Suzanne |last6=Köves |first6=Bela |last7=Schubert |first7=Sören |last8=Pilatz |first8=Adrian |last9=Veeratterapillay |first9=Rajan |last10=Wagenlehner |first10=Florian M E |last11=Bausch |first11=Kathrin |last12=Devlies |first12=Wout |last13=Horváth |first13=József |last14=Leitner |first14=Lorenz |last15=Mantica |first15=Guglielmo |date=2024 |title=European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urological Infections: Summary of the 2024 Guidelines |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0302283824022632 |journal=European Urology |language=en |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=27–41 |doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.035 |pmid=38714379}}</ref> Additional factors wey na dem find to increase de risk of infection dey include urinary retention (delaying urination), insufficient water intake, use of spermicides as a contraceptive method, den poor genital hygiene.<ref name="Jagtap2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Jagtap | first1 = S. | last2 = Harikumar | first2 = S. | last3 = Vinayagamoorthy | first3 = V. | last4 = Mukhopadhyay | first4 = S. | last5 = Dongre | first5 = A. | title = Comprehensive assessment of holding urine as a behavioral risk factor for UTI in women and reasons for delayed voiding | journal = BMC Infectious Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | page = 521 | date = 2022 | doi = 10.1186/s12879-022-07501-4 | doi-access = free | pmid = 35668379 | pmc = 9172065 }}</ref><ref name="Renko2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Renko | first1 = M. | last2 = Salo | first2 = J. | last3 = Ekstrand | first3 = M. | last4 = Pokka | first4 = T. | last5 = Pieviläinen | first5 = O. | last6 = Uhari | first6 = M. | last7 = Tapiainen | first7 = T. | title = Meta-analysis of the risk factors for urinary tract infection in children | journal = The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal | volume = 41 | issue = 10 | pages = 787–792 | date = 2022 | doi = 10.1097/INF.0000000000003628 | pmid = 35788126 | pmc = 9508987 }}</ref><ref name="Review082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nicolle LE |date=February 2008 |title=Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis |journal=The Urologic Clinics of North America |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1–12, v |doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004 |pmid=18061019}}</ref><ref name="Mavi2024">{{cite journal| last1 = Mavi | first1 = A.| last2 = Rathi | first2 = I.| last3 = Shannawaz | first3 = M.| last4 = Saeed | first4 = S.| last5 = Hasan | first5 = S.| title = Correlates of urinary tract infections among women of reproductive age in India: a systematic review| journal = Cureus| volume = 16| issue = 4| date = 2024}}</ref><ref name="Corrales2025">{{cite journal| last1 = Corrales-Acosta | first1 = E.| last2 = Cuartiella Zaragoza | first2 = E.| last3 = Monzó Pérez | first3 = M.| last4 = Benítez Perdomo | first4 = S.| last5 = Corrales-Riveros | first5 = J. G.| last6 = Corrales | first6 = M.| title = Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Women: An Update| journal = Microbiology Research | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | page = 66 | date = 2025| doi = 10.3390/microbiolres16030066| doi-access = free}}</ref> Kidney infections dey usually occur wen a bladder infection spread, buh sanso fi cam from [[Bloodstream infection|bacteria insyd de blood]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-7641-2|page=909|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mi3uBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA909|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=11 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111182932/https://books.google.com/books?id=mi3uBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA909|url-status=live}}</ref> Diagnosis insyd young healthy women fi be based on symptoms alone.<ref name="Review082" /> Insyd those plus vague symptoms, diagnosis fi be harder secof bacteria fi be present even if der no be infection.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Jarvis WR |title=Bennett & Brachman's hospital infections.|date=2007|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-6383-7|page=474|edition=5th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuy4zw5G4v4C&pg=PA474|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216175245/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuy4zw5G4v4C&pg=PA474|archive-date=16 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Pylo20112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Colgan R, Williams M, Johnson JR |date=September 2011 |title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women |journal=American Family Physician |volume=84 |issue=5 |pages=519–526 |pmid=21888302}}</ref> Insyd uncomplicated cases, UTIs usually be treated plus a short course of [[antibiotic]]s.<ref name="kranz-2024" /> [[Antibiotic resistance|Resistance]] to chaw of de antibiotics dem use to treat dis condition dey increase.<ref name="CDC2015" /> Insyd complicated cases, a longer course anaa [[intravenous]] antibiotics fi be needed.<ref name="Sal2011" /> If symptoms no dey improve insyd two anaa three days, further diagnostic testing fi be needed.<ref name="Pylo2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Colgan R, Williams M, Johnson JR | title = Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 84 | issue = 5 | pages = 519–526 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21888302 }}</ref> People plus bacteria anaa white blood cells insyd dema urine buh no symptoms usually no dey need antibiotics.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ferroni M, Taylor AK | title = Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Noncatheterized Adults | journal = The Urologic Clinics of North America | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 537–545 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26475950 | doi = 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.07.003 }}</ref> For people plus recurrent infections, [[methenamine]] fi be prescribed. Postmenopausal women sanso fi be offered [[Vaginal estrogen|vaginal estrogen replacement]]. If dese no dey work, preventative antibiotics fi be considered.<ref name="kranz-2024">{{Cite journal |last1=Kranz |first1=Jennifer |last2=Bartoletti |first2=Riccardo |last3=Bruyère |first3=Franck |last4=Cai |first4=Tommaso |last5=Geerlings |first5=Suzanne |last6=Köves |first6=Bela |last7=Schubert |first7=Sören |last8=Pilatz |first8=Adrian |last9=Veeratterapillay |first9=Rajan |last10=Wagenlehner |first10=Florian M E |last11=Bausch |first11=Kathrin |last12=Devlies |first12=Wout |last13=Horváth |first13=József |last14=Leitner |first14=Lorenz |last15=Mantica |first15=Guglielmo |date=2024 |title=European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urological Infections: Summary of the 2024 Guidelines |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0302283824022632 |journal=European Urology |language=en |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=27–41 |doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.035 |pmid=38714379 }}</ref> Approximately 400 million UTI cases dey occur each year.<ref name=He2025 /> Dem be more common insyd women dan men,<ref name="Sal2011" /> wey be de most common bacterial infection insyd women.<ref name="AFP2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Colgan R, Williams M | title = Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 84 | issue = 7 | pages = 771–776 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 22010614 }}</ref> Up to 10% of women get a urinary tract infection insyd a given year, den half of women get at least one infection at sam point insyd dema lifetime.<ref name="Sal2011" /><ref name="Review082" /> Dem dey occur most frequently between de ages of 16 den 35{{nbsp}}years.<ref name="Sal2011" /> Recurrences be common.<ref name="Sal2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P, Torella M | title = Urinary tract infections in women | journal = European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology | volume = 156 | issue = 2 | pages = 131–136 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21349630 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028 }}</ref> Urinary tract infections be described since ancient times plus de first documented description insyd de [[Ebers Papyrus]] dem date to c. 1550 BC.<ref name="His2008">{{cite book| vauthors = Al-Achi A |title=An introduction to botanical medicines: history, science, uses, and dangers|year=2008|publisher=Praeger Publishers|location=Westport, Conn.|isbn=978-0-313-35009-2|page=126|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMzxKua4_rcC&pg=PA126|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528215426/https://books.google.com/books?id=HMzxKua4_rcC&pg=PA126|archive-date=28 May 2016}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == cgks88ljj4mzjkr2wfyiq1do16pqaqw 115459 115458 2026-10-31T18:46:33Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''urinary tract infection''' ('''UTI''') be an infection wey dey affect a part of de urinary tract, wich dey include de bladder, urethra and the kidney.<ref name="cdc">{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-04-24 |title=Urinary Tract Infection Basics |url=https://www.cdc.gov/uti/about/index.html |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Urinary Tract Infection |language=en-us}}</ref> Lower UTIs dey affect de bladder ('''cystitis''') anaa urethra while upper UTIs dey affect de kidney (pyelonephritis).<ref name="EM2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lane DR, Takhar SS |date=August 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis |journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=539–552 |doi=10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001 |pmid=21782073}}</ref> Symptoms from a lower UTI dey include burning anaa pain during urination, pain insyd de lower abdomen den de urge to urinate even wen de bladder be empty.<ref name="cdc" /> Symptoms of a kidney infection be more systemic den dey include [[fever]] anaa flank pain, usually in addition to de symptoms of a lower UTI.<ref name="EM2011" /> Rarely, de urine fi appear bloody.<ref name="Sal2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P, Torella M |date=June 2011 |title=Urinary tract infections in women |journal=European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=131–136 |doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028 |pmid=21349630}}</ref> Symptoms fi be less clear insyd very young anaasxy old people.<ref name="CDC2015">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2015 |title=Urinary Tract Infection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222034940/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html |archive-date=22 February 2016 |access-date=9 February 2016 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}</ref><ref name="Elder2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Woodford HJ, George J |date=February 2011 |title=Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people |journal=Clinical Medicine |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=80–83 |doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.11-1-80 |pmc=5873814 |pmid=21404794}}</ref> De most common cause of infection be ''[[E. coli]]'', though oda [[bacteria]] anaa [[fungi]] sometimes fi be de cause.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flores-Mireles |first=Ana L. |last2=Walker |first2=Jennifer N. |last3=Caparon |first3=Michael |last4=Hultgren |first4=Scott J. |date=May 2015 |title=Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4457377/ |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=269–284 |doi=10.1038/nrmicro3432 |issn=1740-1534 |pmc=4457377 |pmid=25853778}}</ref> Risk factors dey include being female, [[sexual intercourse]], [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], using a [[catheter]], den family history.<ref name=cdc/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Urinary tract infections (UTIs) |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-tract-infections-utis/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=NHS |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kranz-20242">{{Cite journal |last1=Kranz |first1=Jennifer |last2=Bartoletti |first2=Riccardo |last3=Bruyère |first3=Franck |last4=Cai |first4=Tommaso |last5=Geerlings |first5=Suzanne |last6=Köves |first6=Bela |last7=Schubert |first7=Sören |last8=Pilatz |first8=Adrian |last9=Veeratterapillay |first9=Rajan |last10=Wagenlehner |first10=Florian M E |last11=Bausch |first11=Kathrin |last12=Devlies |first12=Wout |last13=Horváth |first13=József |last14=Leitner |first14=Lorenz |last15=Mantica |first15=Guglielmo |date=2024 |title=European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urological Infections: Summary of the 2024 Guidelines |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0302283824022632 |journal=European Urology |language=en |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=27–41 |doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.035 |pmid=38714379}}</ref> Additional factors wey na dem find to increase de risk of infection dey include urinary retention (delaying urination), insufficient water intake, use of spermicides as a contraceptive method, den poor genital hygiene.<ref name="Jagtap2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Jagtap | first1 = S. | last2 = Harikumar | first2 = S. | last3 = Vinayagamoorthy | first3 = V. | last4 = Mukhopadhyay | first4 = S. | last5 = Dongre | first5 = A. | title = Comprehensive assessment of holding urine as a behavioral risk factor for UTI in women and reasons for delayed voiding | journal = BMC Infectious Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | page = 521 | date = 2022 | doi = 10.1186/s12879-022-07501-4 | doi-access = free | pmid = 35668379 | pmc = 9172065 }}</ref><ref name="Renko2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Renko | first1 = M. | last2 = Salo | first2 = J. | last3 = Ekstrand | first3 = M. | last4 = Pokka | first4 = T. | last5 = Pieviläinen | first5 = O. | last6 = Uhari | first6 = M. | last7 = Tapiainen | first7 = T. | title = Meta-analysis of the risk factors for urinary tract infection in children | journal = The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal | volume = 41 | issue = 10 | pages = 787–792 | date = 2022 | doi = 10.1097/INF.0000000000003628 | pmid = 35788126 | pmc = 9508987 }}</ref><ref name="Review082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nicolle LE |date=February 2008 |title=Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis |journal=The Urologic Clinics of North America |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1–12, v |doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004 |pmid=18061019}}</ref><ref name="Mavi2024">{{cite journal| last1 = Mavi | first1 = A.| last2 = Rathi | first2 = I.| last3 = Shannawaz | first3 = M.| last4 = Saeed | first4 = S.| last5 = Hasan | first5 = S.| title = Correlates of urinary tract infections among women of reproductive age in India: a systematic review| journal = Cureus| volume = 16| issue = 4| date = 2024}}</ref><ref name="Corrales2025">{{cite journal| last1 = Corrales-Acosta | first1 = E.| last2 = Cuartiella Zaragoza | first2 = E.| last3 = Monzó Pérez | first3 = M.| last4 = Benítez Perdomo | first4 = S.| last5 = Corrales-Riveros | first5 = J. G.| last6 = Corrales | first6 = M.| title = Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Women: An Update| journal = Microbiology Research | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | page = 66 | date = 2025| doi = 10.3390/microbiolres16030066| doi-access = free}}</ref> Kidney infections dey usually occur wen a bladder infection spread, buh sanso fi cam from [[Bloodstream infection|bacteria insyd de blood]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-7641-2|page=909|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mi3uBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA909|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=11 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111182932/https://books.google.com/books?id=mi3uBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA909|url-status=live}}</ref> Diagnosis insyd young healthy women fi be based on symptoms alone.<ref name="Review082" /> Insyd those plus vague symptoms, diagnosis fi be harder secof bacteria fi be present even if der no be infection.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Jarvis WR |title=Bennett & Brachman's hospital infections.|date=2007|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-6383-7|page=474|edition=5th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuy4zw5G4v4C&pg=PA474|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216175245/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuy4zw5G4v4C&pg=PA474|archive-date=16 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Pylo20112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Colgan R, Williams M, Johnson JR |date=September 2011 |title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women |journal=American Family Physician |volume=84 |issue=5 |pages=519–526 |pmid=21888302}}</ref> Insyd uncomplicated cases, UTIs usually be treated plus a short course of [[antibiotic]]s.<ref name="kranz-2024" /> [[Antibiotic resistance|Resistance]] to chaw of de antibiotics dem use to treat dis condition dey increase.<ref name="CDC2015" /> Insyd complicated cases, a longer course anaa [[intravenous]] antibiotics fi be needed.<ref name="Sal2011" /> If symptoms no dey improve insyd two anaa three days, further diagnostic testing fi be needed.<ref name="Pylo2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Colgan R, Williams M, Johnson JR | title = Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 84 | issue = 5 | pages = 519–526 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21888302 }}</ref> People plus bacteria anaa white blood cells insyd dema urine buh no symptoms usually no dey need antibiotics.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ferroni M, Taylor AK | title = Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Noncatheterized Adults | journal = The Urologic Clinics of North America | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 537–545 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26475950 | doi = 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.07.003 }}</ref> For people plus recurrent infections, [[methenamine]] fi be prescribed. Postmenopausal women sanso fi be offered [[Vaginal estrogen|vaginal estrogen replacement]]. If dese no dey work, preventative antibiotics fi be considered.<ref name="kranz-2024">{{Cite journal |last1=Kranz |first1=Jennifer |last2=Bartoletti |first2=Riccardo |last3=Bruyère |first3=Franck |last4=Cai |first4=Tommaso |last5=Geerlings |first5=Suzanne |last6=Köves |first6=Bela |last7=Schubert |first7=Sören |last8=Pilatz |first8=Adrian |last9=Veeratterapillay |first9=Rajan |last10=Wagenlehner |first10=Florian M E |last11=Bausch |first11=Kathrin |last12=Devlies |first12=Wout |last13=Horváth |first13=József |last14=Leitner |first14=Lorenz |last15=Mantica |first15=Guglielmo |date=2024 |title=European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urological Infections: Summary of the 2024 Guidelines |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0302283824022632 |journal=European Urology |language=en |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=27–41 |doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.035 |pmid=38714379 }}</ref> Approximately 400 million UTI cases dey occur each year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=He |first=Yining |last2=Zhao |first2=Jing |last3=Wang |first3=Lanhui |last4=Han |first4=Chao |last5=Yan |first5=Ruxue |last6=Zhu |first6=Peiqi |last7=Qian |first7=Tianyang |last8=Yu |first8=Siyao |last9=Zhu |first9=Xiaolin |last10=He |first10=Weiming |date=2025-02-08 |title=Epidemiological trends and predictions of urinary tract infections in the global burden of disease study 2021 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11807111/ |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=4702 |doi=10.1038/s41598-025-89240-5 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=11807111 |pmid=39922870}}</ref> Dem be more common insyd women dan men,<ref name="Sal2011" /> wey be de most common bacterial infection insyd women.<ref name="AFP2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Colgan R, Williams M | title = Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 84 | issue = 7 | pages = 771–776 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 22010614 }}</ref> Up to 10% of women get a urinary tract infection insyd a given year, den half of women get at least one infection at sam point insyd dema lifetime.<ref name="Sal2011" /><ref name="Review082" /> Dem dey occur most frequently between de ages of 16 den 35{{nbsp}}years.<ref name="Sal2011" /> Recurrences be common.<ref name="Sal2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P, Torella M | title = Urinary tract infections in women | journal = European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology | volume = 156 | issue = 2 | pages = 131–136 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21349630 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028 }}</ref> Urinary tract infections be described since ancient times plus de first documented description insyd de [[Ebers Papyrus]] dem date to c. 1550 BC.<ref name="His2008">{{cite book| vauthors = Al-Achi A |title=An introduction to botanical medicines: history, science, uses, and dangers|year=2008|publisher=Praeger Publishers|location=Westport, Conn.|isbn=978-0-313-35009-2|page=126|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMzxKua4_rcC&pg=PA126|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528215426/https://books.google.com/books?id=HMzxKua4_rcC&pg=PA126|archive-date=28 May 2016}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Urinary Tract Infection}} [[Category:Infectious diseases]] [[Category:Urological conditions]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 7zy0c9uy4wavw4d2u3cv8boubz1ukzx